1
|
Tao H, Wan Q, Sun M, Cai K, Song Y, He M, Shen J. Involvement of Plasma Melatonin in Medication-Overuse Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Neuropharmacol 2024; 47:12-16. [PMID: 37852214 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH) are often complicated with anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders and are associated with dependence behavior and substance abuse. Melatonin has physiological properties including analgesia, regulation of circadian rhythms, soporific, and antidepressant and affects drug preference and addiction. This study aimed to investigate the role of melatonin in MOH compared with episodic migraine (EM) and healthy controls and to verify the relationship between plasma melatonin levels and psychiatric symptoms. METHODS Thirty patients affected by MOH, 30 patients with EM, and 30 matched healthy controls were enrolled. All subjects completed a detailed headache questionnaire and scales including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire. Melatonin levels in plasma samples were measured by enzyme immunoassay method. RESULTS The levels of plasma melatonin were significantly different among 3 groups of subjects (MOH, 7.74 [5.40-9.89]; EM, 9.79 [8.23-10.62]; Control, 10.16 [8.60-17.57]; H = 13.433; P = 0.001). Significantly lower levels of melatonin were found in MOH patients compared with healthy controls ( P = 0.001). The level of plasma melatonin inversely correlated with the scores of HADS-Anxiety ( r = -0.318, P = 0.002), HADS-Depression ( r = -0.368, P < 0.001), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( r = -0.303, P = 0.004), and Leeds Dependence Questionnaire ( r = -0.312, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study innovatively detects the plasma melatonin levels in MOH patients and explores the association between melatonin levels and psychiatric symptoms. Melatonin may be potential complementary therapy in the treatment of MOH considering its comprehensive role in multiple aspects of MOH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Kefu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Mingqing He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabing Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aydin H, Bulmus O, Korkut O, Altun E, Ulusal AE. An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Melatonin and n-Acetylcysteine in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2026. [PMID: 38004075 PMCID: PMC10672847 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to apply histopathological and immunohistochemical methods to compare the protective efficacy of melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) application in rats with experimental brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and to evaluate the protective effect of their combined use. Materials and Methods: Forty-one young adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups-control (n = 8), I/R group (n = 8), melatonin (n = 8), NAC (n = 8), and melatonin + NAC (n = 9). Results: All scores differed between the groups, apart from vascular congestion (p < 0.05). At two-way comparisons, all histological scores were significantly higher in the I/R group than in the control group (p < 0.05). No change occurred in the vascular congestion scores with the administration of melatonin, although decreases were determined in all other scores. These decreases were statistically significant for cellular eosinophilic pyknotic degeneration, vacuolization, and edema (p < 0.05). All histopathological scores in the group administered NAC together with melatonin were significantly lower than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The combined use of NAC and melatonin, the neuroprotective efficacy of which on histopathological parameters is shown in this study, now needs to be supported by further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Aydin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Bulmus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey;
| | - Oguzhan Korkut
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey;
| | - Eren Altun
- Department of Medical Pathology, Health Sciences University, Istanbul Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, Balikesir 10145, Turkey;
| | - Ali Engin Ulusal
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10145, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carretero VJ, Ramos E, Segura-Chama P, Hernández A, Baraibar AM, Álvarez-Merz I, Muñoz FL, Egea J, Solís JM, Romero A, Hernández-Guijo JM. Non-Excitatory Amino Acids, Melatonin, and Free Radicals: Examining the Role in Stroke and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1844. [PMID: 37891922 PMCID: PMC10603966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids, and their role in stroke and aging. Melatonin has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic benefits by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Melatonin has been found to mitigate ischemic brain damage caused by stroke. By scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage, melatonin may help slow down the aging process and protect against age-related cognitive decline. Additionally, non-excitatory amino acids have been shown to possess neuroprotective properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory in stroke and aging-related conditions. They can attenuate oxidative stress, modulate calcium homeostasis, and inhibit apoptosis, thereby safeguarding neurons against damage induced by stroke and aging processes. The intracellular accumulation of certain non-excitatory amino acids could promote harmful effects during hypoxia-ischemia episodes and thus, the blockade of the amino acid transporters involved in the process could be an alternative therapeutic strategy to reduce ischemic damage. On the other hand, the accumulation of free radicals, specifically mitochondrial reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, accelerates cellular senescence and contributes to age-related decline. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between melatonin, free radicals, and non-excitatory amino acids in stroke and aging. The neuroprotective actions of melatonin and non-excitatory amino acids converge on multiple pathways, including the regulation of calcium homeostasis, modulation of apoptosis, and reduction of inflammation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the preservation of neuronal integrity and functions, making them promising targets for therapeutic interventions in stroke and age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jiménez Carretero
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Segura-Chama
- Investigador por México-CONAHCYT, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Adan Hernández
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma of México, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés M Baraibar
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iris Álvarez-Merz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i + 12), Avda. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Solís
- Neurobiology-Research Service, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Hernández-Guijo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, Teófilo Hernando Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of Melatonin in Pregnancy and the Health Benefits for the Newborn. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123252. [PMID: 36552008 PMCID: PMC9775355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been significant evolutions in the understanding of the hormone melatonin in terms of its physiology, regulatory role, and potential utility in various domains of clinical medicine. Melatonin's properties include, among others, the regulation of mitochondrial function, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects, sleep promotion and immune enhancement. As it is also bioavailable and has little or no toxicity, it has been proposed as safe and effective for the treatment of numerous diseases and to preserve human health. In this manuscript, we tried to evaluate the role of melatonin at the beginning of human life, in pregnancy, in the fetus and in newborns through newly published literature studies.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bseiso EA, AbdEl-Aal SA, Nasr M, Sammour OA, El Gawad NAA. Nose to brain delivery of melatonin lipidic nanocapsules as a promising post-ischemic neuroprotective therapeutic modality. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2469-2480. [PMID: 35892291 PMCID: PMC9341381 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for about 87% of all strokes, causing long-term disability in adults, and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In search of new therapeutic modalities, the use of neuroprotective agents loaded in nanocarriers to be delivered by noninvasive means (i.e. via intranasal route) became a popular approach. In the current study, melatonin (MEL) was loaded in lipidic nanocapsules (LNCs) prepared using the phase inversion method, and characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, viscosity, storage stability, and ex vivo permeation across sheep nasal mucosa. Moreover, MEL-LNCs were tested for efficacy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R/) injury model through histopathological assessment, and analysis of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic markers. Results showed that LNCs exhibited particle size ranging from 18.26 to 109.8 nm, negative zeta potential, good storage stability, spherical morphology, and a burst release followed by a sustained release pattern. LNCs exhibited 10.35 folds higher permeation of MEL than the drug solution across sheep nasal mucosa. Post-ischemic intranasal administration of MEL-LNCs revealed lowering of oxidative stress manifested by a decrease in malondialdehyde levels, and elevation of glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels, lowering of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, NO, myeloperoxidase, and significant inhibition of Caspase-3 activity as an apoptotic marker. Western blot analysis delineated a recovery of protein expression Nrf-2 and HO-1 with downregulation in the parent inflammatory markers nuclear factor kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bax, and Cytochrome C expressions, and upregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 Bcl-2, hence promoting neuronal survival. This was supported by histological evidence, revealing significant restoration of hippocampal neurons. In light of the above, it can be concluded that MEL-LNCs could be a promising delivery system for nose to brain delivery for treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bseiso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Sarah A AbdEl-Aal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Department of Pharmacy, KUT University College, Al Kut, Wasit52001, Iraq
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya A Abd El Gawad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luchetti F, Carloni S, Nasoni MG, Reiter RJ, Balduini W. Tunneling nanotubes and mesenchymal stem cells: New insights into the role of melatonin in neuronal recovery. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12800. [PMID: 35419879 PMCID: PMC9540876 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient cell-to-cell communication is essential for tissue development, homeostasis, and the maintenance of cellular functions after injury. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as a new important method of cell-to-cell communication. TNTs are primarily established between stressed and unstressed cells and can transport a variety of cellular components. Mitochondria are important trafficked entities through TNTs. Transcellular mitochondria transfer permits the incorporation of healthy mitochondria into the endogenous network of recipient cells, changing the bioenergetic profile and other functional properties of the recipient and may allow the recipient cells to recuperate from apoptotic processes and return to a normal operating state. Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) can form TNTs and transfer mitochondria and other constituents to target cells. This occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions, leading to changes in cellular energy metabolism and functions. This review summarizes the newly described capacity of melatonin to improve mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics and promote TNT formation. This new evidence suggests that melatonin's protective effects could be attributed to its ability to prevent mitochondrial damage in injured cells, reduce senescence, and promote anastasis, a natural cell recovery phenomenon that rescues cells from the brink of death. The modulation of these new routes of intercellular communication by melatonin could play a key role in increasing the therapeutic potential of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Maria G. Nasoni
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and AnatomyLong School of Medicine, UT HealthSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Walter Balduini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoUrbinoItaly
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Intranasally administered melatonin core-shell polymeric nanocapsules: A promising treatment modality for cerebral ischemia. Life Sci 2022; 306:120797. [PMID: 35841976 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The neurohormone melatonin (MEL) has been reported as a promising neuroprotective molecule, however it suffers pharmaceutical limitations such as poor solubility and low bioavailability, which hinder its pharmacological and clinical potential. In the current work, MEL was loaded in core-shell nanocarrier system; polymeric nanocapsules (PNCs), and assessed for its potential in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rat model when administered intranasally. KEY FINDINGS Adopting a D-optimal factorial design, MEL-PNCs were successfully formulated using the nanoprecipitation technique. MEL-PNCs exhibited a particle size ranging from 143.5 to 444 nm, negative zeta potential values ranging from -24.2 to -38.7 mV, cumulative release % for MEL ranging from 36.79 to 41.31 % over 8 h period, with overall good storage properties. The selected MEL-PNCs formulation displayed 8-fold higher permeation than the drug solution across sheep nasal mucosa. MEL-PNCs administered intranasally decreased oxidative stress and hippocampal inflammation, and the histological examination revealed the significant restoration of hippocampal neurons. SIGNIFICANCE MEL-PNCs administered intranasally could be a promising treatment modality in brain ischemia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Melatonin and the Brain–Heart Crosstalk in Neurocritically Ill Patients—From Molecular Action to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137094. [PMID: 35806098 PMCID: PMC9267006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury, especially traumatic brain injury (TBI), may induce severe dysfunction of extracerebral organs. Cardiac dysfunction associated with TBI is common and well known as the brain–heart crosstalk, which broadly refers to different cardiac disorders such as cardiac arrhythmias, ischemia, hemodynamic insufficiency, and sudden cardiac death, which corresponds to acute disorders of brain function. TBI-related cardiac dysfunction can both worsen the brain damage and increase the risk of death. TBI-related cardiac disorders have been mainly treated symptomatically. However, the analysis of pathomechanisms of TBI-related cardiac dysfunction has highlighted an important role of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of such disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone released by the pineal gland. It plays a crucial role in the coordination of the circadian rhythm. Additionally, melatonin possesses strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties and can modulate sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. Melatonin has a protective effect not only on the brain, by attenuating its injury, but on extracranial organs, including the heart. The aim of this study was to analyze the molecular activity of melatonin in terms of TBI-related cardiac disorders. Our article describes the benefits resulting from using melatonin as an adjuvant in protection and treatment of brain injury-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jouybar R, Khademi S, Razmjooie S, Bagheri N. Effect of Preoperative Administration of Oral Melatonin on Pneumatic Tourniquet-Induced Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Orthopedic Surgery of Lower Extremities: A Randomized Clinical Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:123-130. [PMID: 35291433 PMCID: PMC8919302 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.86960.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) causes cellular damage and dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on pneumatic tourniquet-induced IRI in orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Chamran Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran), from September to November 2019. The target population was patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery of the lower extremities. A total of 67 patients were randomly divided into two groups, placebo (n=34) and melatonin (n=33). The groups received 10 mg melatonin or placebo the night before surgery and two hours before surgery. Primary outcome variables were the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hemodynamic parameters, sedation score, and drug side effects were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 software. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the analysis phase, due to loss to follow-up (n=26), 41 patients divided into two groups of melatonin (n=20) and placebo (n=21) were evaluated. There was no significant difference in demographic data, duration of surgery (P=0.929), and tourniquet time (P=0.496) between the groups. The serum levels of SOD and MDA were not significantly different between the groups (P=0.866 and P=0.422, respectively), nor were the incidence of postoperative nausea (P=0.588) and patients' satisfaction (P=0.088). However, the postoperative sedation score and vomiting between the groups were significantly different (P<0.001). Conclusion Administration of 10 mg melatonin provided effective sedation, but had no significant effect on the serum levels of SOD and MDA, nor on pneumatic tourniquet-induced IRI in orthopedic surgery of the lower limbs. Trial registration number IRCT20141009019470N87.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jouybar
- Shiraz Anesthesiology and Critical Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Khademi
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Razmjooie
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu X, Zhu Y, Zhou F, Peng C, Hu Z, Chen C. Efficacy of Melatonin in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:685731. [PMID: 34539547 PMCID: PMC8446273 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.685731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe disease characterized by sudden headache, loss of consciousness, or focal neurological deficits. Melatonin has been reported as a potential neuroprotective agent of SAH. It provides protective effects through the anti-inflammatory effects or the autophagy pathway. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin administration on experimental SAH animals and offer support for the future clinical trial design of the melatonin treatment following SAH. Methods: The following online databases were searched for experimentally controlled studies of the effect of melatonin on SAH models: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (all until March 2021). The melatonin effect on the brain water content (BWC) and neurological score (NS) were compared between the treatment and control groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Our literature identified 160 possible articles, and most of them were excluded due to duplication (n = 69) and failure to meet the inclusion criteria (n = 56). After screening the remaining 35 articles in detail, we excluded half of them because of no relevant outcome measures (n = 16), no relevant interventions (n = 3), review articles (n = 1), duplicated publications (n = 1), and studies on humans or cells (n = 2). Finally, this systematic review contained 12 studies between 2008 and 2018. All studies were written in English except for one study in Chinese, and all of them showed the effect of melatonin on BWC and NS in SAH models. Conclusion: Our research shows that melatonin can significantly improve the behavior and pathological results of SAH animal models. However, due to the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis, the experimental design and experimental method limitations should be considered when interpreting the results. Significant clinical and animal studies are still required to evaluate whether melatonin can be used in the adjuvant treatment of clinical SAH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cuiying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Youssef MI, Ma J, Chen Z, Hu WW. Potential therapeutic agents for ischemic white matter damage. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105116. [PMID: 34229025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic white matter damage (WMD) is increasingly being considered as one of the major causes of neurological disorders in older adults and preterm infants. The functional consequences of WMD triggers a progressive cognitive decline and dementia particularly in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the major stride made in the pathogenesis mechanisms of ischemic WMD in the last century, effective medications are still not available. So, there is an urgent need to explore a promising approach to slow the progression or modify its pathological course. In this review, we discussed the animal models, the pathological mechanisms and the potential therapeutic agents for ischemic WMD. The development in the studies of anti-oxidants, free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic agents and neurotrophic factors in ischemic WMD were summarized. The agents which either alleviate oligodendrocyte damage or promote its proliferation or differentiation may have potential value for the treatment of ischemic WMD. Moreover, drugs with multifaceted protective activities or a wide therapeutic window may be optimal for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Youssef
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang T, Wang Y, Xia Q, Tu Z, Sun J, Jing Q, Chen P, Zhao X. Propofol Mediated Protection of the Brain From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Regulation of Microglial Connexin 43. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637233. [PMID: 34169070 PMCID: PMC8217990 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious condition that leads to increased apoptosis of microglial and neurons in the brain. In this study, we identified that Cx43 expression level is significantly increased in the microglial cells during I/R injury. Using an in vitro model (hypoxia/reoxygenation-H/R injury), we observed that H/R injury leads to an increase in activation of microglial cells and increase in levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, we could also observe significant increase in phosphorylation of Cx43 and Cav3.2 levels. To assess the role of H/R injured microglial cells on neuronal population, we cultured the neurons with conditioned media (MCS) from H/R injured microglial cells. Interestingly, we observed that microglial H/R injury significantly decreased Map2 expression and affected neuronal morphology. Further, we aimed to assess the effects of propofol on cerebral H/R injury, and observed that 40 μM propofol significantly decreased Cx43, Cx43 phosphorylation, and CaV3.2 levels. Additionally, propofol decreased apoptosis and increased Map2 expression levels in H/R injured neurons. Using silencing experiments, we confirmed that siCx43 could significantly improve the propofol's rescue after H/R injury in both microglia and neurons. We further developed an in vivo MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) rat model to understand the effect of propofol in I/R injury. Interestingly, propofol treatment and downregulation of Cx43 significantly decreased the infract volume and apoptosis in these MCAO rats. Thus, this study clearly establishes that propofol protects the brain against I/R injury through the downregulation of Cx43 in microglial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laste G, Silva AAD, Gheno BR, Rychcik PM. Relationship between melatonin and high-risk pregnancy: A review of investigations published between the years 2010 and 2020. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:168-181. [PMID: 33432828 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1863975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to search for articles on human studies investigating the relationship between melatonin and high-risk pregnancy. An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases from September 2010 to October 2020. The initial search produced 441 articles in PubMed and 407 in MEDLINE. After sorting the titles and abstracts, and removing duplicates, we had nine articles in PubMed and three in Medline. The results of these studies mainly show that the association between melatonin receptor 1B polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common physiological mechanism relating to melatonin and high-risk pregnancy in this review. In addition, the circadian rhythm, decreased melatonin production, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were explored. The findings of our review of the literature suggest that this indoleamine is essential in high-risk pregnancy for its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and genic receptor expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Laste
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates , Lajeado, Brasil
| | - André Anjos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates , Lajeado, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Al-Gholam MA, Issa NM. Effect of cypermethrin on the postnatal development of the medulla oblongata and the possible protective role of melatonin in albino rats. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:460-470. [PMID: 33361544 PMCID: PMC7769100 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that cypermethrin (CYP), a broad spectrum pesticide has a teratogenic effect on rat offspring born to an exposed dam with no information on its effect on the development of the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first attempt to study the postnatal development medulla oblongata of rat offspring exposed to CYP during the perinatal period and the possible neuroprotective role of melatonin. The offspring of treated female rats were organized into control, melatonin (1 mg/kg/day orally); CYP (12 mg/kg/day orally); and CYP/melatonin groups. The mothers received treatments from day 6 of gestation until day 21 after birth. At Postnatal days 7 and 21, the animals were sacrificed and their medulla oblongata was removed and subjected to histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic studies. CYP induced neuronal degeneration by chromatolysis and pyknosis. Nuclear changes, cytoplasmic vacuolation, damage mitochondria, and breakdown of RER were also detected. Reduction of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), myelin basic protein (MBP), and oligodendrocyte transcription factor expressions and increment of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the medulla oblongata of the developing rats were observed. On the other hand, melatonin led to an obvious improvement of the injured medulla oblongata tissues and ameliorating the damaging effects of CYP. In conclusion, melatonin has protected rats against CYP-induced histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. This may be due to the protection of MAP-2, conservation of MBP, an increment of oligodendrocytes, and alleviation of astrogliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Al-Gholam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Noha M Issa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen D, Mei Y, Kim N, Lan G, Gan CL, Fan F, Zhang T, Xia Y, Wang L, Lin C, Ke F, Zhou XZ, Lu KP, Lee TH. Melatonin directly binds and inhibits death-associated protein kinase 1 function in Alzheimer's disease. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12665. [PMID: 32358852 PMCID: PMC7890046 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is upregulated in the brains of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared with normal subjects, and aberrant DAPK1 regulation is implicated in the development of AD. However, little is known about whether and how DAPK1 function is regulated in AD. Here, we identified melatonin as a critical regulator of DAPK1 levels and function. Melatonin significantly decreases DAPK1 expression in a post-transcriptional manner in neuronal cell lines and mouse primary cortical neurons. Moreover, melatonin directly binds to DAPK1 and promotes its ubiquitination, resulting in increased DAPK1 protein degradation through a proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, in tau-overexpressing mouse brain slices, melatonin treatment and the inhibition of DAPK1 kinase activity synergistically decrease tau phosphorylation at multiple sites related to AD. In addition, melatonin and DAPK1 inhibitor dramatically accelerate neurite outgrowth and increase the assembly of microtubules. Mechanistically, melatonin-mediated DAPK1 degradation increases the activity of Pin1, a prolyl isomerase known to play a protective role against tau hyperphosphorylation and tau-related pathologies. Finally, elevated DAPK1 expression shows a strong correlation with the decrease in melatonin levels in human AD brains. Combined, these results suggest that DAPK1 regulation by melatonin is a novel mechanism that controls tau phosphorylation and function and offers new therapeutic options for treating human AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yingxue Mei
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nami Kim
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guihua Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chen-Ling Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroglia and Diseases, Laboratory of Pain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yongfang Xia
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neuroglia and Diseases, Laboratory of Pain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Zhen Zhou
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu H, Wu Z, Wang X, Gao C, Liu R, Kang F, Dai M. Protective effects of combined treatment with mild hypothermia and edaravone against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway regulation. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:500-508. [PMID: 32626935 PMCID: PMC7307586 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild hypothermia (MH) and edaravone (EDA) exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. However, whether MH and EDA exert synergistic effects against cerebral I/R injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of MH in combination with EDA in cerebral I/R injury. A rat cerebral I/R injury model was constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion, and the mice were treated by MH, EDA or the inhibitor of the Nrf2 signaling pathway brusatol (Bru). It was observed that mice treated by MCAO had higher neurological deficit scores and oxidative stress levels, and low spatial learning and memory capacity; moreover, the CA1 region of the hippocampi of the mice exhibited reduced neuronal density and viability, and reduced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, MH in combination with EDA reversed the effects of MCAO, which were blocked by Bru injection. The levels of glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in rat ischemic hemisphere tissues were reduced by Bru. Western blotting demonstrated that the combined treatment with MH and EDA promoted the nuclear localization of Nrf2, and increased the levels of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. In conclusion, MH combined with EDA exerted synergistic neuroprotective effects against cerebral I/R injury involving changes in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Zhidian Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Chang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Run Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Fuxin Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Dai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gonzalez A. Antioxidants and Neuron-Astrocyte Interplay in Brain Physiology: Melatonin, a Neighbor to Rely on. Neurochem Res 2020; 46:34-50. [PMID: 31989469 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript is a review focused onto the role of astrocytes in the protection of neurons against oxidative stress and how melatonin can contribute to the maintenance of brain homeostasis. The first part of the review is dedicated to the dependence of neurons on astrocytes by terms of survival under oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, the effects of melatonin against oxidative stress in the brain and its putative role in the protection against diseases affecting the brain are highlighted. The effects of melatonin on the physiology of neurons and astrocytes also are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tan HY, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chye SM. Pharmacological Effects of Melatonin as Neuroprotectant in Rodent Model: A Review on the Current Biological Evidence. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:25-51. [PMID: 31435851 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The progressive loss of structure and functions of neurons, including neuronal death, is one of the main factors leading to poor quality of life. Promotion of functional recovery of neuron after injury is a great challenge in neuroregenerative studies. Melatonin, a hormone is secreted by pineal gland and has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Besides that, melatonin has high cell permeability and is able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Apart from that, there are no reported side effects associated with long-term usage of melatonin at both physiological and pharmacological doses. Thus, in this review article, we summarize the pharmacological effects of melatonin as neuroprotectant in central nervous system injury, ischemic-reperfusion injury, optic nerve injury, peripheral nerve injury, neurotmesis, axonotmesis, scar formation, cell degeneration, and apoptosis in rodent models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying Tan
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin Y, Choi J, Lee S, Kim JW, Hong Y. Pathogenetical and Neurophysiological Features of Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Phenomena and Diagnoses. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1588. [PMID: 31581672 PMCID: PMC6832208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is accompanied by social deficits, repetitive and restricted interests, and altered brain development. The majority of ASD patients suffer not only from ASD itself but also from its neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Alterations in brain structure, synaptic development, and misregulation of neuroinflammation are considered risk factors for ASD and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Electroencephalography has been developed to quantitatively explore effects of these neuronal changes of the brain in ASD. The pineal neurohormone melatonin is able to contribute to neural development. Also, this hormone has an inflammation-regulatory role and acts as a circadian key regulator to normalize sleep. These functions of melatonin may play crucial roles in the alleviation of ASD and its neuropsychiatric comorbidities. In this context, this article focuses on the presumable role of melatonin and suggests that this hormone could be a therapeutic agent for ASD and its related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunho Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Gimhae Industry Promotion & Biomedical Foundation, Gimhae 50969, Korea.
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Healthcare Information Technology, College of Bio-Nano Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luo C, Yang Q, Liu Y, Zhou S, Jiang J, Reiter RJ, Bhattacharya P, Cui Y, Yang H, Ma H, Yao J, Lawler SE, Zhang X, Fu J, Rozental R, Aly H, Johnson MD, Chiocca EA, Wang X. The multiple protective roles and molecular mechanisms of melatonin and its precursor N-acetylserotonin in targeting brain injury and liver damage and in maintaining bone health. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:215-233. [PMID: 30315933 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep and wakefulness and is mainly produced by the pineal gland. Numerous physiological functions of melatonin have been demonstrated including anti-inflammation, suppressing neoplastic growth, circadian and endocrine rhythm regulation, and its potent antioxidant activity as well as its role in regeneration of various tissues including the nervous system, liver, bone, kidney, bladder, skin, and muscle, among others. In this review, we summarize the recent advances related to the multiple protective roles of melatonin receptor agonists, melatonin and N-acetylserotonin (NAS), in brain injury, liver damage, and bone health. Brain injury, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and newborn perinatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, is a major cause of mortality and disability. Liver disease causes serious public health problems and various factors including alcohol, chemical pollutants, and drugs induce hepatic damage. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans. Due in part to an aging population, both the cost of care of fracture patients and the annual fracture rate have increased steadily. Despite the discrepancy in the pathophysiological processes of these disorders, time frames and severity, they may share several common molecular mechanisms. Oxidative stress is considered to be a critical factor in these pathogeneses. We update the current state of knowledge related to the molecular processes, mainly including anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and anti-inflammation as well as other properties of melatonin and NAS. Particularly, the abilities of melatonin and NAS to directly scavenge oxygen-centered radicals and toxic reactive oxygen species, and indirectly act through antioxidant enzymes are disscussed. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences in the protection provided by melatonin and/or NAS in brain, liver and bone damage. We analyze the involvement of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), melatonin receptor 1B (MT2), and melatonin receptor 1C (MT3) in the protection of melatonin and/or NAS. Additionally, we evaluate their potential clinical applications. The multiple mechanisms of action and multiple organ-targeted properties of melatonin and NAS may contribute to development of promising therapies for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Yuancai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Lab for Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Daye, Hubei, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiying Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Yongchun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - He Ma
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiemin Yao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Sean E Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinmu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianfang Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Renato Rozental
- Lab Neuroproteção & Estratégias Regenerativas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hany Aly
- Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark D Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Preventing childhood and lifelong disability: Maternal dietary supplementation for perinatal brain injury. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:228-242. [PMID: 30227261 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of brain injuries that lead to cerebral palsy, developmental disability, and mental health disorders have their onset in utero. These lifelong conditions come with great economic and emotional burden as they impact function in nearly all domains of affected individuals' lives. Unfortunately, current therapeutic options are limited. There remains a focus on rescue, rehabilitation, and regeneration after the injury has occurred, rather than aiming to prevent the initial injury. Prevention would imply treating the mother during pregnancy to alter the fetal environment and in turn, treat the fetus. Fear of harming the developing fetus remains as a result of errors of the past such as the release of thalidomide. In this review, we outline evidence from animal studies and clinical trials that have explored maternal dietary supplementation with natural health products (including nutraceuticals and functional foods) for perinatal brain injury prevention. Namely, we discuss magnesium sulphate, creatine, choline, melatonin, resveratrol and broccoli sprouts/sulforaphane. Although clinical trials have only been completed in this realm for magnesium sulphate, results in animal models have been promising, suggesting that this is a productive avenue for further research. Natural health products may provide safe, effective, affordable, and easily accessible prevention of fetal brain injury and resulting lifelong disabilities.
Collapse
|
22
|
Melatonin protects against blood-brain barrier damage by inhibiting the TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway after LPS treatment in neonatal rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31638-31654. [PMID: 28404943 PMCID: PMC5458236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic and inflammatory (HII) induces the disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) which leads to inflammatory responses and neuronal cell death, resulting in brain secondary damage. Previous studies showed that melatonin produced potent neuroprotective effects in neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic models. However, the relationship between BBB disruption and melatonin in HII was still unclear. The present study therefore investigated the beneficial effects of melatonin on BBB after HII and the underlying mechanisms. HII animal model was conducted by receiving lipopolysaccharide followed by 90 min hypoxia-ischaemia in postnatal day 2 Sprague–Dawley rat pups. Melatonin was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before lipopolysaccharide injection and then once a day for 1 week to evaluate the long-term effects. In this study, we demonstrated that melatonin administration inhibited the disruption of BBB permeability and improved the white matter recovery in HII model rats. Melatonin significantly attenuated the degradation of junction proteins and the neuroprotective role was related to the inhibition of microglial toll-like receptor 4/ nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our data demonstrated that therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation might be suitable for the therapy of preserving BBB integrity after HII.
Collapse
|
23
|
Posadzki PP, Bajpai R, Kyaw BM, Roberts NJ, Brzezinski A, Christopoulos GI, Divakar U, Bajpai S, Soljak M, Dunleavy G, Jarbrink K, Nang EEK, Soh CK, Car J. Melatonin and health: an umbrella review of health outcomes and biological mechanisms of action. BMC Med 2018; 16:18. [PMID: 29397794 PMCID: PMC5798185 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-1000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aims were to evaluate critically the evidence from systematic reviews as well as narrative reviews of the effects of melatonin (MLT) on health and to identify the potential mechanisms of action involved. METHODS An umbrella review of the evidence across systematic reviews and narrative reviews of endogenous and exogenous (supplementation) MLT was undertaken. The Oxman checklist for assessing the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was utilised. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsycINFO and CINAHL. In addition, reference lists were screened. We included reviews of the effects of MLT on any type of health-related outcome measure. RESULTS Altogether, 195 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Most were of low methodological quality (mean -4.5, standard deviation 6.7). Of those, 164 did not pool the data and were synthesised narratively (qualitatively) whereas the remaining 31 used meta-analytic techniques and were synthesised quantitatively. Seven meta-analyses were significant with P values less than 0.001 under the random-effects model. These pertained to sleep latency, pre-operative anxiety, prevention of agitation and risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS There is an abundance of reviews evaluating the effects of exogenous and endogenous MLT on health. In general, MLT has been shown to be associated with a wide variety of health outcomes in clinically and methodologically heterogeneous populations. Many reviews stressed the need for more high-quality randomised clinical trials to reduce the existing uncertainties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel P Posadzki
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
| | - Ram Bajpai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Bhone Myint Kyaw
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicola J Roberts
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Amnon Brzezinski
- The Hebrew University Medical School, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - George I Christopoulos
- Nanyang Business School, Division of Strategy Management and Organisation, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ushashree Divakar
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Shweta Bajpai
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Michael Soljak
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Gerard Dunleavy
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Krister Jarbrink
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ei Ei Khaing Nang
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Chee Kiong Soh
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, 11 Mandalay Road, Level 18 Clinical Sciences Building, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Novena Campus, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore, 308232, Singapore.,Global eHealth Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Melatonin in Acute Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Infection-Induced Inflammation and Associated Behavioral Response in Mice After Exposure to Short Photoperiod. Inflammation 2017; 39:2072-2093. [PMID: 27682182 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The administration of melatonin during acute bacterial infection was evaluated in this study. Mice pre-exposed to normal photoperiodic (NP), short photoperiodic (SP), and long photoperiodic (LP) day lengths were infected separately with live Staphylococcus aureus (5 × 106 cells/ml) or Escherichia coli (2.5 × 107 colony-forming units/ml) and treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight). Behavioral studies were performed before bacterial infection and after melatonin administration. In mice pre-exposed to SP, exogenous melatonin administration resulted in better clearance of bacteria from blood and behavioral improvement. Reduced glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activities were increased, with concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation content and catalase activities in the liver, brain, and spleen after exogenous melatonin administration. The overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 during acute bacterial infection in mice exposed to different photoperiods was probably regulated by the administration of exogenous melatonin, by reducing neutrophil recruitment to spleen, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in hypothalamus, and C-reactive protein in the serum, and was also associated with improved behavioral response. Photoperiodic variations in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers might be correlated to serum melatonin and corticosterone levels. This study suggests that the administration of melatonin during SP exposure is protective in infection-induced inflammation than NP and LP exposure.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramos E, Patiño P, Reiter RJ, Gil-Martín E, Marco-Contelles J, Parada E, de Los Rios C, Romero A, Egea J. Ischemic brain injury: New insights on the protective role of melatonin. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:32-53. [PMID: 28065781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke represents one of the most common causes of brain's vulnerability for many millions of people worldwide. The plethora of physiopathological events associated with brain ischemia are regulate through multiple signaling pathways leading to the activation of oxidative stress process, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, proinflammatory mediators, excitotoxicity and/or programmed neuronal cell death. Understanding this cascade of molecular events is mandatory in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for stroke. In this review article, we have highlighted the pleiotropic effects of melatonin to counteract the multiple processes of the ischemic cascade. Additionally, experimental evidence supports its actions to ameliorate ischemic long-term behavioural and neuronal deficits, preserving the functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier, inducing neurogenesis and cell proliferation through receptor-dependent mechanism, as well as improving synaptic transmission. Consequently, the synthesis of melatonin derivatives designed as new multitarget-directed products has focused a great interest in this area. This latter has been reinforced by the low cost of melatonin and its reduced toxicity. Furthermore, its spectrum of usages seems to be wide and with the potential for improving human health. Nevertheless, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying melatonin´s actions need to be further exploration and accordingly, new clinical studies should be conducted in human patients with ischemic brain pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Patiño
- Paediatric Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology. University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | - Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Parada
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristobal de Los Rios
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Egea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de I+D del Medicamento Teófilo Hernando (ITH), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu X, Li Z, Zheng H, Ho J, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Protective roles of melatonin in central nervous system diseases by regulation of neural stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27943459 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are immature precursors of the central nervous system (CNS), with self-renewal and multipotential differentiation abilities. Their proliferation and differentiation are dynamically regulated by hormonal and local factors. Alteration in neurogenesis is associated with many neurological disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that modulation of NSCs can be a promising therapeutic approach for neural injury and neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin, a pineal gland-derived hormone, regulates the neuroimmuno-endocrine axis and is functionally important to the circadian rhythm, tumour suppression and immunity. In the CNS, melatonin exerts neuroprotective effects in many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and ischaemic brain injury. Emerging evidence suggests that it might also mediate such protective action by influencing proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this article, we review the current literature concerned with effects of melatonin on NSCs in different physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Heyi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jeffery Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nas ÖF, Demir AB, Bakar M, Özkaya G, Kaçar E, Hakyemez B. Impact of Stent-Assisted Recanalization of Carotid Artery Stenosis on Brain Volume Changes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.5799/jcei.328500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
29
|
Lin C, Chao H, Li Z, Xu X, Liu Y, Hou L, Liu N, Ji J. Melatonin attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced inflammation: a possible role for mitophagy. J Pineal Res 2016; 61:177-86. [PMID: 27117839 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin functions as a crucial mediator of sterile neuroinflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Dysfunctional mitochondria, a main source of reactive oxygen species, are impacted in inflammation activation. This study aimed to examine the effect of melatonin on inflammation via elimination of damaged mitochondria after controlled cortical impact, an in vivo model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we demonstrated that inhibition of mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy, markedly enhanced inflammation induced by TBI. Melatonin treatment activated mitophagy through the mTOR pathway, then to attenuate TBI-induced inflammation. Furthermore, treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorated neuronal death and behavioral deficits after TBI, while 3-methyladenine reversed this effect by inhibiting mitophagy. Taken together, these results highlight a role for melatonin in protecting against TBI-triggered immunopathology, which is accomplished by negatively regulating inflammation activation and IL-1β secretion via the autophagy of damaged mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Animal studies have supported a fetal neuroprotective role for melatonin when administered maternally. It is important to assess whether melatonin, given to the mother, can reduce the risk of neurosensory disabilities (including cerebral palsy) and death, associated with fetal brain injury, for the preterm or term compromised fetus. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of melatonin when used for neuroprotection of the fetus. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 January 2016). SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing melatonin given to women in pregnancy (regardless of the route, timing, dose and duration of administration) for fetal neuroprotection with placebo, no treatment, or with an alternative agent aimed at providing fetal neuroprotection. We also planned to include comparisons of different regimens for administration of melatonin. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors planned to independently assess trial eligibility, trial quality and extract the data. MAIN RESULTS We found no randomised trials for inclusion in this review. One study is ongoing. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS As we did not identify any randomised trials for inclusion in this review, we are unable to comment on implications for practice at this stage.Although evidence from animals studies has supported a fetal neuroprotective role for melatonin when administered to the mother during pregnancy, no trials assessing melatonin for fetal neuroprotection in pregnant women have been completed to date. However, there is currently one ongoing randomised controlled trial (with an estimated enrolment target of 60 pregnant women) which examines the dose of melatonin, administered to women at risk of imminent very preterm birth (less than 28 weeks' gestation) required to reduce brain damage in the white matter of the babies that were born very preterm.Further high-quality research is needed and research efforts should directed towards trials comparing melatonin with either no intervention (no treatment or placebo), or with alternative agents aimed at providing fetal neuroprotection (such as magnesium sulphate for the very preterm infant). Such trials should evaluate maternal and infant short- and longer-term outcomes (including neurosensory disabilities such as cerebral palsy), and consider the costs of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Wilkinson
- University of OxfordOxford Uehiro Centre for Practical EthicsOxfordUK
| | - Emily Shepherd
- The University of AdelaideARCH: Australian Research Centre for Health of Women and Babies, Robinson Research Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5006
| | - Euan M Wallace
- Monash UniversityThe Ritchie CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia3168
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen J, Qian C, Duan H, Cao S, Yu X, Li J, Gu C, Yan F, Wang L, Chen G. Melatonin attenuates neurogenic pulmonary edema via the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:469-77. [PMID: 26383078 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a serious non-neurological complication that can occur after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is associated with decreased survival and a poor neurological outcome. Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has beneficial effects against SAH in rats, including reduced mortality and reduced neurological deficits. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical effects in the SAH model, however, have not been clearly identified. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of melatonin on SAH-induced NPE and the potential mechanism of these effects using the filament perforation model of SAH in male Sprague Dawley rats. Either melatonin (150 mg/kg) or a vehicle was given via an intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after an SAH induction. Lung samples were extracted 24 hr after SAH. The results show that the melatonin treatment attenuated SAH-induced NPE by preventing alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunctions via inhibiting the disruption of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). Moreover, the treatment downregulated the levels of mature interleukin (IL) -1β, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 9 expression/activation, which were increased in the lung; also, melatonin treatment improved neurological deficits. Furthermore, the melatonin treatment markedly reduced caspase-3 activity and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the lung. Taken together, these findings show that administration of melatonin attenuates NPE by preventing alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunctions via repressing the inflammatory response and by anti-apoptosis effects after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Shenglong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paredes SD, Rancan L, Kireev R, González A, Louzao P, González P, Rodríguez-Bobada C, García C, Vara E, Tresguerres JAF. Melatonin Counteracts at a Transcriptional Level the Inflammatory and Apoptotic Response Secondary to Ischemic Brain Injury Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Blockade in Aging Rats. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:407-16. [PMID: 26594596 PMCID: PMC4642830 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging increases oxidative stress and inflammation. Melatonin counteracts inflammation and apoptosis. This study investigated the possible protective effect of melatonin on the inflammatory and apoptotic response secondary to ischemia induced by blockade of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in aging male Wistar rats. Animals were subjected to MCA obstruction. After 24 h or 7 days of procedure, 14-month-old nontreated and treated rats with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg melatonin were sacrificed and right and left hippocampus and cortex were collected. Rats aged 2 and 6 months, respectively, were subjected to the same brain injury protocol, but they were not treated with melatonin. mRNA expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and sirtuin 1 was measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In nontreated animals, a significant time-dependent increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, BAD, and BAX was observed in the ischemic area of both hippocampus and cortex, and to a lesser extent in the contralateral hemisphere. Hippocampal GFAP was also significantly elevated, while Bcl-2 and sirtuin 1 decreased significantly in response to ischemia. Aging aggravated these changes. Melatonin administration was able to reverse significantly these alterations. In conclusion, melatonin may ameliorate the age-dependent inflammatory and apoptotic response secondary to ischemic cerebral injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Rancan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Kireev
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, SERGAS, Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Rebullón (CHUVI) , Vigo, Spain
| | - Alberto González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Louzao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cruz García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús A F Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Melatonin improves functional outcome via inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases-9 after photothrombotic spinal cord injury in rats. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2014; 156:2173-82. [PMID: 24879621 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2 and MMP-9 play an important role in secondary inflammatory reaction and blood-central nervous system (CNS) barrier disruption after spinal cord injury (SCI). Theoretically, it is expected that early blockade of activation of MMPs can provide neuro-protective effects from secondary tissue damage and improve functional neurological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and to determine the regulatory effect of melatonin on MMP expression and activity after photochemically induced SCI in rats. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 300 g (age 8 weeks) received focal ischemia by photothrombosis using Rose Bengal (RB). The injured animals were divided into two groups; one group received 50 mg/kg of melatonin intraperitoneally, starting 1 h after injury and at 12 h intervals for 7 days, while animals in the control group received weight-adjusted doses of a saline vehicle. In each group, the expressions and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were assessed by Western blot and gelatin zymography at various times from 6 h to 3 days. The locomotor function was assessed using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale at 3 days after SCI and then once per week for 4 weeks. The animals were killed at 28 days after the injury, and the histopathology of the lesions was assessed. FINDINGS The expressions and activities of MMP-9 were increased at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after SCI in the control group. In the melatonin-treated group, the expression of MMP-9 was significantly decreased at 24, 48, and 72 h after SCI compared with the control group, and the activity of MMP-9 was significantly reduced at 72 h after SCI. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the MMP-2 level in both groups during the experimental period. Melatonin treatment following photochemically induced SCI in rats significantly ameliorated the functional deficits. On histopathologic examination, the lesion size in the spinal cord after photothrombotic insult was significantly reduced by melatonin administration. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the up-regulation of MMP-9 correlated with the secondary damage after SCI in rats. The results of this study suggest that the ability of melatonin to reduce secondary tissue damage is intimately related to the reduction of MMP-9 expression, resulting in functional improvement.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen J, Chen G, Li J, Qian C, Mo H, Gu C, Yan F, Yan W, Wang L. Melatonin attenuates inflammatory response-induced brain edema in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage: a possible role for the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:340-7. [PMID: 25187344 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a strong anti-oxidant that has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats; protection includes the reduction of both mortality and neurological deficits. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical effects in the SAH model have not been clearly identified. This study examined the influence of melatonin on brain edema secondary to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the relationship between these effects and pro-inflammatory cytokines in EBI following SAH using the filament perforation model of SAH in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Melatonin (150 mg/kg) or vehicle was given via an intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after SAH induction. Brain samples were extracted 24 hr after SAH. Melatonin treatment markedly attenuated brain edema secondary to BBB dysfunctions by preventing the disruption of tight junction protein expression (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5). Melatonin treatment also repressed cortical levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), which were increased in EBI 24 hr after SAH. To further identify the mechanism of this protection, we demonstrated that administration of melatonin attenuated matrix metallopeptidase 9 expression/activity and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, which are related to the inflammatory response and BBB disruption in EBI after SAH. Taken together, this report shows that melatonin prevents disruption of tight junction proteins which might play a role in attenuating brain edema secondary to BBB dysfunctions by repressing the inflammatory response in EBI after SAH, possibly associated with regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tang Y, Cai B, Yuan F, He X, Lin X, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang GY. Melatonin Pretreatment Improves the Survival and Function of Transplanted Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:1279-1291. [PMID: 23635511 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been shown to be beneficial in treating cerebral ischemia. However, such benefit is limited by the low survival of transplanted MSCs in an ischemic microenvironment. Previous studies showed that melatonin pretreatment can increase MSC survival in the ischemic kidney. However, whether it will improve MSC survival in cerebral ischemia is unknown. Our study examined the effect of melatonin pretreatment on MSCs under ischemia-related conditions in vitro and after transplantation into ischemic rat brain. Results showed that melatonin pretreatment greatly increased survival of MSCs in vitro and reduced their apoptosis after transplantation into ischemic brain. Melatonin-treated MSCs (MT-MSCs) further reduced brain infarction and improved neurobehavioral outcomes. Angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were greatly increased in the MT-MSC-treated rats. Melatonin treatment increased the level of p-ERK1/2 in MSCs, which can be blocked by the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole. ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 completely reversed the protective effects of melatonin, suggesting that melatonin improves MSC survival and function through activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Thus, stem cells pretreated by melatonin may represent a feasible approach for improving the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy for cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaohui Tang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Cai
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jixian Wang
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bennukul K, Numkliang S, Leardkamolkarn V. Melatonin attenuates cisplatin-induced HepG2 cell death via the regulation of mTOR and ERCC1 expressions. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:230-242. [PMID: 24799992 PMCID: PMC4009479 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i4.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the effects of melatonin on cisplatin-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell death and to identify potential cross-talk pathways.
METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were treated with melatonin and/or cisplatin for 24 to 48 h. Cell viability and the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) were calculated by MTT assays. The effects and intracellular events induced by the selected concentrations of melatonin (1 mmol/L) and cisplatin (20 μmol/L) were investigated. Cell death and survival detection were primarily evaluated using a fluorescence microscope to assess 4',6 diamideno-2-phenylindol DNA staining and acridine orange lysosome staining and then further analyzed with immunocytochemistry using an anti-LC3 antibody. The potential molecular responses mediated by melatonin against cisplatin after the combined treatment were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chains reaction and Western blot analyses of the genes and proteins associated with cell survival and death. A cell cycle analysis was performed using a flow cytometry assay.
RESULTS: Melatonin had a concentration-dependent effect on HepG2 cell viability. At 1 mmol/L, melatonin significantly increased the cell viability percentage and decreased reactive oxygen species production due to cisplatin. Melatonin reduced cisplatin-induced cell death, decreasing phosphorylated p53 apoptotic protein, cleaved caspase 3 and Bax levels but increasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 gene and protein expression. When combined with cisplatin, melatonin induced S phase (DNA synthesis) cell cycle arrest and promoted autophagic events in HepG2 cells. Melatonin also had a concentration-dependent effect on Beclin-1 and its autophagic regulator mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as well as the DNA excision repair cross complementary 1 (ERCC1) protein. The expression levels of these proteins were altered in HepG2 cells during cisplatin or melatonin treatment alone. In the combination treatment, melatonin reversed the effects of cisplatin by suppressing the over-expression of mTOR and ERCC 1 and enhancing the expression levels of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein-light chain3-II, leading to intracellular autophagosome progression.
CONCLUSION: Melatonin attenuated cisplatin-induced cell death in HepG2 cells via a counter-balance between the roles of apoptotic- and autophagy-related proteins.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim HA, Lee KH, Lee BH. Neuroprotective effect of melatonin against kainic acid-induced oxidative injury in hippocampal slice culture of rats. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5940-51. [PMID: 24722567 PMCID: PMC4013606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous melatonin is a known free radical scavenger that removes reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus, alleviating oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate its effect against kainic acid (KA)-induced oxidative stress in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). To observe neuroprotective effects of melatonin, different concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM) of melatonin were administrated after KA treatment for 18 h in OHSCs of rat pups. Dose-response studies showed that neuronal cell death was significantly reduced after 0.1 and 1 mM melatonin treatments based on propidium iodide (PI) uptake and cresyl violet staining. The dichlorofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence which indicates ROS formation decreased more in the melatonin-treated group than in the KA group. The expression of 5-lipoxigenase (5-LO) and caspase-3 were reduced in the melatonin-treated groups compared to the KA group. These results suggest that melatonin may be an effective agent against KA-induced oxidative stress in the OHSC model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung A Kim
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Division of Health Science, Department of Dental Hygiene, Dongseo University, Busan 617-716, Korea.
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bhattacharya P, Pandey AK, Paul S, Patnaik R. Melatonin renders neuroprotection by protein kinase C mediated aquaporin-4 inhibition in animal model of focal cerebral ischemia. Life Sci 2014; 100:97-109. [PMID: 24530291 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aquaporin-4(AQP4) expression in the brain with relation to edema formation following focal cerebral ischemia was investigated. Studies have shown that brain edema is one of the significant factors in worsening stroke outcomes. While many mechanisms may aggravate brain injury, one such potential system may involve AQP4 up regulation in stroke patients that could result in increased edema formation. Post administration of melatonin following ischemic stroke reduces AQP4 mediated brain edema and confers neuroprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in-silico approach was undertaken to confirm effective melatonin-AQP4 binding. Rats were treated with 5mg/kg, i.p. melatonin or placebo at 30 min prior, 60 min post and 120 min post 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24h reperfusion. Rats were evaluated for battery of neurological and motor function tests just before sacrifice. Brains were harvested for infarct size estimation, water content measurement, biochemical analysis, apoptosis study and western blot experiments. KEY FINDINGS Melatonin at 60 min post ischemia rendered neuroprotection as evident by reduction in cerebral infarct volume, improvement in motor and neurological deficit and reduction in brain edema. Furthermore, ischemia induced surge in levels of nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also found to be significantly reduced in ischemic brain regions in treated animals. Melatonin potentiated intrinsic antioxidant status, inhibited acid mediated rise in intracellular calcium levels, decreased apoptotic cell death and also markedly inhibited protein kinase C (PKC) influenced AQP4 expression in the cerebral cortex and dorsal striatum. SIGNIFICANCE Melatonin confers neuroprotection by protein kinase C mediated AQP4 inhibition in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Sudip Paul
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen J, Wang L, Wu C, Hu Q, Gu C, Yan F, Li J, Yan W, Chen G. Melatonin-enhanced autophagy protects against neural apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in early brain injury following a subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:12-9. [PMID: 24033352 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a strong antioxidant that has beneficial effects against early brain injury (EBI) following a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats; protection includes reduced mortality and brain water content. The molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical effects in the SAH model, however, have not been clearly identified. This study was undertaken to determine the influence of melatonin on neural apoptosis and the potential mechanism of these effects in EBI following SAH using the filament perforation model of SAH in male Sprague Dawley rats. Melatonin (150 mg/kg) or vehicle was given via an intraperitoneal injection 2 hr after SAH induction. Brain samples were extracted 24 hr after SAH. The results show that melatonin treatment markedly reduced caspase-3 activity and the number of TUNEL-positive cells, while the treatment increased the LC3-II/LC3-I, an autophagy marker, which indicated that melatonin-enhanced autophagy ameliorated apoptotic cell death in rats subjected to SAH. To further identify the mechanism of autophagy protection, we demonstrated that melatonin administration reduced Bax translocation to the mitochondria and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Taken together, this report demonstrates that melatonin improved the neurological outcome in rats by protecting against neural apoptosis after the induction of filament perforation SAH; moreover, the mechanism of these antiapoptosis effects was related to the enhancement of autophagy, which ameliorated cell apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Effects of pretreatment with a combination of melatonin and electroacupuncture in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:953162. [PMID: 24348730 PMCID: PMC3853035 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both melatonin and electroacupuncture (EA) have been suggested to be effective treatments against stroke. However, it is unknown whether a combination of these two therapies could be beneficial against transient focal cerebral ischemia. The present study investigated the effects of pretreatment of a combination of melatonin and EA in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After pretreatment of melatonin plus EA (MEA), transient MCAO was induced for 90 minutes in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The neurological deficit score, brain infarct volume, cerebral edema ratio, neuronal inflammation, and apoptosis were evaluated 24 hours after transient MCAO. The expression of related inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in the brain was also investigated. The results showed that MEA improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct volume, and inhibited neuronal inflammation as well as apoptosis 24 hours after transient MCAO. The beneficial effects may derive from downregulation of proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediators and upregulation of antiapoptotic mediators. Thus, these results suggest a preventive effect of pretreatment of MEA on transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
|
41
|
Aydin MV, Caner H, Sen O, Ozen O, Atalay B, Cekinmez M, Altinors N. Effect of melatonin on cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Res 2013; 27:77-82. [PMID: 15829164 DOI: 10.1179/016164105x18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The current study was undertaken to determine whether melatonin therapy reverses vasospasm and prevents apoptosis by inhibiting lipid peroxidation in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rabbits were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1, SAH + melatonin (5 mg/kg/i.p. BID) simultaneously with SAH (n = 6); Group 2, SAH + melatonin (5 mg/kg/i.p. BID) treated 2 hours after SAH (n = 6); Group 3, control group (n = 4); Group 4, SAH only (n = 6). Light microscopic examinations of the basilar arteries were performed to demonstrate the pathophysiological changes of the arterial wall with hematoxylin- eosin. Apoptosis: Immunohistology using the ApopTag Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit was used to demonstrate apoptosis in a cross section of basilary arteries. Apoptotic index was calculated as the number of the immunoreactive nuclei per total number of endothelial cells, and expressed as a percentage. RESULTS The results of measurements of diameters of the vessels between groups were significantly different (p = 0.028). While basilar arteries of the SAH only group showed 57% constriction, Groups 1 and 2 were calculated as 33 and 26% constriction, respectively, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). And also Groups 1 and 2 showed significant protection of apoptosis compared with Group 4. The difference between the four groups was tested by Kruskal-Wallis test and the significance between the two groups was tested by Mann- Whitney U-test. CONCLUSION Melatonin with its strong antioxidant effect can prevent SAH-induced vasospasm and apoptosis of endothelial cells of vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Volkan Aydin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baskent University, 1250, Yuregir-Adana/Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wilkinson D, Bain E, Wallace E. Melatonin for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
43
|
Liu XJ, Yuan L, Yang D, Han WN, Li QS, Yang W, Liu QS, Qi JS. Melatonin protects against amyloid-β-induced impairments of hippocampal LTP and spatial learning in rats. Synapse 2013; 67:626-36. [PMID: 23620224 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, leads to progressive loss of memory and cognitive deficits. Amyloid-β protein (Aβ) in the brain is thought to be the main cause of memory loss in AD. Melatonin, an indole hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has been reported to produce neuroprotective effects. We examined whether melatonin could protect Aβ-induced impairments of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, neuronal cooperative activity, and learning and memory. Rats received bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 or Aβ31-35 followed by intraperitoneal application of melatonin for 10 days, and the effects of chronic melatonin treatment on in vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and theta rhythm and Morris water maze performance were examined. We showed that intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 or Aβ31-35 impaired hippocampal LTP in vivo, while chronic melatonin treatment reversed Aβ1-42- or Aβ31-35-induced impairments in LTP induction. Intrahippocampal injection of Aβ31-35 impaired spatial learning and decreased the power of theta rhythm in the CA1 region induced by tail pinch, and these synaptic, circuit, and learning deficits were rescued by chronic melatonin treatment. These results provide evidence for the neuroprotective action of melatonin against Aβ insults and suggest a strategy for alleviating cognition deficits of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ai S, Fan X, Fan L, Sun Q, Liu Y, Tao X, Dai K. Extraction and chemical characterization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:731-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Schiaveto-de-Souza A, da-Silva CA, Defino HLA, Del Bel EA. Effect of melatonin on the functional recovery from experimental traumatic compression of the spinal cord. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:348-58. [PMID: 23579633 PMCID: PMC3854406 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is an extremely severe condition with no available effective therapies. We examined the effect of melatonin on traumatic compression of the spinal cord. Sixty male adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated animals and animals with 35 and 50% spinal cord compression with a polycarbonate rod spacer. Each group was divided into two subgroups, each receiving an injection of vehicle or melatonin (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) 5 min prior to and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after injury. Functional recovery was monitored weekly by the open-field test, the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale and the inclined plane test. Histological changes of the spinal cord were examined 35 days after injury. Motor scores were progressively lower as spacer size increased according to the motor scale and inclined plane test evaluation at all times of assessment. The results of the two tests were correlated. The open-field test presented similar results with a less pronounced difference between the 35 and 50% compression groups. The injured groups presented functional recovery that was more evident in the first and second weeks. Animals receiving melatonin treatment presented more pronounced functional recovery than vehicle-treated animals as measured by the motor scale or inclined plane. NADPH-d histochemistry revealed integrity of the spinal cord thoracic segment in sham-operated animals and confirmed the severity of the lesion after spinal cord narrowing. The results obtained after experimental compression of the spinal cord support the hypothesis that melatonin may be considered for use in clinical practice because of its protective effect on the secondary wave of neuronal death following the primary wave after spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schiaveto-de-Souza
- Departamento de Morfofisiologia, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Melatonin Antioxidative Defense: Therapeutical Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Processes. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:267-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
47
|
Edaravone ameliorates oxidative stress associated cholinergic dysfunction and limits apoptotic response following focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 367:215-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
48
|
Christophersen OA. Radiation protection following nuclear power accidents: a survey of putative mechanisms involved in the radioprotective actions of taurine during and after radiation exposure. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2012; 23:14787. [PMID: 23990836 PMCID: PMC3747764 DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v23i0.14787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are several animal experiments showing that high doses of ionizing radiation lead to strongly enhanced leakage of taurine from damaged cells into the extracellular fluid, followed by enhanced urinary excretion. This radiation-induced taurine depletion can itself have various harmful effects (as will also be the case when taurine depletion is due to other causes, such as alcohol abuse or cancer therapy with cytotoxic drugs), but taurine supplementation has been shown to have radioprotective effects apparently going beyond what might be expected just as a consequence of correcting the harmful consequences of taurine deficiency per se. The mechanisms accounting for the radioprotective effects of taurine are, however, very incompletely understood. In this article an attempt is made to survey various mechanisms that potentially might be involved as parts of the explanation for the overall beneficial effect of high levels of taurine that has been found in experiments with animals or isolated cells exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation. It is proposed that taurine may have radioprotective effects by a combination of several mechanisms: (1) during the exposure to ionizing radiation by functioning as an antioxidant, but perhaps more because it counteracts the prooxidant catalytic effect of iron rather than functioning as an important scavenger of harmful molecules itself, (2) after the ionizing radiation exposure by helping to reduce the intensity of the post-traumatic inflammatory response, and thus reducing the extent of tissue damage that develops because of severe inflammation rather than as a direct effect of the ionizing radiation per se, (3) by functioning as a growth factor helping to enhance the growth rate of leukocytes and leukocyte progenitor cells and perhaps also of other rapidly proliferating cell types, such as enterocyte progenitor cells, which may be important for immunological recovery and perhaps also for rapid repair of various damaged tissues, especially in the intestines, and (4) by functioning as an antifibrogenic agent. A detailed discussion is given of possible mechanisms involved both in the antioxidant effects of taurine, in its anti-inflammatory effects and in its role as a growth factor for leukocytes and nerve cells, which might be closely related to its role as an osmolyte important for cellular volume regulation because of the close connection between cell volume regulation and the regulation of protein synthesis as well as cellular protein degradation. While taurine supplementation alone would be expected to exert a therapeutic effect far better than negligible in patients that have been exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation, it may on theoretical grounds be expected that much better results may be obtained by using taurine as part of a multifactorial treatment strategy, where it may interact synergistically with several other nutrients, hormones or other drugs for optimizing antioxidant protection and minimizing harmful posttraumatic inflammatory reactions, while using other nutrients to optimize DNA and tissue repair processes, and using a combination of good diet, immunostimulatory hormones and perhaps other nontoxic immunostimulants (such as beta-glucans) for optimizing the recovery of antiviral and antibacterial immune functions. Similar multifactorial treatment strategies may presumably be helpful in several other disease situations (including severe infectious diseases and severe asthma) as well as for treatment of acute intoxications or acute injuries (both mechanical ones and severe burns) where severely enhanced oxidative and/or nitrative stress and/or too much secretion of vasodilatory neuropeptides from C-fibres are important parts of the pathogenetic mechanisms that may lead to the death of the patient. Some case histories (with discussion of some of those mechanisms that may have been responsible for the observed therapeutic outcome) are given for illustration of the likely validity of these concepts and their relevance both for treatment of severe infections and non-infectious inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Heeba GH, El-Hanafy AA. Nebivolol regulates eNOS and iNOS expressions and alleviates oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Life Sci 2011; 90:388-95. [PMID: 22226906 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress-induced cell damage is reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of nebivolol against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion insult in rats. MAIN METHODS The model adopted was that of surgically-induced forebrain ischemia, performed by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 1h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The effects of 5 and 10 mg/kg nebivolol, treated for 7 days prior to ischemia/reperfusion insult, were investigated by estimating endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) protein expressions and assessing oxidative stress-related biochemical parameters in the rat forebrain. Also, infarct volume measurement and histopathological study of the forebrain were examined. KEY FINDINGS Administration of nebivolol increased eNOS expression with simultaneous decrease in iNOS expression in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, nebivolol inhibited ischemia/reperfusion-induced depletion of reduced glutathione level and decreased the elevated total nitric oxide end production and malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. A notable finding is that catalase activity was not changed in response to either ischemia/reperfusion insult or nebivolol treatment. However, the results confirmed that nebivolol significantly reduced infarct volume and alleviated ischemia/reperfusion-induced histopathological changes. SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of nebivolol against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion insult. Neuroprotection observed with nebivolol may possibly be explained by regulating eNOS and iNOS expressions and by inhibition of oxidative stress-induced injury. Thus, nebivolol may be considered as a potential candidate for treatment in patients who are prone to stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang WZ, Baynosa RC, Zamboni WA. Therapeutic Interventions Against Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscle. J Surg Res 2011; 171:175-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|