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Konno T, Parutto P, Crapart CC, Davì V, Bailey DMD, Awadelkareem MA, Hockings C, Brown AI, Xiang KM, Agrawal A, Chambers JE, Vander Werp MJ, Koning KM, Elfari LM, Steen S, Metzakopian E, Westrate LM, Koslover EF, Avezov E. Endoplasmic reticulum morphology regulation by RTN4 modulates neuronal regeneration by curbing luminal transport. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114357. [PMID: 38955182 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell functions rely on intracellular transport systems distributing bioactive molecules with high spatiotemporal accuracy. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubular network constitutes a system for delivering luminal solutes, including Ca2+, across the cell periphery. How the ER structure enables this nanofluidic transport system is unclear. Here, we show that ER membrane-localized reticulon 4 (RTN4/Nogo) is sufficient to impose neurite outgrowth inhibition in human cortical neurons while acting as an ER morphoregulator. Improving ER transport visualization methodologies combined with optogenetic Ca2+ dynamics imaging and in silico modeling, we observed that ER luminal transport is modulated by ER tubule narrowing and dilation, proportional to the amount of RTN4. Excess RTN4 limited ER luminal transport and Ca2+ release, while RTN4 elimination reversed the effects. The described morphoregulatory effect of RTN4 defines the capacity of the ER for peripheral Ca2+ delivery for physiological releases and thus may constitute a mechanism for controlling the (re)generation of neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Konno
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Pierre Parutto
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Cécile C Crapart
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Valentina Davì
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | | | - Mosab Ali Awadelkareem
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; Department of Neuroscience Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Colin Hockings
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Aidan I Brown
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0374, La Jolla, CA 92093-0374, USA; Department of Physics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | | | - Anamika Agrawal
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0374, La Jolla, CA 92093-0374, USA
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Molly J Vander Werp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Katherine M Koning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Louis Mounir Elfari
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute Advanced Imaging Facility, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sam Steen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Laura M Westrate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
| | - Elena F Koslover
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0374, La Jolla, CA 92093-0374, USA.
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK.
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Saint-Martin Willer A, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F. Orai1/STIMs modulators in pulmonary vascular diseases. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102892. [PMID: 38735127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger that regulates various cellular processes. However, Ca2+ mishandling could lead to pathological conditions. Orai1 is a Ca2+channel contributing to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and plays a critical role in Ca2+ homeostasis in several cell types. Dysregulation of Orai1 contributed to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, some cancers, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiorespiratory diseases. During its activation process, Orai1 is mainly regulated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM) proteins, especially STIM1; however, many other regulatory partners have also been recently described. Increasing knowledge about these regulatory partners provides a better view of the downstream signalling pathways of SOCE and offers an excellent opportunity to decipher Orai1 dysregulation in these diseases. These proteins participate in other cellular functions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review mainly focuses on Orai1 regulatory partners in the physiological and pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Saint-Martin Willer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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3
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Pawar A, Pardasani KR. Modelling Cross Talk in the Spatiotemporal System Dynamics of Calcium, IP 3 and Nitric Oxide in Neuron Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:787-803. [PMID: 38376737 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The bioenergetic system of calcium ([Ca2+]), inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphophate (IP3) and nitric oxide (NO) regulate the diverse mechanisms in neurons. The dysregulation in any or all of the calcium, IP3 and nitric oxide dynamics may cause neurotoxicity and cell death. Few studies are noted in the literature on the interactions of two systems like [Ca2+] with IP3 and [Ca2+] with nitric oxide in neuron cells, which gives limited insights into regulatory and dysregulatory processes in neuron cells. But, no study is available on the cross talk in dynamics of three systems [Ca2+], IP3 and NO in neurons. Thus, the cross talk in the system dynamics of [Ca2+], IP3 and NO regulation processes in neurons have been studied using mathematical model. The two-way feedback process between [Ca2+] and IP3 and two-way feedback process between [Ca2+] and NO through cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with plasmalemmal [Ca2+]-ATPase (PMCA) have been incorporated in the proposed model. This coupling handles the indirect two-way feedback process between IP3 and nitric oxide in neuronal cells automatically. The numerical outcomes were acquired by employing the finite element method (FEM) with the Crank-Nicholson scheme (CNS). The present model incorporating the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) and voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) provides novel insights into the various regulatory and dysregulatory processes due to buffer, IP3-receptor, ryanodine receptor, cGMP kinetics through PMCA channel, etc. and their impacts on the interactive spatiotemporal system dynamics of [Ca2+], IP3 and NO in neurons. It is concluded that the behavior of different crucial mechanisms is quite different for interactions of two systems of [Ca2+] and NO and the interactions of three systems of [Ca2+], IP3 and nitric oxide in neuronal cell due to mutual regulatory adjustments. The association of several neurological disorders with the alterations in calcium, IP3 and NO has been explored in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pawar
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kamal Raj Pardasani
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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4
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Hashitani H, Takeya M, van Helden DF. Commonality and heterogeneity of pacemaker mechanisms in the male reproductive organs. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38607187 DOI: 10.1113/jp284756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
During emission, the first phase of ejaculation, smooth muscle in organs of the male reproductive tract (MRT) vigorously contract upon sympathetic nerve excitation to expel semen consisting of sperm and seminal plasma. During inter-ejaculation phases, the epididymis, seminal vesicles and prostate undergo spontaneous phasic contractions (SPCs), this transporting and maintaining the quality of sperm and seminal plasma. Recent studies have revealed platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-expressing (PDGFRα+) subepithelial interstitial cells in seminal vesicles subserve the role of pacemaker cells that electrically drive SPCs in this organ. PDGFRα+ smooth muscle cells in the epididymis also appear to function as pacemaker cells implicating PDGFRα as a potential signature molecule in MRT pacemaking. The dominant mechanism driving pacemaking in these organs is the cytosolic Ca2+ oscillator. This operates through entrainment of the release-refill cycle of Ca2+ stores, the released Ca2+ ions opening Ca2+-activated chloride channels, including in some cases ANO1 (TMEM16A), with the resultant pacemaker potential activating L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the smooth muscle causing contraction (viz. SPCs). A second pacemaker mechanism, namely the membrane oscillator also has a role in specific cases. Further investigations into the commonality and heterogeneity of MRT pacemakers will open an avenue for understanding the pathogenesis of male infertility associated with deterioration of seminal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsue Takeya
- Division of Integrated Autonomic Function, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Dirk F van Helden
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing & Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Eun SY, Do Park G, Cheon YH, Lee MS, Cho HJ, Kim JY. Inhibition of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by Gryllus bimaculatus extract: An in vitro study. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30518. [PMID: 38224182 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Excessive bone-resorbing osteoclast activity during bone remodeling is a major feature of bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Therefore, the inhibition of osteoclast formation and bone resorption can be an effective therapeutic target for various bone diseases. Gryllus biomaculatus (GB) has recently been approved as an alternative food source because of its high nutritional value and environmental sustainability. Traditionally, GB has been known to have various pharmacological properties, including antipyretic and blood pressure-lowering activity, and it has recently been reported to have various biological activities, including protective effects against inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and alcohol-induced liver injury. However, the effect of GB on osteoclast differentiation and bone metabolism has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of GB extract (GBE) on the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation. To determine the effect of GBE on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and function, we performed TRAP and F-actin staining, as well as a bone-resorbing assay. The intracellular mechanisms of GBE responsible for the regulation of osteoclastogenesis were revealed by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We investigated the relationship between GBE and expression of osteoclast-specific molecules to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It was found that GBE significantly suppressed osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the phosphorylation of Akt, p38, JNK, and ERK, as well as Btk-PLCγ2 signaling, in pathways involved in early osteoclastogenesis as well as through the subsequent suppression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and osteoclastogenesis-specific marker genes. Additionally, GBE inhibited the formation of F-actin ring-positive osteoclasts and bone resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. Our findings suggest that GBE is a potential functional food and therapeutic candidate for bone diseases involving osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Eun
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Gyeong Do Park
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hae Joong Cho
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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6
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Blitsman Y, Hollander E, Benafsha C, Yegodayev KM, Hadad U, Goldbart R, Traitel T, Rudich A, Elkabets M, Kost J. The Potential of PIP3 in Enhancing Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1780. [PMID: 38339058 PMCID: PMC10855400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the role of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in modulating cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration, we hypothesized its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for wound closure enhancement. In this study, PIP3 was examined in its free form or as a complex with cationic starch (Q-starch) as a carrier. The intracellular bioactivity and localization of free PIP3 and the Q-starch/PIP3 complexes were examined. Our results present the capability of Q-starch to form complexes with PIP3, facilitate its cellular membrane internalization, and activate intracellular paths leading to enhanced wound healing. Both free PIP3 and Q-starch/PIP3 complexes enhanced monolayer gap closure in scratch assays and induced amplified collagen production within HaCAT and BJ fibroblast cells. Western blot presented enhanced AKT activation by free or complexed PIP3 in BJ fibroblasts in which endogenous PIP3 production was pharmacologically inhibited. Furthermore, both free PIP3 and Q-starch/PIP3 complexes expedited wound closure in mice, after single or daily dermal injections into the wound margins. Free PIP3 and the Q-starch/PIP3 complexes inherently activated the AKT signaling pathway, which is responsible for crucial wound healing processes such as migration; this was also observed in wound assays in mice. PIP3 was identified as a promising molecule for enhancing wound healing, and its ability to circumvent PI3K inhibition suggests possible implications for chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Blitsman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (Y.B.); (C.B.); (R.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Etili Hollander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (Y.B.); (C.B.); (R.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Chen Benafsha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (Y.B.); (C.B.); (R.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Ksenia M. Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.M.Y.); (M.E.)
| | - Uzi Hadad
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Marcus Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Riki Goldbart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (Y.B.); (C.B.); (R.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Tamar Traitel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (Y.B.); (C.B.); (R.G.); (T.T.)
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (K.M.Y.); (M.E.)
| | - Joseph Kost
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (Y.B.); (C.B.); (R.G.); (T.T.)
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Ma M, Zheng Y, Lu S, Pan X, Worley KC, Burrage LC, Blieden LS, Allworth A, Chen WL, Merla G, Mandriani B, Rosenfeld JA, Li-Kroeger D, Dutta D, Yamamoto S, Wangler MF, Glass IA, Strohbehn S, Blue E, Prontera P, Lalani SR, Bellen HJ. De novo variants in PLCG1 are associated with hearing impairment, ocular pathology, and cardiac defects. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.08.23300523. [PMID: 38260438 PMCID: PMC10802640 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.23300523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase C isozymes (PLCs) hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, important signaling molecules involved in many cellular processes. PLCG1 encodes the PLCγ1 isozyme that is broadly expressed. Hyperactive somatic mutations of PLCG1 are observed in multiple cancers, but only one germline variant has been reported. Here we describe three unrelated individuals with de novo heterozygous missense variants in PLCG1 (p.Asp1019Gly, p.His380Arg, and p.Asp1165Gly) who exhibit variable phenotypes including hearing loss, ocular pathology and cardiac septal defects. To model these variants in vivo, we generated the analogous variants in the Drosophila ortholog, small wing (sl). We created a null allele slT2A and assessed the expression pattern. sl is broadly expressed, including in wing discs, eye discs, and a subset of neurons and glia. Loss of sl causes wing size reductions, ectopic wing veins and supernumerary photoreceptors. We document that mutant flies exhibit a reduced lifespan and age-dependent locomotor defects. Expressing wild-type sl in slT2A mutant rescues the loss-of-function phenotypes whereas expressing the variants causes lethality. Ubiquitous overexpression of the variants also reduces viability, suggesting that the variants are toxic. Ectopic expression of an established hyperactive PLCG1 variant (p.Asp1165His) in the wing pouch causes severe wing phenotypes, resembling those observed with overexpression of the p.Asp1019Gly or p.Asp1165Gly variants, further arguing that these two are gain-of-function variants. However, the wing phenotypes associated with p.His380Arg overexpression are mild. Our data suggest that the PLCG1 de novo heterozygous missense variants are pathogenic and contribute to the features observed in the probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Current affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kim C. Worley
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren S. Blieden
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aimee Allworth
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Current affiliation: Children’s National Medical Center and George Washington University, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Giuseppe Merla
- Laboratory of Regulatory & Functional Genomics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia 71013, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Barbara Mandriani
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ian A. Glass
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sam Strohbehn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital of Perugia, Perugia 06129, Italy
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Kodakandla G, Akimzhanov AM, Boehning D. Regulatory mechanisms controlling store-operated calcium entry. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1330259. [PMID: 38169682 PMCID: PMC10758431 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1330259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx through plasma membrane ion channels is crucial for many events in cellular physiology. Cell surface stimuli lead to the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), which binds to IP3 receptors (IP3R) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to release calcium pools from the ER lumen. This leads to the depletion of ER calcium pools, which has been termed store depletion. Store depletion leads to the dissociation of calcium ions from the EF-hand motif of the ER calcium sensor Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1). This leads to a conformational change in STIM1, which helps it to interact with the plasma membrane (PM) at ER:PM junctions. At these ER:PM junctions, STIM1 binds to and activates a calcium channel known as Orai1 to form calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. Activation of Orai1 leads to calcium influx, known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). In addition to Orai1 and STIM1, the homologs of Orai1 and STIM1, such as Orai2/3 and STIM2, also play a crucial role in calcium homeostasis. The influx of calcium through the Orai channel activates a calcium current that has been termed the CRAC current. CRAC channels form multimers and cluster together in large macromolecular assemblies termed "puncta". How CRAC channels form puncta has been contentious since their discovery. In this review, we will outline the history of SOCE, the molecular players involved in this process, as well as the models that have been proposed to explain this critical mechanism in cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Kodakandla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Askar M. Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
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9
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Bashiri Z, Sheibak N, Amjadi F, Zandieh Z. The role of myo-inositol supplement in assisted reproductive techniques. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:1044-1060. [PMID: 35730666 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2073273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproductive techniques can help many infertile couples conceive. Therefore, there is a need for an effective method to overcome the widespread problems of infertile men and women. Oocyte and sperm quality can increase the chances of successful in vitro fertilisation. The maturation environment in which gametes are present can affect their competency for fertilisation. It is well established that myo-inositol (MI) plays a pivotal role in reproductive physiology. It participates in cell membrane formation, lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, cardiac regulation, metabolic alterations, and fertility. This molecule also acts as a direct messenger of insulin and improves glucose uptake in various reproductive tissues. Evidence suggests that MI regulates events such as gamete maturation, fertilisation, and embryo growth through intracellular Ca2 + release and various signalling pathways. In addition to the in-vivo production of MI from glucose in the reproductive organs, its synthesis by in vitro-cultured sperm and follicles has also been reported. Therefore, MI is suggested as a therapeutic approach to maintain sperm and oocyte health in men and women with reproductive disorders and individuals of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bashiri
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Omid Fertility and Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nadia Sheibak
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Amjadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Kothiya A, Adlakha N. Impact of Interdependent Ca 2+ and IP 3 Dynamics On ATP Regulation in A Fibroblast Model. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:795-811. [PMID: 37749442 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The vital participation of Ca2+ in human organ functions such as muscular contractions, heartbeat, brain functionality, skeletal activity, etc, motivated the scientists to thoroughly research the mechanisms of calcium (Ca2+) signalling in distinct human cells. Ca2+, inositol triphosphate (IP3), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) play important roles in cell signaling and physiological processes. ATP and its derivatives are hypothesized to be important in the pathogenic process that leads to fibrotic illnesses like fibrosis. Fluctuations in Ca2+ and IP3 in a fibroblast cell influence ATP production. To date, no evidence of coupled Ca2+ and IP3 mechanics regulating ATP generation in a fibroblast cell during fibrotic disease has been found. The current work suggests an integrated mechanism for Ca2+ and IP3 dynamics in a fibroblast cell that regulates ATP generation. Simulation has been carried out using the finite element approach. The mechanics of interdependent systems findings vary dramatically from the results of basic independent system mechanics and give fresh information about the two systems' activities. The numerical results provide new insights into the impacts of disturbances in source influx, the serca pump, and buffers on interdependent Ca2+ and IP3 dynamics and ATP synthesis in a fibroblast cell. According to the findings of this study, fibrotic disorders cannot be attributed solely to disruptions in the processes of calcium signaling mechanics but also to disruptions in IP3 regulation mechanisms affecting the regulation of calcium in the fibroblast cell and ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kothiya
- DoM, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Neeru Adlakha
- DoM, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
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11
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Chen YJ, Wu KY, Lin SF, Huang SH, Hsu HC, Hsu HM. PIP2 regulating calcium signal modulates actin cytoskeleton-dependent cytoadherence and cytolytic capacity in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011891. [PMID: 38109416 PMCID: PMC10758264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a prevalent causative agent that causes trichomoniasis leading to uropathogenic inflammation in the host. The crucial role of the actin cytoskeleton in T. vaginalis cytoadherence has been established but the associated signaling has not been fully elucidated. The present study revealed that the T. vaginalis second messenger PIP2 is located in the recurrent flagellum of the less adherent isolate and is more abundant around the cell membrane of the adherent isolates. The T. vaginalis phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (TvPI4P5K) with conserved activity phosphorylating PI(4)P to PI(4, 5)P2 was highly expressed in the adherent isolate and partially colocalized with PIP2 on the plasma membrane but with discrete punctate signals in the cytoplasm. Plasma membrane PIP2 degradation by phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent pathway concomitant with increasing intracellular calcium during flagellate-amoeboid morphogenesis. This could be inhibited by Edelfosine or BAPTA simultaneously repressing parasite actin assembly, morphogenesis, and cytoadherence with inhibitory effects similar to the iron-depleted parasite, supporting the significance of PIP2 and iron in T. vaginalis colonization. Intriguingly, iron is required for the optimal expression and cell membrane trafficking of TvPI4P5K for in situ PIP2 production, which was diminished in the iron-depleted parasites. TvPI4P5K-mediated PIP2 signaling may coordinate with iron to modulate T. vaginalis contact-dependent cytolysis to influence host cell viability. These observations provide novel insights into T. vaginalis cytopathogenesis during the host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Chen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Wu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fan Lin
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Hsi Huang
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ming Hsu
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Fanis P, Neocleous V, Papapetrou I, Phylactou LA, Skordis N. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15965. [PMID: 37958948 PMCID: PMC10650312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sexual and reproductive development is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is primarily controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acting on its receptor (GnRHR). Dysregulation of the axis leads to conditions such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and delayed puberty. The pathophysiology of GnRHR makes it a potential target for treatments in several reproductive diseases and in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. GnRHR belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family and its GnRH ligand, when bound, activates several complex and tissue-specific signaling pathways. In the pituitary gonadotrope cells, it triggers the G protein subunit dissociation and initiates a cascade of events that lead to the production and secretion of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) accompanied with the phospholipase C, inositol phosphate production, and protein kinase C activation. Pharmacologically, GnRHR can be modulated by synthetic analogues. Such analogues include the agonists, antagonists, and the pharmacoperones. The agonists stimulate the gonadotropin release and lead to receptor desensitization with prolonged use while the antagonists directly block the GnRHR and rapidly reduce the sex hormone production. Pharmacoperones include the most recent GnRHR therapeutic approaches that directly correct the misfolded GnRHRs, which are caused by genetic mutations and hold serious promise for CHH treatment. Understanding of the GnRHR's genomic and protein structure is crucial for the most appropriate assessing of the mutation impact. Such mutations in the GNRHR are linked to normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and lead to various clinical symptoms, including delayed puberty, infertility, and impaired sexual development. These mutations vary regarding their mode of inheritance and can be found in the homozygous, compound heterozygous, or in the digenic state. GnRHR expression extends beyond the pituitary gland, and is found in reproductive tissues such as ovaries, uterus, and prostate and non-reproductive tissues such as heart, muscles, liver and melanoma cells. This comprehensive review explores GnRHR's multifaceted role in human reproduction and its clinical implications for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Fanis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (P.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Vassos Neocleous
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (P.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Irene Papapetrou
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Leonidas A. Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (P.F.); (V.N.)
| | - Nicos Skordis
- School of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Paedi Center for Specialized Paediatrics, Nicosia 2024, Cyprus
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13
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Arabiotorre A, Bankaitis VA, Grabon A. Regulation of phosphoinositide metabolism in Apicomplexan parasites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163574. [PMID: 37791074 PMCID: PMC10543664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are a biologically essential class of phospholipids that contribute to organelle membrane identity, modulate membrane trafficking pathways, and are central components of major signal transduction pathways that operate on the cytosolic face of intracellular membranes in eukaryotes. Apicomplexans (such as Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.) are obligate intracellular parasites that are important causative agents of disease in animals and humans. Recent advances in molecular and cell biology of Apicomplexan parasites reveal important roles for phosphoinositide signaling in key aspects of parasitosis. These include invasion of host cells, intracellular survival and replication, egress from host cells, and extracellular motility. As Apicomplexans have adapted to the organization of essential signaling pathways to accommodate their complex parasitic lifestyle, these organisms offer experimentally tractable systems for studying the evolution, conservation, and repurposing of phosphoinositide signaling. In this review, we describe the regulatory mechanisms that control the spatial and temporal regulation of phosphoinositides in the Apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium and T. gondii. We further discuss the similarities and differences presented by Apicomplexan phosphoinositide signaling relative to how these pathways are regulated in other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arabiotorre
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Sciences Center College Station, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Vytas A. Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Sciences Center College Station, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aby Grabon
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine Texas A&M Health Sciences Center College Station, Bryan, TX, United States
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14
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Baruah D, Tamuli R. The cell functions of phospholipase C-1, Ca 2+/H + exchanger-1, and secretory phospholipase A 2 in tolerance to stress conditions and cellulose degradation in Neurospora crassa. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:327. [PMID: 37676310 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cell functions of the Ca2+ signaling genes phospholipase C-1 (plc-1), Ca2+/H+ exchanger (cpe-1), and secretory phospholipase A2 (splA2) for stress responses and cellulose utilization in Neurospora crassa. The Δplc-1, Δcpe-1, and ΔsplA2 mutants displayed increased sensitivity to the alkaline pH and reduced survival during induced thermotolerance. The ΔsplA2 mutant also exhibited hypersensitivity to the DTT-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, increased microcrystalline cellulose utilization, increased protein secretion, and glucose accumulation in the culture supernatants. Moreover, the ΔsplA2 mutant could not grow on microcrystalline cellulose during ER stress. Furthermore, plc-1, cpe-1, and splA2 synthetically regulate the acquisition of thermotolerance induced by heat shock, responses to alkaline pH and ER stress, and utilization of cellulose and other alternate carbon sources in N. crassa. In addition, expression of the alkaline pH regulator, pac-3, and heat shock proteins, hsp60, and hsp80 was reduced in the Δplc-1, Δcpe-1, and ΔsplA2 single and double mutants. The expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) markers grp-78 and pdi-1 was also significantly reduced in the mutants showing growth defect during ER stress. The increased cellulolytic activities of the ΔsplA2 and Δcpe-1; ΔsplA2 mutants were due to increased cbh-1, cbh-2, and endo-2 expression in N. crassa. Therefore, plc-1, cpe-1, and splA2 are involved in stress responses and cellulose utilization in N. crassa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Baruah
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - Ranjan Tamuli
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India.
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15
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Baker MR, Fan G, Arige V, Yule DI, Serysheva II. Understanding IP 3R channels: From structural underpinnings to ligand-dependent conformational landscape. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102770. [PMID: 37393815 PMCID: PMC10529787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ubiquitously expressed large-conductance Ca2+-permeable channels predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes of virtually all eukaryotic cell types. IP3Rs work as Ca2+ signaling hubs through which diverse extracellular stimuli and intracellular inputs are processed and then integrated to result in delivery of Ca2+ from the ER lumen to generate cytosolic Ca2+ signals with precise temporal and spatial properties. IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signals control a vast repertoire of cellular functions ranging from gene transcription and secretion to the more enigmatic brain activities such as learning and memory. IP3Rs open and release Ca2+ when they bind both IP3 and Ca2+, the primary channel agonists. Despite overwhelming evidence supporting functional interplay between IP3 and Ca2+ in activation and inhibition of IP3Rs, the mechanistic understanding of how IP3R channels convey their gating through the interplay of two primary agonists remains one of the major puzzles in the field. The last decade has seen much progress in the use of cryogenic electron microscopy to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, ion permeation, ion selectivity and gating of the IP3R channels. The results of these studies, summarized in this review, provide a prospective view of what the future holds in structural and functional research of IP3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah R Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guizhen Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David I Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Irina I Serysheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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16
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Toller-Kawahisa JE, Hiroki CH, Silva CMDS, Nascimento DC, Públio GA, Martins TV, Damasceno LEA, Veras FP, Viacava PR, Sukesada FY, Day EA, Zotta A, Ryan TAJ, Moreira da Silva R, Cunha TM, Lopes NP, Cunha FDQ, O'Neill LAJ, Alves-Filho JC. The metabolic function of pyruvate kinase M2 regulates reactive oxygen species production and microbial killing by neutrophils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4280. [PMID: 37460614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils rely predominantly on glycolytic metabolism for their biological functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme known to be involved in metabolic reprogramming and gene transcription in many immune cell types, its role in neutrophils remains poorly understood. Here, we report that PKM2 regulates ROS production and microbial killing by neutrophils. Zymosan-activated neutrophils showed increased cytoplasmic expression of PKM2. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deficiency of PKM2 in neutrophils reduced ROS production and Staphylococcus aureus killing in vitro. In addition, this also resulted in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) accumulation and decreased dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) production, which is required for de novo synthesis of diacylglycerol (DAG) from glycolysis. In vivo, PKM2 deficiency in myeloid cells impaired the control of infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Our results fill the gap in the current knowledge of the importance of lower glycolysis for ROS production in neutrophils, highlighting the role of PKM2 in regulating the DHAP and DAG synthesis to promote ROS production in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Escher Toller-Kawahisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Hiroji Hiroki
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Meirelles de Souza Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniele Carvalho Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Azevedo Públio
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Timna Varela Martins
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Ramos Viacava
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fábio Yuji Sukesada
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Emily Anne Day
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessia Zotta
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Rodrigo Moreira da Silva
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luke Anthony John O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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17
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Adlakha N. Disturbances in system dynamics of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] perturbing insulin secretion in a pancreatic [Formula: see text]-cell due to type-2 diabetes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023:10.1007/s10863-023-09966-7. [PMID: 37418135 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The individual study of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dynamics respectively in a [Formula: see text]-cell has yielded limited information about the cell functions. But the systems biology approaches for such studies have received very little attention by the research workers in the past. In the present work, a system-dynamics model for the interdependent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] signaling that controls insulin secretion in a [Formula: see text]-cell has been suggested. A two-way feedback system of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] has been considered and one-way feedback between [Formula: see text] and insulin has been implemented in the model. The finite element method along with the Crank-Nicolson method have been applied for simulation. Numerical results have been used to analyze the impact of perturbations in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dynamics on insulin secretion for normal and Type-2 diabetic conditions. The results reveal that Type-2 diabetes comes from abnormalities in insulin secretion caused by the perturbation in buffers and pumps (SERCA and PMCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Adlakha
- Department of Mathematics and Humanities, SVNIT, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
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18
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Dilworth L, Stennett D, Omoruyi F. Cellular and Molecular Activities of IP6 in Disease Prevention and Therapy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:972. [PMID: 37371552 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IP6 (phytic acid) is a naturally occurring compound in plant seeds and grains. It is a poly-phosphorylated inositol derivative that has been shown to exhibit many biological activities that accrue benefits in health and diseases (cancer, diabetes, renal lithiasis, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). IP6 has been shown to have several cellular and molecular activities associated with its potential role in disease prevention. These activities include anti-oxidant properties, chelation of metal ions, inhibition of inflammation, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and modulation of the activities of enzymes and hormones that are involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Studies have shown that IP6 has anti-oxidant properties and can scavenge free radicals known to cause cellular damage and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes mellitus. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties that may modulate immune responses geared towards the prevention of inflammatory conditions. Moreover, IP6 exhibits anti-cancer properties through the induction of cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, it has been shown to have anti-mutagenic properties, which reduce the risk of malignancies by preventing DNA damage and mutations. IP6 has also been reported to have a potential role in bone health. It inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation, which may help in the prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Overall, IP6's cellular and molecular activities make it a promising candidate for disease prevention. As reported in many studies, its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties support its inclusion as a dietary supplement that may protect against the development of chronic diseases. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of this dynamic molecule and its derivatives and determine the optimal doses and appropriate delivery methods for effective therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Dewayne Stennett
- The Transitional Year Programme, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Department of Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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19
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Kothiya AB, Adlakha N. Cellular nitric oxide synthesis is affected by disorders in the interdependent [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dynamics during cystic fibrosis disease. J Biol Phys 2023; 49:133-158. [PMID: 36811722 PMCID: PMC10160313 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-022-09624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ([Formula: see text]), inositol trisphosphate ([Formula: see text]), and nitric oxide (NO) signaling are essential to maintain the structural integrity and physiological activity of fibroblast cells. The accumulation of excess quantity of NO for longer periods can lead to a variety of fibrotic disorders, including heart disease, penile fibrosis in Peyronie's disease (PD), and cystic fibrosis. The dynamics of these three signaling processes and their interdependence in fibroblast cells are not clearly known to date. A systems biology model is proposed using reaction-diffusion equations for calcium, [Formula: see text], and calcium-dependent NO synthesis in fibroblast cells. The finite element method (FEM) is used to examine [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and NO regulation and dysregulation in cells. The results throw light on the conditions that disturb the coupled [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] dynamics and the influence of these factors on the levels of NO concentration in the fibroblast cell. The findings suggest that changes in source inflow, buffers, and diffusion coefficient might induce an increase or reduction in nitric oxide and [Formula: see text] synthesis, resulting in fibroblast cell diseases. Furthermore, the findings provide new information regarding the size and intensity of diseases in response to changes in several factors of their dynamics, which has been linked to the development of cystic fibrosis and cancer. This knowledge could be valuable for developing novel approaches to the diagnosis of diseases and therapies for various disorders of fibroblast cells.
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Osório C, White JJ, Lu H, Beekhof GC, Fiocchi FR, Andriessen CA, Dijkhuizen S, Post L, Schonewille M. Pre-ataxic loss of intrinsic plasticity and motor learning in a mouse model of SCA1. Brain 2023; 146:2332-2345. [PMID: 36352508 PMCID: PMC10232256 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias are neurodegenerative diseases, the hallmark symptom of which is the development of ataxia due to cerebellar dysfunction. Purkinje cells, the principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the main cells affected in these disorders, but the sequence of pathological events leading to their dysfunction is poorly understood. Understanding the origins of Purkinje cells dysfunction before it manifests is imperative to interpret the functional and behavioural consequences of cerebellar-related disorders, providing an optimal timeline for therapeutic interventions. Here, we report the cascade of events leading to Purkinje cells dysfunction before the onset of ataxia in a mouse model of spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1). Spatiotemporal characterization of the ATXN1[82Q] SCA1 mouse model revealed high levels of the mutant ATXN1[82Q] weeks before the onset of ataxia. The expression of the toxic protein first caused a reduction of Purkinje cells intrinsic excitability, which was followed by atrophy of Purkinje cells dendrite arborization and aberrant glutamatergic signalling, finally leading to disruption of Purkinje cells innervation of climbing fibres and loss of intrinsic plasticity of Purkinje cells. Functionally, we found that deficits in eyeblink conditioning, a form of cerebellum-dependent motor learning, precede the onset of ataxia, matching the timeline of climbing fibre degeneration and reduced intrinsic plasticity. Together, our results suggest that abnormal synaptic signalling and intrinsic plasticity during the pre-ataxia stage of spinocerebellar ataxias underlie an aberrant cerebellar circuitry that anticipates the full extent of the disease severity. Furthermore, our work indicates the potential for eyeblink conditioning to be used as a sensitive tool to detect early cerebellar dysfunction as a sign of future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Osório
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua J White
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Heiling Lu
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit C Beekhof
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephanie Dijkhuizen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Post
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Schonewille
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, The Netherlands
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Kanemaru K, Nakamura Y. Activation Mechanisms and Diverse Functions of Mammalian Phospholipase C. Biomolecules 2023; 13:915. [PMID: 37371495 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) plays pivotal roles in regulating various cellular functions by metabolizing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the plasma membrane. This process generates two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which respectively regulate the intracellular Ca2+ levels and protein kinase C activation. In mammals, six classes of typical PLC have been identified and classified based on their structure and activation mechanisms. They all share X and Y domains, which are responsible for enzymatic activity, as well as subtype-specific domains. Furthermore, in addition to typical PLC, atypical PLC with unique structures solely harboring an X domain has been recently discovered. Collectively, seven classes and 16 isozymes of mammalian PLC are known to date. Dysregulation of PLC activity has been implicated in several pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Therefore, identification of new drug targets that can selectively modulate PLC activity is important. The present review focuses on the structures, activation mechanisms, and physiological functions of mammalian PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kanemaru
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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22
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Pawar A, Pardasani KR. Mechanistic insights of neuronal calcium and IP 3 signaling system regulating ATP release during ischemia in progression of Alzheimer's disease. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2023:10.1007/s00249-023-01660-1. [PMID: 37222773 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of calcium ([Ca2+]) signaling in various human cells have been widely analyzed by scientists due to its crucial role in human organs like the heartbeat, muscle contractions, bone activity, brain functionality, etc. No study is reported for interdependent [Ca2+] and IP3 mechanics regulating the release of ATP in neuron cells during Ischemia in Alzheimer's disease advancement. In the present investigation, a finite element method (FEM) is framed to explore the interdependence of spatiotemporal [Ca2+] and IP3 signaling mechanics and its role in ATP release during Ischemia as well as in the advancement of Alzheimer's disorder in neuron cells. The results provide us insights of the mutual spatiotemporal impacts of [Ca2+] and IP3 mechanics as well as their contributions to ATP release during Ischemia in neuron cells. The results obtained for the mechanics of interdependent systems differ significantly from the results of simple independent system mechanics and provide new information about the processes of the two systems. From this study, it is concluded that neuronal disorders cannot only be simply attributed to the disturbance caused directly in the processes of calcium signaling mechanics, but also to the disturbances caused in IP3 regulation mechanisms impacting the calcium regulation in the neuron cell and ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pawar
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India.
| | - Kamal Raj Pardasani
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics and Computer Applications, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India
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Feldthouse MG, Vyleta NP, Smith SM. PLC regulates spontaneous glutamate release triggered by extracellular calcium and readily releasable pool size in neocortical neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1193485. [PMID: 37260580 PMCID: PMC10228687 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1193485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dynamic physiological changes in brain extracellular calcium ([Ca2+]o) occur when high levels of neuronal activity lead to substantial Ca2+ entry via ion channels reducing local [Ca2+]o. Perturbations of the extracellular microenvironment that increase [Ca2+]o are commonly used to study how [Ca2+] regulates neuronal activity. At excitatory synapses, the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) and other G-protein coupled receptors link [Ca2+]o and spontaneous glutamate release. Phospholipase C (PLC) is activated by G-proteins and is hypothesized to mediate this process. Methods Patch-clamping cultured neocortical neurons, we tested how spontaneous glutamate release was affected by [Ca2+]o and inhibition of PLC activity. We used hypertonic sucrose (HS) to evaluate the readily releasable pool (RRP) and test if it was affected by inhibition of PLC activity. Results Spontaneous glutamate release substantially increased with [Ca2+]o, and inhibition of PLC activity, with U73122, abolished this effect. PLC-β1 is an abundant isoform in the neocortex, however, [Ca2+]o-dependent spontaneous release was unchanged in PLC-β1 null mutants (PLC-β1-/-). U73122 completely suppressed this response in PLC-β1-/- neurons, indicating that this residual [Ca2+]o-sensitivity may be mediated by other PLC isoforms. The RRP size was substantially reduced after incubation in U73122, but not U73343. Phorbol esters increased RRP size after PLC inhibition. Discussion Together these data point to a strong role for PLC in mediating changes in spontaneous release elicited by [Ca2+]o and other extracellular cues, possibly by modifying the size of the RRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya G. Feldthouse
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nicholas P. Vyleta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Research and Development, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Zhu S, Si J, Zhang H, Qi W, Zhang G, Yan X, Huang Y, Zhao M, Guo Y, Liang J, Lan G. Comparative Serum Proteome Analysis Indicates a Negative Correlation between a Higher Immune Level and Feed Efficiency in Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050338. [PMID: 37235421 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying and verifying appropriate biomarkers is instrumental in improving the prediction of early-stage pig production performance while reducing the cost of breeding and production. The main factor that affects the production cost and environmental protection cost of the pig industry is the feed efficiency of pigs. This study aimed to detect the differentially expressed proteins in the early blood index determination serum between high-feed efficiency and low-feed efficiency pigs and to provide a basis for further identification of biomarkers using the isobaric tandem mass tag and parallel reaction monitoring approach. In total, 350 (age, 90 ± 2 d; body weight, 41.20 ± 4.60 kg) purebred Yorkshire pigs were included in the study, and their serum samples were obtained during the early blood index determination. The pigs were then arranged based on their feed efficiency; 24 pigs with extreme phenotypes were grouped as high-feed efficiency and low-feed efficiency, with 12 pigs in each group. A total of 1364 proteins were found in the serum, and 137 of them showed differential expression between the groups with high- and low-feed efficiency, with 44 of them being upregulated and 93 being downregulated. PRM (parallel reaction monitoring) was used to verify 10 randomly chosen differentially expressed proteins. The proteins that were differentially expressed were shown to be involved in nine pathways, including the immune system, digestive system, human diseases, metabolism, cellular processing, and genetic information processing, according to the KEGG and GO analyses. Moreover, all of the proteins enriched in the immune system were downregulated in the high-feed efficiency pigs, suggesting that a higher immune level may not be conducive to improving feed efficiency in pigs. This study provides insights into the important feed efficiency proteins and pathways in pigs, promoting the further development of protein biomarkers for predicting and improving porcine feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinglei Si
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi State Farms Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Wenjing Qi
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xueyu Yan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ye Huang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yafen Guo
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ganqiu Lan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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25
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The Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Phospholipase C Zeta, Oocyte Activation, and Calcium in Treating Human Infertility. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030441. [PMID: 36986540 PMCID: PMC10056371 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte activation, a fundamental event during mammalian fertilisation, is initiated by concerted intracellular patterns of calcium (Ca2+) release, termed Ca2+ oscillations, predominantly driven by testis-specific phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ). Ca2+ exerts a pivotal role in not just regulating oocyte activation and driving fertilisation, but also in influencing the quality of embryogenesis. In humans, a failure of Ca2+ release, or defects in related mechanisms, have been reported to result in infertility. Furthermore, mutations in the PLCζ gene and abnormalities in sperm PLCζ protein and RNA, have been strongly associated with forms of male infertility where oocyte activation is deficient. Concurrently, specific patterns and profiles of PLCζ in human sperm have been linked to parameters of semen quality, suggesting the potential for PLCζ as a powerful target for both therapeutics and diagnostics of human fertility. However, further to PLCζ and given the strong role played by Ca2+ in fertilisation, targets down- and up-stream of this process may also present a significantly similar level of promise. Herein, we systematically summarise recent advancements and controversies in the field to update expanding clinical associations between Ca2+-release, PLCζ, oocyte activation and human fertility. We discuss how such associations may potentially underlie defective embryogenesis and recurrent implantation failure following fertility treatments, alongside potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues presented by oocyte activation for the diagnosis and treatment of human infertility.
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Shankaranarayanan D, Mantri M, Lagman M, Li C, Sharma VK, Muthukumar T, Xiang JZ, De Vlaminck I, Machaca K, Suthanthiran M. Selective modulation of gene expression in activated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by store-operated calcium entry blocker BTP2. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2618144. [PMID: 36993646 PMCID: PMC10055512 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2618144/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a critical signaling molecule in many cell types including immune cells. The calcium-release activated calcium channels (CRAC) responsible for store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in immune cells are gated by STIM family members functioning as sensors of Ca2+ store content in the endoplasmic reticulum. We investigated the effect of SOCE blocker BTP2 on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to query gene expression at the whole transcriptome level and identified genes differentially expressed between PBMC activated with PHA and PBMC activated with PHA in the presence of BTP2. Among the differentially expressed genes, we prioritized genes encoding immunoregulatory proteins for validation using preamplification enhanced real time quantitative PCR assays. We performed multiparameter flow cytometry and validated by single cell analysis that BTP2 inhibits cell surface expression CD25 at the protein level. BTP2 reduced significantly PHA-induced increase in the abundance of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory proteins. Surprisingly, BTP2 did not reduce significantly PHA-induced increase in the abundance of mRNAs encoding anti-inflammatory proteins. Collectively, the molecular signature elicited by BTP2 in activated normal human PBMC appears to be tipped towards tolerance and away from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shankaranarayanan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University
| | - Mila Lagman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Carol Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Vijay K Sharma
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Jenny Z Xiang
- Genomics Resources Core Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Manikkam Suthanthiran
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medicine
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27
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Vashistha A, Khan HR. Role of intraluteal and intrauterine prostaglandin signaling in LH-induced luteolysis in pregnant rats. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:260-271. [PMID: 36866418 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Luteal dysfunctions lead to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications. Normal luteal function is regulated by many factors, including luteinizing hormone (LH). The luteotropic roles of LH have been widely investigated but its role in the process of luteolysis has received little attention. LH has been shown to have luteolytic effects during pregnancy in rats and the role of intraluteal prostaglandins (PGs) in LH-mediated luteolysis has been demonstrated by others. However, the status of PG signaling in the uterus during LH-mediated luteolysis remains unexplored. In this study, we utilized the repeated LH administration (4×LH) model for luteolysis induction. We have examined the effect of LH-mediated luteolysis on the expression of genes involved in luteal/uterine PG synthesis, luteal PGF2α signaling, and uterine activation during different stages (mid and late) of pregnancy. Further, we analyzed the effect of overall PG synthesis machinery blockage on LH-mediated luteolysis during late pregnancy. Unlike the midstage of pregnancy, the expression of genes involved in PG synthesis, PGF2α signaling, and uterine activation in late-stage pregnant rats' luteal and uterine tissue increase 4×LH. Since the cAMP/PKA pathway mediates LH-mediated luteolysis, we analyzed the effect of inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis on the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, followed by the analysis of the expression of markers of luteolysis. Inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis did not affect the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. However, in the absence of endogenous PGs, luteolysis could not be activated to the full extent. Our results suggest that endogenous PGs may contribute to LH-mediated luteolysis, but this dependency on endogenous PGs is pregnancy-stage dependent. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Vashistha
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibur Rahaman Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Safety Assessment, Adgyl LifeSciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka
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28
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Abuhammad A, Laurieri N, Rice A, Lowe ED, Singh N, Naser SM, Ratrout SS, Churchill GC. Structural and biochemical analysis of human inositol monophosphatase-1 inhibition by ebselen. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14036-14048. [PMID: 36762717 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2176925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a major psychiatric disorder associated with cognitive impairment and a high suicide rate. Frontline therapy for this condition includes lithium (Li+)-containing treatments that can exert severe side effects. One target of Li+ is inositol monophosphatase-1 (IMPase1); inhibition of IMPase1 through small-molecule compounds may provide an alternative treatment for bipolar disorder. One such compound is the anti-inflammatory drug ebselen, which is well tolerated and safe; however, ebselen's exact mechanism of action in IMPase1 inhibition is not fully understood, preventing rational design of IMPase1 inhibitors. To fill this gap, we performed crystallographic and biochemical studies to investigate how ebselen inhibits IMPase1. We obtained a structure of IMPase1 in space group P21 after treatment with ebselen that revealed three key active-site loops (residues 33-44, 70-79, and 161-165) that are either disordered or in multiple conformations, supporting a hypothesis whereby dynamic conformational changes may be important for catalysis and ebselen inhibition. Using the thermal shift assay, we confirmed that ebselen significantly destabilizes the enzyme. Molecular docking suggests that ebselen could bind in the vicinity of His217. Investigation of the role of IMPase1 residues His217 and Cys218 suggests that inhibition of IMPase1 by ebselen may not be mediated via covalent modification of the active-site cysteine (Cys218) and is not affected by the covalent modification of other cysteine residues in the structure. Our results suggest that effects previously ascribed to ebselen-dependent inhibition likely result from disruption of essential active-site architecture, preventing activation of the IMPase1-Mg2+ complex.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Abuhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nicola Laurieri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Rice
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward D Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saleem M Naser
- Research and Development Department, APIs Division, Hikma Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Amman, Jordan
| | - Samer S Ratrout
- Research and Development Department, APIs Division, Hikma Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Amman, Jordan
| | - Grant C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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29
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Pawar A, Pardasani KR. Effect of disturbances in neuronal calcium and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and degradation. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:239-256. [PMID: 36704637 PMCID: PMC9871154 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction and accumulation of β-amyloid and its improper clearance can cause neurotoxicity leading to Alzheimer's disease. The production and degradation of β-amyloid depend on the calcium ([Ca2+]) and IP3 dynamics in the nerve cells. Thus, there is a need to understand the impacts of disturbances in the processes of [Ca2+] and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and its degradation. Here, a model is proposed to investigate the role of [Ca2+] and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and degradation. The problem is formulated in terms of the initial boundary value problem involving the system of two reaction-diffusion equations respectively for [Ca2+] and IP3 in the nerve cell. The solution is obtained by employing the Finite element approach. The numerical results are used to analyze the impact of various mechanisms of calcium and IP3 dynamics on β-amyloid production and degradation in a neuron cell. The results indicate that disturbances in any of the constitutive processes of interdependent calcium and IP3 dynamics like source influx, buffering, serca pump, and IP3 dynamics, etc. can cause dynamic changes in β-amyloid production and degradation, which in turn can be the cause of neurotoxicity and neuronal disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the relationships obtained by the proposed model among various mechanisms can be useful in addressing the challenges of identifying specific constitutive processes causing neuronal disorders like Alzheimer's disease, etc., and developing the framework for their diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pawar
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computer Applications, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003 India
| | - Kamal Raj Pardasani
- Department of Mathematics, Bioinformatics, and Computer Applications, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462003 India
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Velagala V, Soundarrajan DK, Unger MF, Gazzo D, Kumar N, Li J, Zartman J. The multimodal action of G alpha q in coordinating growth and homeostasis in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.08.523049. [PMID: 36711848 PMCID: PMC9881979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.08.523049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background G proteins mediate cell responses to various ligands and play key roles in organ development. Dysregulation of G-proteins or Ca 2+ signaling impacts many human diseases and results in birth defects. However, the downstream effectors of specific G proteins in developmental regulatory networks are still poorly understood. Methods We employed the Gal4/UAS binary system to inhibit or overexpress Gαq in the wing disc, followed by phenotypic analysis. Immunohistochemistry and next-gen RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors and the signaling cascades affected by the disruption of Gαq homeostasis. Results Here, we characterized how the G protein subunit Gαq tunes the size and shape of the wing in the larval and adult stages of development. Downregulation of Gαq in the wing disc reduced wing growth and delayed larval development. Gαq overexpression is sufficient to promote global Ca 2+ waves in the wing disc with a concomitant reduction in the Drosophila final wing size and a delay in pupariation. The reduced wing size phenotype is further enhanced when downregulating downstream components of the core Ca 2+ signaling toolkit, suggesting that downstream Ca 2+ signaling partially ameliorates the reduction in wing size. In contrast, Gαq -mediated pupariation delay is rescued by inhibition of IP 3 R, a key regulator of Ca 2+ signaling. This suggests that Gαq regulates developmental phenotypes through both Ca 2+ -dependent and Ca 2+ -independent mechanisms. RNA seq analysis shows that disruption of Gαq homeostasis affects nuclear hormone receptors, JAK/STAT pathway, and immune response genes. Notably, disruption of Gαq homeostasis increases expression levels of Dilp8, a key regulator of growth and pupariation timing. Conclusion Gαq activity contributes to cell size regulation and wing metamorphosis. Disruption to Gαq homeostasis in the peripheral wing disc organ delays larval development through ecdysone signaling inhibition. Overall, Gαq signaling mediates key modules of organ size regulation and epithelial homeostasis through the dual action of Ca 2+ -dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Pujol A, Sanchis P, Grases F, Masmiquel L. Phytate Intake, Health and Disease: "Let Thy Food Be Thy Medicine and Medicine Be Thy Food". Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010146. [PMID: 36671007 PMCID: PMC9855079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate or InsP6) is the main phosphorus reservoir that is present in almost all wholegrains, legumes, and oilseeds. It is a major component of the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets. Phytate is recognized as a nutraceutical and is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). Phytate has been shown to be effective in treating or preventing certain diseases. Phytate has been shown to inhibit calcium salt crystallization and, therefore, to reduce vascular calcifications, calcium renal calculi and soft tissue calcifications. Moreover, the adsorption of phytate to the crystal faces can inhibit hydroxyapatite dissolution and bone resorption, thereby playing a role in the treatment/prevention of bone mass loss. Phytate has a potent antioxidation and anti-inflammatory action. It is capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation through iron chelation, reducing iron-related free radical generation. As this has the effect of mitigating neuronal damage and loss, phytate shows promise in the treatment/prevention of neurodegenerative disease. It is reported that phytate improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, increases adiponectin, decreases leptin and reduces protein glycation, which is linked with macrovascular and microvascular diabetes complications. In this review, we summarize the benefits of phytate intake as seen in in vitro, animal model, epidemiological and clinical trials, and we also identify questions to answer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antelm Pujol
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Pilar Sanchis
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.)
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Ono D, Wang H, Hung CJ, Wang HT, Kon N, Yamanaka A, Li Y, Sugiyama T. Network-driven intracellular cAMP coordinates circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq7032. [PMID: 36598978 PMCID: PMC11318661 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), coordinates the timing of physiology and behavior to local time cues. In the SCN, second messengers, such as cAMP and Ca2+, are suggested to be involved in the input and/or output of the molecular circadian clock. However, the functional roles of second messengers and their dynamics in the SCN remain largely unclear. In the present study, we visualized the spatiotemporal patterns of circadian rhythms of second messengers and neurotransmitter release in the SCN. Here, we show that neuronal activity regulates the rhythmic release of vasoactive intestinal peptides from the SCN, which drives the circadian rhythms of intracellular cAMP in the SCN. Furthermore, optical manipulation of intracellular cAMP levels in the SCN shifts molecular and behavioral circadian rhythms. Together, our study demonstrates that intracellular cAMP is a key molecule in the organization of the SCN circadian neuronal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Jung Hung
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hsin-tzu Wang
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kon
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamanaka
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Takashi Sugiyama
- Advanced Optics and Biological Engineering, Evident Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Kwan C, Kang W, Kim E, Belliveau S, Frouni I, Huot P. Metabotropic glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 168:1-31. [PMID: 36868628 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that leads to alterations in multiple neurotransmitter systems, notably glutamate. As such, several drugs acting at glutamatergic receptors have been assessed to alleviate the manifestation of PD and treatment-related complications, culminating with the approval of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist amantadine for l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA)-induced dyskinesia. Glutamate elicits its actions through several ionotropic and metabotropic (mGlu) receptors. There are 8 sub-types of mGlu receptors, with sub-types 4 (mGlu4) and 5 (mGlu5) modulators having been tested in the clinic for endpoints pertaining to PD, while sub-types 2 (mGlu2) and 3 (mGlu3) have been investigated in pre-clinical settings. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of mGlu receptors in PD, with a focus on mGlu5, mGlu4, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors. For each sub-type, we review, when applicable, their anatomical localization and possible mechanisms underlying their efficacy for specific disease manifestation or treatment-induced complications. We then summarize the findings of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials with pharmacological agents and discuss the potential strengths and limitations of each target. We conclude by offering some perspectives on the potential use of mGlu modulators in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kwan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Woojin Kang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Esther Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Belliveau
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Imane Frouni
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Huot
- Neurodegenerative Disease Group, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital (The Neuro), Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Movement Disorder Clinic, Division of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Qin Y, Medina MW. Mechanism of the Regulation of Plasma Cholesterol Levels by PI(4,5)P 2. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:89-119. [PMID: 36988878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLc) is one of the most well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease, while high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDLc) have been associated with protection from cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide; thus it is important to understand mechanisms that impact LDLc and HDLc metabolism. In this chapter, we will discuss molecular processes by which phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate, PI(4,5)P2, is thought to modulate LDLc or HDLc. Section 1 will provide an overview of cholesterol in the circulation, discussing processes that modulate the various forms of lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) carrying cholesterol. Section 2 will describe how a PI(4,5)P2 phosphatase, transmembrane protein 55B (TMEM55B), impacts circulating LDLc levels through its ability to regulate lysosomal decay of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), the primary receptor for hepatic LDL uptake. Section 3 will discuss how PI(4,5)P2 interacts with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA1), the key apolipoprotein on HDL. In addition to direct mechanisms of PI(4,5)P2 action on circulating cholesterol, Sect. 4 will review how PI(4,5)P2 may indirectly impact LDLc and HDLc by affecting insulin action. Last, as cholesterol is controlled through intricate negative feedback loops, Sect. 5 will describe how PI(4,5)P2 is regulated by cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marisa W Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Kim S, Lim SW, Choi J. Drug discovery inspired by bioactive small molecules from nature. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2022; 26:254-265. [PMID: 36605590 PMCID: PMC9809404 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2022.2157480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) have greatly contributed to the development of novel treatments for human diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and infections. Compared to synthetic chemical compounds, primary and secondary metabolites from medicinal plants, fungi, microorganisms, and our bodies are promising resources with immense chemical diversity and favorable properties for drug development. In addition to the well-validated significance of secondary metabolites, endogenous small molecules derived from central metabolism and signaling events have shown great potential as drug candidates due to their unique metabolite-protein interactions. In this short review, we highlight the values of NPs, discuss recent scientific and technological advances including metabolomics tools, chemoproteomics approaches, and artificial intelligence-based computation platforms, and explore potential strategies to overcome the current challenges in NP-driven drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea, Seyun Kim
| | - Seol-Wa Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Alves E, Nakaya H, Guimarães E, Garcia CR. Combining IP 3 affinity chromatography and bioinformatics reveals a novel protein-IP 3 binding site on Plasmodium falciparum MDR1 transporter. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 4:100179. [PMID: 36582189 PMCID: PMC9792294 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization induced by second messenger IP3 controls many cellular events in most of the eukaryotic groups. Despite the increasing evidence of IP3-induced Ca2+ in apicomplexan parasites like Plasmodium, responsible for malaria infection, no protein with potential function as an IP3-receptor has been identified. The use of bioinformatic analyses based on previously known sequences of IP3-receptor failed to identify potential IP3-receptor candidates in any Apicomplexa. In this work, we combine the biochemical approach of an IP3 affinity chromatography column with bioinformatic meta-analyses to identify potential vital membrane proteins that present binding with IP3 in Plasmodium falciparum. Our analyses reveal that PF3D7_0523000, a gene that codes a transport protein associated with multidrug resistance as a potential target for IP3. This work provides a new insight for probing potential candidates for IP3-receptor in Apicomplexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alves
- Life Science Department, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helder Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, INOVA, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Euzébio Guimarães
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Pharmacy Department, Health Science Center, Natal, Brazil
| | - Célia R.S. Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Corresponding author.
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Majewski M, Klett-Mingo M, Verdasco-Martín CM, Otero C, Ferrer M. Spirulina extract improves age-induced vascular dysfunction. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:627-637. [PMID: 35294322 PMCID: PMC8933018 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2047209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vascular dysfunction is considered a hallmark of ageing that has been associated with altered vasomotor responses, in which nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species participate. The consumption of Spirulina extracts, with antioxidant properties, increased recently. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effect of Spirulina aqueous extract (SAE) on the vascular function of the aorta from aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aortic segments from aged male Sprague-Dawley rats (20-22 months old) were exposed to SAE (0.1% w/v, for 3 h) to analyse: (i) the vasodilator response induced by acetylcholine (ACh), by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), by the carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM) and by the KATP channel opener, cromakalim (CK); (ii) the vasoconstrictor response induced by KCl and noradrenaline (NA); (iii) the production of NO and superoxide anion, and (iv) the expression of the p-eNOS and HO-1 proteins. RESULTS Incubation with SAE increased the expression of p-eNOS (1.6-fold) and HO-1 (2.0-fold), enhanced NO release (1.4-fold in basal and 1.9-fold in ACh-stimulated conditions) while decreased the production of superoxide (0.7-fold). SAE also increased the sensitivity (measured as pEC50) to ACh (control: -7.06 ± 0.11; SAE: -8.16 ± 0.21), SNP (control: -7.96 ± 0.16; SAE: -9.11 ± 0.14) and CK (control: -7.05 ± 0.39; SAE: -8.29 ± 0.53), and potentiated the response to KCl (1.3-fold) and to NA (1.7-fold). CONCLUSION The antioxidant properties of SAE improved the vasomotor responses of aorta from aged rats. These results may support the use of Spirulina as a protection against vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Majewski
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mercedes Klett-Mingo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M. Verdasco-Martín
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Otero
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Cristina Otero Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CONTACT Mercedes Ferrer Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, UAM. C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029Madrid, Spain
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Rusilowicz-Jones EV, Brazel AJ, Frigenti F, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Membrane compartmentalisation of the ubiquitin system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:171-184. [PMID: 34895815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We now have a comprehensive inventory of ubiquitin system components. Understanding of any system also needs an appreciation of how components are organised together. Quantitative proteomics has provided us with a census of their relative populations in several model cell types. Here, by examining large scale unbiased data sets, we seek to identify and map those components, which principally reside on the major organelles of the endomembrane system. We present the consensus distribution of > 50 ubiquitin modifying enzymes, E2s, E3s and DUBs, that possess transmembrane domains. This analysis reveals that the ER and endosomal compartments have a diverse cast of resident E3s, whilst the Golgi and mitochondria operate with a more restricted palette. We describe key functions of ubiquitylation that are specific to each compartment and relate this to their signature complement of ubiquitin modifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Rusilowicz-Jones
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K6, Ireland
| | - Francesca Frigenti
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Michael J Clague
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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Minke B, Pak WL. The light-activated TRP channel: the founding member of the TRP channel superfamily. J Neurogenet 2022; 36:55-64. [PMID: 36217603 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila light-activated Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel is the founding member of a large and diverse family of channel proteins. The Drosophila TRP (dTRP) channel, which generates the electrical response to light has been investigated in a great detail two decades before the first mammalian TRP channel was discovered. Thus, dTRP is unique among members of the TRP channel superfamily because its physiological role and the enzymatic cascade underlying its activation are established. In this article we outline the research leading to elucidation of dTRP as the light activated channel and focus on a major physiological property of the dTRP channel, which is indirect activation via a cascade of enzymatic reactions. These detailed pioneering studies, based on the genetic dissection approach, revealed that light activation of the Drosophila TRP channel is mediated by G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-dependent enzymatic cascade, in which phospholipase C β (PLC) is a crucial component. This physiological mechanism of Drosophila TRP channel activation was later found in mammalian TRPC channels. However, the initial studies on the mammalian TRPV1 channel indicated that it is activated directly by capsaicin, low pH and hot temperature (>42 °C). This mechanism of activation was apparently at odds with the activation mechanism of the TRPC channels in general and the Drosophila light activated TRP/TRPL channels in particular, which are target of a GPCR-activated PLC cascade. Subsequent studies have indicated that under physiological conditions TRPV1 is also target of a GPCR-activated PLC cascade in the generation of inflammatory pain. The Drosophila light-activated TRP channel is still a useful experimental paradigm because its physiological function as the light-activated channel is known, powerful genetic techniques can be applied to its further analysis, and signaling molecules involved in the activation of these channels are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Minke
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - William L Pak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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The PH Domain and C-Terminal polyD Motif of Phafin2 Exhibit a Unique Concurrence in Animals. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070696. [PMID: 35877899 PMCID: PMC9324892 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phafin2, a member of the Phafin family of proteins, contributes to a plethora of cellular activities including autophagy, endosomal cargo transportation, and macropinocytosis. The PH and FYVE domains of Phafin2 play key roles in membrane binding, whereas the C-terminal poly aspartic acid (polyD) motif specifically autoinhibits the PH domain binding to the membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). Since the Phafin2 FYVE domain also binds PtdIns3P, the role of the polyD motif remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics tools and resources were employed to determine the concurrence of the PH-FYVE module with the polyD motif among Phafin2 and PH-, FYVE-, or polyD-containing proteins from bacteria to humans. FYVE was found to be an ancient domain of Phafin2 and is related to proteins that are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Interestingly, the polyD motif only evolved in Phafin2 and PH- or both PH-FYVE-containing proteins in animals. PolyD motifs are absent in PH domain-free FYVE-containing proteins, which usually display cellular trafficking or autophagic functions. Moreover, the prediction of the Phafin2-interacting network indicates that Phafin2 primarily cross-talks with proteins involved in autophagy, protein trafficking, and neuronal function. Taken together, the concurrence of the polyD motif with the PH domain may be associated with complex cellular functions that evolved specifically in animals.
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Latifah SY, Gopalsamy B, Abdul Rahim R, Manaf Ali A, Haji Lajis N. Ultrastructural and Morphological Effects in T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia CEM-SS Cells Following Treatment with Nordamnacanthal and Damnacanthal from Roots of Morinda elliptica. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134136. [PMID: 35807381 PMCID: PMC9268620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Morinda elliptica (family Rubiaceae), locally known as ‘mengkudu kecil’, has been used by the Malays for medicinal purposes. Anthraquinones isolated from the roots of Morinda elliptica, namely nordamnacanthal and damnacanthal, have been widely reported to exhibit anticancer and antioxidant properties in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Aim: This study analyzed the morphological and ultrastructural effects of damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal on T-lymphoblastic leukemia CEM-SS cells. Method: Light microscopy, Giemsa staining, Wright’s staining, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were carried out to determine apoptosis, necrosis, and ultrastructural changes that occurred within the cells. Results: The outcomes showed that these compounds induced cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, specifically at higher doses of 10 and 30 μg/mL. Condensation and fragmentation of the nuclear chromatin, which further separated into small, membrane-bound vesicles known as apoptotic bodies, were observed in the nuclei and cytoplasm. The plasma membranes and cytoskeletons also showed marked morphological changes upon treatment with damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, indicating apoptosis. Conclusion: Therefore, we report that damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis and necrosis in CEM-SS cells, and they have potential as a drug for the treatment of T-lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Yazan Latifah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-89472308
| | - Banulata Gopalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu 20300, Malaysia;
| | - Nordin Haji Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Kim S, Sohn S, Choe ES. Phosphorylation of GluA1-Ser831 by CaMKII Activation in the Caudate and Putamen Is Required for Behavioral Sensitization After Challenge Nicotine in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:678-687. [PMID: 35678163 PMCID: PMC9380710 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylation of the glutamate receptor (GluA1) subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor plays a crucial role in behavioral sensitization after exposure to psychostimulants. The present study determined the potential role of serine 831 (Ser831) phosphorylation in the GluA1 subunit of the caudate and putamen (CPu) in behavioral sensitization after challenge nicotine. METHODS Challenge nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) after 7 days of repeated exposure to nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) followed by 3 days of withdrawal in rats. Bilateral intra-CPu infusions of drugs were mainly performed to test this hypothesis. RESULTS Challenge nicotine increased both phosphorylated (p)Ser831 immunoreactivity (IR) and pCa2+/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinases II (pCaMKII)-IR in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the CPu. These increases were prevented by bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist MPEP (0.5 nmol/side) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK801 (2 nmol/side). However, the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist SCH23390 (7.5 nmol/side) prevented only pSer831-IR alone. Bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the Tat-GluA1D peptide (25 pmol/side), which interferes with the binding of pCaMKII to GluA1-Ser831, decreased the challenge nicotine-induced increase in locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the GluA1-Ser831 phosphorylation in the MSNs of the CPu is required for the challenge nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats. CaMKII activation linked to mGluR5 and NMDA receptors, but not to D1R, is essential for inducing the CaMKII-Ser831 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sang Choe
- Correspondence: Eun Sang Choe, PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea ()
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Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate is critical for determination of epithelial characteristics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2347. [PMID: 35534464 PMCID: PMC9085759 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells provide cell-cell adhesion that is essential to maintain the integrity of multicellular organisms. Epithelial cell-characterizing proteins, such as epithelial junctional proteins and transcription factors are well defined. However, the role of lipids in epithelial characterization remains poorly understood. Here we show that the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is enriched in the plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Epithelial cells lose their characteristics upon depletion of PM PI(4,5)P2, and synthesis of PI(4,5)P2 in the PM results in the development of epithelial-like morphology in osteosarcoma cells. PM localization of PARD3 is impaired by depletion of PM PI(4,5)P2 in epithelial cells, whereas expression of the PM-targeting exocyst-docking region of PARD3 induces osteosarcoma cells to show epithelial-like morphological changes, suggesting that PI(4,5)P2 regulates epithelial characteristics by recruiting PARD3 to the PM. These results indicate that a high level of PM PI(4,5)P2 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of epithelial characteristics. Epithelial cells provide cell-cell adhesion to maintain the integrity of multicellular organisms. Here the authors show that phospholipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate is critical for the maintenance of epithelial characteristics.
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Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Mitochondrial calcium exchange in physiology and disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:893-992. [PMID: 34698550 PMCID: PMC8816638 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) cycling is implicated in numerous acquired diseases such as heart failure, stroke, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer and is genetically linked to several inherited neuromuscular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for mCa2+ exchange therefore holds great promise for the treatment of these diseases. The past decade has seen the genetic identification of many of the key proteins that mediate mitochondrial calcium uptake and efflux. Here, we present an overview of the phenomenon of mCa2+ transport and a comprehensive examination of the molecular machinery that mediates calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane: the mitochondrial uniporter complex (consisting of MCU, EMRE, MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, MCUB, and MCUR1), NCLX, LETM1, the mitochondrial ryanodine receptor, and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We then consider the physiological implications of mCa2+ flux and evaluate how alterations in mCa2+ homeostasis contribute to human disease. This review concludes by highlighting opportunities and challenges for therapeutic intervention in pathologies characterized by aberrant mCa2+ handling and by summarizing critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of mCa2+ flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zubair M, Hamzah R, Griffin R, Ali N. Identification and functional characterization of multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase1 (Minpp1) isoform-2 in exosomes with potential to modulate tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264451. [PMID: 35235602 PMCID: PMC8890658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol polyphosphates (InsPs) play key signaling roles in diverse cellular functions, including calcium homeostasis, cell survival and death. Multiple inositol polyphosphate phosphatase 1 (Minpp1) affects the cellular levels of InsPs and cell functions. The Minpp1 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident but localizes away from its cytosolic InsPs substrates. The current study examines the heterogeneity of Minpp1 and the potential physiologic impact of Minpp1 isoforms, distinct motifs, subcellular distribution, and enzymatic potential. The NCBI database was used to analyze the proteome diversity of Minpp1 using bioinformatics tools. The analysis revealed that translation of three different Minpp1 variants resulted in three isoforms of Minpp1 of varying molecular weights. A link between the minpp1 variant-2 gene and ER-stress, using real-time PCR, suggests a functional similarity between minpp1 variant-1 and variant-2. A detailed study on motifs revealed Minpp1 isoform-2 is the only other isoform, besides isoform-1, that carries a phosphatase motif for InsPs hydrolysis but no ER-retention signal. The confocal microscopy revealed that the Minpp1 isoform-1 predominantly localized near the nucleus with a GRP-78 ER marker, while Minpp1 isoform-2 was scattered more towards the cell periphery where it co-localizes with the plasma membrane-destined multivesicular bodies biomarker CD63. MCF-7 cells were used to establish that Minpp1 isoform-2 is secreted into exosomes. Brefeldin A treatment resulted in overexpression of the exosome-associated Minpp1 isoform-2, suggesting its secretion via an unconventional route involving endocytic-generated vesicles and a link to ER stress. Results further demonstrated that the exosome-associated Minpp1 isoform-2 was enzymatically active. Overall, the data support the possibility that an extracellular form of enzymatically active Minpp1 isoform-2 mitigates any anti-proliferative actions of extracellular InsPs, thereby also impacting the makeup of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Zubair
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Rabab Hamzah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Robert Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Nawab Ali
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
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Yerramilli VS, Ross AH, Scarlata S, Gericke A. IQGAP1 scaffolding links phosphoinositide kinases to cytoskeletal reorganization. Biophys J 2022; 121:793-807. [PMID: 35077666 PMCID: PMC8943696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multidomain scaffold protein that coordinates the direction and impact of multiple signaling pathways by scaffolding its various binding partners. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of IQGAP1 scaffolding remains unclear. Here, we use fluorescence imaging and correlation methods that allow for real-time live-cell changes in IQGAP1 localization and complex formation during signaling. We find that IQGAP1 and PIPKIγ interact on both the plasma membrane and in cytosol. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which can initiate cytoskeletal changes, drives the movement of the cytosolic pool toward the plasma membrane to promote cytoskeletal changes. We also observe that a significant population of cytosolic IQGAP1-PIPKIγ complexes localize to early endosomes, and in some instances form aggregated clusters which become highly mobile upon EGF stimulation. Our imaging studies show that PIPKIγ and PI3K bind simultaneously to IQGAP1, which may accelerate conversion of PI4P to PI(3,4,5)P3 that is required for cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, we find that IQGAP1 is responsible for PIPKIγ association with two proteins associated with cytoskeletal changes, talin and Cdc42, during EGF stimulation. These results directly show that IQGAP1 provides a physical link between phosphoinositides (through PIPKIγ), focal adhesion formation (through talin), and cytoskeletal reorganization (through Cdc42) upon EGF stimulation. Taken together, our results support the importance of IQGAP1 in regulating cell migration by linking phosphoinositide lipid signaling with cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Siddartha Yerramilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alonzo H. Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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Sander CL, Luu J, Kim K, Furkert D, Jang K, Reichenwallner J, Kang M, Lee HJ, Eger BT, Choe HW, Fiedler D, Ernst OP, Kim YJ, Palczewski K, Kiser PD. Structural evidence for visual arrestin priming via complexation of phosphoinositols. Structure 2022; 30:263-277.e5. [PMID: 34678158 PMCID: PMC8818024 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Visual arrestin (Arr1) terminates rhodopsin signaling by blocking its interaction with transducin. To do this, Arr1 translocates from the inner to the outer segment of photoreceptors upon light stimulation. Mounting evidence indicates that inositol phosphates (InsPs) affect Arr1 activity, but the Arr1-InsP molecular interaction remains poorly defined. We report the structure of bovine Arr1 in a ligand-free state featuring a near-complete model of the previously unresolved C-tail, which plays a crucial role in regulating Arr1 activity. InsPs bind to the N-domain basic patch thus displacing the C-tail, suggesting that they prime Arr1 for interaction with rhodopsin and help direct Arr1 translocation. These structures exhibit intact polar cores, suggesting that C-tail removal by InsP binding is insufficient to activate Arr1. These results show how Arr1 activity can be controlled by endogenous InsPs in molecular detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Sander
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennings Luu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kyumhyuk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Furkert
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kiyoung Jang
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | | | - MinSoung Kang
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Bryan T Eger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hui-Woog Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver P Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yong Ju Kim
- Department of Lifestyle Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Department of Ophthalmology and the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
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Tariq K, Luikart BW. Striking a balance: PIP 2 and PIP 3 signaling in neuronal health and disease. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2022; 1:86-100. [PMID: 35098253 PMCID: PMC8797975 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2021.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are membrane phospholipids involved in a variety of cellular processes like growth, development, metabolism, and transport. This review focuses on the maintenance of cellular homeostasis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The critical balance of these PIPs is crucial for regulation of neuronal form and function. The activity of PIP2 and PIP3 can be regulated through kinases, phosphatases, phospholipases and cholesterol microdomains. PIP2 and PIP3 carry out their functions either indirectly through their effectors activating integral signaling pathways, or through direct regulation of membrane channels, transporters, and cytoskeletal proteins. Any perturbations to the balance between PIP2 and PIP3 signaling result in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will discuss the upstream modulators and downstream effectors of the PIP2 and PIP3 signaling, in the context of neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Tariq
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Bryan W Luikart
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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50
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Jajula K, Kumar RA, Kishore R, Thommandru PR, Shrikanth R, Satyanarayana S, Kishore PVVN. Silver( i)-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling of 2-aroylbenzofurans with phosphites. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The silver(i)-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction of 2-aroylbenzofurans with phosphites to afford 2-aroyl-3-phosphonylbenzofurans is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashanna Jajula
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies-Basar, Nirmal-504107, India
| | - Rathod Aravind Kumar
- Semiochemical Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ravada Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Prakash Raj Thommandru
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Ravula Shrikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies-Basar, Nirmal-504107, India
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Pilli V. V. N. Kishore
- Chemistry Division, Department of Science and Humanities, VFSTR (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, India
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