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Carlsson IM, Bräutigam Ewe M, Nymberg P, Jormfeldt H. Building up bit by bit, parent's experiences of equine-assisted intervention among children and adolescents with mental illness: a grounded theory study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2354945. [PMID: 38758980 PMCID: PMC11104696 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2354945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental ill health among children and adolescents has increased worldwide. Mental health difficulties from a young age are associated with school absence and educational underachievement. A holistic perspective of treatments besides medical treatment is essential Thus, there is a need for research regarding equine-assisted intervention (EAI). PURPOSE The present study aimed to understand the outcomes of an equine-assisted intervention for children and adolescents with mental ill health from the perspectives of parents and close relatives. METHODS This study used a qualitative research design informed by Charmaz's Grounded Theory, with a purposive sample including six in-depth interviews. RESULTS The theory "building up bit by bit" was constructed, explaining the recognition that their children/adolescents were built up bit by bit and created a stronger self-identity. The participants referred to changes in the child's or adolescent's way of being and emotional regulation, which constituted building blocks leading to the child's or adolescent's 1. increased Harmony. 2. enhanced Self-identity, and 3. improved Capability. CONCLUSION Parents and close relatives experienced that their child or adolescent was built up bit by bit and gained a stronger foundation to stand on. This led to increased harmony in everyday life with stronger self-worth, better performance, and reduced school absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Nymberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne: Helsingborg/Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
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Davis MM, Modi HH, Skymba HV, Haigler K, Finnegan MK, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Neural Sensitivity to Peer Feedback and Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Executive Function. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22515. [PMID: 38923470 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Theories of adolescent development suggest that elevated neural sensitivity to social evaluation confers tradeoffs for adolescents' wellbeing, promoting adaptation to changing social contexts but increasing risk for emotional distress and depression. This study investigated whether the association between neural processing of peer feedback and depressive symptoms depends on teacher-reported executive function (EF) ability in adolescent girls. Girls showed activation to negative and positive peer feedback in regions implicated in social-emotional processing that interacted with EF to predict depressive symptoms. Specifically, activation predicted more depression in youth with poorer EF but less depression in youth with better EF, suggesting that the impact of increased social sensitivity may depend on youths' ability to regulate this sensitivity in adaptive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Davis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haina H Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haley V Skymba
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Haigler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Texas, USA
| | - Megan K Finnegan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Woo YS, Lee KU, Hahn C, McIntyre RS, Teopiz KM, Bahk WM. Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of THINC-integrated Tool (THINC-it-K): A Tool for Screening Assessment of Cognitive Function in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:458-465. [PMID: 39069685 PMCID: PMC11289603 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Objective : The present study was performed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the THINC-it tool (THINC-it-K) in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods : Subjects aged 19-65 years with recurrent MDD experiencing moderate to severe major depressive episode (n = 44) were evaluated and compared to age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 44). Subjects completed the THINC-it-K which includes variants of the Identification Task (IDN) using Choice Reaction Time, One-Back Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Trail Making Test-Part B, and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression-5-item (PDQ-5-D). Results : A total of 75.0% of patients with MDD exhibited cognitive performance 1 standard deviation or below. The differences in Spotter (p = 0.001), Codebreaker (p = 0.001), PDQ-5-D (p < 0.001) and objective THINC-it-K composite score (p = 0.002) were significant between the two groups. Concurrent validity of the THINC-it-K based on a calculated composite score was good (r = 0.856, p < 0.001), and ranges for each component tests were from 0.076 (IDN) to 0.928 (PDQ-5-D). Conclusion : The THINC-it-K exhibits good reliability and validity in adults with MDD. It could be a useful tool for the measurement of cognitive deficits in persons with MDD and should be implemented in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sup Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Uk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changtae Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kayla M. Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Jiang F, Zhang J, Yi Y, Tan A, Qin X, Wang P, Zhong X, Xiao J, Li J, Zhou B. Subjective and objective cognitive functioning in untreated late-life depression: An exploration centered on comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152490. [PMID: 38772325 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-Life Depression (LLD) is a prevalent mental health disorder that is often accompanied by cognitive impairments. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) on both subjective and objective cognitive abilities in untreated LLD individuals. METHODS A total of 77 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited for this study, comprising 31 individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (LLD group), 46 with MDD and coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (LLDA group), and 54 healthy controls (HC). Prior to the study, all patients had abstained from psychotropic medication for a minimum of two weeks. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessments were administered to all participants. RESULTS The LLDA group exhibited substantial disparities in memory, attention, processing speed,executive function,overall cognitive functioning, and subjective cognitive functioning when compared to the HC group. The LLD group displayed deficits in memory, SCWT-W in attention, SCWT-C in processing speed,overall cognitive functioning, and subjective cognitive functioning in comparison to the healthy controls. Although the LLD group achieved lower average scores in executive function, TMTA in processing speed, and DSST in attention than the HC group, no significant distinctions were identified between these groups in these domains. Linear regression analysis unveiled that anxiety symptoms had a significant impact on subjective cognitive deficits among MDD patients, but exhibited a milder influence on objective cognitive performance. After adjusting for the severity of depression, anxiety symptoms were found to affect TMTA in processing speed and subjective cognitive functioning in LLD patients. CONCLUSION Late-Life Depression (LLD) exhibits pervasive cognitive impairments, particularly in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder, presenting a crucial target for future therapeutic interventions. Among elderly individuals with depression, anxiety symptoms significantly impact subjective cognitive functioning, suggesting its potential utility in distinguishing between depression-associated cognitive decline and pre-dementia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Medical College of Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Arui Tan
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Peijia Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jieying Li
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Clarke AT, Fineberg NA, Pellegrini L, Laws KR. The relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 133:152491. [PMID: 38714143 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the relationship between cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity and clinical variables in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsychINFO databases until February 2023 for studies comparing patients with OCD and healthy controls on cognitive tests of compulsivity and impulsivity. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021299017). RESULTS Meta-analyses of 112 studies involving 8313 participants (4289 patients with OCD and 4024 healthy controls) identified significant impairments in compulsivity (g = -0.58, [95%CI -0.68, -0.47]; k = 76) and impulsivity (g = -0.48, [95%CI -0.57, -0.38]; k = 63); no significant difference between impairments. Medication use and comorbid psychiatric disorders were not significantly related to impairments. No associations were revealed with OCD severity, depression/anxiety, or illness duration. CONCLUSION Cognitive phenotypes of compulsivity and impulsivity in patients with OCD appear to be orthogonal to clinical variables, including severity of OCD symptomatology. Their clinical impact is poorly understood and may require different clinical assessment tools and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Clarke
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, UK; Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Keith R Laws
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Auerswald S, Koddebusch C, Hermann C. Elevated perceived stress in university students due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Potential contributing factors in a propensity-score-matched sample. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:715-728. [PMID: 38497207 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) pandemic has increased students' perceived burdens. The current study aimed to examine COVID-related changes and to identify potential factors that contribute to students' stress. METHOD Adopting a cross-sectional cohort-study design, we examined perceived stress and depressive and anxiety symptoms with a specific focus on the role of study-related variables such as perceived study-related demands, study-related resources, academic procrastination, and stress-enhancing beliefs. Two cohorts (Npre-COVID = 2,175; NCOVID = 959) were recruited at the same university and matched with regard to their propensity score (age, gender, semester). RESULTS Compared with the pre-COVID cohort, university students in the COVID cohort reported more perceived stress, more depressive and anxiety symptoms, more academic procrastination due to fear of failure, more stress-enhancing beliefs, more distress due to the housing situation, and more perceived study-related challenges (Cohen's d = 0.15-0.45). A stepwise regression analysis identified depressive symptoms, procrastination due to fear of failure, general self-efficacy, increased study demands, perceived difficulties with self-organized learning, distress due to housing, and stress-enhancing beliefs as predictors of perceived stress in the COVID cohort. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that the switch to online-only education increased the study-related burden for students, primarily due to exams being replaced by a greater amount of regular coursework and imposing demands on self-organized learning. Possibly, stress-enhancing beliefs and procrastination due to fear of failure might have been elevated due to less opportunity for social referencing and lack of felt social support by peer students. CONCLUSION Experienced increased burden in students during the COVID pandemic was mostly accounted for by a lack of perceived individual resources rather than by an increase in objective study-related demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Auerswald
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Koddebusch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Hermann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Yang M, Xie Q, Xiong W, Xu F, Zhang M, Wei M. The characteristics of WM in individuals with depressive tendencies: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study. Brain Cogn 2024; 180:106206. [PMID: 39068673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with depressive tendencies are considered to be at high risk for the onset of depressive disorders. Currently, most research focuses on the impairment of working memory in patients with depression, while there is less attention paid to the WM of individuals with depressive tendencies, and their neural mechanisms underlying it are poorly understood. Therefore, this study focuses on the characteristics and neural mechanisms of WM in individuals with depressive tendencies. This study uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to monitor the concentration of Oxy-Hb in the prefrontal cortex and employs the n-back paradigm, designing three levels of load: 0, 1, and 2, to examine the characteristics of WM and its neural mechanisms in individuals with depressive tendencies. Behavioral results show that the accuracy rates of individuals with depressive tendencies is significantly lower than that of healthy individuals, and under the 0-back condition, the reaction time of individuals with depressive tendencies is significantly higher than that of healthy control individuals. Near-infrared results indicate that the activation level in the frontal pole and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex of individuals with depressive tendencies is significantly lower than that of healthy control individuals. The β values of channels 2, 7, and 9 are significantly negatively correlated with the Beck Depression Inventory scores of the participants. The results suggest that the reduced activation of the frontal pole and dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex in individuals with depressive tendencies leads to poorer WM performance compared to healthy control individuals. This is a rare brain evidence of the characteristics of WM in individuals with depressive tendencies, which can provide a deeper understanding of the WM characteristics of individuals with depressive tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Yang
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China.
| | - Qinling Xie
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Meina Zhang
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Men Wei
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108 China
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Thai M, Olson EA, Nickels S, Dillon DG, Webb CA, Ren B, Killgore WDS, Rauch SL, Rosso IM, Pizzagalli DA. Neural and behavioral markers of inhibitory control predict symptom improvement during internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for depression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:303. [PMID: 39043642 PMCID: PMC11266709 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor inhibitory control contributes to deficits in emotion regulation, which are often targeted by treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Brain regions that contribute to inhibitory control and emotion regulation overlap; thus, inhibitory control might relate to response to CBT. In this study, we examined whether baseline inhibitory control and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) within overlapping emotion regulation-inhibitory control regions predicted treatment response to internet-based CBT (iCBT). Participants with MDD were randomly assigned to iCBT (N = 30) or a monitored attention control (MAC) condition (N = 30). Elastic net regression was used to predict post-treatment Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores from baseline variables, including demographic variables, PHQ-9 scores, Flanker effects (interference, sequential dependency, post-error slowing), and rsFC between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral anterior insula (AI), and right temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Essential prognostic predictor variables retained in the elastic net regression included treatment group, gender, Flanker interference response time (RT), right AI-TPJ rsFC, and left AI-right AI rsFC. Prescriptive predictor variables retained included interactions between treatment group and baseline PHQ-9 scores, age, gender, Flanker RT, sequential dependency effects on accuracy, post-error accuracy, right AI-TPJ rsFC, and left AI-right AI rsFC. Inhibitory control and rsFC within inhibitory control-emotion regulation regions predicted reduced symptom severity following iCBT, and these effects were stronger in the iCBT group than in the MAC group. These findings contribute to a growing literature indicating that stronger inhibitory control at baseline predicts better outcomes to psychotherapy, including iCBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Thai
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Olson
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie Nickels
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Dillon
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian A Webb
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boyu Ren
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric Biostatistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - William D S Killgore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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Anita NZ, Herrmann N, Ryoo SW, Major-Orfao C, Lin WZ, Kwan F, Noor S, Rabin JS, Marzolini S, Nestor S, Ruthirakuhan MT, MacIntosh BJ, Goubran M, Yang P, Cogo-Moreira H, Rapoport M, Gallagher D, Black SE, Goldstein BI, Lanctôt KL, Oh PI, Taha AY, Swardfager W. Cytochrome P450-soluble epoxide hydrolase oxylipins, depression and cognition in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108826. [PMID: 39059187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined serum cytochrome P450-soluble epoxide hydrolase (CYP450-sEH) oxylipins and depressive symptoms together in relation to cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Clinically cognitively normal T2DM individuals were recruited (NCT04455867). Depressive symptom severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; total scores ≤13 indicated minimal depressive symptoms and ≥ 14 indicated significant depressive symptoms). Executive function and verbal memory were assessed. Fasting serum oxylipins were quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. RESULTS The study included 85 participants with minimal depressive symptoms and 27 with significant symptoms (mean age: 63.3 ± 9.8 years, 49 % women). In all participants, higher concentrations of linoleic acid derived sEH (12,13-dihydroxyoctadecamonoenoic acid; DiHOME) and CYP450 (12(13)-epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acid; EpOME) metabolites were associated with poorer executive function (F1,101 = 6.094, p = 0.015 and F1,101 = 5.598, p = 0.020, respectively). Concentrations of multiple sEH substrates interacted with depressive symptoms to predict 1) poorer executive function, including 9(10)-EpOME (F1,100 = 12.137, p < 0.001), 5(6)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5(6)-EpETrE; F1,100 = 6.481, p = 0.012) and 11(12)-EpETrE (F1,100 = 4.409, p = 0.038), and 2) verbal memory, including 9(10)-EpOME (F1,100 = 4.286, p = 0.041), 5(6)-EpETrE (F1,100 = 6.845, p = 0.010), 11(12)-EpETrE (F1,100 = 3.981, p = 0.049) and 14(15)-EpETrE (F1,100 = 5.019, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Associations of CYP450-sEH metabolites and depressive symptoms with cognition highlight the biomarker and therapeutic potential of the CYP450-sEH pathway in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Z Anita
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - Nathan Herrmann
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Si Won Ryoo
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - Chelsi Major-Orfao
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - William Z Lin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - Felicia Kwan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - Shiropa Noor
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada; Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean Nestor
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Myuri T Ruthirakuhan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Maged Goubran
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Pearl Yang
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Education, Østfold University College, 1757 B R A Veien 4, Halden 1757, Norway
| | - Mark Rapoport
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Damien Gallagher
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry - University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krista L Lanctôt
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada; Department of Psychiatry - University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul I Oh
- KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine - University of Toronto, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Canada.
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10
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Lausi G, Cricenti C, Mari E, Burrai J, Quaglieri A, Giannini AM, Barchielli B. An explorative study on consequences of abuse on psychological wellbeing and cognitive outcomes in victims of gender-based violence. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1367489. [PMID: 39100559 PMCID: PMC11294214 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1367489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The issue of gender-based violence has been a public health problem for years. Considering its systemic nature, the possible consequences at the individual level on the psychological and cognitive wellbeing of victims have been examined. The present research aims to explore the differences in the various types and forms of violence. Methods A non-probability and convenience sample was used; a total of 83 participants joined the research. Inclusion criteria were minimum age of 18 years, female gender, and knowledge of the Italian language. Two non-parametric One-Way ANOVAs (Kruskal-Wallis) were performed according to the type of violence experienced and the type of self-reported abuse (i.e., no victimization, single victimization, complex victimization). Results and discussion Results showed that victims of violence scored higher overall than non-victims on all subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Analyses among the three groups-no violence, single violence, and complex violence-showed no differences in any of the dimensions between those who experienced single and complex violence, while differences emerged between the "no victimization" group and the other groups. The results were discussed in relation to the existing literature on the topic, highlighting the limitations and future applications of the collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic, Clinical Psychology and Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Hird EJ, Slanina-Davies A, Lewis G, Hamer M, Roiser JP. From movement to motivation: a proposed framework to understand the antidepressant effect of exercise. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:273. [PMID: 38961071 PMCID: PMC11222551 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, exerting a profound negative impact on quality of life in those who experience it. Depression is associated with disruptions to several closely related neural and cognitive processes, including dopamine transmission, fronto-striatal brain activity and connectivity, reward processing and motivation. Physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, reduces depressive symptoms, but the mechanisms driving its antidepressant effects are poorly understood. Here we propose a novel hypothesis for understanding the antidepressant effects of exercise, centred on motivation, across different levels of explanation. There is robust evidence that aerobic exercise decreases systemic inflammation. Inflammation is known to reduce dopamine transmission, which in turn is strongly implicated in effort-based decision making for reward. Drawing on a broad range of research in humans and animals, we propose that by reducing inflammation and boosting dopamine transmission, with consequent effects on effort-based decision making for reward, exercise initially specifically improves 'interest-activity' symptoms of depression-namely anhedonia, fatigue and subjective cognitive impairment - by increasing propensity to exert effort. Extending this framework to the topic of cognitive control, we explain how cognitive impairment in depression may also be conceptualised through an effort-based decision-making framework, which may help to explain the impact of exercise on cognitive impairment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of exercise could inform the development of novel intervention strategies, in particular personalised interventions and boost social prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Hird
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - A Slanina-Davies
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - G Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Hamer
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J P Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Müller J, Herpertz J, Taylor J, Suslow T, Lane RD, Donges US. Emotional awareness for self and others and empathic abilities in clinical depression during acute illness and recovery. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:488. [PMID: 38965469 PMCID: PMC11225305 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present longitudinal investigation had two major goals. First, we intended to clarify whether depressed patients are characterized by impairments of emotional awareness for the self and the other during acute illness and whether these impairments diminish in the course of an inpatient psychiatric treatment program. Previous research based on the performance measure Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS) provided inconsistent findings concerning emotional self-awareness in clinical depression. Second, we investigated whether cognitive and affective empathic abilities change from acute illness to recovery in depressed patients. METHODS Fifty-eight depressed patients were tested on admission and after 6-8 weeks of inpatient psychiatric treatment. A sample of fifty-three healthy individuals were also examined twice at an interval of 6-8 weeks. The LEAS and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were administered to assess emotional awareness and empathic abilities. Written texts were digitalized and then analyzed using the electronic scoring program geLEAS, the German electronic Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale. RESULTS Depressed patients reported more depressive symptoms than healthy controls and less severe depressive symptomatology at time 2 compared to time 1. Independent of time, depressed individuals tended to show lower geLEAS self scores and had lower geLEAS other scores than healthy individuals. Depressed patients showed higher personal distress scores than healthy individuals at both measurement times. No group differences were observed for the cognitive empathy scales of the IRI (perspective taking and fantasy) and empathic concern, but empathic concern decreased significantly in depressed patients from time 1 to time 2. Empathic abilities as assessed by the IRI were not significantly correlated with emotional awareness for others, neither in the whole sample, nor in the patient and control subsample. CONCLUSIONS Depressed patients seem to be characterized by impairments in emotional awareness of others during acute illness and recovery, but they also tend to show deficits in emotional self-awareness compared to healthy individuals. Self-reported cognitive empathic abilities seem to be at normal levels in depressed patients, but their heightened self-focused affective empathy may represent a vulnerability factor for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin Gropius Krankenhaus, Eberswalde, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Herpertz
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jacob Taylor
- David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Suslow
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard D Lane
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Uta-Susan Donges
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin Gropius Krankenhaus, Eberswalde, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charite Mitte, Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychotherapy Science, Sigmund Freud University, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Liu Q, Zhang Y. A Comparative Study on Cognitive Assessment in Cerebellar and Supratentorial Stroke. Brain Sci 2024; 14:676. [PMID: 39061417 PMCID: PMC11274804 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to understand the cognitive profiles of cerebellar infarction patients and compare them to those with supratentorial infarctions, particularly frontal infarctions. This current study also aims to find reliable assessment tools for detecting cognitive impairment in cerebellar infarction patients. A total of fifty cerebellar infarction patients, sixty supratentorial infarction patients, and thirty-nine healthy controls were recruited. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), and Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome scale (CCAS-s) were used to assess global cognitive function. An extensive neuropsychological assessment battery was also tested to evaluate the characteristics of each cognitive domain. To assess the features of cognitive function, a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation tool was also utilized. The cerebral infarction patients demonstrated cognitive impairment comparable to those with frontal infarcts, notably characterized by disturbance in attention and executive function. However, the degree of cognitive impairment was comparatively milder in cerebellar infarction patients. Furthermore, the patients in the cerebellar group had worse scores in the ACE-III and CCAS-s compared to healthy controls. The two assessments also demonstrated a significant area under the curve values, indicating their effectiveness in distinguishing cognitive impairment in cerebellar infarctions. In conclusion, cognitive impairment in a cerebellar infarction resembles frontal lobe dysfunction but is generally mild. It can be accurately assessed using the ACE-III and CCAS-s scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
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14
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Prompiengchai S, Dunlop K. Breakthroughs and challenges for generating brain network-based biomarkers of treatment response in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01907-1. [PMID: 38951585 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Treatment outcomes widely vary for individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder, implicating a need for deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms conferring a greater likelihood of response to a particular treatment. Our improved understanding of intrinsic brain networks underlying depression psychopathology via magnetic resonance imaging and other neuroimaging modalities has helped reveal novel and potentially clinically meaningful biological markers of response. And while we have made considerable progress in identifying such biomarkers over the last decade, particularly with larger, multisite trials, there are significant methodological and practical obstacles that need to be overcome to translate these markers into the clinic. The aim of this review is to review current literature on brain network structural and functional biomarkers of treatment response or selection in depression, with a specific focus on recent large, multisite trials reporting predictive accuracy of candidate biomarkers. Regarding pharmaco- and psychotherapy, we discuss candidate biomarkers, reporting that while we have identified candidate biomarkers of response to a single intervention, we need more trials that distinguish biomarkers between first-line treatments. Further, we discuss the ways prognostic neuroimaging may help to improve treatment outcomes to neuromodulation-based therapies, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation. Lastly, we highlight obstacles and technical developments that may help to address the knowledge gaps in this area of research. Ultimately, integrating neuroimaging-derived biomarkers into clinical practice holds promise for enhancing treatment outcomes and advancing precision psychiatry strategies for depression management. By elucidating the neural predictors of treatment response and selection, we can move towards more individualized and effective depression interventions, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine Dunlop
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Ronneberg CR, Lv N, Ajilore OA, Kannampallil T, Smyth J, Kumar V, Barve A, Garcia C, Dosala S, Wittels N, Xiao L, Aborisade G, Zhang A, Tang Z, Johnson J, Ma J. Study of a PST-trained voice-enabled artificial intelligence counselor for adults with emotional distress (SPEAC-2): Design and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 142:107574. [PMID: 38763307 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel and scalable psychotherapies are urgently needed to address the depression and anxiety epidemic. Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), a voice-based virtual coach named Lumen was developed to deliver problem solving treatment (PST). The first pilot trial showed promising changes in cognitive control measured by functional neuroimaging and improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms. METHODS To further validate Lumen in a 3-arm randomized clinical trial, 200 participants with mild-to-moderate depression and/or anxiety will be randomly assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive Lumen-coached PST, human-coached PST as active treatment comparison, or a waitlist control condition where participants can receive Lumen after the trial period. Participants will be assessed at baseline and 18 weeks. The primary aim is to confirm neural target engagement by testing whether compared with waitlist controls, Lumen participants will show significantly greater improvements from baseline to 18 weeks in the a priori neural target for cognitive control, right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex engaged by the go/nogo task (primary superiority hypothesis). A secondary hypothesis will test whether compared with human-coached PST participants, Lumen participants will show equivalent improvements (i.e., noninferiority) in the same neural target from baseline to 18 weeks. The second aim is to examine (1) treatment effects on depression and anxiety symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life outcomes, and (2) relationships of neural target engagement to these patient-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study offers potential to improve the reach and impact of psychotherapy, mitigating access, cost, and stigma barriers for people with depression and/or anxiety. CLINICALTRIALS gov #: NCT05603923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina R Ronneberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Nan Lv
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Olusola A Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Thomas Kannampallil
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Joshua Smyth
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Amruta Barve
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Claudia Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Sushanth Dosala
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Nancy Wittels
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
| | - Gbenga Aborisade
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Zhengxin Tang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1853 W Polk St, Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608, United States of America.
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16
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Porter BM, Roe MA, Mitchell ME, Church JA. A longitudinal examination of executive function abilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and puberty in adolescence. Child Dev 2024; 95:1076-1091. [PMID: 38085108 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Executive function (EF) abilities have been linked to numerous important life outcomes. We longitudinally characterized EF and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) trajectories across adolescence (initial ages 8-19). Utilizing 3 years of annual data in 99 youth collected between years 2016 and 2020 (70.7% White, 40 females), we examined how age, puberty, and ADHD symptom burden related to EF across time. Age and puberty levels interacted to predict EF such that older youth with higher puberty had lower EF. While EF and ADHD significantly predicted each other, cross-lagged panel models revealed that earlier EF predicted later ADHD burden while controlling for baseline ADHD burden, but not vice versa. These findings inform our understanding of the dynamics between EF and mental health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaire M Porter
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Abbe Roe
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Mitchell
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica A Church
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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17
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Hempel M, Barnhofer T, Domke AK, Hartling C, Stippl A, Carstens L, Gärtner M, Grimm S. Aberrant associations between neuronal resting-state fluctuations and working memory-induced activity in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02647-w. [PMID: 38951625 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Previous investigations have revealed performance deficits and altered neural processes during working-memory (WM) tasks in major depressive disorder (MDD). While most of these studies used task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), there is an increasing interest in resting-state fMRI to characterize aberrant network dynamics involved in this and other MDD-associated symptoms. It has been proposed that activity during the resting-state represents characteristics of brain-wide functional organization, which could be highly relevant for the efficient execution of cognitive tasks. However, the dynamics linking resting-state properties and task-evoked activity remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between spontaneous activity as indicated by the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF) at rest and activity during an emotional n-back task. 60 patients diagnosed with an acute MDD episode, and 52 healthy controls underwent the fMRI scanning procedure. Within both groups, positive correlations between spontaneous activity at rest and task-activation were found in core regions of the central-executive network (CEN), whereas spontaneous activity correlated negatively with task-deactivation in regions of the default mode network (DMN). Compared to healthy controls, patients showed a decreased rest-task correlation in the left prefrontal cortex (CEN) and an increased negative correlation in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (DMN). Interestingly, no significant group-differences within those regions were found solely at rest or during the task. The results underpin the potential value and importance of resting-state markers for the understanding of dysfunctional network dynamics and neural substrates of cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hempel
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Barnhofer
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Kathrin Domke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Hartling
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Stippl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Carstens
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matti Gärtner
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Rüdesheimer Straße 50, 14197, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Bustamante LA, Barch DM, Solis J, Oshinowo T, Grahek I, Konova AB, Daw ND, Cohen JD. Major depression symptom severity associations with willingness to exert effort and patch foraging strategy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.18.24302985. [PMID: 38947009 PMCID: PMC11213125 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.18.24302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) can experience reduced motivation and cognitive function, leading to challenges with goal-directed behavior. When selecting goals, people maximize 'expected value' by selecting actions that maximize potential reward while minimizing associated costs, including effort 'costs' and the opportunity cost of time. In MDD, differential weighing of costs and benefits are theorized mechanisms underlying changes in goal-directed cognition and may contribute to symptom heterogeneity. We used the Effort Foraging Task to quantify cognitive and physical effort costs, and patch leaving thresholds in low effort conditions (hypothesized to reflect perceived opportunity cost of time) and investigated their shared versus distinct relationships to clinical features in participants with MDD (N=52, 43 in-episode) and comparisons (N=27). Contrary to our predictions, none of the decision-making measures differed with MDD diagnosis. However, each of the measures were related to symptom severity, over and above effects of ability (i.e., performance). Greater anxiety symptoms were selectively associated with lower cognitive effort cost (i.e. greater willingness to exert effort). Anhedonia symptoms were associated with increased physical effort costs. Finally, greater physical anergia was related to decreased patch leaving thresholds. Markers of effort-based decision-making may inform understanding of MDD heterogeneity. Increased willingness to exert cognitive effort may contribute to anxiety symptoms such as rumination and worry. The association of decreased leaving thresholds with symptom severity is consistent with reward rate-based accounts of reduced vigor in MDD. Future research should address subtypes of depression with or without anxiety, which may relate differentially to cognitive effort decisions.
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19
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Ayyash S, Davis AD, Alders GL, MacQueen G, Strother SC, Hassel S, Zamyadi M, Arnott SR, Harris JK, Lam RW, Milev R, Müller DJ, Kennedy SH, Rotzinger S, Frey BN, Minuzzi L, Hall GB. Assessing remission in major depressive disorder using a functional-structural data fusion pipeline: A CAN-BIND-1 study. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:135-146. [PMID: 38293679 PMCID: PMC10826332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural network-level changes underlying symptom remission in major depressive disorder (MDD) are often studied from a single perspective. Multimodal approaches to assess neuropsychiatric disorders are evolving, as they offer richer information about brain networks. A FATCAT-awFC pipeline was developed to integrate a computationally intense data fusion method with a toolbox, to produce a faster and more intuitive pipeline for combining functional connectivity with structural connectivity (denoted as anatomically weighted functional connectivity (awFC)). Ninety-three participants from the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression study (CAN-BIND-1) were included. Patients with MDD were treated with 8 weeks of escitalopram and adjunctive aripiprazole for another 8 weeks. Between-group connectivity (SC, FC, awFC) comparisons contrasted remitters (REM) with non-remitters (NREM) at baseline and 8 weeks. Additionally, a longitudinal study analysis was performed to compare connectivity changes across time for REM, from baseline to week-8. Association between cognitive variables and connectivity were also assessed. REM were distinguished from NREM by lower awFC within the default mode, frontoparietal, and ventral attention networks. Compared to REM at baseline, REM at week-8 revealed increased awFC within the dorsal attention network and decreased awFC within the frontoparietal network. A medium effect size was observed for most results. AwFC in the frontoparietal network was associated with neurocognitive index and cognitive flexibility for the NREM group at week-8. In conclusion, the FATCAT-awFC pipeline has the benefit of providing insight on the 'full picture' of connectivity changes for REMs and NREMs while making for an easy intuitive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos Ayyash
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gésine L Alders
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen C Strother
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefanie Hassel
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mojdeh Zamyadi
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline K Harris
- Department of Computer Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roumen Milev
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, Queen's University, Providence Care Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Rotzinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Mood Disorders Treatment and Research Centre and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Mood Disorders Treatment and Research Centre and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey B Hall
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Ajith M, Aycock DM, Tone EB, Liu J, Misiura MB, Ellis R, Plis SM, King TZ, Dotson VM, Calhoun V. A deep learning approach for mental health quality prediction using functional network connectivity and assessment data. Brain Imaging Behav 2024; 18:630-645. [PMID: 38340285 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
While one can characterize mental health using questionnaires, such tools do not provide direct insight into the underlying biology. By linking approaches that visualize brain activity to questionnaires in the context of individualized prediction, we can gain new insights into the biology and behavioral aspects of brain health. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) can be used to identify biomarkers of these conditions and study patterns of abnormal connectivity. In this work, we estimate mental health quality for individual participants using static functional network connectivity (sFNC) data from rs-fMRI. The deep learning model uses the sFNC data as input to predict four categories of mental health quality and visualize the neural patterns indicative of each group. We used guided gradient class activation maps (guided Grad-CAM) to identify the most discriminative sFNC patterns. The effectiveness of this model was validated using the UK Biobank dataset, in which we showed that our approach outperformed four alternative models by 4-18% accuracy. The proposed model's performance evaluation yielded a classification accuracy of 76%, 78%, 88%, and 98% for the excellent, good, fair, and poor mental health categories, with poor mental health accuracy being the highest. The findings show distinct sFNC patterns across each group. The patterns associated with excellent mental health consist of the cerebellar-subcortical regions, whereas the most prominent areas in the poor mental health category are in the sensorimotor and visual domains. Thus the combination of rs-fMRI and deep learning opens a promising path for developing a comprehensive framework to evaluate and measure mental health. Moreover, this approach had the potential to guide the development of personalized interventions and enable the monitoring of treatment response. Overall this highlights the crucial role of advanced imaging modalities and deep learning algorithms in advancing our understanding and management of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Ajith
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 55 Park Pl NE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
| | - Dawn M Aycock
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4019, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Erin B Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria B Misiura
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Suite 505, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rebecca Ellis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sergey M Plis
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 55 Park Pl NE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tricia Z King
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5010, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5010, USA
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 55 Park Pl NE, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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21
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Cormack F, McCue M, Skirrow C, Cashdollar N, Taptiklis N, van Schaik T, Fehnert B, King J, Chrones L, Sarkey S, Kroll J, Barnett JH. Characterizing Longitudinal Patterns in Cognition, Mood, And Activity in Depression With 6-Week High-Frequency Wearable Assessment: Observational Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e46895. [PMID: 38819909 PMCID: PMC11179033 DOI: 10.2196/46895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive symptoms are an underrecognized aspect of depression that are often untreated. High-frequency cognitive assessment holds promise for improving disease and treatment monitoring. Although we have previously found it feasible to remotely assess cognition and mood in this capacity, further work is needed to ascertain the optimal methodology to implement and synthesize these techniques. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine (1) longitudinal changes in mood, cognition, activity levels, and heart rate over 6 weeks; (2) diurnal and weekday-related changes; and (3) co-occurrence of fluctuations between mood, cognitive function, and activity. METHODS A total of 30 adults with current mild-moderate depression stabilized on antidepressant monotherapy responded to testing delivered through an Apple Watch (Apple Inc) for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included cognitive function, assessed with 3 brief n-back tasks daily; self-reported depressed mood, assessed once daily; daily total step count; and average heart rate. Change over a 6-week duration, diurnal and day-of-week variations, and covariation between outcome measures were examined using nonlinear and multilevel models. RESULTS Participants showed initial improvement in the Cognition Kit N-Back performance, followed by a learning plateau. Performance reached 90% of individual learning levels on average 10 days after study onset. N-back performance was typically better earlier and later in the day, and step counts were lower at the beginning and end of each week. Higher step counts overall were associated with faster n-back learning, and an increased daily step count was associated with better mood on the same (P<.001) and following day (P=.02). Daily n-back performance covaried with self-reported mood after participants reached their learning plateau (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS The current results support the feasibility and sensitivity of high-frequency cognitive assessments for disease and treatment monitoring in patients with depression. Methods to model the individual plateau in task learning can be used as a sensitive approach to better characterize changes in behavior and improve the clinical relevance of cognitive data. Wearable technology allows assessment of activity levels, which may influence both cognition and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cormack
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cognition Kit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie McCue
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Skirrow
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ben Fehnert
- Cognition Kit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ctrl Group, London, United Kingdom
- Fora Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - James King
- Cognition Kit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Ctrl Group, London, United Kingdom
- Fora Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lambros Chrones
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, United States
| | - Sara Sarkey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, United States
| | | | - Jennifer H Barnett
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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22
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Rios RL, Green M, Smith SK, Kafashan M, Ching S, Farber NB, Lin N, Lucey BP, Reynolds CF, Lenze EJ, Palanca BJA. Propofol enhancement of slow wave sleep to target the nexus of geriatric depression and cognitive dysfunction: protocol for a phase I open label trial. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e087516. [PMID: 38816055 PMCID: PMC11138309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Late-life treatment-resistant depression (LL-TRD) is common and increases risk for accelerated ageing and cognitive decline. Impaired sleep is common in LL-TRD and is a risk factor for cognitive decline. Slow wave sleep (SWS) has been implicated in key processes including synaptic plasticity and memory. A deficiency in SWS may be a core component of depression pathophysiology. The anaesthetic propofol can induce electroencephalographic (EEG) slow waves that resemble SWS. Propofol may enhance SWS and oral antidepressant therapy, but relationships are unclear. We hypothesise that propofol infusions will enhance SWS and improve depression in older adults with LL-TRD. This hypothesis has been supported by a recent small case series. METHODS AND ANALYSIS SWIPED (Slow Wave Induction by Propofol to Eliminate Depression) phase I is an ongoing open-label, single-arm trial that assesses the safety and feasibility of using propofol to enhance SWS in older adults with LL-TRD. The study is enrolling 15 English-speaking adults over age 60 with LL-TRD. Participants will receive two propofol infusions 2-6 days apart. Propofol infusions are individually titrated to maximise the expression of EEG slow waves. Preinfusion and postinfusion sleep architecture are evaluated through at-home overnight EEG recordings acquired using a wireless headband equipped with dry electrodes. Sleep EEG recordings are scored manually. Key EEG measures include sleep slow wave activity, SWS duration and delta sleep ratio. Longitudinal changes in depression, suicidality and anhedonia are assessed. Assessments are performed prior to the first infusion and up to 10 weeks after the second infusion. Cognitive ability is assessed at enrolment and approximately 3 weeks after the second infusion. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Washington University Human Research Protection Office. Recruitment began in November 2022. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, peer-reviewed publications and mass media. Positive results will lead to a larger phase II randomised placebo-controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04680910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lynn Rios
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael Green
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S Kendall Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - MohammadMehdi Kafashan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - ShiNung Ching
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nuri B Farber
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles F Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric J Lenze
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ben Julian Agustin Palanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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23
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Waizman Y, Herschel E, Cárdenas SI, Vaccaro AG, Aviv EC, Sellery PE, Goldenberg D, Kaplan J, Saxbe DE. Neural correlates of inhibitory control in the context of infant cry and paternal postpartum mental health. Behav Brain Res 2024; 465:114947. [PMID: 38460795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitory control, a form of self-regulation, may support sensitive parenting, but has been understudied in new fathers despite their pronounced risk for stress and mental health challenges. METHODS This study probed the neural correlates of inhibitory control and its associations to first-time fathers' postpartum mental health, focusing on depressive symptoms, state anxiety, and perceived stress. Six months after their child's birth, 38 fathers self-reported on their mood, anxiety, and stress, and performed a Go/No-Go fMRI task while listening to three sets of sounds (infant cry, pink noise, and silence). RESULTS Fathers' behavioral inhibition accuracy was consistent across the sound conditions, but their patterns of neural activation varied. Compared to the pink noise condition, fathers showed heightened engagement in prefrontal regulatory regions when self-regulating during the infant cry and silent conditions. When examining correct trials only, results in visual motor area and primary somatosensory cortex emerged only for infant cry and not for pink noise and silence. Moreover, fathers reporting higher levels of postpartum depression, state anxiety, and perceived stress showed greater activation in prefrontal regions when inhibiting during infant cry or silence. CONCLUSION This study is the first to underscore the complex interplay between the neural mechanisms related to inhibitory control and postpartum mental health and stress across varied auditory context, laying the groundwork for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Waizman
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States.
| | - Ellen Herschel
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Sofia I Cárdenas
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Anthony G Vaccaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Aviv
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Pia E Sellery
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Diane Goldenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Jonas Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Darby E Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, United States
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24
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Li YT, Zhang C, Han JC, Shang YX, Chen ZH, Cui GB, Wang W. Neuroimaging features of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2024; 14:20451253241243290. [PMID: 38708374 PMCID: PMC11070126 DOI: 10.1177/20451253241243290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions are one of the key symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD), which exist not only during the onset of diseases but also before the onset, even after the remission of psychiatric symptoms. With the development of neuroimaging techniques, these non-invasive approaches provide valuable insights into the underlying pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and information of cognitive remediation interventions. This review synthesizes existing neuroimaging studies to examine domains of cognitive impairment, particularly processing speed, memory, attention, and executive function in SZ and MDD patients. First, white matter (WM) abnormalities are observed in processing speed deficits in both SZ and MDD, with distinct neuroimaging findings highlighting WM connectivity abnormalities in SZ and WM hyperintensity caused by small vessel disease in MDD. Additionally, the abnormal functions of prefrontal cortex and medial temporal lobe are found in both SZ and MDD patients during various memory tasks, while aberrant amygdala activity potentially contributes to a preference to negative memories in MDD. Furthermore, impaired large-scale networks including frontoparietal network, dorsal attention network, and ventral attention network are related to attention deficits, both in SZ and MDD patients. Finally, abnormal activity and volume of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and abnormal functional connections between the DLPFC and the cerebellum are associated with executive dysfunction in both SZ and MDD. Despite these insights, longitudinal neuroimaging studies are lacking, impeding a comprehensive understanding of cognitive changes and the development of early intervention strategies for SZ and MDD. Addressing this gap is critical for advancing our knowledge and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Han
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Shang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhu-Hong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Ruffini C, Osmani F, Bigozzi L, Pecini C. Semantic fluency in 3-6 years old preschoolers: which executive functions? Child Neuropsychol 2024; 30:563-581. [PMID: 37401450 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2230637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Semantic Fluency (SF) increases with age, along with the lexicon and the strategies to access it. Among the cognitive processes involved in controlling lexical access, Executive Functions (EF) play an essential role. Nevertheless, which EF, namely inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, are specifically tapped by SF during preschool years, when these basic EF components are developing and differentiating, is still unknown. The study had a two-fold aim: 1. to analyze in preschoolers the role of EF basic components on SF; 2. to investigate if EF mediated the effect of age on SF. A total of 296 typically developing preschoolers (M age = 57.86; SD = 9.91; month range = 33-74) were assessed with an SF task and EF tasks measuring the main EF basic components. Results showed that during preschool, response inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were significant predictors of SF, explaining 27% of its variance. Moreover, the effect of age on the SF task performance correlated with the improvement of these EF components. This study supports the importance of considering cognitive control processes in 3-6 year-old preschoolers as they underline important competencies for the child's development, such as the ability to quickly access vocabulary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ruffini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fatbardha Osmani
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lucia Bigozzi
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Pecini
- Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literature and Psychology (FORLILPSI), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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26
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Chen W, Liang J, Qiu X, Sun Y, Xie Y, Shangguan W, Zhang C, Wu W. Differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and cognitive function between untreated major depressive disorder and schizophrenia with depressive mood patients. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:313. [PMID: 38658896 PMCID: PMC11044294 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinguishing untreated major depressive disorder without medication (MDD) from schizophrenia with depressed mood (SZDM) poses a clinical challenge. This study aims to investigate differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and cognition in untreated MDD and SZDM patients. METHODS The study included 42 untreated MDD cases, 30 SZDM patients, and 46 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive assessment utilized the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans were conducted, and data were processed using fALFF in slow-4 and slow-5 bands. RESULTS Significant fALFF changes were observed in four brain regions across MDD, SZDM, and HC groups for both slow-4 and slow-5 fALFF. Compared to SZDM, the MDD group showed increased slow-5 fALFF in the right gyrus rectus (RGR). Relative to HC, SZDM exhibited decreased slow-5 fALFF in the left gyrus rectus (LGR) and increased slow-5 fALFF in the right putamen. Changes in slow-5 fALFF in both RGR and LGR were negatively correlated with RBANS scores. No significant correlations were found between remaining fALFF (slow-4 and slow-5 bands) and RBANS scores in MDD or SZDM groups. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in slow-5 fALFF in RGR may serve as potential biomarkers for distinguishing MDD from SZDM, providing preliminary insights into the neural mechanisms of cognitive function in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangna Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqiao Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbo Shangguan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Xia Y, Wang X, Sheng J, Hua L, Dai Z, Sun H, Han Y, Yao Z, Lu Q. Response inhibition related neural oscillatory patterns show reliable early identification of bipolar from unipolar depression in a Go/No-Go task. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:414-424. [PMID: 38272369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response inhibition is a key neurocognitive factor contributing to impulsivity in mood disorders. Here, we explored the common and differential alterations of neural circuits associated with response inhibition in bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder (UD) and whether the oscillatory signatures can be used as early biomarkers in BD. METHODS 39 patients with BD, 36 patients with UD, 29 patients initially diagnosed with UD who later underwent diagnostic conversion to BD, and 36 healthy controls performed a Go/No-Go task during MEG scanning. We carried out time-frequency and connectivity analysis on MEG data. Further, we performed machine learning using oscillatory features as input to identify bipolar from unipolar depression at the early clinical stage. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, patients had reduced rIFG-to-pre-SMA connectivity and delayed activity of rIFG. Among patients, lower beta power and higher peak frequency were observed in BD patients than in UD patients. These changes enabled accurate classification between BD and UD with an accuracy of approximately 80 %. CONCLUSIONS The inefficiency of the prefrontal control network is a shared mechanism in mood disorders, while the abnormal activity of rIFG is more specific to BD. Neuronal responses during response inhibition could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for BD in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Junling Sheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yinglin Han
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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28
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Qin A, Chen C, Bao B, Xin T, Xu L. Estimating the impact of different types hearing loss on cognitive decline and the joint effect of hearing loss and depression on cognitive decline among older adults in China. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:58-65. [PMID: 38286235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research lacks examination of the relationship between different subtypes of hearing loss (HL) and cognitive decline (CD). Additionally, the co-effects of HL and depression on CD remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between HL, various types of HL, and CD, as well as the combined impact of HL and depression on CD. METHODS Data from a total of 5218 older adults who participated in the most recent three waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (2011-2012, 2014, and 2018) were included. HL was assessed through self-report and objective measures. CD was defined as a decrease in MMSE score of≥3 between any two survey periods for older adults. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyzed. RESULTS Among Chinese older adults, bilateral HL (HR = 1.202, 95%CI = 1.093-1.322, P < 0.001), onset of HL after the age of 40 (HR = 1.155, 95%CI = 1.056-1.264, P = 0.002), and chronic HL (HR = 1.143, 95%CI = 1.040-1.255, P = 0.005) posed a greater risk. HL (HR = 1.146, 95%CI = 1.048-1.254, P = 0.003) and depression (HR = 1.162, 95%CI = 1.038-1.301, P = 0.009) were independently or jointly associated with CD. Participants who were simultaneously exposed to both HL and depression experienced the highest risk of CD (HR = 1.314, 95%CI = 1.117-1.545, P = 0.001). LIMITATIONS Given the observational design, unidentified confounding variables may still be present, such as whether to wear a hearing aid. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the high risk of specific types of HL for CD and the importance of implementing health interventions that address both physiological and psychological aspects to enhance cognitive function and prevent CD in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afei Qin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Binghong Bao
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tianjiao Xin
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Center for Health Economics Experiment and Public Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Ren Y, Chu J, Zhang Z, Luo B. Research on the effect of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive function in primary school students. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7956. [PMID: 38575618 PMCID: PMC10995128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive functions in primary school students. 90 right-handed students from China (Boys = 46; Girls = 44) participated in our study and were randomly separated into four groups: 20 in the control group (Con), 23 in the physical activity group (PA), 25 in the intellectual activity group (IA), 22 in the physical activity and intellectual activity group (PA + IA). The students in PA, IA and PA + IA group received aerobic exercise program lasted 40 min daily, 4 days a week for 16 weeks, regular physical activity in the PA group, intellectual activity in the IA group, physical activity couple with intellectual activity in the PA + IA group, respectively. All the students participate the experiment for body composition, physical fitness (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity, flexibility quality), executive functions and saliva analysis test before and after 16 weeks. There was no significant effect of 16 weeks different aerobic exercise interventions on body composition before and after exercise interventions among four groups in children (p > 0.05). The results were obtained by inter-group and intra-group comparisons that different exercise interventions (physical activity, intellectual activity, physical combine with intellectual activity), all can significantly improve physical fitness parameters (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity and flexibility quality), and executive functions parameters (inhibitory control, working memory, reaction time cognitive flexibility), as well as the concentration of saliva GH and IGF-I (p < 0.05) in children. Our experiment further demonstrated that the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways. Both physical and intellectual activity can effectively improve physical fitness and executive function in children, and the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- College of Art and Design, Zhengzhou University of Economics and Business, Zhengzhou, 451100, China
| | - Bingquan Luo
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Ren FF, Hillman CH, Wang WG, Li RH, Zhou WS, Liang WM, Yang Y, Chen FT, Chang YK. Effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100447. [PMID: 38371396 PMCID: PMC10869919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that impairs the cognitive function of individuals. Aerobic exercise stands out as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing cognitive function and promoting brain health.While positive impacts of aerobic exercise on executive function in adults with depression have been documented, a comprehensive understanding of its benefits on overall cognitive function, including memory, attention, and processing speed, along with key moderating factors in adults with MDD, remains unexplored. The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on overall cognitive function in adults with MDD, and to explore whether cognitive sub-domains, aerobic exercise characteristics, and study and sample variables modify the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition. Methods Six English electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science) were searched from inception to 2 April 2023. Randomized trials, including adults aged 18 years or above with a diagnosis of clinical depression, of the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in adults with MDD compared to non-aerobic exercise groups were included. A three-level meta-analysis was conducted utilizing a random-effects model in R. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022367350. Results Twelve randomized trials including 945 adults with MDD were included. Results indicated that aerobic exercise significantly improved overall cognitive function (g = 0.21; 95 % confidence intervals [CI] = 0.07, 0.34), and the sub-domains of memory (g = 0.25; 95 % CI = 0.06, 0.44) and executive function (g = 0.12; 95 % CI = 0.04, 0.20). Significant benefits in cognitive function were found from moderate-to-vigorous (mixed) intensity (g = 0.19; 95 % CI = 0.02, 0.37), aerobic exercise conducted 3 times per week (g = 0.23; 95 % CI = 0.10, 0.38), in sessions < 45 min (g = 0.59; 95 % CI = 0.28, 0.90), and 45-60 min (g = 0.16; 95 % CI = 0.07, 0.26), in aerobic exercise intervention ≤ 12 weeks (g = 0. 26; 95 % CI = 0.08, 0.44). Limitations This review only included peer-reviewed English-language studies, which may lead to a language bias. The results of the Egger's test suggested a potential publication bias. Conclusions Aerobic exercise is efficacious in improving overall cognitive function and the sub-domains of memory and executive function in adults with major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruei-Hong Li
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Ming Liang
- Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Yong Yang
- Laboratory of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation, School of Physical Education and Sport, Chaohu University, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Tzu Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Social Emotional Education and Development Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang H, Liu L, Zhou X, Guan Y, Li Y, Chen P, Duan R, Yang W, Rong X, Wu C, Yang J, Yang M, Jia Y, Hu J, Zhu X, Peng Y. Efficacy and safety of short-term edaravone or nerve growth factor add-on therapy for alcohol-related brain damage: A multi-centre randomised control trial. Addiction 2024; 119:717-729. [PMID: 38049955 DOI: 10.1111/add.16398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To measure the therapeutic effect of an anti-oxidant, edaravone (EDV), or neurotrophic treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) as an add-on treatment for alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD). DESIGN Multi-centre, randomised, single-blinded, comparative clinical trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred and twenty-two inpatients recruited from seven hospitals in different regions of China, all diagnosed with ARBD and aged 18 to 65 years old; among them, only two were female. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments for 2 weeks: 40 patients, treatment as usual (TAU: a combination of intramuscular injections of thiamine, intravenous infusions of other B vitamins with vitamin C and oral medication with vitamin E per day); 40, EDV add-on treatment to TAU (intravenous infusion with 30 mg of EDV twice per day); and 42, NGF add-on treatment to TAU (intramuscular injection of 20 μg of NGF per day). The patients underwent follow-up for 24 weeks. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was the composite score of executive cognitive function in the 2nd week after treatment, which was measured as the mean of the Z scores of the assessments, including the digit symbol substitute test (DSST), digit span memory test-forward (DST-F), digit span memory test-reverse (DST-R) and space span memory test (SSMT). The secondary outcomes were the composite scores at later follow-ups, the score for each component of cognitive function, global cognitive function measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), craving for alcohol and the safety of the therapies. FINDINGS EDV add-on treatment improved the composite score of executive cognitive function better than TAU in the 2nd week (adjusted mean difference: 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.41; P = 0.008), but NGF add-on treatment did not (adjusted mean difference: 0.07, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to 0.24; P = 0.502). During the follow-up to 24 weeks, EDV add-on treatment improved the composite score of executive cognitive function and DST-R score better than TAU (both P < 0.01). Craving for alcohol was relieved in all three groups. No severe adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION The short-term addition of edaravone to supplementary therapy treatment for alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) improved executive cognitive function in patients with ARBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Mental Health Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yanzhong Guan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weibian Yang
- Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengji Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jianzhong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Addiction Medicine Department, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjie Jia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Mental Health Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Marten LE, Singh A, Muellen AM, Noack SM, Kozyrev V, Schweizer R, Goya-Maldonado R. Motor performance and functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex and supplementary motor cortex in bipolar and unipolar depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:655-671. [PMID: 37638997 PMCID: PMC10995093 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Although implicated in unsuccessful treatment, psychomotor deficits and their neurobiological underpinnings in bipolar (BD) and unipolar (UD) depression remain poorly investigated. Here, we hypothesized that motor performance deficits in depressed patients would relate to basal functional coupling of the hand primary motor cortex (M1) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) with the supplementary motor area (SMA). We performed a longitudinal, naturalistic study in BD, UD and matched healthy controls comprising of two resting-state functional MRI measurements five weeks apart and accompanying assessments of motor performance using a finger tapping task (FTT). A subject-specific seed-based analysis describing functional connectivity between PCC-SMA as well as M1-SMA was conducted. The basal relationships with motor performance were investigated using linear regression models and all measures were compared across groups. Performance in FTT was impaired in BD in comparison to HC in both sessions. Behavioral performance across groups correlated significantly with resting state functional coupling of PCC-SMA, but not of M1-SMA regions. This relationship was partially reflected in a reduced PCC-SMA connectivity in BD vs HC in the second session. Exploratory evaluation of large-scale networks coupling (SMN-DMN) exhibited no correlation to motor performance. Our results shed new light on the association between the degree of disruption in the SMA-PCC anticorrelation and the level of motor impairment in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Marten
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aditya Singh
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna M Muellen
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sören M Noack
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vladislav Kozyrev
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Mittlere Straße 91, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renate Schweizer
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roberto Goya-Maldonado
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Von-Siebold-Straße 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Keha E, Naftalovich H, Shahaf A, Kalanthroff E. Control your emotions: evidence for a shared mechanism of cognitive and emotional control. Cogn Emot 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38465905 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2326902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation examined the bidirectional effects of cognitive control and emotional control and the overlap between these two systems in regulating emotions. Based on recent neural and cognitive findings, we hypothesised that two control systems largely overlap as control recruited for one system (either emotional or cognitive) can be used by the other system. In two experiments, participants completed novel versions of either the Stroop task (Experiment 1) or the Flanker task (Experiment 2) in which the emotional and cognitive control systems were actively manipulated into either a high or low emotional-load condition (achieved by varying the proportions of negative-valence emotional cues) and a high and a low cognitive control condition (achieved through varying the proportion of conflict-laden trials). In both experiments, participants' performance was impaired when both emotional and cognitive control were low, but significantly and similarly improved when one of the two control mechanisms were activated - the emotional or the cognitive. In Experiment 2, performance was further improved when both systems were activated. Our results give further support for a more integrative notion of control in which the two systems (emotional and cognitive control) not only influence each other, but rather extensively overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldad Keha
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
| | - Hadar Naftalovich
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Shahaf
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Kalanthroff
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Little B, Anwyll M, Norsworthy L, Corbett L, Schultz-Froggatt M, Gallagher P. Processing speed and sustained attention in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Bipolar Disord 2024; 26:109-128. [PMID: 37973384 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment is a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Deficits in processing speed (PS) and sustained attention (SA) may be particularly impaired and may underpin a broader profile of deficits, however current knowledge of the nature of these impairments is limited by heterogeneous results in the literature. Few reviews to date have attempted to disentangle sources of heterogeneity to assess the presence and magnitude of impairments in PS and SA in BD and MDD. METHODS One hundred and three studies were reviewed to examine performance in tests of PS and SA in BD (n = 3452) and MDD (n = 5461) compared to healthy controls (n = 8016). Neuropsychological methodology used in the literature was summarised. Data were meta-analysed to assess impairments in PS and SA for each neuropsychological test separately. Subgroup analysis was performed across mood states to investigate sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS Impairments were found across most neuropsychological tests, with small to large effect sizes for BD (range: d = 0.19-0.96) and MDD (range: d = 0.29-0.86). Impairments were present in symptomatic states and euthymia in most cases. Some outcome measures were not impaired in euthymia. Heterogeneity was observed for most neuropsychological tests and remained after separating by mood state. There inadequate data to meta-analyse some outcome measures, particularly for symptomatic groups. CONCLUSION Impairments in PS and SA in BD and MDD can be observed across most neuropsychological tests. Future research should further investigate the nature of these impairments across mood states, controlling for clinical confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Little
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- CNNP Lab, Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Megan Anwyll
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Norsworthy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luke Corbett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mia Schultz-Froggatt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Adamis AM, Olatunji BO. Specific emotion regulation difficulties and executive function explain the link between worry and subsequent stress: A prospective moderated mediation study. J Affect Disord 2024; 348:88-96. [PMID: 38135221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worry is a transdiagnostic risk factor for stress-related mental health complaints such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Although worry may function as a form of avoidance of unwanted emotions and accordingly interfere with adaptive emotion regulation, the specific domains of emotion regulation that are perturbed by excessive worry to confer risk for stress-related symptoms are unclear. Further, it is unknown if cognitive control mechanisms that underlie successful emotion regulation influence the effect of worry on stress. The present study addressed these gaps in the literature by examining specific emotion regulation difficulties as mediators of the relationship between worry and subsequent stress, as well as executive function as a moderator of the mediated effects. METHOD 656 community adults were assessed for trait worry, emotion dysregulation, stress, and executive dysfunction once per month for three months (time 1 - time 3). RESULTS The effect of worry (time 1) on subsequent stress (time 3) was partially mediated by difficulties with emotional clarity and difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior when upset (time 2) after controlling for age, gender, and baseline stress. Moderated mediation models revealed that the indirect effect of worry on stress via difficulty with goal-directed behavior was significantly moderated by executive dysfunction, such that fewer executive function difficulties acted as a buffer against the harmful effects of worry. LIMITATIONS Limitations include reliance on self-report measures, lack of experimental manipulation, and a nonclinical sample. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to specific domains of emotion regulation as treatment targets for individuals with high worry proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Adamis
- Vanderbilt University, 111 21(st) Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Bunmi O Olatunji
- Vanderbilt University, 111 21(st) Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Minihan S, Kumle L, Maston K, Bal D, Werner‐Seidler A, Christensen H, Schweizer S. The relationship between cognitive and affective control and adolescent mental health. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12204. [PMID: 38486950 PMCID: PMC10933673 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive control problems have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of mental health problems, including depression, in adults. Studies in adolescents have been more equivocal, with some showing changes in cognitive control in adolescents with mental health problems, whereas others fail to show an association. This study examines whether adolescent mental health is associated with affective control, the application of cognitive control in affective contexts, which shows more protracted development than cognitive control. Methods The present study investigated the association of cognitive and affective control with depressive symptomatology and self-reported diagnostic history of mental health problems in adolescents. The study included 1929 participants (M age = 13.89) from the Future Proofing Study (N = 6,388, 11-16 years), who completed affective (incl., affective stimuli) and/or cognitive (incl., neutral stimuli) versions of a working memory (backward digit-span) and/or shifting (card-sorting) task at least once within 3 weeks of assessing mental health. Results Poorer working memory was associated with greater depressive symptomatology in adolescents (β = -0.06, p = .004), similarly across cognitive and affective control conditions (β = -0.02, p = .269). Adolescents with self-reported diagnostic history of mental health problems had significantly poorer shifting ability in affective compared to cognitive control conditions (b = 0.05, p = .010), whereas for adolescents with no self-reported diagnoses, shifting ability did not differ between conditions (b = -0.00, p = .649). Conclusions The present analyses suggest that working memory difficulties, in particular, may be associated with the experience of current depressed mood in adolescents. Problems with affective shifting may be implicated in a range of mental health problems in adolescents. Given the ubiquitous need for efficient cognitive functioning in daily life, enhancing cognitive and affective control in adolescents may be a promising means of improving functioning across a range of domains, including affective functioning, and by extension, adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Minihan
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Levi Kumle
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kate Maston
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Debopriyo Bal
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Aliza Werner‐Seidler
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Helen Christensen
- Black Dog InstituteUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Susanne Schweizer
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Zhu X, Ding R, Chen X, Wang X, He P, Wang G. Discrepancy between objective and subjective cognition and its association with the trajectory of symptoms and functioning in depressive patients. Psychol Med 2024; 54:808-822. [PMID: 37921011 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrepancy between objective and subjective cognitive deficit is common among patients with major depressive disorders (MDDs) and may play a key role in the mechanism linking cognition with recovery of symptom and psychosocial function. This study, therefore, explores the cognitive discrepancy, and its association with the trajectory of symptoms and functioning over a 6-month period. METHODS We used data from the Prospective Research Observation to Assess Cognition in Treated patients with MDD (PROACT) study, from which 598 patients were included. Cognitive discrepancy scores were computed using a novel methodology, with positive values indicating more subjective than objective deficit (i.e. 'underestimation') and negative values indicating more objective than subjective difficulties (i.e. 'overestimation'). Linear growth curve models were employed to examine the association of the cognitive discrepancy with the trajectory of depressive symptoms, psychosocial function, and quality of life. RESULTS About 68% of patients displayed disproportionately more objective than subjective cognitive deficit at baseline, and the mean cognitive discrepancy score was -1.4 (2.7). Overestimation was associated with a faster decrease of HDRS-17 (β = -0.46, p = 0.002) and a faster decrease of psychosocial function in social life (β = -0.13, p = 0.013) and family life (β = -0.12, p = 0.026), and a greater improvement of EQ-5D utility score (β = 0.01, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We found a lower sensitivity of cognitive deficit at baseline and its decrease was associated with better health outcomes. Our findings have clinical implications of the necessity to assess both subjective and objective cognition for identification and categorization and to incorporate cognitive and psychological therapies for optimized treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoxi Ding
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Zhejiang BrainAu Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ping He
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lai H, Treisman G, Celentano DD, Gerstenblith G, Mandler RN, Khalsa J, Charurat M, Lai S, Pearson G. Elevated homocysteine levels may moderate and mediate the association between HIV and cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older adults in an underserved population in Baltimore, Maryland. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:296-307. [PMID: 38065684 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231218762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background: In the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain a considerable challenge for people with HIV, yet not all such disorders can be attributed to HIV alone. This study aimed to: (1) identify factors influencing neurocognitive impairment (NCI) utilizing the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) as per the revised research criteria for HAND; (2) ascertain the moderating role of high homocysteine levels in the association between NCI and HIV; and (3) assess the mediating effect of elevated homocysteine levels on this association.Methods: We analyzed data from 788 adults (≥45 years) participating in a study on HIV-related comorbidities in underserved Baltimore communities, using NIHTB-CB to gauge neurocognitive performance. Special attention was given to results from the Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test within the executive function domain during causal mediation analysis.Results: Overall, HIV was not associated with NCI presence. However, HIV was associated with NCI among individuals with homocysteine >14 μmol/L. Furthermore, HIV was both directly and indirectly associated with NCI in DCCS test scores. Notably, the mediating role of elevated homocysteine in DCCS scores was only observable among individuals who had never used cocaine or had used it for ≤ 10 years, suggesting that extended cocaine use may have a substantial influence on cognitive performance.Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest elevated homocysteine levels may moderate and mediate the association between HIV and neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lai
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Glenn Treisman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David D Celentano
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary Gerstenblith
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raul N Mandler
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jag Khalsa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Diseases, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Man Charurat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kirkham R, Kooijman L, Albertella L, Myles D, Yücel M, Rotaru K. Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Methods for Assessing Executive Functioning: Systematic Review. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e50282. [PMID: 38407958 DOI: 10.2196/50282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological assessments traditionally include tests of executive functioning (EF) because of its critical role in daily activities and link to mental disorders. Established traditional EF assessments, although robust, lack ecological validity and are limited to single cognitive processes. These methods, which are suitable for clinical populations, are less informative regarding EF in healthy individuals. With these limitations in mind, immersive virtual reality (VR)-based assessments of EF have garnered interest because of their potential to increase test sensitivity, ecological validity, and neuropsychological assessment accessibility. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to explore the literature on immersive VR assessments of EF focusing on (1) EF components being assessed, (2) how these assessments are validated, and (3) strategies for monitoring potential adverse (cybersickness) and beneficial (immersion) effects. METHODS EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched in July 2022 using keywords that reflected the main themes of VR, neuropsychological tests, and EF. Articles had to be peer-reviewed manuscripts written in English and published after 2013 that detailed empirical, clinical, or proof-of-concept studies in which a virtual environment using a head-mounted display was used to assess EF in an adult population. A tabular synthesis method was used in which validation details from each study, including comparative assessments and scores, were systematically organized in a table. The results were summed and qualitatively analyzed to provide a comprehensive overview of the findings. RESULTS The search retrieved 555 unique articles, of which 19 (3.4%) met the inclusion criteria. The reviewed studies encompassed EF and associated higher-order cognitive functions such as inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory, planning, and attention. VR assessments commonly underwent validation against gold-standard traditional tasks. However, discrepancies were observed, with some studies lacking reported a priori planned correlations, omitting detailed descriptions of the EF constructs evaluated using the VR paradigms, and frequently reporting incomplete results. Notably, only 4 of the 19 (21%) studies evaluated cybersickness, and 5 of the 19 (26%) studies included user experience assessments. CONCLUSIONS Although it acknowledges the potential of VR paradigms for assessing EF, the evidence has limitations. The methodological and psychometric properties of the included studies were inconsistently addressed, raising concerns about their validity and reliability. Infrequent monitoring of adverse effects such as cybersickness and considerable variability in sample sizes may limit interpretation and hinder psychometric evaluation. Several recommendations are proposed to improve the theory and practice of immersive VR assessments of EF. Future studies should explore the integration of biosensors with VR systems and the capabilities of VR in the context of spatial navigation assessments. Despite considerable promise, the systematic and validated implementation of VR assessments is essential for ensuring their practical utility in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kirkham
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lars Kooijman
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dan Myles
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caufield, Australia
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Cook ML, Tomaszewski B, Lamarche E, Bowman K, Klein CB, Stahl S, Klinger LG. Suicide risk in transition-aged autistic youth: The link among executive function, depression, and autistic traits. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241227983. [PMID: 38340034 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241227983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic people are more likely to consider suicide than non-autistic people, with transition-aged youth (ages 16-21 years) at potentially the highest risk. Research has also shown that difficulties with executive functioning (e.g., difficulties with organization, sequencing, and decision-making) may heighten suicide risk among non-autistic people, but it is not clear whether this is also true for autistic people. This study explored this question by asking 183 transition-aged autistic youth about their experience with suicidal behavior and examining the relationship between their responses and additional measures of depression, autistic traits, and executive function skills. About one-third of autistic transition-aged youth (33.3%) said that they had experienced thoughts of hurting themselves with the intent to end their lives (i.e., suicidal ideation). Both depression and executive function challenges predicted suicide risk (i.e., participants who experienced depression were more likely to have had suicidal thoughts than those who had not, and participants who had more difficulty with executive function skills were more likely to have had suicidal thoughts than those who had less difficulty). These findings suggest that executive functioning, a common area of difficulty among autistic people, is an important indicator of suicide risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal L Cook
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Stahl
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Yi M, Zhang W, Zhao B, Wang Z. The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in People with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Gerontol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38324289 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2024.2314192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on psychological symptoms, motor symptoms, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Published studies in Chinese and English languages, conducted from inception to March 2023, were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and two Chinese electronic databases. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. RESULTS Twelve studies were selected for quantitative syntheses. The impact of MBIs on reducing depression and anxiety, and improving mindfulness and quality of life in PD patients was statistically significant compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant effect on motor symptoms was observed. Subgroup analysis indicated that participants from Asia, those who received face-to-face sessions, and those whose sessions lasted 1.5 hours showed a more positive effect than other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PD may benefit from MBIs to improve psychological symptoms and quality of life. MBIs represent a pivotal non-pharmacological therapeutic approach in clinical practice. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS MBIs confer positive improvements in psychological well-being and quality of life in PD patients. However, it remains challenging to conclusively determine their efficacy in addressing motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yi
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ahern E, White J, Slattery E. Change in Cognitive Function over the Course of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s11065-023-09629-9. [PMID: 38315296 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-023-09629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with significant cognitive deficits during the acute and remitted stages. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the course of cognitive function whilst considering demographic, treatment, or clinical features of MDD that could moderate the extent of cognitive change. Databases were searched to identify studies that reported on cognitive function in MDD with a ≥12-week test-retest interval. Relevant studies were pooled using random effects modelling to generate an inverse-variance, weighted, mean effect size estimate (Hedges' g) of cognitive change for each cognitive variable and for an overall composite cognitive domain. Of 6898 records, 99 eligible studies were identified from which 69 were meta-analysed, consisting of 4639 MDD patients (agemean = 40.25 years, female% = 64.62%) across 44 cognitive variables. In over 95% of cognitive variables, improvements were either of non-significant, negligible, or of a small magnitude, and when compared to matched healthy controls, the possibility of practice effects could not be precluded. Depressive symptom improvement and the number of previous depressive episodes moderated the extent of cognitive change, demonstrating state- and scar-like features for one-quarter of the cognitive domains. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the MDD cognitive trajectory from initial onset. Findings nonetheless suggest that following pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, cognitive change in MDD is typically small, but the capacity for change may be less with episode recurrence. Targeting cognition early in the course of illness may facilitate better prognosis and support a more complete functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Ahern
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Jessica White
- School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eadaoin Slattery
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon Midwest, Limerick, Ireland
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Hudson CC, Traynor J, Björgvinsson T, Beard C, Forgeard M, Hsu KJ. Performance-based attentional control, but not self-reported attentional control, predicts changes in depressive symptoms in short-term psychotherapy. Behav Res Ther 2024; 173:104476. [PMID: 38199180 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although impairments in attentional control are pervasive across psychopathology, there is substantial individual differences. In the current study, we examined whether individual differences in self-reported and performance-based measures of attentional control predict changes in depressive symptoms and well-being in a diagnostically diverse sample of patients attending a CBT-based partial hospital program. METHOD Participants were 89 patients (56.2% men, 75.3% non-Hispanic White). At baseline, patients completed the self-reported Attentional Control Scale and the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation task (RSVP), a behavioral measure of attentional control. Depressive symptoms were assessed daily using the Patient Health Questionnaire and well-being was assessed using the Mental Health Continuum Short Form. RESULTS On average, greater self-reported attentional control was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, β = -0.49, t(52) = 4.84, p < .001, 95% CIs [-0.69, -0.29], and greater well-being, β = 0.45, t(53) = 3.90, p < .001, 95% CIs [0.22, 0.67]. More accurate task-based performance was associated with a decline in depressive symptoms over time, β = -0.02, t(32) = 2.50, p = .02, 95% CIs [-0.04, -0.01]. Neither self-reported nor performance-based measures of attentional control predicted changes in well-being. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest that depressive symptoms also improved over time for individuals who underestimated self-reported attentional control abilities relative to task-based performance, β = -0.19, t(32) = 2.23, p = .03, 95% CIs [-0.36, -0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that performance-based attentional control may be an important target for assessment and intervention, as well as a potential mechanism underlying risk and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Hudson
- McLean Hospital, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Kean J Hsu
- Georgetown University, USA; National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Taylor SF, Gu P, Simmonite M, Lasagna C, Tso IF, Lee TG, Vesia M, Hernandez-Garcia L. Lateral Prefrontal Stimulation of Active Cortex With Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects Subsequent Engagement of the Frontoparietal Network. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:235-244. [PMID: 37918508 PMCID: PMC10922157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical unanswered question about therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation is what patients should do during treatment to optimize its effectiveness. Here, we address this lack of knowledge in healthy participants, testing the hypotheses that stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) while participants perform a working memory task will provide stronger effects on subsequent activation, perfusion, connectivity, and performance than stimulating resting dlPFC. METHODS After a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging session to localize dlPFC activation and the associated frontoparietal network (FPN) engaged by an n-back task, healthy participants (N = 40, 67.5% female) underwent 3 counterbalanced sessions, separated by several weeks, during which they received intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) followed by magnetic resonance imaging scans as follows: 1) iTBS to the dlPFC while resting passively (passive), 2) iTBS to the dlPFC while performing the n-back task (active), and 3) iTBS to a vertex site, while not engaged in the n-back task and resting passively (control). RESULTS We found no difference in n-back performance between the 3 conditions. However, FPN activation was reduced while performing the n-back task in the active condition relative to the passive and control conditions. There was no differential activity in the FPN on comparing passive with control conditions, i.e., there was no effect of the site of stimulation. We found no effects of state or site of stimulation on perfusion or connectivity with the dlPFC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the state of the brain while receiving iTBS affected FPN activation, possibly reflecting greater efficiency of FPN network activation when participants were stimulated while engaging the FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Molly Simmonite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carly Lasagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Taraz G Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Peters M, Schulz H. Originalbeiträge (Originals). Zur klinischen Bedeutung reduzierter Exekutivfunktionen bei älteren Patient:innen mit psychischen Erkrankungen©. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2024; 70:48-62. [PMID: 38229549 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2024.70.oa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
On the clinical significance of reduced executive functions in elderly patients with mental illnesses Research question: Executive functions (EF) show increasing deficits in old age.There are also numerous studies demonstrating the importance of EF in relation to depression, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder in older patients. METHODS The study presented examined this question in a sample of patients in a psychosomatic clinic who were in middle (< 60years) and older age (≥ 60years) (N = 150) and compared them with a psychologically non-stressed comparison sample (N = 157).The survey instrument used to assess EF was the Trail-Making Test (TMT). RESULTS The results show age and setting differences, i. e. older as well as mentally ill subjects showed worse results; an interaction effect was also found. Associations of symptoms and EF were found only in the elderly sample, but not in the middle-aged sample. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the importance of impaired executive functions is a clinically relevant variable in psychotherapy of the elderly.
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Piffer D, Kirkegaard EOW. Evolutionary Trends of Polygenic Scores in European Populations From the Paleolithic to Modern Times. Twin Res Hum Genet 2024; 27:30-49. [PMID: 38444325 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2024.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the temporal and geographical evolution of polygenic scores (PGSs) across cognitive measures (Educational Attainment [EA], Intelligence Quotient [IQ]), Socioeconomic Status (SES), and psychiatric conditions (Autism Spectrum Disorder [ASD], schizophrenia [SCZ]) in various populations. Our findings indicate positive directional selection for EA, IQ, and SES traits over the past 12,000 years. Schizophrenia and autism, while similar, showed different temporal patterns, aligning with theories suggesting they are psychological opposites. We observed a decline in PGS for neuroticism and depression, likely due to their genetic correlations and pleiotropic effects on intelligence. Significant PGS shifts from the Upper Paleolithic to the Neolithic periods suggest lifestyle and cognitive demand changes, particularly during the Neolithic Revolution. The study supports a mild hypothesis of Gregory Clark's model, showing a noticeable rise in genetic propensities for intelligence, academic achievement and professional status across Europe from the Middle Ages to the present. While latitude strongly influenced height, its impact on schizophrenia and autism was smaller and varied. Contrary to the cold winters theory, the study found no significant correlation between latitude and intelligence.
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Borelli JL, Hong K, Kazmierski KFM, Smiley PA, Sohn L, Guo Y. Parents' depressive symptoms and reflective functioning predict parents' proficiency in relational savoring and children's physiological regulation. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:121-134. [PMID: 36239047 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200102x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined parental depression and parental reflective functioning (PRF) as predictors of parental proficiency in relational savoring (RS), the association between RS proficiency and a marker of children's physiological self-regulation, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), during a stressor, and indirect effects of parental depression and PRF on children's RSA via parents' RS. At Time 1 (T1), parents of 8- to 12-year-old children (N = 139) reported on their depressive symptoms and completed a parenting interview, coded for PRF. After 1.5 years (Time 2; T2), parents savored a positive relational memory that involved their children, which was coded for savoring proficiency. Children's RSA was measured during a stressful task (a series of impossible puzzles). Depressive symptoms (inversely) and PRF (positively) were associated with RS proficiency. Higher parental RS proficiency was associated with children's higher mean levels of RSA during the stressor. Indirect effects models supported that T2 RS proficiency mediated the negative association between parental T1 depressive symptoms and children's T2 RSA, and between T1 PRF and children's T2 RSA. We discuss these findings in terms of implications for parents' emotion regulation, children's emotion regulation, children's mental health, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Borelli
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Pomona College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Sohn
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuqing Guo
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Wenzel J, Badde L, Haas SS, Bonivento C, Van Rheenen TE, Antonucci LA, Ruef A, Penzel N, Rosen M, Lichtenstein T, Lalousis PA, Paolini M, Stainton A, Dannlowski U, Romer G, Brambilla P, Wood SJ, Upthegrove R, Borgwardt S, Meisenzahl E, Salokangas RKR, Pantelis C, Lencer R, Bertolino A, Kambeitz J, Koutsouleris N, Dwyer DB, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L. Transdiagnostic subgroups of cognitive impairment in early affective and psychotic illness. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:573-583. [PMID: 37737273 PMCID: PMC10789737 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Cognitively impaired and spared patient subgroups were identified in psychosis and depression, and in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Studies suggest differences in underlying brain structural and functional characteristics. It is unclear whether cognitive subgroups are transdiagnostic phenomena in early stages of psychotic and affective disorder which can be validated on the neural level. Patients with recent-onset psychosis (ROP; N = 140; female = 54), recent-onset depression (ROD; N = 130; female = 73), CHR (N = 128; female = 61) and healthy controls (HC; N = 270; female = 165) were recruited through the multi-site study PRONIA. The transdiagnostic sample and individual study groups were clustered into subgroups based on their performance in eight cognitive domains and characterized by gray matter volume (sMRI) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using support vector machine (SVM) classification. We identified an impaired subgroup (NROP = 79, NROD = 30, NCHR = 37) showing cognitive impairment in executive functioning, working memory, processing speed and verbal learning (all p < 0.001). A spared subgroup (NROP = 61, NROD = 100, NCHR = 91) performed comparable to HC. Single-disease subgroups indicated that cognitive impairment is stronger pronounced in impaired ROP compared to impaired ROD and CHR. Subgroups in ROP and ROD showed specific symptom- and functioning-patterns. rsFC showed superior accuracy compared to sMRI in differentiating transdiagnostic subgroups from HC (BACimpaired = 58.5%; BACspared = 61.7%, both: p < 0.01). Cognitive findings were validated in the PRONIA replication sample (N = 409). Individual cognitive subgroups in ROP, ROD and CHR are more informative than transdiagnostic subgroups as they map onto individual cognitive impairment and specific functioning- and symptom-patterns which show limited overlap in sMRI and rsFC. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS). Clinical trial registry URL: https://www.drks.de/drks_web/ . Clinical trial registry number: DRKS00005042.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Luzie Badde
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shalaila S Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience - University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anne Ruef
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience - University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marco Paolini
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stainton
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Romer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neuosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Mental Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry Unit (TPU), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Unit (TPU), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience - University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic B Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Orygen, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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49
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Pujari V. Martial Arts as a Tool for Enhancing Attention and Executive Function: Implications for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S20-S25. [PMID: 38595455 PMCID: PMC11001089 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_612_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
With a focus on its implications for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), this review study seeks to investigate the possible advantages of martial arts training on attention and executive function. Common cognitive impairments seen in a variety of psychiatric diseases, such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, include difficulties in attention and executive function. Training in martial arts, which is known for its demanding physical and mental requirements, has drawn interest as a potential intervention for improving cognitive function. An overview of the most recent research on how martial arts training affects focus and executive function is given in this publication. The results demonstrate the potential of martial arts as a strategy for enhancing executive function and attention-related cognitive functions. The article also explores the implications of adding martial arts instruction to CBT therapies, arguing that doing so might be a beneficial supplementary strategy to improve treatment outcomes. With information on the possible advantages of martial arts training for attention and executive function, this review paper adds to the expanding corpus of research on non-pharmacological therapies for cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswar Pujari
- Chief Mentor, Body Brain Behaviour Foundation, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
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50
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Ariza M, Béjar J, Barrué C, Cano N, Segura B, Cortés CU, Junqué C, Garolera M. Cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in employment status predict mental processing speed and executive function after COVID-19. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01748-x. [PMID: 38285245 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The risk factors for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment have been poorly described. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics that characterize a group of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) participants with neuropsychological impairment. The study sample included 426 participants with PCC who underwent a neurobehavioral evaluation. We selected seven mental speed processing and executive function variables to obtain a data-driven partition. Clustering algorithms were applied, including K-means, bisecting K-means, and Gaussian mixture models. Different machine learning algorithms were then used to obtain a classifier able to separate the two clusters according to the demographic, clinical, emotional, and lifestyle variables, including logistic regression with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) (L1) and Ridge (L2) regularization, support vector machines (linear/quadratic/radial basis function kernels), and decision tree ensembles (random forest/gradient boosting trees). All clustering quality measures were in agreement in detecting only two clusters in the data based solely on cognitive performance. A model with four variables (cognitive reserve, depressive symptoms, obesity, and change in work situation) obtained with logistic regression with LASSO regularization was able to classify between good and poor cognitive performers with an accuracy and a weighted averaged precision of 72%, a recall of 73%, and an area under the curve of 0.72. PCC individuals with a lower cognitive reserve, more depressive symptoms, obesity, and a change in employment status were at greater risk for poor performance on tasks requiring mental processing speed and executive function. Study registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT05307575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Ariza
- Grup de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i Conducta, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Béjar
- Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristian Barrué
- Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Cano
- Grup de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i Conducta, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Segura
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Ulises Cortés
- Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maite Garolera
- Grup de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i Conducta, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain.
- Neuropsychology Unit, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Terrassa, Spain.
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