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Mark TE, Bair-Merritt MH, Chung SE, Flessa SJ, Trent M, Rothman EF, Matson PA. Discordant and Concordant Substance Use and Daily Partner Violence in Adolescent and Young Adult Relationships With Baseline Dating Violence. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:69-75. [PMID: 38739051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) and substance use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are significant public health issues in the United States. Together, they can harm emotional regulation and romantic relationship functioning. This study examines the role of concordant and discordant substance use on IPV within AYA relationships. METHODS A prospective cohort of community-recruited AYA women in a heterosexual dating relationship with past-month IPV completed four months of daily surveys via a cell phone. Each day, participants reported any IPV perpetration and/or victimization, their alcohol and drug use, and observed partner substance use. Concordant substance use was coded when the participant and partner used drugs or alcohol on the same day. Discordant use was coded when only the participant or partner used drugs or alcohol on a given day. Alcohol and drug use were modeled separately. Generalized estimating equations accounted for the correlation of repeated measures. RESULTS Participants (N = 143) were 18.2 (1.1) years old, 93% African American race. Discordant alcohol and drug use was associated with same-day victimization, perpetration, and co-occurring violence compared to concordant nonuse. Similarly, concordant alcohol use, drug use, and alcohol/drug use were associated with increased odds of victimization, perpetration, and co-occurring violence compared to concordant nonuse. DISCUSSION Daily data illustrated that dyadic patterns of substance use are associated with IPV. These findings may facilitate the development of effective and developmentally appropriate IPV intervention programs for AYA that also integrate strategies to reduce substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany E Mark
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Megan H Bair-Merritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shang-En Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah J Flessa
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Trent
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emily F Rothman
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela A Matson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Seemiller LR, Flores-Cuadra J, Griffith KR, Smith GC, Crowley NA. Alcohol and stress exposure across the lifespan are key risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease and cognitive decline. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100605. [PMID: 38268931 PMCID: PMC10806346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) are an increasing threat to global health initiatives. Efforts to prevent the development of ADRD require understanding behaviors that increase and decrease risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, in addition to uncovering the underlying biological mechanisms behind these effects. Stress exposure and alcohol consumption have both been associated with increased risk for ADRD in human populations. However, our ability to understand causal mechanisms of ADRD requires substantial preclinical research. In this review, we summarize existing human and animal research investigating the connections between lifetime stress and alcohol exposures and ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel R. Seemiller
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Julio Flores-Cuadra
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Keith R. Griffith
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Grace C. Smith
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nicole A. Crowley
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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3
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Sloan ME, Sanches M, Tanabe J, Gowin JL. Delay discounting and family history of psychopathology in children ages 9-11. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21977. [PMID: 38081908 PMCID: PMC10713649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Delay discounting is a tendency to devalue delayed rewards compared to immediate rewards. Evidence suggests that steeper delay discounting is associated with psychiatric disorders across diagnostic categories, but it is unclear whether steeper delay discounting is a risk factor for these disorders. We examined whether children at higher risk for psychiatric disorders, based on family history, would demonstrate steeper delay discounting behavior using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, a nationally representative sample of 11,878 children. We looked at associations between delay discounting behavior and family history of alcohol problems, drug problems, depression, mania, schizophrenia, and suicidal behavior. Correlations between family history of psychopathology and delay discounting behavior were small, ranging from ρ = - 0.02 to 0.04. In mixed effects models controlled for sociodemographic factors, family history of psychopathology was not associated with steeper delay discounting behavior. Sociodemographic factors played a larger role in predicting delay discounting behavior than family history of psychopathology. These results do not support the hypothesis that children with greater risk for psychopathology display steeper delay discounting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Sloan
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes Street, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
- Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Biostatistics Core, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., MSC 279, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Joshua L Gowin
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., MSC 279, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Hjarnaa L, Møller SP, Curtis AB, Becker U, Andersen O, Torvik FA, Tolstrup JS. Alcohol Intake and Academic Performance and Dropout in High School: A Prospective Cohort Study in 65,233 Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:1083-1092. [PMID: 37702649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the teenage years, many adolescents start drinking alcohol, and binge drinking is prevalent. We investigated the relationship between alcohol intake and academic performance. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal cohort study by combining data from the Danish National Youth Study on 65,233 high school students aged 15-20 years, with information on dropout and grade point average. We assessed associations between alcohol intake and academic performance using multilevel Poisson regression and linear regression, accounting for dependency between students from the same school and class. RESULTS The average alcohol intake was 10 drinks per week, and 43.6% engaged in binge drinking 3+ times per month. During follow-up, 9.8% of the boys and 6.7% of the girls dropped out. The incidence rate ratio was higher in never drinkers, frequent binge drinkers, and those with a high weekly alcohol intake as compared to those with a low intake. For example, the incidence rate ratio was 1.47 (95% confidence level: 1.24, 1.76) in girls who drank 21-27 drinks per week and 1.29 (95% confidence level: 1.13, 1.48) in girls who never drank as compared to those who drank <7 drinks per week. Alcohol associated with a lower grade point average over the entire span of intake in a dose-dependent manner, and similarly so in boys and girls. Findings were consistent in strata of socioeconomy and individual academic ambition. DISCUSSION Alcohol intake has implications for academic performance and poses a threat for the prospects of the individual as well as society. Policies and interventions aimed at lowering the intake among high school students are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hjarnaa
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Pagh Møller
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberte Brix Curtis
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Becker
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- Department of Clinical Research, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Jones SA, Morales AM, Harman G, Dominguez-Savage KA, Gilbert S, Baker FC, de Zambotti M, Goldston DB, Nooner KB, Clark DB, Luna B, Thompson WK, Brown SA, Tapert SF, Nagel BJ. Associations between alcohol use and sex-specific maturation of subcortical gray matter morphometry from adolescence to adulthood: Replication across two longitudinal samples. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101294. [PMID: 37683327 PMCID: PMC10497992 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical brain morphometry matures across adolescence and young adulthood, a time when many youth engage in escalating levels of alcohol use. Initial cross-sectional studies have shown alcohol use is associated with altered subcortical morphometry. However, longitudinal evidence of sex-specific neuromaturation and associations with alcohol use remains limited. This project used generalized additive mixed models to examine sex-specific development of subcortical volumes and associations with recent alcohol use, using 7 longitudinal waves (n = 804, 51% female, ages 12-21 at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). A second, independent, longitudinal dataset, with up to four waves of data (n = 467, 43% female, ages 10-18 at baseline), was used to assess replicability. Significant, replicable non-linear normative volumetric changes with age were evident in the caudate, putamen, thalamus, pallidum, amygdala and hippocampus. Significant, replicable negative associations between subcortical volume and alcohol use were found in the hippocampus in all youth, and the caudate and thalamus in female but not male youth, with significant interactions present in the caudate, thalamus and putamen. Findings suggest a structural vulnerability to alcohol use, or a predisposition to drink alcohol based on brain structure, with female youth potentially showing heightened risk, compared to male youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gareth Harman
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Sydney Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - David B Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Nooner KB, Meiers G, Treadwell T, Butler LB. Changes in Electroencephalography Alpha Associated With Childhood Neglect and Adolescent Alcohol Use. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:297-306. [PMID: 35503002 PMCID: PMC10826886 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221098029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present pilot study is interested in the relationship between childhood neglect, brain function, and alcohol use in adolescence. The goal is to guide future prevention and intervention efforts related to alcohol use following childhood neglect. This pilot study comprised 53 adolescents (12-14 years at baseline) recruited from the Department of Social Services (DSS). Self- and DSS-reported neglect, electroencephalography (EEG) alpha power, and alcohol use behaviors were measured over 1 year. Higher DSS neglect severity in year 1 was related to lower self-efficacy to alcohol use temptation in year 2. Lower EEG alpha power in the parietal region in year 1 was linked to lower self-efficacy to the temptation of alcohol use in year 2. This pilot project has value for using tools, such as EEG, in child maltreatment and alcohol use studies, including with underrepresented adolescents, to better understand brain-related mechanisms in home-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Gloria Meiers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tamera Treadwell
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Laine B. Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
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7
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Arwood Z, Nooner KB. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Binge Drinking in Adolescence: the Role of Impulsivity and PTSD Symptoms. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 2023; 9:30-41. [PMID: 38239412 PMCID: PMC10795711 DOI: 10.1007/s40817-022-00135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study examines impulsivity and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as factors that may help understand the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adolescent binge drinking. Methods Data were drawn from a subset of adolescents (N = 285) ages 12-22 from the National Consortium on Alcohol & Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA). Impulsivity and PTSD symptoms were each predicted to moderate the relationship between ACEs and binge drinking. Results The positive relationship between PTSD symptoms and binge drinking was stronger when impulsivity was included. The positive relationship between ACEs and binge drinking was also strengthened when accounting for PTSD symptoms. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that impulsivity and PTSD symptoms may increase the risk for binge drinking during adolescence, including following ACEs. Interventions targeting PTSD symptoms and impulsivity could be valuable tools in preventing adolescent binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zjanya Arwood
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Kate B. Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
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8
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Sun D, Adduru VR, Phillips RD, Bouchard HC, Sotiras A, Michael AM, Baker FC, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Clark DB, Goldston D, Nooner KB, Nagel BJ, Thompson WK, De Bellis MD, Morey RA. Adolescent alcohol use is linked to disruptions in age-appropriate cortical thinning: an unsupervised machine learning approach. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:317-326. [PMID: 36209230 PMCID: PMC9750971 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cortical thickness changes dramatically during development and is associated with adolescent drinking. However, previous findings have been inconsistent and limited by region-of-interest approaches that are underpowered because they do not conform to the underlying spatially heterogeneous effects of alcohol. In this study, adolescents (n = 657; 12-22 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study who endorsed little to no alcohol use at baseline were assessed with structural magnetic resonance imaging and followed longitudinally at four yearly intervals. Seven unique spatial patterns of covarying cortical thickness were obtained from the baseline scans by applying an unsupervised machine learning method called non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The cortical thickness maps of all participants' longitudinal scans were projected onto vertex-level cortical patterns to obtain participant-specific coefficients for each pattern. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to each pattern to investigate longitudinal effects of alcohol consumption on cortical thickness. We found in six NMF-derived cortical thickness patterns, the longitudinal rate of decline in no/low drinkers was similar for all age cohorts. Among moderate drinkers the decline was faster in the younger adolescent cohort and slower in the older cohort. Among heavy drinkers the decline was fastest in the younger cohort and slowest in the older cohort. The findings suggested that unsupervised machine learning successfully delineated spatially coordinated patterns of vertex-level cortical thickness variation that are unconstrained by neuroanatomical features. Age-appropriate cortical thinning is more rapid in younger adolescent drinkers and slower in older adolescent drinkers, an effect that is strongest among heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delin Sun
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Viraj R Adduru
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rachel D Phillips
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather C Bouchard
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, University of Washington, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew M Michael
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David Goldston
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Klein SD, Collins PF, Luciana M. Developmental trajectories of delay discounting from childhood to young adulthood: longitudinal associations and test-retest reliability. Cogn Psychol 2022; 139:101518. [PMID: 36183669 PMCID: PMC10888509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2022.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Delay discounting (DD) indexes an individual's preference for smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, and is considered a form of cognitive impulsivity. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that DD peaks in adolescence; longitudinal studies are needed to validate this putative developmental trend, and to determine whether DD assesses a temporary state, or reflects a more stable behavioral trait. In this study, 140 individuals aged 9-23 completed a delay discounting (DD) task and cognitive battery at baseline and every-two years thereafter, yielding five assessments over approximately 10 years. Models fit with the inverse effect of age best approximated the longitudinal trajectory of two DD measures, hyperbolic discounting (log[k]) and area under the indifference-point curve (AUC). Discounting of future rewards increased rapidly from childhood to adolescence and appeared to plateau in late adolescence for both models of DD. Participants with greater verbal intelligence and working memory displayed reduced DD across the duration of the study, suggesting a functional interrelationship between these domains and DD from early adolescence to adulthood. Furthermore, AUC demonstrated good to excellent reliability across assessment points that was superior to log(k), with both measures demonstrating acceptable stability once participants reached late adolescence. The developmental trajectories of DD we observed from childhood through young adulthood suggest that DD may index cognitive control more than reward sensitivity, and that despite modest developmental changes with maturation, AUC may be conceptualized as a trait variable related to cognitive control vs impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Klein
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Paul F Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Jones SA, Van Fossen RP, Thompson WK, Baker FC, Clark DB, Nagel BJ. Developmental trajectories of Big Five personality traits among adolescents and young adults: Differences by sex, alcohol use, and marijuana use. J Pers 2022; 90:748-761. [PMID: 34919282 PMCID: PMC9203596 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individual differences in adolescent personality are related to a variety of long-term health outcomes. While previous studies have demonstrated sex differences and non-linear changes in personality development, these results remain equivocal. The current study utilized longitudinal data (n = 831) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence to examine sex differences in the development of personality and the association between substance use and personality. METHOD Participants (ages 12-21 at baseline) completed the Ten-Item Personality Inventory and self-reported past year alcohol and marijuana use at up to 7 yearly visits. Data were analyzed using generalized additive mixed-effects models and linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Findings support linear increases in agreeableness and conscientious and decreases in openness with age and inform on timing of sex-specific non-linear development of extraversion and emotional stability. Further, results provide novel information regarding the timing of the association between substance use and personality, and replicate past reporting of differential associations between alcohol and marijuana use and extraversion, and sex-dependent effects of marijuana use on emotional stability. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of modeling sex differences in personality development using flexible non-linear modeling strategies, and accounting for sex- and age-specific effects of alcohol and marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ryan P. Van Fossen
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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11
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Sullivan EV, Thompson WK, Brumback T, Prouty D, Tapert SF, Brown SA, De Bellis MD, Nooner KB, Baker FC, Colrain IM, Clark DB, Nagel BJ, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A. Prior test experience confounds longitudinal tracking of adolescent cognitive and motor development. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:177. [PMID: 35751025 PMCID: PMC9233356 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate measurement of trajectories in longitudinal studies, considered the gold standard method for tracking functional growth during adolescence, decline in aging, and change after head injury, is subject to confounding by testing experience. Methods We measured change in cognitive and motor abilities over four test sessions (baseline and three annual assessments) in 154 male and 165 female participants (baseline age 12–21 years) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. At each of the four test sessions, these participants were given a test battery using computerized administration and traditional pencil and paper tests that yielded accuracy and speed measures for multiple component cognitive (Abstraction, Attention, Emotion, Episodic memory, Working memory, and General Ability) and motor (Ataxia and Speed) functions. The analysis aim was to dissociate neurodevelopment from testing experience by using an adaptation of the twice-minus-once tested method, which calculated the difference between longitudinal change (comprising developmental plus practice effects) and practice-free initial cross-sectional performance for each consecutive pairs of test sessions. Accordingly, the first set of analyses quantified the effects of learning (i.e., prior test experience) on accuracy and after speed domain scores. Then developmental effects were determined for each domain for accuracy and speed having removed the measured learning effects. Results The greatest gains in performance occurred between the first and second sessions, especially in younger participants, regardless of sex, but practice gains continued to accrue thereafter for several functions. For all 8 accuracy composite scores, the developmental effect after accounting for learning was significant across age and was adequately described by linear fits. The learning-adjusted developmental effects for speed were adequately described by linear fits for Abstraction, Emotion, Episodic Memory, General Ability, and Motor scores, although a nonlinear fit was better for Attention, Working Memory, and Average Speed scores. Conclusion Thus, what appeared as accelerated cognitive and motor development was, in most cases, attributable to learning. Recognition of the substantial influence of prior testing experience is critical for accurate characterization of normal development and for developing norms for clinical neuropsychological investigations of conditions affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine (MC5723), 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Division of Biostatistics and Dept of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY, USA
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine (MC5723), 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine (MC5723), 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5723, USA.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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12
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Cummins KM, Pitpitan EV, Brumback T, Moore TM, Trim RS, Clark DB, Brown SA, Tapert SF. Comparison of factor analysis models applied to the NCANDA neuropsychological test battery. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263174. [PMID: 35143554 PMCID: PMC8830737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The factor structure of neuropsychological functioning among a large sample (N = 831) of American youth (ages 12-21 at baseline) was investigated in order to identify an optimal model. Candidate models were selected based on their potential to provide service to the study of adolescent development and the effects of heavy episodic alcohol consumption. Data on neuropsychological functioning were obtained from the NCANDA study. This is a longitudinal community study of the effects of alcohol exposure on neurodevelopment. Three conceptually motivated and one empirically motivated factor analysis model of neuropsychological domains were compared based on penalized-likelihood selection criteria and model fit statistics. Two conceptually-motivated models were found to have adequate fit and pattern invariance to function as a measurement model for the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn CNB) anchored neuropsychological battery in NCANDA. Corroboration of previous factor analysis models was obtained, in addition to the identification of an alternative factor model that has higher discriminant capacity for neuropsychological domains hypothesized to be most sensitive to alcohol exposure in human adolescents. The findings support the use of a factor model developed originally for the Penn CNB and a model developed specifically for the NCANDA project. The NCANDA 8-Factor Model has conceptual and empirical advantages that were identified in the current and prior studies. These advantages are particularly valuable when applied in alcohol research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Cummins
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Eileen V. Pitpitan
- Joint Doctoral Program in Interdisciplinary Research on Substance Use, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ryan S. Trim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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13
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Lorkiewicz SA, Baker FC, Müller-Oehring EM, Haas A, Wickham R, Sassoon SA, Clark DB, Nooner KB, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Schulte T. A Longitudinal Examination of Alcohol-Related Blackouts as a Predictor of Changes in Learning, Memory, and Executive Function in Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866051. [PMID: 35599753 PMCID: PMC9120418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adolescents, the relationship between alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) and distinct cognitive changes lasting beyond intoxication is unclear. We examined ARBs as a predictor of persistent changes in the development of learning, memory, and executive function in participants from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. METHODS Descriptive analyses of the NCANDA sample (N = 831, 50.9% female, 12-21 years at baseline) identified ARB patterns within participants with an ARB history (n = 106). Latent growth curve modeling evaluated ARB-related performance changes on four neuropsychological measures across five years, excluding baseline data to reduce the magnitude of practice effects over time (n = 790). Measures included the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test (PCET), Penn Letter N-back Test (PLBT), Penn Facial Memory Test immediate (PFMTi), and delayed (PFMTd) recognition trials, and the Rey Complex Figure Test copy (RCFTc), immediate recall (RCFTi), and delayed recall (RCFTd) trials. Multivariate models were fit for raw accuracy scores from each measure, with ARB history (i.e., presence of past-year ARBs) as the main independent variable. Age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, assessment site, and alcohol use (i.e., past-year frequency) were included as covariates. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency were tested. RESULTS By year five, 16% of participants had experienced at least one ARB (59% of whom reported > 1 ARB and 57% of whom had an ARB lasting > 1 h). After controlling for demographics and alcohol use, ARB history predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at year one. Interaction effects between ARB history and alcohol use frequency predicted attenuated PFMTd performance growth at years one and two. ARB history predicted attenuated RCFTi and RCFTd performance growth by year four, but not PCET or PLBT performance over time. By contrast, greater past-year alcohol use predicted attenuated PFMTi and PFMTd performance growth between years two and four in adolescents without an ARB history. CONCLUSION We found that ARBs predict distinct, lasting changes in learning and memory for visual information, with results suggesting that the developing brain is vulnerable to ARBs during adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Lorkiewicz
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amie Haas
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Robert Wickham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | | | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tilman Schulte
- Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,SRI International, Neuroscience Program, Menlo Park, CA, United States
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14
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Lannoy S, Pfefferbaum A, Le Berre AP, Thompson WK, Brumback T, Schulte T, Pohl KM, De Bellis MD, Nooner KB, Baker FC, Prouty D, Colrain IM, Nagel BJ, Brown SA, Clark DB, Tapert SF, Sullivan EV, Müller-Oehring EM. Growth trajectories of cognitive and motor control in adolescence: How much is development and how much is practice? Neuropsychology 2022; 36:44-54. [PMID: 34807641 PMCID: PMC9995176 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive control continues to develop throughout adolescence and is vulnerable to alcohol use. Although longitudinal assessment is ideal for tracking executive function development and onset of alcohol use, prior testing experience must be distinguished from developmental trajectories. METHOD We used the Stroop Match-to-Sample task to examine the improvement of processing speed and specific cognitive and motor control over 4 years in 445 adolescents. The twice-minus-once-tested method was used and expanded to four test sessions to delineate prior experience (i.e., learning) from development. A General Additive Model evaluated the predictive value of age and sex on executive function development and potential influences of alcohol use on development. RESULTS Results revealed strong learning between the first two assessments. Adolescents significantly improved their speed processing over 4 years. Compared with boys, girls enhanced ability to control cognitive interference and motor reactions. Finally, the influence of alcohol use initiation was tested over 4 years for development in 110 no/low, 110 moderate/heavy age- and sex-matched drinkers; alcohol effects were not detected in the matched groups. CONCLUSIONS Estimation of learning effects is crucial for examining developmental changes longitudinally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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15
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Brumback T, Thompson W, Cummins K, Brown S, Tapert S. Psychosocial predictors of substance use in adolescents and young adults: Longitudinal risk and protective factors. Addict Behav 2021; 121:106985. [PMID: 34087768 PMCID: PMC8240028 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many psychosocial factors have been implicated in the onset and escalation of substance use in adolescence and young adulthood. Typically, each factor explains a small amount of the variance in substance use outcomes, and effects are typically applied across a broad range of ages or computed from cross-sectional data. The current study evaluated the association of factors including social influence (e.g., peer substance use), cognitive features (e.g., alcohol expectancies), and personality and emotional characteristics (e.g., impulsivity and typical responses to stress) in substance use throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood (ages 13-25; N = 798). Mixed-effects models tailored for the accelerated longitudinal design employed in this study were constructed with psychosocial and developmental factors predicting alcohol and cannabis use. As most participants in the sample exhibited little or no substance use at baseline by design, we excluded baseline assessments and examined data from follow-up years 1, 2, 3, and 4. Interactions between age cohort, change in age, and psychosocial predictors of substance use revealed differing associations over the developmental window for alcohol and cannabis use. For example, positive alcohol expectancies and sensation seeking were most strongly associated with greater drinking after age 18, whereas sensation seeking was associated with increased cannabis use as early as age 15. Higher emotion regulation skills led to less cannabis use in younger ages (i.e., shallower slopes below age 17), but this protective effect diminished after age 17. Results highlight developmentally important factors that differentially contribute to substance use in adolescence and young adulthood. We also demonstrate the importance of developmentally sensitive analyses that maximize the value of data from accelerated longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ty Brumback
- Northern Kentucky University, United States.
| | | | | | - Sandra Brown
- University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Susan Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, United States
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16
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Kliamovich D, Jones SA, Chiapuzio AM, Baker FC, Clark DB, Nagel BJ. Sex-specific patterns of white matter microstructure are associated with emerging depression during adolescence. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 315:111324. [PMID: 34273656 PMCID: PMC8387429 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated associations between adolescent depression and alterations in the white matter microstructure of fiber tracts implicated in emotion regulation. Using diffusion tensor imaging, this study explored premorbid, sex-specific white matter microstructural features that related to future emergence of major depressive disorder (MDD) during adolescence and young adulthood. Adolescents from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study, who were 12-21 years old at study entry and had not experienced major depression as of the baseline assessment, were selected for inclusion (N = 462, n = 223 female adolescents). Over five years of annual follow-up, 63 participants developed a diagnosis of MDD, as determined by the Computerized Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (n = 39 female adolescents). A whole-brain multivariate modeling approach was used to examine the relationship between fractional anisotropy (FA) at baseline and emergence into MDD, as a function of sex, controlling for age at baseline. Among female adolescents, those who developed MDD had significantly lower baseline FA in a portion of left precentral gyrus white matter, while male adolescents exhibited the opposite pattern. These results may serve as indirect microstructural markers of risk and targets for the prevention of depression during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Kliamovich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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17
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Walker CD, Kuhn CM, Risher ML. The effects of peri-adolescent alcohol use on the developing hippocampus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 160:251-280. [PMID: 34696875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of continued brain development. Regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus, continue to undergo refinement and maturation throughout adolescence and into early adulthood. Adolescence is also a time of heightened sensitivity to novelty and reward, which contribute to an increase in risk-taking behaviors including the use of drugs and alcohol. Importantly, binge drinking is highly prevalent among adolescents and emerging adults. The hippocampus which is important for the integration of emotion, reward, homeostasis, and memory is particularly vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. In this chapter, we cover the fundamentals of hippocampal neuroanatomy and the current state of knowledge of the acute and chronic effects of ethanol in adolescent humans and adolescent rodent models. We focus on the hippocampal-dependent behavioral, structural, and neurochemical changes and identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of age-dependent neurobiological effects of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Walker
- Department of Biomedical Research, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Cynthia M Kuhn
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - M-L Risher
- Department of Biomedical Research, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Hershel Woody Williams Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV, United States.
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18
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Silveira S, Boney S, Tapert SF, Mishra J. Developing functional network connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex mediates externalizing psychopathology in adolescents with child neglect. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100962. [PMID: 34015723 PMCID: PMC8142040 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity has been associated with elevated risk for psychopathology. We investigated whether development of functional brain networks important for executive function (EF) could serve as potential mediators of this association. We analyzed data of 475 adolescents, a subsample of the multisite longitudinal NCANDA (National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence) cohort with completed measures of childhood trauma, resting-state functional brain connectivity data, and symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology at baseline and follow-up years 1–4. Using parallel process latent growth models, we found that childhood adversity was associated with increased risk for externalizing/internalizing behaviors. We specifically investigated whether functional connectivity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to brain regions within the cingulo-opercular (CO) network, a well-known EF network that underlies control of attention and self-regulation, mediates the association between adversity and symptoms of psychopathology. We found that childhood adversity, specifically child neglect was negatively associated with functional connectivity of the dACC within the CO network, and that this connectivity mediated the association between neglect and externalizing behaviors. Our study advances a mechanistic understanding of how childhood adversity may impact the development of psychopathology, highlighting the relevance of dACC functional networks particularly for externalizing psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Simone Boney
- East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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19
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Zanini GAV, Miranda MC, Cogo-Moreira H, Nouri A, Fernández AL, Pompéia S. An Adaptable, Open-Access Test Battery to Study the Fractionation of Executive-Functions in Diverse Populations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:627219. [PMID: 33859592 PMCID: PMC8042159 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The umbrella-term 'executive functions' (EF) includes various domain-general, goal-directed cognitive abilities responsible for behavioral self-regulation. The influential unity and diversity model of EF posits the existence of three correlated yet separable executive domains: inhibition, shifting and updating. These domains may be influenced by factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and culture, possibly due to the way EF tasks are devised and to biased choice of stimuli, focusing on first-world testees. Here, we propose a FREE (Free Research Executive Function Evaluation) test battery that includes two open-access tasks for each of the three abovementioned executive domains to allow latent variables to be obtained. The tasks were selected from those that have been shown to be representative of each domain, that are not copyrighted and do not require special hardware/software to be administered. These tasks were adapted for use in populations with varying SES/schooling levels by simplifying tasks/instructions and using easily recognized stimuli such as pictures. Items are answered verbally and tasks are self-paced to minimize interference from individual differences in psychomotor and perceptual speed, to better isolate executive from other cognitive abilities. We tested these tasks on 146 early adolescents (aged 9-15 years) of both sexes and varying SES, because this is the age group in which the executive domains of interest become distinguishable and in order to confirm that SES effects were minimized. Performance was determined by Rate Correct Scores (correct answers divided by total time taken to complete blocks/trial), which consider speed-accuracy trade-offs. Scores were sensitive to the expected improvement in performance with age and rarely/inconsistently affected by sex and SES, as expected, with no floor or ceiling effects, or skewed distribution, thus suggesting their adequacy for diverse populations in these respects. Using structural equation modeling, evidence based on internal structure was obtained by replicating the three correlated-factor solution proposed by the authors of the model. We conclude that the FREE test battery, which is open access and described in detail, holds promise as a tool for research that can be adapted for a wide range of populations, as well as altered and/or complemented in coming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica C. Miranda
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Psicologia-Psicossomática, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ali Nouri
- Department of Education Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Alberto L. Fernández
- Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sabine Pompéia
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Luciana M. Risks versus consequences of adolescent and young adult substance use: A focus on executive control. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:453-463. [PMID: 33816055 PMCID: PMC8014909 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the role of executive control processes in the liability for substance misuse and whether substance use, once initiated, leads to subsequent decrements as proposed by neurotoxicity models of substance use disorder (SUD). RECENT FINDINGS As indicated by a number of recent meta-analyses, executive control processes, which include working memory, cognitive flexibility and numerous aspects of attentional, behavioral and emotional control, are impaired in the context of active SUD. Longitudinal studies of behaviorally disinhibited children, individuals with familial risks for SUD, and twins within whom genetic versus environmental influences on behavior can be modeled robustly indicate that relatively poor control is a vulnerability factor for early substance use initiation, binge patterns of use, and subsequent SUD. Evidence of further declines in executive control, once substance use is initiated, is mixed, although a growing number of neuroimaging studies indicate that frontostriatal, frontolimbic, and frontocerebellar systems are altered as a consequence of use. SUMMARY Together these patterns suggest strategies for identifying children and adolescents at high risk for SUD, avenues through which substance-related neurotoxicities can be more reliably detected, and the need to structure prevention efforts in a manner that is developmentally appropriate and perhaps personalized to individual vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, 55455 USA
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21
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Kwon D, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Regional growth trajectories of cortical myelination in adolescents and young adults: longitudinal validation and functional correlates. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:242-266. [PMID: 30406353 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of continued cognitive and emotional evolution occurring with continuing brain development involving synaptic pruning and cortical myelination. The hypothesis of this study is that heavy myelination occurs in cortical regions with relatively direct, predetermined circuitry supporting unimodal sensory or motor functions and shows a steep developmental slope during adolescence (12-21 years) until young adulthood (22-35 years) when further myelination decelerates. By contrast, light myelination occurs in regions with highly plastic circuitry supporting complex functions and follows a delayed developmental trajectory. In support of this hypothesis, cortical myelin content was estimated and harmonized across publicly available datasets provided by the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) and the Human Connectome Project (HCP). The cross-sectional analysis of 226 no-to-low alcohol drinking NCANDA adolescents revealed relatively steeper age-dependent trajectories of myelin growth in unimodal primary motor cortex and flatter age-dependent trajectories in multimodal mid/posterior cingulate cortices. This pattern of continued myelination showed smaller gains when the same analyses were performed on 686 young adults of the HCP cohort free of neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Critically, a predicted correlation between a motor task and myelin content in motor or cingulate cortices was found in the NCANDA adolescents, supporting the functional relevance of this imaging neurometric. Furthermore, the regional trajectory slopes were confirmed by performing longitudinally consistent analysis of cortical myelin. In conclusion, coordination of myelin content and circuit complexity continues to develop throughout adolescence, contributes to performance maturation, and may represent active cortical development climaxing in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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22
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Wade NE, Kaiver CM, Wallace AL, Hatcher KF, Swartz AM, Lisdahl KM. Objective aerobic fitness level and neuropsychological functioning in healthy adolescents and emerging adults: Unique sex effects. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2020; 51:101794. [PMID: 35495562 PMCID: PMC9053538 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective Research suggests positive relationships between aerobic fitness and cognition in older adults; however, limited research has adequately investigated the relationship between objectively measured aerobic fitness and broad cognitive functioning in healthy adolescents and young adults without psychiatric or physical health disorders. Further, studies to date have disproportionately examined males and failed to examine sex differences. Here we examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and neuropsychological functioning in physically healthy youth and whether sex moderates these findings. Design Sixty-four healthy emerging adults (16-25 years-old; 32 female) underwent measurement of objective aerobic fitness (VO2 max) and neuropsychological assessment. Exclusion criteria included: left-handedness, prenatal medical issues or alcohol/illicit drug exposure, Axis-I psychiatric disorders, major medical disorders including metabolic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, major neurologic disorders, LOS greater than 2 min, intellectual disability or learning disability, regular substance use (e.g., greater than biweekly use of cannabis) or positive drug toxicology testing. Method Multiple regressions examined VO2 max, sex, sex*VO2interaction in relation to neurocognition, controlling for objectively measured body fat percentage. Results Prior to including body fat percentage, higher VO2 max related to improved working memory (Letter-Number Sequencing; p = .03) and selective attention (CPT-II hit response time standard error; p = .03). Aerobic fitness significantly interacted with sex, as higher-fit males had better performance on two sustained attention tasks while females did not demonstrate this pattern (CPT-II variability standard error, p = .047; Ruff 2&7 Total Speed, p = .02). Body fat percentage was positively slower cognitive flexibility (D-KEFS color-word switching/inhibition, p = .046). Conclusions VO2 independently predicted better working memory and selective attention. Increased aerobic fitness level related to increased performance on sustained attention tasks in males but not females. Therefore, aerobic fitness may be positively related to better cognitive functioning in physically healthy adolescents and emerging adults without metabolic conditions. Further research into factors (e.g., intensity or type of activity) that may relate to beneficial outcomes by sex are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ann M. Swartz
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal was to review recent (1/2015-2/2020) evidence of impulsivity as a feature of substance use disorders or use of substances (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, opioids, stimulants) in males compared to females in terms of: a) impulsivity in substance-using groups (or substance-using compared to control groups), and b) relationship between impulsivity and substance use behavior, clinical severity, or treatment outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Of 361 papers identified by the searches, 69 met inclusion criteria, and 39 were highlighted for considering sex/gender in relation to impulsivity in substance-using populations. Taken together, findings supported higher impulsivity in males and females who use substances, relative to controls; and higher impulsivity was linked with more substance use/severity in both sex/genders. There were mixed findings regarding male versus female differences in impulsivity among individuals who use substances, or in the magnitude of the relationship between impulsivity and substance use severity. SUMMARY The current body of evidence does not point to a consistent sex/gender difference in the role of impulsivity within and across substance use disorders. Impulsivity is a clinically-relevant construct for male and female individuals who use substances, across a range of substances.
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Adeli E, Zhao Q, Zahr NM, Goldstone A, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Deep learning identifies morphological determinants of sex differences in the pre-adolescent brain. Neuroimage 2020; 223:117293. [PMID: 32841716 PMCID: PMC7780846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of data-driven deep learning to identify sex differences in developing brain structures of pre-adolescents has heretofore not been accomplished. Here, the approach identifies sex differences by analyzing the minimally processed MRIs of the first 8144 participants (age 9 and 10 years) recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The identified pattern accounted for confounding factors (i.e., head size, age, puberty development, socioeconomic status) and comprised cerebellar (corpus medullare, lobules III, IV/V, and VI) and subcortical (pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampus, insula, putamen) structures. While these have been individually linked to expressing sex differences, a novel discovery was that their grouping accurately predicted the sex in individual pre-adolescents. Another novelty was relating differences specific to the cerebellum to pubertal development. Finally, we found that reducing the pattern to a single score not only accurately predicted sex but also correlated with cognitive behavior linked to working memory. The predictive power of this score and the constellation of identified brain structures provide evidence for sex differences in pre-adolescent neurodevelopment and may augment understanding of sex-specific vulnerability or resilience to psychiatric disorders and presage sex-linked learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Adeli
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie M Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aimee Goldstone
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center for Biomedical Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Mauro KL, Goncalves SF, Sinha R, Ansell E, Chaplin TM. Does Alcohol Initiation in Early-To-Middle Adolescence Predict Changes in Reward Motivation? Evidence of Sex Differences. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1420-1430. [PMID: 32463517 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward motivation has been cross-sectionally correlated with adolescent alcohol use, but the temporal nature of this relationship remains unclear. This project sought to determine whether adolescent alcohol initiation longitudinally predicted changes in reward motivation and behavioral inhibition from early to middle adolescence, and explored the role of adolescent sex in this prediction. METHODS A total of 180 11- to 14-year-olds were recruited and then followed for 3 years to age 14 to 17. Participants self-reported their alcohol use at all time points. We selected participants who were alcohol-naïve at Baseline (early adolescence) and then grouped them based on whether or not they reported alcohol initiation by Year 3 (Y3: middle adolescence). Adolescents completed self-report and experimental (delay discounting) measures of reward motivation and self-report measures of behavioral inhibition at Baseline and Y3. RESULTS Adolescents' alcohol initiation significantly predicted higher Y3 self-reported reward motivation on one measure. Additionally, a significant sex × alcohol initiation interaction was found predicting Y3 task-based reward motivation (delay discounting), with boys' alcohol initiation predicting increased bias toward immediate reward at Y3. There was also a sex × alcohol initiation interaction predicting behavioral inhibition, with girls' alcohol initiation predicting higher behavioral inhibition at Y3. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that alcohol initiation among adolescents might precede changes in reward motivation, and the effects of alcohol on reward and behavioral inhibition may differ by adolescent sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Mauro
- From the, Youth Emotion Lab, (KLM, SFG, TMC), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Stefanie F Goncalves
- From the, Youth Emotion Lab, (KLM, SFG, TMC), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Yale Stress Center, (RS), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Emily Ansell
- Biobehavioral Health, (EA), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara M Chaplin
- From the, Youth Emotion Lab, (KLM, SFG, TMC), George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
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Adolescent development of inhibitory control and substance use vulnerability: A longitudinal neuroimaging study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 42:100771. [PMID: 32452466 PMCID: PMC7038454 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterized inhibitory control development in adolescents at-risk for substance use. Externalizing psychopathology is associated with lower antisaccade accuracy and shorter latencies in early adolescence. Externalizing-associated inhibitory control performance differences normalize by late adolescence. Externalizing psychopathology is associated with prefrontal hypo-activation across development. Externalizing psychopathology moderates age-related increases in posterior parietal cortex activity.
Previous research indicates that risk for substance use is associated with poor inhibitory control. However, it remains unclear whether at-risk youth follow divergent patterns of inhibitory control development. As part of the longitudinal National Consortium on Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Alcohol study, participants (N = 113, baseline age: 12–21) completed a rewarded antisaccade task during fMRI, with up to three time points. We examined whether substance use risk factors, including psychopathology (externalizing, internalizing) and family history of substance use disorder, were associated with developmental differences in inhibitory control performance and BOLD activation. Among the examined substance use risk factors, only externalizing psychopathology exhibited developmental differences in inhibitory control performance, where higher scores were associated with lower correct response rates (p = .013) and shorter latencies (p < .001) in early adolescence that normalized by late adolescence. Neuroimaging results revealed higher externalizing scores were associated with developmentally-stable hypo-activation in the left middle frontal gyrus (p < .05 corrected), but divergent developmental patterns of posterior parietal cortex activation (p < .05 corrected). These findings suggest that early adolescence may be a unique period of substance use vulnerability via cognitive and phenotypic disinhibition.
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Silveira S, Shah R, Nooner KB, Nagel BJ, Tapert SF, de Bellis MD, Mishra J. Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence-Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:499-509. [PMID: 32299789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma is known to impart risk for several adverse life outcomes. Yet, its impact during adolescent development is not well understood. We aimed to investigate the relationships among childhood trauma, functional brain connectivity, executive dysfunction (ED), and the development of high-risk drinking in adolescence. METHODS Data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (sample size = 392, 55% female) cohort were used. This included resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, childhood trauma and ED self-reports, and detailed interviews on alcohol and substance use collected at baseline and at 4 annual follow-ups. We used longitudinal regression analyses to confirm the relationship between childhood trauma and ED, identified the mediating functional brain network hubs, and used these linkages to predict future high-risk drinking in adolescence. RESULTS Childhood trauma severity was significantly related to ED in all years. At baseline, distributed functional connectivity from hub regions in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, right intraparietal sulcus, and bilateral pre- and postcentral gyri mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and ED. Furthermore, high-risk drinking in follow-up years 1-4 could be predicted with high accuracy from the trauma-affected functional brain networks that mediated ED at baseline, together with age, childhood trauma severity, and extent of ED. DISCUSSION Functional brain networks, particularly from hub regions important for cognitive and sensorimotor control, explain the relationship between childhood trauma and ED and are important for predicting future high-risk drinking. These findings are relevant for the prognosis of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rutvik Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael D de Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Leganes-Fonteneau M, Pi-Ruano M, Tejero P. Early Signs of Emotional Recognition Deficits in Adolescent High-Binge Drinkers. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:218-229. [PMID: 31535586 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1662810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Emotional dysregulation, measured with face recognition tasks, is prevalent in alcohol use disorders (AUD), constituting a risk factor for alcohol use and relapse. It is not clear however whether emotional dysregulation is a by-product of alcohol consumption, or if it can act as a predisposing factor for AUD. Objective: Our aim was to examine early signs of emotional dysregulation in adolescent drinkers. Method: Twenty-four high-school students and 24 university students completed two tasks. On the first one, participants had to gradually increment the emotional content of different faces until they could perceive an emotional expression (emotion perception threshold task). We also examined the propensity to perceive fearful expressions in an emotion identification task. Participants were semantically primed with emotion words (i.e., "fear"), and they then had to indicate whether a neutral-fearful facial composite matched the prime. Results: Using repeated-measures ANOVAS, in the emotion perception threshold task, "happy" faces were the easiest to detect and "sad" ones the hardest. For high school students there was a differential response pattern depending on binge scores, such that High-binge drinkers found it easier to detect a sad face but harder to detect a happy one compared to Low-binge drinkers. In the facial emotion identification task, Low-binge drinkers observed more fearful expressions compared to High-binge drinkers. Conclusions: Differences in emotional processing in young adolescents depending on drinking habits point towards the relevance of emotional dysregulation as an early sign of AUD. These findings could help develop novel diagnostic and treatment tools for young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Pi-Ruano
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Tejero
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Lees B, Mewton L, Stapinski LA, Squeglia LM, Rae CD, Teesson M. Neurobiological and Cognitive Profile of Young Binge Drinkers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2019; 29:357-385. [PMID: 31512192 PMCID: PMC7231524 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review provides the first systematic and quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the relationship between binge drinking, cognition, brain structure and function in youth aged 10 to 24 years. PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsychINFO and ProQuest were searched for neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological studies. A total of 58 studies (21 neuroimaging, 16 neurophysiological, 21 neuropsychological) met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Overall, abnormal or delayed development of key frontal executive-control regions may predispose youth to binge drink. These abnormalities appear to be further exacerbated by the uptake of binge drinking, in addition to alcohol-related neural aberrations in reward-seeking and incentive salience regions, indexed by cognitive deficits and maladaptive alcohol associations. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological correlates identified that binge drinking in youth was associated with a small overall neurocognitive deficit (g = -0.26) and specific deficits in decision-making (g = -1.70), and inhibition (g = -0.39). Using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence Profile, the certainty in outcomes ranged from very low to low. Future prospective longitudinal studies should address concomitant factors, exposure thresholds, and age-related vulnerabilities of binge drinking, as well as the degree of recovery following discontinuation of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Louise Mewton
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Lexine A Stapinski
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Kwako LE, Schwandt ML, Ramchandani VA, Diazgranados N, Koob GF, Volkow ND, Blanco C, Goldman D. Neurofunctional Domains Derived From Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Alcohol Use Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:744-753. [PMID: 30606047 PMCID: PMC6609498 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors evaluated whether three neurofunctional domains proposed to be critical in the addiction cycle, namely, incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function, could be identified through factor analysis of a deeply phenotyped clinical sample. METHODS Clinical, behavioral, and self-report measures of addiction, personality, cognition, behavior, and exposure to early-life stress were collected as part of a screening and natural history study of alcohol use disorders in 454 individuals representing the spectrum of alcohol use and use disorders. The multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) approach was used to identify significant predictors of the latent factors identified by the analysis. RESULTS The results showed significant support for both three- and four-factor models to explain biobehavioral variation in this sample of participants with alcohol use disorder and control subjects, but the three-factor model had the best fit indices. With some nuances, including cross-correlation (lack of independence) between the three factors, the factors corresponded to incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function (executive control). The MIMIC model revealed that both exposure to early-life stress and sociodemographic variables predicted these factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that three correlated neurofunctional domains are relevant for alcohol use disorder. More work is required to validate and standardize measures of neurofunctional domains in alcohol use disorder, to extend these findings to other addictive disorders, and to relate variations in them to predisposition, clinical course, treatment response, neuroimaging data, and other psychophysical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kwako
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892,Corresponding author: 10 Center Drive, 1-5340, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1108
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- Section on Human Psychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - George F. Koob
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Carlos Blanco
- Division of Epidemiology, Services, and Prevention, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - David Goldman
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
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Sanvisens A, Sanjeevan I, Zuluaga P, Túnez A, de Francisco A, Papaseit E, García-Eroles L, Muga R. Five-Year Incidence of Hospital-Based Emergencies Related to Acute Recreational Intoxication in Minors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2179-2186. [PMID: 31454093 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol or other drug (AOD) intoxication in minors is a public health challenge. We characterized underage patients admitted to an emergency department (ED) with acute, recreational AOD intoxication. METHODS We conducted a 5-year (2012 to 2016) analysis of minors admitted to the only hospital-based pediatric ED in an urban area. Episodes of AOD intoxication were selected using ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. Sociodemographics, substance use and clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and discharge dispositions were collected through the revision of clinical charts. RESULTS A total of 266 admissions related to recreational AOD intoxication in 258 patients occurred during the study period. Among the 258 patients, 127 (49.2%) were men, median age 16 years [IQR: 15 to 17 years], and 234 (90.7%) of episodes were alcohol-related. At admission, 202/256 (78.9%) patients had a Glasgow Coma Scale ≥ 13 points, the median systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 109 mmHg (IQR: 101 to 118 mmHg) and 67 mmHg (IQR: 60 to 73 mmHg), respectively, and the median blood glucose level was 112 mg/dl (IQR: 99 to 127 mg/dl). Only 72/258 (27.9%) patients underwent urine screening (22/72 (30.5%) were positive for cannabis), and only 30/258 (11.6%) were tested for blood ethanol (median: 185 mg/dl, IQR: 163 to 240 mg/dl). There was a trend in admissions occurring early in the morning of weekend days, and 249 (96.5%) patients were discharged home the day of admission. CONCLUSIONS Though the severity of AOD intoxication seems to be mild to moderate, assessment of substance exposure is low and may underestimate polydrug use in underage populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Sanvisens
- From the, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irina Sanjeevan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paola Zuluaga
- From the, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Adrià Túnez
- From the, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Antonio de Francisco
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Esther Papaseit
- Department of Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Luis García-Eroles
- Department of Health Information Systems, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Muga
- From the, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Germans Trias i Pujol-IGTP, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
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Peterson ET, Kwon D, Luna B, Larsen B, Prouty D, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic J, Liu C, Li W, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Distribution of brain iron accrual in adolescence: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:1480-1495. [PMID: 30496644 PMCID: PMC6397094 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To track iron accumulation and location in the brain across adolescence, we repurposed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired in 513 adolescents and validated iron estimates with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 104 of these subjects. DTI and fMRI data were acquired longitudinally over 1 year in 245 male and 268 female, no-to-low alcohol-consuming adolescents (12-21 years at baseline) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. Brain region average signal values were calculated for susceptibility to nonheme iron deposition: pallidum, putamen, dentate nucleus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra. To estimate nonheme iron, the corpus callosum signal (robust to iron effects) was divided by regional signals to generate estimated R2 (edwR2 for DTI) and R2 * (eR2 * for fMRI). Longitudinal iron deposition was measured using the normalized signal change across time for each subject. Validation using baseline QSM, derived from susceptibility-weighted imaging, was performed on 46 male and 58 female participants. Normalized iron deposition estimates from DTI and fMRI correlated with age in most regions; both estimates indicated less iron in boys than girls. QSM results correlated highly with DTI and fMRI results (adjusted R2 = 0.643 for DTI, 0.578 for fMRI). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses indicated an initial rapid increase in iron, notably in the putamen and red nucleus, that slowed with age. DTI and fMRI data can be repurposed for identifying regional brain iron deposition in developing adolescents as validated with high correspondence with QSM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Neuroscience ProgramSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia
- Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
| | - Beatriz Luna
- PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghPennsylvania
- Western Psychiatric Institute and ClinicUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Bart Larsen
- PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania
- Center for the Neural Basis of CognitionPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Devin Prouty
- Neuroscience ProgramSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - James Voyvodic
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
- Helen Wills Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Wei Li
- Brain Imaging & Analyses CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Neuroscience ProgramSRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Psychiatry & Behavioral SciencesStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
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Goldstone A, Willoughby AR, de Zambotti M, Clark DB, Sullivan EV, Hasler BP, Franzen PL, Prouty DE, Colrain IM, Baker FC. Sleep spindle characteristics in adolescents. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:893-902. [PMID: 30981174 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep changes substantially during adolescence; however, our understanding of age-related differences in specific electroencephalographic waveforms during this developmental period is limited. METHOD Sigma power, spindle characteristics and cognitive data were calculated for fast (∼13 Hz) central and slow (∼11 Hz) frontal sleep spindles for a large cross-sectional sample of adolescents (N = 134, aged 12-21 years, from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study). RESULTS Older age (and advanced pubertal development) was associated with lower absolute sigma power and greater fast spindle density, with spindles having a shorter duration and smaller amplitude and occurring at a faster average frequency than at a younger age. Spindle characteristics were not directly associated with cognition. An indirect relationship (age * density) provided some evidence for an association between better episodic memory performance and greater spindle density only for younger adolescents. CONCLUSION Spindle characteristics in adolescents differed according to age, possibly reflecting underlying differences in thalamo-cortical connectivity, and may play a role in episodic memory early in adolescence. SIGNIFICANCE Sleep spindles may serve as a marker of adolescent development, likely reflecting brain maturational status. Investigating specific spindle characteristics, in addition to sigma power, is necessary to fully characterize spindles during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Goldstone
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Duncan B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Devin E Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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34
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Zhao Q, Kwon D, Müller-Oehring EM, Le Berre AP, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM. Longitudinally consistent estimates of intrinsic functional networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2511-2528. [PMID: 30806009 PMCID: PMC6497087 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of neuroimaging studies are acquiring data to examine changes in brain architecture by investigating intrinsic functional networks (IFN) from longitudinal resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). At the subject level, these IFNs are determined by cross-sectional procedures, which neglect intra-subject dependencies and result in suboptimal estimates of the networks. Here, a novel longitudinal approach simultaneously extracts subject-specific IFNs across multiple visits by explicitly modeling functional brain development as an essential context for seeking change. On data generated by an innovative simulation based on real rs-fMRI, the method was more accurate in estimating subject-specific IFNs than cross-sectional approaches. Furthermore, only group-analysis based on longitudinally consistent estimates identified significant developmental effects within IFNs of 246 adolescents from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The findings were confirmed by the cross-sectional estimates when the corresponding group analysis was confined to the developmental effects. Those effects also converged with current concepts of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
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Impact of neuroimmune activation induced by alcohol or drug abuse on adolescent brain development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 77:89-98. [PMID: 30468786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence obtained in recent decades has demonstrated that the brain still matures in adolescence. Changes in neural connectivity occur in different regions, including cortical and subcortical structures, which undergo modifications in white and gray matter densities. These alterations concomitantly occur in some neurotransmitter systems and hormone secretion, which markedly influence the refinement of certain brain areas and neural circuits. The immaturity of the adolescent brain makes it more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol and drug abuse, whose use can trigger long-term behavioral dysfunction. This article reviews the action of alcohol and drug abuse (cannabis, cocaine, opioids, amphetamines, anabolic androgenic steroids) in the adolescent brain, and their impact on both cognition and behavioral dysfunction, including predisposition to drug abuse in later life. It also discusses recent evidence that indicates the role of the neuroimmune system response and neuroinflammation as mechanisms that participate in many actions of ethanol and drug abuse in adolescence, including the neurotoxicity and alterations in neurocircuitry that contribute to the dysfunctional behaviors associated with addiction. The new data suggest the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory targets to prevent the long-term consequences of drug abuse in adolescence.
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36
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Carbia C, López-Caneda E, Corral M, Cadaveira F. A systematic review of neuropsychological studies involving young binge drinkers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:332-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Suffoletto B, Goyal A, Puyana JC, Chung T. Can an app help identify psychomotor function impairments during drinking occasions in the real world? A mixed-method pilot study. Subst Abus 2018; 38:438-449. [PMID: 28723276 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2017.1356797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being able to measure the acute effects of alcohol consumption on psychomotor functions in natural settings could be useful in injury prevention interventions. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of collecting app-based measures of information processing, working memory, and gait stability during times of typical alcohol consumption among young adults. METHODS Ten young adults (aged 21-26) with hazardous drinking completed a baseline assessment and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) on 4 consecutive Fridays and Saturdays, every hour from 8 pm to 12 am. EMA assessed alcohol consumption and perceived intoxication, followed by a digit symbol substitution task (DSST), a visuospatial working memory task (VSWMT), and a 5-step tandem gait task (TGT). Exit interviews probed user experiences. Multilevel models explored relationships between estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC; mg/dL) and DSST and VSWMT performance. RESULTS Participants completed 32% of EMA. Higher rates of noninitiation occurred later in the evening and over time. In multilevel models, higher eBAC was associated with lower DSST scores. Eight out of 10 individuals had at least 1 drinking occasion when they did not perceive any intoxication. Lower DSST scores would identify impairment in 45% of these occasions. Exit interviews indicated that adding real-time feedback on task performance could increase awareness of alcohol effects. CONCLUSIONS Collecting app-based psychomotor performance data from young adults during drinking occasions is feasible and acceptable, but strategies to reduce barriers to task initiation are needed. Mobile DSST is sensitive to eBAC levels and could identify occasions when an individual may not perceive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Suffoletto
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Akash Goyal
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Juan Carlos Puyana
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Tammy Chung
- b Department of Psychiatry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
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Structural brain anomalies in healthy adolescents in the NCANDA cohort: relation to neuropsychological test performance, sex, and ethnicity. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1302-1315. [PMID: 27722828 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural MRI of volunteers deemed "normal" following clinical interview provides a window into normal brain developmental morphology but also reveals unexpected dysmorphology, commonly known as "incidental findings." Although unanticipated, these anatomical findings raise questions regarding possible treatment that could even ultimately require neurosurgical intervention, which itself carries significant risk but may not be indicated if the anomaly is nonprogressive or of no functional consequence. Neuroradiological readings of 833 structural MRI from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) cohort found an 11.8 % incidence of brain structural anomalies, represented proportionately across the five collection sites and ethnic groups. Anomalies included 26 mega cisterna magna, 15 subarachnoid cysts, 12 pineal cysts, 12 white matter dysmorphologies, 5 tonsillar ectopias, 5 prominent perivascular spaces, 5 gray matter heterotopias, 4 pituitary masses, 4 excessively large or asymmetrical ventricles, 4 cavum septum pellucidum, 3 developmental venous anomalies, 1 exceptionally large midsagittal vein, and single cases requiring clinical followup: cranio-cervical junction stenosis, parietal cortical mass, and Chiari I malformation. A case of possible demyelinating disorder (e.g., neuromyelitis optica or multiple sclerosis) newly emerged at the 1-year NCANDA followup, requiring clinical referral. Comparing test performance of the 98 anomalous cases with 619 anomaly-free no-to-low alcohol consuming adolescents revealed significantly lower scores on speed measures of attention and motor functions; these differences were not attributed to any one anomaly subgroup. Further, we devised an automated approach for quantifying posterior fossa CSF volumes for detection of mega cisterna magna, which represented 26.5 % of clinically identified anomalies. Automated quantification fit a Gaussian distribution with a rightward skew. Using a 3SD cut-off, quantification identified 22 of the 26 clinically-identified cases, indicating that cases with percent of CSF in the posterior-inferior-middle aspect of the posterior fossa ≥3SD merit further review, and support complementing clinical readings with objective quantitative analysis. Discovery of asymptomatic brain structural anomalies, even when no clinical action is indicated, can be disconcerting to the individual and responsible family members, raising a disclosure dilemma: refrain from relating the incidental findings to avoid unnecessary alarm or anxiety; or alternatively, relate the neuroradiological findings as "normal variants" to the study volunteers and family, thereby equipping them with knowledge for the future should they have the occasion for a brain scan following an illness or accident that the incidental findings predated the later event.
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Pfefferbaum A, Kwon D, Brumback T, Thomson WK, Cummins K, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Prouty D, De Bellis MD, Clark DB, Nagel BJ, Chu W, Park SH, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV. Altered Brain Developmental Trajectories in Adolescents After Initiating Drinking. Am J Psychiatry 2018; 175:370-380. [PMID: 29084454 PMCID: PMC6504929 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17040469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought evidence for altered adolescent brain growth trajectory associated with moderate and heavy alcohol use in a large national, multisite, prospective study of adolescents before and after initiation of appreciable alcohol use. METHOD This study examined 483 adolescents (ages 12-21) before initiation of drinking and 1 and 2 years later. At the 2-year assessment, 356 participants continued to meet the study's no/low alcohol consumption entry criteria, 65 had initiated moderate drinking, and 62 had initiated heavy drinking. MRI was used to quantify regional cortical and white matter volumes. Percent change per year (slopes) in adolescents who continued to meet no/low criteria served as developmental control trajectories against which to compare those who initiated moderate or heavy drinking. RESULTS In no/low drinkers, gray matter volume declined throughout adolescence and slowed in many regions in later adolescence. Complementing gray matter declines, white matter regions grew at faster rates at younger ages and slowed toward young adulthood. Youths who initiated heavy drinking exhibited an accelerated frontal cortical gray matter trajectory, divergent from the norm. Although significant effects on trajectories were not observed in moderate drinkers, their intermediate position between no/low and heavy drinkers suggests a dose effect. Neither marijuana co-use nor baseline volumes contributed significantly to the alcohol effect. CONCLUSIONS Initiation of drinking during adolescence, with or without marijuana co-use, disordered normal brain growth trajectories. Factors possibly contributing to abnormal cortical volume trajectories include peak consumption in the past year and family history of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wesley K. Thomson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Susan F. Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ian M. Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Michael D. De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Duncan B. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA,Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Kilian M. Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA,Correspondence Edith V. Sullivan, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine (MC5723), 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5723, phone: (650) 859-2880, FAX: (650)859-2743,
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40
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Müller-Oehring EM, Kwon D, Nagel BJ, Sullivan EV, Chu W, Rohlfing T, Prouty D, Nichols BN, Poline JB, Tapert SF, Brown SA, Cummins K, Brumback T, Colrain IM, Baker FC, De Bellis MD, Voyvodic JT, Clark DB, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM. Influences of Age, Sex, and Moderate Alcohol Drinking on the Intrinsic Functional Architecture of Adolescent Brains. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:1049-1063. [PMID: 28168274 PMCID: PMC6059181 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from adolescent to adult cognition and emotional control requires neurodevelopmental maturation likely involving intrinsic functional networks (IFNs). Normal neurodevelopment may be vulnerable to disruption from environmental insult such as alcohol consumption commonly initiated during adolescence. To test potential disruption to IFN maturation, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in 581 no-to-low alcohol-consuming and 117 moderate-to-high-drinking youth. Functional seed-to-voxel connectivity analysis assessed age, sex, and moderate alcohol drinking on default-mode, executive-control, salience, reward, and emotion networks and tested cognitive and motor coordination correlates of network connectivity. Among no-to-low alcohol-consuming adolescents, executive-control frontolimbicstriatal connectivity was stronger in older than younger adolescents, particularly boys, and predicted better ability in balance, memory, and impulse control. Connectivity patterns in moderate-to-high-drinking youth were tested mainly in late adolescence when drinking was initiated. Implicated was the emotion network with attenuated connectivity to default-mode network regions. Our cross-sectional rs-fMRI findings from this large cohort of adolescents show sexual dimorphism in connectivity and suggest neurodevelopmental rewiring toward stronger and spatially more distributed executive-control networking in older than younger adolescents. Functional network rewiring in moderate-to-high-drinking adolescents may impede maturation of affective and self-reflection systems and obscure maturation of complex social and emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Torsten Rohlfing
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - B Nolan Nichols
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James T Voyvodic
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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41
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Lisdahl KM, Sher KJ, Conway KP, Gonzalez R, Feldstein Ewing SW, Nixon SJ, Tapert S, Bartsch H, Goldstein RZ, Heitzeg M. Adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) study: Overview of substance use assessment methods. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:80-96. [PMID: 29559216 PMCID: PMC6375310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the objectives of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (https://abcdstudy.org/) is to establish a national longitudinal cohort of 9 and 10 year olds that will be followed for 10 years in order to prospectively study the risk and protective factors influencing substance use and its consequences, examine the impact of substance use on neurocognitive, health and psychosocial outcomes, and to understand the relationship between substance use and psychopathology. This article provides an overview of the ABCD Study Substance Use Workgroup, provides the goals for the workgroup, rationale for the substance use battery, and includes details on the substance use module methods and measurement tools used during baseline, 6-month and 1-year follow-up assessment time-points. Prospective, longitudinal assessment of these substance use domains over a period of ten years in a nationwide sample of youth presents an unprecedented opportunity to further understand the timing and interactive relationships between substance use and neurocognitive, health, and psychopathology outcomes in youth living in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 East Hartford Ave, 224 Garland Hall, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, United States.
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Curators' Professor of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Kevin P Conway
- Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse,6001 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Raul Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University,11200 SW 8th Street AHC-4, 461, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Mail code: DC7P, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland OR 97239, United States
| | - Sara Jo Nixon
- Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 100256, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Susan Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, United States
| | - Hauke Bartsch
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego,9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry (primary) and Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute (secondary), Chief, Brain Imaging Center (BIC), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, 1470 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Mary Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan,4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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42
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Spear LP. Effects of adolescent alcohol consumption on the brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:197-214. [PMID: 29467469 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Per occasion, alcohol consumption is higher in adolescents than in adults in both humans and laboratory animals, with changes in the adolescent brain probably contributing to this elevated drinking. This Review examines the contributors to and consequences of the use of alcohol in adolescents. Human adolescents with a history of alcohol use differ neurally and cognitively from other adolescents; some of these differences predate the commencement of alcohol consumption and serve as potential risk factors for later alcohol use, whereas others emerge from its use. The consequences of alcohol use in human adolescents include alterations in attention, verbal learning, visuospatial processing and memory, along with altered development of grey and white matter volumes and disrupted white matter integrity. The functional consequences of adolescent alcohol use emerging from studies of rodent models of adolescence include decreased cognitive flexibility, behavioural inefficiencies and elevations in anxiety, disinhibition, impulsivity and risk-taking. Rodent studies have also showed that adolescent alcohol use can impair neurogenesis, induce neuroinflammation and epigenetic alterations, and lead to the persistence of adolescent-like neurobehavioural phenotypes into adulthood. Although only a limited number of studies have examined comparable measures in humans and laboratory animals, the available data provide evidence for notable across-species similarities in the neural consequences of adolescent alcohol exposure, providing support for further translational efforts in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P Spear
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC) and Behavioural Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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43
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Pascual M, Montesinos J, Guerri C. Role of the innate immune system in the neuropathological consequences induced by adolescent binge drinking. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:765-780. [PMID: 29214654 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical stage of brain maturation in which important plastic and dynamic processes take place in different brain regions, leading to development of the adult brain. Ethanol drinking in adolescence disrupts brain plasticity and causes structural and functional changes in immature brain areas (prefrontal cortex, limbic system) that result in cognitive and behavioral deficits. These changes, along with secretion of sexual and stress-related hormones in adolescence, may impact self-control, decision making, and risk-taking behaviors that contribute to anxiety and initiation of alcohol consumption. New data support the participation of the neuroimmune system in the effects of ethanol on the developing and adult brain. This article reviews the potential pathological bases that underlie the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, such as the contribution of genetic background, the perturbation of epigenetic programming, and the influence of the neuroimmune response. Special emphasis is given to the actions of ethanol in the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), since recent studies have demonstrated that by activating the inflammatory TLR4/NFκB signaling response in glial cells, binge drinking of ethanol triggers the release of cytokines/chemokines and free radicals, which exacerbate the immune response that causes neuroinflammation/neural damage as well as short- and long-term neurophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Finally, potential treatments that target the neuroimmune response to treat the neuropathological and behavioral consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pascual
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
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44
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Clark DB, Chung T, Martin CS, Hasler BP, Fitzgerald DH, Luna B, Brown SA, Tapert SF, Brumback T, Cummins K, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Pohl KM, Colrain IM, Baker FC, De Bellis MD, Nooner KB, Nagel BJ. Adolescent Executive Dysfunction in Daily Life: Relationships to Risks, Brain Structure and Substance Use. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:223. [PMID: 29180956 PMCID: PMC5694208 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During adolescence, problems reflecting cognitive, behavioral and affective dysregulation, such as inattention and emotional dyscontrol, have been observed to be associated with substance use disorder (SUD) risks and outcomes. Prior studies have typically been with small samples, and have typically not included comprehensive measurement of executive dysfunction domains. The relationships of executive dysfunction in daily life with performance based testing of cognitive skills and structural brain characteristics, thought to be the basis for executive functioning, have not been definitively determined. The aims of this study were to determine the relationships between executive dysfunction in daily life, measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), cognitive skills and structural brain characteristics, and SUD risks, including a global SUD risk indicator, sleep quality, and risky alcohol and cannabis use. In addition to bivariate relationships, multivariate models were tested. The subjects (n = 817; ages 12 through 21) were participants in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. The results indicated that executive dysfunction was significantly related to SUD risks, poor sleep quality, risky alcohol use and cannabis use, and was not significantly related to cognitive skills or structural brain characteristics. In multivariate models, the relationship between poor sleep quality and risky substance use was mediated by executive dysfunction. While these cross-sectional relationships need to be further examined in longitudinal analyses, the results suggest that poor sleep quality and executive dysfunction may be viable preventive intervention targets to reduce adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christopher S Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Douglas H Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | | | - Kate B Nooner
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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45
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Rupp CI, Derntl B, Osthaus F, Kemmler G, Fleischhacker WW. Impact of Social Cognition on Alcohol Dependence Treatment Outcome: Poorer Facial Emotion Recognition Predicts Relapse/Dropout. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:2197-2206. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I. Rupp
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics; Division of Psychiatry I; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Medical University Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- LEAD Graduate School; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Friederike Osthaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics; Division of Psychiatry I; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics; Division of Psychiatry I; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics; Division of Psychiatry I; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
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46
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Tervo-Clemmens B, Quach A, Luna B, Foran W, Chung T, De Bellis MD, Clark DB. Neural Correlates of Rewarded Response Inhibition in Youth at Risk for Problematic Alcohol Use. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:205. [PMID: 29163079 PMCID: PMC5675888 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with poor response inhibition and heightened reward sensitivity. During adolescence, incentives improve performance on response inhibition tasks and increase recruitment of cortical control areas (Geier et al., 2010) associated with SUD (Chung et al., 2011). However, it is unknown whether incentives moderate the relationship between response inhibition and trait-level psychopathology and personality features of substance use risk. We examined these associations in the current project using a rewarded antisaccade (AS) task (Geier et al., 2010) in youth at risk for substance use. Participants were 116 adolescents and young adults (ages 12–21) from the University of Pittsburgh site of the National Consortium on Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Alcohol [NCANDA] study, with neuroimaging data collected at baseline and 1 year follow up visits. Building upon previous work using this task in normative developmental samples (Geier et al., 2010) and adolescents with SUD (Chung et al., 2011), we examined both trial-wise BOLD responses and those associated with individual task-epochs (cue presentation, response preparation, and response) and associated them with multiple substance use risk factors (externalizing and internalizing psychopathology, family history of substance use, and trait impulsivity). Results showed that externalizing psychopathology and high levels of trait impulsivity (positive urgency, SUPPS-P) were associated with general decreases in antisaccade performance. Accompanying this main effect of poor performance, positive urgency was associated with reduced recruitment of the frontal eye fields (FEF) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in both a priori regions of interest and at the voxelwise level. Consistent with previous work, monetary incentive improved antisaccade behavioral performance and was associated with increased activation in the striatum and cortical control areas. However, incentives did not moderate the association between response inhibition behavioral performance and any trait-level psychopathology and personality factor of substance use risk. Reward interactions were observed for BOLD responses at the task-epoch level, however, they were inconsistent across substance use risk types. The results from this study may suggest poor response inhibition and heightened reward sensitivity are not overlapping neurocognitive features of substance use risk. Alternatively, more subtle, common longitudinal processes might jointly explain reward sensitivity and response inhibition deficits in substance use risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alina Quach
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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47
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Goldstone A, Willoughby AR, de Zambotti M, Franzen PL, Kwon D, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Müller-Oehring EM, Prouty DE, Hasler BP, Clark DB, Colrain IM, Baker FC. The mediating role of cortical thickness and gray matter volume on sleep slow-wave activity during adolescence. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:669-685. [PMID: 28913599 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During the course of adolescence, reductions occur in cortical thickness and gray matter (GM) volume, along with a 65% reduction in slow-wave (delta) activity during sleep (SWA) but empirical data linking these structural brain and functional sleep differences, is lacking. Here, we investigated specifically whether age-related differences in cortical thickness and GM volume and cortical thickness accounted for the typical age-related difference in slow-wave (delta) activity (SWA) during sleep. 132 healthy participants (age 12-21 years) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence study were included in this cross-sectional analysis of baseline polysomnographic, electroencephalographic, and magnetic resonance imaging data. By applying mediation models, we identified a large, direct effect of age on SWA in adolescents, which explained 45% of the variance in ultra-SWA (0.3-1 Hz) and 52% of the variance in delta-SWA (1 to <4 Hz), where SWA was lower in older adolescents, as has been reported previously. In addition, we provide evidence that the structure of several, predominantly frontal, and parietal brain regions, partially mediated this direct age effect, models including measures of brain structure explained an additional 3-9% of the variance in ultra-SWA and 4-5% of the variance in delta-SWA, with no differences between sexes. Replacing age with pubertal status in models produced similar results. As reductions in GM volume and cortical thickness likely indicate synaptic pruning and myelination, these results suggest that diminished SWA in older, more mature adolescents may largely be driven by such processes within a number of frontal and parietal brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Goldstone
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Adrian R Willoughby
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Massimiliano de Zambotti
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Devin E Prouty
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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48
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Jones SA, Steele JS, Nagel BJ. Binge drinking and family history of alcoholism are associated with an altered developmental trajectory of impulsive choice across adolescence. Addiction 2017; 112:1184-1192. [PMID: 28317212 PMCID: PMC5461183 DOI: 10.1111/add.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test whether binge drinking, the density of familial alcoholism (FHD) and their interaction are associated with an altered developmental trajectory of impulsive choice across adolescence, and whether more life-time drinks are associated with a greater change in impulsive choice across age. DESIGN Alcohol-naive adolescents, with varying degrees of FHD, were recruited as part of an ongoing longitudinal study on adolescent development, and were grouped based on whether they remained non-drinkers (n = 83) or initiated binge drinking (n = 33) during follow-up. During all visits, adolescents completed a monetary delay discounting task to measure impulsive choice. The effects of binge-drinking status, FHD and their interaction on impulsive choice across adolescence were tested. SETTING Developmental Brain Imaging Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 116 healthy male and female adolescents (ages 10-17 years at baseline) completed two to four visits between July 2008 and May 2016. MEASUREMENTS Discounting rates were obtained based on adolescents' preference for immediate or delayed rewards. FHD was based on parent-reported prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the participant's first- and second-degree relatives. Binge-drinking status was determined based on the number of recent binge-drinking episodes. FINDINGS There was a significant interaction effect of binge-drinking status and FHD on impulsive choice across age (b = 1.090, P < 0.05, β = 0.298). In adolescents who remained alcohol-naive, greater FHD was associated with a steeper decrease in discounting rates across adolescence (b = -0.633, P < 0.05, β = -0.173); however, this effect was not present in binge-drinkers. Furthermore, total life-time drinks predicted escalated impulsive choice (b = 0.002, P < 0.05, β = 0.295) in binge-drinking adolescents. CONCLUSIONS A greater degree of familial alcoholism is associated with a steeper decline in impulsive choice across adolescence, but only in those who remain alcohol-naive. Meanwhile, more life-time drinks during adolescence is associated with increases in impulsive choice across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jones
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University
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49
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Kim-Spoon J, Kahn RE, Lauharatanahirun N, Deater-Deckard K, Bickel WK, Chiu PH, King-Casas B. Executive functioning and substance use in adolescence: Neurobiological and behavioral perspectives. Neuropsychologia 2017; 100:79-92. [PMID: 28416327 PMCID: PMC5518609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current review is guided by the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the regulating role of executive functioning (Carver et al., 2009) and presents studies that elucidate the ways that executive functioning (inhibition and working memory) explain individual differences in adolescent substance use independently or by regulating the reactive system (reward and punishment sensitivity). Behavioral studies indicate that main effects of executive functioning on adolescent substance use are often nonsignificant or weak in effect sizes. In contrast, emerging evidence suggests consistent and stronger regulating effects of executive functioning over reward and punishment sensitivity. Functional neuroimaging studies reveal significant associations between executive functioning task-related hemodynamic responses and substance use with strong effect sizes. There is also direct evidence from studies testing statistical interactions of the regulating effects of EF-related brain activation, and indirect evidence in studies examining functional connectivity, temporal discounting, and reinforced control. We note key future directions and ways to address limitations in existing work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel E Kahn
- Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nina Lauharatanahirun
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Pearl H Chiu
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Brooks King-Casas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, United States
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50
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Sullivan EV, Brumback T, Tapert SF, Prouty D, Fama R, Thompson WK, Brown SA, Cummins K, Colrain IM, Baker FC, Clark DB, Chung T, De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Nagel BJ, Nichols BN, Chu W, Kwon D, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A. Effects of prior testing lasting a full year in NCANDA adolescents: Contributions from age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, site, family history of alcohol or drug abuse, and baseline performance. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 24:72-83. [PMID: 28214667 PMCID: PMC5429199 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal study provides a robust method for tracking developmental trajectories. Yet inherent problems of retesting pose challenges in distinguishing biological developmental change from prior testing experience. We examined factors potentially influencing change scores on 16 neuropsychological test composites over 1 year in 568 adolescents in the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) project. The twice-minus-once-tested method revealed that performance gain was mainly attributable to testing experience (practice) with little contribution from predicted developmental effects. Group mean practice slopes for 13 composites indicated that 60% to ∼100% variance was attributable to test experience; General Ability accuracy showed the least practice effect (29%). Lower baseline performance, especially in younger participants, was a strong predictor of greater gain. Contributions from age, sex, ethnicity, examination site, socioeconomic status, or family history of alcohol/substance abuse were nil to small, even where statistically significant. Recognizing that a substantial proportion of change in longitudinal testing, even over 1-year, is attributable to testing experience indicates caution against assuming that performance gain observed during periods of maturation necessarily reflects development. Estimates of testing experience, a form of learning, may be a relevant metric for detecting interim influences, such as alcohol use or traumatic episodes, on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Ty Brumback
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Cummins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Tammy Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Healthy Childhood Brain Development Research Program, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - B Nolan Nichols
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States
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