1
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Allemand M, Fend HA, Hill PL. Negative Emotional Reactivity and Somatic Symptoms during Adolescence Predict Adult Health and Wellbeing in Early and Middle Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1513-1528. [PMID: 38282066 PMCID: PMC11136711 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Longitudinal research is lacking with respect to how negative emotional reactivity and somatic symptoms during adolescence set the stage for later health. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine within-person associations between negative emotional reactivity and somatic symptoms during adolescence and their effects on health and wellbeing in adulthood. Participants (N = 1527; 48.3% female) were assessed annually at the age of 12 to 16 years and at the age of 35 and 45 years. Adolescents with frequent somatic symptoms reported higher reactivity. Individual differences in levels and changes of somatic symptoms and reactivity were independently associated with adult health and wellbeing decades later. The findings underscore the importance of considering how individual differences change during adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Allemand
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Helmut A Fend
- Institute of Education, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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2
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Nagel CL, Bishop NJ, Botoseneanu A, Allore HG, Newsom JT, Dorr DA, Quiñones AR. Recommendations on Methods for Assessing Multimorbidity Changes Over Time: Aligning the Method to the Purpose. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae122. [PMID: 38742711 PMCID: PMC11163923 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapidly growing field of multimorbidity research demonstrates that changes in multimorbidity in mid- and late-life have far reaching effects on important person-centered outcomes, such as health-related quality of life. However, there are few organizing frameworks and comparatively little work weighing the merits and limitations of various quantitative methods applied to the longitudinal study of multimorbidity. METHODS We identify and discuss methods aligned to specific research objectives with the goals of (i) establishing a common language for assessing longitudinal changes in multimorbidity, (ii) illuminating gaps in our knowledge regarding multimorbidity progression and critical periods of change, and (iii) informing research to identify groups that experience different rates and divergent etiological pathways of disease progression linked to deterioration in important health-related outcomes. RESULTS We review practical issues in the measurement of multimorbidity, longitudinal analysis of health-related data, operationalizing change over time, and discuss methods that align with 4 general typologies for research objectives in the longitudinal study of multimorbidity: (i) examine individual change in multimorbidity, (ii) identify subgroups that follow similar trajectories of multimorbidity progression, (iii) understand when, how, and why individuals or groups shift to more advanced stages of multimorbidity, and (iv) examine the coprogression of multimorbidity with key health domains. CONCLUSIONS This work encourages a systematic approach to the quantitative study of change in multimorbidity and provides a valuable resource for researchers working to measure and minimize the deleterious effects of multimorbidity on aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey L Nagel
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bishop
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anda Botoseneanu
- Department of Health & Human Services, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Heather G Allore
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason T Newsom
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David A Dorr
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ana R Quiñones
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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3
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Kueppers S, Rau R, Scharf F. Using Monte Carlo Simulation to Forecast the Scientific Utility of Psychological App Studies: A Tutorial. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:879-893. [PMID: 38990138 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2024.2335411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Mobile applications offer a wide range of opportunities for psychological data collection, such as increased ecological validity and greater acceptance by participants compared to traditional laboratory studies. However, app-based psychological data also pose data-analytic challenges because of the complexities introduced by missingness and interdependence of observations. Consequently, researchers must weigh the advantages and disadvantages of app-based data collection to decide on the scientific utility of their proposed app study. For instance, some studies might only be worthwhile if they provide adequate statistical power. However, the complexity of app data forestalls the use of simple analytic formulas to estimate properties such as power. In this paper, we demonstrate how Monte Carlo simulations can be used to investigate the impact of app usage behavior on the utility of app-based psychological data. We introduce a set of questions to guide simulation implementation and showcase how we answered them for the simulation in the context of the guessing game app Who Knows (Rau et al., 2023). Finally, we give a brief overview of the simulation results and the conclusions we have drawn from them for real-world data generation. Our results can serve as an example of how to use a simulation approach for planning real-world app-based data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kueppers
- University of Münster
- Institute for Mind, Brain and Behavior, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Germany
- University of Hamburg
| | - Richard Rau
- University of Münster
- Institute for Mind, Brain and Behavior, HMU Health and Medical University Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Halliwell PR, Mitchell RJ, Boyle B. Leadership effectiveness through coaching: Authentic and change-oriented leadership. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294953. [PMID: 38055668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing shift towards individually owned leader development programs within organizations. Whilst leadership coaching is one of these and is gaining in popularity, the mechanisms of its effect remain poorly understood. We develop and investigate a model in which leadership coaching enhances leader effectiveness through coaching's positive effect on authentic and change-oriented leadership behaviours as well as self-efficacy. To assess the model, multi-source data were collected for organizational leaders (N = 70) pre- and post-coaching. To investigate mechanisms of coaching's effect, relations between latent change scores were assessed in structural equation modelling using partial least squares indicating that after accounting for base-line scores, coaching-related increases in authentic leadership behaviour has the largest total effect on leadership effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Halliwell
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Mitchell
- Health & Wellbeing Research Unit, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendan Boyle
- Newcastle Business School, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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5
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Smith ET, Hennessee JP, Wig GS, Frank S, Gonzalez H, Bacci J, Chan M, Carreno CA, Kennedy KM, Rodrigue KM, Hertzog C, Park DC. Longitudinal changes in gray matter correspond to changes in cognition across the lifespan: implications for theories of cognition. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 129:1-14. [PMID: 37247578 PMCID: PMC10524455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines the association between gray matter volume and cognition. Studies that have examined this issue have focused primarily on older adults, whereas the present study examines the issue across the entire adult lifespan. A total of 463 adults, ages 20-88 at first assessment, were followed longitudinally across three assessments over 8-10years. Significant individual differences in a general cognition measure comprised of measures of speed of processing, working memory, and episodic memory were observed, as well as in measures of cortical and subcortical gray matter. Parallel process latent growth curve modeling showed a reliable relationship between decreases in cortical matter and cognitive decline across the entire adult lifespan, which persisted after controlling for age effects. Implications of these findings in relation to progression toward dementia, risk assessment, cognitive intervention, and environmental factors are discussed, as well as implications for theories of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Smith
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph P Hennessee
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gagan S Wig
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Frank
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hector Gonzalez
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julia Bacci
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Micaela Chan
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claudia A Carreno
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Denise C Park
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Department of Psychology, Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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6
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Hettich-Damm N, Petersen J, Zahn D, Baumkoetter R, Wild PS, Muenzel T, Schuster AK, Koenig J, Lackner K, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME, Engwicht E. Gender Differences and the Impact of Partnership and Children on Quality of Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605826. [PMID: 37284508 PMCID: PMC10239859 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic and its protective measures have changed the daily lives of families and may have affected quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to analyze gender differences in QoL and to examine individuals living in different partnership and family constellations. Methods: Data from the Gutenberg COVID-19 cohort study (N = 10,250) with two measurement time points during the pandemic (2020 and 2021) were used. QoL was assessed using the EUROHIS-QOL questionnaire. Descriptive analyses and autoregressive regressions were performed. Results: Women reported lower QoL than men, and QoL was significantly lower at the second measurement time point in both men and women. Older age, male gender, no migration background, and higher socioeconomic status, as well as partnership and children (especially in men), were protective factors for QoL. Women living with children under 14 and single mothers reported significantly lower QoL. Conclusion: Partnership and family were protective factors for QoL. However, women with young children and single mothers are vulnerable groups for lower QoL. Support is especially needed for women with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hettich-Damm
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juila Petersen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rieke Baumkoetter
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Partner Site Rhine-Main, DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Muenzel
- Department of Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Schuster
- Eye Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem Koenig
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Eye Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Engwicht
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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7
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When Insecure Self-Worth Drains Students' Energy: Academic Contingent Self-Esteem and Parents' and Teachers' Perceived Conditional Regard as Predictors of School Burnout. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:810-825. [PMID: 36807227 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Whereas both the family and school environment have been suggested to affect school burnout risks, the role of conditionally regarding parenting or teaching, in which affection is granted conditional on student achievement, in the development of school burnout has not yet been examined. This longitudinal study investigated students' academic contingent self-esteem and parental and teacher conditional regard as antecedents of school burnout. The study sample consisted of Flemish early adolescents (n = 3409; Mage = 12.4 years (SD = 0.49) at the first measurement occasion; 50.3% males), which were surveyed twice (start of Grade 7 and Grade 8). Using Latent Change Modeling, academic contingent self-esteem was found to predict school burnout. Parental and teacher conditional regard both contributed to school burnout, partly through academic contingent self-esteem. Whereas negative conditional regard had the strongest implications for school burnout, positive conditional regard contributed most strongly to contingent self-esteem. Associations were systematically found both at the between-student level (i.e., high levels of antecedents were related to high levels of school burnout) and at the within-student level (i.e., increases in antecedents over time were related to concomitant increases in school burnout). These findings emphasize that communicating conditional approval to adolescents may increase school burnout risks, thus jeopardizing their healthy academic development.
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8
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Ballesio A, Zagaria A, Lombardo C. Perseverative Cognition and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Young Adults: A Cross-Lagged Panel Model. Psychopathology 2023; 56:397-402. [PMID: 36731449 DOI: 10.1159/000528859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), including persecutory ideation, bizarre experiences, and perceptual abnormalities, are considered risk factors for psychotic disorders and mental distress in the general population. The cognitive-affective mechanisms associated with PLEs remain under-investigated. We aimed to longitudinally assess the reciprocal associations between perseverative cognition (PC), an emerging transdiagnostic factor of psychopathology, and PLEs facets in young adults. Participants (n = 160) from the general population completed measures of PC and PLEs at baseline and at 2-month follow-up. A two-wave, three-variable, cross-lagged panel model was implemented controlling for well-established correlates of PC and PLEs such as depression, anxiety, and symptoms of sleep disturbance. Both PLEs and PC exhibited substantive rank-order stability (β ranged from 0.359 to 0.657, ps < 0.001). Cross-lagged effects revealed that baseline PC was associated with bizarre experiences at 2-month follow-up (β = 0.317; p < 0.01). This effect overcame the well-established cut-off for practical significance. In contrast, no baseline PLEs were associated with PC at follow-up. Findings suggest the presence of a monodirectional, rather than bidirectional, association between PC and bizarre experiences in young adulthood. Results should be interpreted in light of the relatively small, non-clinical, and convenient sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Greco A, Adorni R, De Matteis C, D’Addario M, Fattirolli F, Franzelli C, Giannattasio C, Luyckx K, Steca P. Latent change models of lifestyle in acute coronary syndrome patients: Are lifestyle changes associated with resilience changes? Health Psychol Open 2023; 10:20551029231167836. [PMID: 37007212 PMCID: PMC10064170 DOI: 10.1177/20551029231167836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the role of resilience resources in patients' lifestyle changes after the first Acute Coronary event. 275 Italian patients (84.0% men; mean age = 57.5, SD = 7.9) participated in a longitudinal study. Resilience resources (Self-esteem, Dispositional Optimism, Sense of Coherence – SOC, General and Disease-specific Self-efficacy), and lifestyles (diet, physical activity, and smoking) were assessed twice (at baseline and after 6 months). Path analysis using latent change models was performed to model the combined effect of levels and changes of the resilience resources over lifestyle changes. Patients with strong SOC at baseline were less prone to smoke and more prone to decrease smoking; enhancement in SOC was associated with a smoking decrease. High Disease-specific Self-efficacy at baseline was associated with an improvement in all lifestyles; enhancement in Disease-specific Self-efficacy predicted an increase in physical activity. Findings underline the need to design psychological interventions that promote patients' Disease-specific Self-efficacy and SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Greco
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Roberta Adorni
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Roberta Adorni, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo, 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara De Matteis
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco D’Addario
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Giannattasio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology IV, “A. De Gasperis” Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca’ Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Steca
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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10
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Russo S, Colloca P, Cavazza N, Roccato M. Household crowding during the COVID-19 lockdown fosters anti-democracy even after 17 months: A 5-wave latent growth curve study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 83:101867. [PMID: 36034614 PMCID: PMC9392657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In an earlier cross-sectional study, Roccato et al. (2021) showed that household crowding during the COVID-19 lockdown was positively related to support for anti-democratic political systems. However, little is known about the persistence of these effect over time. In this study, we examined its duration in a longitudinal study structured in five waves, the first in May-June 2019 (before the COVID-19 outbreak, N = 1504) and the others during the pandemic, in April 2020 (during the lockdown, N = 1199), October 2020 (N = 1156), April 2021 (N = 1148), and October 2021 (N = 1151). The increase in support for anti-democratic systems associated with household overcrowding in the initial phase of the lockdown (Wave 2) did not change over the subsequent 17 months. Moreover, the effect was stronger among those who had high (compared with low) trust in democratic political institutions before the pandemic. Strengths, limitations, and potential developments of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Russo
- University of Torino, Via Verdi 10, 10124, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Cavazza
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Viale Allegri 9, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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11
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Kudinova A, Brick LA, Barthelemy C, MacPherson HA, Jenkins G, DeYoung L, Gilbert A, Radoeva P, Kim K, Armey M, Dickstein D. Sex and age moderate the trajectory of guilt among children and adolescents with and without recent suicidal ideation. Cogn Emot 2022; 36:512-526. [PMID: 35077324 PMCID: PMC9156530 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2029359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine whether the trajectories of ecologically derived guilt differ among a transdiagnostic sample of youth with and without recent suicidal ideation and whether sex and age moderated this association. We assessed guilt 3 times a day over a 2-week period via ecological momentary assessment (EMA) technology in 102 children recruited from the community, outpatient, and inpatient settings. The average age of children was 10.95 y.o. (SD = 2.26, range 8-16) and the majority were male (54.9%) and White (76.5%). We found that the real-world guilt during a two-week EMA period was higher among youth with greater suicidal ideation severity in the past six months. Moreover, there was a significant moderating effect of sex and age on this association, such that the association between suicidal ideation severity and guilt was particularly strong among females compared to males and youth who were 10 years old or older. The findings were maintained when we adjusted for the relevant demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, minority status, parental income, EMA response rate, and current internalising symptoms. These preliminary findings highlight the clinical relevance of assessing and targeting feelings of guilt in the day-to-day lives of youth, particularly for females and older youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastacia Kudinova
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Leslie A. Brick
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christine Barthelemy
- PediMIND Program at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Gracie Jenkins
- PediMIND Program at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lena DeYoung
- PediMIND Program at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Gilbert
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Petya Radoeva
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kerri Kim
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Armey
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Daniel Dickstein
- PediMIND Program at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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MacNeill LA, Allen NB, Poleon RB, Vargas T, Osborne KJ, Damme KSF, Barch DM, Krogh-Jespersen S, Nielsen AN, Norton ES, Smyser CD, Rogers CE, Luby JL, Mittal VA, Wakschlag LS. Translating RDoC to Real-World Impact in Developmental Psychopathology: A Neurodevelopmental Framework for Application of Mental Health Risk Calculators. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1665-1684. [PMID: 35095215 PMCID: PMC8794223 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria's (RDoC) has prompted a paradigm shift from categorical psychiatric disorders to considering multiple levels of vulnerability for probabilistic risk of disorder. However, the lack of neurodevelopmentally-based tools for clinical decision-making has limited RDoC's real-world impact. Integration with developmental psychopathology principles and statistical methods actualize the clinical implementation of RDoC to inform neurodevelopmental risk. In this conceptual paper, we introduce the probabilistic mental health risk calculator as an innovation for such translation and lay out a research agenda for generating an RDoC- and developmentally-informed paradigm that could be applied to predict a range of developmental psychopathologies from early childhood to young adulthood. We discuss methods that weigh the incremental utility for prediction based on intensity and burden of assessment, the addition of developmental change patterns, considerations for assessing outcomes, and integrative data approaches. Throughout, we illustrate the risk calculator approach with different neurodevelopmental pathways and phenotypes. Finally, we discuss real-world implementation of these methods for improving early identification and prevention of developmental psychopathology. We propose that mental health risk calculators can build a needed bridge between RDoC's multiple units of analysis and developmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha A MacNeill
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Roshaye B Poleon
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | | | | | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sheila Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Christopher D Smyser
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cynthia E Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Halliwell P, Mitchell R, Boyle B. Interrelations between enhanced emotional intelligence, leadership self-efficacy and task-oriented leadership behaviour–a leadership coaching study. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-01-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate interrelations between enhanced emotional intelligence, leadership self-efficacy and task-oriented leadership behaviour following participation in leadership coaching.Design/methodology/approachOrganisational leaders (coachees) (N = 70) and their subordinates (N = 175) completed online questionnaires pre- and post-coaching. To account for pre-coaching scores, construct latent change scores were assessed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsResults indicate a positive association between enhanced emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy, however, little support was found for leadership self-efficacy as a mediator explaining an association between enhanced emotional intelligence and task-oriented leadership behaviour.Practical implicationsOrganisations aiming to improve leader performance through enhancing emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy may find value in leadership coaching due to the intervention's positive effect on these constructs, and the positive association observed between developmental changes in these constructs.Originality/valueResearch on the interrelation between emotional intelligence and leadership self-efficacy is scarce. This study extends the literature by investigating the interrelation between developmental changes between these constructs brought about by leadership coaching using latent change scores and PLS-SEM. The study also assesses whether enhanced leadership self-efficacy mediates an association between enhanced emotional intelligence and task-oriented leadership behaviour building on the literature explaining coaching's effect mechanisms.
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Mund M, Johnson MD, Nestler S. Changes in Size and Interpretation of Parameter Estimates in Within-Person Models in the Presence of Time-Invariant and Time-Varying Covariates. Front Psychol 2021; 12:666928. [PMID: 34539483 PMCID: PMC8441132 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.666928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, cross-lagged panel models (CLPM) have been the dominant statistical model in relationship research for investigating reciprocal associations between two (or more) constructs over time. However, recent methodological research has questioned the frequent usage of the CLPM because, amongst other things, the model commingles within-person associations with between-person associations, while most developmental research questions pertain to within-person processes. Furthermore, the model presumes that there are no third variables that confound the relationships between the longitudinally assessed variables. Therefore, the usage of alternative models such as the Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) or the Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR) has been suggested. These models separate between-person from within-person variation and they also control for time constant covariates. However, there might also be third variables that are not stable but rather change across time and that can confound the relationships between the variables studied in these models. In the present article, we explain the differences between the two types of confounders and investigate how they affect the parameter estimates of within-person models such as the RI-CLPM and the LCM-SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mund
- Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew D. Johnson
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steffen Nestler
- Institut für Psychologie, Münster University, Münster, Germany
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15
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Aichele S, Cekic S, Rabbitt P, Ghisletta P. Cognition-Mortality Associations Are More Pronounced When Estimated Jointly in Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Models. Front Psychol 2021; 12:708361. [PMID: 34421759 PMCID: PMC8378533 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.708361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With aging populations worldwide, there is growing interest in links between cognitive decline and elevated mortality risk—and, by extension, analytic approaches to further clarify these associations. Toward this end, some researchers have compared cognitive trajectories of survivors vs. decedents while others have examined longitudinal changes in cognition as predictive of mortality risk. A two-stage modeling framework is typically used in this latter approach; however, several recent studies have used joint longitudinal-survival modeling (i.e., estimating longitudinal change in cognition conditionally on mortality risk, and vice versa). Methodological differences inherent to these approaches may influence estimates of cognitive decline and cognition-mortality associations. These effects may vary across cognitive domains insofar as changes in broad fluid and crystallized abilities are differentially sensitive to aging and mortality risk. We compared these analytic approaches as applied to data from a large-sample, repeated-measures study of older adults (N = 5,954; ages 50–87 years at assessment; 4,453 deceased at last census). Cognitive trajectories indicated worse performance in decedents and when estimated jointly with mortality risk, but this was attenuated after adjustment for health-related covariates. Better cognitive performance predicted lower mortality risk, and, importantly, cognition-mortality associations were more pronounced when estimated in joint models. Associations between mortality risk and crystallized abilities only emerged under joint estimation. This may have important implications for cognitive reserve, which posits that knowledge and skills considered well-preserved in later life (i.e., crystallized abilities) may compensate for declines in abilities more prone to neurodegeneration, such as recall memory and problem solving. Joint longitudinal-survival models thus appear to be important (and currently underutilized) for research in cognitive epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Aichele
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sezen Cekic
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Rabbitt
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Ghisletta
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss National Center of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Universities of Lausanne and of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Distance University Institute, Brig, Switzerland
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McCabe CJ, Wall TL, Gonzalez MR, Meruelo AD, Eberson-Shumate SC, Clark DB, Nooner KB, Brown SA, Tapert SF. Associations of developmental imbalance between sensation seeking and premeditation in adolescence and heavy episodic drinking in emerging adulthood. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1249-1264. [PMID: 33991389 PMCID: PMC8254779 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual systems theories suggest that greater imbalance between higher reward sensitivity and lower cognitive control across adolescence conveys risk for behaviors such as heavy episodic drinking (HED). Prior research demonstrated that psychological analogues of these systems, sensation seeking and premeditation, change from childhood through emerging adulthood, and each has been independently linked with HED. However, few studies have assessed whether change over time in these developing analogues is prospectively associated with HED. Moreover, we know of no research that has shown whether within-person differences between higher sensation seeking and relatively lower premeditation across the adolescent period predict HED in emerging adulthood. METHODS Prospective data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence study (n = 715) were used to examine the association of sensation seeking and premeditation with HED among adolescents ages 16 to 20 years. We used novel applications of latent difference score modeling and growth curve analysis to test whether increasing sensation seeking, premeditation, and their imbalance over time are associated with HED across the study period, and whether these associations differed by sex. RESULTS Whereas premeditation increased linearly from adolescence through emerging adulthood across sexes, males reported growth and females reported decline in sensation seeking. Sensation seeking in adolescence (and not premeditation) was associated with higher levels of HED by emerging adulthood. Importantly, greater imbalance between sensation seeking and premeditation was associated with higher levels of HED by emerging adulthood though we note that variability capturing this imbalance correlated highly (r = 0.86) with baseline levels of sensation seeking. CONCLUSIONS Developmental imbalance between higher sensation seeking and lower premeditation in late adolescence may be a risk factor for greater HED in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate B. Nooner
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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17
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Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine differential and correlated change in personality across the adult lifespan. Studying differential and correlated change can help understand whether intraindividual trait change trajectories deviate from the norm and how these trajectories are coupled with each other. We used data from two large longitudinal panel studies from the United States that covered a total age range of 20 to 95 years on the first measurement occasion. We used correlated factor models and bivariate latent change score models to examine the rank-order stability and correlations between change across three measurement waves covering 18 years ( N = 3250) and four measurement waves covering 12 years ( N = 4145). We examined the moderation effects of continuous age on these model parameters using local structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the test–retest correlations decrease with increasing time between measurements but are unaffected by participants’ age. We found that change processes in Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were strongly related, particularly in late adulthood. Correlated change patterns were highly stable across time intervals and similar to the initial cross-sectional Big Five correlations. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for personality development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Olaru
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Netherlands
| | - Mathias Allemand
- Department of Psychology & URPP “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Matthes J, Thomas MF, Stevic A, Schmuck D. Fighting over smartphones? Parents' excessive smartphone use, lack of control over children's use, and conflict. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MixWILD: A program for examining the effects of variance and slope of time-varying variables in intensive longitudinal data. Behav Res Methods 2021; 52:1403-1427. [PMID: 31898295 PMCID: PMC7406537 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-019-01322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of intensive sampling methods, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), is increasingly prominent in medical research. However, inferences from such data are often limited to the subject-specific mean of the outcome and between-subject variance (i.e., random intercept), despite the capability to examine within-subject variance (i.e., random scale) and associations between covariates and subject-specific mean (i.e., random slope). MixWILD (Mixed model analysis With Intensive Longitudinal Data) is statistical software that tests the effects of subject-level parameters (variance and slope) of time-varying variables, specifically in the context of studies using intensive sampling methods, such as ecological momentary assessment. MixWILD combines estimation of a stage 1 mixed-effects location-scale (MELS) model, including estimation of the subject-specific random effects, with a subsequent stage 2 linear or binary/ordinal logistic regression in which values sampled from each subject's random effect distributions can be used as regressors (and then the results are aggregated across replications). Computations within MixWILD were written in FORTRAN and use maximum likelihood estimation, utilizing both the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and a Newton-Raphson solution. The mean and variance of each individual's random effects used in the sampling are estimated using empirical Bayes equations. This manuscript details the underlying procedures and provides examples illustrating standalone usage and features of MixWILD and its GUI. MixWILD is generalizable to a variety of data collection strategies (i.e., EMA, sensors) as a robust and reproducible method to test predictors of variability in level 1 outcomes and the associations between subject-level parameters (variances and slopes) and level 2 outcomes.
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20
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Petersen IT, Choe DE, LeBeau B. Studying a Moving Target in Development: The Challenge and Opportunity of Heterotypic Continuity. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2020; 58:100935. [PMID: 33244192 PMCID: PMC7685252 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many psychological constructs show heterotypic continuity-their behavioral manifestations change with development but their meaning remains the same (e.g., externalizing problems). However, research has paid little attention to how to account for heterotypic continuity. Conceptual and methodological challenges of heterotypic continuity may prevent researchers from examining lengthy developmental spans. Developmental theory requires that measurement accommodate changes in manifestation of constructs. Simulation and empirical work demonstrate that failure to account for heterotypic continuity when collecting or analyzing longitudinal data results in faulty developmental inferences. Accounting for heterotypic continuity may require using different measures across time with approaches that link measures on a comparable scale. Creating a developmental scale (i.e., developmental scaling) is recommended to link measures across time and account for heterotypic continuity, which is crucial in understanding development across the lifespan. The current synthesized review defines heterotypic continuity, describes how to identify it, and presents solutions to account for it. We note challenges of addressing heterotypic continuity, and propose steps in leveraging opportunities it creates to advance empirical study of development.
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21
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García-García I, Morys F, Dagher A. Nucleus accumbens volume is related to obesity measures in an age-dependent fashion. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12812. [PMID: 31758711 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Motivation theories of obesity suggest that one of the brain mechanisms underlying pathological eating and weight gain is the dysregulation of dopaminergic circuits. Although these dysregulations likely occur at the microscopic level, studies on grey matter volume report macroscopic differences associated with obesity. One region suggested to play a key role in the pathophysiology of obesity is the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). We performed a meta-analysis of findings regarding NAcc volume and overweight/obesity. We additionally examined whether grey matter volume in the NAcc and other mesolimbic areas depends on the longitudinal trajectory of obesity, using the UK Biobank dataset. To this end, we analysed the data using a latent growth model, which identifies whether a certain variable of interest (eg, NAcc volume) is related to another variable's (body mass index [BMI]) initial values or longitudinal trajectories. Our meta-analysis showed that, overall, NAcc volume is positively related to BMI. However, further analyses revealed that the relationship between NAcc volume and BMI is dependent on age. For younger individuals, such a relationship is positive, whereas, for older adults, it is negative. This was corroborated by our analysis in the UK Biobank dataset, which includes older adults, where we found that a higher BMI was associated with a lower NAcc and thalamus volume. Overall, the present study suggests that increased NAcc volume at a young age might be a vulnerability factor for obesity, whereas, at an older age, decreased NAcc volume with increased BMI might be an effect of prolonged influences of neuroinflammation on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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22
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Lin X, Xun X. Multivariate Shared-Parameter Mixed-Effects Location Scale Model for Analysis of Intensive Longitudinal Data. Stat Biopharm Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19466315.2020.1828160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Lin
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Tetzlaff L, Schmiedek F, Brod G. Developing Personalized Education: A Dynamic Framework. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-020-09570-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPersonalized education—the systematic adaptation of instruction to individual learners—has been a long-striven goal. We review research on personalized education that has been conducted in the laboratory, in the classroom, and in digital learning environments. Across all learning environments, we find that personalization is most successful when relevant learner characteristics are measured repeatedly during the learning process and when these data are used to adapt instruction in a systematic way. Building on these observations, we propose a novel, dynamic framework of personalization that conceptualizes learners as dynamic entities that change during and in interaction with the instructional process. As these dynamics manifest on different timescales, so do the opportunities for instructional adaptations—ranging from setting appropriate learning goals at the macroscale to reacting to affective-motivational fluctuations at the microscale. We argue that instructional design needs to take these dynamics into account in order to adapt to a specific learner at a specific point in time. Finally, we provide some examples of successful, dynamic adaptations and discuss future directions that arise from a dynamic conceptualization of personalization.
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Mohlman J, Lauderdale S, Wuthrich V. Subscales of the Fear Survey Schedule-III in Community Dwelling Older Adults - Relations to Clinical and Cognitive Measures. Clin Gerontol 2020; 43:281-294. [PMID: 30706768 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1571554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: One major obstacle to the diagnosis and treatment of specific phobias in later life is the lack of assessment tools that are relevant to the fears of older adults. This study investigated the utility of five reliable subscales (Blood/Injury, Agoraphobia, Aggression, Animal/Insect, Social Fears) derived from the Fear Survey Schedule-III, a popular measure of phobic fear, in discriminating older from younger participants.Method: The sample was comprised of 81 younger and 61 older adults who completed self-report measures of anxiety and depression and neuropsychological tests.Results: Older adults scored significantly higher than their younger counterparts only on the Aggression subscale of the FSS-III; whereas younger adults scored significantly higher than the older group only on the Social Fears subscale. These subscales showed slightly different associations with other measures of anxiety, depression, and intelligence across age groups. Within the older sample, scores on the Aggression subscale were significantly higher than all other subscales except for Social Fears.Conclusions: It is recommended that clinicians and researchers use subscale scores derived from the FSS-III, rather than total scores, when treating and studying fears of later life.Clinical Implications: Use of FSS-III subscales in assessment could result in improved detection and treatment of phobias in later life, and thus raise quality of life among the elderly. Older adults' fears of victimization should be prioritized as a possible treatment target in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mohlman
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sean Lauderdale
- Psychology and Special Education, Texas A&M-Commerce, Texas, USA
| | - Viviana Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Muehlroth BE, Werkle-Bergner M. Understanding the interplay of sleep and aging: Methodological challenges. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13523. [PMID: 31930523 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In quest of new avenues to explain, predict, and treat pathophysiological conditions during aging, research on sleep and aging has flourished. Despite the great scientific potential to pinpoint mechanistic pathways between sleep, aging, and pathology, only little attention has been paid to the suitability of analytic procedures applied to study these interrelations. On the basis of electrophysiological sleep and structural brain data of healthy younger and older adults, we identify, illustrate, and resolve methodological core challenges in the study of sleep and aging. We demonstrate potential biases in common analytic approaches when applied to older populations. We argue that uncovering age-dependent alterations in the physiology of sleep requires the development of adjusted and individualized analytic procedures that filter out age-independent interindividual differences. Age-adapted methodological approaches are thus required to foster the development of valid and reliable biomarkers of age-associated cognitive pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate E Muehlroth
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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Oschwald J, Guye S, Liem F. Brain structure and cognitive ability in healthy aging: a review on longitudinal correlated change. Rev Neurosci 2019; 31:1-57. [PMID: 31194693 PMCID: PMC8572130 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is still known about the neuroanatomical substrates related to changes in specific cognitive abilities in the course of healthy aging, and the existing evidence is predominantly based on cross-sectional studies. However, to understand the intricate dynamics between developmental changes in brain structure and changes in cognitive ability, longitudinal studies are needed. In the present article, we review the current longitudinal evidence on correlated changes between magnetic resonance imaging-derived measures of brain structure (e.g. gray matter/white matter volume, cortical thickness), and laboratory-based measures of fluid cognitive ability (e.g. intelligence, memory, processing speed) in healthy older adults. To theoretically embed the discussion, we refer to the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition. We found 31 eligible articles, with sample sizes ranging from n = 25 to n = 731 (median n = 104), and participant age ranging from 19 to 103. Several of these studies report positive correlated changes for specific regions and specific cognitive abilities (e.g. between structures of the medial temporal lobe and episodic memory). However, the number of studies presenting converging evidence is small, and the large methodological variability between studies precludes general conclusions. Methodological and theoretical limitations are discussed. Clearly, more empirical evidence is needed to advance the field. Therefore, we provide guidance for future researchers by presenting ideas to stimulate theory and methods for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Oschwald
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Guye
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program ‘Dynamics of Healthy Aging’, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
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Wille B, Hofmans J, Lievens F, Back MD, De Fruyt F. Climbing the corporate ladder and within-person changes in narcissism: Reciprocal relationships over two decades. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2019.103341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The longitudinal relationship of alcohol problems and depressive symptoms and the impact of externalising symptoms: findings from the Belfast Youth Developmental Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:1231-1241. [PMID: 30903238 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to contribute to the inconsistent literature on the comorbid relationship of alcohol problems and depressive symptoms from late adolescent to emerging adulthood by accounting for their trajectories and their conjoint relationship while controlling for the influence of externalising symptoms. METHODS We utilised data, from a longitudinal school cohort from Northern Ireland (Belfast Youth Developmental Study), over three time points where the participants were 16, 17 and 21 years of age. A total of 3118 participants were included, 1713 females and 1405 males. Second-order latent growth models were applied to examine growth trajectories. Parallel process growth models were used to assess whether growth trajectories of the symptoms were associated. Externalising symptoms were subsequently added as a covariate. RESULTS Alcohol problems among males significantly increased over time but decreased in females. Depressive symptoms initially increased then decreased in both genders. Results indicated associations of the alcohol problems and depression, both initially and with time. Accounting for externalising symptoms only somewhat diminished this effect in males but not in females. An increase of initial levels of depression was associated with a decrease in alcohol problems over time. This association was only true among females. After controlling for externalising symptoms, the relationship was no longer observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides further evidence of a significant relationship of alcohol problems and depression in adolescents and further supports a small literature indicating that depression may have protective effects of alcohol problems. Finally, the study shows the importance of accounting for externalising symptoms.
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Mund M, Nestler S. Beyond the Cross-Lagged Panel Model: Next-generation statistical tools for analyzing interdependencies across the life course. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2019; 41:100249. [PMID: 36738028 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades, researchers have employed the Cross-Lagged Panel Model (CLPM) to analyze the interactions and interdependencies of a wide variety of inner- or supra-individual variables across the life course. However, in the last years the CLPM has been criticized for its underlying assumptions and several alternative models have been proposed that allow to relax these assumptions. With the Random-Intercept CLPM, the Autoregressive Latent Trajectory Model with Structured Residuals, and the Dual Change Score Model, we describe three of the most prominent alternatives to the CLPM and provide an impression about how to interpret the results obtained with these models. To this end, we illustrate the use of the presented models with an empirical example on the interplay between self-esteem and relationship satisfaction. We provide R and Mplus scripts that might help life course researchers to use these novel and powerful alternatives to the CLPM in their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mund
- Institut für Psychologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 11, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Steffen Nestler
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Neumarkt 9-19, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
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Denner J, Valdes O, Dickson DJ, Laursen B. Math interest and self-concept among latino/a students: Reciprocal influences across the transition to middle school. J Adolesc 2019; 75:22-36. [PMID: 31302470 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological factors like math interest and self-concept typically decline between late childhood and early adolescence; both are key to math achievement. The present study examined the reciprocal interplay between math interest and self-concept across the transition into middle school, and whether associations are moderated by success attributions. METHODS A total of 263 (120 boys, 143 girls) Latino students (Mage = 10.5 years at outset) from an agricultural community in California (USA) completed surveys at three time points, from the end of primary school to the first year of middle school. Surveys measured math self-concept and math interest, as well as attributions to success in math. Cross-lagged panel models examined possible bidirectional associations between math self-concept and math interest, and whether attributions of success moderated these association. RESULTS Lower initial levels of math self-concept anticipated greater declines in math interest, an association that was buffered by attributions of math success. The smallest declines in math interest occurred among adolescents who had both the highest math self-concept and were most inclined to attribute success in math to internal factors like studying. These associations remained when potential confounding variables (e.g., school grades, conduct problems) were included. CONCLUSION The results replicate, in an understudied sample of Latino/a youth, the oft-reported link from low math self-concept to declining interest in math. Unique to this study is evidence of the protection afforded by belief in the efficacy of studying. The findings offer important guidance for teachers and parents seeking to mobilize resources for underperforming students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Denner
- Education, Training, Research, 100 Enterprise Way, Suite G300, Scotts Valley, CA, 95066, USA.
| | - Olivia Valdes
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 3200 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Daniel J Dickson
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Brett Laursen
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, 3200 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33431, USA.
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Jackson KM, Janssen T. Developmental considerations in survival models as applied to substance use research. Addict Behav 2019; 94:36-41. [PMID: 30538054 PMCID: PMC6527490 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Survival analysis is a class of models that are ideal for evaluating questions of timing of events, which makes them well-suited for modeling the development of a process such as initiation of substance use, development of addiction, or post-treatment recovery. The focus of this review paper is to demonstrate how survival models operate in a broader developmental framework and to offer guidance on selecting the appropriate model on the basis of the research question at hand. We provide a basic overview of survival models and then identify several key issues, explain how they pertain to research in the addiction field, and describe studies that utilize survival models to address questions about timing. We discuss the importance of carefully selecting the metric and origin of the time scale that corresponds to developmental process under investigation and we describe types of censoring/truncation. We describe the value of modeling covariates as time-invariant versus time-varying, and make the distinction between time-varying covariates and time-varying effects of covariates. We also explain how to test for substantive differences due to the timing of the assessment of the predictor. We finish the paper with a presentation of relatively novel extensions of survival models, including models that integrate standard statistical mediational analysis with discrete-time survival analysis, models that simultaneously consider order and timing of multiple events, and models that involve joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data. We also present our own substantive examples of various models in an Appendix containing annotated syntax and output.
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Usami S, Murayama K. Time-specific Errors in Growth Curve Modeling: Type-1 Error Inflation and a Possible Solution with Mixed-Effects Models. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2018; 53:876-897. [PMID: 30693803 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2018.1504273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth curve modeling (GCM) has been one of the most popular statistical methods to examine participants' growth trajectories using longitudinal data. In spite of the popularity of GCM, little attention has been paid to the possible influence of time-specific errors, which influence all participants at each timepoint. In this article, we demonstrate that the failure to take into account such time-specific errors in GCM produces considerable inflation of type-1 error rates in statistical tests of fixed effects (e.g., coefficients for the linear and quadratic terms). We propose a GCM that appropriately incorporates time-specific errors using mixed-effects models to address the problem. We also provide an applied example to illustrate that GCM with and without time-specific errors would lead to different substantive conclusions about the true growth trajectories. Comparisons with other models in longitudinal data analysis and potential issues of model misspecification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Usami
- a Department of Education , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kou Murayama
- b Department of Psychology , University of Reading , Reading , UK
- c Research Institute , Kochi University of Technology , Kochi , Japan
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Peleg S, Drori E, Banai S, Finkelstein A, Shiloh S. The Dynamic Nature of Self-Assessed Health (SAH) as a Function of Negative and Positive Affects among Cardiac Patients. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2018; 9:370-386. [PMID: 29171195 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-assessed health (SAH) predicts health outcomes above and beyond medical variables. One of the explanations for this robust finding is the sensitivity of SAH to changes in multiple aspects of health, including emotional factors. We assessed the dynamic nature of SAH by longitudinally examining the associations between initial and change levels of SAH and positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). METHODS Participants were 138 cardiac patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Self-report questionnaires measured SAH, PA, and NA, one day and one month after catheterisation. RESULTS Means of SAH and NA did not change between measurement points, but PA decreased. Cross-lagged analysis indicated that the best model for representing the data included a path from affect at hospitalisation to SAH one month later; that is, lower NA (but not PA) at hospitalisation predicted higher SAH a month later. A latent change model analysis also revealed that NA (but not PA) at hospitalisation predicted changes in SAH (but SAH did not predict changes in negative or positive affect); and that increases in positive affect and decreases in negative affect were linked to increases in SAH. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of NA as an indicator of SAH and SAH change, and provide further insights into the dynamics of SAH in cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shmuel Banai
- Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
| | - Ariel Finkelstein
- Tel Aviv University, Israel.,Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
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Bleys D, Soenens B, Claes S, Vliegen N, Luyten P. Parental psychological control, adolescent self-criticism, and adolescent depressive symptoms: A latent change modeling approach in Belgian adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1833-1853. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bleys
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental; Personality and Social Psychology; Ghent University; Belgium
| | | | - Nicole Vliegen
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; KU Leuven; Belgium
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences; KU Leuven; Belgium
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Hoofs H, Jansen NWH, Jansen MWJ, Kant IJ. The trait and occasion components of fatigue and their association with sickness absence. J Psychosom Res 2017; 102:54-60. [PMID: 28992898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fatigue is an important health outcome in public and occupational health care. To correctly understand and treat high levels of (prolonged) fatigue it is important to disentangle the state of fatigue into a time-varying (occasion) and -invarying (trait) component. Not only for understanding of the construct itself over time but also for its relation with (health) outcomes such as sickness absence. METHODS Longitudinal data (n=2316) from the Maastricht Cohort Study (MCS) study was used, which assessed fatigue across 4-month intervals using the Checklist Individual Strength (CIS). RESULTS It was found that the occasion component explains 27.60% (95%-CI [25.80%; 29.40%]) of the variance of fatigue and the trait component 71.00% (95%-CI [69.00%; 72.90%]). The trait component was, furthermore, found to be a significant predictor of sickness absence. CONCLUSION Fatigue has a considerable time-invariant component. As this component is also related with other adverse health outcomes, preventive measures and interventions should take the difference between the occasion and trait component of fatigue into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoofs
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service Southern Limburg, Geleen, The Netherlands.
| | - N W H Jansen
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M W J Jansen
- Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Limburg, Public Health Service Southern Limburg, Geleen, The Netherlands; Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - I J Kant
- Department of Epidemiology, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cognitive abilities and personality traits in old age across four years: More stability than change. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Voss T, Wagner W, Klusmann U, Trautwein U, Kunter M. Changes in beginning teachers’ classroom management knowledge and emotional exhaustion during the induction phase. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Valdés EG, O’Connor ML, Uc EY, Hauser RA, Andel R, Edwards JD. Use, maintenance and dose effects of cognitive speed of processing training in Parkinson's disease. Int J Neurosci 2017; 127:841-848. [PMID: 27919204 PMCID: PMC8284743 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2016.1269088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent research indicated that cognitive speed of processing training (SPT) improved Useful Field of View (UFOV) among individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The effects of SPT in PD have not been further examined. The objectives of the current study were to investigate use, maintenance and dose effects of SPT among individuals with PD. METHODS Participants who were randomized to SPT or a delayed control group completed the UFOV at a six-month follow-up visit. Use of SPT was monitored across the six-month study period. Regression explored factors affecting SPT use. Mixed effect models were conducted to examine the durability of training gains among those randomized to SPT (n = 44), and training dose effects among the entire sample (n = 87). RESULTS The majority of participants chose to continue to use SPT (52%). Those randomized to SPT maintained improvements in UFOV performance. A significant dose effect of SPT was evident such that more hours of training were associated with greater UFOV performance improvements. The cognitive benefits derived from SPT in PD may be maintained for up to three months. CONCLUSION Future research should determine how long gains endure and explore if such training gains transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G. Valdés
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melissa L. O’Connor
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ergun Y. Uc
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert A. Hauser
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ross Andel
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerri D. Edwards
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Hughes C, Devine RT. For Better or for Worse? Positive and Negative Parental Influences on Young Children's Executive Function. Child Dev 2017; 90:593-609. [PMID: 28800148 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite rapidly growing research on parental influences on children's executive function (EF), the uniqueness and specificity of parental predictors and links between adult EF and parenting remain unexamined. This 13-month longitudinal study of 117 parent-child dyads (60 boys; Mage at Time 1 = 3.94 years, SD = 0.53) included detailed observational coding of parent-child interactions and assessed adult and child EF and child verbal ability (VA). Supporting a differentiated view of parental influence, negative parent-child interactions and parental scaffolding showed unique and specific associations with child EF, whereas the home learning environment and parental language measures showed global associations with children's EF and VA.
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Adolf JK, Voelkle MC, Brose A, Schmiedek F. Capturing Context-Related Change in Emotional Dynamics via Fixed Moderated Time Series Analysis. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2017; 52:499-531. [PMID: 28532179 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2017.1321978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Much of recent affect research relies on intensive longitudinal studies to assess daily emotional experiences. The resulting data are analyzed with dynamic models to capture regulatory processes involved in emotional functioning. Daily contexts, however, are commonly ignored. This may not only result in biased parameter estimates and wrong conclusions, but also ignores the opportunity to investigate contextual effects on emotional dynamics. With fixed moderated time series analysis, we present an approach that resolves this problem by estimating context-dependent change in dynamic parameters in single-subject time series models. The approach examines parameter changes of known shape and thus addresses the problem of observed intra-individual heterogeneity (e.g., changes in emotional dynamics due to observed changes in daily stress). In comparison to existing approaches to unobserved heterogeneity, model estimation is facilitated and different forms of change can readily be accommodated. We demonstrate the approach's viability given relatively short time series by means of a simulation study. In addition, we present an empirical application, targeting the joint dynamics of affect and stress and how these co-vary with daily events. We discuss potentials and limitations of the approach and close with an outlook on the broader implications for understanding emotional adaption and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel C Voelkle
- a Max Planck Institute for Human Development
- b Humboldt University
| | - Annette Brose
- a Max Planck Institute for Human Development
- b Humboldt University
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- a Max Planck Institute for Human Development
- c German Institute for International Educational Research (DIPF)
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Bendayan R, Piccinin AM, Hofer SM, Cadar D, Johansson B, Muniz-Terrera G. Decline in Memory, Visuospatial Ability, and Crystalized Cognitive Abilities in Older Adults: Normative Aging or Terminal Decline? J Aging Res 2017; 2017:6210105. [PMID: 28634548 PMCID: PMC5467384 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the pattern of change in multiple measures of cognitive abilities in a sample of oldest-old adults, comparing two different time metrics (chronological age and time to death) and therefore examining both underlying conceptual assumptions (age-related change and terminal decline). Moreover, the association with individual characteristics as sex, education, and dementia diagnosis was also examined. Measures of cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination and the Swedish Clock Test) and tests of crystallized (knowledge and synonyms), memory (verbal memory, nonverbal long-term memory, recognition and correspondence, and short-term memory), and visuospatial ability were included. The sample consisted of 671 older Swedish adult participants of the OCTO Twin Study. Linear mixed models with random coefficients were used to analyse change patterns and BIC indexes were used to compare models. Results showed that the time to death model was the best option in analyses of change in all the cognitive measures considered (except for the Information Test). A significant cognitive decline over time was found for all variables. Individuals diagnosed with dementia had lower scores at the study entrance and a faster decline. More educated individuals performed better in all the measures of cognition at study entry than those with poorer education, but no differences were found in the rate of change. Differences were found in age, sex, or time to death at baseline across the different measures. These results support the terminal decline hypothesis when compared to models assuming that cognitive changes are driven by normative aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Bendayan
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College of London, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
| | - A. M. Piccinin
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - S. M. Hofer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - D. Cadar
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College of London, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
| | - B. Johansson
- Department of Psychology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - G. Muniz-Terrera
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College of London, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, UK
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Vansteelandt K, Houben M, Claes L, Berens A, Sleuwaegen E, Sienaert P, Kuppens P. The affect stabilization function of nonsuicidal self injury in Borderline Personality Disorder: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study. Behav Res Ther 2017; 92:41-50. [PMID: 28257980 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Devine RT, Bignardi G, Hughes C. Executive Function Mediates the Relations between Parental Behaviors and Children's Early Academic Ability. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1902. [PMID: 28018253 PMCID: PMC5156724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a growth of interest in parental influences on individual differences in children's executive function (EF) on the one hand and in the academic consequences of variation in children's EF on the other hand. The primary aim of this longitudinal study was to examine whether children's EF mediated the relation between three distinct aspects of parental behavior (i.e., parental scaffolding, negative parent-child interactions, and the provision of informal learning opportunities) and children's academic ability (as measured by standard tests of literacy and numeracy skills). Data were collected from 117 parent-child dyads (60 boys) at two time points ~1 year apart (M Age at Time 1 = 3.94 years, SD = 0.53; M Age at Time 2 = 5.11 years, SD = 0.54). At both time points children completed a battery of tasks designed to measure general cognitive ability (e.g., non-verbal reasoning) and EF (e.g., inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory). Our models revealed that children's EF (but not general cognitive ability) mediated the relations between parental scaffolding and negative parent-child interactions and children's early academic ability. In contrast, parental provision of opportunities for learning in the home environment was directly related to children's academic abilities. These results suggest that parental scaffolding and negative parent-child interactions influence children's academic ability by shaping children's emerging EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory T. Devine
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
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Devine RT, Hughes C. Family Correlates of False Belief Understanding in Early Childhood: A Meta-Analysis. Child Dev 2016; 89:971-987. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Berry D, Willoughby MT. On the Practical Interpretability of Cross-Lagged Panel Models: Rethinking a Developmental Workhorse. Child Dev 2016; 88:1186-1206. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Flunger B, Marttinen E, Tuominen-Soini H, Salmela-Aro K. How Do Young Adults Orchestrate Their Multiple Achievement-Related Goals? Associations of Achievement Goal Orientations With Identity Formation and Goal Appraisals. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2016.1234309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract. Correlated change in personality is essential to understanding change and development. It refers to the question of whether and to what degree changes in personality are interrelated over time within and between individuals. Compared to the longstanding literature on personality development, relatively less research has focused on correlated change in personality. The main goal of this paper is thus to discuss the potential of this concept for the field of personality development. First, we define correlated change and propose a categorization framework with multiple dimensions. Second, we discuss several theoretical concepts of correlated change that help understand the patterns, causes, and mechanisms underlying correlated change in personality. Third, we briefly describe several statistical approaches to modeling correlated change. Fourth, we summarize previous research on correlated change in personality. We focus our research on (a) correlated change within the Big Five personality traits, and (b) between the Big Five personality traits and three domains of life. Finally, we conclude by discussing challenges and future directions of the concept for the field of personality development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Allemand
- Department of Psychology, University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike Martin
- Department of Psychology, Gerontology Center, University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging,” University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Coertjens L, Vanthournout G, Lindblom-Ylänne S, Postareff L. Understanding individual differences in approaches to learning across courses: A mixed method approach. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lee EJ. Endorsement of achievement goals across secondary school years: Applying a state-trait framework. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Petersen IT, Hoyniak CP, McQuillan ME, Bates JE, Staples AD. Measuring the development of inhibitory control: The challenge of heterotypic continuity. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2016; 40:25-71. [PMID: 27346906 PMCID: PMC4917209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory control is thought to demonstrate heterotypic continuity, in other words, continuity in its purpose or function but changes in its behavioral manifestation over time. This creates major methodological challenges for studying the development of inhibitory control in childhood including construct validity, developmental appropriateness and sensitivity of measures, and longitudinal factorial invariance. We meta-analyzed 198 studies using measures of inhibitory control, a key aspect of self-regulation, to estimate age ranges of usefulness for each measure. The inhibitory control measures showed limited age ranges of usefulness owing to ceiling/floor effects. Tasks were useful, on average, for a developmental span of less than 3 years. This suggests that measuring inhibitory control over longer spans of development may require use of different measures at different time points, seeking to measure heterotypic continuity. We suggest ways to study the development of inhibitory control, with overlapping measurement in a structural equation modeling framework and tests of longitudinal factorial or measurement invariance. However, as valuable as this would be for the area, we also point out that establishing longitudinal factorial invariance is neither sufficient nor necessary for examining developmental change. Any study of developmental change should be guided by theory and construct validity, aiming toward a better empirical and theoretical approach to the selection and combination of measures.
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