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Burghart M, Schmidt S, Mier D. Executive functions in psychopathy: a meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance. Psychol Med 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39229691 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Much research has focused on executive function (EF) impairments in psychopathy, a severe personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, antisocial behavior, and a disregard for social norms and moral values. However, it is still unclear to what extent EF deficits are present across psychopathy factors and, more importantly, which EF domains are impaired. The current meta-analysis answers these questions by synthesizing the results of 50 studies involving 5,694 participants from 12 different countries. Using multilevel random-effects models, we pooled effect sizes (Cohen's d) for five different EF domains: overall EF, inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory. Moreover, differences between psychopathy factors were evaluated. Our analyses revealed small deficits in overall EF, inhibition, and planning performance. However, a closer inspection of psychopathy factors indicated that EF deficits were specific to lifestyle/antisocial traits, such as disinhibition. Conversely, interpersonal/affective traits, such as boldness, showed no deficits and in some cases even improved EF performance. These findings suggest that EF deficits are not a key feature of psychopathy per se, but rather are related to antisociality and disinhibitory traits. Potential brain correlates of these findings as well as implications for future research and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Burghart
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergej Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniela Mier
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Rodriguez SN, Gullapalli AR, Maurer JM, Tirrell PS, Egala U, Anderson NE, Harenski CL, Kiehl KA. Quantitative Head Dynamics Associated with Interpersonal (Grandiose-Manipulative) Psychopathic Traits in Incarcerated Youth. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022; 44:1054-1063. [PMID: 37008299 PMCID: PMC10065468 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians have long noted that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits can be characterized by unique interpersonal styles, including prolonged eye contact, invasion of interpersonal space, and frequent use of hand gestures. Such forms of nonverbal communication can be measured via hand, body, and head position and dynamics. Previous studies have developed an automated algorithm designed to capture head position and dynamics from digital recordings of clinical interviews in a sample of incarcerated adult men. We observed that higher psychopathy scores were associated with stationary head dwell time. Here, we applied a similar automated algorithm to assess head position and dynamics on videotaped clinical interviews assessing psychopathic traits from n = 242 youth housed at a maximum-security juvenile correctional facility. We observed that higher psychopathy scores (assessed via the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]) were associated with unique patterns of head dynamics. Specifically, PCL:YV Total, Factor 1 (measuring grandiose-manipulative and callous-unemotional traits), and Facet 1 (measuring grandiose-manipulative traits) scores were associated with a higher proportion of time spent in a head dynamics pattern consisting of moderate movement away from the average head position. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations to apply quantitative methods to better understand patterns of nonverbal communication styles in clinical populations characterized by severe antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N. Rodriguez
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Palmer S. Tirrell
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ugesh Egala
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Kent A. Kiehl
- University of New Mexico, Department of Psychology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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3
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Gillespie SM, Lee J, Williams R, Jones A. Psychopathy and response inhibition: A meta-analysis of go/no-go and stop signal task performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104868. [PMID: 36113781 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional and more modern conceptualizations of psychopathy cite problems with impulse control. However, the extent to which these problems represent a cardinal feature of the disorder has been debated. In this study, we conducted a preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis, searching Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed, for studies from inception to January 6th, 2022. We included 21 studies, published between 2009 and 2021, that reported on the relationship of psychopathy with performance on the go/no-go or stop signal task. A multilevel random-effects meta-analysis, including 43 effect sizes from 17 studies (total N = 1394), showed a significant pooled association between psychopathy and response inhibition r = -0.143 (95 % CI: -0.250 to -0.034). The relatively small effect size, although statistically significant, calls in to question the extent to which difficulties in response inhibition should be considered a cardinal feature of psychopathic personality. The strength of the relationship did not significantly differ between non-criminal and criminal samples, gender, task type, tasks with or without an affective component, or by psychopathy trait dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Gillespie
- Department of Primary care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK.
| | - Jessica Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachael Williams
- Department of Primary care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, UK
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4
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Delfin C, Wallinius M, Björnsdotter M, Ruzich E, Andiné P. Prolonged NoGo P3 latency as a possible neurobehavioral correlate of aggressive and antisocial behaviors: A Go/NoGo ERP study. Biol Psychol 2021; 168:108245. [PMID: 34958853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive and antisocial behaviors are detrimental to society and constitute major challenges in forensic mental health settings, yet the associated neural circuitry remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated differences in aggressive and antisocial behaviors between healthy controls (n = 20) and violent mentally disordered offenders (MDOs; n = 26), and examined associations between aggressive and antisocial behaviors, behavioral inhibitory control, and neurophysiological activity across the whole sample (n = 46). Event-related potentials were obtained using EEG while participants completed a Go/NoGo response inhibition task, and aggressive and antisocial behaviors were assessed with the Life History of Aggression (LHA) instrument. Using a robust Bayesian linear regression approach, we found that MDOs scored substantially higher than healthy controls on LHA Aggression and Antisocial subscales. Using the whole sample and after adjusting for age, we found that scores on the LHA Aggression and Antisocial subscales were robustly associated with longer NoGo P3 latency, and less robustly with longer NoGo N2 latency. Post-hoc analyzes suggested that healthy controls and MDOs exhibited similar associations. With several limitations in mind, we suggest that prolonged NoGo P3 latency, reflecting decreased neural efficiency during the later stages of conflict monitoring or outcome evaluation, is a potential neurobehavioral correlate of aggressive and antisocial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden.
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Department of Affective Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily Ruzich
- MedTech West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Andiné
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Montry KM, Simmonite M, Steele VR, Brook MA, Kiehl KA, Kosson DS. Phonological processing in psychopathic offenders. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 168:43-51. [PMID: 34358580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.07.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that psychopathic offenders exhibit dynamic cognitive and behavioral deficits on a variety of lab tasks that differentially activate left hemisphere resources. The Left Hemisphere Activation (LHA) hypothesis is a cognitive perspective that aims to address these deficits by conceptualizing psychopathy as a disorder in which behavior and cognitive processing change dynamically as a function of the differential taxation of left hemisphere resources. This study aimed to investigate whether psychopathic traits are associated with electrophysiological anomalies under conditions that place differential demands on left hemisphere language processing systems. We examined in a sample of 43 incarcerated indivdiuals the evocation of the N320, an event-related potential (ERP) elicited by nontarget stimuli during a phonological/phonetic decision task that has been shown to elicit greater activation and cognitive processing within the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere. Findings for a subsample of 18 offenders low in psychopathic traits were generally consistent with previous findings in healthy individuals, suggesting similar electrophysiological activity during phonological processing. However, psychopathic traits impacted the amplitude of the N320. Higher levels of psychopathic traits were associated with reduced left-lateralization in phonological processing as well as enhanced ERP differentiation between pronounceable and nonpronounceable stimuli. These findings provide physiological evidence of a relationship between psychopathic traits and anomalous language processing at the phonological level of word processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly Simmonite
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 200 Retreat Ave, Whitehall Building, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Michael A Brook
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall, Suite 1314, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The non-profit MIND Research Network, an affiliate of Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Departments of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Law, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico MSC03 2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - David S Kosson
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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6
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Response-locked component of error monitoring in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of error-related negativity/positivity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:104-119. [PMID: 33497788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that psychopathic individuals display difficulties to adapt their behavior in accordance with the demands of the environment and show altered performance monitoring. Studies investigating the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error-positivity (Pe) as electrophysiological markers of error monitoring reported contradictory results for this population. To explain these discrepancies, we hypothesized that psychopathy dimensions influence electrophysiological outcomes. We predicted that individuals with impulsive-antisocial features would display abnormal ERN compared to individuals with interpersonal-affective features. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating ERN and Pe components were conducted. A factorial analysis was undertaken to investigate the role of psychopathy dimensions on ERN and Pe. Compared to controls, psychopathic individuals (n = 940) showed a reduced ERN and Pe amplitude. The factorial analysis indicates a dissociation regarding the construct of psychopathy. The models reported that psychopathic individuals related specifically to the interpersonal-affective dimension displayed normal ERN component and efficient error-monitoring, while psychopathic individuals with a marked impulsive-antisocial dimension display a decreased ERN component and altered performance monitoring.
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7
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Delfin C, Ruzich E, Wallinius M, Björnsdotter M, Andiné P. Trait Disinhibition and NoGo Event-Related Potentials in Violent Mentally Disordered Offenders and Healthy Controls. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:577491. [PMID: 33362599 PMCID: PMC7759527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait disinhibition may function as a dispositional liability toward maladaptive behaviors relevant in the treatment of mentally disordered offenders (MDOs). Reduced amplitude and prolonged latency of the NoGo N2 and P3 event-related potentials have emerged as promising candidates for transdiagnostic, biobehavioral markers of trait disinhibition, yet no study has specifically investigated these two components in violent, inpatient MDOs. Here, we examined self-reported trait disinhibition, experimentally assessed response inhibition, and NoGo N2 and P3 amplitude and latency in male, violent MDOs (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 20). MDOs had a higher degree of trait disinhibition, reduced NoGo P3 amplitude, and delayed NoGo P3 latency compared to controls. The reduced NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in MDOs may stem from deficits during monitoring or evaluation of behavior. NoGo P3 latency was associated with increased trait disinhibition in the whole sample, suggesting that trait disinhibition may be associated with reduced neural efficiency during later stages of outcome monitoring or evaluation. Findings for NoGo N2 amplitude and latency were small and non-robust. With several limitations in mind, this is the first study to demonstrate attenuated NoGo P3 amplitude and delayed NoGo P3 latency in violent, inpatient MDOs compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Delfin
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Emily Ruzich
- MedTech West, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Märta Wallinius
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research Department, Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Växjö, Sweden
- Lund Clinical Research on Externalizing and Developmental Psychopathology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Björnsdotter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Affective Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Andiné
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Van der Sluys ME, Zijlmans J, Popma A, Van der Laan PH, Scherder EJA, Marhe R. Neurocognitive predictors of treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up in multiproblem young adults. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1103-1121. [PMID: 32820418 PMCID: PMC7497488 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown an association between cognitive control deficits and problematic behavior such as antisocial behavior and substance use, but little is known about the predictive value of cognitive control for treatment outcome. The current study tests whether selected markers of baseline cognitive control predict (1) treatment completion of a day treatment program involving a combination of approaches for multiproblem young adults and (2) daytime activities a year after the start of treatment, over and above psychological, social, and criminal characteristics. We assessed individual, neurobiological, and neurobehavioral measures, including functional brain activity during an inhibition task and two electroencephalographic measures of error processing in 127 male multiproblem young adults (age 18-27 years). We performed two hierarchical regression models to test the predictive power of cognitive control for treatment completion and daytime activities at follow-up. The overall models did not significantly predict treatment completion or daytime activities at follow-up. However, activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during response inhibition, years of regular alcohol use, internalizing problems, and ethnicity were all significant individual predictors of daytime activity at follow-up. In conclusion, cognitive control could not predict treatment completion or daytime activities a year after the start of treatment over and above individual characteristics. However, results indicate a direct association between brain activity during response inhibition and participation in daytime activities, such as work or school, after treatment. As adequate baseline inhibitory control is associated with a positive outcome at follow-up, this suggests interventions targeting cognitive control might result in better outcomes at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Van der Sluys
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - J Zijlmans
- VU University Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Popma
- VU University Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden University, Steenschuur 25, 2311 ES, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P H Van der Laan
- Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, De Boelelaan 1077, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J A Scherder
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Marhe
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VU University Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Ribes‐Guardiola P, Poy R, Patrick CJ, Moltó J. Electrocortical measures of performance monitoring from go/no‐go and flanker tasks: Differential relations with trait dimensions of the triarchic model of psychopathy. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13573. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ribes‐Guardiola
- Affective Neuroscience Lab Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology Universitat Jaume I Castelló Spain
| | - Rosario Poy
- Affective Neuroscience Lab Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology Universitat Jaume I Castelló Spain
| | | | - Javier Moltó
- Affective Neuroscience Lab Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology Universitat Jaume I Castelló Spain
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10
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Paiva TO, Almeida PR, Coelho RC, Pasion R, Barbosa F, Ferreira‐Santos F, Bastos‐Leite AJ, Marques‐Teixeira J. The neurophysiological correlates of the triarchic model of psychopathy: An approach to the basic mechanisms of threat conditioning and inhibitory control. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13567. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago O. Paiva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Imaging University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Almeida
- Faculty of Law School of Criminology Interdisciplinary Research Center on Crime, Justice and Security University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rui C. Coelho
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Rita Pasion
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira‐Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - João Marques‐Teixeira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
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11
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Maurer JM, Paul S, Anderson NE, Nyalakanti PK, Kiehl KA. Youth with elevated psychopathic traits exhibit structural integrity deficits in the uncinate fasciculus. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102236. [PMID: 32182577 PMCID: PMC7076567 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Youth with elevated psychopathic traits represent a particularly severe subgroup of adolescents characterized by extreme behavioral problems and exhibit comparable neurocognitive deficits as adult offenders with psychopathic traits. A consistent finding among adults with elevated psychopathic traits is reduced white matter structural integrity of the right uncinate fasciculus (UF). The UF is a major white matter tract that connects regions of the anterior temporal lobe (i.e., the amygdala) to higher-order executive control regions, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. However, the relationship between youth psychopathic traits and structural integrity of the UF has been mixed, with some studies identifying a negative relationship between adolescent psychopathy scores and FA in the UF, and others identifying a positive relationship. Here, we investigated structural integrity of the left and right UF using fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large sample of n = 254 male adolescent offenders recruited from maximum-security juvenile correctional facilities. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). Consistent with hypotheses, interpersonal and affective traits (i.e., PCL:YV Factor 1 and Facet 1 scores) were associated with reduced FA in the right UF. Additionally, lifestyle traits (i.e., PCL:YV Facet 3 scores) were associated with increased FA in the left UF. Results are consistent with previously published studies reporting reduced FA in the right UF in adult psychopathic offenders and increased left UF FA in youth meeting criteria for certain externalizing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Subhadip Paul
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Anderson
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Prashanth K Nyalakanti
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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12
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Cui Y, Dong F, Li X, Xie D, Cheng Y, Tian S, Xue T, Li Y, Zhang M, Ren Y, Yuan K, Yu D. Electrophysiological Evidence of Event-Related Potential Changes Induced by 12 h Abstinence in Young Smokers Based on the Flanker Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:424. [PMID: 32528322 PMCID: PMC7258559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive control processes may be disrupted by abstinence in smokers, which may be helpful in the development and maintenance of addictive behavior. The purpose of this study was to measure the performance of cognitive task after 12 h of smoking abstinence by using event-related potentials (ERPs), including the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). In Eriksen flanker task, electroencephalography (EEG) signals of 24 smokers were recorded in two conditions: satiety and 12 h abstinence. In the behavioral data, both conditions exhibited more errors and more time on the incongruent trials than congruence. Meantime, the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) score was increased during abstinence. Smokers showed reduced ERN and Pe after 12 h of abstinence, compared with satiety condition. The results indicate that the diminished error processing in young smokers after 12 h of abstinence. It may be related to increased withdrawal symptoms. In conclusion, the disrupted neurophysiological indexes in the general behavior monitoring system may be caused by abstinence. The results of this study may provide us with new ideas about the effects of short-term abstinence on brain cognitive neuroscience and be helpful for the solution of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Dongdong Xie
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yongxin Cheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Shiyu Tian
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yangding Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China.,Life Sciences Research Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Image Processing, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
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13
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Maurer JM, Steele VR, Vincent GM, Rao V, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Adolescent Psychopathic Traits Negatively Relate to Hemodynamic Activity within the Basal Ganglia during Error-Related Processing. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1917-1929. [PMID: 31104203 PMCID: PMC6842671 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Youth with elevated psychopathic traits exhibit a number of comparable neurocognitive deficits as adult psychopathic offenders, including error-related processing deficits. Subregions of the basal ganglia play an important, though indirect, role in error-related processing through connections with cortical areas including the anterior cingulate cortex. A number of recent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI) studies have associated basal ganglia dysfunction in youth with elevated psychopathic traits, but these studies have not examined whether dysfunction occurring within subregions of the basal ganglia help contribute to error-related processing deficits previously observed in such at-risk youth. Here, we investigated error-related processing using a response inhibition Go/NoGo fMRI experimental paradigm in a large sample of incarcerated male adolescent offenders (n = 182). In the current report, psychopathy scores (measured via the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV)) were negatively related to hemodynamic activity within input nuclei of the basal ganglia (i.e., the caudate and nucleus accumbens), as well as intrinsic/output nuclei (i.e., the globus pallidus and substantia nigra) and related nuclei (i.e., the subthalamic nucleus) during error-related processing. This is the first evidence to suggest that error-related dysfunction previously observed in youth with elevated psychopathic traits may be related to underlying abnormalities occurring within subregions of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vikram Rao
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, USA
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14
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Grisetto F, Delevoye-Turrell YN, Roger C. Efficient but less active monitoring system in individuals with high aggressive predispositions. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 146:125-132. [PMID: 31669317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behaviors in pathological and healthy populations have been largely related to poor cognitive control functioning. However, few studies have investigated the influence of aggressive traits (i.e., aggressiveness) on cognitive control. In the current study, we investigated the effects of aggressiveness on cognitive control abilities and particularly, on performance monitoring. Thirty-two participants performed a Simon task while electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) were recorded. Participants were classified as having high and low levels of aggressiveness using the BPAQ questionnaire (Buss and Perry, 1992). EMG recordings were used to reveal three response types by uncovering small incorrect muscular activations in ~15% of correct trials (i.e., partial-errors) that must be distinguished from full-error and pure-correct responses. For these three response types, EEG recordings were used to extract fronto-central negativities indicative of performance monitoring, the error and correct (-related) negativities (ERN/Ne and CRN/Nc). Behavioral results indicated that the high aggressiveness group had a larger congruency effect compared to the low aggressiveness group, but there were no differences in accuracy. EEG results revealed a global reduction in performance-related negativity amplitudes in all the response types in the high aggressiveness group compared to the low aggressiveness group. Interestingly, the distinction between the ERN/Ne and the CRN/Nc components was preserved both in high and low aggressiveness groups. In sum, high aggressive traits do not affect the capacity to self-evaluate erroneous from correct actions but are associated with a decrease in the importance given to one's own performance. The implication of these findings are discussed in relation to pathological aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Grisetto
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193, SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yvonne N Delevoye-Turrell
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193, SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clémence Roger
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193, SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.
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15
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Clark AP, Bontemps AP, Batky BD, Watts EK, Salekin RT. Psychopathy and neurodynamic brain functioning: A review of EEG research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:352-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Psychopathic traits associated with abnormal hemodynamic activity in salience and default mode networks during auditory oddball task. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:564-580. [PMID: 29633199 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Psychopathy is a personality disorder accompanied by abnormalities in emotional processing and attention. Recent theoretical applications of network-based models of cognition have been used to explain the diverse range of abnormalities apparent in psychopathy. Still, the physiological basis for these abnormalities is not well understood. A significant body of work has examined psychopathy-related abnormalities in simple attention-based tasks, but these studies have largely been performed using electrocortical measures, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), and they often have been carried out among individuals with low levels of psychopathic traits. In this study, we examined neural activity during an auditory oddball task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a simple auditory target detection (oddball) task among 168 incarcerated adult males, with psychopathic traits assessed via the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Event-related contrasts demonstrated that the largest psychopathy-related effects were apparent between the frequent standard stimulus condition and a task-off, implicit baseline. Negative correlations with interpersonal-affective dimensions (Factor 1) of the PCL-R were apparent in regions comprising default mode and salience networks. These findings support models of psychopathy describing impaired integration across functional networks. They additionally corroborate reports which have implicated failures of efficient transition between default mode and task-positive networks. Finally, they demonstrate a neurophysiological basis for abnormal mobilization of attention and reduced engagement with stimuli that have little motivational significance among those with high psychopathic traits.
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17
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Rosburg T, Deuring G, Boillat C, Lemoine P, Falkenstein M, Graf M, Mager R. Inhibition and attentional control in pedophilic child sexual offenders - An event-related potential study. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1990-1998. [PMID: 30036777 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired response inhibition might play a role in child sexual offences. Recording of event-related potentials (ERPs) can help to clarify whether child sexual offenders (CSOs) show an altered processing of stop signals and commission errors. METHODS In the current ERP study, we investigated these processes in a Go/Nogo task on two groups of CSOs, pedophilic contact CSOs and non-contact CSOs (child pornography offenders), as well as on non-offenders as controls. RESULTS Behaviorally, CSOs showed a slight, but non-significant increase of the false alarm rate to Nogo cues, as compared to controls. The amplitudes of the ERP components N2 and P3 to Nogo cues followed by correctly withhold responses did not vary between CSOs and controls. The analysis of the ERPs to committed errors showed that the Ne amplitudes (reflecting error detection) did not differ between the groups either, whereas the Pe amplitudes (reflecting error evaluation and error awareness) were strongly diminished in CSOs. This diminishment was primarily found in contact CSOs. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that response inhibition, processing of stop signals, and error detection are not necessarily impaired in CSOs. However, CSOs appear to dedicate less cognitive resources to the evaluation of committed errors. SIGNIFICANCE This selective alteration could reflect a reduced sense of responsibility for misconduct in this offender group, which might contribute to their delinquent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Boillat
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Lemoine
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Graf
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Mager
- University Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Maurer JM, Steele VR, Fink BC, Vincent GM, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Investigating error-related processing in incarcerated adolescents with self-report psychopathy measures. Biol Psychol 2018; 132:96-105. [PMID: 29180243 PMCID: PMC6047355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disparate results have been found in previous reports when incorporating both interview-based and self-report measures of psychopathic traits within the same sample, suggesting such assessments should not be used interchangeably. We previously found Total and Facet 4 scores from Hare's Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV) were negatively related to amplitude of the error-related positivity (Pe) event-related potential (ERP) component. Here, we investigated using the same previously published sample whether scores on four different self-report measures of adolescent psychopathic traits (the Antisocial Process Screening Device [APSD], Child Psychopathy Scale [CPS], Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits [ICU], and Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory [YPI]) were similarly associated with reduced Pe amplitude. Unlike our previous results, adolescent self-report psychopathy scores were not associated with reduced Pe amplitude in multiple regression analyses. Results obtained in the current report support previous research observing incongruent findings when incorporating different assessment types within the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brandi C Fink
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; The Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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19
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Anderson NE, Steele VR, Maurer JM, Rao V, Koenigs MR, Decety J, Kosson DS, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Differentiating emotional processing and attention in psychopathy with functional neuroimaging. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:491-515. [PMID: 28092055 PMCID: PMC5404945 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with psychopathy are often characterized by emotional processing deficits, and recent research has examined the specific contexts and cognitive mechanisms that underlie these abnormalities. Some evidence suggests that abnormal features of attention are fundamental to emotional deficits in persons with psychopathy, but few studies have demonstrated the neural underpinnings responsible for such effects. Here, we use functional neuroimaging to examine attention-emotion interactions among incarcerated individuals (n = 120) evaluated for psychopathic traits using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Using a task designed to manipulate attention to emotional features of visual stimuli, we demonstrate effects representing implicit emotional processing, explicit emotional processing, attention-facilitated emotional processing, and vigilance for emotional content. Results confirm the importance of considering mechanisms of attention when evaluating emotional processing differences related to psychopathic traits. The affective-interpersonal features of psychopathy (PCL-R Factor 1) were associated with relatively lower emotion-dependent augmentation of activity in visual processing areas during implicit emotional processing, while antisocial-lifestyle features (PCL-R Factor 2) were associated with elevated activity in the amygdala and related salience network regions. During explicit emotional processing, psychopathic traits were associated with upregulation in the medial prefrontal cortex, insula, and superior frontal regions. Isolating the impact of explicit attention to emotional content, only Factor 1 was related to upregulation of activity in the visual processing stream, which was accompanied by increased activity in the angular gyrus. These effects highlight some important mechanisms underlying abnormal features of attention and emotional processing that accompany psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel E Anderson
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute of Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Michael Maurer
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vikram Rao
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | | | | | - David S Kosson
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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20
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Maurer JM, Steele VR, Cope LM, Vincent GM, Stephen JM, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Dysfunctional error-related processing in incarcerated youth with elevated psychopathic traits. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:70-7. [PMID: 26930170 PMCID: PMC4961041 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult psychopathic offenders show an increased propensity towards violence, impulsivity, and recidivism. A subsample of youth with elevated psychopathic traits represent a particularly severe subgroup characterized by extreme behavioral problems and comparable neurocognitive deficits as their adult counterparts, including perseveration deficits. Here, we investigate response-locked event-related potential (ERP) components (the error-related negativity [ERN/Ne] related to early error-monitoring processing and the error-related positivity [Pe] involved in later error-related processing) in a sample of incarcerated juvenile male offenders (n=100) who performed a response inhibition Go/NoGo task. Psychopathic traits were assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). The ERN/Ne and Pe were analyzed with classic windowed ERP components and principal component analysis (PCA). Using linear regression analyses, PCL:YV scores were unrelated to the ERN/Ne, but were negatively related to Pe mean amplitude. Specifically, the PCL:YV Facet 4 subscale reflecting antisocial traits emerged as a significant predictor of reduced amplitude of a subcomponent underlying the Pe identified with PCA. This is the first evidence to suggest a negative relationship between adolescent psychopathy scores and Pe mean amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Psychology; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Vaughn R Steele
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Psychology; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Lora M Cope
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Research Center; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Gina M Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM, United States of America
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, an affiliate of the Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, NM, United States of America; Department of Psychology; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
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21
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Steele VR, Anderson NE, Claus ED, Bernat EM, Rao V, Assaf M, Pearlson GD, Calhoun VD, Kiehl KA. Neuroimaging measures of error-processing: Extracting reliable signals from event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2016; 132:247-260. [PMID: 26908319 PMCID: PMC4860744 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-related brain activity has become an increasingly important focus of cognitive neuroscience research utilizing both event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Given the significant time and resources required to collect these data, it is important for researchers to plan their experiments such that stable estimates of error-related processes can be achieved efficiently. Reliability of error-related brain measures will vary as a function of the number of error trials and the number of participants included in the averages. Unfortunately, systematic investigations of the number of events and participants required to achieve stability in error-related processing are sparse, and none have addressed variability in sample size. Our goal here is to provide data compiled from a large sample of healthy participants (n=180) performing a Go/NoGo task, resampled iteratively to demonstrate the relative stability of measures of error-related brain activity given a range of sample sizes and event numbers included in the averages. We examine ERP measures of error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe), as well as event-related fMRI measures locked to False Alarms. We find that achieving stable estimates of ERP measures required four to six error trials and approximately 30 participants; fMRI measures required six to eight trials and approximately 40 participants. Fewer trials and participants were required for measures where additional data reduction techniques (i.e., principal component analysis and independent component analysis) were implemented. Ranges of reliability statistics for various sample sizes and numbers of trials are provided. We intend this to be a useful resource for those planning or evaluating ERP or fMRI investigations with tasks designed to measure error-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn R Steele
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute of Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; University of New Mexico, USA.
| | - Nathaniel E Anderson
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eric D Claus
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Vikram Rao
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Michal Assaf
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; University of New Mexico, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The nonprofit Mind Research Network (MRN) & Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute (LBERI), Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; University of New Mexico, USA
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22
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Altered Performance Monitoring in Psychopathy: A Review of Studies on Action Selection, Error, and Feedback Processing. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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