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Cartagena-Reyes MA, Gupta M, Roy JM, Solomon E, Yenokyan G, Fogam L, Nazario-Ferrer GI, Elnemer WG, Park S, Skolasky RL, Jain A. Gender diversity at spine surgery academic conferences: a 15-year investigation. Spine J 2024; 24:1369-1377. [PMID: 38081462 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Enhancing gender diversity at academic conferences is critical for advancing women's representation and career trajectories in spine surgery. PURPOSE To discover trends in women's representation at major spine conferences over a 15-year period. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Conference records from the 2007-2021 annual meetings of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, North American Spine Society, and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS). PATIENT SAMPLE Authors of spine-related presentations. OUTCOME MEASURES Authorship by gender. METHODS Retrospective bibliometric analysis with univariate and multivariate modeling to identify trends and predictors of gender diversity. RESULTS Among 8,948 presentations, 750 (8.4%) had female first authors and 618 (6.9%) had female senior authors. There was no change in rates of female first authorship (p=.41) or senior authorship (p=.88) over time. The strongest predictors of female first authorship were having a female senior author (OR 7.32, p<.001), and delivering presentations at SRS (OR 1.95, p=.001). Factors negatively associated with female first authorship included poster format (OR 0.82, p=.039) and conference location in the United States/Canada (OR 0.76, p=.045). Similar trends were encountered for senior authorship. Productivity per senior author was similar between genders (p=.160); whereas a gender gap in productivity per first author during 2007 to 2011 (p=.020) equalized by 2017 to 2021 (p=.300). Among the 10 most productive authors of each gender, male authors delivered more presentations, but all authors shared similar format, content, and location. CONCLUSIONS Women's representation in spine-related presentations did not increase at three major conferences over a 15-year period. Our findings regarding the positive effects of female mentorship, and international or virtual venues merit further investigation to address the gender gap. The upstream pipeline of recruiting women into academic spine surgery also needs to be addressed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Cartagena-Reyes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 5230, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mihir Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 5230, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joanna M Roy
- Topiwala National Medical College, 1 Dr. AL Nair Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 40008, India
| | - Eric Solomon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 5230, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gayane Yenokyan
- Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lora Fogam
- Windsor University School of Medicine, 455 California Ave, Windsor, Ontario N9B2Y9, Canada
| | | | - William G Elnemer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 5230, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - SangJun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, 145 Anam-Ro, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard L Skolasky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 5230, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N Caroline St, JHOC 5230, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Cody K, Scott JM, Simmer-Beck M. Examining the mental health of university students: A quantitative and qualitative approach to identifying prevalence, associations, stressors, and interventions. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:776-786. [PMID: 35380931 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2057192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation that would place university students at risk for mental health disorders. To explore the source of stressors and possible interventions that may benefit student mental health in a university setting. PARTICIPANTS University students (n = 483) who had been learning remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A mixed-methods cross-sectional survey was administered in 2020. RESULTS Students were at an increased rate of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation as compared to the general population. Female gender, lack of social support, living alone, being a first-generation college student and COVID-19 were significantly associated with mental health disorders. Stressors were identified and categorized into themes and interventions were recognized that may improve student well-being. CONCLUSION Students enrolled in university programs appear to experience significant amounts of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additional mental health education, resources, and support is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Cody
- Department of Dental Public Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - JoAnna M Scott
- Office of Research and Graduate Programs, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Melanie Simmer-Beck
- Department of Dental Public Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Rasic G, Morris-Wiseman LF, Ortega G, Dent D, Nfonsam V, Arora TK. Effective Mentoring Across Differences-Best Practices and Effective Models to Address the Needs of Underrepresented Trainees in Surgical Residency Programs. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:1242-1252. [PMID: 37460368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentorship plays a critical role in the career development of surgical trainees and faculty. As the surgical workforce continues to diversify, mentoring trainees who differ) race, ethnicity, country of origin, socioeconomic status, educational background, religion, gender, sexual orientation or ability) can pose challenges to the experience for both mentor and mentee. OBJECTIVE The aim of this manuscript is to introduce surgical educators to the systemic barriers faced by trainees and to models of effective mentorship. METHODS At the 2022 APDS Meeting, a panel convened to highlight the current challenges of mentoring across differences and effective models for surgical educators. This paper highlights and expands the summary of this panel. RESULTS Examples of novel mentoring models are described. CONCLUSIONS Acknowledgment of barriers, Implementation of deliberate mentoring strategies, and collaboration with national surgical organizations and surgery departments and faculty may help to reduce physician attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Rasic
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lilah F Morris-Wiseman
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gezzer Ortega
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Dent
- Department of Surgery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Tania K Arora
- Department of Surgery, Augusta University at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.
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McGee RE, Blumberg HM, Ziegler TR, Ofotokun I, Bhatti PT, Paulsen DF, Quarshie A, Somanath PR, Comeau DL. Mentor training for junior faculty: a brief evaluation report from the Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance. J Investig Med 2023; 71:577-585. [PMID: 37085987 PMCID: PMC10989736 DOI: 10.1177/10815589231168601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
To provide a foundation for mentoring, junior faculty participated in a mentor training workshop informed by the Mentoring Clinical and Translational Researchers curriculum. The goal was to develop skills and behaviors that engender more rewarding and inclusive mentoring practices. Attendees responded to baseline and follow-up surveys assessing perceived mentoring skills. Follow-up surveys included closed- and open-ended questions about the value and satisfaction of the training, and intended behavior changes. Junior faculty respondents (n = 39) reported significantly higher overall mentoring skills after the training (t = -2.6, p = 0.012) with a medium effect size (Cohen's D = 0.59). Domains with statistically significant improvement from baseline to follow-up included aligning mentor-mentee expectations and assessing understanding. Thirty-eighty (97%) found the training valuable, and 32 (82%) indicated they would change mentoring-related behaviors because of the training. Intended behavior changes described in open-ended responses aligned with mentoring skills assessed (e.g., aligning expectations). An additional competency domain of evaluating mentoring relationships was also described. A mentor training workshop for junior faculty appeared to contribute to changes in mentoring skills and intended behaviors. Mentor training has the potential to enhance mentorship, which is critical to strengthening a diverse pipeline of clinical and translational science researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E McGee
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Henry M Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela T Bhatti
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Douglas F Paulsen
- Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander Quarshie
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Dawn L Comeau
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Bath EP, Brown K, Harris C, Guerrero A, Kozman D, Flippen CC, Garraway I, Watson K, Holly L, Godoy SM, Norris K, Wyatt G. For us by us: Instituting mentorship models that credit minoritized medical faculty expertise and lived experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:966193. [PMID: 36341236 PMCID: PMC9634999 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.966193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The woefully low proportion of scientists and clinicians underrepresented in medicine (UIM), including members of African-American/Black, Hispanic/Latinx, American Indian/Alaska Native or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander communities, is well characterized and documented. Diversity in medicine is not only just, but it improves quality and outcomes. Yet, diversity in academic medicine remains stagnant, despite national recognition and urgent calls to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion across health sciences. One strategy that has shown to improve diversity in many sectors is high quality mentoring. While many institutions have adopted mentoring programs, there remains a lack of mentorship that is equitable, individualized, and sets a clear timeline for academic milestones that will position UIM mentees at the optimal trajectory for promotion and retention. A barrier to assembling these programs is the small number of UIM among the senior faculty ranks who are able to serve in this role, given the disproportionate burden to serve on a multitude of academic committees, task forces, and workgroups to fulfill institutional mandates to diversify representation. These time-consuming services, documented in the literature as the "minority tax," are generally uncompensated and unaccounted for in terms of consideration for promotion, leadership positions, and other measures of career advancement. The Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Academic Mentors (JAM) Council represents a novel, culturally responsive, and anti-racist approach to achieve a more equitable and inclusive institutional environment. This approach strategically leverages the intergenerational wisdom and experience of senior UIM faculty via time-protected effort with the overall goals of improving rates of promotion, retention, and career satisfaction of early career UIM colleagues. This community case study describes the rationale, resources needed, processes, and proposed workflow required to launch the JAM Council, as well as the major roles and responsibilities for JAM mentors and mentees, which may be considered by academic medical centers focused on improving diversity among the faculty ranks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eraka P. Bath
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Brown
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina Harris
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alma Guerrero
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Kozman
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles C. Flippen
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isla Garraway
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Urology, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Karol Watson
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Langston Holly
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah M. Godoy
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Keith Norris
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gail Wyatt
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Visions by WIMIN: Global Mentorship to Retain Underrepresented Trainees. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:519-525. [PMID: 35301641 PMCID: PMC8929712 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mentorship is a fundamental aspect that contributes to the success of a career in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), particularly in academia. Research suggests that underrepresented minorities (URMs) often experience less quality mentorship and face barriers to finding successful mentor–mentee relationships. URM trainees in STEM face challenges that are not encountered by their majority peers or mentors, adding another level of complexity to establishing important relationships. Mentors of URM trainees must therefore mentor beyond general scientific training and tailor their mentorship to be more culturally appropriate and inclusive, allowing URM trainees to bring their whole selves to the table and leading to their effective socialization. Herein, we present the perspectives of group leaders and trainees from around the globe to highlight key aspects of creating successful mentor–mentee relationships that are sustainable and productive for both parties.
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7
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Moerchen V, Taylor-DeOliveira L, Dietrich M, Armstrong A, Azeredo J, Belcher H, Copeland-Linder N, Fernandes P, Kuo A, Noble C, Olaleye O, Salihu H, Waters CR, Brown C, Reddy MM. Maternal and Child Health Pipeline Training Programs: A Description of Training Across 6 Funded Programs. Matern Child Health J 2022; 26:137-146. [PMID: 35286520 PMCID: PMC9482602 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The HRSA-funded maternal and child health pipeline training programs (MCHPTPs) are a response to the critical need to diversify the MCH workforce, as a strategy to reduce health disparities in MCH populations. These MCHPTPs support students from undergraduate to graduate education and ultimately into the MCH workforce. Description The models and components of training across the six MCHPTPs funded in 2016–2021 are summarized, to examine the design and delivery of undergraduate pipeline training and the insights gained across programs. Assessment Strategies that emerged across training programs were organized into three themes: recruitment, support for student persistence (in education), and pipeline-to-workforce intentionality. Support for student persistence included financial support, mentoring, creating opportunity for students to develop a sense of belonging, and the use of research as a tool to promote learning and competitiveness for graduate education. Finally, the link to Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) long-term training and other MCHB opportunities for professional development contributed significant nuance to the pipeline-to-workforce objectives of these programs. Conclusions The MCHPTPs not only increase the diversity of the MCH workforce, they also actively prepare the next generation of MCH leaders. The intentional connection of undergraduates to the infrastructure and continuum of MCH training, underscores the comprehensive impact of this funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moerchen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3409 N Downer Ave, Pavilion 366, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA.
| | - L Taylor-DeOliveira
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3409 N Downer Ave, Pavilion 366, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - M Dietrich
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3409 N Downer Ave, Pavilion 366, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | | | - J Azeredo
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H Belcher
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Copeland-Linder
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Fernandes
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Kuo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Noble
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,University of North Texas, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - O Olaleye
- Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Salihu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C R Waters
- Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - C Brown
- (MR)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M M Reddy
- (MR)U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Rockville, MD, USA
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A Call to Transform Maternal and Child Health Mentorship to Build Inclusivity, Honor Diversity of Experiences, and Tackle the Root of Health Disparities. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:78-81. [PMID: 34773543 PMCID: PMC8590115 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mentorship should be a transformative experience that propels mentees from one point in their career to another and drives personal growth. Within the field of maternal and child health (MCH), it is considered a critical professional duty. However, MCH has yet to explicitly embrace mentorship practice as a means to address workforce challenges including turnover, knowledge loss, and undue burden on the part of historically oppressed individuals and communities to overturn oppressive systems. Call to Action We advocate for public calls for diversity and equity to be met with strategic enhancement of the practice of MCH mentorship. Transformative MCH mentorship should be used to promote positive identity formation, understanding of self in context, efficacy, and sustained commitment to working with MCH populations in ways that are inclusive and prevent the perpetration of the problematic power dynamics that lead to inequitable outcomes. Recommendations We present recommendations to strengthen MCH mentorship practice. At the individual level, there should be a refreshment of norms and expectations, where mentorship is seen as a uniquely flexible opportunity for mutual learning. At the organizational level, embedding mentorship in all aspects of practice helps establish and sustain a culture of belonging. This transformative organizational culture can attract and retain future generations of professionals that are not only more representative of the populations that MCH programs support but are prepared to authentically elevate the needs and strengths of those populations. These suggestions incorporate best practices from other fields and include ideas for the MCH field in particular.
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Landry MJ, Bailey DA, Ervin A. You Are Not an Impostor: The Registered Dietitian Nutritionist and Impostor Phenomenon. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:625-630. [PMID: 33775568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Impostor phenomenon (IP) interferes with the desire for taking advantage of career opportunities and pursuing career advancement. There is robust literature describing the effects of IP in other health care professions, yet an absence of research exists on IP within the nutrition and dietetics profession. This perspective will explore why nutrition and dietetics professionals may experience IP, specify what might be done to mitigate the negative effects of IP, and describe future research directions. Impostorism is an understudied phenomenon that could have significant implications for the profession of nutrition and dietetics on an individual and systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Landry
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
| | | | - Audrey Ervin
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Delaware Valley University, Doylestown, PA
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A Model for Strengthening Mentors: Frames and Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126465. [PMID: 34203753 PMCID: PMC8296284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The extensive body of literature on mentoring has largely ignored the developmental needs of mentors themselves. This conceptual and practice-oriented paper asks mentors and others to consider the needs of mentors who may or may not arrive ready to deal with the challenges of being effective mentors. The authors ask: how should mentors think about their own growth and development? Drawing on a broad spectrum of academic literatures, three frames are proposed for guiding mentors’ thinking about themselves and four practices to spur their continuous improvement. The three frames are a simultaneous dual focus on people and tasks as mentors exercise leadership; an inclusive mind-set that works across the multidimensionality of identities in others and themselves; and a keen sense of the threats and rewards of managing the perceptions of others. We recommend the use of four practices for self-examination: engage in structured self-reflection; participate in standardized assessments to see others and one’s self differently; build peer support among colleagues; and ask for feedback in concrete terms. We conclude by offering the benefits and challenges as mentors engage in the difficult work of acquiring in-depth self-awareness.
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11
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Kim JHJ, Lu Q, Stanton AL. Overcoming constraints of the model minority stereotype to advance Asian American health. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021; 76:611-626. [PMID: 34410738 PMCID: PMC8384115 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asian Americans are the fastest growing U.S. immigrant group, projected to become the largest immigrant group by 2065, but the quantity of research on Asian Americans' health has not mirrored changing demographics. Asian Americans have been understudied for more than 25 years, with only 0.17% of National Institutes of Health (NIH) expenditures allocated to projects including Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations (Ðoàn et al., 2019). This disproportionality may result in part from the model minority stereotype (MMS) being extended to health, perpetuating the ideas that Asian Americans are well-positioned with regard to health status and that associated research is not essential. Accordingly, the aims for this article are threefold: (a) bring attention to the inadequate representation of the Asian American population in health-related science, (b) question the MMS in health, and (c) outline potential pathways through which the MMS limits what is knowable on Asian American health issues and needs. We discuss the limited meaningfulness of nonrepresentative aggregated statistics purporting the model minority image and provide counterexamples. We also present a stereotype-constraints model with the MMS contributing to a bottleneck for Asian American health-related knowledge, accompanied by present-day circumstances (e.g., sparse data, few psychologists/behavioral medicine scientists focused on Asian American health). We conclude with initial recommendations for addressing MMS-associated constraints in psychology and more broadly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Health Disparities Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Annette L. Stanton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles
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12
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Loeb TB, Ebor MT, Smith-Clapham AM, Chin D, Novacek DM, Hampton-Anderson JN, Norwood-Scott E, Hamilton AB, Brown AF, Wyatt GE. How Mental Health Professionals Can Address Disparities in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 27:60-69. [PMID: 34025223 PMCID: PMC8132617 DOI: 10.1037/trm0000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unparalleled crisis, yet also a unique opportunity for mental health professionals to address and prioritize mental and physical health disparities that disproportionately impact marginalized populations. Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) have long experienced structural racism and oppression, resulting in disproportionately high rates of trauma, poverty, and chronic diseases that span generations and are associated with increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates. The current pandemic, with the potential of conferring new trauma exposure, interacts with and exacerbates existing disparities. To assist mental health professionals in offering more comprehensive services and programs for those who have minimal resources and the most profound barriers to care, four critical areas are highlighted as being historically problematic and essential to address: (a) recognizing psychology's role in institutionalizing disparities; (b) examining race/ethnicity as a critical variable; (c) proactively tackling growing mental health problems amidst the COVID-19 crisis; and (d) understanding the importance of incorporating historical trauma and discrimination in research and practice. Recommendations are provided to promote equity at the structural (e.g., nationwide, federal), professional (e.g., the mental health professions), and individual (e.g., practitioners, researchers) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamra Burns Loeb
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Megan T Ebor
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Amber M Smith-Clapham
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Dorothy Chin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Derek M Novacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
- Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90073
| | - Joya N Hampton-Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Enricka Norwood-Scott
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Alison B Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
- Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation, and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90073
| | - Arleen F Brown
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research (GIM and HSR), University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
- Division of GIM and HSR, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA, 91342
| | - Gail E Wyatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
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13
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Roberts SE, Nehemiah A, Butler PD, Terhune K, Aarons CB. Mentoring Residents Underrepresented in Medicine: Strategies to Ensure Success. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:361-365. [PMID: 32839148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a framework for effective mentorship of residents underrepresented in medicine (UIM) situated in the context of their experiences in healthcare teams. DESIGN A perspective summarizing the important elements for the effective mentorship of UIM residents. CONCLUSION Mentorship of trainees is of profound importance in medical education as it provides tangible benefits for professional and personal development. However, given their unique experiences and position in our teams as well as the larger healthcare construct, the mentorship of UIM residents requires special consideration and focus. Implementing programs that foster diversity, cross-cultural mentorship, and sponsorship are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanford E Roberts
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ariel Nehemiah
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paris D Butler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyla Terhune
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cary B Aarons
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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14
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Bierema LL. HRD research and practice after ‘The Great COVID-19 Pause’: the time is now for bold, critical, research. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2020.1779912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Bierema
- Department of Lifelong Education, Administration and Policy, Program in Adult Learning, Leadership, and Organization Development, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Smolock E, Robert J. Broadening and Strengthening Underrepresented Group Inclusion in Immunological Research. Front Immunol 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32256499 PMCID: PMC7089953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting diversity across biomedical fields is crucial for building comprehensive and innovative research programs, as well as providing trainees from underrepresented groups (URGs) the ability to establish agency and develop skills in a culturally and structurally supportive environment. Despite this awareness, there is still a lack of students from URGs being trained for independent research careers. The Immunology, Microbiology, and Virology (IMV) graduate program at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry (URSMD) has been working for the last 13 years to increase diversity through an NIH funded Post-baccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP). Historically, our program has trained URG scholars in Immunology, but as we have progressed we have embraced the understanding that both the scholars and the institution benefit from expanding the interdisciplinary nature of our program. Over the last 3 years, we have integrated a broader and highly collaborative faculty mentor pool, including representation from Immunology, Microbiology, Virology, Neuroscience, Genetics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Toxicology, and Biomedical Engineering. This expansion, coupled with changes in our education program, including skill building workshops and cross campus integration with our student diversity groups and the Office of Diversity and Inclusion, has strengthened the competitiveness and success of our cohorts. These improvements are enhancing the diversity of our graduate school, creating a research environment that retains students from URGs in biomedical research. We attribute our success to the interdisciplinary and team-building nature of our pipeline program, as well as the URSMD's initiatives to be a more inclusive and equitable institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Smolock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.,Center for Professional Development, Graduate Education and Postdoctoral Affairs, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
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