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Brockdorf AN, Gratz KL, Messman TL, DiLillo D. Trauma Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm Among Sexual Violence Survivors: Examining State Emotion Regulation and Reactivity as Dual Mechanisms. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2023; 13:23-33. [PMID: 37284068 PMCID: PMC10241447 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms have been associated with elevated rates of deliberate self-harm, including among women who have experienced sexual violence (SV); however, processes underlying this association have not been widely examined. Because a common function of deliberate self-harm is to reduce negative internal states, SV survivors may use self-harm to cope with impairments in broader affective processes associated with PTSD symptoms. To test this hypothesis, the present study examined the role of two aspects of emotional responding (i.e., state emotional reactivity and emotion dysregulation) as mechanisms between greater PTSD symptoms and risk for future deliberate self-harm among SV survivors. Method Participants were 140 community women with a history of SV who completed two waves of data collection. At baseline, participants reported on their PTSD symptoms, as well as state emotional reactivity and state emotion dysregulation following a standardized laboratory stressor task (i.e., the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task [PASAT-C]). Participants then completed a self-report measure of deliberate self-harm 4 months later. Results Results from a parallel mediation analysis indicated that greater state emotion dysregulation, but not state emotional reactivity, mediated prospective associations between more severe PTSD symptoms at baseline and greater risk for deliberate self-harm 4-months later. Conclusions Applied to the context of survivors' daily lives, these findings underscore the importance of deficits in emotion regulation during times of distress in predicting risk for later deliberate self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David DiLillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
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2
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The direct effect of drinking to cope on alcohol problems is not mediated by alcohol consumption: Invariance across gender and countries. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 16:100469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Weiss NH, Kiefer R, Goncharenko S, Raudales AM, Forkus SR, Schick MR, Contractor AA. Emotion regulation and substance use: A meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109131. [PMID: 34864568 PMCID: PMC8714680 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There has been exponential growth in research on emotion regulation and substance use in the past decade. The current meta-analysis evaluated variability in the magnitude of the relation between aspects of emotion regulation and substance use. A search of PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and PILOTS in December 2020 resulted in 6642 initial studies, of which 95 met inclusion criteria (association between emotion regulation and substance use was reported, participants were > 18 years old, article was in English). A total of 445 effects were obtained (N = 156,025 participants; weighted Mage = 29.31; 59.5% female; 66.1% White; 76.6% non-clinical). Emotion regulation and substance use were significantly related (r = 0.19; p < 0.001; 95%CI [0.17, 0.20]). Emotion regulation abilities were generally more strongly related to substance use than emotion regulation strategies; this pattern was stronger for behavioral vs. cognitive abilities and extended to both negative and positive emotions. Relations were stronger for older and clinical samples; mixed effects were found for sex and no conclusive effects were found for race. Despite limitations of the existing literature (e.g., cross-sectional, self-reports), results indicated that the magnitude of the relation between emotion regulation and substance use varied considerably as a function of emotion regulation and substance use constructs and sample characteristics.
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Rawls E, Wolkowicz NR, Ham LS, Lamm C. Negative urgency as a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use: Dual influences of cognitive control and reinforcement processing. Neuropsychologia 2021; 161:108009. [PMID: 34454939 PMCID: PMC8488007 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Negative Urgency (NU) is a prominent risk factor for hazardous alcohol use. While research has helped elucidate how NU relates to neurobiological functioning with respect to alcohol use, no known work has contextualized such functioning within existing neurobiological theories in addiction. Therefore, we elucidated mechanisms contributing to the NU-hazardous alcohol use relationship by combining NU theories with neurobiological dual models of addiction, which posit addiction is related to cognitive control and reinforcement processing. Fifty-five undergraduates self-reported NU and hazardous alcohol use. We recorded EEG while participants performed a reinforced flanker task. We measured cognitive control using N2 activation time-locked to the incongruent flanker stimulus, and we measured reinforcement processing using the feedback-related negativity (FRN) time-locked to better-than-expected negative reinforcement feedback. We modeled hazardous drinking using hierarchical regression, with NU, N2, and FRN plus their interactions as predictors. The regression model significantly predicted hazardous alcohol use, and the three-way interaction (NU × N2 × FRN) significantly improved model fit. In the context of inefficient processing (i.e., larger N2s and FRNs), NU demonstrated a strong relationship with hazardous alcohol use. In the context of efficient processing (i.e., smaller N2s and FRNs), NU was unrelated to hazardous alcohol use. Control analyses ruled out the potential impact of other impulsivity subscales, individual differences in dimensional negative affect or anxiety, and use of substances other than alcohol, and post hoc specificity analyses showed that this effect was driven primarily by heavy drinking, rather than frequency of drinking. This analysis provides preliminary evidence that brain mechanisms of cognitive control and reinforcement processing influence the relationship between NU and hazardous alcohol use, and confirms a specific influence of negative reinforcement processing. Future clinical research could leverage these neurobiological moderators for substance misuse treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rawls
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | | | - Lindsay S Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, USA
| | - Connie Lamm
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, USA
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Gonçalves SF, Chaplin TM, López R, Regalario IM, Niehaus CE, McKnight PE, Stults-Kolehmainen M, Sinha R, Ansell EB. High-Frequency Heart Rate Variability and Emotion-Driven Impulse Control Difficulties During Adolescence: Examining Experienced and Expressed Negative Emotion as Moderators. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2021; 41:1151-1176. [PMID: 35197657 PMCID: PMC8863321 DOI: 10.1177/0272431620983453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emotion-driven impulse control difficulties are associated with negative psychological outcomes. Extant research suggests that high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) may be indicative of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and potentially moderated by negative emotion. In the current study, 248 eleven- to 14-year-olds and their parent engaged in a negatively emotionally arousing conflict task at Time 1. Adolescents' HF-HRV and negative emotional expression and experience were assessed before, during, and/or after the task. Adolescents reported on their levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties at Time 1 and one year later. Results revealed that higher levels of HF-HRV reactivity (i.e., higher HF-HRV augmentation) predicted higher levels of emotion-driven impulse control difficulties one year later among adolescents who experienced higher negative emotion. These findings suggest that negative emotional context should be considered when examining HF-HRV reactivity as a risk factor for emotion-driven impulse control difficulties and associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie F. Gonçalves
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Tara M. Chaplin
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Roberto López
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Irene M. Regalario
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Claire E. Niehaus
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | - Patrick E. McKnight
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, 22030, United States
| | | | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06519, United States
| | - Emily B. Ansell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 16802, United States
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Kirwan M, Lanni DJ, Nagy S, Pickett SM. Building a Model to Predict Sexual Assault Victimization Frequency Among Undergraduate Women. Violence Against Women 2021; 28:1925-1946. [PMID: 34229524 DOI: 10.1177/10778012211022777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has identified several factors, including sexual risk behaviors, alcohol consumption, sexual refusal assertiveness, impulse control difficulties, drinking to cope, and sex to cope, as being associated with sexual assault victimization. Data were collected from 465 adult, undergraduate women, and analyzed using structural equation modeling to determine how these variables related to one another. Results showed that together, these factors predicted 17.1% of the variance in victimization frequency. These findings may help future researchers better understand the etiology of sexual assault victimization on college campuses and prove crucial to the development of future intervention programs which reduce victimization.
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Wolkowicz NR, Ham LS, Perrotte JK, Zamboanga BL. Negative urgency and alcohol-related problems: indirect links with alcohol expectancies and drinking motives. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:199-207. [PMID: 33215570 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1847993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative Urgency (NU), the tendency to act rashly during negative emotional states, is associated with alcohol misuse through various alcohol cognitions; however, these relationships are often examined in isolation and exclude certain alcohol cognitions. Objective: This study simultaneously modeled NU's association with alcohol-related problems through (a) beliefs about the likelihood of experiencing positive or negative effects from alcohol (i.e., expectancies), (b) desirability of alcohol's positive or negative effects (i.e., valuations), and (c) reasons for consuming alcohol (i.e., drinking motives). Methods: Participants (N = 565) completed measures of NU, expectancies, valuations, drinking motives, and alcohol problems online. Results: NU was indirectly associated with alcohol-related problems through coping motives, positive expectancies, and enhancement motives. Despite a positive association between NU and negative valuations, NU was not associated with alcohol-related problems through valuations. Conclusions: These results further researchers' understanding of how NU is associated with modifiable alcohol cognitions, with clear implications for informing treatment and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah R Wolkowicz
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lindsay S Ham
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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8
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Lucke HR, Harbke CR, Mathes EW, Hammersley JJ. Higher Emotion Dysregulation and Coping Motives in Alcoholand Marijuana Users. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:950-961. [PMID: 33754955 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1901927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior research indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation may contribute to the use of substances (e.g. alcohol and marijuana) to alleviate negative affect. Therefore, we hypothesized that coping motives for alcohol and marijuana use would serve as an intermediary in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and alcohol/marijuana-related outcomes. Methods: The sample comprised 241 college students who used both alcohol and marijuana and 378 college students who used alcohol only. Parallel indirect effects models were estimated to test the hypothesis that emotion dysregulation is associated with alcohol and marijuana use/problems through alcohol and marijuana coping motives. Results: Coping motives were consistently identified as the driving intermediary when it came to alcohol and marijuana problems, as well as marijuana consumption. Enhancement motives were only implicated in the relationship between emotion dysregulation and alcohol consumption among the alcohol-only group. Conclusion: Overall, the pattern of results suggests that, as hypothesized, alcohol and/or marijuana users higher in emotion dysregulation are more likely to use alcohol or marijuana to alleviate negative affect. Although further research is warranted, individuals who use substances for coping purposes may benefit from interventions designed to improve emotion regulation skills.
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9
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Croese EM, Hoof JJV. Alcohol Intoxication and Psychological Problems Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2020.1789524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Yang Z, Xin Z. Income inequality and interpersonal trust in China. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Yang
- School of Economics Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing China
| | - Ziqiang Xin
- School of Sociology and Psychology Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing China
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11
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Semple SJ, Pitpitan EV, Pines HA, Harvey-Vera A, Martinez G, Rangel MG, Strathdee SA, Patterson TL. Hazardous Alcohol Consumption Moderates the Relationship Between Safer Sex Maintenance Strategies and Condomless Sex With Clients Among Female Sex Workers in Mexico. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 47:14-23. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198119869971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between cognitive and behavioral processes and long-term behavior change is critical to developing behavior change maintenance interventions. We examined the relationship between cognitive and behavioral safer sex maintenance strategies and condomless vaginal/anal sex with clients among female sex workers (FSWs) in Mexico. We hypothesized a moderating effect of hazardous alcohol use, such that the relationship between the use of safer sex maintenance strategies and condomless sex would be weaker among FSWs who meet criteria for hazardous alcohol consumption. Data were gathered from 602 FSWs enrolled in a sexual risk reduction intervention with a text messaging maintenance component. Seven cognitive and behavioral strategies purported to be critical in sustaining long-term behavior change were measured (e.g., maintenance self-efficacy). The relationship between FSWs’ use of safer sex maintenance strategies and condomless vaginal/anal sex with clients was moderated by hazardous alcohol consumption. The association was weaker among FSWs who met criteria for hazardous alcohol consumption. Among FSWs who met criteria for hazardous alcohol consumption, maintenance self-efficacy was associated with fewer condomless sex acts with clients ( b = −0.35, p < .001). Among FSWs who did not meet criteria for hazardous alcohol consumption, recovery self-efficacy ( b = −0.21, p < .05) and self-monitoring ( b = −0.34, p < .001) were associated with fewer acts of condomless sex. Results indicate the importance of examining the multidimensional nature of safer sex maintenance strategies and of exploring subgroup differences in their associations with behavioral outcomes. Interventions that address safer sex maintenance strategies in the context of alcohol treatment should be developed for this subgroup of FSWs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Martinez
- Federación Méxicana de Asociaciones Privadas (FEMAP), Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - M. Gudelia Rangel
- U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
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12
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Cho SB, Su J, Kuo SIC, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, McCutcheon VV, Schuckit MA, Kramer JR, Dick DM. Positive and negative reinforcement are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of alcohol dependence. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:58-68. [PMID: 30667237 PMCID: PMC6459181 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A multistage model of drug addiction in which individuals' motivations for use change as they develop problems is widely accepted; however, the evidence for this model comes mostly from animal work and cross-sectional studies. We used longitudinal data to test whether positive and negative reinforcement associated with alcohol consumption differed as a function of alcohol dependence (AD). Specifically, we tested whether (a) positive reinforcement is more strongly associated with alcohol consumption than is negative reinforcement among individuals without AD, (b) negative reinforcement is more strongly associated with AD than is positive reinforcement, and (c) in the presence of AD, the association between positive reinforcement and alcohol consumption becomes weaker, whereas the association with negative reinforcement becomes stronger. We included assessments between Ages 18 and 30 years from participants who indicated they ever had a drink (N = 2,556; 51.6% female) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Prospective Study. Results from generalized estimating equations indicated that positive, but not negative, reinforcement was associated with alcohol consumption among individuals without AD. Both positive and negative reinforcement were associated with AD, but the association was stronger with negative reinforcement. Results from the multilevel growth model indicated that the association between negative reinforcement and alcohol consumption became stronger with the presence of AD, whereas the association between positive reinforcement and alcohol consumption did not differ as a function of AD. We provide empirical evidence that positive and negative reinforcement are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bin Cho
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University
| | | | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego
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13
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Jaffe AE, DiLillo D, Gratz KL, Messman-Moore TL. Risk for Revictimization Following Interpersonal and Noninterpersonal Trauma: Clarifying the Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Trauma-Related Cognitions. J Trauma Stress 2019; 32:42-55. [PMID: 30748027 PMCID: PMC6599470 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One victimization experience can increase the risk for subsequent victimization, which is known as revictimization. The aims of this study were to build on sexual revictimization research by (a) broadening the understanding of revictimization to interpersonal (and potentially noninterpersonal) trauma generally and (b) gaining specificity in the mechanisms that underlie revictimization. Using a prospective multisite design, an ethnically and racially diverse sample of 453 young women from the community (age range: 18-25 years, 60.7% European American) completed an initial survey and at least one follow-up survey within the subsequent year. Participants completed self-report measures of trauma history, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions. Structural equation models revealed that interpersonal revictimization was observed when controlling for past noninterpersonal trauma, odds ratio (OR) = 2.27, 95% CI [1.23, 4.18], and supported the role of posttraumatic stress symptoms as a mechanism underlying such revictimization, 95% CI of indirect effect (IE) [0.08, 0.51]. Additionally, a history of noninterpersonal trauma (controlling for past interpersonal trauma) increased risk of subsequent interpersonal victimization via posttraumatic stress symptoms, 95% CI of IE [0.01, 0.38]. Notably, however, when maladaptive cognitions were included as mediators in addition to posttraumatic stress symptoms, the only unique indirect effect was for the association between interpersonal trauma and risk of revictimization specifically through perceived threat of harm, 95% CI of IE [0.05, 0.20]. These findings suggest that efforts to reduce interpersonal revictimization should target maladaptive posttraumatic cognitions, particularly perceptions of threat in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David DiLillo
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kim L. Gratz
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Jakubczyk A, Trucco EM, Kopera M, Kobyliński P, Suszek H, Fudalej S, Brower KJ, Wojnar M. The association between impulsivity, emotion regulation, and symptoms of alcohol use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat 2018; 91:49-56. [PMID: 29910014 PMCID: PMC6020846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation and impulsivity are important factors influencing the development and course of alcohol dependence. However, few empirical studies investigate the association between different aspects of impulsivity (cognitive, attentional, behavioral), emotion regulation, and alcohol use disorder symptoms in the same model. The goal of this study was to assess the association between emotion regulation and different facets of impulsivity among patients with an alcohol use disorder and healthy controls. The sample was comprised of 273 individuals: 180 participants with an alcohol use disorder undergoing inpatient alcohol treatment and 93 healthy controls. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test subscale. Impulsivity was assessed with Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Statistical models tested both the BIS-11 total score, as well as three secondary factors (non-planning, attentional, and motor impulsivity). Findings indicate that individuals with alcohol use disorder symptoms were characterized by poor emotion regulation and high levels of impulsivity in all analyzed domains. Moreover, path analytic models indicated that after accounting for demographic factors (i.e., biological sex, age, education) there was evidence for a significant indirect effect of alcohol use disorder symptomatology on non-planning and attentional impulsivity via emotion regulation. There was no association between emotion regulation and motor impulsivity. These findings indicate the importance of targeting emotion regulation skills as well as behavioral control when treating patients with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Jakubczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maciej Kopera
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kobyliński
- National Information Processing Institute, Laboratory of Interactive Technologies, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hubert Suszek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudalej
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kirk J Brower
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcin Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Mittal N, Thakore N, Reno JM, Bell RL, Maddox WT, Schallert T, Duvauchelle CL. Alcohol-naïve USVs distinguish male HAD-1 from LAD-1 rat strains. Alcohol 2018; 68:9-17. [PMID: 29427829 PMCID: PMC5851795 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are mediated through specific dopaminergic and cholinergic neural pathways and serve as real-time measures of positive and negative emotional status in rodents. Although most USV studies focus primarily on USV counts, each USV possesses a number of characteristics shown to reflect activity in the associated neurotransmitter system. In the present study, we recorded spontaneously emitted USVs from alcohol-naïve high alcohol drinking (HAD-1) and low alcohol drinking (LAD-1) rats. Using our recently developed WAAVES algorithm, we quantified four acoustic characteristics (mean frequency, duration, power, and bandwidth) from each 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz frequency-modulated (FM) USV. This rich USV representation allowed us to apply advanced statistical techniques to identify the USV acoustic characteristics that distinguished HAD-1 from LAD-1 rats. Linear mixed models (LMM) examined the predictability of each USV characteristic in isolation and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and binomial logistic regression examined the predictability of linear combinations of the USV characteristics as a group. Results revealed significant differences in acoustic characteristics between HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats in both 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USVs. In other words, these rats selectively bred for high- and low-alcohol consumption can be identified as HAD-1 or LAD-1 rats with high classification accuracy (approximately 92-100%) exclusively based on their emitted 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USV acoustic characteristics. In addition, acoustic characteristics of 22-28 kHz and 50-55 kHz FM USVs emitted by alcohol-naïve HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats significantly correlate with their future alcohol consumption. Our current findings provide novel evidence that USV acoustic characteristics can be used to discriminate between alcohol-naïve HAD-1 and LAD-1 rats, and may serve as biomarkers in rodents with a predisposition for, or against, excessive alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Mittal
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Neha Thakore
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - James M Reno
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States; The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Division, 108 E. Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Richard L Bell
- Institute of Psychiatric Research, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - W Todd Maddox
- Cognitive Design and Statistical Consulting, Austin, TX 78746, United States
| | - Timothy Schallert
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States; The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Division, 108 E. Dean Keeton, Stop A8000, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Christine L Duvauchelle
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 2409 University Avenue, Stop A1915, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2500 Speedway, Stop A4800, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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16
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Howard AL, Pritchard TR. Heavy Drinking in University Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Contributions of Drinking Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies. SUBSTANCE ABUSE-RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2017; 11:1178221817723318. [PMID: 28814878 PMCID: PMC5546638 DOI: 10.1177/1178221817723318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in relation to drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies in university students with a documented current diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 31) compared with students with no history of ADHD (n = 146). Participants completed a Web-based questionnaire, and logistic regression models tested interactions between ADHD/comparison group membership and motives and protective strategies. Group differences in rates of heavy drinking and alcohol problems were not statistically significant, but medium-sized risk ratios showed that students without ADHD reported heavy drinking at a rate 1.44 times higher than students with ADHD and met screening criteria for problematic alcohol use at a rate of 1.54 times higher than students with ADHD. Other key findings were, first, that drinking to enhance positive affect (e.g., drinking because it is exciting), but not to cope with negative affect (e.g., drinking to forget your worries), predicted both heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Second, only protective behavioral strategies that emphasize alcohol avoidance predicted both heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Contrary to expectations, we found no ADHD-related moderation of effects of motives or protective strategies on our alcohol outcomes. Results of this study are limited by the small sample of students with ADHD but highlight tentative similarities and differences in effects of motives and strategies on drinking behaviors and alcohol problems reported by students with and without ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Howard
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Vincke E, Vyncke P. Does Alcohol Catch the Eye? Investigating Young Adults' Attention to Alcohol Consumption. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 15:1474704917730207. [PMID: 28946754 PMCID: PMC10638873 DOI: 10.1177/1474704917730207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies on young adults' motivations for drinking overlook the symbolic aspects of alcohol use. However, research indicates that young adults' alcohol consumption is also driven by signaling motivations. Although the interest of a receiver is a necessary prerequisite of a signal, no previous studies have verified whether drinking behavior indeed attracts young adults' attention. Therefore, we conducted two studies. A two-part eye-tracking study ( N1 = 135, N2 = 140) showed that both young men and young women pay special visual attention to male and female drinking behavior. Additionally, a recall experiment ( N = 321) confirmed that observed male and female drinking is better remembered than observed nonsignaling, functional behavior. Moreover, alcoholic beverages also receive special attention, as they were recalled better than other functional products, and also nonalcoholic drinks similar in color and shape. In summary, the experiments clearly showed that male and female drinking behavior can be used as a signal, as both behaviors clearly function as an attention-attracting cue. Additionally, as alcoholic beverages draw more attention than nonalcoholic drinks, this attention is clearly linked to the alcohol element of the drinking behavior.
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Moore KE, Tull MT, Gratz KL. Borderline personality disorder symptoms and criminal justice system involvement: The roles of emotion-driven difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors and physical Aggression. Compr Psychiatry 2017; 76:26-35. [PMID: 28402839 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with elevated risk for a variety of risky behaviors, including criminal behaviors. Yet, limited research has examined the relation of BPD to criminal justice (CJ) involvement, or the mechanisms underlying this relation. PROCEDURES This study examined the role of two mechanisms, emotion-driven difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors and physical aggression, in the relation between BPD symptom severity and CJ involvement among 118 patients in residential substance abuse treatment (76% male; 62% African-American). Participants completed measures of BPD symptom severity, CJ contact, diversity of CJ charges, emotion-driven impulse control difficulties, physical aggression, and covariates (substance use severity and antisocial personality disorder symptoms). RESULTS BPD symptom severity was associated with CJ contact through emotion-driven difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors, and with diversity of CJ charges through emotion-driven difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors and physical aggression; however, the indirect relations to diversity of CJ charges became non-significant when covariates were included. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the important role of emotion-driven difficulties controlling impulsive behaviors in criminal behaviors among individuals with BPD symptoms, as well as the potential clinical utility of targeting this mechanism to prevent CJ involvement and/or recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States.
| | - Matthew T Tull
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States
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