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Zhou H, Tian C, Hong L, Fan Z, Chen W. Relationship between Parenting Style and Peer Relationships during Early Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Parental Mentalizing. J Genet Psychol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39400539 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2413488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Although previous research has suggested that parenting style affects children's peer relationships, the influential mechanism remains a subject of debate. We propose that parental mentalizing plays a crucial role in parenting style and peer relationships. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationships between family parenting styles, parental mentalizing, and peer relationships during early adolescence. In this study, 379 primary school students (Mean age = 12.17 years, SD = 0.92) and their parents were assessed using the Family Parenting Style Scale, Peer Relationship Satisfaction Scale, and a distorted mentalizing task. The results showed a mediating effect of parental mentalizing between parenting style and peer relationships. For fathers, a favorable parenting style affects children's peer relationships through mentalizing. Among mothers, interference, protection, and punishment affect their children's peer relationships through mentalizing. In conclusion, parenting style affects peer relationships through parental mentalizing. Fathers'/mothers' parenting style and parental mentalizing affect their children's peer relationships differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Chuyao Tian
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Lewei Hong
- Guanghua Law School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Zhiguang Fan
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
- Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing City, China
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2
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Garcia AR, Barnhart S, López DJ, Karcher NR. Do Ethnic Identity, Familial, and Community Contexts Impact the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Psychopathology Among Latinx Adolescents? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)01321-2. [PMID: 39153718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.07.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have explored the interplay of how individual identity, parental, familial, and contextual factors impact associations between Latinx adolescent adversities and psychopathology. This study aimed to examine whether these factors mediate the relationship between adversities and psychopathology in Latinx youth. METHOD Latinx youth (n = 2,411) data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were used to examine path models with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as the predictor and either youth- or caregiver-rated internalizing/externalizing scores over 4 timepoints as the outcome (ages 9-13 years). Models examined 3 potential mediators: (1) ethnic identity, (2) familial context (comprising parental monitoring, family conflict, and caregiver acceptance), and (3) community cohesion. Models were conducted separately for internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS Greater adversity was associated with greater youth- and caregiver-rated internalizing/externalizing psychopathology over time. Greater adversity was associated with lower family functioning and lower ethnic identity, and greater family functioning was associated with lower psychopathology. Family functioning mediated associations between adversity and psychopathology over time (youth-reported internalizing: 95% CI = 0.012-0.019; youth-reported externalizing: 95% CI = 0.020-0.028). In contrast, there was not strong evidence for ethnic identity and community cohesion mediating associations between adversities and psychopathology over time. CONCLUSION Unlike previous studies, ethnic identity did not influence the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology over time. Additional research is needed to identify whether possible tensions rise as Latinx youth acculturate into US culture and achieve optimal levels of ethnic identity formation. Providers need to assess specific Latinx parental and familial contexts that may interfere with youth identity formation.
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Ghandour LA, Anouti S, Lotfi T, Meho L, Kashash R, Al-Akkawi A, Majed A, Akl E, Afifi RA. Parenting a High and Growing Population of Youth in the Arab Region: A Scoping Review for an Evidence-Informed Research Agenda. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:16-25. [PMID: 38597843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The Arab region is experiencing the largest youth cohort in its history. Parental influence is a clear factor in the well-being of this demographic. This scoping review serves as the first consolidated synthesis of existing research on parenting in the Arab world, aimed at identifying research gaps and informing future research agendas. Searches of 18 databases resulted in 4,758 records (1995-2018) in all languages. Using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, eligible studies (n = 152) underwent duplicate data abstraction. An evidence gap map was developed using 3i.e.'s platform. Studies were mostly published in English (88%), and lead authors' affiliations were mostly from Arab institutions. Included studies were mostly cross-sectional (89%), quantitative (96%), conducted in a school/university (83%), and surveyed children and adolescents (70%). Most studies (79%) examined parenting influences on youth outcomes. Fewer examined parenting measurement (30%) or evaluated interventions (1%). Mental health and school performance were the most commonly investigated outcomes. The evidence gap map allows researchers who study youth in the Arab world to efficiently and visually delineate the gaps and strategically prioritize research needs. Future studies should employ robust mixed methods study designs, focus on evaluation and psychometric research, engage youth in the research process and explore a more diverse set of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian A Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sirine Anouti
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Lotfi
- Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative (GESI) Secretariat, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lokman Meho
- University Libraries, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rima Kashash
- Global Evidence Synthesis Initiative (GESI) Secretariat, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Al-Akkawi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - AlZahraa Majed
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rima A Afifi
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Yu L, Li LMW, Tong X. Understanding the link between theory of mind and loneliness among primary school students: A cross-lagged panel model analysis. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105891. [PMID: 38442684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between theory of mind (ToM) and loneliness as well as the potential moderating effects of parenting style on this association. A total of 689 Chinese third-grade students (341 girls and 348 boys; Mage = 9.23 years, SD = 0.66) were recruited from eight primary schools and were followed from Grade 3 to Grade 5. These students reported their primary caregivers' parenting style in third grade and completed the same ToM task and loneliness questionnaire at each time point from Grade 3 to Grade 5. The study's results indicated a bidirectional relationship between ToM and loneliness, implying that children with less developed ToM abilities tend to feel lonelier and, conversely, that higher levels of loneliness are associated with lower ToM skills. Moreover, the study demonstrated that parenting style influenced the association between ToM and loneliness. Specifically, the impact of ToM at Grade 3 on reducing loneliness at Grade 4 was greater among children who experienced high levels of rejection from their caregivers compared with those with low levels of rejection. In addition, this study found that loneliness at Grade 3 had a greater influence on ToM at Grade 5 for children experiencing low levels of emotional warmth from their caregivers than for those who experienced high levels of emotional warmth. These findings highlight the significance of ToM as both a precursor and consequence of children's loneliness and emphasize the variation in these longitudinal relationships based on the parenting styles of primary caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yu
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Liman Man Wai Li
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Yockey RA, Barroso CS, Hoopsick RA. The Role of Parenting Behaviors and Their Influence on Adolescent Drunk and Drugged Driving: 2016-2019, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:695. [PMID: 38928941 PMCID: PMC11204008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Drugged driving, the act of driving a vehicle under the influence of illicit drugs, by adolescents is a serious public health concern. Many factors contribute to this risk behavior, but much less is known regarding the role of parenting behaviors in this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to examine specific parenting behaviors and their influence among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Pooled data from the 2016-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) among 17,520 adolescents ages 16-17 years old were analyzed. Differences were found in specific parenting behaviors and adolescent drugged/drunk driving, with parents not checking homework and not telling their children they are proud of them being the most influential. Findings from the present study may inform drugged driving prevention programs for parents and adolescents and enhance road safety interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Andrew Yockey
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Cristina S. Barroso
- School of Public Health San Antonio, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Rachel A. Hoopsick
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
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Babu N, Fatima M, Arora M. The dynamic nature of parenting practices: a qualitative enquiry of parenting adolescents during COVID-19. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1309786. [PMID: 38711756 PMCID: PMC11071647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1309786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parenting practices are known to be dynamic, evolving in response to various factors such as societal changes, cultural norms, and individual circumstances. Understanding the dynamic nature of parenting is essential for comprehending its influence on children's development. This study aimed to explore the adaptive nature of parenting practices amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, a global event that provided a unique context for examining these dynamics. Methods In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with six heterogeneous couples who were parenting at least one adolescent during the pandemic. Attride-Sterling's thematic network analysis was employed to analyze the interview data. Results Five global themes emerged from the data, namely, change in parenting style due to stressors, paternal versus maternal style of parenting, intergenerational transmission of parenting practices, child-centric parenting practices, positive parenting practices and evolving parent-child relationship during COVID-19. Discussion The findings highlight the tendency of parents to adapt their parenting styles to meet the evolving needs of their children. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for supporting families during times of crisis. Future research should explore the long-term effects of these changes and effective strategies for promoting positive parent-child relationships.
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MacNeill LA, Zvara BJ, Anderson SE. Association between maternal closeness with parents and mother-toddler relationship quality. FAMILY RELATIONS 2024; 73:645-660. [PMID: 38504969 PMCID: PMC10947079 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective Understanding how positive parenting is conveyed across generations informs early childhood policy. Background The extant literature has focused on how a mother's relationship with her own mother sets the stage for her parenting of her own children, yet less understood is how a mother's relationship with her father supports her responsive parenting and potentially informs her child's attachment security. Method We analyzed data from 6,400 mothers of singleton infants participating in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. We examined whether a mother's closeness with her own mother and father (Generation 1) related to her responsiveness and child attachment security (Generation 3) at age 24 months. Results Most mothers reported being extremely (25.7%) or at least quite close (25.1%) with both their mother and father. How close mothers felt to their own parents was not associated with their observed level of responsiveness to their toddler or their toddler's attachment security, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Maternal education was the strongest predictor of responsiveness and attachment security. Conclusion Maternal education is strongly related to responsiveness, and to a lesser extent, child attachment security, in toddlerhood. Implications Programs aimed at addressing the challenges of caregiving may overcome the limitations of lower education status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha A. MacNeill
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Bharathi J. Zvara
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sarah E. Anderson
- Division of Epidemiology, The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH
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Şengül-İnal G, Borgen NT, Dearing E, Zachrisson HD. The double jeopardy of low family income and negative emotionality: The family stress model revisited. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38433556 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The family stress model has, for decades, guided empirical work linking poverty with increased risk of child social-emotional dysfunction. The present study extends this line of work by examining whether child negative emotionality moderates associations between family income, family stress (maternal distress, parental locus of control, and relationship dissatisfaction), and later externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. In a longitudinal population-based sample (n ~ 80,000) of Norwegian children followed from birth through age five (The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study; MoBa), we examined whether high (vs. moderate or low) negative emotionality families would display: (a) compounding stress (i.e., particularly strong associations between low family income and family stress), (b) diathesis-stress (i.e., particularly strong associations between family stress and behavior problems), or (c) double jeopardy (i.e., both compounding stress and diathesis-stress moderating effects). Negative emotionality significantly moderated the association between family income and behavior problems in a manner most consistent with double jeopardy. As a result, compared with children with moderate/low negative emotionality, the family income-behavior problems association was two to three times larger for those with higher negative emotionality. These findings underscore the active role children may play in family processes that link low family income with behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbin Şengül-İnal
- Center for Research on Equality in Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolai Topstad Borgen
- Center for Research on Equality in Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for the Study of Professions, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Dearing
- Center for Research on Equality in Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Applied Developmental Psychology, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Henrik Daae Zachrisson
- Center for Research on Equality in Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Sampaio F, Nystrand C, Feldman I, Mihalopoulos C. Evidence for investing in parenting interventions aiming to improve child health: a systematic review of economic evaluations. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:323-355. [PMID: 35304645 PMCID: PMC10869412 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the economic evidence on parenting interventions targeting different aspects of child health is lacking to support decision-making. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date synthesis of the available health economic evidence for parenting interventions aiming to improve child health. A systematic review was conducted with articles identified through Econlit, Medline, PsychINFO, and ERIC databases. Only full economic evaluations comparing two or more options, considering both costs and outcomes were included. We assessed the quality of the studies using the Drummond checklist. We identified 44 studies of varying quality that met inclusion criteria; 22 targeting externalizing behaviors, five targeting internalizing problems, and five targeting other mental health problems including autism and alcohol abuse. The remaining studies targeted child abuse (n = 5), obesity (n = 3), and general health (n = 4). Studies varied considerably and many suffered from methodological limitations, such as limited costing perspectives, challenges with outcome measurement and short-time horizons. Parenting interventions showed good value for money in particular for preventing child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. For the prevention of child abuse, some programs had the potential of being cost-saving over the longer-term. Interventions were not cost-effective for the treatment of autism and obesity. Future research should include a broader spectrum of societal costs and quality-of-life impacts on both children and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Sampaio
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3 (Entry A11), 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Camilla Nystrand
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3 (Entry A11), 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inna Feldman
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3 (Entry A11), 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cathrine Mihalopoulos
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Natali L, Cardi V, Lunghi M, Ferrara R, Marconi L, Bottesi G. The Acceptability of a Psychoeducation and Skill-Based Training for Carers and Teachers to Cope with Risky Behaviours in Adolescence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 38255352 PMCID: PMC10814090 DOI: 10.3390/children11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence psychopathology is associated with an increased risk of psychological difficulties in adulthood. Early interventions for youth should provide carers and teachers with knowledge and skills to respond to adolescents' risky behaviours. This study evaluated the acceptability and effectiveness of a single 3-h workshop, combining psychoeducation and skills training to promote knowledge about, and confidence to address, adolescents' risky behaviours in carers and teachers of adolescents aged 10-14. Demographics and perceived self-efficacy in the parental or teaching role were collected at baseline using self-report questionnaires. Motivation and confidence to respond to adolescents' risky behaviours were measured before and after the workshop using motivational rulers. Participants provided written feedback about their experience about the workshop. Twenty-seven carers and 27 teachers attended the workshops. Teachers reported a significant increase in both importance (p = 0.021) and confidence (p < 0.001) to respond to risky behaviours following the workshop. This change was associated with baseline self-efficacy levels (importance: p = 0.011; confidence: p = 0.002). Carers also reported greater confidence to address risky behaviours following the workshop (p = 0.002). Participants found the contents and methods of the workshop highly acceptable. Online and multiple-session workshops might increase reach and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Natali
- Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (V.C.); (M.L.); (R.F.); (L.M.)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Cardi
- Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (V.C.); (M.L.); (R.F.); (L.M.)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Marco Lunghi
- Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (V.C.); (M.L.); (R.F.); (L.M.)
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ferrara
- Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (V.C.); (M.L.); (R.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Linda Marconi
- Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (V.C.); (M.L.); (R.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Centro di Ateneo Servizi Clinici Universitari Psicologici, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.N.); (V.C.); (M.L.); (R.F.); (L.M.)
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Bornstein MH, Esposito G. Coregulation: A Multilevel Approach via Biology and Behavior. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1323. [PMID: 37628322 PMCID: PMC10453544 DOI: 10.3390/children10081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we explore the concept of coregulation, which encompasses the mutual adaptation between partners in response to one another's biology and behavior. Coregulation operates at both biological (hormonal and nervous system) and behavioral (affective and cognitive) levels and plays a crucial role in the development of self-regulation. Coregulation extends beyond the actions of individuals in a dyad and involves interactive contributions of both partners. We use as an example parent-child coregulation, which is pervasive and expected, as it emerges from shared genetic relatedness, cohabitation, continuous interaction, and the influence of common factors like culture, which facilitate interpersonal coregulation. We also highlight the emerging field of neural attunement, which investigates the coordination of brain-based neural activities between individuals, particularly in social interactions. Understanding the mechanisms and significance of neural attunement adds a new dimension to our understanding of coregulation and its implications for parent-child relationships and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Bornstein
- Child and Family Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Trento, Italy;
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12
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Campbell SM, Hawes T, Swan K, Thomas R, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Evidence-Based Treatment in Practice: PCIT Research on Addressing Individual Differences and Diversity Through the Lens of 20 Years of Service. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:2599-2617. [PMID: 37465048 PMCID: PMC10350409 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s360302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is an intensive parent support program for caregivers and their children who exhibit difficult-to-manage disruptive behaviors. After more than four decades of research supporting its efficacy for reducing children's disruptive behaviors and improving parent-child relationships, PCIT has become one of the most popular and widely disseminated parenting support programs in the world. The evidence for the efficacy of PCIT can be found in many reviews of randomized clinical trials and other rigorous studies. To add to those reviews, our aim was to provide practical guidance on how PCIT can be part of an evidence-based program for families that depends on practitioner expertise, as well as attention to families' diverse needs. To do this, we describe the evolution of PCIT as practiced in a university-community partnership that has continued for over 20 years, alongside a narrative description of selected and recent findings on PCIT and its use in specific client presentations across four themes. These themes include studies of 1) whether the standard manualized form of PCIT is efficacious across a selection of diverse family situations and child diagnoses, 2) the mechanisms of change that explain why some parents and some children might benefit more or less from PCIT, 3) whether treatment content modifications make PCIT more feasible to implement or acceptable to some families, at the same time as achieving the same or better outcomes, and 4) whether PCIT with structural modifications to the delivery, such as online or intensive delivery, yields similar outcomes as standard PCIT. Finally, we discuss how these directions in research have influenced research and practice, and end with a summary of how the growing attention on parent and child emotion regulation and parents' responses to (and coaching of) their children's emotions has become important to PCIT theory and our practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna M Campbell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Tanya Hawes
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Kellie Swan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Rae Thomas
- Tropical Australian Academic Health Centre, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie J Zimmer-Gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Doyle FL, Morawska A, Higgins DJ, Havighurst SS, Mazzucchelli TG, Toumbourou JW, Middeldorp CM, Chainey C, Cobham VE, Harnett P, Sanders MR. Policies are Needed to Increase the Reach and Impact of Evidence-Based Parenting Supports: A Call for a Population-Based Approach to Supporting Parents, Children, and Families. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:891-904. [PMID: 34989941 PMCID: PMC8733919 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Parents can be essential change-agents in their children's lives. To support parents in their parenting role, a range of programs have been developed and evaluated. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evidence for the effectiveness of parenting interventions for parents and children across a range of outcomes, including child and adolescent mental and physical health, child and adolescent competencies and academic outcomes, parental skills and competencies, parental wellbeing and mental health, and prevention of child maltreatment and family violence. Although there is extensive research showing the effectiveness of evidence-based parenting programs, these are not yet widely available at a population level and many parents are unable to access support. We outline how to achieve increased reach of evidence-based parenting supports, highlighting the policy imperative to adequately support the use of these supports as a way to address high priority mental health, physical health, and social problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L. Doyle
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- School of Psychology, The MARCS Institute for Brain Behaviour and Development, Transforming Early Education and Child Health (TeEACH) Research Centre, Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Daryl J. Higgins
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophie S. Havighurst
- Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor G. Mazzucchelli
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christel M. Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Carys Chainey
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Vanessa E. Cobham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Paul Harnett
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew R. Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
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Robertson HA, Biel MG, Hayes KR, Snowden S, Curtis L, Charlot-Swilley D, Clauson ES, Gavins A, Sisk CM, Bravo N, Coates EE, Domitrovich CE. Leveraging the Expertise of the Community: A Case for Expansion of a Peer Workforce in Child, Adolescent, and Family Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5921. [PMID: 37297524 PMCID: PMC10252488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rise in child and adolescent mental health concerns has led to the need for an expanded workforce to meet the needs of our nation's families. Peer paraprofessionals (PPs) have proven to be impactful in the areas of adult mental health (MH) and substance use disorders, and for persons with chronic medical conditions. PPs can contribute to addressing child, adolescent, and family MH needs by being deployed in community settings and providing both emotional and tangible support to families and children. Additional use of PPs can address equity gaps in MH services by improving access to support and enhancing the cultural acceptability of MH interventions. A concentrated effort to expand and develop this workforce may help to alleviate the strain on the current MH system. The Georgetown University Infant and Early Childhood Certificate program is a paraprofessional training program that prepares community members to meet the MH needs of families with young children. The authors will describe the results of a qualitative study examining the landscape of peer paraprofessional services in DC that was conducted to support the expansion of the peer workforce to include individuals with expertise in infant and early childhood mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A. Robertson
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Matthew G. Biel
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Katherine R. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Sara Snowden
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Latisha Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | | | | | - Arrealia Gavins
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Caslin M. Sisk
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Noel Bravo
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Erica E. Coates
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Celene E. Domitrovich
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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15
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Imhoff R, Hoffmann L. Prenatal Sex Role Stereotypes: Gendered Expectations and Perceptions of (Expectant) Parents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:1095-1104. [PMID: 36944763 PMCID: PMC10102084 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
People assign attributes to a different degree to other persons depending on whether these are male or female (sex role stereotypes). Such stereotypes continue to exist even in countries with lower gender inequality. The present research tested the idea that parents develop sex role consistent expectations of their babies' attributes based on fetal sex (by ultrasound diagnostic), as well as gendered perceptions of their recently newborn babies. A total of 304 dyads of predominantly White expecting parents from Germany were followed over the course of pregnancy until after the birth and completed a sex role inventory on their babies' expected (before birth) as well as perceived traits (after birth). Specifically, they rated to what extent they expected their babies to have normatively feminine traits (e.g., soft-spoken and warm) and normatively masculine traits (e.g., independent and assertive) twice before birth (first half of pregnancy, six weeks before due date) and to what extent they perceived their baby to have these traits eight weeks after birth. The results suggested that fathers held gendered expectations and perceptions, whereas mothers did not. These results suggest that male and female babies are likely to encounter sex role stereotypes about their alleged attributes as soon as their birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Binger Str. 14-16, 55122, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lisa Hoffmann
- Social and Legal Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Ahuja M, Okoro J, Frimpong E, Doshi RP, Wani RJ. Feeling Not Wanted/Loved and Depression: Does Gender Matter? Psychol Rep 2023; 126:712-726. [PMID: 34969338 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211062822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression affects over 17 million American adults yearly and has been identified as the leading cause of disability in people between the ages of 15 and 44 years. There is evidence that feeling neglect or a lack of parental attachment during childhood is associated with depression. One construct that has been overlooked is love from a parent. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between individuals who felt not wanted/loved during adolescence and lifetime depression and to examine this association by gender. We examined 5114 participants aged 24-32 years at Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) public use dataset. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the association between an individual feeling not wanted/loved by their parent/caregiver prior to age 18, covariates, and lifetime depression. We then stratified by gender and ran logistic models for both men and women separately. Overall, 16.2% (n = 827) reported lifetime depression diagnosis, while 16.5% of the participants reported feeling not wanted/loved "often," while 29.8% reported it as "sometimes." Feeling not wanted/loved "often" was associated with higher odds of depression (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI, 2.45-3.66; p < .001) versus "sometimes" (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31-1.90; p < .001). When stratified by gender, feeling not loved/wanted was associated with depression among both men (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.60-5.25; p < .001) and women (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.13-3.48; p < .001). Feeling not loved or wanted by a parent/caregiver during adolescence has serious implications, for both men and women. Future studies should further examine this construct and identify family-based interventions that focus on parent/caregiver and child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Ahuja
- College of Public Health, 4154East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Joy Okoro
- College of Public Health, 4154East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Esther Frimpong
- College of Public Health, 4154East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Riddhi P Doshi
- Center for Population Health, 7712University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA
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17
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Bansal P. Deconstructing Binarism of Psycho-social. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s43076-023-00277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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18
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Exploring Parenting Profiles to Understand Who Benefits from the Incredible Years Parenting Program. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:259-270. [PMID: 35305230 PMCID: PMC9938070 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral parenting programs are a theory-driven and evidence-based approach for reducing disruptive child behavior. Although these programs are effective on average, they are not equally effective in all families. Decades of moderation research has yielded very few consistent moderators, and we therefore still have little knowledge of who benefits from these programs and little understanding why some families benefit more than others. This study applied a baseline target moderation model to a parenting program, by (1) identifying parenting profiles at baseline, (2) exploring their correlations with other family characteristics and their stability, and (3) assessing whether they moderate intervention effects on child behavior. Individual participant data from four Dutch studies on the Incredible Years (IY) parenting program were used (N = 785 caregiver-child dyads). Children (58.2% boys) were at risk of disruptive behavior problems and aged between 2 and 11 years of age (M = 5.85 years; SD = 1.59). Latent profile analyses indicated three distinct baseline parenting profiles, which we labeled as follows: Low Involvement (81.4%), High Involvement (8.4%), and Harsh Parenting (10.1%). The profiles caregivers were allocated to were associated with their education, minority status, being a single caregiver, and the severity of disruptive child behavior. We found neither evidence that baseline parenting profiles changed due to participation in IY nor evidence that the profiles predicted program effects on child behavior. Our findings do not support the baseline target moderation hypothesis but raise new questions on how parenting programs may work similarly or differently for different families.
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Zhu Y, Zhang G, Anme T. Intergenerational associations of adverse and positive maternal childhood experiences with young children's psychosocial well-being. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2185414. [PMID: 36919776 PMCID: PMC10026815 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2185414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are believed to have negative consequences on offspring health. However, positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may be concurrent with ACEs, and little is known about how ACEs and PCEs transmit intergenerationally in the context of each other.Objective: To explore the independent effect of maternal ACEs and PCEs on offspring psychosocial well-being and how ACEs and PCEs are intergenerationally transmitted in their context.Method: Data were 2587 mother-child dyads in Anhui provinces of China. Mothers retrospectively reported their ACEs and PCEs, as well as provided demographic characteristics and their children's psychosocial well-being. Logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations of maternal ACEs and PCEs with offspring psychosocial well-being.Results: Separate unadjusted logistic regression models showed that children with mothers reported high ACEs scores were more likely to have psychosocial challenges (total difficulties and prosocial problems), while children whose mothers reported high PCEs scores were less likely to have psychosocial challenges. When we added maternal ACEs and PCEs to a same model, we found that PCEs slightly neutralised the negative effects of ACEs on offspring's total difficulties and prosocial problems. When stratified by sample, mothers with high PCE scores and higher maternal ACEs were related with a higher risk of offspring total difficulties; mothers with low levels of ACEs and high PCEs tend to report a lower risk of offspring total difficulties.Conclusions: Results suggest that PCEs are positively and intergenerationally transmitted. Results suggest that PCEs are positively and intergenerationally transmitted. More programme should be provided to increase maternal PCEs. When preventing the intergenerational transmission of ACEs, specific interventions should be provided to mothers with different levels of PCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Zhu
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gengli Zhang
- Faculty of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tokie Anme
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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20
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Peng S, Xu L, Chen J, Cai S. Do mothers treat children who are similar to them better? The relation between maternal-adolescent neuroticism congruence and a punitive parenting style. Front Psychol 2022; 13:934783. [PMID: 36600697 PMCID: PMC9807067 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.934783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting style is the relatively stable behaviors parents display during the childrearing process. It is an important factor in children's socialization and the mother-child relationship. The present study aimed to test the relationship between maternal-adolescent neuroticism congruence and a punitive parenting style. A total of 882 Chinese adolescents and their mothers participated in this study. The results showed that maternal-adolescent high-neuroticism congruence was associated with a more punitive parenting style than low-neuroticism congruence. The more incongruent the maternal-adolescent neuroticism was, the less punitive the parenting style. There were moderating effects of adolescent gender on maternal-adolescent neuroticism congruence/incongruence and punitive parenting style. These findings provide a new perspective for exploring the relationship between parent-child interaction and parenting styles.
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21
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Bansal P. Resistance as a Cultural Universal of Human Psyche: a Dialectical View. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2022; 56:981-1001. [PMID: 34458966 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-021-09641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In its overall intent, the paper aims to instantiate the Valsinerian (2018) proposal of resistance as a fundamental process of human psyche. It attempts to use the concept of resistance to challenge the dualistic axiomatic basis of traditional psychology and argues for the benefits of dialectical metatheory in which theory of resistance is grounded. As a fundamental attribute of human functioning, resistance arises out of the tension of contradictions between opposites within the same whole. To grasp its nature and operation, the dialectical metatheory is needed rather than a dualistic metatheory which is endemic in traditional Psychology. The paper contrasts the two metatheories with each other and outlines the basic premises of dialectical metatheory. It also further elaborates the theory of resistance by addressing the three significant questions about the nature of resistance: Is resistance present in all encounters between persons and between persons and culture? Is resistance limited to negation or is it generative? Is resistance central to making development possible and bringing about transformational change? Through the application of dialectical framework in conceptualizing individual and collective relations, the dualistic thinking in cultural psychology about individualism and collectivism as mutually exclusive categories is questioned. Also, it opens out the space for finding the hidden transcripts of resistance in collectivist culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Bansal
- Department of Psychology, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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22
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Development of the Japanese Parenting Style Scale and examination of its validity and reliability. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18099. [PMID: 36302842 PMCID: PMC9613974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting is an essential factor affecting child development. Therefore, several studies have focused on individual differences in parenting (i.e., parenting styles). However, there exist only a few useful scales in Japan, especially for parents who have preschool children. Therefore, a new scale for assessing parenting styles in Japan, based on the traditional theoretical framework, was developed, and examined for its validity and reliability. In Study 1, 82 original items were constructed and 1236 parents with preschool children completed these items. Next, 28 items for the Japanese Parenting Style Scale (JPSS) were selected based on factor analysis and the analyses of the graded response model. The JPSS included four factors: warmth, hostility, permissiveness, and harsh control. The results showed that each sub-scale had sufficient conceptual validity and internal consistency. In Study 2, the criterion-related validity of the JPSS was examined. A total of 1236 parents, non-participants in Study 1, completed the JPSS and other scales. The results showed sufficient criterion-related validity for the scale.
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Kallay E, Cheie L. “Can I still blame my parents?” Links between perceived parenting, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and adolescent mental health. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thomas SR, Woods KE, Mazursky-Horowitz H, Novick DR, Dougherty LR, Glasper ER, Chronis-Tuscano A. Cortisol Reactivity and Observed Parenting among Mothers of Children with and without ADHD. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1605-1621. [PMID: 35416075 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221089025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurobiological models suggest links between maternal cortisol reactivity and parenting; however, no studies have examined cortisol reactivity and parenting in mothers of school-age children with ADHD. METHOD We examined the relationship between observed parenting and maternal cortisol reactivity in two laboratory contexts: the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST) and parenting-child interaction (PCI). Mothers of children with (N = 24) and without (N = 36) ADHD participated. RESULTS During the TSST, greater cortisol output and increase were associated with decreased positive and increased negative parenting. However, during the PCI, cortisol output was associated with increased self-reported and observed positive parenting, and decreased observed negative parenting. Cortisol change during the PCI was associated with decreased observed positive parenting and increased self-reported negative parenting. Among mothers of children with ADHD, cortisol output during the PCI was negatively associated with negative, inconsistent parenting. Change in cortisol predicted more inconsistent discipline and corporal punishment. CONCLUSION Findings contribute to an integrative biological, psychological, and cognitive process model of parenting in families of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Thomas
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,The Ross Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kelsey E Woods
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Waypoint Wellness Center, Annapolis, MD, USA
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25
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Westerberg L, Schmitt SA, Eason SH, Purpura DJ. Home science interactions and their relation to children's science core knowledge in preschool. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 222:105473. [PMID: 35717868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A limited body of work has examined the nature and scope of young children's science-related activities outside of the school context, and thus there is little understanding or consensus regarding what comprises the home science environment (HSE; e.g., interactions, activities, resources) and how specific factors of the HSE relate to children's science performance. The two primary goals of this study were to (a) examine the factor structure of a parent-report measure of home science interactions and (b) evaluate how these factors relate to the science core knowledge of young children from families with low incomes. A total of 125 families with children aged 3 to 5 years (52 girls) participated in the study. Children were assessed on a measure of science core knowledge, and parents completed a brief questionnaire on their home science interactions that included questions pertaining to both home science disciplinary core idea (DCI) engagement and home science and engineering practice (SEP) engagement. Findings revealed that although separating home science interactions into distinct DCI and SEP factors represented the data well, the best overall representation of home science interactions was a one-factor model that included only home DCI engagement items. In addition, home DCI engagement was significantly predictive of children's science core knowledge over and above a large group of covariates, including children's age, race/ethnicity, sex, and performance on math, executive function, and vocabulary tasks as well as their parents' education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Westerberg
- Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sara A Schmitt
- Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah H Eason
- Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David J Purpura
- Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Hardie B. What do parents do? Towards conceptual clarity in the study of parental influence on adolescent developmental and behavioural outcomes. NEW IDEAS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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The role of parenting behavior’s on the intergenerational covariation of grit. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study evaluates parental grit’s covariation with offspring grit and the moderating role of different parenting behaviors using an 11-country study of young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 (n = 20,008) and their parents (n = 5945). Results show that parental grit is associated with offspring’s grit with moderation of parenting present across the models presented. The study also highlights the direct association of various parenting dimensions with grit, especially the positive relation of parental control. These results have important implications for understanding young people’s grit development and learning mechanisms. Findings can serve as foundations for effective intervention programs and practices in this field designed to improve enthusiasm, interest, capacity for hard work, engagement, and motivation in the long run.
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Sherlock P, Blackwell CK, Kallen MA, Lai JS, Cella D, Krogh-Jespersen S, Luby JL, Buss KA, Burns J, Wakschlag LS. Measuring PROMIS® Emotional Distress in Early Childhood. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:547-558. [PMID: 35552432 PMCID: PMC9113325 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Create and validate developmentally sensitive parent-report measures of emotional distress for children ages 1-5 years that conceptually align with the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) pediatric measures. METHODS Initial items were generated based on expert and parent input regarding core components of emotional distress in early childhood and review of theoretical and empirical work in this domain. Items were psychometrically tested using data from two waves of panel surveys. Item response theory (IRT) was applied to develop item calibration parameters (Wave 1), and scores were centered on a general U.S. population sample (Wave 2). Final PROMIS early childhood (EC) instruments were compared with existing measures of related constructs to establish construct validity. RESULTS Experts and parents confirmed the content validity of the existing PROMIS Pediatric emotional distress domains (i.e., anger, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) as developmentally salient for young children. Existing items were adapted and expanded for early childhood by employing best practices from developmental measurement science. Item banks as well as 4- and 8-item short forms, free from differential item functioning across sex and age, were constructed for the three domains based on rigorous IRT analyses. Correlations with subscales from previously validated measures provided further evidence of construct validity. CONCLUSIONS The PROMIS EC Anger/Irritability, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms measures demonstrated good reliability and initial evidence of validity for use in early childhood. This is an important contribution to advancing brief, efficient measurement of emotional distress in young children, closing a developmental gap in PROMIS pediatric emotional distress assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Sherlock
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Courtney K Blackwell
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Michael A Kallen
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jin-Shei Lai
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - David Cella
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kristin A Buss
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - James Burns
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department Medical Social Sciences, Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
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Burt SA. The Genetic, Environmental, and Cultural Forces Influencing Youth Antisocial Behavior Are Tightly Intertwined. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:155-178. [PMID: 35534120 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-015507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors that constitute youth antisocial behavior (ASB) are shaped by intertwined genetic, developmental, familial, spatial, temporal, cultural, interpersonal, and contextual influences operating across multiple levels of analysis. Genetic influences on ASB, for example, manifest in different ways during different developmental periods, and do so in part as a function of exposure to harsh parenting, delinquent peers, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. There is also clear evidence documenting societal effects, time-period effects, sex-assigned-at-birth effects, and cohort effects, all of which point to prominent (and possibly interconnected) cultural influences on ASB. In short, ASB is shaped by individuals' current and prior environmental experiences, genetic risks, and the time and place in which they live. This review seeks to illuminate already documented instances of interplay among the multilevel etiologic forces impinging on youth ASB, with the goal of facilitating additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alexandra Burt
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA;
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Pekdoğan S, Kanak M. Child Temperament as a Predictor of Parents' Potential for Emotional Abuse. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:330-334. [PMID: 34845139 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Children who are constantly criticized and humiliated by their parents and whose needs for affection and attention are not sufficiently addressed are defined as people with personality traits, low self-confidence, and antisocial behaviors. These personality traits have a significant influence on the shaping of the child's temperament. Therefore, emotional abuse negatively affects both the personality and success of the child. In line with this, child temperament was analyzed as a predictor of the emotional abuse potential of parents who have children between the ages of 4 and 6. The experimental group of the study consisted of 237 parents. Data were collected using The Scale for Emotional Abuse Potential of Parents with Children Aged 3 to 6 and Temperament Assessment Battery for Children-Revised: Parent Form. In the data analysis, the intervariable relationship was determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the predictors of emotional abuse potentials were determined by multiple regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between shyness and parents' emotionally abusive behaviors, a significant positive correlation between those behaviors and surgency, and negative affectivity. A positive correlation was found between persistence and the parents' emotional abuse preventive behaviors. In terms of predictive variables, it was found that the causality subdimension of the emotional abuse potentials of parents was significantly predicted by the negative affectivity subdimension of temperament, and emotional abuse preventive potentials of parents were significantly predicted by the persistence subdimension of temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpil Pekdoğan
- Basic Education Department, Education Faculty, İnönü University, Malatya
| | - Mehmet Kanak
- Basic Education Department, Education Faculty, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Adebiyi BO, Goldschmidt T, Benjamin F, Sonn IK, Rich E, Roman NV. Enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days: an exploratory study of South African parents and primary caregivers in low socio-economic communities. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:793. [PMID: 35443633 PMCID: PMC9019930 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first 1000 days is the period between conception and a child’s second birthday. Globally, research on parenting is in an advanced stage, but parenting research focusing specifically on parenting in this developmental phase is limited in South Africa. Therefore, this study explores the enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days through the lens of parents and caregivers in low socio-economic communities. Methods This study was conducted in communities in South Africa considered low socio-economic communities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. An exploratory qualitative research design explored the enablers and barriers to effective parenting within the first 1000 days of life. Thirty participants were purposively selected and interviewed in this study. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for all interviews. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Two main categories emerged (effective parenting enablers and effective parenting barriers) during the data analysis. The main enablers of effective parenting within the first 1000 days of life include a support system, healthy behaviours/environment, unemployment/job opportunities, religion, information/knowledge, and professional assistance. On the other hand, the main barriers to effective parenting were low socio-economic circumstances, environmental circumstances, lack of partner’s support, the negative impact of technology, and lack of access to services. Conclusion Enablers that need to be promoted for effective parenting range from support systems to professional assistance for parents. Also, barriers that need to be removed for effective parenting range from low socio-economic circumstances to a lack of partner’s support for parents. This is because effective parenting is vital in improving developmental outcomes for children within the first 1000 days of life. Therefore, there is a need to develop policies and interventions to promote effective parenting within the first 1000 days in the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatope O Adebiyi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tessa Goldschmidt
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatiema Benjamin
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Inge K Sonn
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edna Rich
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicolette V Roman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Children, Families and Society, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Havighurst SS, Chainey C, Doyle FL, Higgins DJ, Mathews B, Mazzucchelli TG, Zimmer-Gembeck M, Andriessen K, Cobham VE, Cross D, Dadds MR, Dawe S, Gray KM, Guastella AJ, Harnett P, Haslam DM, Middeldorp CM, Morawska A, Ohan JL, Sanders MR, Stallman HM, Tonge BJ, Toumbourou JW, Turner KMT, Williams KE, Yap MBH, Nicholson JM. A review of Australian Government funding of parenting intervention research. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:262-268. [PMID: 35436026 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parenting is central to children's optimal development and accounts for a substantial proportion of the variance in child outcomes, including up to 40% of child mental health. Parenting is also one of the most modifiable, proximal, and direct factors for preventing and treating a range of children's problems and enhancing wellbeing. To determine the effectiveness of new approaches to parenting intervention, and to evaluate how to optimise reach and uptake, sufficient funding must be allocated for high quality research. METHOD We reviewed funding awarded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Australian Research Council (ARC) for parenting intervention research during 2011-2020. RESULTS Parenting intervention research received 0.25% of the NHMRC and ARC research budgets. CONCLUSIONS There is a substantial mismatch between the funding of parenting intervention research and the impact of improved parenting on short- and long-term child outcomes. To rectify this, it is critical that Australian Government funding schemes include parenting interventions as priority areas for funding. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Changes in allocation of funding to parenting research will support the establishment of evidence for the effective development, implementation and dissemination of parenting interventions to maximise health outcomes for children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S Havighurst
- Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Carys Chainey
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Frances L Doyle
- School of Psychology, MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales
| | - Daryl J Higgins
- Institute of Child Protection Studies, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Ben Mathews
- Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Trevor G Mazzucchelli
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.,Division of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology & Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland
| | - Karl Andriessen
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Vanessa E Cobham
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark R Dadds
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Sharon Dawe
- School of Applied Psychology & Applied Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Kylie M Gray
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Adam J Guastella
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Paul Harnett
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Divna M Haslam
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland.,Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Jeneva L Ohan
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Helen M Stallman
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland
| | - Bruce J Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - John W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria
| | - Karen M T Turner
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Kate E Williams
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Marie B H Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria
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Blanchard J, McCrindle BW, Longmuir PE. The Impact of Physical Activity Restrictions on Health-Related Fitness in Children with Congenital Heart Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084426. [PMID: 35457294 PMCID: PMC9028029 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are often restricted from some types of physical activity (PA) despite the lack of evidence regarding the need to restrict recreational PA, apart from those with rhythm disorders. This study retrospectively investigated the associations between parent-reported activity restrictions (on-going need to restrict exertion, body contact or competition) and measures of health-related fitness among 236 children (8.2 ± 2.1 years, range 4−12 years) treated for single ventricle (n = 104), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 48), transposition of the great arteries (n = 47) or atrial septal defect (n = 37). Body mass index (BMI), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; 7 day accelerometry), strength, flexibility, and movement skill assessment results were collected from the baseline assessment research records for two studies completed in Ontario, Canada. A subset of 62 children also had physician-reported activity restrictions. Regression models empirically tested the goodness of fit between the dependent and independent variables. Participants with body contact restrictions from both parents and physicians had significantly higher BMI z-scores (0.23 ± 1.19 vs. −0.32 ± 0.85; t = 2.55; p = 0.04 and 0.66 ± 1.33 vs. −0.02 ± 0.98; t = 2.25; p = 0.02 for CDC and WHO scores, respectively). Otherwise, BMI z-score was not associated with patient variables (p > 0.36; sex, cardiac diagnosis, age, or activity restriction). Children with any type of parent-reported restriction (0.98 ± 2.06 vs. −0.08 ± 1.99; t = 3.77; p = 0.0002) were less flexible. Movement skill (TGMD-2) scores were 50% lower (25.1 ± 31.2 vs. 52.6 ± 28.6; F = 6.93; p = 0.009) among children with parent-reported competitive sport restrictions. Weekly MVPA (p > 0.18) and strength (p > 0.05) were not associated with activity restriction. Children whose parents reported PA restrictions were less flexible, and had decreased movement skill and increased BMI z-scores if the restrictions impacted competitive sport or body contact, respectively. Future research is recommended to confirm these results among larger samples of children who have both parent- and physician-specified PA restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Blanchard
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Brian W. McCrindle
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada;
| | - Patricia E. Longmuir
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-738-3908
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Reiss D, Ganiban JM, Leve LD, Neiderhiser JM, Shaw DS, Natsuaki MN. Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2022; 87:7-188. [PMID: 37070594 PMCID: PMC10329459 DOI: 10.1111/mono.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The focus on the role of parenting in child development has a long-standing history. When measures of parenting precede changes in child development, researchers typically infer a causal role of parenting practices and attitudes on child development. However, this research is usually conducted with parents raising their own biological offspring. Such research designs cannot account for the effects of genes that are common to parents and children, nor for genetically influenced traits in children that influence how they are parented and how parenting affects them. The aim of this monograph is to provide a clearer view of parenting by synthesizing findings from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS). EGDS is a longitudinal study of adopted children, their birth parents, and their rearing parents studied across infancy and childhood. Families (N = 561) were recruited in the United States through adoption agencies between 2000 and 2010. Data collection began when adoptees were 9 months old (males = 57.2%; White 54.5%, Black 13.2%, Hispanic/Latinx 13.4%, Multiracial 17.8%, other 1.1%). The median child age at adoption placement was 2 days (M = 5.58, SD = 11.32). Adoptive parents were predominantly in their 30s, White, and coming from upper-middle- or upper-class backgrounds with high educational attainment (a mode at 4-year college or graduate degree). Most adoptive parents were heterosexual couples, and were married at the beginning of the project. The birth parent sample was more racially and ethnically diverse, but the majority (70%) were White. At the beginning of the study, most birth mothers and fathers were in their 20s, with a mode of educational attainment at high school degree, and few of them were married. We have been following these family members over time, assessing their genetic influences, prenatal environment, rearing environment, and child development. Controlling for effects of genes common to parents and children, we confirmed some previously reported associations between parenting, parent psychopathology, and marital adjustment in relation to child problematic and prosocial behavior. We also observed effects of children's heritable characteristics, characteristics thought to be transmitted from parent to child by genetic means, on their parents and how those effects contributed to subsequent child development. For example, we found that genetically influenced child impulsivity and social withdrawal both elicited harsh parenting, whereas a genetically influenced sunny disposition elicited parental warmth. We found numerous instances of children's genetically influenced characteristics that enhanced positive parental influences on child development or that protected them from harsh parenting. Integrating our findings, we propose a new, genetically informed process model of parenting. We posit that parents implicitly or explicitly detect genetically influenced liabilities and assets in their children. We also suggest future research into factors such as marital adjustment, that favor parents responding with appropriate protection or enhancement. Our findings illustrate a productive use of genetic information in prevention research: helping parents respond effectively to a profile of child strengths and challenges rather than using genetic information simply to identify some children unresponsive to current preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
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Linares DE, Kandasamy V, Vladutiu CJ. Lifecourse factors associated with flourishing among US children aged 1-5 years. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:298-310. [PMID: 34791734 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine the association between lifecourse factors and flourishing among children ages 1-5 years. STUDY DESIGN Using data from the combined 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 18 007 children aged 1-5 years), flourishing was defined as parent-reported child's affection, resilience, curiosity about learning, and affect. Multivariable logistic regression modelled the associations between lifecourse factors and flourishing. These factors were identified according to the lifecourse health development model. RESULTS Approximately 63% of children aged 1-5 years were flourishing. Children who were female (vs. male, adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.11), White, non-Hispanic (vs. Black, non-Hispanic, APR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.26), not having a special health care need (vs. special health care need, APR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26), not having an emotional, developmental or behavioural disorder (EBD) (vs. EBD, APR 1.66, 95% CI:1.23-2.10), spoke English at home (vs. other language, APR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54), parents received emotional social support (vs. no emotional social support, APR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21) and who lived in a supportive neighbourhood (vs. not in supportive neighbourhood, APR: 1.12, 95% CI:1.05-1.18) were more likely to flourish. Children from households within 0%-99% of the federal poverty level (APR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98) were less likely to be flourishing compared with their counterparts from households within 400% of the federal poverty level. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that several lifecourse factors are associated with young children's flourishing, including being female, White, non-Hispanic, not having a special health care need or EBD, English as a primary language, parents receiving emotional social support, having neighbourhood support and a lower household income. Our findings promote the continuation of programmes supporting diverse and low-income children's families and communities such as home visiting and Head Start, which provide avenues for bolstering children's health and development across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Linares
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Veni Kandasamy
- Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine J Vladutiu
- Division of Epidemiology, Office of Epidemiology and Research, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Larkin F, Hollaway L, Garlington M, Hobson J. Guided Participation and Parental Tutoring in Preschool Children with Autism: A Pilot Study of Relationship Development Intervention (RDI). PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2021.2022402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Butler N, Quigg Z, Bates R, Jones L, Ashworth E, Gowland S, Jones M. The Contributing Role of Family, School, and Peer Supportive Relationships in Protecting the Mental Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2022; 14:776-788. [PMID: 35154501 PMCID: PMC8818094 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-022-09502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents. Previous research has demonstrated that supportive relationships are a key protective factor against poor mental health in children, particularly amongst those who have experienced adversity. However, fewer studies have examined the relative impact of different types of supportive relationships. The current study examined the association between level of family adult support, school adult support, and school peer support and mental wellbeing in a sample of children (age 8-15 years, N = 2,074) from schools in the UK. All three sources of support were independently associated with mental wellbeing. Analyses demonstrated a graded relationship between the number of sources of support and the odds of low mental wellbeing (LMWB), reflecting a cumulative protective effect. While all three sources of support were best, it was not vital, and analyses demonstrated a protective effect of school sources of support on LMWB amongst children with low family support. Peer support was found to be particularly important, with prevalence of LMWB similar amongst children who had high peer support (but low family and school adult support), and those who had high family and school adult support, (but low peer support), indicating that high peer support has an equivalent impact of two other protective factors. Findings from the study highlight the crucial context schools provide in fostering positive peer relationships and supportive teacher-student relationships to promote mental health and resilience for all children, including both those with and without supportive home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Butler
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP UK
| | - Zara Quigg
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP UK
| | - Rebecca Bates
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP UK
| | - Lisa Jones
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP UK
| | - Emma Ashworth
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Parenting, Peers and Psychosocial Adjustment: Are the Same-or Different-Children Affected by Each? J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:443-457. [PMID: 35076830 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prospective research presented herein extends work on parent and peer effects on adolescent psychosocial adjustment by looking beyond average effects. Instead, it considers variation in susceptibility to each source of influence in order to assess the extent to which those individuals most and least susceptible to parent effects are similarly-or differentially-susceptible to peer effects. Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1364, 48.3% female, age range: 10-15 yrs., race/ethnicity: 80.4% white, 12.9% black and 6.7% other) was analyzed to assess the degree to which each child was susceptible to parent and peer effects. Toward this end, an influence statistic, DFBETAS, was used. A significant and moderate positive association between the two susceptibility effects indicated that children most or least susceptible to the effects of quality of parenting proved to be similarly affected by their peers, although this was not the case for a substantial minority of youth. The fact that at least some children vary dramatically in the effects to which they are most susceptible is discussed with respect to potential targets of intervention, namely, parents or peers.
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The Influence of Parent Media Use, Parent Attitude on Media, and Parenting Style on Children's Media Use. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9010037. [PMID: 35053662 PMCID: PMC8774813 DOI: 10.3390/children9010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parents play a vital role in mediating children’s media use, especially at a young age. We examined the link between the media use of younger children and the media use, attitude toward media, and parenting styles of parents. One thousand and twenty parents of children between 4 and 6 years of age completed a questionnaire on their media use, positive and negative attitudes on media, parenting styles, and the media use of their children. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant positive relation between the parent’s media time and the child’s daytime and nighttime media use. Additionally, the parent’s positive attitude toward media use was positively related to the child’s daytime media use, but not the child’s nighttime media use, while the parent’s negative attitude toward media was not associated with the child’s daytime and nighttime media use. Further, among the seven parenting styles, material rewards and autonomy were positively associated with the child’s daytime media use. Discipline was negatively related to the child’s nighttime media use, whereas material rewards were positively associated with the child’s nighttime media use. Collectively, the parent’s positive attitude toward media use was the strongest predictor of the child’s daytime media use, and material rewards were the strongest predictor of the child’s nighttime media use. These results can be of significant use to inform policymakers, researchers, and parents regarding the development of parental guidelines on children’s media use.
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Abstract
In emerging adulthood, when many young people are away from their families for the first time, mobile phones become an important conduit for maintaining relationships with parents. Yet, objective assessment of the content and frequency of text messaging between emerging adults and their parents is lacking in much of the research to date. We collected two weeks of text messages exchanged between U.S. college students (N = 238) and their parents, which yielded nearly 30,000 parent-emerging adult text messages. We coded these text message exchanges for traditional features of parent-emerging adult communication indexing positive connection, monitoring and disclosures. Emerging adults texted more with mothers than with fathers and many messages constitute parental check-ins and emerging adult sharing regarding youth behavior and well-being. Findings highlight that both the frequency and content of parent-emerging adult text messages can be linked with positive (perceived text message support) and negative (perceived digital pressure) aspects of the parent-emerging adult relationship. The content of parent-emerging adult text messages offers a valuable, objective window into the nature of the parent-emerging adult relationships in the digital age of the 21st century.
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Klevens J, Treves-Kagan S, Metzler M, Merrick M, Reidy MC, Herbst JH, Ports K. Association of public explanations of why children struggle and support for policy solutions using a national sample. ANALYSES OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC POLICY : ASAP 2021; 22:268-285. [PMID: 37180092 PMCID: PMC10174280 DOI: 10.1111/asap.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Despite evidence showing the importance of structural determinants for child well-being and the existence of policies that can promote child well-being, many communities are not adopting these policies. Limited awareness of structural determinants may explain this gap. This study establishes the public's recognition of structural determinants and their associations with support for policies that promote child well-being. Methods Secondary analyses of survey data collected in 2019 from a random sample of 2496 adults in the United States. This survey asked why some children "struggle" (e.g., do poorly in school, use drugs, or get involved in crime). Respondents could select individual (e.g., lack of effort) and structural (e.g., low wages) explanations. Respondents were also asked about their support for policies that are supportive of children and families. Results Stronger beliefs of structural explanations were associated with greater support for policies that strengthen family economics, family-friendly work, and afford access to high-quality early childcare and education. Beliefs in individual explanations were inversely associated with support for these policies. Conclusions These findings suggest increasing recognition of the structural determinants that hinder child development may help increase support for policies that are effective in improving children's outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Klevens
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah Treves-Kagan
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marilyn Metzler
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- TJFACT, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa Merrick
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary Clare Reidy
- Training & Organizational Development Department, Health Federation of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey H. Herbst
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katie Ports
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kim JJ, Gonzales NA. Who's Influencing Who? Adolescent Symptomatology and Caregiver Mindful Parenting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:1172-1187. [PMID: 34021939 PMCID: PMC8606612 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mindful parenting is linked to positive youth emotion regulation, mental health, and parent-child relationship quality. We examined bidirectional relations between adolescent mental health and mindful parenting among a diverse sample of 249 7th grade students and their female (N = 232) and male caregivers (N = 120). We conducted multiple-group cross-lagged models (grouped by adolescent sex). Female adolescents' externalizing symptoms predicted decreased female caregiver mindful parenting six months later, but male and female adolescent externalizing behaviors were negatively associated with male caregivers' mindful parenting one year later. Findings suggest mindful parenting capacities are vulnerable to disruption via adolescent problem behavior. Mindful parenting's potential benefits, caveats, and need to support parent efforts to sustain mindful parenting amidst adolescents' externalizing behaviors are discussed.
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43
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Evaluating the Effect of Parent-Child Interactive Groups in a School-Based Parent Training Program: Parenting Behavior, Parenting Stress and Sense of Competence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 54:692-710. [PMID: 34734361 PMCID: PMC10140126 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Exploring Together program is a group-based parent training program that comprises separate parent, child, and teacher components, and a combined parent-child interactive component. A cluster-randomized trial design was used to compare the Exploring Together program with (Exploring Together; ET) and without (Exploring Together-Adapted; ET-Adapted) the parent-child interactive component. One hundred and thirty-six parents and their children (aged 5-10 years) with externalizing and/or internalizing problems participated in the trial, recruited from primary schools. There was a significant reduction in negative parenting behavior across both treatment groups (ET and ET-Adapted) but no significant improvement in positive parenting behaviors. Parenting self-efficacy improved significantly across both treatment groups however there was no significant change in parenting satisfaction or parenting stress. There was no consistent evidence of superiority of one version of the Exploring Together program over the other. Further investigation regarding treatment dosage and mastery of parenting skills associated with the program is warranted.
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Wang S, Hu BY, LoCasale-Crouch J, Li J. Supportive parenting and social and behavioral development: Does classroom emotional support moderate? JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Quintigliano M, Trentini C, Fortunato A, Lauriola M, Speranza AM. Role of Parental Attachment Styles in Moderating Interaction Between Parenting Stress and Perceived Infant Characteristics. Front Psychol 2021; 12:730086. [PMID: 34744898 PMCID: PMC8564486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By employing the transactional model of development and focusing on the multifactorial nature of parenting, this study aimed to (1) examine whether important risk factors, particularly mothers' insecure attachment styles and parenting stress contribute to the perception of their infants' characteristics and (2) explore whether maternal attachment styles moderate the relationship between parenting stress and perceived infants' characteristics. We recruited 357 mothers (age: 34.23; ± 5.38) who had 1-year-old infants (161 males and 196 females; age: 12.70; ± 1.60 months). All the mothers completed three self-report instruments: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and 1st-Year Inventory (FYI). Although the latter was originally developed to determine the risk for autism in 1-year-olds, it was employed in this study to measure infant's characteristics within two domains: social communication and sensory regulatory functions. Multiple regression analyses revealed that one of the PSI-SF dimensions - specifically the Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction - contributed to mothers' perceptions of their children's social communication abilities, whereas the attachment style did not. Other multiple regression analyses showed that all the dimensions of parenting stress - that is, Parenting Distress (PD), Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI), and Difficult Child (DC) - contributed to mothers' perceptions of their sensory regulatory abilities. The attachment styles, particularly anxious attachment, contributed significantly to a biased perception of these abilities controlled for parenting stress. Mothers reporting high levels of avoidance and high levels of PD viewed their children as less able in the social communicative domain (SC Dom) than if they had low levels of PD. By contrast, when levels of avoidance were low, mothers with high PD perceived their children as less difficult in the SC Dom than those with low levels of PD. Moreover, high avoidance levels influenced how mothers who considered the interaction with their children as difficult perceived them as having greater difficulties in relation to sensory regulatory domain (SR Dom). By contrast, mothers with high levels of anxiety high levels of PD view their children as less able in the SC Dom than if they had low levels of PD. When mothers' levels of anxiety were very low, those with high PD viewed their children as less difficult in the SC Dom in comparison to those with low levels of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Quintigliano
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Trentini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandro Fortunato
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lauriola
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Speranza
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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46
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The Effects of Gendered Parenting on Child Development Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 23:553-576. [PMID: 32681376 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gender role development occurs in the earliest months and years of a child's life. Parental attitudes, behaviours and modelling are likely to play a significant role in this process; however, to date no review has been conducted to consolidate knowledge of the effects of differential parenting on child development. This systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence for differential parenting behaviours based on child gender that affect child development, across six areas (vocalisation, socialisation, play, toys, dress and décor). Searches were conducted for English article using four databases: psycINFO, CINAHL, Sociological Abstract, and SCOPUS. The inclusion criteria were biological or adoptive parents, of a typically developing child aged below five, using any parenting behaviour or strategies that differed by child gender. 45 studies were included in this systematic review (14 vocalisation, 21 socialisation, 7 play, 3 toys). A variety of gender-differentiated parenting behaviours and child outcomes were examined. The review found evidence that parents do respond differently to their children. Parents vocalised differently, used different socialising strategies, played differently and provided different toys to their sons and daughters. This differential parenting was associated with some differences in child development across child gender, including differences in child vocalisation, displays of affect, pain responses, compliance, toy play and aggression. However, the overall quality of the evidence, the lack of longitudinal studies and the heterogeneous nature of the outcomes examined suggest the need for a systematic approach to examining the nature and effects of differential parenting on children's development.
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47
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Bhanot S, Bray S, McGirr A, Lee K, Kopala-Sibley DC. A Narrative Review of Methodological Considerations in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Offspring Brain Development and the Influence of Parenting. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:694845. [PMID: 34489661 PMCID: PMC8417117 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.694845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenting has been robustly associated with offspring psychosocial development, and these effects are likely reflected in brain development. This hypothesis is being tested with increasingly rigorous methods and the use of magnetic resonance imaging, a powerful tool for characterizing human brain structure and function. The objective of this narrative review was to examine methodological issues in this field that impact the conclusions that can be drawn and to identify future directions in this field. Studies included were those that examined associations between parenting and offspring brain structure or function. Results show four thematic features in this literature that impact the hypotheses that can be tested, and the conclusions drawn. The first theme is a limited body of studies including repeated sampling of offspring brain structure and function, and therefore an over-reliance on cross-sectional or retrospective associations. The second involves a focus on extremes in early life caregiving, limiting generalizability. The third involves the nature of parenting assessment, predominantly parent- or child-report instead of observational measures which may be more ecologically valid measures of parenting. A closely related fourth consideration is the examination of detrimental versus positive parenting behaviors. While studies with one or more of these thematic limitations provide valuable information, future study design should consider addressing these limitations to determine how parenting shapes offspring brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bhanot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Signe Bray
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander McGirr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kate Lee
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel C Kopala-Sibley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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48
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Ladis B, Trucco EM, Huang H, Thomlison B, Fava NM. Longitudinal Effects of Peer, School, and Parenting Contexts on Substance Use Initiation in Middle Adolescence. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED SOCIAL WORK (2019) 2021; 18:566-584. [PMID: 34096482 PMCID: PMC8649054 DOI: 10.1080/26408066.2021.1932660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Preventing substance use initiation (SUI) can reduce negative consequences associated with adult substance use disorder. The role of involvement with deviant peers, school connectedness, and parenting quality on SUI was investigated among a community sample (N = 387).Method: PROCESS tested whether three parenting quality factors (Parental Knowledge and Affective Relationships, Parental Control, and Parental Communication and Involvement) served as moderators of two different mediation pathways (involvement with deviant peers and school connectedness) on three SUI outcomes (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana).Results: Involvement with deviant peers mediated the relation between school connectedness and substance use. Low school connectedness predicted high deviant peer affiliation, which, in turn, predicted high SUI. School connectedness did not mediate involvement with deviant peers and substance use. Parenting quality factors were not significant moderators.Conclusion: Supporting adolescents who lack strong school connections may help prevent involvement with deviant peers, which, in turn, may prevent SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Ladis
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, United States
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Hui Huang
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | - Barbara Thomlison
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, United States
| | - Nicole M Fava
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, United States
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, United States
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Dobewall H, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Saarinen A, Lyytikäinen LP, Zwir I, Cloninger R, Raitakari OT, Lehtimäki T, Hintsanen M. Genetic differential susceptibility to the parent-child relationship quality and the life span development of compassion. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:e22184. [PMID: 34423428 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of compassion for others might be influenced by the social experiences made during childhood and has a genetic component. No research has yet investigated whether the parent-child relationship quality interacts with genetic variation in the oxytocin and dopamine systems in predicting compassion over the life span. In the prospective Young Finns Study (N = 2099, 43.9% men), we examined the interaction between mother-reported emotional warmth and intolerance toward their child assessed in 1980 (age of participants, 3-18 years) and two established genetic risk scores for oxytocin levels and dopamine signaling activity. Dispositional compassion for others was measured with the Temperament and Character Inventory 1997, 2001, and 2012 (age of participants, 20-50 years). We found a gene-environment interaction (p = .031) that remained marginally significant after adjustment for multiple testing. In line with the differential susceptibility hypothesis, only participants who carry alleles associated with low dopamine signaling activity had higher levels of compassion when growing up with emotionally warm parents, whereas they had lower levels of compassion when their parents were emotionally cold. Children's genetic variability in the dopamine system might result in plasticity to early environmental influences that have a long-lasting effect on the development of compassion. However, our findings need replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Dobewall
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Igor Zwir
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States.,Department of Computer Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Robert Cloninger
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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50
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Ladd GW, Parke RD. Themes and Theories Revisited: Perspectives on Processes in Family-Peer Relationships. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:507. [PMID: 34203826 PMCID: PMC8232691 DOI: 10.3390/children8060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nearly thirty years ago, we invited a consortium of esteemed researchers to contribute to a volume entitled Family-Peer Relations: Modes of Linkage that provided a state-of-the-science appraisal of theory and research within the newly emerging discipline of family-peer relations. The volume's first chapter was titled, "Themes and Theories: Perspectives on Processes in Family-Peer Relationships", and its primary aims were to identify the processes in the family system that were posited to have a bearing on children's development in the peer system (and vice versa), characterize potential mechanisms of linkage, describe extant lines of investigation, appraise empirical accomplishments, and identify issues in need of further investigation. Here, nearly thirty years hence, we are pleased to have the opportunity to reappraise the theory and research on family-peer relations. In this article, we revisit the primary objectives that were addressed in our previously published "Themes and Theories" chapter but do so with the express purpose of evaluating the discipline's progress. Likewise, we also revisit our prior roadmap and associated calls-to-action to update these entities in light of past accomplishments, current limitations, and pressing sociocultural issues and concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W. Ladd
- Department of Psychology, Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Ross D. Parke
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
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