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Vassou C, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Panagiotakos DB. Hostile personality as a risk factor for hyperglycemia and obesity in adult populations: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1659-1669. [PMID: 33520858 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have already provided valuable insights into the physiological and genetic causes of hyperglycemia and obesity. Concurrently, personality traits, such as hostility, have been suggested to have an impact on health and illness (i.e., self-reported general health, coronary artery disease, and overall mortality). The present systematic review investigated possible effects of hostility upon metabolic markers, such as high plasma glucose level and obesity among adults. We also attempted to reveal current gaps in knowledge and provide insights for future directions. Methods This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA 2009 guidelines to examine current evidence arising from observational studies regarding the potential impact of hostile behavior on hyperglycemia and obesity among adults. Of the initial 139 articles, 13 studies were included. Results The evidence supports an association between pre-diabetes and obesity with a hostile temperament in certain populations. The relationship between hostility and hyperglycemia was most common in African American women, in women with a family history of diabetes, in unmarried individuals, in White men, as well as in middle-aged and older people. Regarding obesity, high body mass index (BMI) was associated with a hostile personality, particularly among men. However, the paths by which hostile temperament affects glucose levels and BMI, as well as potential mediating and moderating mechanisms, are not entirely understood. Conclusions There is a need for research to enhance the understanding of biological, psychological and social factors related to hostility with a view to prevention and effective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 176 71 Greece
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601 Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601 Australia
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, Athens, 176 71 Greece.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, 2601 Australia
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Starnino L, Dupuis G, Busque L, Bourgoin V, Dubé MP, Busseuil D, D'Antono B. The associations of hostility and defensiveness with telomere length are influenced by sex and health status. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:2. [PMID: 33397445 PMCID: PMC7783995 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shorter telomere length (TL) may indicate premature cellular aging and increased risk for disease. While there is substantial evidence for shorter TL in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, data is scarce on maladaptive personality traits related to coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of TL with hostility and defensiveness in individuals with CAD or other non-cardiovascular illnesses and whether associations were moderated by CAD status and sex. Methods One thousand thirty-six individuals (Mage = 65.40 ± 6.73 years) with and without CAD completed the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale and the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale. Relative TL was measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction of total genomic DNA samples. Analyses involved hierarchical regressions on TL, performed separately for hostility and defensiveness, controlling for pertinent sociodemographic, behavioural, and medical risk factors. Separate analyses were performed on 25 healthy participants. Results A hostility by sex interaction emerged (β = − .08, p = .006) in the patient groups, where greater hostility was associated with shorter TL in women only (p < .01). A Defensiveness by CAD status interaction (β = − .06, p = .049) revealed longer TL in more defensive CAD patients only (p = .06). In healthy men, shorter TL was observed in those with greater defensiveness (β = .52, p = .006) but lower hostility (β = − .43, p = .049). Conclusion Hostility and defensiveness are differentially associated with TL as a function of sex and health status. The implication of these results for health remains to be determined, but propose an additional pathway through which the effect of maladaptive personality traits may contribute to CV and other disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisia Starnino
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Research Center, Hematology Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincent Bourgoin
- Research Center, Hematology Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - David Busseuil
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Bianca D'Antono
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger, Montréal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal Pavillon Marie-Victorin, Montreal, Canada.
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Psychosocial Underpinnings of Pain and Sleep Disturbance in Safety-Net Primary Care Patients. Pain Res Manag 2020; 2020:5932018. [PMID: 32399128 PMCID: PMC7206878 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5932018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to uncover possible psychosocial underpinnings of pain and sleep disturbance in a safety-net primary care sample. Methods Patients (n = 210) awaiting care in a safety-net primary care clinic waiting room completed measures of cynical hostility, social support, mental health, sleep disturbance, and pain. This study was cross-sectional and observational. Results A structural equation model suggested that higher cynical hostility was associated with lower social support, which in turn was associated with poorer mental health, which then corresponded with higher pain and sleep disturbance. All possible indirect (mediational) effects within this model were statistically significant, suggesting a possible route through which cynical hostility may shape pain and sleep, two common presenting problems in primary care. Conclusions These findings illustrate the interplay of psychosocial factors with chronic pain and sleep disturbance in a sample of low-income, predominantly African-American patients seeking care at a safety-net primary care clinic. The findings support integrated primary care as a way to target not only behavioral health issues but also the psychosocial factors entangled with physical health.
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McIntyre KM, Puterman E, Scodes JM, Choo TH, Choi CJ, Pavlicova M, Sloan RP. The effects of aerobic training on subclinical negative affect: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2020; 39:255-264. [PMID: 31916828 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of aerobic exercise are well known, but less is known about its effects on subclinical levels of trait negative affect in healthy but sedentary adults. In the present study, we test the effects of a 3-month randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in young to midlife adults on trait measures of depression, anxiety, hostility, and anger. METHOD One-hundred and 19 men (n = 56) and women (n = 63) aged 20-45 were randomized to 1 of 2 conditions: (a) 12 weeks of aerobic exercise after which they were asked to halt exercising and decondition for 4 weeks, or (b) a 16-week waitlist control group. Assessments of depression, anxiety, hostility and anger were completed at study entry, Week 12 and Week 16. RESULTS At study entry, participants scored low on measures of depression, anxiety, hostility and anger. Analyses among the intent-to-treat and per protocol samples found significant treatment effects of aerobic training for hostility and depression, but not for anxiety and anger. Within-group analyses demonstrated that depression and hostility scores decreased in the exercise group over the course of the intervention, while remaining stable in the control group. These effects persisted for the exercise group at nonsignificant levels after 4 weeks of deconditioning. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training has significant psychological effects even in sedentary yet euthymic adults, adding experimental data on the known benefits of exercise in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McIntyre
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - Tse-Hwei Choo
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - C Jean Choi
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Martina Pavlicova
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center
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Kriegbaum M, Lund R, Schmidt L, Rod NH, Christensen U. The joint effect of unemployment and cynical hostility on all-cause mortality: results from a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:293. [PMID: 30866873 PMCID: PMC6417173 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is hypothesised that hostility accentuates the association between stressful conditions and health. This study aims to test this hypothesis by analysing the joint effect of unemployment and hostility on all-cause mortality among men and women. Methods The population was 3677 men and 4138 women from the Danish workforce who participated in a survey in 2000. The joint exposure variable was defined as 1) employed, not hostile, 2) unemployed, not hostile, 3) hostile and employed, 4) unemployed and hostile. Outcome was defined as all-cause mortality between 2000 and 2014. Data was analysed with Cox proportional hazards models with age as the underlying time scale. The interaction between unemployment and hostility was studied using the synergy index. Results Compared to employed non-hostile men, men who were both hostile and unemployed were at markedly higher risk of premature death with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.19 (95% CI 2.22–4.69). A similar picture was found for hostile and unemployed women, with a HR of 1.97 (95% CI 1.24–3.12). However, the mortality in men and women exposed to both did not exceed what was expected from the combination of their individual effects. Hence, we did not find that hostility enhances the association between unemployment and all-cause mortality. Conclusion Men and women exposed to both unemployment and hostility were at markedly high risk of premature mortality. However, this study did not support the hypothesis that the deleterious health effect of the combination of unemployment and hostility exceeds their individual effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6622-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Kriegbaum
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lone Schmidt
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Boyle SH, Georgiades A, Brummett BH, Barefoot JC, Siegler IC, Matson WR, Kuhn CM, Grichnik K, Stafford-Smith M, Williams RB, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Surwit RS. Associations between central nervous system serotonin, fasting glucose, and hostility in African American females. Ann Behav Med 2015; 49:49-57. [PMID: 24806470 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown an association between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women. Central nervous system serotonin activity is implicated both in metabolic processes and in hostility related traits. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine whether central nervous system serotonin influences the association between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women. METHODS The study consisted of 119 healthy volunteers (36 African American women, 27 White women, 21 White males, and 35 African American males, mean age 34 ± 8.5 years). Serotonin related compounds were measured in cerebrospinal fluid. Hostility was measured by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. RESULTS Hostility was associated with fasting glucose and central nervous system serotonin related compounds in African American women only. Controlling for the serotonin related compounds significantly reduced the association of hostility to glucose. CONCLUSIONS The positive correlation between hostility and fasting glucose in African American women can partly be explained by central nervous system serotonin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Boyle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, BOX 3366, Durham, NC, 27710, USA,
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McIntosh RC, Hurwitz BE, Antoni M, Gonzalez A, Seay J, Schneiderman N. The ABCs of Trait Anger, Psychological Distress, and Disease Severity in HIV. Ann Behav Med 2015; 49:420-33. [PMID: 25385204 PMCID: PMC4623323 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9667-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trait anger consists of affective, behavioral, and cognitive (ABC) dimensions and may increase vulnerability for interpersonal conflict, diminished social support, and greater psychological distress. The concurrent influence of anger and psychosocial dysfunction on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease severity is unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine plausible psychosocial avenues (e.g., coping, social support, psychological distress), whereby trait anger may indirectly influence HIV disease status. METHODS Three hundred seventy-seven HIV seropositive adults, aged 18-55 years (58% AIDS-defined), completed a battery of psychosocial surveys and provided a fasting blood sample for HIV-1 viral load and T lymphocyte count assay. RESULTS A second-order factor model confirmed higher levels of the multidimensional anger trait, which was directly associated with elevated psychological distress and avoidant coping (p<.001) and indirectly associated with greater HIV disease severity (p<.01) (comparative fit index (CFI)=0.90, root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.06, standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR)=0.06). CONCLUSION The model supports a role for the ABC components of anger, which may negatively influence immune function through various psychosocial mechanisms; however, longitudinal study is needed to elucidate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA,
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8
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Boylan JM, Ryff CD. High anger expression exacerbates the relationship between age and metabolic syndrome. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2013; 70:77-82. [PMID: 24077742 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbt092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Building on prior work linking high anger expression to poor health, this cross-sectional study addressed whether anger expression exacerbated age-related risk for metabolic syndrome in a national sample of adults, known as MIDUS (Midlife in the United States). METHOD Respondents reported anger expression via survey assessments and completed an overnight clinic visit. RESULTS Unadjusted metabolic syndrome prevalence was 40.6%. Men, less educated individuals, and those who reported not getting regular physical activity were at significantly higher risk for metabolic syndrome. Anger expression did not predict higher risk for metabolic syndrome in main effects models, but it moderated the relationship between age and metabolic syndrome. Age-associated risk for metabolic syndrome was significant only for adults with high anger expression. DISCUSSION Among older adults, anger expression predicted higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Older adults reporting low anger expression had metabolic syndrome rates comparable to younger adults. Results highlight that failing to show the frequently observed decline in anger expression with age may have pernicious health concomitants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol D Ryff
- Department of Psychology, and Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Serotonin receptor 1B genotype and hostility, anger and aggressive behavior through the lifespan: the Young Finns study. J Behav Med 2012; 36:583-90. [PMID: 22945537 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-012-9452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin system has been shown to be involved in the regulation of hostility, anger, and aggressive behavior. Previous molecular genetic studies suggest that the serotonin receptor 1B (HTR1B) rs6296 genotype might have a particular role in these types of behaviors. We examined whether HTR1B is related to hostility, anger, and aggressive behavior phenotypes over a lifespan and whether it modifies the connection between childhood aggressive behavior and adulthood hostility and anger. The participants were 967 women and men from a large population based sample (The Young Finns Study) with a 27-year follow-up. Childhood aggressive behavior was reported by the mother twice when the participants were 3 to 12 years of age. Adulthood hostility and anger were self-reported by the participants between ages 24 and 36. Childhood aggressive behavior predicted adulthood hostility over 27 years. HTR1B SNP rs6296 was associated with childhood aggressive behavior but not with adulthood anger or hostility. The HTR1B SNP rs6296 modified the association between childhood aggressive behavior and adulthood hostility. Aggressive behavior and hostility might form a life course pattern, and the HTR1B might contribute to a development of this pattern.
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Clark CJ, Henderson KM, de Leon CFM, Guo H, Lunos S, Evans DA, Everson-Rose SA. Latent constructs in psychosocial factors associated with cardiovascular disease: an examination by race and sex. Front Psychiatry 2012; 3:5. [PMID: 22347196 PMCID: PMC3270306 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines race and sex differences in the latent structure of 10 psychosocial measures and the association of identified factors with self-reported history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Participants were 4,128 older adults from the Chicago Health and Aging Project. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblique geomin rotation was used to identify latent factors among the psychosocial measures. Multi-group comparisons of the EFA model were conducted using exploratory structural equation modeling to test for measurement invariance across race and sex subgroups. A factor-based scale score was created for invariant factor(s). Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between the factor score(s) and CHD adjusting for relevant confounders. Effect modification of the relationship by race-sex subgroup was tested. A two-factor model fit the data well (comparative fit index = 0.986; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.969; root mean square error of approximation = 0.039). Depressive symptoms, neuroticism, perceived stress, and low life satisfaction loaded on Factor I. Social engagement, spirituality, social networks, and extraversion loaded on Factor II. Only Factor I, re-named distress, showed measurement invariance across subgroups. Distress was associated with a 37% increased odds of self-reported CHD (odds ratio: 1.37; 95% confidence intervals: 1.25, 1.50; p-value < 0.0001). This effect did not differ by race or sex (interaction p-value = 0.43). This study identified two underlying latent constructs among a large range of psychosocial variables; only one, distress, was validly measured across race-sex subgroups. This construct was robustly related to prevalent CHD, highlighting the potential importance of latent constructs as predictors of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari Jo Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Baeg S, Wang SK, Chee IS, Kim SY, Kim JL. Anger in elderly patients with depressive disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2011; 8:186-93. [PMID: 21994504 PMCID: PMC3182382 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2011.8.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate anger in elderly patients with depressive disorders. METHODS The subjects included 216 elderly patients with depression and 198 controls. All subjects were assessed by the State and Trait Anger Inventory (STAXI), Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), Reaction Inventory (RI). RESULTS Elderly patients with depressive disorder showed lower levels of trait anger and anger expression on the STAXI, lower levels of verbal aggression and hostility on the AQ, and lower levels of anger reaction to the unpredictable disruption and disturbances factor, the embarrassing circumstances factor, and the personal disrespect factor on the RI than the controls. In the depression group, the severity of their depression was positively correlated with the trait anger, state anger, anger expression (except 'anger control') scores on the STAXI; the physical aggression, anger, and hostility scores on the AQ; and the anger reaction to unpredictable disruption and disturbances factor, the embarrassing circumstances factor, and the personal disrespect factor scores on the RI. However, the severity of depression negatively correlated with only anger control on the STAXI. In the linear logistic regression analysis, as there were higher levels of state anger seen in the STAXI, anger on the AQ, anger reaction to unpleasant factors on the RI, and therefore the likelihood of depression would be higher. CONCLUSION Elderly depressive patients are less likely to have anger traits and to express anger than normal elderly. However, in elderly depressive patients, the higher they have severity of depressive symptoms, the higher they reported anger experience and anger expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengmi Baeg
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik Seung Chee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Yeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Lan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Cardiovascular and psychological reactivity and recovery from harassment in a biracial sample of high and low hostile men and women. Int J Behav Med 2011; 18:52-64. [PMID: 20635176 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-010-9110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study emphasizes the importance of studying the emotional, motivational, and cognitive characteristics accompanying and the potential hemodynamic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from interpersonal conflict. PURPOSE The relation of dispositional hostility to cardiovascular reactivity during a frustrating anagram task and post-task recovery was investigated. METHODS The sample was composed of 99 healthy participants (age, 18-30 years; 53% women; 51% Caucasian; 49% African American)-half randomly assigned to a harassment condition. High and low hostility groups were created by a median split specific to sex and race subgroup score distributions on the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. It was hypothesized that hostility would interact with harassment such that harassed, high hostile individuals would display the greatest cardiovascular and emotional reactivity and slowest recovery of the four groups. Participants completed a 10-min baseline, a 6-min anagram task, and a 5-min recovery period with blood pressure, heart rate, pre-ejection period, stroke index, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance index measured. RESULTS Harassed participants displayed significantly greater cardiovascular responses and lower positive affect to the task and slower systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery than did nonharassed participants. The high hostile group, irrespective of harassment, showed blunted cardiovascular responses during the task and delayed SBP recovery than the low hostile group. CONCLUSION Although the predicted interaction between hostility and harassment was not supported in the context of cardiovascular responses, such an interaction was observed in the context of blame attributions, whereby harassed hostile participants were found to blame others for their task performance than the other subgroups.
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Low life course socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with negative NEO PI-R personality patterns. Int J Behav Med 2011; 18:13-21. [PMID: 20012811 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-009-9069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor health. One potential pathway accounting for this relationship may be an association between low SES and personality characteristics that affect health. METHODS Associations among parent's education, current SES (education and income), and personality were examined among 233 African Americans and Caucasian, male and female community volunteers. RESULTS Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to model neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness simultaneously, participant's education, household income, and father's and mother's education each had significant main effects on personality. When examining the life course--the combination of both current and childhood SES--distinctive patterns emerged for each domain, depending upon whether mother's or father's education was used to index childhood SES. When using mother's education as a childhood SES index, a high life course SES (high participant's SES/high mother's education) was associated with high extraversion and openness. Using father's education as a childhood SES index, a low life course SES (low participant's SES/low father's education) was associated with disproportionately high neuroticism and low conscientiousness. These effects did not differ by race or sex. CONCLUSION The implications of these findings for the role of personality in the SES-health relationship are discussed.
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Wright LB, Gregoski MJ, Tingen MS, Barnes VA, Treiber FA. Impact of Stress Reduction Interventions on Hostility and Ambulatory Systolic Blood Pressure in African American Adolescents. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 37:210-233. [PMID: 22485058 PMCID: PMC3319013 DOI: 10.1177/0095798410380203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of breathing awareness meditation (BAM), life skills (LS) training, and health education (HE) interventions on self-reported hostility and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in 121 African American (AA) ninth graders at increased risk for development of essential hypertension. They were randomly assigned to BAM, LS, or HE and engaged in intervention sessions during health class for 3 months. Before, after, and 3 months following intervention cessation, self-reported hostility and 24-hour ABP were measured. Results indicated that between pre- and postintervention, BAM participants displayed significant reductions in self-reported hostility and 24-hour systolic ABP. Reductions in hostility were significantly related to reductions in 24-hour systolic ABP. Between postintervention and follow-up, participants receiving LS showed a significant reduction in hostility but not in 24-hour ABP. Significant changes were not found for the HE group in 24-hour ABP or self-reported hostility, but these change scores were significantly correlated. The implications of the findings are discussed with regard to behavioral stress reduction programs for the physical and emotional health of AAs.
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Guyll M, Cutrona C, Burzette R, Russell D. Hostility, relationship quality, and health among African American couples. J Consult Clin Psychol 2011; 78:646-54. [PMID: 20873900 DOI: 10.1037/a0020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between hostility and health and whether it is moderated by the quality of an individual's primary romantic relationship. METHOD Longitudinal data were provided by 184 African Americans, including 166 women. Participants averaged 38 years old and were married or in long-term marriagelike relationships. Hostility and relationship quality were measured at the first assessment. Hostility was based on participants' responses to items tapping cynical attitudes about relationships. Relationship quality was based on trained observer ratings of videotaped couple interactions on behavioral scales reflecting warmth, support, and communication skills. At 2 assessments approximately 5 and 7 years later, participants provided health data. Health index scores were formed from responses to five scales of the SF-12 (Ware, Kosinski, & Keller, 1998) as well as to responses to questions about the number of chronic health conditions and the number of prescribed medications. RESULTS Stepwise regression analyses controlling for demographic variables and the earlier health score tested the main and interactive effects of hostility and relationship quality on longitudinal changes in health. Whereas no main effects were supported, the interaction of hostility and relationship quality was significant (p < .05). The form of the interaction was such that high-hostile individuals had better health outcomes if they were in a high-quality relationship. CONCLUSION Hostile persons in high-quality relationships may be at less risk for negative health outcomes because they do not regularly experience the physiologic reactivity and adverse psychosocial outcomes that they would otherwise experience as a result of recurring interpersonal conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Guyll
- W112 Lagomarcino, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3180, USA.
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Wylie-Rosett J, Aragaki AK, Cochrane B, Perri MG, Rosal MC, Rapp SR. Cynicism: Incident diabetes and worsening of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2010; 4:187-189. [PMID: 25663951 PMCID: PMC4317350 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if self-reported cynical hostility predicted incident diabetes or increase in number of symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Prospective study of a subsample of women (n = 3,658) participating in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial. METHODS Subjects: Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years at baseline who were enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial, Hormone Trial or both. Measures: The Cynicism subscale of the Cook-Medley Hostility Questionnaire was used to assess cynical hostility at baseline. Incident diabetes was ascertained by self-report of treatment with insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication at one year. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on number of Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria met at one year. Statistical Analysis: The relationship between baseline cynical hostility and incident diabetes and worsening of metabolic syndrome was assessed from baseline to one year using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and multivariable logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS Incident diabetes was 36% higher among women in the upper tertile for baseline cynical hostility compared to the lowest tertile (p-trend = 0.05). The odds of a worsening of metabolic syndrome was 27% greater in the highest cynical hostility tertile compared to the lowest tertile (p-trend = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Cynical hostility may increase the risk for developing diabetes and worsening of the metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York Clinic, 1307 Belfer Building, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | | | | | - Michael G. Perri
- University of Florida at Gainesville, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Milagros C. Rosal
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Phillips JE, Klein WMP. Socioeconomic Status and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: The Role of Social Cognitive Factors. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2010; 4:704-727. [PMID: 21785652 PMCID: PMC3140045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine existing research on social cognitive factors that may, in part, mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We focus on how social status is 'carried' in the mental systems of individuals, and how these systems differentially affect CHD risk and associated behaviors. To this end, literatures documenting the association of various social cognitive factors (e.g., social comparison, perceived discrimination, and self-efficacy) with cardiovascular disease are reviewed as are literatures regarding the relationship of these factors to SES. Possible mechanisms through which social cognitions may affect health are addressed. In addition, directions for future research are discussed, and a model identifying the possible associations between social cognitive factors, SES, and coronary disease is provided.
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Von Dras DD, Blumenthal HT. Biological, Social-Environmental, and Psychological Dialecticism: An Integrated Model of Aging. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1207/s15324834basp2203_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Williams RB. How does lower education get inside the body to raise blood pressure? What can we do to prevent this? Hypertension 2010; 55:617-8. [PMID: 20100995 PMCID: PMC2834203 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.146423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Redford B. Williams
- Behavioral Medicine Research Center Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine Box 3926 (2212 Elder Street) Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC 27710 Tel: 919-684-3863 Fax: 919-681-8960
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Barthelmes CK, Borsari B, Hustad JTP, Barnett NP. Hostility in mandated students: exploratory analysis and implications for treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat 2010; 38:284-91. [PMID: 20116962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
College students mandated to receive an intervention following an alcohol-related campus violation are a high-risk group of students experiencing the negative effects of alcohol. Understanding the psychological properties associated with mandated students' alcohol use may provide useful clinical information. Hostility is a trait that has shown association with heavy drinking in adults but has gone unstudied in mandated students. We examined the relationship between hostility and a variety of drinking-related variables in mandated students (N = 466). Results indicated that individuals reporting higher levels of hostility reported riskier drinking and alcohol-related problems, yet exhibited ambivalence regarding their alcohol use. Findings are discussed in the context of treating mandated students exhibiting high hostility and risky drinking, a particularly challenging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin K Barthelmes
- Brown University, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Shkolnikova M, Shalnova S, Shkolnikov VM, Metelskaya V, Deev A, Andreev E, Jdanov D, Vaupel JW. Biological mechanisms of disease and death in Moscow: rationale and design of the survey on Stress Aging and Health in Russia (SAHR). BMC Public Health 2009; 9:293. [PMID: 19678931 PMCID: PMC2745385 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has revealed large differences in health and mortality across countries, socioeconomic groups, and individuals. Russia experiences one of the world's highest levels of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, great mortality differences within the population, and a heavy burden of ill health. Psychological stress has been suggested as a likely explanation of health loss and premature death in Russia and Eastern Europe. However, physiological mechanisms connecting stress with health in Russia remain unclear since existing epidemiological data are scarce and limited to conventional risk factors. METHOD AND DESIGN The survey on Stress Aging and Health in Russia (SAHR) is addressing this knowledge gap by collecting an unusually rich database that includes a wide range of reported information, physical and cognitive health outcomes, and biomarkers in a sample of Muscovite men and women aged 55 and older. The total planned sample size is 2,000 individuals. The sample was randomly selected from epidemiological cohorts formed in Moscow between the mid-1970s and the 1990s and from medical population registers. The baseline data collection was carried out from December 2006 to June 2009. Interviews and medical tests were administered at hospital or at home according to standardized protocol. Questionnaire information includes health, socio-demographic characteristics, economic well-being, cognitive functioning, and batteries on stress and depression. Biomarkers include anthropometry, grip strength, resting ECG, conventional cardiovascular factors of risk such as lipid profile and blood pressure, and other biochemical parameters such as those related to inflammation, glucose and insulin resistance, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and stress hormones. In addition to these measurements, SAHR includes dynamic biomarkers provided by 24-hour ECG (Holter) monitoring. This method continuously registers the beat-to-beat heart rate in naturalistic conditions without restrictions on normal daily activities. It provides information about heart functioning, including heart rate variability and ischemic and arrhythmic events.Re-examination of the study subjects will be conducted in 2009-2011 and will focus on health, functional status, economic conditions, behaviors, and attitudes towards aging. The subjects are also followed up for mortality and non-fatal health events. DISCUSSION The SAHR will produce a valuable set of established and novel biomarkers combined with self-reported data for the international research community and will provide important insights into factors and biological mechanisms of mortality and health losses in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shkolnikova
- Federal Arrhythmia Centre, Moscow Institute of Pediatry and Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Survival and Longevity, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svetlana Shalnova
- Department of Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases, State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Shkolnikov
- Laboratory of Demographic Data, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Victoria Metelskaya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Deev
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, State Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgueni Andreev
- Laboratory of Demographic Data, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dmitri Jdanov
- Laboratory of Demographic Data, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
| | - James W Vaupel
- Laboratory of Survival and Longevity, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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Kahler CW, Spillane NS, Leventhal AM, Strong DR, Brown RA, Monti PM. Hostility and smoking cessation treatment outcome in heavy social drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2009; 23:67-76. [PMID: 19290691 DOI: 10.1037/a0012655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hostility is a multifaceted construct encompassing affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects. There is preliminary evidence linking hostility to poorer outcomes in smoking cessation treatment; however, it is unclear which components of hostility are most important in cessation. In this study, the authors examined multiple aspects of trait hostility in 92 heavy social drinkers who were seeking smoking cessation treatment. Consistent with their hypothesis, the authors found that the cognitive component of hostility was most relevant to smoking cessation outcome. Specifically, those who expressed bitterness about their lives and tended to believe that they had poor luck and had gotten a raw deal out of life had poor smoking cessation outcomes. Cognitive measures of hostility also predicted greater nicotine withdrawal symptoms 1 week after quitting smoking. Other components of hostility including anger and both physical and verbal aggression did not significantly predict smoking outcome or nicotine withdrawal. Further examination of how a hostile worldview contributes to smoking cessation failure is warranted, as this facet of hostility may prove a valuable target for smoking cessation interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).
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Nabi H, Kivimaki M, Sabia S, Dugravot A, Lajnef M, Marmot MG, Singh-Manoux A. Hostility and trajectories of body mass index over 19 years: the Whitehall II Study. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:347-54. [PMID: 19022830 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors examined the associations of hostility measured in adulthood with subsequent body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) assessed at 4 time points over a 19-year period (1985-2004) in a United Kingdom cohort study. A total of 6,484 participants (4,494 men and 1,990 women) aged 35-55 years at baseline (1985-1988) completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. BMI was assessed upon medical examination in phases 1 (1985-1988), 3 (1991-1993), 5 (1997-1999), and 7 (2002-2004). Mixed-models analyses of repeated measures showed clear evidence of increasing BMI over follow-up in both sexes. In women, higher levels of hostility were associated with higher BMI at baseline, and this effect remained constant throughout the follow-up period. In men, hostility levels were also strongly associated with BMI at baseline, but results for the interaction between time and hostility also suggested that this association increased over time, with persons in the highest quartile of hostility gaining an excess of 0.016 units (P = 0.023) annually over the follow-up period as compared with persons in the lowest quartile. The authors conclude that the difference in BMI as a function of hostility levels in men is not stable over time.
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Grothe KB, Bodenlos JS, Whitehead D, Olivier J, Brantley PJ. The psychosocial vulnerability model of hostility as a predictor of coronary heart disease in low-income African Americans. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2008; 15:163-9. [PMID: 19104981 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-008-9112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined social support and stress as mediators of the hostility-coronary heart disease (CHD) relationship as suggested by the psychosocial vulnerability model in a sample of low-income African Americans. Among 95 CHD patients and 30 healthy controls, hostility was negatively correlated with social support, but was not related to minor stress. CHD patients endorsed higher levels of hostility; however, the relationship between hostility and CHD status was diminished once stress and social support were included in the model. This study lends partial support for the psychosocial vulnerability model of hostility in African Americans, but suggests that the relationship between hostility and stress may be impacted by socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Grothe
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39047, USA.
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25
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Nabi H, Kivimäki M, Marmot MG, Ferrie J, Zins M, Ducimetière P, Consoli SM, Singh-Manoux A. Does personality explain social inequalities in mortality? The French GAZEL cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37:591-602. [PMID: 18276626 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'indirect-selection' hypothesis proposes that some quality of the individual, a personality characteristic or intelligence, leads to both socioeconomic position (SEP) and health. We aim to quantify the contribution of personality measures to the associations between SEP and mortality. METHODS Of the GAZEL cohort, 14 445 participants aged 39-54 years in 1993 and followed-up over 12.7 years, completed the Bortner-Type-A-scale, the Buss-Durkee-Hostility-Inventory and the Grossarth-Maticek and Eysenck-Personality-Stress-Inventory. Indicators of SEP, such as father's social class, education, occupational grade and income, were assessed at baseline. Relative indices of inequality in Cox regression models were used to estimate associations. RESULTS In age-adjusted analyses, risk of death was inversely associated with SEP among men and women. Among men, the attenuation in this association depended on the measures of SEP and was 28-29% for 'neurotic-hostility', 13-22% for 'anti-social' and 13-16% for 'CHD-prone' personality. In women, the attenuation was evident only for type-A-behaviour, by 11%. After controlling simultaneously for all personality factors that predicted mortality, associations between SEP and mortality were attenuated in men: by 34% for education, 29% for occupational position and 28% for income; but were only attenuated by 11% for income in women. For cardiovascular mortality, the corresponding percentages of reduction were 42, 31 and 44% after adjustment for 'CHD-prone' personality in men. CONCLUSIONS Personality measures explained some of the mortality gradients observed for measures of adult socioeconomic position in men, but had little explanatory power in women. Whether personality represents a predictor or an outcome of social circumstances needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Nabi
- INSERM U687-IFR69, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif 94807, France.
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D'Antono B, Moskowitz DS, Miners C, Archambault J. Gender and communal trait differences in the relations among social behaviour, affect arousal, and cardiac autonomic control. J Behav Med 2005; 28:267-79. [PMID: 16015461 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-005-4663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To examine the relation between social behaviour and vagal activity, the communal behaviour of healthy college men (N = 33) and women (N = 33) was manipulated while monitoring heart rate (HR) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The subjects were classified as low or high on communal trait. Communal behaviour was manipulated by having the subjects behave in an agreeable or quarrelsome manner in scripted role-plays. HR, RSA and self-report arousal were obtained during or immediately following baseline, experimental and relaxation periods. 2 (Gender) x 2 (Communal Trait; low/high) x 2 (Condition; agreeable/quarrelsome) ANCOVAs were performed. Men had lower RSA values when behaving in a quarrelsome fashion than agreeable and lower RSA values than women in the quarrelsome condition. In the latter condition, low communal men reported more arousal than other groups. Strong but opposite associations between RSA and affect arousal were observed in low communal men and woman. Men, especially more quarrelsome (less communal) men exhibited weaker vagal control during arousing social situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca D'Antono
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Street East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. biancad'
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27
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Nelson C, Franks S, Brose A, Raven P, Williamson J, Shi X, McGill J, Harrell E. The influence of hostility and family history of cardiovascular disease on autonomic activation in response to controllable versus noncontrollable stress, anger imagery induction, and relaxation imagery. J Behav Med 2005; 28:213-21. [PMID: 16015455 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-005-4657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic activation in response to controllable versus noncontrollable stress, anger imagery induction, and relaxation imagery was studied among 80 participants between the ages of 18 and 34 years. Participants differed in level of trait hostility and family history of cardiovascular disease. Results were obtained through power spectral analyses of electrocardiograph R-R intervals, which produced an index of autonomic nervous system activation. For both male and female populations, parasympathetic regulation was diminished during anger induction for individuals with high levels of trait hostility and having a family history of cardiovascular disease. Similar results were obtained for women during the uncontrolled stress condition. Based on family history of cardiovascular disease and trait hostility, men responded differentially to relaxation imagery induction, whereas no differences were found among females.
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Cohen S, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT. The Role of Psychological Characteristics in the Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Perceived Health1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb01396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Barefoot JC, Maynard KE, Beckham JC, Brummett BH, Hooker K, Siegler IC. Trust, health, and longevity. J Behav Med 1998; 21:517-26. [PMID: 9891252 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018792528008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Scores on the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale were evaluated as predictors of psychological well-being, functional health, and longevity in a sample of 100 men and women who were between 55 and 80 years old at baseline (mean age 66.8). Cross-sectionally, high levels of trust were associated with better self-rated health and more life satisfaction. Follow-up over approximately 8 years found baseline levels of trust to be positively related to subsequent functional health, but not to subsequent life satisfaction. Mortality follow-up after 14 years demonstrated that those with high levels of trust had longer survival (p = .03), a finding that was somewhat weakened by controlling for baseline health ratings. These findings illustrate the health protective effects of high levels of trust and suggest the potential usefulness of the trust concept for understanding successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Barefoot
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Barnett E, Armstrong DL, Casper ML. Social class and premature mortality among men: a method for state-based surveillance. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:1521-5. [PMID: 9314808 PMCID: PMC1380982 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.9.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined trends in mortality by social class for Black and White men aged 35 through 54 years in North Carolina, for 1984 through 1993, using an inexpensive, newly developed state-based surveillance method. METHODS Data from death certificates and census files permitted examination of four social classes, defined on the basis of occupation. RESULTS Premature mortality was inversely associated with social class for both Blacks and Whites. Blacks were at least twice as likely to die as Whites within each social class. CONCLUSIONS Adoption of state-specific surveillance of social class and premature mortality would provide data crucial for developing and evaluating public health programs to reduce social inequalities in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barnett
- Prevention Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-9005, USA
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Abstract
We investigated if Type A Structured Interview (SI)-assessed hostility (PoHo) is subject to voluntary underreporting, or faking-good, by hostile subjects. Sixteen men who previously scored above the clinical cutoff of 3 on SI hostility were randomly assigned to an experimental (N = 8) or control (N = 8) group. Both groups underwent a second videotaped SI, prior to which experimental subjects were asked to present themselves in a favorable light. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that experimental subjects were able successfully to decrease their global PoHo scores when instructed to do so (38% scored below the clinical cutoff score). The SI-derived hostility score is vulnerable to faking-good, and attention should be paid to both the motivational set of subjects and the instructions given prior to the SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Davidson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35487-0348, USA
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Han K, Weed NC, Calhoun RF, Butcher JN. Psychometric Characteristics of the MMPI-2 Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. J Pers Assess 1995; 65:567-85. [PMID: 16367714 DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6503_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI; Hathaway & McKinley, 1943) Cook-Medley Hostility scale (Ho) has been studied a great deal because of its relation to coronary disease and mortality. However, little research has been conducted with the Ho scale on the revised MMPI (MMPI-2; Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989). This study examined the psychometric characteristics of the MMPI-2 Ho scale. Only nine of the original 50 Ho items were slightly changed in the revision. Ho scores were highly correlated with MMPI-2 scales CYN, K, TPA, and ASP, supporting the interpretation of Ho as a measure of cynicism. High correlations with other MMPI-2 scales also suggested that Ho is related to general psychopathology and negative affectivity. Male Ho scorers were rated by their spouses as hotheaded, bossy, demanding, and argumentative. For women, Ho scale scores were less strongly associated with ratings of overt hostility. Principal components analysis of Ho revealed four underlying dimensions: Cynicism, Hypersensitivity, Aggressive Responding, and Social Avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, 38677, USA
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