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Joseph NT, Peterson LM. The social status adversity and health in daily life moments study: ecological momentary assessment and ambulatory health assessments to examine meaning and mechanisms. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:402. [PMID: 39030651 PMCID: PMC11264941 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans and those of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are at disproportionate risk for hypertension- and cardiovascular-disease-related mortality relative to their counterparts. Progress in reducing these disparities is slowed by the facts that these disparities are difficult to mitigate in older adults and early origins of these disparities are poorly understood. The Social Status Adversity and Health in Daily Life Moments Study aims to precisely understand the proximal cognitive-emotional mechanisms by which unique social exposures disproportionately impacting these populations influence blood pressure (BP) parameters early in the lifespan and determine which individuals are more at risk. METHODS The study uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring to assess race- and SES-based factors as they manifest in daily life moments alongside simultaneously manifesting cognitive-emotional states and ABP. A sample of 270 healthy African Americans between the ages of 18 and 30 is being recruited to complete two periods of 2-day, 2-night hourly ABP monitoring alongside hourly EMA assessments of socioeconomic strain, unfair treatment, and neighborhood strain during the waking hours. ABP data will be used to calculate ecologically valid measures of BP reactivity, variability, and nocturnal dipping. Other measures include actigraphy equipment worn during the monitoring period and comprehensive assessment of behavioral and psychosocial risk and resilience factors. Multilevel and multiple linear regression analyses will examine which momentary social adversity exposures and cognitive-emotional reactions to these exposures are associated with worse BP parameters and for whom. DISCUSSION This is the first time that this research question is approached in this manner. The Social Status Adversity and Health in Daily Life Moments Study will identify the cognitive-emotional mechanisms by which the most impactful race- and SES-based exposures influence multiple BP parameters in African American emerging adults. Further, it will identify those most at risk for the health impacts of these exposures. Achievement of these aims will shape the field's ability to develop novel interventions targeting reduction of these exposures and modification of reactions to these exposures as well as attend to those subpopulations most needing intervention within the African American emerging adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataria T Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA.
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Wang Y, Hu X, Yang C. The mediating role of community identity in the relationship between social class and life satisfaction: Evidence from Chinese community residents. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:785-796. [PMID: 37874006 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231206675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that social class is an important predictor of life satisfaction. However, the underlying mechanism for this relationship is yet to be fully elucidated. The study examined the underlying mechanism based on the social identity approach to health. Study 1 recruited 577 community residents to complete self-report questionnaires. Correlation analysis showed that social class, community identity, and life satisfaction were positively correlated with each other. Regression analysis showed that community identity mediated the relationship. To increase the replicability and derive causal inference of the results, Study 2 was a randomized control trial (N = 76) that used the resource-availability task to manipulate subjective social class, and found that life satisfaction in the lower-class group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Further analysis showed that social class predicted life satisfaction through the mediating role of community identity. The findings provide potential strategies to enhance community residents' life satisfaction.
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Biggs AT, Seech TR, Johnston SL, Russell DW. Psychological endurance: how grit, resilience, and related factors contribute to sustained effort despite adversity. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 151:271-313. [PMID: 37697826 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2253955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Many concepts describe how individuals sustain effort despite challenging circumstances. For example, scholars and practitioners may incorporate discussions of grit, hardiness, self-control, and resilience into their ideas of performance under adversity. Although there are nuanced points underlying each construct capable of generating empirically sound propositions, the shared attributes make them difficult to differentiate. As a result, substantial confusion arises when debating how these related factors concomitantly contribute to success, especially when practitioners attempt to communicate these ideas in applied settings. The model proposed here-psychological endurance-is a unified theory to explore how multiple concepts contribute to sustained goal-directed behaviors and individual success. Central to this model is the metaphor of a psychological battery, which potentiates and sustains optimal performance despite adversity. Grit and hardiness are associated with the maximum charge of the psychological battery, or how long an individual could sustain effort. Self-control modulates energy management that augments effort required to sustain endurance, whereas resilience represents the ability to recharge. These factors are constrained by both psychological and physiological stressors in the environment that drain the psychology battery. Taken together, these ideas form a novel framework to discuss related psychological concepts, and ideally, optimize intervention to enhance psychological endurance.
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Marshall KH, d'Udekem Y, Winlaw DS, Zannino D, Celermajer DS, Justo R, Iyengar A, Weintraub R, Wheaton G, Cordina R, Sholler GF, Woolfenden SR, Kasparian NA. Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents with Fontan Physiology. J Pediatr 2024; 273:114156. [PMID: 38897381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and global quality of life (QOL) in children and adolescents with Fontan physiology and identify key predictors influencing these outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of 73 children and adolescents enrolled in the Australia and New Zealand Fontan Registry aged 6-17 years, at least 12 months post-Fontan operation. Assessments included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) for HRQOL and a developmentally-tailored visual analogue scale (0-10) for global QOL, along with validated sociodemographic, clinical, psychological, relational, and parental measures. Clinical data were provided by the Australia and New Zealand Fontan Registry. RESULTS Participants (mean age: 11.5 ± 2.6 years, 62% male) reported lower overall HRQOL (P < .001), and lower scores across all HRQOL domains (all P < .0001), compared with normative data. Median global QOL score was 7.0 (IQR 5.8-8.0), with most participants (79%) rating their global QOL ≥6. Anxiety and depressive symptoms requiring clinical assessment were reported by 21% and 26% of participants, respectively. Age, sex, and perceived seriousness of congenital heart disease explained 15% of the variation in HRQOL scores, while depressive symptoms and treatment-related anxiety explained an additional 37% (final model: 52% of variance explained). For global QOL, sociodemographic and clinical factors explained 13% of the variance in scores, while depressive symptoms explained a further 25% (final model: 38% of variance explained). Parental factors were not associated with child QOL outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with Fontan physiology experience lower HRQOL than community-based norms, despite reporting fair overall QOL. Psychological factors predominantly influenced QOL outcomes, indicating strategies to bolster psychological health could improve QOL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate H Marshall
- Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yves d'Udekem
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - David S Winlaw
- Heart Center, Ann and Robert Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Diana Zannino
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David S Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Justo
- Queensland Paediatric Cardiac Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ajay Iyengar
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Service, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weintraub
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin Wheaton
- Department of Cardiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gary F Sholler
- Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan R Woolfenden
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nadine A Kasparian
- Heart and Mind Wellbeing Center, Heart Institute and Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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Schelleman-Offermans K, Dito BB, Gudeta KH, Fourie E, Kebede SW, Mazzucato V, Jonas KJ. Socio-economic inequities in mental health problems and wellbeing among women working in the apparel and floriculture sectors: testing the mediating role of psychological capital, social support and tangible assets. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1157. [PMID: 38658920 PMCID: PMC11044536 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is still unknown whether the mechanisms proposed by the Reserve Capacity Model (RCM) explaining socio-economic health and wellbeing inequities in high income countries can be applied to low-income countries. This study investigates whether different reserve capacities (intra-, inter-personal, and tangible) can explain the association between relative socio-economic position (SEP) and wellbeing outcome measures among Ethiopian women working in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, we collected quantitative survey data among 2,515 women working in the apparel and floriculture sectors in Ethiopia, measuring GHQ-12 mental health problems, multi-dimensional wellbeing, relative SEP, psychological capital (PsyCap), social support (emotional and financial social support network), and tangible assets (e.g., owning mobile phone, having access to toilet facilities). We used cluster-adjusted structural equation modelling to test whether PsyCap, social support, and/or tangible assets mediate the association between relative SEP (IV) and GHQ-12 mental health problems and multi-dimensional wellbeing (DVs). RESULTS PsyCap and the size of the financial support network significantly mediate the socio-economic gradient in both wellbeing outcomes. The size of the emotional social support network shows no association with multi-dimensional wellbeing and shows an unexpected negative association with GHQ-12 mental health problems scores, including a significant mediation effect. Tangible assets show no association with the wellbeing outcome measures and do not mediate socio-economic mental health problems and wellbeing inequities. CONCLUSIONS The RCM can be applied in low-income countries, although in unexpected ways. Similar to findings from high-income countries, PsyCap and size of the financial social support network show significant mediation effects in explaining mental health problems and wellbeing inequities in Ethiopia. These reserves could therefore serve as a buffer for socio-economic inequities in mental health and wellbeing and can therefore assist in decreasing these inequities for women working in FDI sectors in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schelleman-Offermans
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, Maastricht, 6200MD, the Netherlands.
| | - Bilisuma B Dito
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Konjit H Gudeta
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School of Commerce, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elsje Fourie
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Valentina Mazzucato
- Department of Society Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kai J Jonas
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Postbus 616, Maastricht, 6200MD, the Netherlands
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Choi HS, Na H. Factors Affecting Well-Being in Korean Young Adults Facing Material Deprivation: Testing the Reserve Capacity Model. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024; 62:29-38. [PMID: 37646602 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230818-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the reserve capacity model, the current study aims to explore the effect of material deprivation on well-being in Korean young adults using path analysis to investigate the mediating effects of loneliness, relationship satisfaction, perceived social support, and depression. Data from 2,041 young adults in the 2021 Youth Socio-Economic Reality Survey were included in a secondary analysis. According to the constructed path model, material deprivation, relationship satisfaction, perceived social support, and depression had significant direct effects on well-being. The indirect effect of material deprivation on well-being was statistically significant and sequentially mediated by loneliness, relationship satisfaction, and depression. Findings suggest the multidimensional effects of material deprivation on the mental health and well-being of Korean young adults through loneliness and relationship satisfaction-representing intrapersonal and interpersonal reserves, respectively. Policy support and multidimensional practical programs are needed to help materially deprived young adults build and maintain relationships and avoid feelings of loneliness and social isolation. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(3), 29-38.].
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Jiang Y, Knauft KM, Richardson CME, Chung T, Wu B, Zilioli S. Age and Sex Differences in the Associations Among Socioeconomic Status, Affective Reactivity to Daily Stressors, and Physical Health in the MIDUS Study. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:942-950. [PMID: 37369129 PMCID: PMC10578394 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) is robustly associated with increased risks of morbidity and mortality. Affective reactivity to daily stressors has been proposed to be a mediator for this association. However, few longitudinal studies have empirically tested the indirect effect of SES on health through affective reactivity to daily stressors. PURPOSE This study aimed to test the indirect effect of SES on physical health via affective reactivity to daily stressors over a 10-year period and to explore age and sex differences in such indirect effect. METHODS Data were drawn from a subsample of 1,522 middle-aged and older adults (34-83 years of age, 57.2% female, 83.5% White) from the Midlife in the United States study. SES (i.e., education, household income, indicators of financial distress) was assessed in 2004-2006. Affective reactivity to daily stressors was computed using data collected during the 8-day daily stress assessment in 2004-2009. Self-reported physical health conditions were assessed in 2004-2006 and 2013-2014. RESULTS There was a significant indirect effect of lower SES on more physical health conditions via elevated negative affective reactivity to daily stressors among women but not men. The indirect effect of SES on physical health conditions via negative affective reactivity to daily stressors was consistent across the middle and older adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that negative affective reactivity to daily stressors might be a key intermediate process contributing to persistent SES disparities in physical health, particularly among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jiang
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy Chung
- Center for Population Behavioral Health, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Mai Q, Xu S, Hu J, Sun X, Chen G, Ma Z, Song Y, Wang C. The association between socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis patients: multiple mediation modeling. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1234553. [PMID: 37795510 PMCID: PMC10546310 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1234553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), illness perception, social functioning, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of young and middle-aged maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and the internal mechanism of action. Design A multicenter cross-sectional study. Methods An aggregate of 332 young and middle-aged MHD patients were enrolled from hemodialysis centers in four general hospitals in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, from June to December 2022. The questionnaires used included one for general demographic data, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), Social Dysfunction Screening Scale (SDSS), and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Results Both SES and HRQoL were negatively correlated with illness perception and social functioning, respectively. SES was positively correlated with HRQoL. Illness perception was positively correlated with social functioning. The indirect effects of illness perception and social functioning on the relationship between SES and HRQoL were 0.33 and 0.31, making up 41.06% and 38.91% of the sum. The chain indirect effect of illness perception and social functioning was 0.10, making up 12.59% of the total effect, while gender did not play a moderating role. Conclusion Illness perception and social functioning may independently and accumulatively mediate the association between SES and HRQoL. Nurses should consider developing individual intervention program for young and middle-aged MHD patients with low SES, focusing on establishing targeted counseling and health education strategies corresponding to illness perception and social functioning to help patients improve their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Mai
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gangyi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Jung JH, Soo SHJ. Childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health at the intersection of social relationship and education. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:1335-1344. [PMID: 36967579 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231161295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has established that childhood emotional abuse has long-term, negative consequences for adult mental health. Yet, less is known about the ways that social relationship and education intersect to shape the link between childhood emotional abuse and mental health in adulthood. AIM The current study aims to examine whether perceived quality of social relationships moderates the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult mental health. Moreover, it assesses how the moderating effect of perceived quality of social relationship differs across levels of education. METHOD The current study analyzes data from the 2012 Korean General Social Survey, a nationally representative sampling of Korean adults. It uses OLS regression models. RESULTS Childhood emotional abuse is positively associated with depression and psychological distress in adulthood. However, perceived quality of social relationships mitigates the positive association of childhood emotional abuse with depression and psychological distress. Further, this buffering effect of perceived quality of social relationships operates only for individuals with less than or equal to a high school education, but not for individuals with college education or more. CONCLUSION The results lend support to the resource substitution thesis, suggesting that positive perceptions of social relationship act as a protective factor against childhood emotional abuse for individuals with lower levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Jung
- Department of Sociology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shi Hui Joy Soo
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Rahal D, Shaw ST, Stigler JW. Lower socioeconomic status is related to poorer emotional well-being prior to academic exams. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:502-518. [PMID: 36018365 PMCID: PMC9968358 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2110588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People of lower social status tend to have greater emotional responses to stress. The present study assessed whether lower social status was related to greater emotional responses in anticipation of a naturalistic stressor: academic exams among college students. METHODS College students in an introductory statistics class (N = 252; 75.81% female; 18.41% Latino, 25.10% White, 43.93% Asian, 12.56% different racial backgrounds) completed two course exams as part of this naturalistic prepost-experimental design. They provided four reports of positive, depressive, and anxious emotion - one the day before and one immediately after each exam. RESULTS As hypothesized, multilevel models (ratings nested within participants) predicting emotion indicated that students with lower mother's education had less positive emotion, more depressive emotion, and more anxious emotion the day prior to academic exams than students with higher mother's education (proportional reductions in variance [PRV] = .013-.020). Specifically, lower mother's education was associated with poorer well-being before but not after the exam. Exploratory models revealed that differences in emotion by mother's education were strongest for students with lower exam scores (PRV = .030-.040). CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic status may influence college students' anticipatory distress prior to academic exams, which may impact health and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rahal
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stacy T. Shaw
- Department of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - James W. Stigler
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Potter LN, Schlechter CR, Nahum-Shani I, Lam CY, Cinciripini PM, Wetter DW. Socio-economic status moderates within-person associations of risk factors and smoking lapse in daily life. Addiction 2023; 118:925-934. [PMID: 36564898 PMCID: PMC10073289 DOI: 10.1111/add.16116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individuals of lower socio-economic status (SES) display a higher prevalence of smoking and have more diffxiculty quitting than higher SES groups. The current study investigates whether the within-person associations of key risk (e.g. stress) and protective (self-efficacy) factors with smoking lapse varies by facets of SES. DESIGN AND SETTING Observational study using ecological momentary assessment to collect data for a 28-day period following a smoking quit attempt. Multi-level mixed models (i.e. generalized linear mixed models) examined cross-level interactions between lapse risk and protective factors and indicators of SES on smoking lapse. PARTICIPANTS A diverse sample of 330 adult US smokers who completed a larger study examining the effects of race/ethnicity and social/environmental influences on smoking cessation. MEASUREMENTS Risk factors included momentary urge, negative affect, stress; protective factors included positive affect, motivation, abstinence self-efficacy; SES measures: baseline measures of income and financial strain; the primary outcome was self-reported lapse. FINDINGS Participants provided 43 297 post-quit observations. Mixed models suggested that income and financial strain moderated the effect of some risk factors on smoking lapse. The within-person association of negative [odds ratio (OR) = 0.967, 95% CI= 0.945, 0.990, P < 0.01] and positive affect (OR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.044, P < 0.05) and abstinence self-efficacy (OR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.038, P < 0.05) on lapse varied with financial strain. The within-person association of negative affect (OR = 1.005, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.008, P < 0.01), motivation (OR = 0.995, 95% CI = 0.991, 0.999, P < 0.05) and abstinence self-efficacy (OR = 0.996, 95% CI = 0.993, 0.999, P < 0.01) on lapse varied by income. The positive association of negative affect with lapse was stronger among individuals with higher income and lower financial strain. The negative association between positive affect and abstinence self-efficacy with lapse was stronger among individuals with lower financial strain, and the negative association between motivation and abstinence self-efficacy with lapse was stronger among those with higher income. The data were insensitive to detect statistically significant moderating effects of income and financial strain on the association of urge or stress with lapse. CONCLUSION Some risk factors (e.g. momentary negative affect) exert a weaker influence on smoking lapse among lower compared to higher socio-economic status groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey N Potter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chelsey R Schlechter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cho Y Lam
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Unit 1330, Houston, TX, 77230, USA
| | - David W Wetter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Azizoddin D, Olmstead R, Anderson KA, Hirz AE, Irwin MR, Gholizadeh S, Weisman M, Ishimori M, Wallace D, Nicassio P. Socioeconomic Status, Reserve Capacity, and Depressive Symptoms Predict Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Examination of the Reserve Capacity Model. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2758092. [PMID: 37066198 PMCID: PMC10104260 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2758092/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Guided by the reserve capacity model, we examined the roles of socioeconomic status (SES), reserve capacity, and negative emotions as determinants of pain in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods The study used cross-sectional baseline data from 106 adults in a clinical trial comparing behavioral treatments for RA. Structural equation modeling evaluated the direct effects of SES, reserve capacity (helplessness, self-efficacy, social support) and negative emotions (stress and depressive symptoms) on pain, and the indirect effects of SES as mediated by reserve capacity and negative emotions. Results Results showed that low SES contributed to greater pain, through lower reserve capacity and higher negative emotions. Mediational analyses showed that reserve capacity and negative emotions partially mediated the effect of SES on pain. Conclusions The findings indicate that interventions that target negative emotions in patients with low SES may facilitate better pain control with RA. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT00072657; 02/2004.
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Park MR, Choi HS, Lee JY. [The Effect of Socioeconomic Status to Depression of Perimenopause Women: Pathway Analysis Using the Reserve Capacity Model]. J Korean Acad Nurs 2023; 53:249-259. [PMID: 37164351 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on the Reserve Capacity Model, this study investigated the effects of pre- and postmenopausal women's socioeconomic status (SES) on depression, focusing on the mediating effects of self-esteem, happiness, and family relationship satisfaction with social network relationships. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved secondary analysis of national data on 771 perimenopause women gathered from the 16th Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) 2021. A path analysis model was constructed to evaluate the relationship between SES, social network satisfaction, self-esteem, perceived health status, and depression. Data were analyzed using ADANCO 2.3.1 and Mplus 8.4. RESULTS Although SES had no direct effect on depression, it did affect depression through self-esteem, happiness, and satisfaction with family relationships. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that perimenopausal women's personal resources-psychosocial variables such as self-esteem and happiness-had a higher effect on depression than tangible reserves like SES. Therefore, interventions for enhancing self-esteem and happiness may prevent depression in perimenopausal women effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Park
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Lee
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Liu X, Zheng X, Lee BY, Yu Y, Zhang M. COVID-19 and employee job performance trajectories: The moderating effect of different sources of status. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 142:103862. [PMID: 36874986 PMCID: PMC9957343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employee job performance trajectories, and further examines the moderating effects of different sources of status. Drawing from event system theory (EST), we propose that employee job performance decreases upon COVID-19 onset, but gradually increases during the postonset period. Furthermore, we argue that status from society, occupation, and workplace functions to moderate such performance trajectories. We test our hypotheses with a unique dataset of 708 employees that combines survey responses and job performance archival data over 21 consecutive months (10,808 observations) spanning the preonset, onset, and postonset periods of the initial encounter with COVID-19 in China. Utilizing discontinuous growth modeling (DGM), our findings indicate that the onset of COVID-19 created an immediate decrease in job performance, but such decrease was weakened by higher occupation and/or workplace status. However, the postonset period resulted in a positive employee job performance trajectory, which was strengthened for employees with lower occupational status. These findings enrich our understanding of COVID-19's impact on employee job performance trajectories, highlight the role of status in moderating such changes over time, and also provide practical implications to understand employee performance when facing such a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Renmin Business School, Renmin University of China, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Byron Y Lee
- China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), China
| | - Yu Yu
- School of Business Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, China
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15
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Paoletti J, Chen MA, Wu-Chung EL, Brown RL, LeRoy AS, Murdock KW, Heijnen CJ, Fagundes CP. Employment and family income in psychological and immune outcomes during bereavement. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 150:106024. [PMID: 36702040 PMCID: PMC9974808 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spousal bereavement is one of the most stressful experiences in adulthood. In a sample of 183 widow(er)s, bereaved about three months prior, we examined the intersection of employment, family income, and health outcomes (proinflammatory marker production, perceived stress, and grief symptoms). Bereaved employees had higher levels of monocyte-stimulated interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, chemokine ligands 4, and perceived stress than bereaved retirees. We also found an interaction such that family income was positively associated with perceived stress and grief symptoms for employed window(er)s, but not for retirees. These findings align with the reserve capacity model, which states that people at higher levels of socioeconomic status have more psychosocial resources to address psychosocial stressors. Employment likely served as an added psychological and inflammatory burden for all bereaved workers, except those with the highest incomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan L Brown
- University of California San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | - Cobi J Heijnen
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Rice University, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States; Baylor College of Medicine, United States
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16
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Lu J, Xiao Y. Do Socioeconomic Disparities Matter? Unraveling the Impacts of Online Vaccine Misinformation on Vaccination Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 28:91-101. [PMID: 36855812 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2185320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about whether and how groups at high risk of COVID-19 are more likely affected by online vaccine misinformation during the pandemic. This study examined the associations between exposure to online vaccine misinformation and vaccination intention through vaccination perceptions and investigated the moderating role of individuals' socioeconomic status. eHealth literacy was also investigated as a protective factor that mediated the effect of socioeconomic status. A survey of 1,700 Chinese netizens revealed that increased exposure to online COVID-19 vaccine misinformation predicted lower vaccination intention, which was mediated by negative attitudes, lowered subjective norms, lowered perceived benefits, and higher perceived barriers toward vaccination. Socio-economic status (i.e. education, income, and residence), in general, did not guarantee individuals against the negative impacts of vaccine misinformation. eHealth literacy is critical in reducing susceptibility to vaccine misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Lu
- School of New Media and Communication, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- School of New Media and Communication, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Liebe RA, Adams LM, Hedrick VE, Serrano EL, Porter KJ, Cook NE, Misyak SA. Developing a conceptual framework for the relationship between food security status and mental health among low-income mothers. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1078811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBuilding household resiliency is one strategy that may help insulate households from the effects of food system volatility that contributes to in food insecurity. A stronger understanding of the relationship between food security and mental health is needed to identify potential factors for intervention to improve household resiliency to food system stressors. Because mothers often make household food decisions, they are an important population for building household resiliency. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a conceptual framework for the relationship between food security and mental health for low-income mothers and to identify potential targets for intervention.MethodsA conceptual framework was developed based on the existing literature on mental health and food security, as well as factors that impact both constructs. This framework was tested by a path analysis using data from a 2021 cross-sectional survey of low-income Virginia mothers that used validated scales to assess food security status, indicators of mental and physical health, food coping strategies, and social support.Results and discussionThe initial model was systematically adapted to develop the final retained model. The retained model did not include a direct effect of food security on mental health, but highlighted two significant mediators of the relationship, food coping strategies and social support. While the effect of social support was not practically significant, the effects of food coping strategies as a mediator from food security to perceived stress and life satisfaction were small (β = 0.21, 0.14, respectively; p < 0.001). The retained model provides a framework for understanding the relationship between food security and mental health and highlights potential targets for intervention. Notably, reducing the need for mothers to utilize food coping strategies should be targeted on multiple levels to reduce the impact on mental health and ultimately improve resiliency to future food system shocks.
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18
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Schmitt HJ, Black AL, Keefer LA, Sullivan D. In a double-bind: Time-space distanciation, socioeconomic status, and coping with financial stress in the United States. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62 Suppl 1:111-135. [PMID: 36289567 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychological research has shown that lower socioeconomic status (SES) individuals experience higher levels of stress and tend to cope in more present-oriented ways. While some research in the field has sought to, for instance, increase future-oriented ways of being among lower SES individuals, we argue that such approaches may come at significant cost. We consider the construct of time-space distanciation (TSD) - the normative way in which time and space are abstracted from one another at cultural and individual levels - as a way to complicate psychological research on social class, stress, and coping. Across four studies, we present research on US geographical regions (Studies 1-2) and US participants (Studies 3-4) suggesting that adopting normative high-TSD orientations represents a double-bind for lower SES individuals: it allows one to enact more proactive coping strategies in the face of financial stressors such as debt (Studies 1-3), but it is also a source of disproportionate stress itself (Study 4), given the burdens faced by lower SES individuals trying to navigate time and space in culturally hegemonic ways in spite of precarity and material insecurity. We discuss how TSD offers a means of situating psychological research into precarity within the broader structural context of flexible capitalism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeena L Black
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lucas A Keefer
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Daniel Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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19
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Mattheiss SR, Levinson H, Rosenberg-Lee M, Graves WW. Exposure to violence is associated with decreased neural connectivity in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory, networks after accounting for socioeconomic status: a preliminary study. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2022; 18:15. [PMID: 36503615 PMCID: PMC9743673 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-022-00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated behavioral and neural differences associated with experiencing adversity. However, adversity is unlikely to be a monolithic construct, and we expect that examining effects of more specific components such as exposure to violence in the home community will yield more concretely interpretable results. Here we account for effects of low socioeconomic status (SES) to examine the specific effects of exposure to violence on functional connectivity between brain areas known to be related to emotion regulation and working memory. Decreased resting state functional connectivity for individuals exposed to high compared to low levels of violence during childhood was predicted for two sets of areas: (1) bilateral amygdala with anterior medial regions involved in cognitive control of emotion, and (2) the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) with frontal and parietal regions implicated in working memory. Consistent with our predictions, increasing exposure to violence was related to decreased resting state functional connectivity between the right amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex, even after accounting for SES. Also after accounting for SES, exposure to violence was related to reductions in connectivity between the right dlPFC and frontal regions, but not with parietal regions typically associated with working memory. Overall, this pattern suggests increased exposure to violence in childhood is associated with reduced connectivity among key areas of the circuitry involved in emotion regulation and cognitive control, but not working memory. These results offer insight into the neural underpinnings of behavioral outcomes associated with exposure to violence, laying the foundation for ultimately designing interventions to address the effects of such exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Mattheiss
- grid.454556.30000 0000 9565 5747Psychology Department, Felician University, Lodi, NJ USA
| | - Hillary Levinson
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Miriam Rosenberg-Lee
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ USA
| | - William W. Graves
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Psychology Department, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, NJ USA
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20
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Ren Z, Yue G, Xiao W, Fan Q. The Influence of Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Life Satisfaction: The Chain Mediating Role of Social Equity and Social Trust. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15652. [PMID: 36497727 PMCID: PMC9738263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Life satisfaction is significantly influenced by social capital, a key sociological term that links people to their social surroundings. Through a survey of 17,217 Chinese residents, this study investigated the probable processes of how subjective socioeconomic status affects life satisfaction within the framework of social capital. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between subjective socioeconomic status and life satisfaction. Subjective socioeconomic status influences citizens' life satisfaction not only through the independent mediating effects of perceived social equity and social trust, but also through the chain mediation of perceived social equity and social trust. This research advances our knowledge of the mechanisms behind the association between subjective socioeconomic status and life satisfaction. In improving citizens' life satisfaction, we should not only provide sufficient subjective socioeconomic status to improve it, but also focus on the improvement of their social equity perceptions and social trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Ren
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Guoan Yue
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Weilong Xiao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Qinghui Fan
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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21
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Association between Sleep Duration and Symptoms of Depression Aged between 18 and 49: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ) from 2016 to 2018. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112324. [PMID: 36421648 PMCID: PMC9690060 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between symptoms of depression and sleep duration in a representative sample of the Korean population. Using national cross-sectional data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES-VII), 5461 adults aged 18−49 years were analyzed using logistic regression models. The proportions of participants with total daily sleep durations (24 h) of <6 h, 6−8 h, and ≥9 h were 26.2%, 60.6%, and 13.3%, respectively. The proportions of individuals with symptoms of depression in the <6 h, 6−8 h, and ≥9 h sleep duration groups were 37.4%, 46.3%, and 16.3%, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) were significantly higher in the <6 h and ≥9 h sleep groups than in the 6−8 h sleep group. There was a significant association between short (<6 h/day) and long (≥9 h/day) sleep duration and symptoms of depression among the general Korean population. In particular, our findings suggest that short sleep (<6 h/day) is more associated with symptoms of depression than long sleep (≥9 h/day).
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22
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Schelleman-Offermans K, Ruiter RAC, Massar K. The Future Positive micro-intervention protocol: A program aiming to increase a healthy life-style among employees with a low socio-economic position. Front Public Health 2022; 10:832447. [PMID: 36211694 PMCID: PMC9540196 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a Dutch micro-intervention, Future Positive, that aims to increase health behaviors among employees with a low socio-economic position (SEP), with the ultimate aim to decrease socio-economic health inequalities. Intervention Mapping (IM) was used to adapt previously developed psychological capital interventions into a micro-intervention suitable to be delivered in the work context for employees with a low socio-economic position. The first 4 steps of IM including the results of pre-testing the developed intervention program are described. Step 1 consists of the needs assessment, and investigated (a) the individual determinants of health behavior and health inequalities, and (b) the needs of employees with a low SEP and their employers regarding the implementation of the intervention at the worksite. Matrices-of-change were produced in Step 2, and relevant methods and applications were selected in step 3. Step 4 involved the intervention development, resulting in a brief micro-intervention that will be delivered in small groups, guided by trained facilitators using motivational interviewing techniques. Program materials include informative video-clips and active and cooperative learning exercises. The intervention was pre-tested among three groups of employees. The IM process, as well as the pre-testing, revealed that emphasizing autonomy and using easy to understand and mostly visual materials offered in chunks is essential for a well-tailored intervention that is suitable for people with low SEP. Also, participation should be facilitated by employers: It should be free of costs, offered during working hours, and take place at the job site. Results showed that the Future Positive micro-intervention is substantiated by theory, applicable in a work setting (high reach), and tailored to the needs of employees with a low SEP. We therefore fill the gap in this existing range of interventions aimed to improve life-style behaviors and contribute to theory-based interventions aimed to decrease the SEP-Health gradient.
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23
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Fujimoto Y, Ferdous A, Wali F. Integrative Resource Model of Workplace Inclusion for Reduced Inequality: Conservation of Resources Perspective. JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS : JBE 2022; 187:1-23. [PMID: 35999829 PMCID: PMC9389506 DOI: 10.1007/s10551-022-05218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study provides much-needed empirical study of workplace inclusion of underresourced employees of low socioeconomic status. Based upon a conservation of resources perspective, we have examined the centrality of resources as a key inclusion process for well-being outcomes for employees with insufficient resources. In the context of misuse of institutional power over operative workers within highly segmented and hierarchical work settings, this study validates the importance of economic inclusion for fostering workers' well-being via fair employment practices. This study also offers new knowledge of the integrative resource model of workplace inclusion research by validating workers' personal resources of learning orientation as an internal condition for strengthening the positive effect of economic inclusion on well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Fujimoto
- Department of Management, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Ferdous
- Department of Marketing, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Faisal Wali
- Department of Management, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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24
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Du G, Lyu H, Li X. Social class and subjective well-being in Chinese adults: The mediating role of present fatalistic time perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Bowling AB, Frazier JA, Staiano AE, Broder-Fingert S, Curtin C. Presenting a New Framework to Improve Engagement in Physical Activity Programs for Children and Adolescents With Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Disabilities. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:875181. [PMID: 35599761 PMCID: PMC9122030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.875181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses such as anxiety, depression, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face enormous health disparities, and the prevalence of these disorders is increasing. Social, emotional, and behavioral disabilities (SEBD) often co-occur with each other and are associated with unique barriers to engaging in free-living physical activity (PA), community-based exercise and sports programming, and school-based physical education. Some examples of these barriers include the significantly depleted parental reserve capacity associated with SEBD in children, child dysregulation, and previous negative experiences with PA programming and/or exclusion. Importantly, most SEBD are "invisible," so these parents and children may face more stigma, have less support, and fewer inclusive programming opportunities than are typically available for children with physical or intellectual disabilities. Children's challenging behavioral characteristics are not visibly attributable to a medical or physical condition, and thus are not often viewed empathetically, and cannot easily be managed in the context of programming. Existing research into PA engagement barriers and facilitators shows significant gaps in existing health behavior change (HBC) theories and implementation frameworks that result in a failure to address unique needs of youth with SEBD and their parents. Addressing these gaps necessitates the creation of a simple but comprehensive framework that can better guide the development and implementation of engaging, effective, and scalable PA programming for these youth and their families. Therefore, the aim of this article is to: (1) summarize existing research into SEBD-related child and parent-level barriers and facilitators of PA evidence-based program engagement; (2) review the application of the most commonly used HBC and disability health theories used in the development of evidence-based PA programs, and implementation science frameworks used in adaptation and dissemination efforts; (3) review the SEBD-related gaps that may negatively affect engagement; and (4) describe the new Pediatric Physical Activity Engagement for Invisible Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Disabilities (PAID) Framework, a comprehensive adapted PA intervention development and implementation adaptation framework that we created specifically for youth with SEBD and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- April B. Bowling
- School of Health Sciences, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Amanda E. Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Carol Curtin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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26
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Yan W, Zhang L, Li W, You X, Kong F. Associations of family subjective socioeconomic status with hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in emerging adulthood: A daily diary study. Soc Sci Med 2022; 298:114867. [PMID: 35276625 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence based on retrospective measures has shown that family subjective socioeconomic status (FSSS) was connected to well-being, but few studies have examined this relationship using a daily diary design. Here, we examined the link between FSSS and well-being as well as the mediating roles of social support and self-esteem in a total of 220 emerging adults using a 14-day daily diary design. The multilevel regression analysis found that FSSS positively predicted two types of well-being, including hedonic well-being (HWB) and eudaimonic well-being (EWB). Moreover, the multilevel 2-2-1 mediation analysis indicated that social support and self-esteem performed as independent mediators of the associations between FSSS and two types of well-being. The mediating effect of self-esteem also had no significant difference from that of social support. Furthermore, when age, gender, and family objective socioeconomic status were controlled, these findings remained significant. The implications and limitations of the findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linting Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuqun You
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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27
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Schoon I, Henseke G. Social Inequalities in Young People's Mental Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Do Psychosocial Resource Factors Matter? Front Public Health 2022; 10:820270. [PMID: 35359768 PMCID: PMC8964111 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.820270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected young people aged 16–25 years and has brought about a major increase in mental health problems. Although there is persisting evidence regarding SES differences in mental health status, there is still little knowledge of the processes linking SES to young people's mental health, in particular during the current pandemic. Guided by a stress process model this study examines the role of different psychosocial resource factors in mitigating the vulnerability to mental distress among disadvantaged young people and specifies a range of possible mediating pathways. The research draws on a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 16–25 year-olds who participated in the Youth Economic Activity and Health (YEAH) online survey conducted in the UK between February and October 2021. Mental health was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for anxiety and depression. Socio-economic disadvantage was indicated by parental education and receipt of free school meals. Experience of stress was indicated by financial strain. Psychosocial resource factors included indicators of optimism, self-efficacy, and social support. We controlled for age, gender, living arrangements, and economic activity of the young person (being in education, employment or NEET). The findings suggest sequential mediating processes where SES influences are partially mediated via financial strain and the psychosocial resource factors. In addition, the psychosocial resource factors showed independent effects supporting mental health in the face of socio-economic adversity. Moreover, social support played a significant role in boosting self-efficacy and optimism, which in turn reduce mental distress. The findings highlighting the importance of specifying the assumed mediating processes, and to consider multiple resource factors instead of single aspects to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the processes linking SES to young people's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Schoon
- Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ingrid Schoon
| | - Golo Henseke
- Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Choi HS, Lee JE. Factors Affecting Depression in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men Living Alone: A Cross-Sectional Path Analysis Model. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221078134. [PMID: 35184578 PMCID: PMC8864270 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221078134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the
relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression and to
estimate the mediating effects of social network satisfaction,
self-esteem, and perceived health status among middle-aged and elderly
men living alone, based on the reserve capacity model. Secondary data
from a sample of 394 middle-aged and elderly men aged 45 years or
older from the 15th Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS) were analyzed.
A path analysis model was constructed to evaluate the relationship
among SES, social network satisfaction, self-esteem, perceived health
status, and depression. The path analysis exhibited significant direct
effects of social network satisfaction, self-esteem, and perceived
health status on depression and significant indirect effects of SES on
depression. There was no direct effect of SES on depression. Social
network satisfaction and self-esteem had significant mediating effects
of SES on depression. Among middle-aged and elderly men, intrapersonal
reserves, which are psychosocial factors including social network
satisfaction, self-esteem, and perceived health status, showed more
association with depression than tangible reserves such as SES. This
suggests that interventions promoting self-esteem and perceived health
status could prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Seung Choi
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Lee
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Alvarez GM, Rudolph MD, Cohen JR, Muscatell KA. Lower Socioeconomic Position Is Associated with Greater Activity in and Integration within an Allostatic-Interoceptive Brain Network in Response to Affective Stimuli. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1906-1927. [PMID: 35139207 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic inequities shape physical health and emotional well-being. As such, recent work has examined the neural mechanisms through which socioeconomic position (SEP) may influence health. However, there remain critical gaps in knowledge regarding the relationships between SEP and brain function. These gaps include a lack of research on: (1) the association between SEP and brain functioning in later life, (2) relationships between SEP and functioning of the whole brain beyond specific regions of interest, and (3) how neural responses to positive affective stimuli differ by SEP. The current study addressed these gaps by examining the association between SEP (i.e., education, income) and neural responses to affective stimuli among 122 mid- to late-life adults. During MRI scanning, participants viewed 30 positive, 30 negative, and 30 neutral images; activation and network connectivity analyses explored associations between SEP and neural responses to these affective stimuli. Analyses revealed that those with lower SEP showed greater neural activity to both positive and negative images in regions within the allostatic-interoceptive network, a system of regions implicated in representing and regulating physiological states of the body and the external environment. There were no positive associations between SEP and neural responses to negative or positive images. In addition, graph-theory network analyses showed that individuals with lower SEP demonstrated greater global efficiency within the allostatic-interoceptive network and executive control network, across all task conditions. The findings suggest that lower SEP is associated with enhanced neural sensitivity to affective cues that may be metabolically costly to maintain over time and suggest a mechanism by which SEP might get "under the skull" to influence mental and physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica R Cohen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carrboro, NC
| | - Keely A Muscatell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carrboro, NC
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Rao TT, Yang SL, Zhu X. How Does Social Class Affect Need for Structure during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Moderated Mediating Model Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020932. [PMID: 35055749 PMCID: PMC8776056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is profoundly affecting the minds and behaviors of people worldwide. This study investigated the differences in the need for structure among people from different social classes and the psychological mechanisms underlying this need, as well as the moderating effect of the threat posed by the pandemic. Using data collected from non-student adults in China, we found that the lower an individual's social class, the lower their need for structure, and this effect was based on the mediating role of perceived control. However, the mediating effect was moderated by pandemic threat, and the above relationship existed only when this threat was low. When the level of pandemic threat was higher, neither the effect of social class nor of perceived control on the need for structure were significant. Specifically, in higher-threat situations, the need for structure among individuals from higher social classes and who had a higher sense of control increased significantly, meaning the mediating effect was no longer significant. This finding showed that under the threat of a pandemic, individuals who have a lower need for structure will still pursue and prefer structure and order. The theoretical and practical implications of the research are also discussed.
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31
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Yang W, Hou Y, Chen Y, Liu W, Fang F, Xiao J, Wang J. Personality Characteristics and Emotional Distress Among Chinese Pregnant Women: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:645391. [PMID: 34867496 PMCID: PMC8636932 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that certain personality characteristics are associated with emotional distress during pregnancy. However, the underlying mechanism of this association is rarely understood. The current study investigated the links between personality and pregnant women's emotional distress (depressive and anxiety symptoms), tested the chain mediating effects of two resilience factors-social support and positive coping, and explored whether socioeconomic status (SES) could moderate the effects (including direct and/or indirect effects) of personality on their emotional distress. Results of a relatively large sample of pregnant women in China (N = 1157) showed positive associations for psychoticism and neuroticism with depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as negative associations for extraversion with depression and anxiety. After controlling for four important variables (the first pregnancy or not, having adverse pregnancy experience or not, being pregnant as planned or not, and number of weeks of pregnancy), social support and positive coping acted as chain mediators on the associations of personality with depressive symptoms as well as of personality with anxiety. Overall, the association of personality and depressive symptoms demonstrated invariance across socioeconomic status (SES). However, SES moderated the relationship between personality and anxiety. Specifically, the negative association of positive coping with anxiety symptoms was weaker for low SES women than for high SES ones. Results highlight the importance of social support and positive coping to decrease personality-related depressive and anxiety symptom among pregnant women. Furthermore, identifying other resilience factors that alleviate anxiety in women with low SES is urgently called for.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Letang SK, Lin SSH, Parmelee PA, McDonough IM. Ethnoracial disparities in cognition are associated with multiple socioeconomic status-stress pathways. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2021; 6:64. [PMID: 34626254 PMCID: PMC8502192 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-021-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic racism can have broad impacts on health in ethnoracial minorities. One way is by suppressing socioeconomic status (SES) levels through barriers to achieve higher income, wealth, and educational attainment. Additionally, the weathering hypothesis proposes that the various stressful adversities faced by ethnoracial minorities lead to greater wear and tear on the body, known as allostatic load. In the present study, we extend these ideas to cognitive health in a tri-ethnic sample of young adults-when cognition and brain health is arguably at their peak. Specifically, we tested competing mediation models that might shed light on how two key factors caused by systemic racism-SES and perceived stress-intersect to explain ethnoracial disparities in cognition. We found evidence for partial mediation via a pathway from SES to stress on episodic memory, working memory capacity, and executive function in Black Americans relative to non-Hispanic White Americans. Additionally, we found that stress partially mediated the ethnoracial disparities in working memory updating for lower SES Black and Hispanic Americans relative to non-Hispanic White Americans, showing that higher SES can sometimes reduce the negative effects stress has on these disparities in some cognitive domains. Overall, these findings suggest that multiple pathways exist in which lower SES creates a stressful environment to impact ethnoracial disparities cognition. These pathways differ depending on the specific ethnoracial category and cognitive domain. The present results may offer insight into strategies to help mitigate the late-life risk for neurocognitive disorders in ethnoracial minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Letang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Shayne S-H Lin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Patricia A Parmelee
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Ian M McDonough
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 505 Hackberry Lane, BOX 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
- Alabama Research Institute on Aging, Tuscaloosa, USA.
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Wang Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Hu X. Socioeconomic Status and Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Community Identity and Perceived Control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10308. [PMID: 34639607 PMCID: PMC8508049 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the association between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior, but the underlying mechanism between them is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the serially mediating roles of community identity and perceived control in this relationship. METHODS Using the convenient sampling technique, a total of 477 Chinese adults from Chinese communities, and ranging in age from 20 to 65 completed the questionnaires for objective socioeconomic status, the MacArthur scale of subjective socioeconomic status, an eight-item community identity scale, the perceived control scale, and a prosocial tendencies measure. Bivariate correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among the major variables. RESULTS Socioeconomic status was positively associated with prosocial behavior. It was also found that community identity and perceived control played mediating roles between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior, respectively. In addition, community identity and perceived control also had a serially mediating role in the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Community identity and perceived control played a serially mediating role in the association between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior. The findings in the present study contribute to understanding the underlying mechanism in the association between socioeconomic status and prosocial behavior among adults, and have important implications for interventions aimed at improving prosocial behavior in lower-status individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- School of Education Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Yanchi Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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34
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van Nieuwenhuizen BP, Sekercan A, Tan HL, Blom MT, Lok A, van den Born BJH, Kunst AE, van Valkengoed IGM. Is the Association Between Education and Sympathovagal Balance Mediated by Chronic Stressors? Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:426-437. [PMID: 34580830 PMCID: PMC9338002 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated whether raised chronic stress in low education groups contributes to education differences in cardiovascular disease by altering sympathovagal balance. Methods This study included cross-sectional data of 10,202 participants from the multi-ethnic, population-based HELIUS-study. Sympathovagal balance was measured by baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), the standard deviation of the inter-beat interval (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD). The associations between chronic stressors (work, home, psychiatric, financial, negative life events, lack of job control and perceived discrimination) in a variety of domains and BRS, SDNN and RMSSD were assessed using linear regression, adjusted for age, ethnicity, waist-to-hip ratio and pack-years smoked. Mediation analysis was used to assess the contribution of chronic stress to the association between education and sympathovagal balance. Results Modest but significant associations were observed between financial stress and BRS and SDNN in women, but not in RMSSD nor for any outcome measure in men. Women with the highest category of financial stress had 0.55% lower BRS (ms/mmHg; β = -0.055; CI = -0.098, -0.011) and 0.61% lower SDNN (ms; β = -0.061; CI = -0.099, -0.024) than those in the lowest category. Financial stress in women contributed 7.1% to the association between education and BRS, and 13.8% to the association between education and SDNN. Conclusion No evidence was found for the hypothesized pathway in which sympathovagal balance is altered by chronic stress, except for a small contribution of financial stress in women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12529-021-10027-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aydin Sekercan
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Massar K, Kopplin N, Schelleman-Offermans K. Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Adult Educational Attainment and Health Behaviors: The Role of Psychological Capital and Health Literacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179399. [PMID: 34501988 PMCID: PMC8430706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic circumstances during childhood and adulthood are known to negatively affect health promoting behaviors. On the other hand, psychological capital (PsyCap) and health literacy are positively associated with these lifestyle behaviors. We, therefore, reasoned that PsyCap and health literacy might “buffer” the negative influences of socioeconomic circumstances on health-promoting behaviors. Method: We measured subjective childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and adult educational attainment (as a proxy for adult socioeconomic circumstances), health literacy, PsyCap, and health behaviors (fruits and vegetables consumption, exercise, and sweets and cookies consumption) in a sample of N = 150 individuals (mean age 34.98 years, 66.7% female). Results: Bootstrapped mediation analyses including PsyCap and health literacy as parallel mediators revealed that: (I) The relationship between childhood SEP and (a) fruits and vegetables consumption and (b) exercise was mediated by PsyCap, and (II) the relationship between adult educational attainment and (a) fruits and vegetables consumption and (b) exercise was mediated by PsyCap and health literacy. We found no significant effects for consumption of sweets and cookies. Conclusion: These results suggest that larger studies are warranted that confirm the potential of PsyCap and health literacy in mitigating the negative effects of lower SEP on health behaviors and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Massar
- Department of Work & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalie Kopplin
- CP Consultingpartner AG, Venloer Straße 53, 50672 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Karen Schelleman-Offermans
- Department of Work & Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
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Immigration Policy Vulnerability Linked to Adverse Mental Health Among Latino Day Laborers. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:842-852. [PMID: 34453264 PMCID: PMC8397603 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Latino day laborers in the United States are socially and economically vulnerable due to exclusionary immigration policies. Using data from a multi-mode survey, we examine the relationship between immigration policy legal vulnerability and mental health outcomes among 138 Latino, male day laborers (mean age = 45.65, SD = 12.05). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models separately estimated the effect of legal vulnerability, as measured by the Perceived Immigration Policy Effects Scale, on anxiety and depression symptoms and a positive depression and anxiety screening, respectively. Approximately 26.1% and 27.9% of day laborers reported depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In each adjusted model, we find a positive relationship between legal vulnerability and adverse mental health. Immigration policy legal vulnerability is associated with more depression and anxiety symptoms among Latino day laborers. Policies to reduce legal vulnerability, such as pathways to citizenship and employment authorization, may support Latino day laborers' mental health outcomes.
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37
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Rao T, Yang S, Yu F, Xu B, Wei J. Perception of class mobility moderates the relationship between social class and prosocial behaviour. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ting Rao
- School of Humanities and Social Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’anChina
| | - Shen‐Long Yang
- School of Humanities and Social Science Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’anChina
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy Wuhan University WuhanChina
| | - Bu‐Xiao Xu
- Center for Brain, Mind and Education Shaoxing University ShaoxingChina
- School of Psychology Central China Normal University WuhanChina
| | - Jia Wei
- School of Economics and Finance Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an China
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38
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Pajovic V, Shuey KM. Patterns and stratification of stressor exposure among Canadian workers. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2021; 58:86-104. [PMID: 33600082 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research note identifies patterns of stressor exposure among Canadian workers, their stratification by occupational and socio-demographic factors, and their relationship to high self-reported work stress. Using latent class analysis and data from the Canadian Community Health Survey we examine the intersection of six stressors, identifying five distinct patterns (Few stressors, Multiple stressors, Physical, Monotonous, and Chaotic patterns of stressor exposure). Results show that the patterns of stressor exposure are stratified by gender, education, income, age group, and occupation; as well as give insight on how particular patterns of stressor exposure relate to individual perceptions of high self-reported work stress. The project also provides a research example of using quantitative data to examine qualitative differences in patterns of experience that provide more nuanced insight into complex social phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Pajovic
- Department of Sociology, Social Science Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim M Shuey
- Department of Sociology, Social Science Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hernandez IA, Silverman DM, Destin M. From deficit to benefit: Highlighting lower-SES students' background-specific strengths reinforces their academic persistence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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The role of neuroticism and subjective social status in the relationship between perceived social support and life satisfaction. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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41
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Explaining socioeconomic inequalities in self-reported health outcomes: The mediating role of perceived life stress, financial self-reliance, psychological capital, and time perspective orientations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243730. [PMID: 33370306 PMCID: PMC7769277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The main aim of the current study was to investigate what role perceived life stress, psychological capital (PsyCap), financial self-reliance and time perspective orientations play in explaining socioeconomic health inequalities, specifically self-perceived health and self-reported physical health conditions. Methods Individuals (total n = 600) aged 16+ years from a general Dutch population sample (LISS panel) completed an online questionnaire measuring three different SEP indicators (highest achieved educational level, personal monthly disposable income and being in paid employment), perceived life stress, PsyCap, financial self-reliance, time perspective, self-perceived health, and self-reported physical health conditions. Structural equation modelling using a cross-sectional design was used to test the mediation paths from SEP indicators to self-perceived health and self-reported physical health conditions through perceived life stress, PsyCap, financial self-reliance and time perspective orientations. Results Highest achieved educational level and being in paid employment showed to play a role in the social stratification within self-reported and self-perceived health outcomes, whereas this was not found for personal monthly disposable income. The association between a lower highest achieved educational level and lower self-perceived health was mediated by lower PsyCap and higher perceived life stress levels. The association between a lower highest achieved educational level and higher levels of self-reported physical health conditions was mediated by less financial self-reliance and higher perceived life stress levels. Although no mediating role was found for time perspective orientations in the association between the measured SEP indicators and health outcomes, negative time perspective orientations were associated with either self-perceived health or self-reported physical health conditions. Conclusions reserves (PsyCap and financial self-reliance) and perceived life stress seem to play a larger role in explaining the health gradient in achieved educational level than time perspective orientations. Prevention efforts trying to reduce the SEP-health gradient should focus on a) increasing reserves and lowering perceived life stress levels for individuals with a low achieved educational level, and b) reducing unemployment and narrowing opportunity gaps in education for people with a low SEP.
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Wang Y, Yang C, Hu X, Chen H. Community identity as a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and altruistic behaviour in Chinese residents. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(Ministry of Education) Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Psychology Guizhou Normal University Guiyang China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(Ministry of Education) Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality(Ministry of Education) Southwest University Chongqing China
- Research Center for Psychology and Social Development Southwest University Chongqing China
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Zou R, Xu X, Hong X, Yuan J. Higher Socioeconomic Status Predicts Less Risk of Depression in Adolescence: Serial Mediating Roles of Social Support and Optimism. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1955. [PMID: 32849145 PMCID: PMC7425112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Family socioeconomic status (SES) is known to have a powerful influence on adolescent depression. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Here, we explore this issue by testing the potential mediating roles of social support (interpersonal resource) and optimism (intrapersonal resource), based on the predictions of the reserve capacity model (RCM). Participants were 652 adolescents [age range: 11-20 years old, M age = 14.55 years, SD = 1.82; 338 boys (51.80%)] from two junior and two senior high schools in Wuhan, China. They completed questionnaires measuring family SES, perceived social support, optimism, and depression. Results showed, as predicted, (1) SES negatively predicted adolescent depression; (2) social support and optimism serially mediated the relations between SES and depression, consistent with the predictions by the RCM. Specifically, higher SES predicted greater social support and increased optimism, which in turn contributed to reduced depression. The implications of these data to the prevention and interventions of adolescent depression were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobin Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, Department of Psychology, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajin Yuan
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Tissera H, Auger E, Séguin L, Kramer MS, Lydon JE. Happy prenatal relationships, healthy postpartum mothers: a prospective study of relationship satisfaction, postpartum stress, and health. Psychol Health 2020; 36:461-477. [PMID: 32449394 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1766040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major life transitions, such as the arrival of a new baby, can be stressful, and therefore, costly to one's health. Being in a satisfying romantic relationship has been previously linked with better health, perhaps because it provides access to a bank of psychosocial resources. The objective of the present research was two-fold. First, we examined whether prenatal relationship satisfaction benefitted mothers' postpartum health. Second, we examined whether this association was mediated by reduced postpartum stress. Design: Pregnant women (N = 431) were drawn from a larger prospective pregnancy and birth cohort study. Main Outcome Measures: Participants reported on their relationship satisfaction, perceived stress, and perceived health at two time points: 24-26 weeks of gestation and 6 months postpartum. Results: Greater prenatal romantic satisfaction predicted enhanced perceived postpartum health, and reduced perceived postpartum stress appeared to mediate this link. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that greater prenatal relationship satisfaction is associated with better postpartum health and provides evidence for one potential mechanism for this link: the reduction of perceived postpartum stress. Thus, assessments of women's prenatal relationship satisfaction may help identify those who are at higher risk of experiencing poor postpartum health. Implications for interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Auger
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Louise Séguin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John E Lydon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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DeSousa M, Reeve CL, Peterman AH. Development and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale. Stress Health 2020; 36:131-146. [PMID: 31692256 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Though socio-economic status (SES) partially explains the experience of stress and health outcomes, most research to date has relied on a small number of traditional indicators that fail to capture the full domain of socioeconomic factors. The recent reconceptualization of perceived scarcity is proposed as a subjective indicator of SES when attempting to predict both stress and health outcomes. Although a conceptualization of perceived scarcity has been advanced, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to assess the utility and scientific import of this concept. No such scale exists. Therefore, the current paper describes the development, psychometric properties, and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale (PScS). Four studies using traditional scale development processes were employed to develop (Studies 1 and 2) and provide an initial validation (Studies 3 and 4) for the PScS. Results support the existing model of perceived scarcity and indicate that the measure is valid. Moreover, the scale predicted concurrent perceived stress, as well as longitudinal ratings of perceived stress, global health, quality of life, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The development of the new scale provides clinicians and researchers with a brief, validated measure that can assess the level of perceived scarcity individuals currently experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa DeSousa
- Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Charlie L Reeve
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Amy H Peterman
- Department of Health Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Fong Gomez S, Marshall C, Jackson R, Allen A. The Portrait Project: Content and Process of Identity Development Among Young Men of Color in East Oakland. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558420908801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identity is the key psychological task of adolescence, with lifelong implications on health and behavior. A holistic understanding of content and process of identity development among male adolescents and emerging adults of color may lead to more effective interventions to improve health outcomes. Men aged 18 to 24 years were recruited from a nonprofit serving predominantly low-income Black and Latino youth in Oakland, CA. This exploratory, multimethod study utilized self-portraiture, interviews, and a focus group. Procedures were approved by the University of California (UC), Berkeley Committee for Protection of Human Subjects (CPHS). Phenomenology and grounded theory principles facilitated a rich understanding of the lived experiences and meanings participants attributed to their identities. Participants used positively valenced language to describe multifaceted, intersectional identities. Despite identifying with stigmatized groups, participants were proud to be male, Black or Latino, and from Oakland. Cognitive processes and adaptive behaviors mediated the impact of environmental factors—including discrimination, family members, peers, and place—on identity development. Practitioners will benefit from recognizing the complex identities of boys and young men of color. Further research should explore the intersectional nature of identity, cumulative health effects of developing and maintaining positive identities despite pervasive discrimination, and role of positive youth development programming in positive identity formation.
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Cheon YM, Chung GH. Adolescents' Daily Experience of Fathers' Emotional Support and Self-Evaluation in Korea. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:142-157. [PMID: 31125151 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, fathers' role in children's development has been recognized internationally. In Asian countries, similar conversations have emerged but there has been a lack of empirical studies that considered the unique cultural contexts. As a response, based on Bronfenbrenner's process-person-context-time model, the present study examined the daily dynamics and individual differences in the experience of fathers' emotional support and self-evaluation in social roles among 283 Korean adolescents in 5th and 8th grade. Through Hierarchical Linear Modeling, within-person associations between adolescents' experience of fathers' emotional support and self-evaluation in social roles on the same day and the next day were found, with individual differences by grade level and family affluence. Theoretical and practical implications within the relevant cultural context are discussed.
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Wang Y, Yang C, Hu X, Chen H. The Mediating Effect of Community Identity between Socioeconomic Status and Sense of Gain in Chinese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051553. [PMID: 32121217 PMCID: PMC7084642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have explored the positive relationship between socioeconomic status and sense of gain. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism between them. This study aimed to explore whether community identity had a mediating role between them among Chinese adults. METHODS Data were collected from a nationally representative samples of 28,300 adults from the China Family Panel Studies. Socioeconomic status was assessed using individuals' income and social status. Community identity was assessed through evaluation of the community's public facilities, surrounding environment, surrounding security, neighborhood relationship, neighborhood assistance and feelings towards the community. Sense of gain was measured by evaluation of environmental conservation, gap between the rich and the poor, employment, education, medical treatment, housing, social security, and government corruption. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the associations between major variables. Mediation analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of community identity between socioeconomic status and sense of gain. RESULTS Socioeconomic status was positively associated with sense of gain. Community identity played a mediating role between socioeconomic status and sense of gain. CONCLUSION Community identity mediated the relationship between socioeconomic status and sense of gain. Promoting the mobility of socioeconomic status and actively intervening in community identity are conducive to improve sense of gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Chao Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (X.H.)
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (C.Y.); (X.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Research Center for Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-6825-7975
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Cundiff JM, Boylan JM, Muscatell KA. The Pathway From Social Status to Physical Health: Taking a Closer Look at Stress as a Mediator. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721420901596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress is often invoked as a potential contributor to disparities in physical health as a function of social status. Although there is good reason to believe that stress exposure and stress responses may be an important pathway linking lower social status to poor health, direct evidence is lacking. We summarize the evidence for this pathway and limitations of that evidence, focusing particularly on how stress is conceptualized and measured. We argue that in addition to more direct tests of mediation, the measurement of the mediator—stress—could also be improved. We also propose that measuring theory-specific stress exposures may be more fruitful than assessing general stress exposures (e.g., life events, global perceived stress) by increasing theoretical clarity and predictive utility of stress in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keely A. Muscatell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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50
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Boucher HC. Social class and self-concept consistency: Implications for subjective well-being and felt authenticity. SELF AND IDENTITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2020.1726443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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