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Villalón Landeros E, Kho SC, Church TR, Brennan A, Türker F, Delannoy M, Caterina MJ, Margolis SS. The nociceptive activity of peripheral sensory neurons is modulated by the neuronal membrane proteasome. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114058. [PMID: 38614084 PMCID: PMC11157458 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are critical for peripheral nervous system (PNS) function. Here, we investigate mammalian PNS proteasomes and reveal the presence of the neuronal membrane proteasome (NMP). We show that specific inhibition of the NMP on distal nerve fibers innervating the mouse hind paw leads to reduction in mechanical and pain sensitivity. Through investigating PNS NMPs, we demonstrate their presence on the somata and proximal and distal axons of a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Single-cell RNA sequencing experiments reveal that the NMP-expressing DRGs are primarily MrgprA3+ and Cysltr2+. NMP inhibition in DRG cultures leads to cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous changes in Ca2+ signaling induced by KCl depolarization, αβ-meATP, or the pruritogen histamine. Taken together, these data support a model whereby NMPs are expressed on a subset of somatosensory DRGs to modulate signaling between neurons of distinct sensory modalities and indicate the NMP as a potential target for controlling pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Villalón Landeros
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Samuel C Kho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taylor R Church
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Brennan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fulya Türker
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Microscopy Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Caterina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth S Margolis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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2
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Qin L, Li Q, Li J. Amplified P2X 3 pathway activity in muscle afferent dorsal root ganglion neurons and exercise pressor reflex regulation in hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:524-534. [PMID: 38213082 PMCID: PMC10988672 DOI: 10.1113/ep091616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) is among the most prominent pathophysiological conditions observed in peripheral artery disease (PAD). An exaggerated arterial blood pressure (BP) response during exercise is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with PAD. However, the precise mechanisms leading to this exaggerated BP response are poorly elucidated. The P2X3 signalling pathway, which plays a key role in modifying the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), is the focus of the present study. We determined the regulatory role of P2X3 on the EPR in a rat model of hindlimb IR. In vivo and in vitro approaches were used to determine the expression and functions of P2X3 in muscle afferent nerves and EPR in IR rats. We found that in IR rats there was (1) upregulation of P2X3 protein expression in the L4-6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG); (2) amplified P2X currents in isolated isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive muscle DRG neurons; and (3) amplification of the P2X-mediated BP response. We further verified that both A-317491 and siRNA knockdown of P2X3 significantly decreased the activity of P2X currents in isolated muscle DRG neurons. Moreover, inhibition of muscle afferents' P2X3 receptor using A-317491 was observed to alleviate the exaggerated BP response induced by static muscle contraction and P2X-induced BP response by α,β-methylene ATP injection. P2X3 signalling pathway activity is amplified in muscle afferent DRG neurons in regulating the EPR following hindlimb IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Heart and Vascular InstitutePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qin Li
- Heart and Vascular InstitutePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jianhua Li
- Heart and Vascular InstitutePenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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3
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Hwang CD, Hoftiezer YAJ, Raasveld FV, Gomez-Eslava B, van der Heijden EPA, Jayakar S, Black BJ, Johnston BR, Wainger BJ, Renthal W, Woolf CJ, Eberlin KR. Biology and pathophysiology of symptomatic neuromas. Pain 2024; 165:550-564. [PMID: 37851396 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuromas are a substantial cause of morbidity and reduction in quality of life. This is not only caused by a disruption in motor and sensory function from the underlying nerve injury but also by the debilitating effects of neuropathic pain resulting from symptomatic neuromas. A wide range of surgical and therapeutic modalities have been introduced to mitigate this pain. Nevertheless, no single treatment option has been successful in completely resolving the associated constellation of symptoms. While certain novel surgical techniques have shown promising results in reducing neuroma-derived and phantom limb pain, their effectiveness and the exact mechanism behind their pain-relieving capacities have not yet been defined. Furthermore, surgery has inherent risks, may not be suitable for many patients, and may yet still fail to relieve pain. Therefore, there remains a great clinical need for additional therapeutic modalities to further improve treatment for patients with devastating injuries that lead to symptomatic neuromas. However, the molecular mechanisms and genetic contributions behind the regulatory programs that drive neuroma formation-as well as the resulting neuropathic pain-remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the histopathological features of symptomatic neuromas, our current understanding of the mechanisms that favor neuroma formation, and the putative contributory signals and regulatory programs that facilitate somatic pain, including neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammatory peptides, cytokines, along with transient receptor potential, and ionotropic channels that suggest possible approaches and innovations to identify novel clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Hwang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yannick Albert J Hoftiezer
- Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Floris V Raasveld
- Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gomez-Eslava
- Hand and Arm Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E P A van der Heijden
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Den Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - Selwyn Jayakar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bryan James Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UMass Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin R Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian J Wainger
- Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kyle R Eberlin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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Chen Y, Hu J, Qi F, Kang Y, Zhang T, Wang L. Acute pulpitis promotes purinergic signaling to induce pain in rats via P38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241234451. [PMID: 38325814 PMCID: PMC10868473 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241234451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Toothache is one of the most common types of pain, but the mechanisms underlying pulpitis-induced pain remain unknown. The ionotropic purinergic receptor family (P2X) is reported to mediate nociception in the nervous system. This study aims to investigate the involvement of P2X3 in the sensitisation of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the inflammation caused by acute pulpitis. An acute tooth inflammation model was established by applying LPS to the pulp of SD rats. We found that the increased expression of P2X3 was induced by acute pulpitis. A selective P2X3 inhibitor (A-317491) reduced pain-like behavior in the maxillofacial region of rats and depressed the activation of neurons in the trigeminal ganglion induced by pulpitis. The upregulated MAPK signaling (p-p38, p-ERK1/2) expression in the ipsilateral TG induced by pulpitis could also be depressed by the application of the P2X3 inhibitor. Furthermore, the expression of markers of inflammatory processes, such as NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β, could be induced by acute pulpitis and deduced by the intraperitoneal injection of P2X3 antagonists. Our findings demonstrate that purinergic P2X3 receptor signaling in TG neurons contributes to pulpitis-induced pain in rats and that P2X3 signaling may be a potential therapeutic target for tooth pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency and General Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Samhan-Arias AK, Poejo J, Marques-da-Silva D, Martínez-Costa OH, Gutierrez-Merino C. Are There Lipid Membrane-Domain Subtypes in Neurons with Different Roles in Calcium Signaling? Molecules 2023; 28:7909. [PMID: 38067638 PMCID: PMC10708093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid membrane nanodomains or lipid rafts are 10-200 nm diameter size cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains of the plasma membrane, gathering many proteins with different roles. Isolation and characterization of plasma membrane proteins by differential centrifugation and proteomic studies have revealed a remarkable diversity of proteins in these domains. The limited size of the lipid membrane nanodomain challenges the simple possibility that all of them can coexist within the same lipid membrane domain. As caveolin-1, flotillin isoforms and gangliosides are currently used as neuronal lipid membrane nanodomain markers, we first analyzed the structural features of these components forming nanodomains at the plasma membrane since they are relevant for building supramolecular complexes constituted by these molecular signatures. Among the proteins associated with neuronal lipid membrane nanodomains, there are a large number of proteins that play major roles in calcium signaling, such as ionotropic and metabotropic receptors for neurotransmitters, calcium channels, and calcium pumps. This review highlights a large variation between the calcium signaling proteins that have been reported to be associated with isolated caveolin-1 and flotillin-lipid membrane nanodomains. Since these calcium signaling proteins are scattered in different locations of the neuronal plasma membrane, i.e., in presynapses, postsynapses, axonal or dendritic trees, or in the neuronal soma, our analysis suggests that different lipid membrane-domain subtypes should exist in neurons. Furthermore, we conclude that classification of lipid membrane domains by their content in calcium signaling proteins sheds light on the roles of these domains for neuronal activities that are dependent upon the intracellular calcium concentration. Some examples described in this review include the synaptic and metabolic activity, secretion of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, neuronal excitability (long-term potentiation and long-term depression), axonal and dendritic growth but also neuronal cell survival and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Sols-Morreale’ (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- LSRE—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering and LCM—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal;
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena-Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Oscar H. Martínez-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Sols-Morreale’ (CSIC-UAM), C/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
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6
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Lee PR, Kim J, Rossi HL, Chung S, Han SY, Kim J, Oh SB. Transcriptional profiling of dental sensory and proprioceptive trigeminal neurons using single-cell RNA sequencing. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:45. [PMID: 37749100 PMCID: PMC10519964 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental primary afferent (DPA) neurons and proprioceptive mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) neurons, located in the trigeminal ganglion and the brainstem, respectively, are essential for controlling masticatory functions. Despite extensive transcriptomic studies on various somatosensory neurons, there is still a lack of knowledge about the molecular identities of these populations due to technical challenges in their circuit-validated isolation. Here, we employed high-depth single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in combination with retrograde tracing in mice to identify intrinsic transcriptional features of DPA and MTN neurons. Our transcriptome analysis revealed five major types of DPA neurons with cell type-specific gene enrichment, some of which exhibit unique mechano-nociceptive properties capable of transmitting nociception in response to innocuous mechanical stimuli in the teeth. Furthermore, we discovered cellular heterogeneity within MTN neurons that potentially contribute to their responsiveness to mechanical stretch in the masseter muscle spindles. Additionally, DPA and MTN neurons represented sensory compartments with distinct molecular profiles characterized by various ion channels, receptors, neuropeptides, and mechanoreceptors. Together, our study provides new biological insights regarding the highly specialized mechanosensory functions of DPA and MTN neurons in pain and proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pa Reum Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather Lynn Rossi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sena Chung
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yub Han
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activation suppresses ATP currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology 2023; 227:109443. [PMID: 36709909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
P2X3 receptors and group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been found to be expressed in primary sensory neurons. P2X3 receptors participate in a variety of pain processes, while the activation of mGluRs has an analgesic effect. However, it's still unclear whether there is a link between them in pain. Herein, we reported that the group II mGluR activation inhibited the electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Group II mGluR agonist LY354740 concentration-dependently decreased P2X3 receptor-mediated and α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-evoked inward currents in DRG neurons. LY354740 significantly suppressed the maximum response of P2X3 receptor to α,β-meATP, but did not change their affinity. Inhibition of ATP currents by LY354740 was blocked by the group II mGluR antagonist LY341495, also prevented by the intracellular dialysis of either the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP, or the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Moreover, LY354740 decreased α,β-meATP-induced membrane potential depolarization and action potential bursts in DRG neurons. Finally, intraplantar injection of LY354740 also relieved α,β-meATP-induced spontaneous nociceptive behaviors and mechanical allodynia in rats by activating peripheral group Ⅱ mGluRs. These results indicated that peripheral group II mGluR activation inhibited the functional activity of P2X3 receptors via a Gi/o protein and cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in rat DRG neurons, which revealed a novel mechanism underlying analgesic effects of peripheral group II mGluRs. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Purinergic Signaling: 50 years".
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8
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He XF, Kang YR, Fei XY, Chen LH, Li X, Ma YQ, Hu QQ, Qu SY, Wang HZ, Shao XM, Liu BY, Yi-Liang, Du JY, Fang JQ, Jiang YL. Inhibition of phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα relieves streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic pain through regulation of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:99-111. [PMID: 34973115 PMCID: PMC9984656 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is frequent among patients with diabetes. We previously showed that P2X3 upregulation in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) plays a role in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DNP but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, a rat model of DNP was established by a single injection of STZ (65 mg/kg). Fasting blood glucose was significantly elevated from the 1st to 3rd week. Paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs) in diabetic rats significantly reduced from the 2nd to 3rd week. Western blot analysis revealed that elevated p-CaMKIIα levels in the DRG of DNP rats were accompanied by pain-associated behaviors while CaMKIIα levels were unchanged. Immunofluorescence revealed significant increase in the proportion of p-CaMKIIα immune positive DRG neurons (stained with NeuN) in the 2nd and 3rd week and p-CaMKIIα was co-expressed with P2X3 in DNP rats. KN93, a CaMKII antagonist, significantly reduce mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia and these effects varied dose-dependently, and suppressed p-CaMKIIα and P2X3 upregulation in the DRGs of DNP rats. These results revealed that the p-CaMKIIα upregulation in DRG is involved in DNP, which possibly mediated P2X3 upregulation, indicating CaMKIIα may be an effective pharmacological target for DNP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yu Fei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupucture, the Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated To Tongxiang Health School, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314500, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Hu QQ, He XF, Ma YQ, Ma LQ, Qu SY, Wang HZ, Kang YR, Chen LH, Li X, Liu BY, Shao XM, Fang JF, Liang Y, Fang JQ, Jiang YL. Dorsal root ganglia P2X4 and P2X7 receptors contribute to diabetes-induced hyperalgesia and the downregulation of electroacupuncture on P2X4 and P2X7. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:29-41. [PMID: 35218450 PMCID: PMC9984662 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is highly common in diabetes patients. P2X receptors play critical roles in pain sensitization. We previously showed that elevated P2X3 expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to DNP. However, the role of other P2X receptors in DNP is unclear. Here, we established the DNP model using a single high-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection and investigated the expression of P2X genes in the DRG. Our data revealed elevated P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA levels in DRG of DNP rats. The protein levels of P2X4 and P2X7 in DNP rats increased, but the P2X2 did not change significantly. To study the role of P2X4 and P2X7 in diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, we treated the DNP rats with TNP-ATP (2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate), a nonspecific P2X1-7 antagonist, and found that TNP-ATP alleviated thermal hyperalgesia in DNP rats. 2 Hz electroacupuncture is analgesic against DNP and could downregulate P2X4 and P2X7 expression in DRG. Our findings indicate that P2X4 and P2X7 in L4-L6 DRGs contribute to diabetes-induced hyperalgesia, and that EA reduces thermal hyperalgesia and the expression of P2X4 and P2X7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Hang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Qiao WL, Li Q, Hao JW, Wei S, Li XM, Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. Enhancement of P2X3 Receptor-Mediated Currents by Lysophosphatidic Acid in Rat Primary Sensory Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928647. [PMID: 35795546 PMCID: PMC9251206 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid metabolite, plays a role in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain through LPA1 receptors. P2X3 receptor has also been shown to participate in these pathological processes. However, it is still unclear whether there is a link between LPA signaling and P2X3 receptors in pain. Herein, we show that a functional interaction between them in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Pretreatment of LPA concentration-dependently enhanced α,β-methylene-ATP (α,β-meATP)-induced inward currents mediated by P2X3 receptors. LPA significantly increased the maximal current response of α,β-meATP, showing an upward shift of the concentration-response curve for α,β-meATP. The LPA enhancement was independent on the clamping-voltage. Enhancement of P2X3 receptor-mediated currents by LPA was prevented by the LPA1 receptor antagonist Ki16198, but not by the LPA2 receptor antagonist H2L5185303. The LPA-induced potentiation was also attenuated by intracellular dialysis of either G-protein inhibitor or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, but not by Rho inhibitor. Moreover, LPA significantly changed the membrane potential depolarization and action potential burst induced by α,β-meATP in DRG neurons. Finally, LPA exacerbated α,β-meATP- induced nociceptive behaviors in rats. These results suggested that LPA potentiated the functional activity of P2X3 receptors in rat primary sensory neurons through activation of the LPA1 receptor and its downstream PKC rather than Rho signaling pathway, indicating a novel peripheral mechanism underlying the sensitization of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jia-Wei Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xue-Mei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wang-Ping Hu,
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11
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Inoue K. Overview for the study of P2 receptors: From P2 receptor history to neuropathic pain studies. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 149:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Holzer AK, Suciu I, Karreman C, Goj T, Leist M. Specific Attenuation of Purinergic Signaling during Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073734. [PMID: 35409095 PMCID: PMC8998302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral neuropathies are poorly understood, and the availability of experimental models limits further research. The PeriTox test uses immature dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-like neurons, derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), to assess cell death and neurite damage. Here, we explored the suitability of matured peripheral neuron cultures for the detection of sub-cytotoxic endpoints, such as altered responses of pain-related P2X receptors. A two-step differentiation protocol, involving the transient expression of ectopic neurogenin-1 (NGN1) allowed for the generation of homogeneous cultures of sensory neurons. After >38 days of differentiation, they showed a robust response (Ca2+-signaling) to the P2X3 ligand α,β-methylene ATP. The clinical proteasome inhibitor bortezomib abolished the P2X3 signal at ≥5 nM, while 50−200 nM was required in the PeriTox test to identify neurite damage and cell death. A 24 h treatment with low nM concentrations of bortezomib led to moderate increases in resting cell intracellular Ca2+ concentration but signaling through transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) receptors or depolarization-triggered Ca2+ influx remained unaffected. We interpreted the specific attenuation of purinergic signaling as a functional cell stress response. A reorganization of tubulin to form dense structures around the cell somata confirmed a mild, non-cytotoxic stress triggered by low concentrations of bortezomib. The proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib, delanzomib, epoxomicin, and MG-132 showed similar stress responses. Thus, the model presented here may be used for the profiling of new proteasome inhibitors in regard to their side effect (neuropathy) potential, or for pharmacological studies on the attenuation of their neurotoxicity. P2X3 signaling proved useful as endpoint to assess potential neurotoxicants in peripheral neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Holzer
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Ilinca Suciu
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christiaan Karreman
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Thomas Goj
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; (A.-K.H.); (I.S.); (C.K.); (T.G.)
- CAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-7531-88-5037
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13
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The Role of ATP Receptors in Pain Signaling. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2454-2468. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Holzer AK, Karreman C, Suciu I, Furmanowsky LS, Wohlfarth H, Loser D, Dirks WG, Pardo González E, Leist M. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:727-741. [PMID: 35689659 PMCID: PMC9299516 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of the peripheral nervous system would benefit from further refinements to better support studies on neuropathies. In particular, the assessment of pain-related signals is still difficult in human cell cultures. Here, we harnessed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate peripheral sensory neurons enriched in nociceptors. The objective was to generate a culture system with signaling endpoints suitable for pharmacological and toxicological studies. Neurons generated by conventional differentiation protocols expressed moderate levels of P2X3 purinergic receptors and only low levels of TRPV1 capsaicin receptors, when maturation time was kept to the upper practically useful limit of 6 weeks. As alternative approach, we generated cells with an inducible NGN1 transgene. Ectopic expression of this transcription factor during a defined time window of differentiation resulted in highly enriched nociceptor cultures, as determined by functional (P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors) and immunocytochemical phenotyping, complemented by extensive transcriptome profiling. Single cell recordings of Ca2+-indicator fluorescence from >9000 cells were used to establish the “fraction of reactive cells” in a stimulated population as experimental endpoint, that appeared robust, transparent and quantifiable. To provide an example of application to biomedical studies, functional consequences of prolonged exposure to the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin were examined at non-cytotoxic concentrations. We found (i) neuronal (allodynia-like) hypersensitivity to otherwise non-activating mechanical stimulation that could be blocked by modulators of voltage-gated sodium channels; (ii) hyper-responsiveness to TRPV1 receptor stimulation. These findings and several other measured functional alterations indicate that the model is suitable for pharmacological and toxicological studies related to peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Holzer
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Graduate School Biological Sciences (GBS), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christiaan Karreman
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ilinca Suciu
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lara-Seline Furmanowsky
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Harald Wohlfarth
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dominik Loser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm G Dirks
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures and German Biological Resource Center, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Emilio Pardo González
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- Corresponding author: Marcel Leist, PhD, In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Dept Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation at the University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, Konstanz 78457, Germany.
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15
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Khojastehnezhad A, Taghavi F, Yaghoobi E, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM. Recent achievements and advances in optical and electrochemical aptasensing detection of ATP based on quantum dots. Talanta 2021; 235:122753. [PMID: 34517621 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of high sensitive and selective biosensing platforms areessential goals to precisely recognize biomaterials in biological assays. In particular, determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the main energy currency of the cells and one of the most important biomolecules in living organisms is a pressing need in advanced biological detection. Recently, aptamer-based biosensors are introduced as a new direct strategy in which the aptamers (Apts) directly bind to the different targets and detect them on the basis of conformational changes and physical interactions. They can also be conjugated to optical and electronic probes such as quantum dot (QD) nanomaterials and provide unique QD aptasensing platforms. Currently, these Apt-based biosensors with excellent recognition features have attracted extensive attention due to the high specificity, rapid response and facile construction. Therefore, in this review article, recent achievements and advances in aptasensing detection of ATP based on different detection methods and types of QDs are discussed. In this regard, the optical and electrochemical aptasensors have been categorized based on detection methods; fluorescence (FL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) and they have been also divided to two main groups based on QDs; metal-based (M-based) and carbon-based (C-based) materials. Then, their advantages and limitations have been highlighted, compared and discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khojastehnezhad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Taghavi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Yaghoobi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Oxidative Stress Caused by Ozone Exposure Induces Changes in P2X7 Receptors, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration in the Rat Hippocampus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3790477. [PMID: 34790285 PMCID: PMC8592727 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3790477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-ozone doses cause alterations in the oxidation-reduction mechanisms due to the increase in reactive oxygen species, alter cell signaling, and produce deleterious metabolic responses for cells. Adenosine 5'triphosphate (ATP) can act as a mediator in intercellular communication between neurons and glial cells. When there is an increase in extracellular ATP, a modification is promoted in the regulation of inflammation, energy metabolism, by affecting the intracellular signaling pathways that participate in these processes. The objective of this work was to study changes in the P2X7 receptor, and their relationship with the inflammatory response and energy metabolism, in a model of progressive neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of rats chronically exposed to low-ozone doses. Therefore, 72 male rats were exposed to low-ozone doses for different periods of time. After exposure to ozone was finished, rats were processed for immunohistochemical techniques, western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and histological techniques for periodic acid-Schiff staining. The results showed immunoreactivity changes in the amount of the P2X7 protein. There was an increase in phosphorylation for glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) as treatment continued. There were also increases in 27 interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) and a decrease in interleukin 10 (IL-10). Furthermore, neuronal glycogen was found at 30 and 60 days, and an increase in caspase 3. An increase in mRNA was also shown for the P2X7 gene at 60 days, and GSK3-β at 90 days of exposure. In conclusion, these results suggest that repeated exposure to low-ozone doses, such as those that can occur during highly polluted days, causes a state of oxidative stress, leading to alterations in the P2X7 receptors, which promote changes in the activation of signaling pathways for inflammatory processes and cell death, converging at a progressive neurodegeneration process, as may be happening in Alzheimer's disease.
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Inoue H, Kuroda H, Ofusa W, Oyama S, Kimura M, Ichinohe T, Shibukawa Y. Functional Coupling between the P2X 7 Receptor and Pannexin-1 Channel in Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115978. [PMID: 34205953 PMCID: PMC8198496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionotropic P2X receptor, P2X7, is believed to regulate and/or generate nociceptive pain, and pain in several neuropathological diseases. Although there is a known relationship between P2X7 receptor activity and pain sensing, its detailed functional properties in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons remains unclear. We examined the electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of the P2X7 receptor and its functional coupling with other P2X receptors and pannexin-1 (PANX1) channels in primary cultured rat TG neurons, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Application of ATP and Bz-ATP induced long-lasting biphasic inward currents that were more sensitive to extracellular Bz-ATP than ATP, indicating that the current was carried by P2X7 receptors. While the biphasic current densities of the first and second components were increased by Bz-ATP in a concentration dependent manner; current duration was only affected in the second component. These currents were significantly inhibited by P2X7 receptor antagonists, while only the second component was inhibited by P2X1, 3, and 4 receptor antagonists, PANX1 channel inhibitors, and extracellular ATPase. Taken together, our data suggests that autocrine or paracrine signaling via the P2X7-PANX1-P2X receptor/channel complex may play important roles in several pain sensing pathways via long-lasting neuronal activity driven by extracellular high-concentration ATP following tissue damage in the orofacial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Hidetaka Kuroda
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Wataru Ofusa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Sadao Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Ichinohe
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Shibukawa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; (H.I.); (H.K.); (W.O.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Huang Z, Xie N, Illes P, Di Virgilio F, Ulrich H, Semyanov A, Verkhratsky A, Sperlagh B, Yu SG, Huang C, Tang Y. From purines to purinergic signalling: molecular functions and human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:162. [PMID: 33907179 PMCID: PMC8079716 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these purines support, as chemical messengers, purinergic transmission throughout tissues and species. Purines act as endogenous ligands that bind to and activate plasmalemmal purinoceptors, which mediate extracellular communication referred to as "purinergic signalling". Purinergic signalling is cross-linked with other transmitter networks to coordinate numerous aspects of cell behaviour such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and other physiological processes critical for the proper function of organisms. Pathological deregulation of purinergic signalling contributes to various diseases including neurodegeneration, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Particularly, gout is one of the most prevalent purine-related disease caused by purine metabolism disorder and consequent hyperuricemia. Compelling evidence indicates that purinoceptors are potential therapeutic targets, with specific purinergic agonists and antagonists demonstrating prominent therapeutic potential. Furthermore, dietary and herbal interventions help to restore and balance purine metabolism, thus addressing the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and relief of human disorders. Profound understanding of molecular mechanisms of purinergic signalling provides new and exciting insights into the treatment of human diseases.
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Grants
- National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1709101,2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251, 81373735, 81972665), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B030302012), the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2018/07366-4), Russian Science Foundation grant 20-14-00241, NSFC-BFBR;and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251).
- National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B030302012).
- the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901) and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108).
- the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901), and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Nickolls AR, Lee MM, Espinoza DF, Szczot M, Lam RM, Wang Q, Beers J, Zou J, Nguyen MQ, Solinski HJ, AlJanahi AA, Johnson KR, Ward ME, Chesler AT, Bönnemann CG. Transcriptional Programming of Human Mechanosensory Neuron Subtypes from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 30:932-946.e7. [PMID: 31968264 PMCID: PMC7059559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and homogeneous in vitro generation of peripheral sensory neurons may provide a framework for novel drug screening platforms and disease models of touch and pain. We discover that, by ovesssrexpressing NGN2 and BRN3A, human pluripotent stem cells can be transcriptionally programmed to differentiate into a surprisingly uniform culture of cold- and mechano-sensing neurons. Although such a neuronal subtype is not found in mice, we identify molecular evidence for its existence in human sensory ganglia. Combining NGN2 and BRN3A programming with neural crest patterning, we produce two additional populations of sensory neurons, including a specialized touch receptor neuron subtype. Finally, we apply this system to model a rare inherited sensory disorder of touch and proprioception caused by inactivating mutations in PIEZO2. Together, these findings establish an approach to specify distinct sensory neuron subtypes in vitro, underscoring the utility of stem cell technology to capture human-specific features of physiology and disease. Nickolls et al. develop a method, using human stem cells, to generate specific types of sensory neurons that detect cold temperature and mechanical force. This approach uncovers a class of neuron found in humans, but not mice, and enables the modeling of a rare sensory disorder of touch and proprioception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Nickolls
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michelle M Lee
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F Espinoza
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcin Szczot
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruby M Lam
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeanette Beers
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minh Q Nguyen
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hans J Solinski
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aisha A AlJanahi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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20
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Jarvis MF. Geoffery Burnstock's influence on the evolution of P2X3 receptor pharmacology. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:33-39. [PMID: 33029713 PMCID: PMC7955014 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Jarvis
- Global Medical Affairs, Abbvie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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21
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Inoue K, Tsuda M. Nociceptive signaling mediated by P2X3, P2X4 and P2X7 receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114309. [PMID: 33130129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition that often occurs following peripheral tissue inflammation and nerve injury. This pain, especially neuropathic pain, is a significant clinical problem because of the ineffectiveness of clinically available drugs. Since Burnstock proposed new roles of nucleotides as neurotransmitters, the roles of extracellular ATP and P2 receptors (P2Rs) in pain signaling have been extensively studied, and ATP-P2R signaling has subsequently received much attention as it can provide clues toward elucidating the mechanisms underlying chronic pain and serve as a potential therapeutic target. This review summarizes the literature regarding the role of ATP signaling via P2X3Rs (as well as P2X2/3Rs) in primary afferent neurons and via P2X4Rs and P2X7Rs in spinal cord microglia in chronic pain, and discusses their respective therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Inoue
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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22
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Abstract
The pulp-dentin complex is innervated by a high density of trigeminal neurons free nerve endings. These neuronal fibers are highly specialized to sense noxious stimuli such as thermal, mechanical, chemical, and biological cues. This robust alert system provides immediate feedback of potential or actual injury triggering reflex responses that protect the teeth from further injury. In the case of patients, pain is the most important experience that leads them to seek oral health care. The adequate removal of the etiology, such as caries, provides ample opportunity for the robust reparative and regenerative potential of the pulp-dentin complex to restore homeostasis. In addition to this elaborated surveillance system, evidence has accumulated that sensory neuronal fibers can potentially modulate various steps of the reparative and regenerative process through cellular communication processes. These include modulation of immunologic, angiogenic, and mineralization responses. Despite these orchestrated cellular events, the defense of the pulp-dentin complex may be overwhelmed, resulting in pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis. Regenerative endodontic procedures have evolved to restore the once lost function of the pulp-dentin complex. After these procedures, a large subset of successful cases demonstrates a positive response to sensitivity testing, suggesting reinnervation of the canal space. This process is likely mediated through cellular and noncellular release of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived nerve growth factor. In addition, these newly recruited nerve fibers appear equipped to sense thermal stimuli through nonhydrodynamic mechanisms. Collectively, the significance of innervation in the normal physiology of the pulp-dentin complex and its role in regeneration need to be better appreciated to promote further research in this area that could potentially bring new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
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23
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Retrograde Labeling of Different Distribution Features of DRG P2X2 and P2X3 Receptors in a Neuropathic Pain Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9861459. [PMID: 32775458 PMCID: PMC7396081 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9861459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The distributions of P2X subtypes during peripheral neuropathic pain conditions and their differential roles are not fully understood. To explore these characteristics, the lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) sciatic nerve rat model was studied. Retrograde trace labeling combined with immunofluorescence technology was applied to analyze the distribution of neuropathic nociceptive P2X1-6 receptors. Our results suggest that Fluoro-Gold (FG) retrograde trace labeling is an efficient method for studying lumbosacral DRG neurons in the CCI rat model, especially when the DRG neurons are divided into small, medium, and large subgroups. We found that neuropathic nociceptive lumbosacral DRG neurons (i.e., FG-positive cells) were significantly increased in medium DRG neurons, while they declined in the large DRG neurons in the CCI group. P2X3 receptors were markedly upregulated in medium while P2X2 receptors were significantly decreased in small FG-positive DRG neurons. There were no significant changes in other P2X receptors (including P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, and P2X6). We anticipate that P2X receptors modulate nociceptive sensitivity primarily through P2X3 subtypes that are upregulated in medium neuropathic nociceptive DRG neurons and/or via the downregulation of P2X2 cells in neuropathic nociceptive small DRG neurons.
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24
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Krajewski JL. P2X3-Containing Receptors as Targets for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:826-838. [PMID: 33009633 PMCID: PMC7609758 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for the treatment of chronic pain provide inadequate relief for millions of suffering patients, demonstrating the need for better therapies that will treat pain effectively and improve the quality of patient's lives. Better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate chronic pain is critical for developing drugs with improved clinical outcomes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key modulator in nociceptive pathways. Release of ATP from injured tissue or sympathetic efferents has sensitizing effects on sensory neurons in the periphery, and presynaptic vesicular release of ATP from the central terminals can increase glutamate release thereby potentiating downstream central sensitization mechanisms, a condition thought to underlie many chronic pain conditions. The purinergic receptors on sensory nerves primarily responsible for ATP signaling are P2X3 and P2X2/3. Selective knockdown experiments, or inhibition with small molecules, demonstrate P2X3-containing receptors are key targets to modulate nociceptive signals. Preclinical studies have identified that P2X3-containing receptors are critical for sensory transduction for bladder function, and clinical studies have shown promise in treatment for bladder pain and pain associated with osteoarthritis. Further clinical characterization of antagonists to P2X3-containing receptors may lead to improved therapies in the treatment of chronic pain.
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25
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Abstract
Purinergic signaling was proposed in 1972, after it was demonstrated that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was a transmitter in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves supplying the guinea-pig taenia coli. Later, ATP was identified as an excitatory cotransmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and it is now apparent that ATP acts as a cotransmitter in most, if not all, nerves in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS). ATP acts as a short-term signaling molecule in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and neurosecretion. It also has potent, long-term (trophic) roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in development and regeneration. Receptors to purines and pyrimidines have been cloned and characterized: P1 adenosine receptors (with four subtypes), P2X ionotropic nucleotide receptors (seven subtypes) and P2Y metabotropic nucleotide receptors (eight subtypes). ATP is released from different cell types by mechanical deformation, and after release, it is rapidly broken down by ectonucleotidases. Purinergic receptors were expressed early in evolution and are widely distributed on many different nonneuronal cell types as well as neurons. Purinergic signaling is involved in embryonic development and in the activities of stem cells. There is a growing understanding about the pathophysiology of purinergic signaling and there are therapeutic developments for a variety of diseases, including stroke and thrombosis, osteoporosis, pain, chronic cough, kidney failure, bladder incontinence, cystic fibrosis, dry eye, cancer, and disorders of the CNS, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. and Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, and neuropsychiatric and mood disorders.
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26
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Racigh V, Ormazábal A, Palma J, Pierdominici-Sottile G. Positively Charged Residues in the Head Domain of P2X4 Receptors Assist the Binding of ATP. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:923-932. [PMID: 31747275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
P2X receptors are a family of trimeric cationic channels located in the membrane of mammalian cells. They open in response to the binding of ATP. The differences between the closed and open structures have been described in detail for some members of the family. However, the order in which the conformational changes take place as ATP enters the binding cleft, and the residues involved in the intermediate stages, are still unknown. Here, we present the results of umbrella sampling simulations aimed to elucidate the sequence of conformational changes that occur during the reversible binding of ATP to the P2X4 receptor. The simulations also provided information about the interactions that develop in the course of the process. In particular, they revealed the existence of a metastable state which assists the binding. This state is stabilized by positively charged residues located in the head domain of the receptor. Based on these findings, we propose a novel mechanism for the capture of ATP by P2X4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Racigh
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Técnicas , CONICET , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Agustín Ormazábal
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Técnicas , CONICET , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Juliana Palma
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Técnicas , CONICET , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Gustavo Pierdominici-Sottile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientficas y Técnicas , CONICET , B1876BXD Bernal, Buenos Aires , Argentina
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27
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2 Hz EA Reduces Heroin Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia and Heroin Relapse by Downregulating P2X3 Receptors in DRG Neurons. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1873859. [PMID: 31950033 PMCID: PMC6944962 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1873859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) has effective analgesic effects. Our previous study demonstrated that the upregulation of P2X3 receptors in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) might participate in heroin withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia. The aim of this study is to further explore whether 2 Hz EA reduces heroin relapse associated with its analgesic effect and whether P2X3 receptors in the DRG are involved in this process. 2 Hz EA was adopted to treat the heroin SA rats in the present study. Heroin-seeking and pain sensitivity were evaluated. The expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG was detected. Our results showed that compared with the control group, the reinstatement, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia of the heroin-addicted group were increased significantly. The expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG was increased markedly. After being treated using 2 Hz EA, reinstatement was reduced, hyperalgesia was decreased, and the upregulated expression of P2X3 receptors in the DRG had decreased significantly compared to that in the heroin-addicted group. Consequently, our results indicated that 2 Hz EA was an effective method for treating heroin-induced hyperalgesia and helping prevent relapse, and the potential mechanism might be related to the downregulation of P2X3 receptor expression in the DRG.
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28
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Lee PR, Lee JY, Kim HB, Lee JH, Oh SB. TRPM8 Mediates Hyperosmotic Stimuli-Induced Nociception in Dental Afferents. J Dent Res 2019; 99:107-114. [PMID: 31718465 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519886847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolar sweet foods onto exposed tooth dentin evoke sudden and intense dental pain, called dentin hypersensitivity. However, it remains unclear how hyperosmolar stimuli excite dental primary afferent (DPA) neurons and thereby lead to dentin hypersensitivity. This study elucidated whether TRPM8, which is well known as a cold temperature- or menthol-activated receptor, additionally mediates nociception in response to hyperosmolar stimuli in adult mouse DPA neurons, which are identified by a fluorescent retrograde tracer: DiI. Single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in subsets of DPA neurons and that TRPM8 was highly colocalized with TRPV1 and Piezo2. Immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed TRPM8 expression in DPA neurons. By using Fura-2-based calcium imaging, application of hyperosmolar sucrose solutions elicited calcium transients in subsets of the trigeminal ganglion neurons, which was significantly abolished by a selective TRPM8 antagonist: N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)methoxy]-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide (AMTB) hydrochloride. When we further examined changes of c-fos expression (a neuronal activation marker) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after hyperosmolar stimulation onto exposed tooth dentin, c-fos mRNA and protein expression were increased and were also significantly reduced by AMTB, especially in the spinal trigeminal interpolaris-caudalis transition zone (Vi/Vc). Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that TRPM8 expressed in DPA neurons might mediate dental pain as a hyperosmosensor in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yılmaz B, Dinçol ME, Yalçın TY. A bibliometric analysis of the 103 top-cited articles in endodontics. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:574-583. [PMID: 31174442 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1621378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the 100 top-cited articles in endodontics and analyse their bibliometric characteristics. Material and methods: The Web of Science database was reviewed to identify the relevant articles. Results: One hundred and three articles were included because the last four articles had the same number of citations. The top-cited article received 2115 citations. The articles were published in 28 different journals, with the most popular publication being the Journal of Endodontics (n = 36). The most prolific country was the United States (n = 41), followed by Sweden (n = 17) and Switzerland (n = 8). The most prolific author and institution were M. Torabinejad (n = 12) and Umeå University (n = 9), respectively. The majority of articles were of a basic science nature (n = 55), while endodontic microbiology (n = 24) was the most frequent subspecialty. The most common study design used in clinical articles was non-randomized experimental study (n = 5). Half of the clinical articles (n = 11) had a level III evidence score. Conclusions: The present citation analysis provides insights into the historical progress and current trends in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Yılmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Byers MR. Chewing causes rapid changes in immunoreactive nerve patterns in rat molar teeth: Implications for dental proprioception and pain. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104511. [PMID: 31445382 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that normal use of teeth (chewing) causes changes in immunoreactive-(IR) patterns for endings of large Aβ and CGRP axons in rat molar cusps. DESIGN First, a new paradigm to test chewing in adult male rats was developed. Then IR patterns for large dental axons were analysed for a calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin (PV), heavy neurofilament protein-200 (NFP), and vesicle-release molecule synaptophysin (SYN) that all typify large dental axons and proprioceptors for comparison with endings of CGRP-IR neuropeptide axons. The behavior groups were: (1) daytime sleeping/fasting (Group:SF); (2) brief feeding after 8-11 h of daytime sleeping/fasting (Group:SF-C); (3) normal nocturnal feeding (Group:N); (4) nocturnal fasting (Group:NF); (5) brief feeding/chewing after nocturnal fasting (Group:NF-C). RESULTS Nerve endings with NFP-, PV-, or SYN-IR were lost or altered in pulp and dentin in all chewing groups. Other endings with CGRP-IR were near those with PV-, NFP- and SYN-IR at the pulp-dentin border and in dentin, and they also lost immunoreactivity in all chewing groups. The special beaded regions along the crown pulp/dentin borders lost neural labeling in all chewing groups. Nerves of molar roots and periodontal ligament were not changed. CONCLUSIONS Rapid neural reactions to chewing show extensive, reversible, non-nociceptive depletions of crown innervation. Those changes were rapid enough to occur during normal feeding followed by recovery during rest. The new dental paradigm related to chewing and fasting allows dissection of intradental proprioceptive-like mechanisms during normal tooth functions for comparison with nociceptive and mechanosensitive reactions after injury or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Byers
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-6540 USA.
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31
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Li M, Wang Y, Banerjee R, Marinelli F, Silberberg S, Faraldo-Gómez JD, Hattori M, Swartz KJ. Molecular mechanisms of human P2X3 receptor channel activation and modulation by divalent cation bound ATP. eLife 2019; 8:47060. [PMID: 31232692 PMCID: PMC6590987 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X3 receptor channels expressed in sensory neurons are activated by extracellular ATP and serve important roles in nociception and sensory hypersensitization, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Although several P2X3 structures are known, it is unclear how physiologically abundant Ca2+-ATP and Mg2+-ATP activate the receptor, or how divalent cations regulate channel function. We used structural, computational and functional approaches to show that a crucial acidic chamber near the nucleotide-binding pocket in human P2X3 receptors accommodates divalent ions in two distinct modes in the absence and presence of nucleotide. The unusual engagement between the receptor, divalent ion and the γ-phosphate of ATP enables channel activation by ATP-divalent complex, cooperatively stabilizes the nucleotide on the receptor to slow ATP unbinding and recovery from desensitization, a key mechanism for limiting channel activity. These findings reveal how P2X3 receptors recognize and are activated by divalent-bound ATP, aiding future physiological investigations and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeng Li
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Fabrizio Marinelli
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shai Silberberg
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - José D Faraldo-Gómez
- Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Multiscale Research Institute for Complex Systems, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenton Jon Swartz
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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32
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Lee K, Lee BM, Park CK, Kim YH, Chung G. Ion Channels Involved in Tooth Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092266. [PMID: 31071917 PMCID: PMC6539952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tooth has an unusual sensory system that converts external stimuli predominantly into pain, yet its sensory afferents in teeth demonstrate cytochemical properties of non-nociceptive neurons. This review summarizes the recent knowledge underlying this paradoxical nociception, with a focus on the ion channels involved in tooth pain. The expression of temperature-sensitive ion channels has been extensively investigated because thermal stimulation often evokes tooth pain. However, temperature-sensitive ion channels cannot explain the sudden intense tooth pain evoked by innocuous temperatures or light air puffs, leading to the hydrodynamic theory emphasizing the microfluidic movement within the dentinal tubules for detection by mechanosensitive ion channels. Several mechanosensitive ion channels expressed in dental sensory systems have been suggested as key players in the hydrodynamic theory, and TRPM7, which is abundant in the odontoblasts, and recently discovered PIEZO receptors are promising candidates. Several ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated ion channels expressed in dental primary afferent neurons have been discussed in relation to their potential contribution to tooth pain. In addition, in recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential sensory role of odontoblasts; thus, the expression of ion channels in odontoblasts and their potential relation to tooth pain is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Lee
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Byeong-Min Lee
- Department of Oral Physiology and Program in Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Korea.
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Oral Physiology and Program in Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Hossain MZ, Bakri MM, Yahya F, Ando H, Unno S, Kitagawa J. The Role of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Transduction of Dental Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030526. [PMID: 30691193 PMCID: PMC6387147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pain is a common health problem that negatively impacts the activities of daily living. Dentine hypersensitivity and pulpitis-associated pain are among the most common types of dental pain. Patients with these conditions feel pain upon exposure of the affected tooth to various external stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying dental pain, especially the transduction of external stimuli to electrical signals in the nerve, remain unclear. Numerous ion channels and receptors localized in the dental primary afferent neurons (DPAs) and odontoblasts have been implicated in the transduction of dental pain, and functional expression of various polymodal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has been detected in DPAs and odontoblasts. External stimuli-induced dentinal tubular fluid movement can activate TRP channels on DPAs and odontoblasts. The odontoblasts can in turn activate the DPAs by paracrine signaling through ATP and glutamate release. In pulpitis, inflammatory mediators may sensitize the DPAs. They could also induce post-translational modifications of TRP channels, increase trafficking of these channels to nerve terminals, and increase the sensitivity of these channels to stimuli. Additionally, in caries-induced pulpitis, bacterial products can directly activate TRP channels on DPAs. In this review, we provide an overview of the TRP channels expressed in the various tooth structures, and we discuss their involvement in the development of dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zakir Hossain
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Marina Mohd Bakri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Farhana Yahya
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hiroshi Ando
- Department of Biology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Shumpei Unno
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
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Pierdominici-Sottile G, Racigh V, Ormazábal A, Palma J. Charge Discrimination in P2X 4 Receptors Occurs in Two Consecutive Stages. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1017-1025. [PMID: 30624928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
P2X receptors are a group of trimeric cationic channels that are activated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate. They perform critical roles in the membranes of mammalian cells, and their improper functioning is associated with numerous diseases. Despite the vast amount of research devoted to them, several aspects of their operation are currently unclear, including the causes of their charge selectivity. We present the results of molecular dynamics simulation, which shed light on this issue for the case of P2X4 channels. We examined in detail the behavior of Na+ and Cl- ions inside the receptor. The examination reveals that charge discrimination occurs in two stages. First, cations bear precedence over anions to enter the extracellular vestibule. Then, cations at the extracellular vestibule are more likely to cross the pore than anions in an equivalent position. In this manner, a thorough but straightforward analysis of computational simulations suggests a stepwise mechanism, without a unique determinant factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pierdominici-Sottile
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , Bernal B1876BXD , Argentina
| | - Vanesa Racigh
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , Bernal B1876BXD , Argentina
| | - Agustín Ormazábal
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , Bernal B1876BXD , Argentina
| | - Juliana Palma
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas , Universidad Nacional de Quilmes , Sáenz Peña 352 , Bernal B1876BXD , Argentina
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35
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Pinto LG, Souza GR, Kusuda R, Lopes AH, Sant'Anna MB, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Cunha TM. Non-Peptidergic Nociceptive Neurons Are Essential for Mechanical Inflammatory Hypersensitivity in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5715-5728. [PMID: 30674034 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Small nerve fibers that bind the isolectin B4 (IB4+ C-fibers) are a subpopulation of primary afferent neurons that are involved in nociceptive sensory transduction and do not express the neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP). Several studies have attempted to elucidate the functional role of IB4+-nociceptors in different models of pain. However, a functional characterization of the non-peptidergic nociceptors in mediating mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity in mice is still lacking. To this end, in the present study, the neurotoxin IB4-Saporin (IB4-Sap) was employed to ablate non-peptidergic C-fibers. Firstly, we showed that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of IB4-Sap in mice depleted non-peptidergic C-fibers, since it decreased the expression of purinoceptor 3 (P2X3) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) as well as IB4 labelling in the spinal cord. Non-peptidergic C-fibers depletion did not alter the mechanical nociceptive threshold, but it inhibited the mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity induced by glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), but not nerve growth factor (NGF). Depletion of non-peptidergic C-fibers abrogated mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity induced by carrageenan. Finally, it was found that the inflammatory mediators PGE2 and epinephrine produced a mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity that was also blocked by depletion of non-peptidergic C-fibers. These data suggest that IB4-positive nociceptive nerve fibers are not involved in normal mechanical nociception but are sensitised by inflammatory stimuli and play a crucial role in mediating mechanical inflammatory hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Guilherme R Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Kusuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Morena B Sant'Anna
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Sérgio H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
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36
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Kinesins: Motor Proteins as Novel Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3854-3864. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Dunton CL, Purves JT, Hughes FM, Jin H, Nagatomi J. Elevated hydrostatic pressure stimulates ATP release which mediates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via P2X 4 in rat urothelial cells. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1607-1617. [PMID: 30099658 PMCID: PMC6129973 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) is a prevalent urological condition commonly accompanied by increased intravesical pressure, inflammation, and fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that pBOO results in increased NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation and that ATP is released from urothelial cells in response to elevated pressure. In the present study, we investigated the role of elevated pressure in triggering caspase-1 activation via purinergic receptors activation in urothelial cells. Rat urothelial cell line, MYP3 cells, was subjected to hydrostatic pressures of 15 cmH2O for 60 min, or 40 cmH2O for 1 min to simulate elevated storage and voiding pressure conditions, respectively. ATP concentration in the supernatant media and intracellular caspase-1 activity in cell lysates were measured. Pressure experiments were repeated in the presence of antagonists for purinergic receptors to determine the mechanism for pressure-induced caspase-1 activation. Exposure of MYP3 cells to both pressure conditions resulted in an increase in extracellular ATP levels and intracellular caspase-1 activity. Treatment with P2X7 antagonist led to a decrease in pressure-induced ATP release by MYP3 cells, while P2X4 antagonist had no effect but both antagonists inhibited pressure-induced caspase-1 activation. Moreover, when MYP3 cells were treated with extracellular ATP (500 µM), P2X4 antagonist inhibited ATP-induced caspase-1 activation, but not P2X7 antagonist. We concluded that pressure-induced extracellular ATP in urothelial cells is amplified by P2X7 receptor activation and ATP-induced-ATP release. The amplified ATP signal then activates P2X4 receptors, which mediate activation of the caspase-1 inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Dunton
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J Todd Purves
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis M Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huixia Jin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiro Nagatomi
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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38
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Dosch M, Gerber J, Jebbawi F, Beldi G. Mechanisms of ATP Release by Inflammatory Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041222. [PMID: 29669994 PMCID: PMC5979498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides (e.g., ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP) released by inflammatory cells interact with specific purinergic P2 type receptors to modulate their recruitment and activation. The focus of this review is on stimuli and mechanisms of extracellular nucleotide release and its consequences during inflammation. Necrosis leads to non-specific release of nucleotides, whereas specific release mechanisms include vesicular exocytosis and channel-mediated release via connexin or pannexin hemichannels. These release mechanisms allow stimulated inflammatory cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells to fine-tune autocrine/paracrine responses during acute and chronic inflammation. Key effector functions of inflammatory cells are therefore regulated by purinergic signaling in acute and chronic diseases, making extracellular nucleotide release a promising target for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Dosch
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joël Gerber
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Fadi Jebbawi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.
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39
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Monge-Fuentes V, Arenas C, Galante P, Gonçalves JC, Mortari MR, Schwartz EF. Arthropod toxins and their antinociceptive properties: From venoms to painkillers. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 188:176-185. [PMID: 29605457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex process of pain control commonly involves the use of systemic analgesics; however, in many cases, a more potent and effective polypharmacological approach is needed to promote clinically significant improvement. Additionally, considering side effects caused by current painkillers, drug discovery is once more turning to nature as a source of more efficient therapeutic alternatives. In this context, arthropod venoms contain a vast array of bioactive substances that have evolved to selectively bind to specific pharmacological targets involved in the pain signaling pathway, playing an important role as pain activators or modulators, the latter serving as promising analgesic agents. The current review explores how the pain pathway works and surveys neuroactive compounds obtained from arthropods' toxins, which function as pain modulators through their interaction with specific ion channels and membrane receptors, emerging as promising candidates for drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Monge-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Arenas
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Galante
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Coimbra Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
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40
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Kadala A, Sotelo-Hitschfeld P, Ahmad Z, Tripal P, Schmid B, Mueller A, Bernal L, Winter Z, Brauchi S, Lohbauer U, Messlinger K, Lennerz JK, Zimmermann K. Fluorescent Labeling and 2-Photon Imaging of Mouse Tooth Pulp Nociceptors. J Dent Res 2017; 97:460-466. [PMID: 29130364 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517740577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde fluorescent labeling of dental primary afferent neurons (DPANs) has been described in rats through crystalline fluorescent DiI, while in the mouse, this technique was achieved with only Fluoro-Gold, a neurotoxic fluorescent dye with membrane penetration characteristics superior to the carbocyanine dyes. We reevaluated this technique in the rat with the aim to transfer it to the mouse because comprehensive physiologic studies require access to the mouse as a model organism. Using conventional immunohistochemistry, we assessed in rats and mice the speed of axonal dye transport from the application site to the trigeminal ganglion, the numbers of stained DPANs, and the fluorescence intensity via 1) conventional crystalline DiI and 2) a novel DiI formulation with improved penetration properties and staining efficiency. A 3-dimensional reconstruction of an entire trigeminal ganglion with 2-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy permitted visualization of DPANs in all 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve. We quantified DPANs in mice expressing the farnesylated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFPf) from the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8EGFPf/+) locus in the 3 branches. We also evaluated the viability of the labeled DPANs in dissociated trigeminal ganglion cultures using calcium microfluorometry, and we assessed the sensitivity to capsaicin, an agonist of the TRPV1 receptor. Reproducible DiI labeling of DPANs in the mouse is an important tool 1) to investigate the molecular and functional specialization of DPANs within the trigeminal nociceptive system and 2) to recognize exclusive molecular characteristics that differentiate nociception in the trigeminal system from that in the somatic system. A versatile tool to enhance our understanding of the molecular composition and characteristics of DPANs will be essential for the development of mechanism-based therapeutic approaches for dentine hypersensitivity and inflammatory tooth pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kadala
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- 2 Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Z Ahmad
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Tripal
- 3 Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Schmid
- 3 Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Mueller
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L Bernal
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Z Winter
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Brauchi
- 2 Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - U Lohbauer
- 4 Klinik für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Messlinger
- 5 Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J K Lennerz
- 6 Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Zimmermann
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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41
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Wang X, Ackermann M, Neufurth M, Wang S, Li Q, Feng Q, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Restoration of Impaired Metabolic Energy Balance (ATP Pool) and Tube Formation Potential of Endothelial Cells under "high glucose", Diabetic Conditions by the Bioinorganic Polymer Polyphosphate. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E575. [PMID: 30965879 PMCID: PMC6418735 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-vascularization is a fast, energy-dependent process that is compromised by elevated glucose concentrations such as in diabetes mellitus disease. Here, we studied the effect of the physiological bioinorganic polymer, polyphosphate (polyP), on the reduced ATP content and impaired function of endothelial cells cultivated under "high glucose" (35 mM diabetes mellitus conditions) concentrations. This high-energy biopolymer has been shown to provide a source of metabolic energy, stored in its phosphoanhydride bonds. We show that exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cells) to "high glucose" levels results in reduced cell viability, increased apoptotic cell death, and a decline in intracellular ATP level. As a consequence, the ability of HUVEC cells to form tube-like structures in the in vitro cell tube formation assay was almost completely abolished under "high glucose" conditions. Those cells were grown onto a physiological collagen scaffold (collagen/basement membrane extract). We demonstrate that these adverse effects of increased glucose levels can be reversed by administration of polyP to almost normal values. Using Na-polyP, complexed in a stoichiometric (molar) ratio to Ca2+ ions and in the physiological concentration range between 30 and 300 µM, an almost complete restoration of the reduced ATP pool of cells exposed to "high glucose" was found, as well as a normalization of the number of apoptotic cells and energy-dependent tube formation. It is concluded that the adverse effects on endothelial cells caused by the metabolic energy imbalance at elevated glucose concentrations can be counterbalanced by polyP, potentially opening new strategies for treatment of the micro-vascular complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 13, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No. 50, Qixing Road, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Qingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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42
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He XF, Wei JJ, Shou SY, Fang JQ, Jiang YL. Effects of electroacupuncture at 2 and 100 Hz on rat type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain and hyperalgesia-related protein expression in the dorsal root ganglion. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:239-248. [PMID: 28271659 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at 2 and 100 Hz on type 2 diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) and on the expressions of the P2X3 receptor and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). METHODS Rat type 2 DNP was induced by a high calorie and high sugar diet fed for 7 weeks, plus a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) after 5 weeks. EA at 2 and 100 Hz was carried out once every day after 7 weeks for 7 consecutive days. Body weight, serum fasting insulin (FINS), fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were measured. The expressions of L4-L6 DRG P2X3 receptors and CGRP were assessed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Type 2 DNP was successfully induced as shown by the increased body weight, FINS, and FBG, as well as the reduced ISI and PWL. Expressions of P2X3 receptors and CGRP in L4-L6 DRGs increased. EA at both 2 and 100 Hz relieved type 2 DNP, but the analgesic effect of EA was stronger at 2 Hz. P2X3 receptor expression decreased in L4-L6 DRGs following EA at 2 Hz and in L5 and L6 DRGs following EA at 100 Hz. EA at both 2 and 100 Hz down-regulated CGRP overexpression in L4-L6 DRGs. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that EA at 2 Hz is a good option for the management of type 2 DNP. The EA effect may be related to its down-regulation of the overexpressions of the DRG P2X3 receptors and CGRP in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wei
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Sheng-Yun Shou
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, the Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Solé-Magdalena A, Martínez-Alonso M, Coronado CA, Junquera LM, Cobo J, Vega JA. Molecular basis of dental sensitivity: The odontoblasts are multisensory cells and express multifunctional ion channels. Ann Anat 2017; 215:20-29. [PMID: 28954208 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Odontoblasts are the dental pulp cells responsible for the formation of dentin. In addition, accumulating data strongly suggest that they can also function as sensory cells that mediate the early steps of mechanical, thermic, and chemical dental sensitivity. This assumption is based on the expression of different families of ion channels involved in various modalities of sensitivity and the release of putative neurotransmitters in response to odontoblast stimulation which are able to act on pulp sensory nerve fibers. This review updates the current knowledge on the expression of transient-potential receptor ion channels and acid-sensing ion channels in odontoblasts, nerve fibers innervating them and trigeminal sensory neurons, as well as in pulp cells. Moreover, the innervation of the odontoblasts and the interrelationship been odontoblasts and nerve fibers mediated by neurotransmitters was also revisited. These data might provide the basis for novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of dentin sensibility and/or dental pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solé-Magdalena
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Alonso
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| | - C A Coronado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - L M Junquera
- Departamento de Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Cobo
- Departamento de Especialidades Médico-Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Asturiano de Odontología, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J A Vega
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular Universidad de Oviedo, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile.
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Eskander MA, Takimoto K, Diogenes A. Evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell modulation of trigeminal neuronal responses to cold. Neuroscience 2017; 360:61-67. [PMID: 28757246 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering protocols, such as regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs), comprise biologically based procedures designed to restore normal physiologic function. For REPs, the goal is reconstitution of the pulp-dentin complex by delivering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including the stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP) into a root canal system. Many patients regain cold sensitivity after REPs, but the mechanism is not understood. We hypothesized that SCAP modulate nociceptive function through a paracrine mechanism that activates cold-sensitive ion channels in neurons. We established a co-culture system with human SCAP and rat trigeminal (TG) sensory neurons in order to determine the effect of SCAP co-culture on neuronal responses using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. TG neurons co-cultured with SCAP demonstrated increased TRPA1-mediated (p<0.01) and TRPM8-mediated inward current densities (p<0.01) at 24h in co-culture. Cold stimulation to SCAP significantly increased ATP release (p<0.01), and supernatant collected after cold stimulation to SCAP was able to activate cultured TG neurons. Co-culture with SCAP significantly increased sustained ATP-evoked inward current density (p<0.05). These data suggest that SCAP release trophic factors that act on afferent neurons to enhance cold-sensitive ion channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Eskander
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Koyo Takimoto
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Liu PF, Fang HZ, Yang Y, Zhang QQ, Zhou QQ, Chen SS, Zhou F, Zhang LC. Activation of P2X3 receptors in the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting nucleus neurons reduces formalin-induced pain behavior via PAG in a rat model. Neuroscience 2017; 358:93-102. [PMID: 28673711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus is implicated in the descending inhibitory pathway in pain processing, whereas the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning CSF-contacting nucleus regulating pain signals remains largely elusive. ATP is evidenced to inhibit pain transmission at supraspinal level by the mediation of the receptor P2X, wherein its subtype P2X3 is identified as the most potent. Our present experiment investigated the functionality of P2X3 receptors in CSF-contacting nucleus in the formalin-evoked inflammatory pain. Immunofluorescence and western blot revealed the expression of P2X3 receptors in the CSF-contacting nucleus and their upregulated expression subsequent to administration of formalin in rat model. ATP (a P2X3 receptor agonist, 100nmol/5µl) by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration ameliorated pain behaviors and enhanced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the neurons of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), both of which were discounted by pre-administration of A-317491 (a selective P2X3 receptor antagonist, 25nmol/5µl). After the CSF-contacting nucleus was ablated by cholera toxin subunit B-saporin, ATP failed to induce analgesia, with the c-Fos immunoreactivity in the PAG neurons remaining intact. Our results validated that P2X3 receptors in the CSF-contacting nucleus are pivotal in inflammatory pain processing via the activation of PAG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Fang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Song-Song Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Cai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Pierdominici-Sottile G, Moffatt L, Palma J. The Dynamic Behavior of the P2X 4 Ion Channel in the Closed Conformation. Biophys J 2017; 111:2642-2650. [PMID: 28002740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of a detailed molecular dynamics study of the closed form of the P2X4 receptor. The fluctuations observed in the simulations were compared with the changes that occur in the transition from the closed to the open structure. To get further insight on the opening mechanism, the actual displacements were decomposed into interchain motions and intrachain deformations. This analysis revealed that the iris-like expansion of the transmembrane helices mainly results from interchain motions that already take place in the closed conformation. However, these movements cannot reach the amplitude required for the opening of the channel because they are impeded by interactions occurring around the ATP binding pocket. This suggests that the union of ATP produces distortions in the chains that eliminate the restrictions on the interchain displacements, leading to the opening of the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Moffatt
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Palma
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Won J, Vang H, Lee P, Kim Y, Kim H, Kang Y, Oh S. Piezo2 Expression in Mechanosensitive Dental Primary Afferent Neurons. J Dent Res 2017; 96:931-937. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517702342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels have been suggested to be expressed in dental primary afferent (DPA) neurons to transduce the movement of dentinal fluid since the proposal of hydrodynamic theory. Piezo2, a mechanosensitive, rapidly inactivating (RI) ion channel, has been recently identified in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to mediate tactile transduction. Here, we examined the expression of Piezo2 in DPA neurons by in situ hybridization, single-cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. DPA neurons with Piezo2 messenger RNA (mRNA) or Piezo2-like currents were further characterized based on their neurochemical and electrophysiological properties. Piezo2 mRNA was found mostly in medium- to large-sized DPA neurons, with the majority of these neurons also positive for Nav1.8, CGRP, and NF200, whereas only a minor population was positive for IB4 and peripherin. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed Piezo2-like, RI currents evoked by mechanical stimulation in a subpopulation of DPA neurons. RI currents were pharmacologically blocked by ruthenium red, a compound known to block Piezo2, and were also reduced by small interfering RNA-mediated Piezo2 knockdown. Piezo2-like currents were observed almost exclusively in IB4-negative DPA neurons, with the current amplitude larger in capsaicin-insensitive DPA neurons than the capsaicin-sensitive population. Our findings show that subpopulation of DPA neurons is indeed mechanically sensitive. Within this subpopulation of mechanosensitive DPA neurons, we have identified the Piezo2 ion channel as a potential transducer for mechanical stimuli, contributing to RI inward currents. Piezo2-positive DPA neurons were characterized as medium- to large-sized neurons with myelinated A-fibers, containing nociceptive peptidergic neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Won
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H. Vang
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - P.R. Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.H. Kim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (present address)
| | - H.W. Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y. Kang
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroscience and Oral Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - S.B. Oh
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology & Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shiozaki Y, Sato M, Kimura M, Sato T, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. Ionotropic P2X ATP Receptor Channels Mediate Purinergic Signaling in Mouse Odontoblasts. Front Physiol 2017; 8:3. [PMID: 28163685 PMCID: PMC5247440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP modulates various functions in the dental pulp cells, such as intercellular communication and neurotransmission between odontoblasts and neurons, proliferation of dental pulp cells, and odontoblast differentiation. However, functional expression patterns and their biophysical properties of ionotropic ATP (P2X) receptors (P2X1–P2X7) in odontoblasts were still unclear. We examined these properties of P2X receptors in mouse odontoblasts by patch-clamp recordings. K+-ATP, nonselective P2X receptor agonist, induced inward currents in odontoblasts in a concentration-dependent manner. K+-ATP-induced currents were inhibited by P2X4 and P2X7 selective inhibitors (5-BDBD and KN62, respectively), while P2X1 and P2X3 inhibitors had no effects. P2X7 selective agonist (BzATP) induced inward currents dose-dependently. We could not observe P2X1, 2/3, 3 selective agonist (αβ-MeATP) induced currents. Amplitudes of K+-ATP-induced current were increased in solution without extracellular Ca2+, but decreased in Na+-free extracellular solution. In the absence of both of extracellular Na+ and Ca2+, K+-ATP-induced currents were completely abolished. K+-ATP-induced Na+ currents were inhibited by P2X7 inhibitor, while the Ca2+ currents were sensitive to P2X4 inhibitor. These results indicated that odontoblasts functionally expressed P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, which might play an important role in detecting extracellular ATP following local dental pulp injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shiozaki
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan; Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Sato
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, Tokyo Dental College Tokyo, Japan
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Xing J, Li J. Bradykinin Contributes to Sympathetic and Pressor Responses Evoked by Activation of Skeletal Muscle Afferents P2X in Heart Failure. Cell Physiol Biochem 2016; 39:2101-2109. [PMID: 27802438 DOI: 10.1159/000447906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Published data suggest that purinergic P2X receptors of muscle afferent nerves contribute to the enhanced sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) and blood pressure (BP) responses during static exercise in heart failure (HF). In this study, we examined engagement of bradykinin (BK) in regulating responses of SNA and BP evoked by P2X stimulation in rats with HF. We further examined cellular mechanisms responsible for BK. We hypothesized that BK potentiates P2X currents of muscle dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and this effect is greater in HF due to upregulation of BK kinin B2 and P2X3 receptor. As a result, BK amplifies muscle afferents P2X-mediated SNA and BP responses. METHODS Renal SNA and BP responses were recorded in control rats and rats with HF. Western Blot analysis and patch-clamp methods were employed to examine the receptor expression and function of DRG neurons involved in the effects of BK. RESULTS BK injected into the arterial blood supply of the hindlimb muscles heightened the reflex SNA and BP responses induced by P2X activation with α,β-methylene ATP to a greater degree in HF rats. In addition, HF upregulated the protein expression of kinin B2 and P2X3 in DRG and the prior application of BK increased the magnitude of α,β-methylene ATP-induced currents in muscle DRG neurons from HF rats. CONCLUSION BK plays a facilitating role in modulating muscle afferent P2X-engaged reflex sympathetic and pressor responses. In HF, P2X responsivness is augmented due to increases in expression of kinin B2 and P2X3 receptors and P2X current activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Xing
- Jilin University First Hospital, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Changchun, China
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50
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Abstract
In the somatosensory system, P2X receptors are expressed on both peripheral and central terminals of primary afferent neurons. Those expressed on peripheral terminals are activated in response to both nociceptive and innocuous stimuli, whereas those at central terminals (“central terminal P2X receptors”) play an important role in modulating sensory transmission to the spinal cord dorsal horn. The author reviews recent studies on the central terminal P2X receptors. It is proposed that central terminal P2X receptors, once activated, may be involved in both central sensitization and initiation of pain. Thus, these receptors may repesent a promising target for therapeutic management of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo G Gu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Division of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute and College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA.
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