1
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Shin H. The co-evolution of friend and help relationships and their different relationship formation and social influence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15974. [PMID: 37749221 PMCID: PMC10519936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined adolescents' friend and help relationships to better understand their interrelated nature and the different characteristics of relationship formation and social influence in the behavioral and emotional dimensions of academic engagement. Multiplex networks of friends and helpers were collected (N = 542; Mage = 11.46; 20 classrooms) and analyzed using a multilevel Bayesian social network analysis (multilevel random-coefficients SAOM). The results showed that exchanging help played a role in the formation of friendships, and that friendships provided a relational context wherein help can be exchanged. Observable behavioral academic engagement played a more salient role in the formation of friend and help relationships, and highly engaged (in behavioral) adolescents were more often nominated as helpers. Both the behavioral and emotional dimensions of friends' and helper' academic engagement contributed to adolescents' own behavioral and emotional engagement over time, but the social influence was more salient among friends compared to helpers. These results underscore that examining the dependencies among multiple networks and distinguishing between different dimensions of behavior and emotion are critical to elucidate the complex processes of relationship formation and social influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyoung Shin
- Department of Psychology, Jeonbuk National University, 14-3 Social Science Building, Deokjin-gu, Baekje-daero 567, Jeonju, 54896, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Oldeman MG, Cillessen AHN, van den Berg YHM. Friendships in Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Parental and Friendship Attachment Representations and Intimacy. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023:1461672231195339. [PMID: 37667812 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231195339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The current studies addressed the associations between attachment representations with parents and a single best friend, intimacy behaviors (self-disclosure and support-seeking), and friendship quality in emerging adulthood, using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM). Study 1 (N = 186 dyads) examined whether attachment to parents predicted friendship quality, and whether this was mediated by attachment to their best friend. More avoidance or anxiety with parents predicted lower friendship quality, which was mediated by avoidance or anxiety with their best friend. Study 2 (N = 118 dyads) examined whether self-disclosure and support-seeking mediated the link between attachment with best friend and friendship quality. Anxiety with their best friend predicted lower friendship quality, which was mediated by support-seeking. Anxiety predicted less self-disclosure and support-seeking. We found no effects of avoidance. No partner effects were found in both studies. The findings are discussed in terms of adult attachment theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie G Oldeman
- Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Josol CK, Fisher MH, Athamanah LS. Perspectives of Adults without Disabilities on their Friendships with Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023; 27:613-632. [PMID: 35624542 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221104621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Friendships contribute to positive social outcomes such as the promotion of prosocial behaviors and social well-being and can lead to an overall healthy quality of life. Despite the importance of friendships, little is known about how individuals without disabilities develop and maintain friendships with individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Using a phenomenological research design, the current study explored the lived experiences of 17 adults without disabilities who discussed the development and maintenance of their friendship with an individual with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and subsequently collaborative, open coding was used to identify codes and themes across participants. Three main themes emerged related to 1) factors that facilitated friendship development; 2) factors that contributed to friendship maintenance; and 3) impacts of the friendship for both individuals with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Implications of the results are discussed as well as future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynde Katherine Josol
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marisa H Fisher
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lindsay S Athamanah
- Department of Educator Preparation and Leadership, University of Missouri-St. Louis, USA
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4
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Howlett P, Baysu G, Atkinson AP, Jungert T, Rychlowska M. Friendship habits questionnaire: A measure of group- versus dyadic-oriented socializing styles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285767. [PMID: 37379260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Friendships are central to our social lives, yet little is known about individual differences associated with the number of friends people enjoy spending time with. Here we present the Friendship Habits Questionnaire (FHQ), a new scale of group versus dyadic-oriented friendship styles. Three studies investigated the psychometric properties of group-oriented friendships and the relevant individual differences. The initially developed questionnaire measured individual differences in extraversion as well as desire for intimacy, competitiveness, and group identification, traits that previous research links with socializing in groups versus one-to-one friendships. In three validation studies involving more than 800 participants (353 men, age M = 25.76) and using principal and confirmatory factor analyses, we found that the structure of the FHQ is best described with four dimensions: extraversion, intimacy, positive group identification, and negative group identification. Therefore, competitiveness was dropped from the final version of the FHQ. Moreover, FHQ scores reliably predicted the size of friendship groups in which people enjoy socializing, suggesting good construct validity. Together, our results document individual differences in pursuing group versus dyadic-oriented friendships and provide a new tool for measuring such differences.
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5
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Fitzgerald HN, Owen CK, Shook NJ. Fringe benefits: secondary transfer effects of lesbian, gay, and bisexual contact on transgender prejudice. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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6
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Dutton H, Deane KL, Overall NC. Using Observational Dyadic Methods in Youth Mentoring Research: Preliminary Evidence of the Role of Actors' and Partners' Self-disclosure in Predicting Relationship Quality. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1157-1169. [PMID: 36871089 PMCID: PMC10121698 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-disclosure builds high quality relationships, but knowledge of self-disclosure in youth mentoring relationships is limited by a lack of research and reliance on self-reports. To demonstrate the value of observational methods and dyadic modeling of mentoring communication processes, this study examined the associations between behavioral observation of self-disclosure and self-reported relationship quality in 49 mentee-mentor dyads (mentees: 73.5% female; x̄ age = 16.2, range = 12-19; mentors: 69.4% female; x̄ age = 36.2, range = 19-59). Video-recorded observations of disclosure were coded on three dimensions: amount (number of topics and detail of disclosure), intimacy (disclosure of personal or sensitive information), and openness (willingness to disclose). More intimate mentor disclosure was associated with higher mentee relationship quality, whereas higher amount of mentor disclosure combined with low intimacy was associated with lower mentee relationship quality. Greater mentee openness correlated with higher mentor relationship quality, but more intimate mentee disclosures were associated with lower mentee relationship quality. These preliminary findings illustrate the potential of methods that enable in-depth investigation of dyadic processes to advance understanding of how behavioral processes may influence mentoring relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Dutton
- Faculty of Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Kelsey L Deane
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Kramer KL. Female cooperation: evolutionary, cross-cultural and ethnographic evidence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210425. [PMID: 36440565 PMCID: PMC9703230 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Women and girls cooperate with each other across many domains and at many scales. However, much of this information is buried in the ethnographic record and has been overlooked in theoretic constructions of the evolution of human sociality and cooperation. The assumed primacy of male bonding, hunting, patrilocality and philopatry has dominated the discussion of cooperation without balanced consideration. A closer look at the ethnographic record reveals that in addition to cooperative childcare and food production, women and girls collectively form coalitions, have their own cooperative political, ceremonial, economic and social institutions, and develop female-based exchange and support networks. The numerous ethnographic examples of female cooperation urge reconsideration of gender stereotypes and the limits of female cooperation. This review brings together theoretic, cross-cultural and cross-lifespan research on female cooperation to present a more even and empirically supported view of female sociality. Following the lead from trends in evolutionary biology and sexual selection theory, the hope going forward is that the focus shifts from rote characterizations of sex differences to highlighting sources of variation and conditions that enhance or constrain female cooperative engagement. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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8
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Bedrov A, Gable SL. Thriving together: the benefits of women's social ties for physical, psychological and relationship health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210441. [PMID: 36440568 PMCID: PMC9703221 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between social support and well-being is well established in social psychology, with evidence suggesting that these benefits are especially prominent among women. When faced with an environmental stressor, women are more likely to adopt a tend-and-befriend strategy rather than fight-or-flight. Furthermore, female friendships tend to be higher in self-disclosure and more frequently relied on for social support, which is associated with physical and psychological benefits. Women are also more effective at providing social support, further augmenting those benefits. We begin with an overview of the characteristics of women's social ties and how they can be especially useful in times of stress. We then transition to the benefits of female social networks even in the absence of negative events and incorporate research from health and social psychology to consider the positive implications of having strong social bonds and the negative implications of lacking such bonds. Additionally, we consider cross-cultural differences in tendencies to seek out social support and its subsequent benefits, as well as the need for more research with culturally diverse samples. It remains unclear the extent to which patterns of social support benefits for women vary cross-culturally. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cooperation among women: evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Bedrov
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Shelly L. Gable
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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9
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Park G, Chung J, Lee S. Effect of AI chatbot emotional disclosure on user satisfaction and reuse intention for mental health counseling: a serial mediation model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 36406852 PMCID: PMC9643933 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of chatbot emotional disclosure on user satisfaction and reuse intention for a chatbot counseling service. It also examined the independent and sequential mediation roles of user emotional disclosure intention and perceived intimacy with a chatbot on the relationship between chatbot emotional disclosure, user satisfaction, and reuse intention for chatbot counseling. In total, 348 American adults were recruited to participate in a mental health counseling session with either of the two types of artificial intelligence-powered mental health counseling chatbots. These included a chatbot disclosing factual information only or a chatbot disclosing humanlike emotions. The results revealed that chatbot emotional disclosure significantly increased user satisfaction and reuse intention for a chatbot counseling service. The results further revealed that user emotional disclosure intention and perceived intimacy with a chatbot independently and serially mediates the effect of chatbot emotional disclosure on user satisfaction and chatbot counseling service reuse intention. The results indicate positive effects of artificial emotions and their disclosure in the context of chatbot moderated mental health counseling. Practical implications and psychological mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gain Park
- Department of Journalism and Media Studies, New Mexico State University, 2915 McFie Circle, Milton Hall 158, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - Jiyun Chung
- Convergence and Open Sharing System-Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-Ro, 50212 Hoam Hall, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea 03063
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Department of Media and Communication, Sungkyunkwan University, 25-2, Sungkyunkwan-Ro, 50505 Hoam Hall, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea 03063
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10
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Langheit S, Poulin F. Developmental changes in best friendship quality during emerging adulthood. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2022; 39:3373-3393. [PMID: 36345316 PMCID: PMC9634329 DOI: 10.1177/02654075221097993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine change in four features of best friendship quality (intimacy, companionship, reliable alliance and conflict) from age 19 to 30 by gender and investment in romantic life. To this end, 363 participants (58% women) were asked about the quality of the relationship with their best friend and their level of investment in romantic life at ages 19, 20, 21, 22, 25 and 30. Latent growth curve analysis revealed a slight increase in reliable alliance and companionship and a slight decrease in intimacy in the early 20s followed by a steeper drop for these three features (quadratic trajectories), while conflict declined linearly. Women reported higher levels of intimacy and companionship and less conflict than men did at 19 years old. Also, their intimacy diminished throughout their 20s, slightly at first but more strongly thereafter. For men, it was lower early on and remained stable afterwards. Finally, investment in romantic life at age 19 was associated with change in intimacy levels shared with their best friend. This study confirms that features of best friendship quality change differently from one another during emerging adulthood and demonstrates the influence of gender and investment in romantic life on these changes.
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11
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Zhu Q, Ni J, Hou ZJ, Jia Y. What Job is a “Good Job” for Chinese Undergraduates: An Exploration Study. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453221087975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An exploration study was conducted to explore what Chinese undergraduates considered to be a “good job.” A total of 143 ( M = 21.45, SD = 1.53, 51.04% male) undergraduates from 10 cities participated in this study. The prototype research methodology was applied to explore the underlying complex structure of the “good job.” The results revealed 157 items associated with the “good job” that were merged into two categories “high-quality work” and “high-quality life.” Furthermore, each category included basic- and superordinate-levels prototypes. The structure depicted Chinese undergraduates’ expectations of a “good job” and emphasized the importance of work-life balance among young people. Additionally, traditional Chinese culture was consistently found to have a significant impact on young people’s expectations of a “good job.” These findings have implications for career development research and career counseling practices about Chinese young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jing Ni
- Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhi-Jin Hou
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jia
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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12
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Rogers SL, Cruickshank T. Change in mental health, physical health, and social relationships during highly restrictive lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Australia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11767. [PMID: 34327055 PMCID: PMC8310621 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus first reported in Wuhan City in China in 2019 (COVID-19) developed into a global pandemic throughout 2020. Many countries around the world implemented strict social distancing policies to curb the spread of the virus. In this study we aimed to examine potential change in mental/physical health and social relationships during a highly restrictive COVID-19 lockdown period in Australia during April 2020. METHODS Our survey (n = 1, 599) included questions about concerns, social behaviour, perceived change in relationship quality, social media use, frequency of exercise, physical health, and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown (April, 2020). RESULTS When estimating their mental health for the previous year 13% of participants reported more negative than positive emotion, whereas this increased to 41% when participants reflected on their time during COVID-19 lockdown. A substantial proportion (39-54%) of participants reported deterioration in mental health, physical health, financial situation, and work productivity. However, most of these participants reported 'somewhat' rather than 'a lot' of deterioration, and many others reported 'no change' (40-50%) or even 'improvement' (6-17%). Even less impact was apparent for social relationships (68% reported 'no change') as participants compensated for decreased face-to-face interaction via increased technology-mediated interaction. CONCLUSIONS The psychological toll of COVID-19 on Australians may not have been as large as other parts of the world with greater infection rates. Our findings highlight how technology-mediated communication can allow people to adequately maintain social relationships during an extreme lockdown event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane L. Rogers
- School of Arts and Humanities, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Travis Cruickshank
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Kirmayer MH, Khullar TH, Dirks MA. Initial Development of a Situation-based Measure of Emerging Adults' Social Competence in their Same-gender Friendships. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:451-468. [PMID: 33788357 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a situation-based tool to assess emerging adults' social competence with same-gender friends, providing information about (1) challenges occurring in these relationships, (2) the behaviors used to manage these situations, and (3) the perceived effectiveness of these strategies. Undergraduates (N = 747; 409 women; Mage = 20.16, SD = 1.43) participated in five studies. Transgressions, conflicts of interest, and support situations emerged as key challenges, and emerging adults reported using aggressive, assertive, avoidant, and apologizing behaviors to manage these situations. In general, apologizing and assertive behaviors were judged more effective than aggressive or avoidant behaviors. Results yielded the Inventory of Friendship Challenges for Emerging Adults (IFCEA), which showed expected associations with measures of interpersonal behavior.
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14
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Chen Q, Gao W, Chen BB, Kong Y, Lu L, Yang S. Ego-Resiliency and Perceived Social Support in Late Childhood: A Latent Growth Modeling Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062978. [PMID: 33799400 PMCID: PMC8002070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the change trajectory of schoolchildren’s ego-resiliency and perceived social support and investigated the effect of perceived social support on ego-resiliency across four time points. A sample of 437 children aged 8–13 years (M = 10.99, SD = 0.70, 51.5% boys) completed assessments at four time points. The results indicated that ego-resiliency showed an increasing linear trend and perceived social support showed a declining linear trend. Perceived social support had a positive effect on ego-resiliency over time. In addition, the initial status of perceived social support negatively predicted the growth trend of ego-resiliency, and the initial status of ego-resiliency negatively predicted the declining trend of perceived social support. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishan Chen
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wenyang Gao
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Yurou Kong
- School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Liuying Lu
- School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Shuting Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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15
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Peperkoorn LS, Becker DV, Balliet D, Columbus S, Molho C, Van Lange PAM. The prevalence of dyads in social life. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244188. [PMID: 33370332 PMCID: PMC7769262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A salient objective feature of the social environment in which people find themselves is group size. Knowledge of group size is highly relevant to behavioural scientists given that humans spend considerable time in social settings and the number of others influences much of human behaviour. What size of group do people actually look for and encounter in everyday life? Here we report four survey studies and one experience-sampling study (total N = 4,398) which provide evidence for the predominance of the dyad in daily life. Relative to larger group sizes, dyads are most common across a wide range of activities (e.g., conversations, projects, holidays, movies, sports, bars) obtained from three time moments (past activities, present, and future activities), sampling both mixed-sex and same-sex groups, with three different methodological approaches (retrospective reports, real-time data capture, and preference measures) in the United States and the Netherlands. We offer four mechanisms that may help explain this finding: reciprocity, coordination, social exclusion, and reproduction. The present findings advance our understanding of how individuals organize themselves in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard S. Peperkoorn
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - D. Vaughn Becker
- Human Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Daniel Balliet
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Columbus
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catherine Molho
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul A. M. Van Lange
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Ermer AE, Matera KN. Older women's friendships: illuminating the role of marital histories in how older women navigate friendships and caregiving for friends. J Women Aging 2020; 33:214-229. [PMID: 33297892 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2020.1860632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the role of marital histories in how older women navigate their friendships and how they provide care for, receive care from, and help friends. Nineteen semi-structured interviews with older women (mean age = 75.89) were conducted. All participants had at least a high-school education and identified as non-Hispanic White (N = 19). Three major themes emerged: 1) similarities and differences in friendship among marrieds and unmarrieds, 2) shifts in friendships after marital loss, and 3) caregiving and helping friends. These findings have implications for how older women view friendship and for policies concerning caregiving and friendship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Ermer
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristin N Matera
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA
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17
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Bradford AB, Drean L, Sandberg JG, Johnson LN. They May Disapprove, but I Still Love You: Attachment Behaviors Moderate the Effect of Social Disapproval on Marital Relationship Quality. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1530-1551. [PMID: 31869455 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degree of approval for a relationship from one's social network has been shown to predict relationship outcomes. Additional research has shown that attachment can buffer the negative effects of various factors (e.g., depression) on relationships. Using an actor-partner interdependence model in an SEM framework, we research the effects of disapproval from parents and friends for one's relationship on marital relationship quality for self and partner in a sample of 858 married couples. We also examine whether each spouse's attachment behaviors can moderate these effects. Results indicated that one's own attachment behaviors moderate the effects of their own parents' and friends' disapproval on their self-reported relationship quality for both men and women. Partner's attachment behaviors moderate own friend's disapproval on self-reported relationship quality for men and women; additionally, the main effect of partner's friends' and parents' disapproval became nonsignificant with that test. The findings provide evidence that attachment behaviors of both partners play a role in buffering the negative effects of the social network disapproval on relationship outcomes. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Drean
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
| | | | - Lee N Johnson
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
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18
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Ermer AE, Kanter JB. PATTERNS OF FRIENDSHIP SUPPORT AND STRAIN OVER TIME AMONG MARRIED OLDER ADULTS: THE ROLE OF DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND WELL-BEING FACTORS. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2020.1852048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Garcia-Reid P, Lardier DT, Reid RJ, Opara I. Understanding the Influence of Sexual Risk Taking, Ethnic Identity, and Family and Peer Support on School Importance Among Hispanic Adolescents. EDUCATION AND URBAN SOCIETY 2020; 52:1011-1038. [PMID: 32742004 PMCID: PMC7394403 DOI: 10.1177/0013124518787827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broader academic gains experienced by Hispanic students, who represent the largest minority group in the United States, they remain the least educated of all major ethnic groups, and our understanding of their academic needs and strengths remains woefully inadequate. Therefore, this study examined the risk (e.g., sexual risk taking) and protective factors (e.g., family support, supportive peer networks, and ethnic identity) associated with school importance among Hispanic teens (N = 587) residing in a high-risk, resource poor urban community and the ways in which these relationships vary between adolescent males (46.5%) and adolescent females (53.5%). Schools that are able to harness the numerous assets embedded within the Hispanic community are well positioned to create learning environments that are encouraging, are culturally responsive, and can potentially reduce risk involvement that may interfere with valuing the role of school importance. Implications for school-based personnel are discussed.
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Kashihara J, Sakamoto S. Exploring perceived costs and benefits of first aid for youth with depression: a qualitative study of Japanese undergraduates. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:34. [PMID: 32489419 PMCID: PMC7247138 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early interventions for depression among youth are greatly needed. Although Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) program has been developed to teach the public how to help young people with mental disorders, including depression, it has assumed human altruism and overlooked the possibility that participants would experience conflict between the costs and benefits of helping behaviors. The present qualitative study, therefore, initially explored content of the costs and benefits perceived by youth in terms of helping their peers with depression. METHODS A total of 56 Japanese undergraduates (32 female, 24 male; M age = 20.20, SD = 1.09) participated in the face-to-face survey. They were provided with basic knowledge about helping behaviors and were presented with a vignette describing an undergraduate with depression. Then, they left free descriptive comments on their views of the costs/benefits of helping/not helping the person in the vignette. As supplemental quantitative analyses, we statistically compared numbers of labels (n = 624), which were obtained from participants' comments, across two (costs/benefits) × two (helping/not helping) domains. Finally, we conducted a qualitative content analysis that combined inductive and deductive methods to categorize these labels. RESULTS The supplemental quantitative analyses (i.e., ANOVA and post hoc analyses) on the numbers of labels highlighted that the participants perceived suppressors (i.e., costs of helping, benefits of not helping) as well as motivators (i.e., costs of not helping) in making decision to help peers with depression. The qualitative content analysis mainly showed that: (i) the categories in each domain covered multiple facets of costs and benefits, including negative/positive effects on the participants themselves, the person in the vignette, and interpersonal relationships; and that (ii) the participants perceived the conflicts of costs and benefits regardless of whether they help their peers with depression. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for how young people experience the conflicts between the costs and benefits of helping behaviors toward their peers with depression and reveal specific content of these costs and benefits. These findings could serve as a basis for extending YMHFA programs and designing educational content to promote public helping behaviors in realistic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kashihara
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550 Japan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan
- Present Address: Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University, 5-28-20 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8606 Japan
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550 Japan
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Nielson MG, Xiao SX, Padilla‐Walker L. Gender similarity in growth patterns of support toward friends during young adulthood. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Nielson
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | - Sonya Xinyue Xiao
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona
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van Rijsewijk LGM, Snijders TAB, Dijkstra JK, Steglich C, Veenstra R. The Interplay Between Adolescents' Friendships and the Exchange of Help: A Longitudinal Multiplex Social Network Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:63-77. [PMID: 30969005 PMCID: PMC7064895 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to unravel the interrelatedness of friendship and help, and to examine the characteristics of friendship and help networks. The effects of mutual versus one-sided help relations on friendship initiation and maintenance, and vice versa, were examined. Friendship and help networks were analyzed (N = 953 students; 41 classrooms; Mage = 12.7). The results illustrate that friendship and help networks show some similarities, but only partly overlap and have distinct characteristics. Longitudinal multiplex social network analyses showed that mutual help was important for the maintenance of friendship, but not for the initiation of friendship. Further, particularly mutual friendships provided a context in which help took place. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Cultural model theory versus extensionist and radical extensionist theories of cognition. JOURNAL OF CULTURAL COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41809-019-00046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bottema-Beutel K, Malloy C, Cuda J, Kim SY, MacEvoy JP. Friendship Expectations May be Similar for Mental Age-Matched Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:4346-4354. [PMID: 31302820 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We assessed 3rd-5th grade children's endorsement of 12 friendship expectations, in two mental age-matched (M = 10.15 years) groups; one with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 20) and one with typical development (TD; n = 21). Groups rated friendship expectations similarly for all but one expectation, expressing care, which received significantly higher ratings in the ASD group. Overall expectation ratings were significantly and positively correlated with friendship quality in the ASD group (r = 0.43), but not the TD, group (r = 0.08). Expectations were not correlated with loneliness or self-worth in either group. In children with ASD, expectations pertaining to reliability/trust, kindness/caring, and help/reciprocity were rated highest, followed by togetherness/amusement, and finally by intimacy/disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Bottema-Beutel
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Caitlin Malloy
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Josephine Cuda
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - So Yoon Kim
- Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Julie Paquette MacEvoy
- Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology Department, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, USA
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Dutton H, Bullen P, Deane KL. "It is OK to let them know you are human too": Mentor self-disclosure in formal youth mentoring relationships. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:943-963. [PMID: 30714171 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to capture descriptive data on how mentors self-disclose to their adolescent mentees. Self-disclosure is a normative communication process that facilitates trust and closeness in interpersonal relationships. Despite being a relational intervention, little is known about self-disclosure in youth-mentoring relationships. A total of 54 mentors from 2 community-based mentoring programs in Auckland, New Zealand, participated in this mixed-methods study about their experiences of disclosing to mentees via an online questionnaire. In this sample, mentors disclosed about various topics, including hobbies, school and work, health, beliefs, self-esteem, substance use, emotions, sex, and money. Qualitative analysis identified themes regarding how mentors self-disclose, disclosure influencing positive relationship characteristics, the influence of mentoring programs, challenges with mentee interest and culture clashes, and the perceived effect of self-disclosure on mentees and the mentoring relationship. These mentors disclosed broadly and viewed generally self-disclosure in a positive way, but they also experienced challenges and complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Dutton
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pat Bullen
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kelsey L Deane
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Arizon Peretz R, Luria G. Drivers' social-work relationships as antecedents of unsafe driving: A social network perspective. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2017; 106:348-357. [PMID: 28711863 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce road accidents rates, studies around the globe have attempted to shed light on the antecedents for unsafe road behaviors. The aim of the current research is to contribute to this literature by offering a new organizational antecedent of driver's unsafe behavior: The driver's relationships with his or her peers, as reflected in three types of social networks: negative relationships network, friendship networks and advice networks (safety consulting). We hypothesized that a driver's position in negative relationship networks, friendship networks, and advice networks will predict unsafe driving. Additionally, we hypothesized the existence of mutual influences among the driver's positions in these various networks, and suggested that the driver's positions interact to predict unsafe driving behaviors. The research included 83 professional drivers from four different organizations. Driving behavior data were gathered via the IVDR (In-Vehicle Data Recorder) system, installed in every truck to measure and record the driver's behavior. The findings indicated that the drivers' position in the team networks predicts safe driving behavior: Centrality in negative relationship networks is positively related to unsafe driving, and centrality in friendship networks is negatively related to unsafe driving, while centrality in advice networks is not related to unsafe driving. Furthermore, we found an interaction effect between negative network centrality and centrality in friendship networks. The relation between negative networks and unsafe behavior is weaker when high levels of friendship network centrality exist. The implications will be presented in the Discussion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Arizon Peretz
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
| | - Gil Luria
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel.
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Birnbaum GE, Mizrahi M, Kaplan A, Kadosh D, Kariv D, Tabib D, Ziv D, Sadeh L, Burban D. Sex Unleashes Your Tongue: Sexual Priming Motivates Self-Disclosure to a New Acquaintance and Interest in Future Interactions. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 43:706-715. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167217695556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research has demonstrated the contribution of sexual activity to the quality of ongoing relationships. Nevertheless, less attention has been given to how activation of the sexual system affects relationship-initiation processes. Three studies used complementary methodologies to examine the effect of sexual priming on self-disclosure, a relationship-promoting behavior. In Study 1, participants were subliminally exposed to sexual stimuli (vs. neutral stimuli), and then disclosed over Instant Messenger a personal event to an opposite-sex stranger. Results showed that merely thinking about sex, even without being aware of it, encouraged self-disclosure. Study 2 replicated these findings in relatively naturalistic conditions (live face-to-face interactions following supraliminal video priming). Study 3 extended these findings, indicating that sexual priming facilitated self-disclosure, which, in turn, increased interest in future interactions with the stranger. Together, these findings suggest that activation of the sexual system encourages the use of strategies that allow people to become closer to potential partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dana Kariv
- Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
| | | | | | - Lihi Sadeh
- Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
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Bardone-Cone AM, Balk M, Lin SL, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Goodman EL. Female Friendships and Relations with Disordered Eating. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2016.35.9.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Humiliation lacks an empirically derived definition, sometimes simply being equated with shame. We approached the conceptualisation of humiliation from a prototype perspective, identifying 61 features of humiliation, some of which are more central to humiliation (e.g. losing self-esteem) than others (e.g. shyness). Prototypical humiliation involved feeling powerless, small, and inferior in a situation in which one was brought down and in which an audience was present, leading the person to appraise the situation as unfair and resulting in a mix of emotions, most notably disappointment, anger, and shame. Some of the features overlapped with those of shame (e.g. looking like a fool, losing self-esteem, presence of an audience) whereas other features overlapped with those of anger (e.g. being brought down, unfairness). Which specific features are present may determine whether the humiliation experience becomes more shame- or anger-like (or a combination thereof).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Elshout
- a Department of Social Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands.,b CentERdata, Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Rob M A Nelissen
- a Department of Social Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
| | - Ilja van Beest
- a Department of Social Psychology , Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherlands
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Radmacher K, Azmitia M. Are There Gendered Pathways to Intimacy in Early Adolescents’ and Emerging Adults’ Friendships? JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558406287402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two studies addressed age- and gender-related patterns in early adolescents’ and emerging adults’ conceptions of intimacy in friendships. Forty-one early adolescents and 96 emerging adults in Study 1 and 174 emerging adults in Study 2 described a time when they felt especially close to a friend. Narratives were coded for intimate behaviors and affective feelings. In Study 2, emerging adults also completed a survey assessing intimacy in their closest friendship. In Study 1, emerging adults’ narratives contained more self-disclosure and fewer shared activities than the early adolescents’ narratives. No gender differences in conceptions of intimacy were obtained. In Study 2, although emerging adult men and women reported equal amounts of self-disclosure, emerging adult women reported more emotional support and fewer shared activities. Survey results converged with interview data. Self-disclosure predicted emotional closeness for emerging adult women and men; shared activities also predicted emotional closeness for emerging adult men.
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31
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Vorauer JD. Miscommunications Surrounding Efforts to Reach Out Across Group Boundaries. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2016; 31:1653-64. [PMID: 16254086 DOI: 10.1177/0146167205277808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two studies examined the communication of friendship interest within versus across group boundaries in relatively intimate exchanges. The main hypothesis was that so long as reasonable levels of friendship interest were in place, individuals would be more apt to exaggerate the clarity of their overtures (i.e., to exhibit a signal amplification bias) in intergroup as compared to within-group interaction. In line with predictions, this pattern was evident for lower-prejudice individuals, who were equally interested in ingroup and outgroup members as potential friends, but not for higher-prejudice individuals, who were relatively disinterested in cross-group friendship and instead tended to underestimate the friendship interest they conveyed to outgroup members. In contrast with the implications of past research centering on trait impressions and impersonal exchanges, both of these effects appeared to be driven by heightened feelings of transparency in intergroup as compared to within-group interaction.
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32
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Frey LL, Beesley D, Hurst R, Saldana S, Licuanan B. Instrumentality, Expressivity, and Relational Qualities in the Same-Sex Friendships of College Women and Men. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L. Frey
- Department of Educational Psychology; University of Oklahoma
| | - Denise Beesley
- Department of Educational Psychology; University of Oklahoma
| | - Rebecca Hurst
- Department of Educational Psychology; University of Oklahoma
- Now at Counseling and Psychological Services; Duke University
| | - Star Saldana
- Department of Educational Psychology; University of Oklahoma
- Now at Twin Cities Psychological Services; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Brian Licuanan
- Department of Educational Psychology; University of Oklahoma
- Now at Myriad Behavioral Solutions, Inc.; Newport Beach California
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33
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Mehta CM, Walls C, Scherer EA, Feldman HA, Shrier LA. Daily Affect and Intimacy in Emerging Adult Couples. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-016-9226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Bhardwaj A, Qureshi I, Konrad AM, Lee SH(M. A Two-Wave Study of Self-Monitoring Personality, Social Network Churn, and In-Degree Centrality in Close Friendship and General Socializing Networks. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1059601115608027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examine the role of self-monitoring personality in shaping network change in two important types of social relationships. In a two-wave social network study, we find that individuals with higher levels of self-monitoring derive persistent personality-linked in-degree centrality benefits in the general socializing network but have fading benefits over time in the close friendship network. Simultaneous examination of the formation and dissolution of relationships over time (network churn) reveals that this pattern of network change is shaped by differential reactions of relationship partners to individuals based upon level of self-monitoring in the two network types. Overall, by incorporating the dynamic reactions of relationship partners, the findings contribute to the understanding of the complex relationship between personality and social network development.
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Women favour dyadic relationships, but men prefer clubs: cross-cultural evidence from social networking. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118329. [PMID: 25775258 PMCID: PMC4361571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to create lasting, trust-based friendships makes it possible for humans to form large and coherent groups. The recent literature on the evolution of sociality and on the network dynamics of human societies suggests that large human groups have a layered structure generated by emotionally supported social relationships. There are also gender differences in adult social style which may involve different trade-offs between the quantity and quality of friendships. Although many have suggested that females tend to focus on intimate relations with a few other females, while males build larger, more hierarchical coalitions, the existence of such gender differences is disputed and data from adults is scarce. Here, we present cross-cultural evidence for gender differences in the preference for close friendships. We use a sample of ∼112,000 profile pictures from nine world regions posted on a popular social networking site to show that, in self-selected displays of social relationships, women favour dyadic relations, whereas men favour larger, all-male cliques. These apparently different solutions to quality-quantity trade-offs suggest a universal and fundamental difference in the function of close friendships for the two sexes.
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Schwab AK, Greitemeyer T. The world's biggest salad bowl: Facebook connecting cultures. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Szücs A, Schindler S, Reinhard MA, Stahlberg D. When Being a Bad Friend Doesn’t Hurt. SWISS JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on domain-specific sociometer theory suggests that individual mate value has a great influence on self-esteem. In this study (N = 124), we investigated the notion that perceived high gender typicality increases one’s perceived mate value and thus counteracts the usual decline in state self-esteem following negative feedback. The participants completed a fictitious personality test to assess their individual quality as a friend and received bogus negative feedback. Depending on the experimental condition, participants received a test score close to the mean test score attained by their own or the opposite gender and thus either gender-typical or gender-atypical. Additionally, we included a control condition in which no feedback was given. The results showed that participants in the gender-atypical condition reported lower state self-esteem than did participants in the gender-typical condition or the control condition. This buffer effect was mediated by perceived mate value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Szücs
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Schindler
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany
| | - Marc-André Reinhard
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kassel, Germany
| | - Dagmar Stahlberg
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Mannheim, Germany
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39
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Liu CH. The processes of social capital and employee creativity: empirical evidence from intraorganizational networks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2013.781519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Johansen ST, Selart M, Grønhaug K. The effects of risk on initial trust formation. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svein Tvedt Johansen
- Department of Business Administration and Social Sciences; Harstad University College
| | - Marcus Selart
- Department of Strategy and Management; NHH Norwegian School of Economics
| | - Kjell Grønhaug
- Department of Strategy and Management; NHH Norwegian School of Economics
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41
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Johnson HD. Relationship duration moderation of identity status differences in emerging adults' same-sex friendship intimacy. J Adolesc 2012; 35:1515-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Watkins DC, Jefferson SO. Recommendations for the use of online social support for African American men. Psychol Serv 2012; 10:323-32. [PMID: 22924797 DOI: 10.1037/a0027904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
African American men face greater psychosocial stressors than African American women and men of other racial and ethnic groups, which place them at higher risk for psychological distress. Yet, research suggests that African Americans are less likely to utilize professional mental health services because of their mistrust of the health care system and their need for more specialized and innovative services. Supplemental resources aimed at positive coping and social support for African American men may reduce the likelihood that they experience psychological distress, which could lead to more severe mental disorders. This article proposes the use of online social support for African American men who are in early, nonsevere stages of psychological distress. We examine the unique experiences of African American men, discuss distress among this underserved group, and finally, offer recommendations for achieving an online community for African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne C Watkins
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1106, USA.
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43
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Lun J, Roth D, Oishi S, Kesebir S. Residential Mobility, Social Support Concerns, and Friendship Strategy. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550612453345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present research examined how residential mobility affects the extent to which people compartmentalize friendship activities (i.e., selecting different friends for different activities) and the role of social support concerns in the relationship between mobility and friendship compartmentalization. Studies 1 and 2 showed that people who had moved frequently while growing up or who were primed to think about moving compartmentalized their friendships more if they valued social support in friendship. Study 3 showed that this effect was driven by concerns over social support availability. The findings suggest that residential mobility changes friendship structure in ways that satisfy individuals’ expectations of friendship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janetta Lun
- University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dana Roth
- University of Massachusettes, Amherst, MA, USA
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Schoenfeld EA, Bredow CA, Huston TL. Do Men and Women Show Love Differently in Marriage? PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2012; 38:1396-409. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167212450739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Western societies, women are considered more adept than men at expressing love in romantic relationships. Although scholars have argued that this view of love gives short shrift to men’s ways of showing love (e.g., Cancian, 1986; Noller, 1996), the widely embraced premise that men and women “love differently” has rarely been examined empirically. Using data collected at four time points over 13 years of marriage, the authors examined whether love is associated with different behaviors for husbands and wives. Multilevel analyses revealed that, counter to theoretical expectations, both genders were equally likely to show love through affection. But whereas wives expressed love by enacting fewer negative or antagonistic behaviors, husbands showed love by initiating sex, sharing leisure activities, and doing household work together with their wives. Overall, the findings indicate that men and women show their love in more nuanced ways than cultural stereotypes suggest.
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Schulte M, Cohen NA, Klein KJ. The Coevolution of Network Ties and Perceptions of Team Psychological Safety. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hirayama R, Walker AJ. When a partner has a sexual problem: gendered implications for psychological well-being in later life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2011; 66:804-13. [PMID: 21918124 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbr102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided by symbolic interactionism, we examined (a) whether the psychological well-being of older adults might be threatened if they feel bothered by an intimate partner's sexual unresponsiveness and (b) whether such sexual unresponsiveness of a partner might be compensated by perceived supportiveness of significant others. We explored these questions separately by gender, anticipating that sexual unresponsiveness might affect men and women differently and that support from a partner might be more important for men and support from others more important for women. METHOD Using data from 1,346 participants in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, we conducted multiple group regression analysis and estimated models separately but simultaneously for women and men. RESULTS Although feeling bothered by the sexual unresponsiveness of an intimate partner was significantly associated with both women's and men's depressive symptoms, the moderating effect of the partner's supportiveness was significant only for women. DISCUSSION The results suggest that gender is a key dimension for understanding the relations among negative feelings about sexual relationships, socioemotional support from significant others, and psychological well-being in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hirayama
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
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Demir M, Orthel H. Friendship, Real–Ideal Discrepancies, and Well-Being: Gender Differences in College Students. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 145:173-93. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2010.548413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Hijazi AM, Tavakoli S, Slavin-Spenny OM, Lumley MA. Targeting Interventions: Moderators of the Effects of Expressive Writing and Assertiveness Training on the Adjustment of International University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COUNSELLING 2011; 33:101-112. [PMID: 21660220 DOI: 10.1007/s10447-011-9117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acculturative stress is a common experience for international students and is associated with psychological and physical problems. In a previous study, the authors reported that two stress reduction interventions-expressive writing (EW) and assertiveness training (AT)-had limited overall benefits among international students at an American University. The current analyses of data from that study investigated whether individual differences moderated the effects of EW and AT. Results indicate that greater acculturative stress at baseline predicted greater improvement from both interventions, compared with control. Women benefited more from AT than EW, except that EW improved women's physical symptoms. Men benefited more from EW than AT. Students with limited emotional awareness and expression tended to benefit from both interventions, relative to control. Finally, nation of origin cultural differences generally did not predict outcomes. It is concluded that the benefits of EW and AT and can be enhanced by targeting these interventions to specific subgroups of international students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hijazi
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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A four year (1996–2000) analysis of social capital and health status of Canadians: The difference that love makes. Soc Sci Med 2010; 71:1037-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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