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Awua J, Tuliao AP, Gabben-Mensah D, Kanjor F, Botor NJB, Ohene L, Meisel MK. Interpersonal communication and perceived norms as social influence mechanisms of e-cigarette use among adults: a systematic review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38832973 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2346928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: Given the increasing popularity of e-cigarette use among adults and the ongoing debate about the benefits and the potential adverse health risks associated with e-cigarette use, it is critical to identify the correlates of e-cigarette use. Prior research has found associations between interpersonal communication, perceived norms, and adults' e-cigarette use, but the evidence has yet to be summarized and synthesized.Objectives: This paper reviewed empirical studies examining the relationship between interpersonal communication, perceived norms, and e-cigarette use among adults.Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, articles were searched on DOAJ, EMBASE, Europe PubMed Central, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and the reference list of the retrieved studies for studies that examined social influence on e-cigarette use. Three reviewers independently screened 1,713 non-duplicate papers and further screened the full text of 195 articles for inclusion.Results: Thirty studies (30), consisting of quantitative (n = 25) and qualitative (n = 5) data, were included in this review. The twenty-five (25) quantitative studies consisted of both cross-sectional (n = 20) and longitudinal (n = 5) studies. Interpersonal communication portraying e-cigarettes as beneficial or harmful was found to increase e-cigarette use and quit attempts, respectively. Across study designs, greater perceptions of others' e-cigarette use or approval were related to more frequent e-cigarette use.Conclusions: The findings highlight that e-cigarette-related interpersonal communication and perceived norms are associated with e-cigarette use. These factors may be useful targets in brief interventions. However, most of the included studies were cross-sectional, limiting the ability to establish clear cause-and-effect relationships; therefore, more longitudinal studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Awua
- Center for Addiction Recovery Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Antover P Tuliao
- Center for Addiction Recovery Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Francis Kanjor
- Counseling Department, Bantuk Rehabilitation and Recovery Centre, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nephtaly Joel B Botor
- Center for Addiction Recovery Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Lilian Ohene
- Center for Addiction Recovery Research, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Department of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Matthew K Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Tao X, Zhang J, Meng Q, Chu J, Zhao R, Liu Y, Dong Y, Xu H, Tian T, Cui J, Zhang L, Chu M. The potential health effects associated with electronic-cigarette. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118056. [PMID: 38157958 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A good old gateway theory that electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are widely recognized as safer tobacco substitutes. In actuality, demographics also show that vaping cannibalizes smoking, the best explanation of the data is the "common liability". However, the utilization of e-cigarette products remains a controversial topic at present. Currently, there has been a widespread and substantial growth in e-cigarette use worldwide owing to their endless new flavors and customizable characteristics. Furthermore, e-cigarette has grown widespread among smokers as well as non-smokers, including adolescents and young adults. And some studies have shown that e-cigarette users are at greater risk to start using combustible cigarettes while e-cigarettes use was also observed the potential benefits to people who want to quit smoking or not. Although it is true that e-cigarettes generally contain fewer toxic substances than combustible cigarettes, this does not mean that the chemical composition in e-cigarettes aerosols poses absolutely no risks. While concerns about toxic substances in e-cigarettes and their widespread use in the population are reasonable, it is also crucial to consider that e-cigarettes have been associated with the potential for promoting smoking cessation and the clinically relevant improvements in users with smoking-related pathologies. Meanwhile, there is still short of understanding of the health impacts associated with e-cigarette use. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the health impacts of e-cigarette exposure on oral, nasal, pulmonary, cardiovascular systems and brain. We aspire for this review to change people's previous perceptions of e-cigarettes and provide them with a more balanced perspective. Additionally, we suggest appropriate adjustments on regulation and policy for e-cigarette to gain greater public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Tao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianyao Meng
- Department of Global Health and Population, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Junfeng Chu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Jiangdu People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Minjie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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McLeish AC, Walker KL, Hart JL. Emotion Dysregulation and E-Cigarette Expectancies among College Student E-Cigarette Users. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:920-927. [PMID: 38317024 PMCID: PMC11078561 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: E-cigarette outcome expectancies (i.e., beliefs about the expected consequences of e-cigarette use) are a key factor in motivating use. Emotion regulation difficulties have demonstrated significant associations with outcome expectancies; however, there has yet to be an examination of associations between specific emotion regulation difficulties and specific e-cigarette outcome expectancies, which could serve as targets for intervention efforts. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the unique predictive ability of specific emotion regulation difficulties in terms of e-cigarette outcome expectancies. Methods: Participants were 116 college student e-cigarette users (Mage = 19.72, SD = 1.88; 71.6% female) who completed self-report questionnaires for course credit. Results: Greater difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when experiencing negative emotions and fewer difficulties accessing effective emotion regulation strategies were associated with positive reinforcement outcome expectancies. Greater emotion regulation difficulties in general were also associated with negative reinforcement outcome expectancies, though there were no significant individual predictors. Conclusion: These results suggest that greater emotion regulation difficulties are associated with mood-related e-cigarette outcome expectancies, and targeting emotion regulation difficulties, particularly difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior when upset, may be useful to incorporate into intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang S, Ge L, Xu Y, Yao D, Hu X, Huang Z, Zhu T, Wang Z, Chen C. The association between health literacy and e-cigarette use: evidence from Zhejiang, China. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1321457. [PMID: 38239787 PMCID: PMC10794489 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1321457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The worldwide popularity of electronic cigarettes (ECIG) is becoming a public health concern. Compared to conventional cigarettes (CIG), the harm caused by ECIG is more insidious. Studies have shown that lower health literacy (HL) is associated with CIG use; however, the relationship between HL and ECIG use remains controversial. Because ECIG emerged more recently than CIG, there are fewer relevant studies, and the sample populations and evaluation methods of HL in existing studies differ. This study conducted a large-sample survey to examine the relationship between HL and ECIG use. Methods As part of the 2022 China Health Literacy Survey, a total of 60,998 valid questionnaires were collected from September to November in 2022 using a stratified multistage probability proportional to the population size sampling frame. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between HL and ECIG use. Some demographic variables were included as covariates in the analysis. Results The study showed that the average HL score and the HL level of Zhejiang residents in 2022 were 42.8 and 30.8%, respectively. The prevalence of CIG and ECIG was 19.7 and 1.0%, respectively; 19% of participants exclusively used CIG, while only 0.3% of participants used ECIG exclusively; dual users accounted for 0.6%. After adjusting for covariates, adequate HL was associated with lower odds of ECIG-exclusive use (odds ratio [OR] = 0.452, p < 0.001), CIG-exclusive use (OR = 0.833, p < 0.001), and dual use (OR = 0.632, p < 0.001). Young age, male sex, unmarried status, high-income status, and absence of chronic disease were also associated with ECIG use. Conclusion HL was a protective factor against both patterns of ECIG use, especially ECIG-exclusive use. Health policymakers and public health practitioners should consider HL as a potential measure for ECIG control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehai Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Songjia Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lizheng Ge
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingning Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujing Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zishuo Huang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixia Wang
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Dai HD, Hanh P, Guenzel N, Morgan M, Kerns E, Winickoff JP. Adoption of Vaping Cessation Methods by US Adolescent E-Cigarette Users. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023062948. [PMID: 37781732 PMCID: PMC10995917 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of adolescent e-cigarette users intend to quit vaping or have past-year quit attempts. However, it remains unknown which methods they use in their vaping cessation efforts. METHODS We analyzed current (past 30-day) e-cigarette users who made ≥1 quit attempt in the past 12 months from the 2021 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS) to examine the prevalence and associations of sociodemographic factors, vaping behaviors, and harm perception with the adoption of different vaping cessation methods. RESULTS In the 2021 NYTS, there were 1436 current vapers, and 889 (67.9%) had made a past-year quit attempt. Of those, 575 (63.7%) (weighted N = 810 000) reported they did not use any resources (unassisted quitting). Peer support (14.2%), help on the Internet (6.4%), a mobile app or text messaging (5.9%), and parent support (5.8%) were the top 4 cessation methods. Female (versus male) vapers were less likely to solicit parent support (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.1-0.5), whereas Hispanic (versus White) vapers were more likely to seek friend support (AOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3.9) and parent support (AOR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.2-6.3). Those who perceived vaping to be harmful were less likely to get friend support, but more likely to use a mobile app or text messaging program. Dual users of e-cigarettes and any other tobacco product were more likely to get help from a teacher/coach or a doctor/health care provider and treatment from medical facilities than sole e-cigarette users. CONCLUSIONS There were different correlates with the adoption of vaping cessation methods, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to meet the cessation needs and preferences of the adolescent vaping population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pham Hanh
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Nick Guenzel
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
| | - Mathuri Morgan
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ellen Kerns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jonathan P. Winickoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kuntic I, Kuntic M, Oelze M, Stamm P, Karpi A, Kleinert H, Hahad O, Münzel T, Daiber A. The role of acrolein for E-cigarette vapour condensate mediated activation of NADPH oxidase in cultured endothelial cells and macrophages. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02825-9. [PMID: 37285062 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have recently become a popular alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes. Despite being marketed as a healthier alternative, increasing evidence shows that E-cigarette vapour could cause adverse health effects. It has been postulated that degradation products of E-cigarette liquid, mainly reactive aldehydes, are responsible for those effects. Previously, we have demonstrated that E-cigarette vapour exposure causes oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension by activating NADPH oxidase in a mouse model. To better understand oxidative stress mechanisms, we have exposed cultured endothelial cells and macrophages to condensed E-cigarette vapour (E-cigarette condensate) and acrolein. In both endothelial cells (EA.hy 926) and macrophages (RAW 264.7), we have observed that E-cigarette condensate incubation causes cell death. Since recent studies have shown that among toxic aldehydes found in E-cigarette vapour, acrolein plays a prominent role, we have incubated the same cell lines with increasing concentrations of acrolein. Upon incubation with acrolein, a translocation of Rac1 to the plasma membrane has been observed, accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress. Whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by acrolein in cultured endothelial cells was mainly intracellular, the release of ROS in cultured macrophages was both intra- and extracellular. Our data also demonstrate that acrolein activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway and, in general, could mediate E-cigarette vapour-induced oxidative stress and cell death. More mechanistic insight is needed to clarify the toxicity associated with E-cigarette consumption and the possible adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kuntic
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Angelica Karpi
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department for Cardiology 1, University Medical Center Mainz, Molecular Cardiology, Geb. 605, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Hsiao YC, Matulewicz RS, Sherman SE, Jaspers I, Weitzman ML, Gordon T, Liu CW, Yang Y, Lu K, Bjurlin MA. Untargeted Metabolomics to Characterize the Urinary Chemical Landscape of E-Cigarette Users. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:630-642. [PMID: 36912507 PMCID: PMC10371198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
The health and safety of using e-cigarette products (vaping) have been challenging to assess and further regulate due to their complexity. Inhaled e-cigarette aerosols contain chemicals with under-recognized toxicological profiles, which could influence endogenous processes once inhaled. We urgently need more understanding on the metabolic effects of e-cigarette exposure and how they compare to combustible cigarettes. To date, the metabolic landscape of inhaled e-cigarette aerosols, including chemicals originated from vaping and perturbed endogenous metabolites in vapers, is poorly characterized. To better understand the metabolic landscape and potential health consequences of vaping, we applied liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based nontargeted metabolomics to analyze compounds in the urine of vapers, cigarette smokers, and nonusers. Urine from vapers (n = 34), smokers (n = 38), and nonusers (n = 45) was collected for verified LC-HRMS nontargeted chemical analysis. The altered features (839, 396, and 426 when compared smoker and control, vaper and control, and smoker and vaper, respectively) among exposure groups were deciphered for their structural identities, chemical similarities, and biochemical relationships. Chemicals originating from e-cigarettes and altered endogenous metabolites were characterized. There were similar levels of nicotine biomarkers of exposure among vapers and smokers. Vapers had higher urinary levels of diethyl phthalate and flavoring agents (e.g., delta-decalactone). The metabolic profiles featured clusters of acylcarnitines and fatty acid derivatives. More consistent trends of elevated acylcarnitines and acylglycines in vapers were observed, which may suggest higher lipid peroxidation. Our approach in monitoring shifts of the urinary chemical landscape captured distinctive alterations resulting from vaping. Our results suggest similar nicotine metabolites in vapers and cigarette smokers. Acylcarnitines are biomarkers of inflammatory status and fatty acid oxidation, which were dysregulated in vapers. With higher lipid peroxidation, radical-forming flavoring, and higher level of specific nitrosamine, we observed a trend of elevated cancer-related biomarkers in vapers as well. Together, these data present a comprehensive profiling of urinary biochemicals that were dysregulated due to vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Richard S. Matulewicz
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Scott E. Sherman
- Section on Tobacco, Alcohol and Drug Use, Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 07920
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michael L. Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Marc A. Bjurlin
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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de Lima JM, Macedo CCS, Barbosa GV, Castellano LRC, Hier MP, Alaoui-Jamali MA, da Silva SD. E-liquid alters oral epithelial cell function to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasiveness in preclinical oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3330. [PMID: 36849550 PMCID: PMC9971414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gaining popularity of tobacco and nicotine delivery products, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) being perceived as relatively safe is of a medical concern. The long-term safety of these new products remains uncertain for oral health. In this study, in vitro effects of e-liquid were assessed in a panel of normal oral epithelium cell lines (NOE and HMK), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) human cell lines (CAL27 and HSC3), and a mouse oral cancer cell line (AT84) using cell proliferation, survival/cell death, and cell invasion assays. In addition, signaling pathways underlying the pro-invasive activity of e-cigarettes were evaluated by gene and protein expression analysis. We demonstrated that e-liquid promotes proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of OSCC and induces morphological changes associated with enhanced motility and invasive phenotypes. Furthermore, e-liquid-exposed cells express significantly reduced cell viability, regardless of e-cigarette flavour content. At the gene expression level, e-liquid induces changes in gene expression consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) revealed by reduced expression of cell epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and enhanced expression of mesenchymal proteins like vimentin and B-catenin seen both in OSCC cell lines and normal oral epithelium cells. In summary, the ability of e-liquid to induce proliferative and invasive properties along the activation of the EMT process can contribute to the development of tumorigenesis in normal epithelial cells and promote aggressive phenotype in pre-existing oral malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Muniz de Lima
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carneiro Soares Macedo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriela Vasconcelos Barbosa
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Roberto Cançado Castellano
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Michael P Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine, Oncology, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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9
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Wężyk-Caba I, Znyk M, Zajdel R, Balwicki Ł, Tyrańska-Fobke A, Juszczyk G, Zajdel K, Świątkowska B, Kaleta D. Determinants of E-Cigarette and Cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults in Poland-PolNicoYouth Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11512. [PMID: 36141783 PMCID: PMC9517296 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Teen use of tobacco-related products is a significant public health concern. This study evaluated the predictors of e-cigarette use among secondary school students who were never cigarette smokers and ever cigarette smokers in Poland. METHODS This study examined a sample of Polish youths aged 13-19 (n = 19,241) attending 200 schools, 12 on average in each county. The study was a part of the National Health Program in Poland for 2016-2020. Logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS Of all participants, 32.5% were ever cigarette users. Among the never cigarette users, 13.6% were deemed susceptible to e-cigarette use. Among the ever cigarette users, 60.6% were deemed susceptible to e-cigarette use. Of those susceptible to e-cigarette use, 68.2% were among the 32.5% ever cigarette users. The profile of e-cigarette use among never e-cigarette users also included: pocket money available per month (more than 150 PLN) (OR = 1.7; p = 0.001), 16-17 years old (OR = 1.9; p = 0.001), parental tobacco smoking and e-cigarette usage (OR = 2.0; p = 0.01 and OR = 1.7; p = 0.001 respectively), maternal secondary education (OR = 1.1; p = 0.04), and living in big cities >500,000 inhabitants (OR = 1.4; p = 0.04). E-cigarette users among ever cigarette users were similar to never cigarette users in their opinion that e-cigarette use is less harmful than traditional smoking (OR = 1.6; p = 0.0012) and living with both parents smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.3; p = 0.02). Additionally, the determinants were: female gender (OR = 1.5; p = 0.009) in the age group less than 15 years of age (OR = 1.3; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The major determinant of e-cigarette use in this population was prior smoking. Additionally, the results revealed that fairly obvious predictors such as parental smoking and a belief in the less harmfulness of e-cigarette use are important determinants for smoking among never or ever e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Wężyk-Caba
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Znyk
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Business and Informatics, University of Łódź, POW 3/5 Street, 90-255 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Balwicki
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Tyrańska-Fobke
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 7 Dębinki Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Jana Nielubowicza St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Hallera Sq., 90-645 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, 7/9 Żeligowskiego Street, 90-752 Łódź, Poland
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10
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An integral perspective of canonical cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity based on the adverse outcome pathway framework. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00193-X. [PMID: 35998874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of chronic disease and premature death, especially cardiovascular disease. As an emerging tobacco product, e-cigarettes have been advocated as alternatives to canonical cigarettes, and thus may be an aid to promote smoking cessation. However, recent studies indicated that e-cigarettes should not be completely harmless to the cardiovascular system. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to build up an integral perspective of cigarettes and e-cigarettes-related cardiovascular toxicity. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review adopted the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework as a pivotal tool and aimed to elucidate the association between the molecular initiating events (MIEs) induced by cigarette and e-cigarette exposure to the cardiovascular adverse outcome. Since the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been widely approved to play a critical role in cigarette smoke-related CVD and may also be involved in e-cigarette-induced toxic effects, the ROS overproduction and subsequent oxidative stress are regarded as essential parts of this framework. As far as we know, this should be the first AOP framework focusing on cigarette and e-cigarette-related cardiovascular toxicity, and we hope our work to be a guide in exploring the biomarkers and novel therapies for cardiovascular injury.
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11
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McLeish AC, Hart JL, Wood LA, Walker KL. Differences in young adults' perceptions of e-cigarettes by history of use. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35882085 PMCID: PMC9877241 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined group differences in college students' views on e-cigarettes in terms of safety, popularity, health risks, social acceptability, efficacy as a cessation aid, and promoting combustible cigarette use. Participants: 337 undergraduates (Mage = 20.84, SD = 3.79; 72.1% female; 68.5% White) divided into three groups: Never Users (n = 178), Ever Users (n = 108), and Current Users (n = 51). Methods: Participants completed questionnaires for course credit. Results: Compared to Ever and Never Users, Current Users believed e-cigarettes were safer, healthier, a useful tool to quit smoking, did not lead to combustible cigarette smoking, and that nicotine was less dangerous. Current Users also were less likely to endorse boosting social image as a motive for use. Conclusions: Public health campaigns could benefit from targeting current users' positive beliefs about e-cigarettes to reduce the prevalence of e-cigarette use among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville
| | - Lindsey A. Wood
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Louisville
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, TX
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville
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12
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Wood LA, Agbonlahor O, Tomlinson MM, Kerstiens S, Vincent K, McLeish AC, Walker KL, Hart JL. Readability of online e-cigarette cessation information. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:53. [PMID: 35795399 PMCID: PMC9175538 DOI: 10.18332/tid/149906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the growing awareness of the health risks associated with e-cigarettes, many users will access information about how to effectively quit using e-cigarettes, and the internet likely will be a popular source of information. However, little is known about the readability of online e-cigarette cessation information. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to assess the readability of webpage information about e-cigarette cessation. METHODS A search of webpages was conducted using the following search terms: vaping addiction, quit vaping, quit Juul, stop vaping, stop Juul, and vaping cessation. The 464 webpages identified were coded for target audience, message valence, and source, and then assessed for reading level with the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level assessment. RESULTS On average, webpage content was written at a 7th grade reading level (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Mean=7.34, SD=2.22) and less than 25% of webpages met readability guidelines (i.e. ≤6th grade reading level). There were no differences in readability by target audience, message valence, or webpage source. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that most online content related to e-cigarette cessation is not written at a level that is easily understood by general audiences. Thus, tobacco control advocates should assess the reading level of their messaging to ensure wide accessibility of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Wood
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Osayande Agbonlahor
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Madeline M Tomlinson
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Savanna Kerstiens
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Kolbie Vincent
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
| | - Alison C McLeish
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, United States
| | - Kandi L Walker
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, United States
| | - Joy L Hart
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States.,American Heart Association Tobacco Center for Regulatory Science, Dallas, United States
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13
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Lu X, Sun L, Xie Z, Li D. Perception of the Food and Drug Administration Electronic Cigarette Flavor Enforcement Policy on Twitter: Observational Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e25697. [PMID: 35348461 PMCID: PMC9006136 DOI: 10.2196/25697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
On January 2, 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released the electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) flavor enforcement policy to prohibit the sale of all flavored cartridge–based e-cigarettes, except for menthol and tobacco flavors.
Objective
This research aimed to examine the public perception of this FDA flavor enforcement policy and its impact on the public perception of e-cigarettes on Twitter.
Methods
A total of 2,341,660 e-cigarette–related tweets and 190,490 FDA flavor enforcement policy–related tweets in the United States were collected from Twitter before (between June 13 and August 22, 2019) and after (between January 2 and March 30, 2020) the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy. Sentiment analysis was conducted to detect the changes in the public perceptions of the policy and e-cigarettes on Twitter. Topic modeling was used for finding frequently discussed topics about e-cigarettes.
Results
The proportion of negative sentiment tweets about e-cigarettes significantly increased after the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy compared with before the announcement of the policy. In contrast, the overall sentiment toward the FDA flavor enforcement policy became less negative. The FDA flavor enforcement policy was the most popular topic associated with e-cigarettes after the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy. Twitter users who discussed about e-cigarettes started to talk about other alternative ways of getting e-cigarettes after the FDA flavor enforcement policy.
Conclusions
Twitter users’ perceptions of e-cigarettes became more negative after the announcement of the FDA flavor enforcement policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Li Sun
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical & Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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14
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Vishwakarma G, Singh S, Marani SK, Arya A, Calabro K, Gupta G, Mehta A, Alexander V. Evaluation and Impact of ASPIRE: An Interactive Tobacco Prevention Curriculum among University Students in India. South Asian J Cancer 2021; 10:144-150. [PMID: 34938675 PMCID: PMC8687867 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Online education approach provides innovative opportunities for engaging youths. Web-based, multimedia smoking prevention programs have been tested in high-income countries; however, efficacy of such programs is not well-investigated in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of A Smoking Prevention Interactive Experience (ASPIRE), an interactive tobacco prevention curriculum, among university students in India. A single-subject cohort study where each subject serves as their own control was conducted among university student participants engaged in ASPIRE, 60 minutes per week for five consecutive weeks during July to August of 2019. Assessments were conducted at baseline and immediately after exposure to ASPIRE. To evaluate the program, a structured instrument was specifically designed to measure the outcomes.
A total of 103 university students participated voluntarily. Average age of the participants was 18.3±0.9 ranging from 17 to 20 years. Eighteen percent of students were curious to know about the various smoking products. More males were more susceptible to cigarette smoking as compared to females. The majority of participants felt that ASPIRE was culturally appropriate for young adults in India, but a modified version targeted toward Indian youth would be more acceptable. Pre- to postintervention knowledge of tobacco-related hazards increased from 70 to 97% (
p
< 0.001).
ASPIRE, a multimedia interactive program, demonstrated its considerable potential to discourage smoking initiation among Indian youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohini Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Salma K Marani
- Youth and Family Cancer Prevention Program, University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ashish Arya
- Youth and Family Cancer Prevention Program, University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Karen Calabro
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Garima Gupta
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - V Alexander
- Youth and Family Cancer Prevention Program, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
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15
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Wills TA, Pokhrel P, Sussman S. The intersection of social networks and individual identity in adolescent problem behavior: Pathways and ethnic differences. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1923561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Wills
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Pallav Pokhrel
- Cancer Prevention in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Steven Sussman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, NSA
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16
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Wills TA, Soneji SS, Choi K, Jaspers I, Tam EK. E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.01815-2019. [PMID: 33154031 PMCID: PMC7817920 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01815-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is prevalent among adolescents and young adults, but there has been limited knowledge about health consequences in human populations. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of results on respiratory disorders from studies of general-population samples and consider the mapping of these results to findings about biological processes linked to e-cigarettes in controlled laboratory studies. Method We conducted a literature search and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association of e-cigarette use with asthma and with COPD. We discuss findings from laboratory studies about effects of e-cigarettes on four biological processes: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress/inflammation, susceptibility to infection and genetic expression. Results Epidemiological studies, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, show a significant association of e-cigarette use with asthma and COPD, controlling for cigarette smoking and other covariates. For asthma (n=15 studies), the pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.39 (95% CI 1.28–1.51); for COPD (n=9 studies) the aOR was 1.49 (95% CI 1.36–1.65). Laboratory studies consistently show an effect of e-cigarettes on biological processes related to respiratory harm and susceptibility to illness, with e-cigarette conditions differing significantly from clean-air controls, although sometimes less than for cigarettes. Conclusions The evidence from epidemiological studies meets established criteria for consistency, strength of effect, temporality, and in some cases a dose–response gradient. Biological plausibility is indicated by evidence from multiple laboratory studies. We conclude that e-cigarette use has consequences for asthma and COPD, which is of concern for respirology and public health. Epidemiological studies show a relationship of e-cigarette use with asthma and COPD, and laboratory studies show their adverse effects on four biological processes. It can be concluded that e-cigarette use is of significant concern for public health.https://bit.ly/3drH4pj
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wills
- Cancer Prevention Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Samir S Soneji
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Tam
- Dept of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
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17
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Mayorga NA, Smit T, Shepherd JM, Orr MF, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Worry and e-cigarette cognition: The moderating role of sex. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106621. [PMID: 32920456 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use continues to rise, it is important to identify individual characteristics that may influence e-cigarette use behavior and potential group-level moderators of effects, such as sex. Initial evidence has suggested that worry, defined as excessive, unrealistic thoughts focused on the possibility of future negative events, may contribute to e-cigarette use behavior. Yet, how these established relations differ across groups, such as male and female e-cigarette users, has not been explored. The present study evaluated the effect of worry on perceived barriers for quitting e-cigarettes, perceptions of benefits for e-cigarette use, and perceived negative consequences of e-cigarette use across sex. The sample included 584 current e-cigarette users (52.2% female, Mage = 35.15 years, SD = 10.27). Analyses indicated a significant interaction between sex and worry on each criterion variable (perceived benefits: b = 0.02, SE = 0.01, t = -2.73, p = .01; perceived barriers for quitting e-cigarettes: b = -0.45, SE = 0.08, t = -5.70, p ≤ 0.001; negative consequences to use: b = -0.033, SE = 0.01, t = -4.50, p < .001), such that worry was more strongly related to each outcome among males than females. These findings suggest that sex plays a role in e-cigarette use behaviors and that males may constitute a group that is especially vulnerable to the effects of worry on both positive and negative e-cigarette use perceptions and perceived barriers for quitting e-cigarettes.
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18
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McLeish AC, Smit T, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion Dysregulation in Dual and Exclusive E-Cigarette Users. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1825-1830. [PMID: 34304699 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1954028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: E-cigarette use has increased exponentially over the past decade, particularly among current combustible cigarette users. Preliminary evidence has demonstrated differences across exclusive and dual e-cigarette/combustible cigarette users, such that dual users represent a more clinically severe group. Yet, the extent to which these groups differ on critical transdiagnostic risk factors that may promote and maintain nicotine dependence, such as anxiety sensitivity and emotional dysregulation has yet to be systematically studied. The purpose of the current study was to examine differences between exclusive e-cigarette users and dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette users in anxiety sensitivity and both global emotion regulation difficulties as well as within specific emotion regulation difficulty domains. Methods: Participants were 192 exclusive e-cigarette users and 315 dual e-cigarette and combustible cigarette users (52.1% female, Mage = 34.8 years, SD = 11.42). Results: Compared to exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users reported higher anxiety sensitivity, overall emotion regulation difficulties, and specific emotion regulation difficulties related to impulse control and lack of access to effective emotion regulation strategies. There were no group differences in emotion regulation difficulties related to emotional clarity, ability to engage in goal-directed behavior when upset, and emotional non-acceptance. Conclusion: The current data suggest that dual users are an at-risk group in terms of emotional processes. Dual users would likely benefit from targeted intervention efforts focused on reducing anxiety sensitivity and improving emotion regulation in order to reduce nicotine consumption and/or promote cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McLeish
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Chavez J, Smit T, Olofsson H, Mayorga NA, Garey L, Zvolensky MJ. Substance Use among Exclusive Electronic Cigarette Users and Dual Combustible Cigarette Users: Extending Work to Adult Users. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:888-896. [PMID: 33726615 PMCID: PMC10032028 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1899234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular in recent years. Existing evidence indicates e-cigarettes used in isolation are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, yet emerging work has demonstrated that adults use e-cigarettes largely in combination with combustible cigarettes (i.e. dual use). Despite this data, little is understood about how exclusive and dual e-cigarette users may differ across behavioral outcomes, such as substance use dependence and behaviors among adults. OBJECTIVES Thus, the current project examined differences in e-cigarette dependence, problematic alcohol use, cannabis use, and nonmedical prescription opioid use (e.g. methadone and oxycodone) across both exclusive and dual e-cigarette adult users. RESULTS Participants included 531 (53.6% female; Mage = 35.29 years, SD = 10.44) adults with past-month e-cigarette use. Dual users reported greater e-cigarette dependence, alcohol use, current cannabis use, and endorsement of nonprescription opioid use. Conclusions/Importance: Importantly, this work suggests that adults who use both combustible and e-cigarettes may constitute a group more vulnerable to experiencing problematic substance use and more severe e-cigarette dependence than exclusive e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeanFelix Chavez
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tanya Smit
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Olofsson
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nubia A. Mayorga
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Duan Z, Wang Y, Huang J, Redmon PB, Eriksen MP. Reasons why Chinese smokers prefer not to use electronic cigarettes. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:104. [PMID: 33328836 PMCID: PMC7735022 DOI: 10.18332/tid/130477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION China is the world’s largest e-cigarette manufacturer. It also has the world’s largest smoking population. Although smoking is strongly associated with e-cigarette use, the prevalence of e-cigarette use is low among Chinese smokers compared with smokers in countries such as the US and UK. This study aims to explore the reasons why Chinese smokers prefer not to use e-cigarettes. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Tobacco Questions for Surveys (TQS) conducted in four large Chinese cities (Chengdu, Wuhan, Xiamen, and Xi’an) in 2017–2018 were analyzed. A multi-stage cluster sampling approach was applied to select a representative sample of adults for each city. Weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for self-reported reasons why smokers in China had never tried e-cigarettes, in total and by demographic characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the adjusted associations between the top reasons why smokers never tried e-cigarettes and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS The top three reasons that Chinese adult smokers reported for never having tried e-cigarettes were: ‘I do not want to quit smoking’ (35.35%), ‘I do not think they would help me quit or cut down’ (24.31%), and ‘I am not addicted to smoking and don't need help to quit’ (14.93%). Other prominent reasons included: ‘I am concerned they are not safe enough’, and ‘I do not want to substitute one addiction for another’. Generally, there were no statistically significant associations between reasons why smokers never tried e-cigarettes and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that many Chinese smokers associate e-cigarette use with smoking cessation. Continued monitoring of smokers’ views, beliefs, and risk perceptions regarding e-cigarettes is warranted. Health education campaigns communicating the risks of e-cigarettes are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshuan Duan
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Jidong Huang
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Pamela B Redmon
- Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Michael P Eriksen
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, United States
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Sun L, Tao C, Xie Z, Li D. Promotion of Disposable Electronic Cigarette Flavors and Topics on Twitter. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249221. [PMID: 33321714 PMCID: PMC7764575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disposable electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) became popular among youth after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) implemented an enforcement policy to restrict the sale of cartridge-based flavored e-cigarettes starting from February 2020 in the United States (US). We aimed to examine the flavors and topics related to disposable e-cigarettes on Twitter. The Twitter dataset, which includes 1489 tweets, was collected by the Tweepy streamapplication programming interface (API) using a keyword query from March to September 2020. The disposable e-cigarette flavors were curated from both online stores and collected tweets. Topics related to disposable e-cigarettes on Twitter were manually coded. Distributions of topics were compared between tweets from the US and tweets from non-US countries. The temporal analysis results showed a slight increase in the number of discussions over the study period. Strawberry, mango, watermelon, and mint were the most popular flavors of disposable e-cigarettes mentioned on Twitter. Almost all the tweets (97.11%) were commercial tweets, which were dominated by topics related to the product and flavor promotions. The US tweets focused more on product and flavor promotions and less on price promotions compared to non-US tweets. Our results suggest that companies exploited the limitations of legislation to promote flavors on Twitter, which could undermine public health and young people’s finances if they get hooked on addictive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14647, USA;
| | - Chunliang Tao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA;
| | - Zidian Xie
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (D.L.)
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Clinical and Translational Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (D.L.)
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Wills TA, Soneji SS, Choi K, Jaspers I, Tam EK. E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies. Eur Respir J 2020. [PMID: 33154031 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01815‐2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is prevalent among adolescents and young adults, but there has been limited knowledge about health consequences in human populations. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of results on respiratory disorders from studies of general-population samples and consider the mapping of these results to findings about biological processes linked to e-cigarettes in controlled laboratory studies. METHOD We conducted a literature search and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association of e-cigarette use with asthma and with COPD. We discuss findings from laboratory studies about effects of e-cigarettes on four biological processes: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress/inflammation, susceptibility to infection and genetic expression. RESULTS Epidemiological studies, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, show a significant association of e-cigarette use with asthma and COPD, controlling for cigarette smoking and other covariates. For asthma (n=15 studies), the pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.39 (95% CI 1.28-1.51); for COPD (n=9 studies) the aOR was 1.49 (95% CI 1.36-1.65). Laboratory studies consistently show an effect of e-cigarettes on biological processes related to respiratory harm and susceptibility to illness, with e-cigarette conditions differing significantly from clean-air controls, although sometimes less than for cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS The evidence from epidemiological studies meets established criteria for consistency, strength of effect, temporality, and in some cases a dose-response gradient. Biological plausibility is indicated by evidence from multiple laboratory studies. We conclude that e-cigarette use has consequences for asthma and COPD, which is of concern for respirology and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wills
- Cancer Prevention Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Samir S Soneji
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Tam
- Dept of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Bennie A, Suessman A, Beaty T, Warrier R. Hemoptysis in a Healthy Teenager. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2020; 59:943-946. [PMID: 32425069 DOI: 10.1177/0009922820922533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bennie
- The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Raj Warrier
- Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Predictors of E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility-A Study of Young People from a Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Rural Area in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16203935. [PMID: 31623178 PMCID: PMC6843563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the youth at risk of e-cigarette use is crucial for development of effective prevention strategies. The current study aims at evaluation of predictors of susceptibility to e-cigarette initiation and experimentation among adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 1693 students (non-current users of e-cigarettes) attending 21 schools in Piotrkowski district (a socially disadvantaged rural area in central Poland). The regression models were applied so as to study factors linked to susceptibility to e-cigarette use among never users (n = 1054) and ever users (n = 639) of e-cigarettes, with susceptibility defined as the absence of a firm decision not to use these products. A high proportion of the youth was susceptible to e-cigarette use (68% of never and 78% of ever e-cigarette users). The adjusted model confirmed the following risk factors: smoking parents and friends (never users: OR = 3.0; p < 0.001; OR = 2.0; p < 0.05; ever users: OR = 2.2; OR = 2.2; p < 0.01), alcohol consumption (never users: moderate drinking OR = 2.9; p < 0.001; binge drinking OR = 2.2; p < 0.01; ever users: moderate drinking OR = 4.2; p < 0.001), cigarette smoking (never users: OR = 14.1; ever users: OR = 11.3; p < 0.001), and perception that e-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes (never users: OR = 1.8; p < 0.001). The youth whose mothers had a medium and high educational level (never users: OR = 2.7; p < 0.01; OR = 2.7; p < 0.05; ever users: OR = 5.4; OR = 4.4; p < 0.001), those who perceived girls who use e-cigarettes as more attractive (never users: OR = 4.1; p < 0.001; ever users: OR = 2.9; p < 0.01), and secondary school students (ever users: OR = 5.6; p < 0.001) had higher odds of susceptibility to e-cigarette use. The youth who had more money per month were less susceptible to e-cigarette experimentation (OR = 0.4; p < 0.001). A multi-level intervention approach, considering vulnerable populations, is required to prevent the youth from e-cigarette initiation and experimentation.
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