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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. The Importance of the Plasma Membrane in Atherogenesis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1036. [PMID: 36363591 PMCID: PMC9698587 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are an important medical problem due to their high prevalence, impact on quality of life and prognosis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an urgent medical and social problem, the solution of which may improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of patients. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events, which proceeds over many years and in which many cells in the bloodstream and the vascular wall are involved. A growing body of evidence suggests that there are complex, closely linked molecular mechanisms that occur in the plasma membranes of cells involved in atherogenesis. Lipid transport, innate immune system receptor function, and hemodynamic regulation are linked to plasma membranes and their biophysical properties. A better understanding of these interrelationships will improve diagnostic quality and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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2
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HDL cholesterol levels and susceptibility to COVID-19. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104166. [PMID: 35843172 PMCID: PMC9284176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Host cell-membrane cholesterol, an important player in viral infections, is in constant interaction with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Low serum lipid levels during hospital admission are associated with COVID-19 severity. However, the effect of antecedent serum lipid levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk has not been explored. Methods From our retrospective cohort from the Arkansas Clinical Data-Repository, we used log-binomial regression to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the trajectories of lipid levels during the 2 years antecedent to COVID-19 testing, identified using group-based-trajectory modelling. We used mixed-effects linear regression to assess the serum lipid level trends followed up to the time of, and 2-months following COVID-19 testing. Findings Among the 11001 individuals with a median age of 59 years (IQR 46-70), 1340 (12.2%) tested positive for COVID-19. The highest trajectory for antecedent serum HDL-C was associated with the lowest SARS-CoV-2 infection risk (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.46-0.86). Antecedent serum LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were not independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. In COVID-19 patients, serum HDL-C (-7.7, 95%CI -9.8 to -5.5 mg/dL), and LDL-C (-6.29, 95%CI -12.2 to -0.37 mg/dL), but not TG levels, decreased transiently at the time of testing. Interpretation Higher antecedent serum HDL-C, but not LDL-C, TC, or TG, levels were associated with a lower SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Serum HDL-C, and LDL-C levels declined transiently at the time of infection. Further studies are needed to determine the potential role of lipid-modulating therapies in the prevention and management of COVID-19. Funding Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1 TR003107.
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3
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Matsuo M. ABCA1 and ABCG1 as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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4
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Chuang JZ, Yang N, Nakajima N, Otsu W, Fu C, Yang HH, Lee MP, Akbar AF, Badea TC, Guo Z, Nuruzzaman A, Hsu KS, Dunaief JL, Sung CH. Retinal pigment epithelium-specific CLIC4 mutant is a mouse model of dry age-related macular degeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:374. [PMID: 35042858 PMCID: PMC8766482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among the elderly. Dry AMD has unclear etiology and no treatment. Lipid-rich drusen are the hallmark of dry AMD. An AMD mouse model and insights into drusenogenesis are keys to better understanding of this disease. Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) is a pleomorphic protein regulating diverse biological functions. Here we show that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific Clic4 knockout mice exhibit a full spectrum of functional and pathological hallmarks of dry AMD. Multidisciplinary longitudinal studies of disease progression in these mice support a mechanistic model that links RPE cell-autonomous aberrant lipid metabolism and transport to drusen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Zen Chuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Nakajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Urology, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Otsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Cheng Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Howard Hua Yang
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell Ping Lee
- The Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tudor Constantin Badea
- National Eye Institute, National institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brasov, School of Medicine, Brasov, Romania
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Afnan Nuruzzaman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kuo-Shun Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ching-Hwa Sung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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5
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Gajate C, Mollinedo F. Lipid Raft Isolation by Sucrose Gradient Centrifugation and Visualization of Raft-Located Proteins by Fluorescence Microscopy: The Use of Combined Techniques to Assess Fas/CD95 Location in Rafts During Apoptosis Triggering. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2187:147-186. [PMID: 32770506 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0814-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are heterogeneous membrane domains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids, and gangliosides that serve as sorting platforms to compartmentalize and modulate signaling pathways. Death receptors and downstream signaling molecules have been reported to be recruited into these raft domains during the triggering of apoptosis. Here, we provide two protocols that support the presence of Fas/CD95 in lipid rafts during apoptosis, involving lipid raft isolation and confocal microscopy techniques. A detailed protocol is provided for the isolation of lipid rafts, by taking advantage of their resistance to Triton X-100 solubilization at 4 °C, followed by subsequent sucrose gradient centrifugation and analysis of the protein composition of the different gradient fractions by Western blotting. In addition, we also provide a detailed protocol for the visualization of the coclustering of Fas/CD95 death receptor and lipid rafts, as assessed by using anti-Fas/CD95 antibodies and fluorescent dye-conjugated cholera toxin B subunit that binds to ganglioside GM1, a main component of lipid rafts, by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. These protocols can be extended to any protein of interest to be analyzed for its association to lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Orsó E, Robenek H, Boettcher A, Wolf Z, Liebisch G, Kramer W, Schmitz G. Nonglucuronidated Ezetimibe Disrupts CD13- and CD64-Coassembly in Membrane Microdomains and Decreases Cellular Cholesterol Content in Human Monocytes/Macrophages. Cytometry A 2019; 95:869-884. [PMID: 30994973 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ezetimibe (EZE) and glucuronidated EZE (EZE-Glu) differentially target Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and CD13 (aminopeptidase-N) to inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption and cholesterol processing in other cells, although the precise molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Cellular effects of EZE, EZE-Glu, and the low-absorbable EZE-analogue S6130 were investigated on human monocyte-derived macrophages upon loading with atherogenic lipoproteins. EZE and S6130, but not EZE-Glu disturbed the colocalization of CD13 and its coreceptor CD64 (Fcγ receptor I) in membrane microdomains, and decreased the presence of both receptors in detergent-resistant membrane fractions. Biotinylated cholesterol absorption inhibitor C-5 (i.e., derivative of EZE) was rapidly internalized to perinuclear tubular structures of cells, resembling endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but CD13 was detected on extracellular sites of the plasma membrane and endolysosomal vesicles. Administration of EZE, but not of EZE-Glu or S6130, was associated with decreased cellular cholesteryl ester content, indicating the sterol-O acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1)-inhibition by EZE. Furthermore, EZE decreased the expression of molecules involved in cholesterol uptake and synthesis, in parallel with increased apolipoprotein A-I-mediated cholesterol efflux and upregulation of efflux-effectors. However, NPC1L1 the other claimed molecular target of EZE, was not detected in macrophages, thereby excluding this protein as target for EZE in macrophages. Thus, EZE is very likely a CD13-linked microdomain-disruptor and SOAT1-inhibitor in macrophages leading to in vitro anti-atherosclerotic effects through a decrease of net cellular cholesterol content. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Orsó
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Horst Robenek
- Leibniz Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Wolf
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Werner Kramer
- Biomedical and Scientific Consulting, 55130 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Shichiri M, Ishida N, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Kume A, Suzuki H. Probucol induces the generation of lipid peroxidation products in erythrocytes and plasma of male cynomolgus macaques. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 64:129-142. [PMID: 30936625 PMCID: PMC6436040 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that probucol, a lipid lowering agent, protected mice from malaria infection via depletion in plasma α-tocopherol. The antioxidant α-tocopherol in host circulation is necessary for the malaria parasites to protect themselves from oxidative stress in erythrocytes where high amounts of reactive oxygen species are generated. To assess the potential for the clinical application of probucol as an anti-malarial therapy, it was necessary to determine the effects of probucol by using primate experiments. Here we verified that probucol induces an α-tocopherol decrement in cynomolgus macaque erythrocytes and plasma. After 2 weeks of probucol administration at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day, the α-tocopherol contents in erythrocytes tended to decrease. The contents of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids and 7β-hydroxycholesterol, peroxidation products derived from linoleic acid and cholesterol, respectively, increased in erythrocytes. On the other hand, plasma α-tocopherol concentration showed a marginal decrement. Plasma lipid peroxidation products were transiently increased in the early stages of probucol administration. No adverse effects were observed throughout the experiment, although the dosage of probucol was higher than the clinical maximum dosage. Considering that malaria proliferates in erythrocytes, probucol-induced disruption of redox homeostasis in erythrocytes could be effective in the inhibition of parasite proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.,DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishida
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Aiko Kume
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-5555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-5555, Japan
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8
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Karbanová J, Lorico A, Bornhäuser M, Corbeil D, Fargeas CA. Prominin-1/CD133: Lipid Raft Association, Detergent Resistance, and Immunodetection. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:155-160. [PMID: 29271118 PMCID: PMC5788878 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface antigen prominin‐1 (alias CD133) has gained enormous interest in the past 2 decades and given rise to debates as to its utility as a biological stem and cancer stem cell marker. Important and yet often overlooked knowledge that is pertinent to its physiological function has been generated in other systems given its more general expression beyond primitive cells. This article briefly discusses the importance of particular biochemical features of CD133 with relation to its association with membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) and proper immunodetection. It also draws attention toward the adequate use of detergents and caveats that may apply to the interpretation of the results generated. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:155–160
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Karbanová
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany.,DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aurelio Lorico
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany.,DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Dresden, Germany
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9
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Tian M, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang R, Feng R, Zhang G, Guo L, Li X, Yu X, Sun JZ, He X. A single fluorescent probe enables clearly discriminating and simultaneously imaging liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered microdomains in plasma membrane of living cells. Biomaterials 2017; 120:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Wallner S, Grandl M, Liebisch G, Peer M, Orsó E, Sigrüner A, Sobota A, Schmitz G. oxLDL and eLDL Induced Membrane Microdomains in Human Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166798. [PMID: 27870891 PMCID: PMC5117723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extravasation of macrophages and formation of lipid-laden foam cells are key events in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The degradation of atherogenic lipoproteins subsequently leads to alterations in cellular lipid metabolism that influence inflammatory signaling. Especially sphingolipids and ceramides are known to be involved in these processes. We therefore analyzed monocyte derived macrophages during differentiation and after loading with enzymatically (eLDL) and oxidatively (oxLDL) modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Methods Primary human monocytes were isolated from healthy, normolipidemic blood donors using leukapheresis and counterflow elutriation. On the fourth day of MCSF-induced differentiation eLDL (40 μg/ml) or oxLDL (80 μg/ml) were added for 48h. Lipid species were analyzed by quantitative tandem mass spectrometry. Taqman qPCR was performed to investigate transcriptional changes in enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Furthermore, membrane lipids were studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Results MCSF dependent phagocytic differentiation of blood monocytes had only minor effects on the sphingolipid composition. Levels of total sphingomyelin and total ceramide remained unchanged, while lactosylceramides, cholesterylesters and free cholesterol decreased. At the species level most ceramide species showed a reduction upon phagocytic differentiation. Loading with eLDL preferentially increased cellular cholesterol while loading with oxLDL increased cellular ceramide content. Activation of the salvage pathway with a higher mRNA expression of acid and neutral sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase activation associated factor and glucosylceramidase as well as increased surface expression of SMPD1 were identified as potentially underlying mechanisms. Moreover, flow-cytometric analysis revealed a higher cell-surface-expression of ceramide, lactosylceramide (CDw17), globotriaosylceramide (CD77), dodecasaccharide-ceramide (CD65s) and GM1 ganglioside upon oxLDL loading. ApoE in contrast to apoA-I preferentially bound to the ceramide enriched surfaces of oxLDL loaded cells. Confocal microscopy showed a co-localization of acid sphingomyelinase with ceramide rich membrane microdomains. Conclusion eLDL leads to the formation of lipid droplets and preferentially induces cholesterol/sphingomyelin rich membrane microdomains while oxLDL promotes the development of cholesterol/ceramide rich microdomains via activation of the salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wallner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Margot Grandl
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Peer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Orsó
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Sigrüner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrzej Sobota
- Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Yamauchi Y, Yokoyama S, Chang TY. ABCA1-dependent sterol release: sterol molecule specificity and potential membrane domain for HDL biogenesis. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:77-88. [PMID: 26497474 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m063784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells synthesize various sterol molecules, including the C30 sterol, lanosterol, as cholesterol precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum. The build-up of precursor sterols, including lanosterol, displays cellular toxicity. Precursor sterols are found in plasma HDL. How these structurally different sterols are released from cells is poorly understood. Here, we show that newly synthesized precursor sterols arriving at the plasma membrane (PM) are removed by extracellular apoA-I in a manner dependent on ABCA1, a key macromolecule for HDL biogenesis. Analysis of sterol molecules by GC-MS and tracing the fate of radiolabeled acetate-derived sterols in normal and mutant Niemann-Pick type C cells reveal that ABCA1 prefers newly synthesized sterols, especially lanosterol, as the substrates before they are internalized from the PM. We also show that ABCA1 resides in a cholesterol-rich membrane domain resistant to the mild detergent, Brij 98. Blocking ACAT activity increases the cholesterol contents of this domain. Newly synthesized C29/C30 sterols are transiently enriched within this domain, but rapidly disappear from this domain with a half-life of less than 1 h. Our work shows that substantial amounts of precursor sterols are transported to a certain PM domain and are removed by the ABCA1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Nutritional Health Science Research Center and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
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12
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ZHOU LINGYAN, LI CONGCONG, GAO LING, WANG AIHONG. High-density lipoprotein synthesis and metabolism (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4015-4021. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Zhao Y, Ishigami M, Nagao K, Hanada K, Kono N, Arai H, Matsuo M, Kioka N, Ueda K. ABCB4 exports phosphatidylcholine in a sphingomyelin-dependent manner. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:644-652. [PMID: 25601960 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m056622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCB4, which is specifically expressed on the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, exports phosphatidylcholine (PC) into bile. Because SM depletion increases cellular PC content and stimulates PC and cholesterol efflux by ABCA1, a key transporter involved in generation of HDL, we predicted that SM depletion also stimulates PC efflux through ABCB4. To test this prediction, we compared the lipid efflux activity of ABCB4 and ABCA1 under SM depletion induced by two different types of inhibitors for SM synthesis, myriocin and (1R,3S)-N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl)dodecanamide, in human embryonic kidney 293 and baby hamster kidney cells. Unexpectedly, SM depletion exerted opposite effects on ABCB4 and ABCA1, suppressing PC efflux through ABCB4 while stimulating efflux through ABCA1. Both ABCB4 and ABCA1 were recovered from Triton-X-100-soluble membranes, but ABCB4 was mainly recovered from CHAPS-insoluble SM-rich membranes, whereas ABCA1 was recovered from CHAPS-soluble membranes. These results suggest that a SM-rich membrane environment is required for ABCB4 to function. ABCB4 must have evolved to exert its maximum activity in the SM-rich membrane environment of the canalicular membrane, where it transports PC as the physiological substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Ishigami
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michinori Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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14
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Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies revealed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. There are several well-documented HDL functions such as reversed cholesterol transport, inhibition of inflammation, or inhibition of platelet activation that may account for the atheroprotective effects of this lipoprotein. Mechanistically, these functions are carried out by a direct interaction of HDL particle or its components with receptors localized on the cell surface followed by generation of intracellular signals. Several HDL-associated receptor ligands such as apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) or sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been identified in addition to HDL holoparticles, which interact with surface receptors such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1); S1P receptor types 1, 2, and 3 (S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3); or scavenger receptor type I (SR-BI) and activate intracellular signaling cascades encompassing kinases, phospholipases, trimeric and small G-proteins, and cytoskeletal proteins such as actin or junctional protein such as connexin43. In addition, depletion of plasma cell cholesterol mediated by ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), or SR-BI was demonstrated to indirectly inhibit signaling over proinflammatory or proliferation-stimulating receptors such as Toll-like or growth factor receptors. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the HDL-induced signal transduction and its relevance to athero- and cardioprotective effects as well as other physiological effects exerted by HDL.
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Neutrophil effector responses are suppressed by secretory phospholipase A2 modified HDL. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:184-93. [PMID: 25463476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) generates bioactive lysophospholipids implicated in acute and chronic inflammation, but the pathophysiologic role of sPLA2 is poorly understood. Given that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the major substrate for sPLA2 in plasma, we investigated the effects of sPLA2-mediated modification of HDL (sPLA2-HDL) on neutrophil function, an essential arm of the innate immune response and atherosclerosis. Treatment of neutrophils with sPLA2-HDL rapidly prevented agonist-induced neutrophil activation, including shape change, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, CD11b activation, adhesion under flow and migration of neutrophils. The cholesterol-mobilizing activity of sPLA2-HDL was markedly increased when compared to native HDL, promoting a significant reduction of cholesterol-rich signaling microdomains integral to cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, sPLA2-HDL effectively suppressed agonist-induced rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels. Native HDL showed no significant effects and removing lysophospholipids from sPLA2-HDL abolished all anti-inflammatory activities. Overall, our studies suggest that the increased cholesterol-mobilizing activity of sPLA2-HDL and suppression of rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ levels are likely mechanism that counteracts agonist-induced activation of neutrophils. These counterintuitive findings imply that neutrophil trafficking and effector responses are altered by sPLA2-HDL during inflammatory conditions.
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Yin K, Agrawal DK. High-density lipoprotein: a novel target for antirestenosis therapy. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 7:500-11. [PMID: 25043950 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis is an integral pathological process central to the recurrent vessel narrowing after interventional procedures. Although the mechanisms for restenosis are diverse in different pathological conditions, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, and myofibroblasts transition have been thought to play crucial role in the development of restenosis. Indeed, there is an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, relatively studies on the direct assessment of HDL effect on restenosis are limited. In addition to involvement in the cholesterol reverse transport, many vascular protective effects of HDL, including protection of endothelium, antiinflammation, antithrombus actions, inhibition of SMC proliferation, and regulation by adventitial effects may contribute to the inhibition of restenosis, though the exact relationships between HDL and restenosis remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the vascular protective effects of HDL, emphasizing the potential role of HDL in intimal hyperplasia and vascular remodeling, which may provide novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for antirestenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Ito JI, Nagayasu Y, Miura Y, Yokoyama S, Michikawa M. Astrocyte׳s endogenous apoE generates HDL-like lipoproteins using previously synthesized cholesterol through interaction with ABCA1. Brain Res 2014; 1570:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Gulshan K, Smith J. Sphingomyelin regulation of plasma membrane asymmetry, efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Gulshan K, Brubaker G, Wang S, Hazen SL, Smith JD. Sphingomyelin depletion impairs anionic phospholipid inward translocation and induces cholesterol efflux. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:37166-79. [PMID: 24220029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.512244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylserine (PS) floppase activity (outward translocation) of ABCA1 leads to plasma membrane remodeling that plays a role in lipid efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) generating nascent high density lipoprotein. The Tangier disease W590S ABCA1 mutation has defective PS floppase activity and diminished cholesterol efflux activity. Here, we report that depletion of sphingomyelin by inhibitors or sphingomyelinase caused plasma membrane remodeling, leading to defective flip (inward translocation) of PS, higher PS exposure, and higher cholesterol efflux from cells by both ABCA1-dependent and ABCA1-independent mechanisms. Mechanistically, sphingomyelin was connected to PS translocation in cell-free liposome studies that showed that sphingomyelin increased the rate of spontaneous PS flipping. Depletion of sphingomyelin in stably transfected HEK293 cells expressing the Tangier disease W590S mutant ABCA1 isoform rescued the defect in PS exposure and restored cholesterol efflux to apoAI. Liposome studies showed that PS directly increased cholesterol accessibility to extraction by cyclodextrin, providing the mechanistic link between cell surface PS and cholesterol efflux. We conclude that altered plasma membrane environment conferred by depleting sphingomyelin impairs PS flip and promotes cholesterol efflux in ABCA1-dependent and -independent manners.
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Sala F, Cutuli L, Grigore L, Pirillo A, Chiesa G, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Prevalence of classical CD14++/CD16− but not of intermediate CD14++/CD16+ monocytes in hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2886-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Sahu U, Mohapatra BN, Kar SK, Ranjit M. Promoter polymorphisms in the ATP binding cassette transporter gene influence production of cell-derived microparticles and are highly associated with susceptibility to severe malaria in humans. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1287-94. [PMID: 23381994 PMCID: PMC3639614 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01175-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticle (MP) efflux is known to be mediated by the ABCA1 protein, and the plasma level of these cell-derived MPs is elevated considerably during human malarial infection. Therefore, two polymorphisms at positions -477 and -320 in the promoter of the ABCA1 gene were genotyped and tested for association with the plasma MP level in four groups of malaria patients segregated according to the clinical severity, i.e., cerebral malaria (CM), multiorgan dysfunction (MOD), noncerebral severe malaria, and uncomplicated malaria (UM). The TruCount tube-based flow cytometric method was used for the exact quantification of different cell-derived MPs in patients. Polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene promoter were analyzed by use of the PCR/two-primer-pair method, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in 428 malaria patients. The level of circulating plasma MPs was significantly higher in febrile patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially in CM patients compared to healthy individuals. The homozygous wild-type -477 and -320 genotype was observed to be significantly higher in patients with severe malaria. These patients also showed marked increases in the plasma MP numbers compared to UM patients. We report here for the first time an association of ABCA1 promoter polymorphisms with susceptibility to severe malaria, especially to CM and MOD, indicating the protective effect of the mutant variant of the polymorphism. We hypothesize that the -477T and -320G polymorphisms affect the downregulation of MP efflux and may be a predictor of organ complication during P. falciparum malarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | | | - Shantanu K. Kar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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22
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Berrougui H, Loued S, Khalil A. Purified human paraoxonase-1 interacts with plasma membrane lipid rafts and mediates cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1372-81. [PMID: 22336243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated serum enzyme thought to make a major contribution to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of HDLs. However, the role of PON1 in the modulation of cholesterol efflux is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of PON1 in the regulation of cholesterol efflux, especially the mechanism by which it modulates HDL-mediated cholesterol transport. The enrichment of HDL(3) with human PON1 enhanced, in a dose-dependent manner, cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophage-like cells and ABCA1-enriched J774 macrophages. Moreover, an additive effect was observed when ABCA1-enriched J774 macrophages were incubated with both PON1 and apo-AI. Interestingly, PON1 alone was able to mediate cholesterol efflux from J774 macrophages and to upregulate ABCA1 expression on J774 macrophages. Immunofluorescence measurement showed an increase in PON1 levels in the cytoplasm of J774 macrophages overexpressing ABCA1. PON1 used an apo-AI-like mechanism to modulate cholesterol efflux from rapid and slow efflux pools derived from the lipid raft and nonraft domains of the plasma membrane, respectively. This was supported by the fact that ABCA1 protein was incrementally expressed by J774 macrophages within the first few hours of incubation with cholesterol-loaded J774 macrophages and that cyclodextrin significantly inhibited the capacity of PON1 to modulate cholesterol efflux from macrophages. This finding suggested that PON1 plays an important role in the antiatherogenic properties of HDLs and may exert its protective function outside the lipoprotein environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Berrougui
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada QC J1H 4C4
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23
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Larsson K, Quinn P, Sato K, Tiberg F. Lipids of biological membranes. Lipids 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857097910.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Ito JI, Nagayasu Y, Kheirollah A, Abe-Dohmae S, Yokoyama S. ApoA-I enhances generation of HDL-like lipoproteins through interaction between ABCA1 and phospholipase Cγ in rat astrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:1062-9. [PMID: 21907307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the previous paper, we reported that apolipoprotein (apo) A-I enhances generation of HDL-like lipoproteins in rat astrocytes to be accompanied with both increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ (PL-Cγ) and PL-Cγ translocation to cytosolic lipid-protein particles (CLPP) fraction. In this paper, we studied the interaction between apoA-I and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) to relate with PL-Cγ function for generation of HDL-like lipoproteins in the apoA-I-stimulated astrocytes. ABCA1 co-migrated with exogenous apoA-I with apparent molecular weight over 260kDa on SDS-PAGE when rat astrocytes were treated with apoA-I and then with a cross-linker, BS3. The solubilized ABCA1 of rat astrocytes was associated with the apoA-I-immobilized Affi-Gel 15. An LXR agonist, To901317, increased the cellular level of ABCA1, association of apoA-I with ABCA1 and apoA-I-mediated lipid release in rat astrocytoma GA-1/Mock cells where ABCA1 expression at baseline is very low. PL-Cγ was co-isolated by apoA-I-immobilized Affi-Gel 15 and co-immunoprecipitated by anti-ABCA1 antibody along with ABCA1 from the solubilized membrane fraction of rat astrocytes. The SiRNA of ABCA1 suppressed not only the PL-Cγ binding to ABCA1 but also the tyrosine phosphorylation of PL-Cγ. A PL-C inhibitor, U73122, prevented generation of apoA-I-mediated HDL-like lipoproteins in rat astrocytes. To901317 increased the association of PL-Cγ with ABCA1 in GA-1/Mock cells dependently on the increase of cellular level of ABCA1 without changing that of PL-Cγ. These findings suggest that the exogenous apoA-I augments the interaction between PL-Cγ and ABCA1 to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PL-Cγ for generation of HDL-like lipoproteins in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-ichi Ito
- Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. jitoh@@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
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25
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Nagao K, Tomioka M, Ueda K. Function and regulation of ABCA1 - membrane meso-domain organization and reorganization. FEBS J 2011; 278:3190-203. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Chièze L, Bolanos-Garcia VM, Pinot M, Desbat B, Renault A, Beaufils S, Vié V. Fluid and condensed ApoA-I/phospholipid monolayers provide insights into ApoA-I membrane insertion. J Mol Biol 2011; 410:60-76. [PMID: 21510960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is a protein implicated in the solubilization of lipids and cholesterol from cellular membranes. The study of ApoA-I in phospholipid (PL) monolayers brings relevant information about ApoA-I/PL interactions. We investigated the influence of PL charge and acyl chain organization on the interaction with ApoA-I using dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol monolayers coupled to ellipsometric, surface pressure, atomic force microscopy and infrared (polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy) measurements. We show that monolayer compressibility is the major factor controlling protein insertion into PL monolayers and show evidence of the requirement of a minimal distance between lipid headgroups for insertion to occur, Moreover, we demonstrate that ApoA-I inserts deepest at the highest compressibility of the protein monolayer and that the presence of an anionic headgroup increases the amount of protein inserted in the PL monolayer and prevents the steric constrains imposed by the spacing of the headgroup. We also defined the geometry of protein clusters into the lipid monolayer by atomic force microscopy and show evidence of the geometry dependence upon the lipid charge and the distance between headgroups. Finally, we show that ApoA-I helices have a specific orientation when associated to form clusters and that this is influenced by the character of PL charges. Taken together, our results suggest that the interaction of ApoA-I with the cellular membrane may be driven by a mechanism that resembles that of antimicrobial peptide/lipid interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Chièze
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6251 Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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Sphingolipid profiling of human plasma and FPLC-separated lipoprotein fractions by hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Jiang XC, Goldberg IJ, Park TS. Sphingolipids and cardiovascular diseases: lipoprotein metabolism, atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 721:19-39. [PMID: 21910080 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0650-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease is widely believed to develop from two pathological processes. Circulating lipoproteins containing the nondegradable lipid, cholesterol, accumulate within the arterial wall and perhaps are oxidized to more toxic lipids. Both lipid accumulation and vascular reaction to the lipids lead to the gradual thickening of the vascular wall. A second major process that in some circumstances is a primary event is the development of a local inflammatory reaction. This might be a reaction to vessel wall injury that accompanies infections, immune disease, and perhaps diabetes and renal failure. In this chapter, we will focus on the relationship between de novo synthesis of sphingolipids and lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded cells is a key athero-protective event that counteracts cholesterol uptake. The imbalance between cholesterol efflux and uptake determines the prevention or development of atherosclerosis. Many proteins and factors participate in the cholesterol efflux event. However, there are currently no systematic models of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) that include most RCT-related factors and events. On the basis of recent research findings from other and our laboratories, we propose a novel model of one center and four systems with coupling transportation and networking regulation. This model represents a common way of cholesterol efflux; however, the systems in the model consist of different proteins/factors in different cells. In this review, we evaluate the novel model in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, which are the most important original cells of foam cells. This novel model consists of 1) a caveolae transport center, 2) an intracellular trafficking system of the caveolin-1 complex, 3) a transmembrane transport system of the ABC-A1 complex, 4) a transmembrane transport system of the SR-B1 complex, and 5) an extracelluar trafficking system of HDL/Apo-A1. In brief, the caveolin-1 system transports cholesterol from intracellular compartments to caveolae. Subsequently, both ABC-A1 and SR-B1 complex systems transfer cholesterol from caveolae to extracellular HDL/Apo-A1. The four systems are linked by a regulatory network. This model provides a simple and concise way to understand the dynamic process of atherosclerosis.
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Higashi N, Matsumura Y, Mizuno F, Kasahara K, Sugiura S, Mikasa K, Kita E. Enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in non-rafts decreases the sensitivity of vascular endothelial cells to Shiga toxin. Microb Pathog 2010; 49:141-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Sánchez SA, Tricerri MA, Ossato G, Gratton E. Lipid packing determines protein-membrane interactions: challenges for apolipoprotein A-I and high density lipoproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1798:1399-408. [PMID: 20347719 PMCID: PMC2883020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein and protein-lipid interactions, with and within specific areas in the cell membrane, are critical in order to modulate the cell signaling events required to maintain cell functions and viability. Biological bilayers are complex, dynamic platforms, and thus in vivo observations usually need to be preceded by studies on model systems that simplify and discriminate the different factors involved in lipid-protein interactions. Fluorescence microscopy studies using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as membrane model systems provide a unique methodology to quantify protein binding, interaction, and lipid solubilization in artificial bilayers. The large size of lipid domains obtainable on GUVs, together with fluorescence microscopy techniques, provides the possibility to localize and quantify molecular interactions. Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) can be performed using the GUV model to extract information on mobility and concentration. Two-photon Laurdan Generalized Polarization (GP) reports on local changes in membrane water content (related to membrane fluidity) due to protein binding or lipid removal from a given lipid domain. In this review, we summarize the experimental microscopy methods used to study the interaction of human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in lipid-free and lipid-bound conformations with bilayers and natural membranes. Results described here help us to understand cholesterol homeostasis and offer a methodological design suited to different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Sánchez
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics (LFD), University of California at Irvine, Biomedical Engineering Department, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA.
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32
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Smoak KA, Aloor JJ, Madenspacher J, Merrick BA, Collins JB, Zhu X, Cavigiolio G, Oda MN, Parks JS, Fessler MB. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 couples reverse cholesterol transport to inflammation. Cell Metab 2010; 11:493-502. [PMID: 20519121 PMCID: PMC3091482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crosstalk exists in mammalian cells between cholesterol trafficking and innate immune signaling. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a serum apolipoprotein that induces antiatherogenic efflux of macrophage cholesterol, is widely described as anti-inflammatory because it neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Conversely, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation is proatherogenic. However, whether innate immunity plays an endogenous, physiological role in host cholesterol homeostasis in the absence of infection is undetermined. We report that apoA-I signals in the macrophage through Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and CD14, utilizing myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent pathways, to activate nuclear factor-kappaB and induce cytokines. MyD88 plays a critical role in reverse cholesterol transport in vitro and in vivo, in part through promoting ATP-binding cassette A1 transporter upregulation. Taken together, this work identifies apoA-I as an endogenous stimulus of innate immunity that couples cholesterol trafficking to inflammation through MyD88 and identifies innate immunity as a physiologic signal in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Smoak
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | - Jim J. Aloor
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | | | - B. Alex Merrick
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
| | | | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Pathology/Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 U.S.A
| | | | - Michael N. Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609 U.S.A
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Pathology/Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 U.S.A
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 U.S.A
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Lindner R, Knorr R. Rafting trips into the cell. Commun Integr Biol 2010; 2:420-1. [PMID: 19907706 DOI: 10.4161/cib.2.5.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are small, heterogeneous and short-lived assemblies of cholesterol, sphingolipids and few proteins in biological membranes. They can be converted to larger and more permanent membrane domains by coalescence. Cells appear to be able to modulate the size and the longevity of lipid rafts and thus exploit the local enrichment of membrane components for processes ranging from signaling to intracellular sorting and transport. In a recent paper, we provided evidence for the internalization of MHC I and MHC II along two distinct endocytosis pathways in mouse B-lymphocytes. Both pathways were much more dependent on membrane cholesterol than the clathrin-mediated uptake of transferrin receptor, which implicated lipid rafts in the internalization of MHC molecules. Indeed, MHC I and MHC II prefer distinct raft-like membrane environments as revealed by a co-clustering analysis with the sphingolipids G(M)1 and G(M)2. Moreover, MHC I and MHC II distributed to different types of detergent resistant membranes (DRMs) prepared by a novel detergent extraction procedure. In this article addendum we discuss the relationship between DRMs, small lipid rafts and stabilized rafts/membrane domains and propose a role for membrane domains in the endocytosis of MHC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lindner
- Department of Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hanover, Germany.
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34
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Auriac A, Willemetz A, Canonne-Hergaux F. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis: a new route for hepcidin-mediated regulation of ferroportin in macrophages. Haematologica 2010; 95:1269-77. [PMID: 20220061 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2009.019992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the iron exporter ferroportin at the plasma membrane of macrophages is enhanced by iron loading and is decreased by hepcidin. We previously showed that ferroportin is present in specific cell surface domains suggestive of lipid rafts. Herein, we have clarified the localization of ferroportin in macrophage membranes and tested whether raft-mediated endocytosis plays a role in hepcidin activity. DESIGN AND METHODS Raft/detergent-resistant membranes from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and J774a1 cells were analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of lipid raft- or clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors was studied on hepcidin activity. For this purpose, after treatment, ferroportin expression was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, Western blotting of total protein extracts or plasma membrane protein samples, and by quantitative immunofluorescence assay (In-Cell-Western). RESULTS Macrophage ferroportin was mostly detected in detergent-resistant membranes containing raft markers (caveolin 1, flotillin 1). Interestingly, iron overload strongly increased the presence of ferroportin in the lightest raft fraction. Moreover, lipid raft breakdown by cholesterol sequestration (filipin) or depletion (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) decreased hepcidin activity on macrophage ferroportin. Cell surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence studies indicated that the process of both hepcidin mediated endocytosis and degradation of ferroportin were affected. By contrast, the inhibition of clathrin dependent endocytosis did not interfere with hepcidin effect. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage ferroportin is present in lipid rafts which contribute to hepcidin activity. These observations reveal the existence of a new cellular pathway in hepcidin mediated degradation of ferroportin and open a new area of investigation in mammalian iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Auriac
- Centre de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, UPR 2301, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ICSN, Equipe 34, Bâtiment 27, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France.
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Schmitz G, Grandl M. The molecular mechanisms of HDL and associated vesicular trafficking mechanisms to mediate cellular lipid homeostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 29:1718-22. [PMID: 19846837 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.179507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
HDL functions mainly as a cholesterol scavenger, facilitating transport of cholesterol to the liver for conversion to bile acids and secretion into the bile for elimination or recycling in the enterohepatic bile acid cycle. Because of its major function in cholesterol clearance, HDL is in general considered to be atheroprotective. From cell cholesterol can be removed by efflux especially to apoA-I and HDL as extracellular acceptors which transport the cholesterol to the liver for excretion. This process is called reverse cholesterol transport. In this context the ATP binding cassette transporter protein ABCA1 facilitates cellular cholesterol and phospholipid release to apoA-I-containing HDL precursors. In addition ABCA1 plays a role in vesicular lipid transport mechanisms required for HDL particle formation. In general to maintain intracellular lipid homeostasis, sterols and associated lipids move between cellular compartments by vesicular and nonvesicular pathways. However, cholesterol sorting on vesicle formation is poorly understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of HDL and associated vesicular trafficking mechanisms to mediate cellular lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Fitzgerald ML, Mujawar Z, Tamehiro N. ABC transporters, atherosclerosis and inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:361-70. [PMID: 20138281 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, driven by inflamed lipid-laden lesions, can occlude the coronary arteries and lead to myocardial infarction. This chronic disease is a major and expensive health burden. However, the body is able to mobilize and excrete cholesterol and other lipids, thus preventing atherosclerosis by a process termed reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Insight into the mechanism of RCT has been gained by the study of two rare syndromes caused by the mutation of ABC transporter loci. In Tangier disease, loss of ABCA1 prevents cells from exporting cholesterol and phospholipid, thus resulting in the build-up of cholesterol in the peripheral tissues and a loss of circulating HDL. Consistent with HDL being an athero-protective particle, Tangier patients are more prone to develop atherosclerosis. Likewise, sitosterolemia is another inherited syndrome associated with premature atherosclerosis. Here mutations in either the ABCG5 or G8 loci, prevents hepatocytes and enterocytes from excreting cholesterol and plant sterols, including sitosterol, into the bile and intestinal lumen. Thus, ABCG5 and G8, which from a heterodimer, constitute a transporter that excretes cholesterol and dietary sterols back into the gut, while ABCA1 functions to export excess cell cholesterol and phospholipid during the biogenesis of HDL. Interestingly, a third protein, ABCG1, that has been shown to have anti-atherosclerotic activity in mice, may also act to transfer cholesterol to mature HDL particles. Here we review the relationship between the lipid transport activities of these proteins and their anti-atherosclerotic effect, particularly how they may reduce inflammatory signaling pathways. Of particular interest are recent reports that indicate both ABCA1 and ABCG1 modulate cell surface cholesterol levels and inhibit its partitioning into lipid rafts. Given lipid rafts may provide platforms for innate immune receptors to respond to inflammatory signals, it follows that loss of ABCA1 and ABCG1 by increasing raft content will increase signaling through these receptors, as has been experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, additional reports indicate ABCA1, and possibly SR-BI, another HDL receptor, may directly act as anti-inflammatory receptors independent of their lipid transport activities. Finally, we give an update on the progress and pitfalls of therapeutic approaches that seek to stimulate the flux of lipids through the RCT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Fitzgerald
- Lipid Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Wang SH, Yuan SG, Peng DQ, Zhao SP. High-density lipoprotein affects antigen presentation by interfering with lipid raft: a promising anti-atherogenic strategy. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 160:137-42. [PMID: 20059478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Immunomodulation of atherosclerosis emerges as a promising approach to prevention and treatment of this widely prevalent disease. The function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to promote reverse cholesterol transport may explain the ability of its protection against atherosclerosis. Findings that HDL and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) inhibited the ability of antigen presenting cells (APCs) to stimulate T cells might be attributed to lipid raft, a cholesterol-rich microdomain exhibiting functional properties depending largely upon its lipid composition. Thus, modulating cholesterol in lipid raft may provide a promising anti-atherogenic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Corbeil D, Marzesco AM, Fargeas CA, Huttner WB. Prominin-1: a distinct cholesterol-binding membrane protein and the organisation of the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Subcell Biochem 2010; 51:399-423. [PMID: 20213552 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8622-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The apical plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells is composed of distinct subdomains, that is, planar regions and protrusions (microvilli, primary cilium), each of which are constructed from specific membrane microdomains. Assemblies containing the pentaspan glycoprotein prominin-1 and certain membrane lipids, notably cholesterol, are characteristic features of these microdomains in apical membrane protrusions. Here we highlight the recent findings concerning the molecular architecture of the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells and its dynamics. The latter is illustrated by the budding and fission of prominin-1-containing membrane vesicles from apical plasma membrane protrusions, which is controlled, at least in part, by the level of membrane cholesterol and the cholesterol-dependent organization of membrane microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, BIOTEC, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Ugocsai P, Hohenstatt A, Paragh G, Liebisch G, Langmann T, Wolf Z, Weiss T, Groitl P, Dobner T, Kasprzak P, Göbölös L, Falkert A, Seelbach-Goebel B, Gellhaus A, Winterhager E, Schmidt M, Semenza GL, Schmitz G. HIF-1beta determines ABCA1 expression under hypoxia in human macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 42:241-52. [PMID: 19828131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 plays (ABCA1) a major role in reverse cholesterol transport, a process closely related to atherogenesis. In the thickening atherosclerotic lesions lipid loaded macrophages are exposed to regions of local hypoxia that may influence reverse cholesterol transport. Here we studied the effect of hypoxia on ABCA1 regulation and cholesterol efflux in human macrophages. We found that the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) specifically binds to the HIF-1 response element of the ABCA1 promoter and the HIF-1 complex increases ABCA1 promoter activity along with ABCA1 expression. Primary human macrophages exposed to hypoxia or expressing constitutively active HIF-1alpha responded with a potent change in ABCA1 expression, which showed a strong correlation with HIF-1beta expression (r: 0.95-0.91). Moreover, ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was also found to be regulated by HIF-1beta under hypoxia. In vivo, in macrophages prepared from human atherosclerotic lesions ABCA1 levels showed a strong correlation with HIF-1beta expression. This in vivo regulatory mechanism was confirmed in human pre-eclamptic placentas, a clinical condition with severe local hypoxia. These results demonstrate that HIF-1beta availability determines ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in macrophages under hypoxia and may contribute to the interpersonal variability of atherosclerotic lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ugocsai
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
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40
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Jiang XC, Yeang C, Li Z, Chakraborty M, Liu J, Zhang H, Fan Y. Sphingomyelin biosynthesis: its impact on lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Klappe K, Hummel I, Hoekstra D, Kok JW. Lipid dependence of ABC transporter localization and function. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 161:57-64. [PMID: 19651114 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts have been implicated in many cellular functions, including protein and lipid transport and signal transduction. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have also been localized in these membrane domains. In this review the evidence for this specific localization will be evaluated and discussed in terms of relevance to ABC transporter function. We will focus on three ABC transporters of the A, B and C subfamily, respectively. Two of these transporters are relevant to multidrug resistance in tumor cells (Pgp/ABCB1 and MRP1/ABCC1), while the third (ABCA1) is extensively studied in relation to the reverse cholesterol pathway and cellular cholesterol homeostasis. We will attempt to derive a generalized model of lipid rafts to which they associate based on the use of various different lipid raft isolation procedures. In the context of lipid rafts, modulation of ABC transporter localization and function by two relevant lipid classes, i.e. sphingolipids and cholesterol, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Klappe
- Department of Cell Biology, Section Membrane Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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Transport of lipids by ABC proteins: interactions and implications for cellular toxicity, viability and function. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:327-39. [PMID: 19426719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of membrane-bound transporters are involved in multiple aspects of transport and redistribution of various lipids and their conjugates. Most ABC transporters localize to the plasma membrane; some are associated with liquid-ordered cholesterol-/sphingolipid-rich microdomains, and to a lesser extent the membranes of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Hence, ABC transporters are well placed to regulate plasma membrane lipid composition and the efflux and redistribution of structural phospholipids and sphingolipids during periods of cellular stress and recovery. ABC transporters can also modulate cellular sensitivity to extrinsic pro-apoptotic signals through regulation of sphingomyelin-ceramide biosynthesis and metabolism. The functionality of ABC transporters is, in turn, modulated by the lipid content of the microdomains in which they reside. Cholesterol, a major membrane microdomain component, is not only a substrate of several ABC transporters, but also regulates ABC activity through its effects on microdomain structure. Several important bioactive lipid mediators and toxic lipid metabolites are also effluxed by ABC transporters. In this review, the complex interactions between ABC transporters and their lipid/sterol substrates will be discussed and analyzed in the context of their relevance to cellular function, toxicity and apoptosis.
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McIntosh AL, Atshaves BP, Huang H, Gallegos AM, Kier AB, Schroeder F. Fluorescence techniques using dehydroergosterol to study cholesterol trafficking. Lipids 2008; 43:1185-208. [PMID: 18536950 PMCID: PMC2606672 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol itself has very few structural/chemical features suitable for real-time imaging in living cells. Thus, the advent of dehydroergosterol [ergosta-5,7,9(11),22-tetraen-3beta-ol, DHE] the fluorescent sterol most structurally and functionally similar to cholesterol to date, has proven to be a major asset for real-time probing/elucidating the sterol environment and intracellular sterol trafficking in living organisms. DHE is a naturally occurring, fluorescent sterol analog that faithfully mimics many of the properties of cholesterol. Because these properties are very sensitive to sterol structure and degradation, such studies require the use of extremely pure (>98%) quantities of fluorescent sterol. DHE is readily bound by cholesterol-binding proteins, is incorporated into lipoproteins (from the diet of animals or by exchange in vitro), and for real-time imaging studies is easily incorporated into cultured cells where it co-distributes with endogenous sterol. Incorporation from an ethanolic stock solution to cell culture media is effective, but this process forms an aqueous dispersion of DHE crystals which can result in endocytic cellular uptake and distribution into lysosomes which is problematic in imaging DHE at the plasma membrane of living cells. In contrast, monomeric DHE can be incorporated from unilamellar vesicles by exchange/fusion with the plasma membrane or from DHE-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DHE-MbetaCD) complexes by exchange with the plasma membrane. Both of the latter techniques can deliver large quantities of monomeric DHE with significant distribution into the plasma membrane. The properties and behavior of DHE in protein-binding, lipoproteins, model membranes, biological membranes, lipid rafts/caveolae, and real-time imaging in living cells indicate that this naturally occurring fluorescent sterol is a useful mimic for probing the properties of cholesterol in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery L. McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Barbara P. Atshaves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
| | - Adalberto M. Gallegos
- Department of Pathobiology Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Ann B. Kier
- Department of Pathobiology Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4467
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University, TVMC College Station, TX 77843-4466
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Distinct membrane compartmentalization and signaling of ephrin-A5 and ephrin-B1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:362-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wiesner P, Leidl K, Boettcher A, Schmitz G, Liebisch G. Lipid profiling of FPLC-separated lipoprotein fractions by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2008; 50:574-585. [PMID: 18832345 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d800028-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species and their bioactive metabolites are important regulators of lipoprotein and cell function. The aim of the study was to develop a method for lipid species profiling of separated lipoprotein classes. Human serum lipoproteins VLDL, LDL, and HDL of 21 healthy fasting blood donors were separated by fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) from 50 microl serum. Subsequently, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin (SM), ceramide (CER), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), PE-based plasmalogen (PE-pl), cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester (CE) content of the separated lipoproteins was quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Analysis of FPLC fractions with PAGE demonstrated that albumin partially coelutes with HDL fractions. However, analysis of an HDL deficient serum (Tangier disease) showed that only lysophosphatidylcholine, but none of the other lipids analyzed, exhibited a significant coelution with the albumin containing fractions. Approximately 60% of lipoprotein CER were found in LDL fractions and 60% of PC, PE, and plasmalogens in HDL fractions. VLDL, LDL, and HDL displayed characteristic lipid class and species pattern. The developed method provides a detailed lipid class and species composition of lipoprotein fractions and may serve as a valuable tool to identify alterations of lipoprotein lipid species profiles in disease with a reasonable experimental effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wiesner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Leidl
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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Paul V, Meyer HHD, Leidl K, Soumian S, Albrecht C. A novel enzyme immunoassay specific for ABCA1 protein quantification in human tissues and cells. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:2259-67. [PMID: 18541924 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d700040-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates the transport of cholesterol and phospholipids from cells to lipid-poor HDL and maintains cellular lipid homeostasis. Impaired ABCA1 function plays a role in lipid disorders, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders. Despite the clinical importance of ABCA1, no method is available for quantifying ABCA1 protein. We developed a sensitive indirect competitive ELISA for measuring ABCA1 protein in human tissues using a commercial ABCA1 peptide and a polyclonal anti-ABCA1 antibody. The ELISA has a detection limit of 8 ng/well (0.08 mg/l) with a working range of 9-1000 ng/well (0.09-10 mg/l). Intra- and interassay coefficient of variations (CVs) were 6.4% and 9.6%, respectively. Good linearity (r = 0.97-0.99) was recorded in serial dilutions of human arterial and placental crude membrane preparations, and fibroblast lysates. The ELISA measurements for ABCA1 quantification in reference arterial tissues corresponded well with immunoblot analysis. The assay performance and clinical utility was evaluated with arterial tissues obtained from 15 controls and 44 patients with atherosclerotic plaques. ABCA1 protein concentrations in tissue lysates were significantly lower in patients (n = 24) as compared with controls (n = 5; 9.37 +/- 0.82 vs. 17.03 +/- 4.25 microg/g tissue; P < 0.01). The novel ELISA enables the quantification of ABCA1 protein in human tissues and confirms previous semiquantitative immunoblot results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paul
- Physiology Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85350 Freising, Germany
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Gombos I, Steinbach G, Pomozi I, Balogh A, Vámosi G, Gansen A, László G, Garab G, Matkó J. Some new faces of membrane microdomains: a complex confocal fluorescence, differential polarization, and FCS imaging study on live immune cells. Cytometry A 2008; 73:220-9. [PMID: 18163467 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-rich plasma membrane microdomains, which control signal transduction, cellular contacts, pathogen recognition, and internalization processes. Their stability/lifetime, heterogeneity remained still controversial, mostly due to the high diversity of raft markers and cellular models. The correspondence of the rafts of living cells to liquid ordered (Lo) domains of model membranes and the effect of modulating rafts on the structural dynamics of their bulk membrane environment are also yet unresolved questions. Spatial overlap of various lipid and protein raft markers on live cells was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy, while fluorescence polarization of DiIC18(3) and Bodipy-phosphatidylcholine was imaged with differential polarization CLSM (DP-CLSM). Mobility of the diI probe under different conditions was assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopic (FCS). GM1 gangliosides highly colocalized with GPI-linked protein markers of rafts and a new anti-cholesterol antibody (AC8) in various immune cells. On the same cells, albeit not fully excluded from rafts, diI colocalized much less with raft markers of both lipid and protein nature, suggesting the Lo membrane regions are not equivalents to lipid rafts. The DP-CLSM technique was capable of imaging probe orientation and heterogeneity of polarization in the plasma membrane of live cells, reflecting differences in lipid order/packing. This property--in accordance with diI mobility assessed by FCS--was sensitive to modulation of rafts either through their lipids or proteins. Our complex imaging analysis demonstrated that two lipid probes--G(M1) and a new anti-cholesterol antibody--equivocally label the membrane rafts on a variety of cell types, while some raft-associated proteins (MHC-II, CD48, CD59, or CD90) do not colocalize with each other. This indicates the compositional heterogeneity of rafts. Usefulness of the DP-CLSM technique in imaging immune cell surface, in terms of lipid order/packing heterogeneities, was also shown together with its sensitivity to monitor biological modulation of lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Gombos
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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André A, Gaibelet G, Le Guyader L, Welby M, Lopez A, Lebrun C. Membrane partitioning of various delta-opioid receptor forms before and after agonist activations: the effect of cholesterol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2008; 1778:1483-92. [PMID: 18423369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts depicted as densely packed and thicker membrane microdomains, based on the dynamic clustering of cholesterol and sphingolipids, may help as platforms involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. The reasons why proteins segregate into rafts are yet to be clarified. The human delta opioid receptor (hDOR) reconstituted in a model system has been characterised after ligand binding by an elongation of its transmembrane part, inducing rearrangement of its lipid microenvironment [Alves, Salamon, Hruby, and Tollin (2005) Biochemistry 44, 9168-9178]. We used hDOR to understand better the correlation between its function and its membrane microdomain localisation. A fusion protein of hDOR with the Green Fluorescent Protein (DOR*) allows precise receptor membrane quantification. Here we report that (i) a fraction of the total receptor pool requires cholesterol for binding activity, (ii) G-proteins stabilize a high affinity state conformation which does not seem modulated by cholesterol. In relation to its distribution, and (iii) a fraction of DOR* is constitutively associated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) characterised by an enrichment in lipids and proteins raft markers. (iv) An increase in the quantity of DOR* was observed upon agonist addition. (v) This DRM relocation is prevented by uncoupling the receptor-G-protein interaction.
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Abstract
The combined effects of cholesterol, a major cell membrane component, and the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol on the activity of protein kinase C (PK-C) and the structure of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine bilayers were investigated using specific PK-C assays and (2)H NMR. Whereas the classical activation of PK-C was observed as an effect of diacylglycerol, in the absence of this second messenger, cholesterol did not affect PK-C activity. A novel effect of amplified PK-C activation was observed in the presence of both cholesterol and diacylglycerol concentrations within the physiological range of each of these components. (2)H NMR results suggest that this phenomenon is due to cholesterol- and diacylglycerol-induced increased propensity of the lipids to adopt nonbilayer phases, effectively destabilizing the bilayer structure. The magnitude of the effect was a function of cholesterol concentration, implying that laterally separated cell membrane domains with distinct cholesterol concentrations have the capacity to differ in their sensitivity to extracellular stimuli.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipid membrane microdomains are involved in major types of disease, ranging from vascular and metabolic diseases to neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, infectious and inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review provides an update of membrane microdomain abnormalities. RECENT FINDINGS Lipid membrane microdomains are dynamic assemblies of sphingolipids, cholesterol and proteins that dissociate and associate rapidly and form functional clusters. Membrane microdomain clustering is the key to how membrane microdomains can form lipid-protein platforms in cell membranes, functioning in membrane trafficking, cell polarization and signalling. Clustering of membrane microdomains can be modified, for example by dietary lipids and pharmacological agents. SUMMARY Metabolic overload through a cholesterol-rich and fat-rich diet can trigger metabolic learning, which is associated with membrane microdomain persistence, persistent signalling and disturbed vesicular traffic. Detailed characterization of lipid membrane microdomains and dynamics at the molecular level is necessary and will help to identify new dietary and pharmacological therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of lipid membrane microdomain related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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