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Lee SM, Lee JW, Cho J, Choi S, Kim I, Pack CG, Ha CH. Yeast-derived particulate beta-glucan induced angiogenesis via regulating PI3K/Src and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131884. [PMID: 38685541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The importance of β-glucan from S. cerevisiae in angiogenesis has not been well studied. We investigated whether β-glucan induces angiogenesis through PI3K/Src and ERK1/2 signaling pathway in HUVECs. We identified that β-glucan induced phosphorylation of PI3K, Src, Akt, eNOS, and ERK1/2. Subsequently, we found that this phosphorylation increased the viability of HUVECs. We also observed that stimulation of β-glucan promoted the activity of MEF2 and MEF2-dependent pro-angiogenic genes, including EGR2, EGR3, KLF2, and KLF4. Additionally, the role of β-glucan in angiogenesis was confirmed using in vitro and ex vivo experiments including cell migration, capillary-like tube formation and mouse aorta ring assays. To determine the effect of β-glucan on the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and ERK1/2 signaling pathway, PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 were used. Through the Matrigel plug assay, we confirmed that β-glucan significantly increased angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrates that β-glucan promotes angiogenesis via through PI3K and ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi MKK, Tavolara T, Gower A, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins KL, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011915. [PMID: 38861581 PMCID: PMC11195971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects two billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new tuberculosis (TB) cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. Here, we investigate the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using immune and inflammatory mediators; and clinical, microbiological, and granuloma correlates of disease identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16; and three known loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Further, multiple positively correlated traits shared loci on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17 and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these loci contain critical genetic regulators of inflammatory responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks to generate scores representing functional relationships. The scores were used to rank candidates for each mapped trait, resulting in 11 candidate genes: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Although all candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling, and all contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNPs in only four genes (S100a8, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zfp318) are predicted to have deleterious effects on protein functions. We performed methodological and candidate validations to (i) assess biological relevance of predicted allele effects by showing that Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWK/PhJ alleles at the H-2 locus on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) confirm accuracy of predicted allele effects by quantifying S100A8 protein in inbred founder strains; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this body of work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of complex host-pathogens interactions contributing to granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Anna L. Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Bulent Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Deniz Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MK Khalid Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melanie L. Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anas Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philipe A. Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherry L. Kurtz
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Elkins
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Igor Kramnik
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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3
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Sultan I, Ramste M, Peletier P, Hemanthakumar KA, Ramanujam D, Tirronen A, von Wright Y, Antila S, Saharinen P, Eklund L, Mervaala E, Ylä-Herttuala S, Engelhardt S, Kivelä R, Alitalo K. Contribution of VEGF-B-Induced Endocardial Endothelial Cell Lineage in Physiological Versus Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2024; 134:1465-1482. [PMID: 38655691 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have shown the therapeutic potential of VEGF-B (vascular endothelial growth factor B) in revascularization of the ischemic myocardium, but the associated cardiac hypertrophy and adverse side effects remain a concern. To understand the importance of endothelial proliferation and migration for the beneficial versus adverse effects of VEGF-B in the heart, we explored the cardiac effects of autocrine versus paracrine VEGF-B expression in transgenic and gene-transduced mice. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare cardiac endothelial gene expression in VEGF-B transgenic mouse models. Lineage tracing was used to identify the origin of a VEGF-B-induced novel endothelial cell population and adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery to compare the effects of VEGF-B isoforms. Cardiac function was investigated using echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Unlike in physiological cardiac hypertrophy driven by a cardiomyocyte-specific VEGF-B transgene (myosin heavy chain alpha-VEGF-B), autocrine VEGF-B expression in cardiac endothelium (aP2 [adipocyte protein 2]-VEGF-B) was associated with septal defects and failure to increase perfused subendocardial capillaries postnatally. Paracrine VEGF-B led to robust proliferation and myocardial migration of a novel cardiac endothelial cell lineage (VEGF-B-induced endothelial cells) of endocardial origin, whereas autocrine VEGF-B increased proliferation of VEGF-B-induced endothelial cells but failed to promote their migration and efficient contribution to myocardial capillaries. The surviving aP2-VEGF-B offspring showed an altered ratio of secreted VEGF-B isoforms and developed massive pathological cardiac hypertrophy with a distinct cardiac vessel pattern. In the normal heart, we found a small VEGF-B-induced endothelial cell population that was only minimally expanded during myocardial infarction but not during physiological cardiac hypertrophy associated with mouse pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Paracrine and autocrine secretions of VEGF-B induce expansion of a specific endocardium-derived endothelial cell population with distinct angiogenic markers. However, autocrine VEGF-B signaling fails to promote VEGF-B-induced endothelial cell migration and contribution to myocardial capillaries, predisposing to septal defects and inducing a mismatch between angiogenesis and myocardial growth, which results in pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sultan
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Ramste
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pim Peletier
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, DZHK partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., S.E.)
- RNATICS GmbH, Planegg, Germany (D.R.)
| | - Annakaisa Tirronen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (A.T., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Ylva von Wright
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salli Antila
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pipsa Saharinen
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Eklund
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland (L.E.)
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology (E.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (A.T., S.Y.-H.)
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, DZHK partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (D.R., S.E.)
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program (R.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland (R.K.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., R.K., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program (I.S., M.R., P.P., K.A.H., Y.v.W., S.A., P.S., K.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Pal D, Das P, Mukherjee P, Roy S, Chaudhuri S, Kesh SS, Ghosh D, Nandi SK. Biomaterials-Based Strategies to Enhance Angiogenesis in Diabetic Wound Healing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2725-2741. [PMID: 38630965 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the present healthcare issues, diabetes is unique as an emerging class of affliction with chronicity in a majority of the population. To check and control its effects, there have been huge turnover and constant development of management strategies, and though a bigger part of the health care area is involved in achieving its control and the related issues such as the effect of diabetes on wound healing and care and many of the works have reached certain successful outcomes, still there is a huge lack in managing it, with maximum effect yet to be attained. Studying pathophysiology and involvement of various treatment options, such as tissue engineering, application of hydrogels, drug delivery methods, and enhancing angiogenesis, are at constantly developing stages either direct or indirect. In this review, we have gathered a wide field of information and different new therapeutic methods and targets for the scientific community, paving the way toward more settled ideas and research advances to cure diabetic wounds and manage their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Pal
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Pratik Das
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Prasenjit Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Subhasis Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Shubhamitra Chaudhuri
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Kesh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Debaki Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
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5
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Ma S, Li Y, Liu F, Wang X, Qin Z, Wang L, Yang J, Wang L, Yang W, Wang N, You Y, Wu Q, Gong C. Hierarchical-unlocking virus-esque NanoCRISPR precisely disrupts autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF for tumor inhibition and antiangiogenesis. J Control Release 2024; 366:505-518. [PMID: 38184233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not only serves as an autocrine survival factor for tumor cells themselves, but also stimulates angiogenesis by paracrine pathway. Strategies targeting VEGF holds tremendous potential for tumor therapy, however, agents targeting VEGF are limited by intolerable side effects, together with incomplete and temporary blocking of VEGF, resulting in unsatisfactory and unsustained therapeutic outcomes. Herein, hierarchical-unlocking virus-esque NanoCRISPR (HUNGER) is constructed for complete, permanent and efficient intracellular disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF, thereby eliciting notable tumor inhibition and antiangiogenesis. After intravenous administration, HUNGER exhibits prolonged blood circulation and hyaluronic acid-CD44 mediated tumor-targeting capability. Subsequently, when matrix metalloproteinase-2 is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, the PEG layer will be removed. The cell-penetrating peptide R8 endows HUNGER deep tumor penetration and specific cellular uptake. Upon cellular internalization, HUNGER undergoes hyaluronidase-triggered deshielding in lysosome, lysosomal escape is realized swiftly, and then the loaded CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid (>8 kb) is transported to nucleus efficiently. Consequentially, complete, permanent and efficient intracellular disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF ensures inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth with inappreciable toxicity. Overall, this work opens a brand-new avenue for anti-VEGF therapy and presents a feasible strategy for in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyi Qin
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanjie You
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Gatti DM, Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Churchill GA, Yener B, Koyuncu D, Gurcan MN, Niazi M, Tavolara T, Gower AC, Dayao D, McGlone E, Ginese ML, Specht A, Alsharaydeh A, Tessier PA, Kurtz SL, Elkins K, Kramnik I, Beamer G. Systems genetics uncover new loci containing functional gene candidates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572738. [PMID: 38187647 PMCID: PMC10769337 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), infects 2 billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new TB cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. We investigated the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis, one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days. The remaining develop non-necrotizing granulomas and survive longer than 60 days. Genetic mapping using clinical indicators of disease, granuloma histopathological features, and immune response traits identified five new loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 16 and three previously identified loci on chromosomes 3 and 17. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 16, and 17, associated with multiple correlated traits and had similar patterns of allele effects, suggesting these QTLs contain important genetic regulators of responses to M. tuberculosis. To narrow the list of candidate genes in QTLs, we used a machine learning strategy that integrated gene expression signatures from lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected Diversity Outbred mice with gene interaction networks, generating functional scores. The scores were then used to rank candidates for each mapped trait in each locus, resulting in 11 candidates: Ncf2, Fam20b, S100a8, S100a9, Itgb5, Fstl1, Zbtb20, Ddr1, Ier3, Vegfa, and Zfp318. Importantly, all 11 candidates have roles in infection, inflammation, cell migration, extracellular matrix remodeling, or intracellular signaling. Further, all candidates contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and some but not all SNPs were predicted to have deleterious consequences on protein functions. Multiple methods were used for validation including (i) a statistical method that showed Diversity Outbred mice carrying PWH/PhJ alleles on chromosome 17 QTL have shorter survival; (ii) quantification of S100A8 protein levels, confirming predicted allele effects; and (iii) infection of C57BL/6 mice deficient for the S100a8 gene. Overall, this work demonstrates that systems genetics using Diversity Outbred mice can identify new (and known) QTLs and new functionally relevant gene candidates that may be major regulators of granuloma necrosis and acute inflammation in pulmonary TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - A L Tyler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | | | | | - B Yener
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - D Koyuncu
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - M N Gurcan
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mkk Niazi
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - T Tavolara
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - A C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - D Dayao
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - E McGlone
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - M L Ginese
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Specht
- Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA
| | - A Alsharaydeh
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - P A Tessier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laval University School of Medicine, Quebec, Canada
| | - S L Kurtz
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - K Elkins
- Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD
| | - I Kramnik
- NIEDL, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - G Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
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7
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Khayoon N, Gany S, Hadi NR, AL Mudhafar A. Effect of topical naringenin and its combination with minoxidil on enhancing hair growth in a mouse model. J Med Life 2023; 16:1685-1691. [PMID: 38406772 PMCID: PMC10893572 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of naringenin (NAR) in reducing hair loss. Twenty-four adult Wistar Albino mice, weighing between 25-35 g and aged 6-7 weeks, were used in this research. The dorsal hair of these mice was meticulously clipped and stained subsequently. The mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 for each group): (1) negative control group, treated with absolute ethanol alcohol as the vehicle (2) minoxidil (5%) treated group; (3) 0.5% naringenin treated group, and (4) naringenin plus minoxidil treated group. The treatment groups had significantly higher total antioxidant capacity in tissue levels and increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in keratinocyte growth factor tissue levels between the treatment and control groups. However, the medication significantly increased hair growth, hair follicle diameter expansion, and hair follicle quantity compared to the control group. The finding suggests that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAR significantly reduced hair loss in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooralhuda Khayoon
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sarmad Gany
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed AL Mudhafar
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
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8
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Pérez-Gutiérrez L, Ferrara N. Biology and therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:816-834. [PMID: 37491579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, called angiogenesis, is an essential pathophysiological process in which several families of regulators have been implicated. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA; also known as VEGF) and its two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, represent a key signalling pathway mediating physiological angiogenesis and are also major therapeutic targets. VEGFA is a member of the gene family that includes VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD and placental growth factor (PLGF). Three decades after its initial isolation and cloning, VEGFA is arguably the most extensively investigated signalling system in angiogenesis. Although many mediators of angiogenesis have been identified, including members of the FGF family, angiopoietins, TGFβ and sphingosine 1-phosphate, all current FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drugs target the VEGF pathway. Anti-VEGF agents are widely used in oncology and, in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, are now the standard of care in multiple malignancies. Anti-VEGF drugs have also revolutionized the treatment of neovascular eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and ischaemic retinal disorders. In this Review, we emphasize the molecular, structural and cellular basis of VEGFA action as well as recent findings illustrating unexpected interactions with other pathways and provocative reports on the role of VEGFA in regenerative medicine. We also discuss clinical and translational aspects of VEGFA. Given the crucial role that VEGFA plays in regulating angiogenesis in health and disease, this molecule is largely the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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9
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Lu XJ, Lai HF, Wu SC, Chen CL, Chiu YL. Elucidating the Associated Biological Function and Clinical Significance of RHOJ Expression in Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14081. [PMID: 37762382 PMCID: PMC10531362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urothelial cancer, a common urinary system malignancy, often presents treatment challenges due to metastasis and chemotherapy side effects. Angiogenesis, crucial for tumor growth, has become a target for drug development. This study explores the expression, prognostic value, and clinical correlation of RHOJ in the TCGA BLCA, GSE31684, and GSE32894 datasets. We identify common differentially expressed genes across these databases and utilize g:Profiler and Cytoscape ClueGO for functional assessment. Further, we perform a gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using Hallmark gene sets and use the imsig package for immune cell infiltration analysis. Our analysis indicates that RHOJ expression levels significantly impact survival rates, tumor progression, and immune response in urothelial tumors. High RHOJ expression correlated with poor prognosis, advanced disease stages, and an increase in monocyte population within the tumor microenvironment. This aligns with current literature indicating a key role of immune infiltration in bladder cancer progression and treatment response. Moreover, the GSEA and imsig results further suggest a potential mechanistic link between RHOJ expression and immune-related pathways. Considering the increasing emphasis on immunotherapeutic strategies in bladder cancer management, our findings on RHOJ's potential as a diagnostic biomarker and its association with immune response open new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (X.-J.L.); (H.-F.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Hsing-Fan Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (X.-J.L.); (H.-F.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Cheng Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, Magong 880, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Li Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (X.-J.L.); (H.-F.L.); (Y.-L.C.)
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10
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Wang H, Shi J, Wang J, Hu Y. MicroRNA‑378: An important player in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:172. [PMID: 37503766 PMCID: PMC10436248 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common chronic clinical condition and is the main cause of death in humans worldwide. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of CVD is essential to develop effective prevention strategies and therapeutic measures. An increasing number of CVD‑related genetic studies have been conducted, including those on the potential roles of microRNAs (miRs). These studies have demonstrated that miR‑378 is involved in the pathological processes of CVD, including those of myocardial infarction, heart failure and coronary heart disease. Despite the potential importance of miR‑378 CVD, a comprehensive summary of the related literature is lacking. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies on the roles and mechanisms of miR‑378 in a variety of CVDs and provide an up‑to date basis for further r research targeting the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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11
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Yimingjiang M, Aini A, Tuergan T, Zhang W. Differential Gene Expression Profiling in Alveolar Echinococcosis Identifies Potential Biomarkers Associated With Angiogenesis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad031. [PMID: 36817746 PMCID: PMC9927572 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe chronic parasitic disease that exhibits a tumor-like growth, with the potential for invasion and distant metastasis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this condition remains unclear. Methods Transcriptome analyses were performed to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in samples from patients with AE with invasion and distant metastasis. The results were further verified by immunohistochemistry. Results A total of 1796 DEGs were identified, including 1742 upregulated and 54 downregulated DEGs. A subsequent functional analysis showed that the significant DEGs were involved in the angiogenesis process. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the reliability of the transcriptomic data. Conclusions These results suggest that angiogenesis is a possible mechanism underlying the tumor-like biological behavior observed during E multilocularis infection. Genes related to this process may play important roles in AE invasion and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiweilidan Yimingjiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Abudusalamu Aini
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Talaiti Tuergan
- Department of Hepatic Hydatid and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Correspondence: Dr. Wei Zhang, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Southern Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China ( )
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12
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Zhuang Y, Liu K, He Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e203. [PMID: 36703877 PMCID: PMC9870816 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver of malignancy, and in recent years, it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. Hypoxia occurs in the majority of solid tumors due to a poor vascular oxygen supply that is not sufficient to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. A hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can reduce the effectiveness of other tumor therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the critical role of hypoxia in tumor development, including tumor metabolism, tumor immunity, and tumor angiogenesis. The treatment methods for hypoxic TME are summarized, including hypoxia-targeted therapy and improving oxygenation by alleviating tumor hypoxia itself. Hyperoxia therapy can be used to improve tissue oxygen partial pressure and relieve tumor hypoxia. We focus on the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxia and their impact on current cancer therapies and discuss the prospects of hyperoxia therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qinyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina,Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina,Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
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13
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The Long Telling Story of "Endothelial Progenitor Cells": Where Are We at Now? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010112. [PMID: 36611906 PMCID: PMC9819021 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs): The name embodies years of research and clinical expectations, but where are we now? Do these cells really represent the El Dorado of regenerative medicine? Here, past and recent literature about this eclectic, still unknown and therefore fascinating cell population will be discussed. This review will take the reader through a temporal journey that, from the first discovery, will pass through years of research devoted to attempts at their definition and understanding their biology in health and disease, ending with the most recent evidence about their pathobiological role in cardiovascular disease and their recent applications in regenerative medicine.
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14
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Perez-Gutierrez L, Li P, Ferrara N. Endothelial cell diversity: the many facets of the crystal. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 36266750 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of blood vessels and play crucial roles in angiogenesis. While it has been known for a long time that there are considerable differences among ECs from lymphatic and blood vessels, as well as among arteries, veins and capillaries, the full repertoire of endothelial diversity is only beginning to be elucidated. It has become apparent that the role of ECs is not just limited to their exchange functions. Indeed, a multitude of organ-specific functions, including release of growth factors, regulation of immune functions, have been linked to ECs. Recent years have seen a surge into the identification of spatiotemporal molecular and functional heterogeneity of ECs, supported by technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), lineage tracing and intersectional genetics. Together, these techniques have spurred the generation of epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic signatures of ECs. It is now clear that ECs across organs and in different vascular beds, but even within the same vessel, have unique molecular identities and employ specialized molecular mechanisms to fulfil highly specialized needs. Here, we focus on the molecular heterogeneity of the endothelium in different organs and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perez-Gutierrez
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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15
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Moradi SZ, Jalili F, Hoseinkhani Z, Mansouri K. Regenerative Medicine and Angiogenesis; Focused on Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2022; 12:686-699. [PMID: 36415645 PMCID: PMC9675929 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern for health with high mortality rates around the world. CVD is often associated with partial or full occlusion of the blood vessel network. Changes in lifestyle can be useful for management early-stage disease but in the advanced stage, surgical interventions or pharmacological are needed to increase the blood flow through the affected tissue or to reduce the energy requirements. Regeneration medicine is a new science that has provided many different options for treating various diseases, especially in CVD over the years. Stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineering are some of the powerful branches of the field that have given patients great hope in improving their condition. In this review, we attempted to examine the beneficial effects, challenges, and contradictory effects of angiogenesis in vivo, and in vitro models' studies of CVD. We hope that this information will be able to help other researchers to design new effective structures and open new avenues for the treatment of CVD with the help of angiogenesis and regeneration medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faramarz Jalili
- Gradute Studies Student, Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary‚S University, Halifax, NS,Canada
| | - Zohreh Hoseinkhani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Li L, Chen X, Yu J, Yuan S. Preliminary Clinical Application of RGD-Containing Peptides as PET Radiotracers for Imaging Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837952. [PMID: 35311120 PMCID: PMC8924613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a common feature of many physiological processes and pathological conditions. RGD-containing peptides can strongly bind to integrin αvβ3 expressed on endothelial cells in neovessels and several tumor cells with high specificity, making them promising molecular agents for imaging angiogenesis. Although studies of RGD-containing peptides combined with radionuclides, namely, 18F, 64Cu, and 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have shown high spatial resolution and accurate quantification of tracer uptake, only a few of these radiotracers have been successfully translated into clinical use. This review summarizes the RGD-based tracers in terms of accumulation in tumors and adjacent tissues, and comparison with traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The value of RGD-based tracers for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, tumor subvolume delineation, and therapeutic response prediction is mainly discussed. Very low RGD accumulation, in contrast to high FDG metabolism, was found in normal brain tissue, indicating that RGD-based imaging provides an excellent tumor-to-background ratio for improved brain tumor imaging. However, the intensity of the RGD-based tracers is much higher than FDG in normal liver tissue, which could lead to underestimation of primary or metastatic lesions in liver. In multiple studies, RGD-based imaging successfully realized the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of solid tumors and also the prediction of chemoradiotherapy response, providing complementary rather than similar information relative to FDG imaging. Of most interest, baseline RGD uptake values can not only be used to predict the tumor efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy, but also to monitor the occurrence of adverse events in normal organs. This unique dual predictive value in antiangiogenic therapy may be better than that of FDG-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuanghu Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061406. [PMID: 35326557 PMCID: PMC8946206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In their advanced stages, the mainstay of kidney cancer treatment is with medications such as targeted or immune therapies. Breakthroughs in scientific understanding of cancer drug development have led to substantial improvements in life expectancy. Although several combinations are available to choose from, it remains unclear which is best, and furthermore why cancers become resistant to treatment. This review article explores the scientific basis behind drug treatments in kidney cancers, with particular focus on blood vessel development and the immune system, and summarizes the available evidence supporting multi-drug treatments in this context. Abstract Angiogenesis inhibitors have been adopted into the standard armamentarium of therapies for advanced-stage renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but more recently, combination regimens with immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated better outcomes. Despite this, the majority of affected patients still eventually experience progressive disease due to therapeutic resistance mechanisms, and there remains a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. This article will review the synergistic mechanisms behind angiogenesis and immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment and discuss the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for both clear-cell and non-clear-cell RCC, exploring opportunities for future growth in this exciting area of drug development.
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18
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Li P, Li Q, Biswas N, Xin H, Diemer T, Liu L, Perez Gutierrez L, Paternostro G, Piermarocchi C, Domanskyi S, Wang RK, Ferrara N. LIF, a mitogen for choroidal endothelial cells, protects the choriocapillaris: implications for prevention of geographic atrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14511. [PMID: 34779136 PMCID: PMC8749470 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of our studies aiming to discover vascular bed-specific endothelial cell (EC) mitogens, we identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a mitogen for bovine choroidal EC (BCE), although LIF has been mainly characterized as an EC growth inhibitor and an anti-angiogenic molecule. LIF stimulated growth of BCE while it inhibited, as previously reported, bovine aortic EC (BAE) growth. The JAK-STAT3 pathway mediated LIF actions in both BCE and BAE cells, but a caspase-independent proapoptotic signal mediated by cathepsins was triggered in BAE but not in BCE. LIF administration directly promoted activation of STAT3 and increased blood vessel density in mouse eyes. LIF also had protective effects on the choriocapillaris in a model of oxidative retinal injury. Analysis of available single-cell transcriptomic datasets shows strong expression of the specific LIF receptor in mouse and human choroidal EC. Our data suggest that LIF administration may be an innovative approach to prevent atrophy associated with AMD, through protection of the choriocapillaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Qin Li
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Nilima Biswas
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Tanja Diemer
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | - Carlo Piermarocchi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Sergii Domanskyi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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19
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Bannoud N, García PA, Gambarte-Tudela J, Sundblad V, Cagnoni AJ, Bach CA, Pérez Saez JM, Blidner AG, Maller SM, Mariño KV, Salatino M, Cerliani JP, Rabinovich GA, Croci DO. Untangling Galectin-Mediated Circuits that Control Hypoxia-Driven Angiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2442:635-653. [PMID: 35320550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of an aberrant vascular network is a hallmark of the multistep pathological process of tumor growth and metastasis. In response to hypoxia, several pro-angiogenic factors are synthesized to support vascularization programs required for cancer progression. Emerging data indicate the involvement of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as critical regulators of vascular circuits in health and disease. Galectins may be regulated by hypoxic conditions and control angiogenesis in different physiopathological settings. These β-galactoside-binding proteins may promote sprouting angiogenesis by interacting with different glycosylated receptors and triggering distinct signaling pathways. Understanding the role of galectins in tumor neovascularization will contribute to the design of novel anti-angiogenic therapies aimed at complementing current anti-cancer modalities and overcoming resistance to these treatments. Here we describe selected strategies and methods used to study the role of hypoxia-regulated galectins in the regulation of blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bannoud
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - P Alfredo García
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julian Gambarte-Tudela
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila A Bach
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Pérez Saez
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Cerliani
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego O Croci
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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20
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Hassan RA, Emam SH, Hwang D, Kim GD, Hassanin SO, Khalil MG, Abdou AM, Sonousi A. Design, synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of new pyrazoline derivatives by down-regulation of VEGF: Molecular docking and apoptosis inducing activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105487. [PMID: 34798455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two series of pyrazoline compounds were designed and synthesized as antiproliferative agents by VEGFR pathway inhibition. All synthesized compounds were screened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, USA for anticancer activity against 60 human cancer cell lines. Compound 3f exhibited the highest anticancer activity on the ovarian cell line (OVCAR-4) with IC50 = 0.29 μM and on the breast cell line (MDA-MB-468) with IC50 = 0.35 μM. It also exhibited the highest selectivity index (SI = 74). Compound 3f caused cell cycle arrest in OVCAR-4 cell line at the S phase which consequently inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Moreover, 3f showed potent down-regulation of VEGF and p-VEGFR-2. Docking studies showed that compound 3f interacts in a similar pattern to axitinib on the VEGFR-2 receptor. The same compound was also able to fit into the gorge of STAT3 binding site, the transcription factor for VEGF, which explains the VEGF down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Soha H Emam
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Dukhyun Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Gun-Do Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Soha O Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Khalil
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amr Sonousi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; University of Hertfordshire hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, Egypt.
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21
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Liu YJ, Zhang TY, Tan PC, Zhang PQ, Xie Y, Li QF, Zhou SB. Superiority of Adipose-derived CD34 + Cells over Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Promoting Ischemic Tissue Survival. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:660-671. [PMID: 34787794 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue ischemia usually leads to necrosis and is a threatening condition associated with reconstructive surgery. Promoting the survival of ischemic tissue is critical for improving clinical outcomes. Although various solutions based on stem cells have been reported, there are still limitations to clinical translation. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method to promote the survival of ischemic tissue. METHODS Adipose-derived CD34 + and CD34- cells were obtained by magnetic bead sorting from the stromal vascular faction (SVF). Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were collected by subculture. The angiogenic capacities of CD34 + cells, CD34- cells and ADSCs were evaluated in vitro by comparing mRNA and protein expression. Random axial flaps in nude mice were used to evaluate the efficacy of these cells in protecting tissue from necrosis. The effect of these cells in preventing inflammation was also evaluated. RESULTS Our data suggest that CD34 + cells expressed higher levels of angiogenetic factors and lower levels of inflammatory factors than the other cell types. More vessel branches were formed when human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with conditioned medium from CD34 + cells than conditioned medium from the other cell types. Compared to ADSCs, CD34 + cells showed significantly higher efficacy in promoting tissue survival. More CD31 + cells and higher levels of angiogenic factors were observed in tissues from the CD34 + group than in those from the other groups. Lower levels of the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1b and higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors were found in the CD34 + group than in the other groups. CONCLUSION Adipose-derived CD34 + cells showed better efficacy in improving ischemic tissue survival than ADSCs by reducing tissue inflammation and promoting angiogenesis. CD34 + cells can be obtained easily and may be suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011.,College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011
| | - Pei-Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizhaoju Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 200011.
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22
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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23
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Aspriţoiu VM, Stoica I, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC. Epigenetic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Development and Tumors Progression: Potential Implications for Cancer Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689962. [PMID: 34552922 PMCID: PMC8451900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multi-stage process of new blood vessel development from pre-existing vessels toward an angiogenic stimulus. The process is essential for tissue maintenance and homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life as well as tumor growth. Under normal conditions, angiogenesis is involved in physiological processes, such as wound healing, cyclic regeneration of the endometrium, placental development and repairing certain cardiac damage, in pathological conditions, it is frequently associated with cancer development and metastasis. The control mechanisms of angiogenesis in carcinogenesis are tightly regulated at the genetic and epigenetic level. While genetic alterations are the critical part of gene silencing in cancer cells, epigenetic dysregulation can lead to repression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogene activation, becoming an important event in early development and the late stages of tumor development, as well. The global alteration of the epigenetic spectrum, which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and other chromatin components, is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the efforts are concentrated on the discovery of molecular epigenetic markers that identify cancerous precursor lesions or early stage cancer. This review aims to highlight recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic changes that can occur in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and analyze current knowledge on how deregulation of epigenetic modifiers contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. Also, we will evaluate the clinical relevance of epigenetic markers of angiogenesis and the potential use of "epi-drugs" in modulating the responsiveness of cancer cells to anticancer therapy through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and hormone therapy as anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Romanian Academy, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
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Subbaraj GK, Kumar YS, Kulanthaivel L. Antiangiogenic role of natural flavonoids and their molecular mechanism: an update. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-021-00056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, which is important in normal developmental processes. Angiogenesis is a key step in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Angiogenesis is necessary for the proper nourishment and removal of metabolic wastes from tumor sites. Therefore, modulation of angiogenesis is considered a therapeutic strategy of great importance for human health.
Main body
Numerous bioactive plant compounds are recently tested for their antiangiogenic potential. Among the most frequently studied are flavonoids which are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. Flavonoids inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis through the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Flavonoids regulate the expression of VEGF, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), EGFR, and inhibit NFB, PI3-K/Akt, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, thereby causing strong antiangiogenic effects. This present review aimed to provide up-to-date information on the molecular mechanisms of antiangiogenic properties of natural flavonoids.
Conclusion
Presently developed antiangiogenic drugs in malignant growth treatment do not meet assumptions about adequacy and safety. So further investigations are needed in this field in the future. More recently, flavonoids are the most effective antiangiogenic agent, by inhibition of signaling pathways.
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25
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Lu P, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu B, Zheng D, Harvey RP, Zhou B. Perinatal angiogenesis from pre-existing coronary vessels via DLL4-NOTCH1 signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:967-977. [PMID: 34497373 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New coronary vessels are added to the heart around birth to support postnatal cardiac growth. Here we show that, in late fetal development, the embryonic coronary plexus at the inner myocardium of the ventricles expresses the angiogenic signalling factors VEGFR3 and DLL4 and generates new coronary vessels in neonates. Contrary to a previous model in which the formation of new coronary vessels in neonates from ventricular endocardial cells was proposed, we find that late fetal and neonatal ventricular endocardial cells lack angiogenic potential and do not contribute to new coronary vessels. Instead, we show using lineage-tracing as well as gain- and loss-of-function experiments that the pre-existing embryonic coronary plexus at the inner myocardium undergoes angiogenic expansion through the DLL4-NOTCH1 signalling pathway to vascularize the expanding myocardium. We also show that the pre-existing coronary plexus revascularizes the regenerating neonatal heart through a similar mechanism. These findings provide a different model of neonatal coronary angiogenesis and regeneration, potentially informing cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yidong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine) and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute and Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Al-Harbi LN, Pandurangan SB, Al-Dossari AM, Shamlan G, Salamatullah AM, Alshatwi AA, Alotiby AA. Beta vulgaris rubra L. (Beetroot) Peel Methanol Extract Reduces Oxidative Stress and Stimulates Cell Proliferation via Increasing VEGF Expression in H 2O 2 Induced Oxidative Stressed Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091380. [PMID: 34573361 PMCID: PMC8466581 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of polyphenols and flavonoids present in dietary agents aids in arresting the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting endothelial smooth muscle cells from oxidative stress/induced necrosis. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris var. rubra L.; BVr) is a commonly consumed vegetable representing a rich source of antioxidants. Beetroot peel’s bioactive compounds and their role in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are still under-researched. In the present study, beetroot peel methanol extract (BPME) was prepared, and its effect on the bio-efficacy, nuclear integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and vascular cell growth, and immunoregulation-related gene expression levels in HUVECs with induced oxidative stress were analysed. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) results confirmed that BPME contains 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (32.6%), methyl pyruvate (15.13%), furfural (9.98%), and 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-Pyran-4-one (12.4%). BPME extract effectively enhanced cell proliferation and was confirmed by MTT assay; the nuclear integrity was confirmed by propidium iodide (PI) staining assay; the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was confirmed by JC-1 staining assay. Annexin V assay confirmed that BPME-treated HUVECs showed 99% viable cells, but only 39.8% viability was shown in HUVECs treated with H2O2 alone. In addition, BPME treatment of HUVECs for 48 h reduced mRNA expression of lipid peroxide (LPO) and increased NOS-3, Nrf-2, GSK-3β, GPX, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular cell growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression levels. We found that BPME treatment decreased proinflammatory (nuclear factor-κβ (F-κβ), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) and vascular inflammation (intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), EDN1, IL-1β)-related mRNA expressions. In conclusion, beetroot peel treatment effectively increased vascular smooth cell growth factors and microtubule development, whereas it decreased vascular inflammatory regulators. BPME may be beneficial for vascular smooth cell regeneration, tissue repair and anti-ageing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Naif Al-Harbi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Subash-Babu Pandurangan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Alhanouf Mohammed Al-Dossari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.-B.P.); (A.M.A.-D.); (G.S.); (A.M.S.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Amna Abdullah Alotiby
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah 24237, Saudi Arabia;
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27
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Nag JK, Malka H, Appasamy P, Sedley S, Bar-Shavit R. GPCR Partners as Cancer Driver Genes: Association with PH-Signal Proteins in a Distinctive Signaling Network. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8985. [PMID: 34445691 PMCID: PMC8396503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential role of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in tumor growth is recognized, yet a GPCR based drug in cancer is rare. Understanding the molecular path of a tumor driver gene may lead to the design and development of an effective drug. For example, in members of protease-activated receptor (PAR) family (e.g., PAR1 and PAR2), a novel PH-binding motif is allocated as critical for tumor growth. Animal models have indicated the generation of large tumors in the presence of PAR1 or PAR2 oncogenes. These tumors showed effective inhibition when the PH-binding motif was either modified or were inhibited by a specific inhibitor targeted to the PH-binding motif. In the second part of the review we discuss several aspects of some cardinal GPCRs in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Bar-Shavit
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (J.K.N.); (H.M.); (P.A.); (S.S.)
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28
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Xing H, Yang X, Xu Y, Tang K, Tian Z, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xue Z, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. Anti-tumor effects of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding domain-modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:810-819. [PMID: 34244079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling pathway plays an important role in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, which are closely related to tumor cell growth, survival, tissue infiltration and metastasis. Blocking/interfering with the interaction between VEGF and VEGFR to inhibit angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis has become an important means of tumor therapy. METHODS Here the authors designed a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) lentiviral vector expressing the VEGF-C domain targeting both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 (VEGFR-2/3 CAR) and then transduced CD3-positive T cells with VEGFR-2/3 CAR lentivirus. RESULTS After co-culturing with target cells, VEGFR-2/3 CAR T cells showed potent cytotoxicity against both VEGFR-2- and VEGFR-3-positive breast cancer cells, with increased simultaneous secretion of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 cytokines. Moreover, CAR T cells were able to destroy the tubular structures formed by human umbilical vein endothelial cells and significantly inhibit the growth, infiltration and metastasis of orthotopic mammary xenograft tumors in a female BALB/c nude mice model. CONCLUSIONS The authors' results indicate that VEGFR-2/3 CAR T cells targeting both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 have significant anti-tumor activity, which expands the application of conventional CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenya Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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Lee JH, Fang C, Li X, Wu CS, Noh JY, Ye X, Chapkin RS, Sun K, Sun Y. GHS-R suppression in adipose tissues protects against obesity and insulin resistance by regulating adipose angiogenesis and fibrosis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1565-1575. [PMID: 33903722 PMCID: PMC8238886 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that increases food intake, adiposity, and insulin resistance through its receptor Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R). We previously showed that ghrelin/GHS-R signaling has important roles in regulation of energy homeostasis, and global deletion of GHS-R reduces obesity and improves insulin sensitivity by increasing thermogenesis. However, it is unknown whether GHS-R regulates thermogenic activation in adipose tissues directly. METHODS We generated a novel adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion mouse model and characterized the mice under regular diet (RD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Body composition was measured by Echo MRI. Metabolic profiling was determined by indirect calorimetry. Response to environmental stress was assessed using a TH-8 temperature monitoring system. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Tissue histology was analyzed by hematoxylin/eosin and immunofluorescent staining. Expression of genes involved in thermogenesis, angiogenesis and fibrosis in adipose tissues were analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Under RD feeding, adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion had little or no impact on metabolic parameters. However, under HFD feeding, adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion attenuated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, showing elevated physical activity and heat production. In addition, adipose tissue-specific GHS-R deletion increased expression of master adipose transcription regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ1 and adipokines of adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21; and differentially modulated angiogenesis and fibrosis evident in both gene expression and histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that GHS-R has cell-autonomous effects in adipocytes, and suppression of GHS-R in adipose tissues protects against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by modulating adipose angiogenesis and fibrosis. These findings suggest adipose GHS-R may constitute a novel therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Seosan, Korea
| | - Chuo Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Chia Shan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiangcang Ye
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,Correspondence to: Yuxiang Sun, Mailing address: Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, 214C Cater-Mattil; 2253 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843. Phone: 979-862-9143;
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Liang W, Shi J, Xia H, Wei X. A Novel Ruthenium-Fluvastatin Complex Downregulates SNCG Expression to Modulate Breast Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF/MMP9 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5537737. [PMID: 34221232 PMCID: PMC8221895 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy and cancer-related morbidity and death worldwide that requests effective and safe chemotherapy. Evaluation of metallodrug-based anticancer agents and statins as chemotherapeutics with fewer side effects is a largely unexplored research field. Synthesis and characterization of the ruthenium-fluvastatin complex were achieved using multiple spectroscopic techniques and thus further examined to evaluate its chemotherapeutic prospects in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer lines and eventually in vivo models of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rodents. Our studies indicate that the metal and ligand chelation was materialized by the ligand's functional groups of carbonyl (=O) oxygen and hydroxyl (-OH), and the complex has been observed to be crystalline and able to chelate with CT-DNA. The complex was able to reduce cell proliferation and activate apoptotic events in breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In addition, the complex was able to modify p53 expressions to interfere with apoptosis in the carcinoma of the breast, stimulated by the intrinsic apoptotic path assisted by Bcl2 and Bax in vivo, yet at the same point, controlling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF pathway, as obtained from western blotting, correlates with the MMP9-regulated tumor mechanisms. Our research reveals that ruthenium-fluvastatin chemotherapy may disrupt, rescind, or interrupt breast carcinoma progression by modifying intrinsic apoptosis as well as the antiangiogenic cascade, thereby taking the role of a potential candidate in cancer therapy for the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Haiyan Xia
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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31
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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yao B, Enhejirigala, Li Z, Song W, Wang Y, Duan X, Yuan X, Fu X, Huang S. Biophysical and Biochemical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behaviors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640388. [PMID: 33842464 PMCID: PMC8027358 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities and multipotential differentiation assurance. However, capitalizing on specific factors to precisely guide MSC behaviors is the cornerstone of biomedical applications. Fortunately, several key biophysical and biochemical cues of biomaterials that can synergistically regulate cell behavior have paved the way for the development of cell-instructive biomaterials that serve as delivery vehicles for promoting MSC application prospects. Therefore, the identification of these cues in guiding MSC behavior, including cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, may be of particular importance for better clinical performance. This review focuses on providing a comprehensive and systematic understanding of biophysical and biochemical cues, as well as the strategic engineering of these signals in current scaffold designs, and we believe that integrating biophysical and biochemical cues in next-generation biomaterials would potentially help functionally regulate MSCs for diverse applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enhejirigala
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Graduate, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Air Force Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Datong, China
| | - Xianlan Duan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Medical Innovation Research Department and the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
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Luxán G, Dimmeler S. The vasculature: a therapeutic target in heart failure? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:53-64. [PMID: 33620071 PMCID: PMC8752358 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the vasculature plays a crucial role in maintaining oxygen and nutrients supply to the heart. Increasing evidence further suggest that the microcirculation has additional roles in supporting a healthy microenvironment. Heart failure is well known to be associated with changes and functional impairment of the microvasculature. The specific ablation of protective signals in endothelial cells in experimental models is sufficient to induce heart failure. Therefore, restoring a healthy endothelium and microcirculation may be a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat heart failure. The present review article will summarize the current understanding of the vascular contribution to heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Novel therapeutic approaches including next generation pro-angiogenic therapies and non-coding RNA therapeutics, as well as the targeting of metabolites or metabolic signaling, vascular inflammation and senescence will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Luxán
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Berlin, Germany, partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Germany, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany
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Maldonado-Lasunción I, O’Neill N, Umland O, Verhaagen J, Oudega M. Macrophage-Derived Inflammation Induces a Transcriptome Makeover in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhancing Their Potential for Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E781. [PMID: 33466704 PMCID: PMC7828776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplants elicit tissue repair. Conditioning MSC prior to transplantation may boost their ability to support repair. We investigated macrophage-derived inflammation as a means to condition MSC by comprehensively analyzing their transcriptome and secretome. Conditioning MSC with macrophage-derived inflammation resulted in 3208 differentially expressed genes, which were annotated with significantly enriched GO terms for 1085 biological processes, 85 cellular components, and 79 molecular functions. Inflammation-mediated conditioning increased the secretion of growth factors that are key for tissue repair, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, we found that inflammation-mediated conditioning induces transcriptomic changes that challenge the viability and mobility of MSC. Our data support the notion that macrophage-derived inflammation stimulates MSC to augment their paracrine repair-supporting activity. The results suggest that inflammatory pre-conditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maldonado-Lasunción
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nick O’Neill
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin Oudega
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
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Multi-Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin (4',5,7-Trihydroxyflavonone): Experimental Evidence and Mechanisms. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121784. [PMID: 33339267 PMCID: PMC7766900 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out during the last few decades, providing a detailed account of thousands of discovered phytochemicals and their biological activities that have the potential to be exploited for a wide variety of medicinal purposes. These phytochemicals, which are pharmacologically important for clinical use, primarily consist of polyphenols, followed by terpenoids and alkaloids. There are numerous published reports indicating the primary role of phytochemicals proven to possess therapeutic potential against several diseases. However, not all phytochemicals possess significant medicinal properties, and only some of them exhibit viable biological effects. Naringenin, a flavanone found in citrus fruits, is known to improve immunity, repair DNA damage, and scavenge free radicals. Despite the very low bioavailability of naringenin, it is known to exhibit various promising biological properties of medicinal importance, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This review focuses on the various aspects related to naringenin, particularly its physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties. Furthermore, various pharmacological activities of naringenin, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and gastroprotective effects, have been discussed along with their mechanisms of action.
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35
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Inhibition of protein glycosylation is a novel pro-angiogenic strategy that acts via activation of stress pathways. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6330. [PMID: 33303737 PMCID: PMC7730427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is thought to be one of the driving forces for angiogenesis. Here we report the identification of the hexosamine D-mannosamine (ManN) as an EC mitogen and survival factor for bovine and human microvascular EC, with an additivity with VEGF. ManN inhibits glycosylation in ECs and induces significant changes in N-glycan and O-glycan profiles. We further demonstrate that ManN and two N-glycosylation inhibitors stimulate EC proliferation via both JNK activation and the unfolded protein response caused by ER stress. ManN results in enhanced angiogenesis in a mouse skin injury model. ManN also promotes angiogenesis in a mouse hindlimb ischemia model, with accelerated limb blood flow recovery compared to controls. In addition, intraocular injection of ManN induces retinal neovascularization. Therefore, activation of stress pathways following inhibition of protein glycosylation can promote EC proliferation and angiogenesis and may represent a therapeutic strategy for treatment of ischemic disorders. Therapeutic angiogenesis has the potential of inducing and maintaining new blood vessels and thus improving outcomes in patients with ischemic disorders. Mannosamine functions as an endothelial cell mitogen/survival factor through activation of stress pathways and might be useful to protect and regenerate the vascular endothelium in a variety of disorders.
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36
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Shah Mohammadi M, Buchen JT, Pasquina PF, Niklason LE, Alvarez LM, Jariwala SH. Critical Considerations for Regeneration of Vascularized Composite Tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:366-381. [PMID: 33115331 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Effective vascularization is vital for survival and functionality of complex tissue-engineered organs. The formation of the microvasculature, composed of endothelial cells (ECs) alone, has been mostly used to restore the vascular networks in organs. However, recent heterocellular studies demonstrate that co-culturing is a more effective approach in revascularization of engineered organs. This review presents key considerations for manufacturing of artificial vascularized composite tissues. We summarize the importance of co-cultures and the multicellular interactions with ECs, as well as design and use of bioreactors, as critical considerations for tissue vascularization. In addition, as an emerging scaffolding technique, this review also highlights the current caveats and hurdles associated with three-dimensional bioprinting and discusses recent developments in bioprinting strategies such as four-dimensional bioprinting and its future outlook for manufacturing of vascularized tissue constructs. Finally, the review concludes with addressing the critical challenges in the regulatory pathway and clinical translation of artificial composite tissue grafts. Impact statement Regeneration of composite tissues is critical as biophysical and biochemical characteristics differ between various types of tissues. Engineering a vascularized composite tissue has remained unresolved and requires additional evaluations along with optimization of methodologies and standard operating procedures. To this end, the main hurdle is creating a viable vascular endothelium that remains functional for a longer duration postimplantation, and can be manufactured using clinically appropriate source of cell lines that are scalable in vitro for the fabrication of human-scale organs. This review presents key considerations for regeneration and manufacturing of vascularized composite tissues as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Shah Mohammadi
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack T Buchen
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul F Pasquina
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis M Alvarez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Lung Biotechnology PBC, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shailly H Jariwala
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Center for Rehabilitation Sciences Research, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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37
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Liu J, Luthuli S, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Wu M, Choi J, Tong H. Therapeutic and nutraceutical potentials of a brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5195-5205. [PMID: 33133523 PMCID: PMC7590327 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme, also known as Yangqicai () in Chinese and Hijiki in Japanese, is a brown seaweed that grows abundantly along the rocky coastlines of Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and China. The first use of S. fusiforme as a traditional Chinese medicinal plant was recorded in the Shennong Bencao Jing, dated 200 AD. It was referred to as Haizao (seaweed), renowned for treating Yinglu (tumor-like induration), dysuria, and edema. Currently, it is commonly used in traditional cuisine as it is rich in dietary fiber and minerals such as calcium, iron, and magnesium. Owing to its health benefits, S. fusiforme remains popular in China, Korea, and Japan, as well as in the UK and in North America. Currently, there is a lack of research on S. fusiforme; thus, we review the therapeutic effects of S. fusiforme, such as anticancer, antiangiogenic, and antiviral effects, in vitro and in vivo as reported during the past two decades. This review may promote further research on the therapeutic uses of S. fusiforme. Furthermore, we discuss the processes and considerations involved in using drugs produced from marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Sibusiso Luthuli
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jong‐il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and BioengineeringChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental ScienceWenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina
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38
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Koul A, Bansal MP, Aniqa A, Chaudhary H, Chugh NA. Lycopene enriched tomato extract suppresses chemically induced skin tumorigenesis in mice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 90:493-513. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The present study revealed the effects of Lycopene enriched tomato extract (LycT) on chemically induced skin cancer in mice. Skin tumors were induced by topical application of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) [500 nmol/100 ul of acetone, twice a week for two weeks] and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) [1.7 nmol/100 ul of acetone, twice a week for eighteen weeks] and LycT (5 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. Male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups (n = 15 per group): control, DMBA/TPA, LycT and LycT + DMBA/TPA. The chemopreventive response of LycT to skin tumorigenesis was evident by inhibition in tumor incidence, number, size, burden and volume in LycT + DMBA/TPA group when compared to DMBA/TPA group. This was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation in LycT + DMBA/TPA group as observed by the decrease in epidermal morphometric parameters and mRNA and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen when compared to DMBA/TPA group (p ≤ 0.05). LycT decreased (p ≤ 0.05) the mRNA and protein expression of angiogenic genes (vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, basic fibroblast growth factor) in LycT + DMBA/TPA group, suggesting its anti-angiogenic effects. The increase (p ≤ 0.05) in protein expression of connexin-32 and 43 in LycT + DMBA/TPA group suggests improved inter cellular communication when compared to DMBA/TPA group. Histochemical studies demonstrated that the components of extracellular matrix (fibrous proteins and mucopolysaccharides) were also modulated during skin carcinogenesis and its chemoprevention by LycT. The decrease in cell proliferation parameters and expression of angiogenesis associated genes, modulation of ECM components and increase in expression of connexins suggest that LycT improved multiple dysregulated processes during chemoprevention of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Aniqa Aniqa
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsh Chaudhary
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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39
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Friend NE, Rioja AY, Kong YP, Beamish JA, Hong X, Habif JC, Bezenah JR, Deng CX, Stegemann JP, Putnam AJ. Injectable pre-cultured tissue modules catalyze the formation of extensive functional microvasculature in vivo. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15562. [PMID: 32968145 PMCID: PMC7511337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Revascularization of ischemic tissues is a major barrier to restoring tissue function in many pathologies. Delivery of pro-angiogenic factors has shown some benefit, but it is difficult to recapitulate the complex set of factors required to form stable vasculature. Cell-based therapies and pre-vascularized tissues have shown promise, but the former require time for vascular assembly in situ while the latter require invasive surgery to implant vascularized scaffolds. Here, we developed cell-laden fibrin microbeads that can be pre-cultured to form primitive vascular networks within the modular structures. These microbeads can be delivered in a minimally invasive manner and form functional microvasculature in vivo. Microbeads containing endothelial cells and stromal fibroblasts were pre-cultured for 3 days in vitro and then injected within a fibrin matrix into subcutaneous pockets on the dorsal flanks of SCID mice. Vessels deployed from these pre-cultured microbeads formed functional connections to host vasculature within 3 days and exhibited extensive, mature vessel coverage after 7 days in vivo. Cellular microbeads showed vascularization potential comparable to bulk cellular hydrogels in this pilot study. Furthermore, our findings highlight some potentially advantageous characteristics of pre-cultured microbeads, such as volume preservation and vascular network distribution, which may be beneficial for treating ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Friend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ana Y Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Yen P Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Beamish
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Xiaowei Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Julia C Habif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jonathan R Bezenah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Cheri X Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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40
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Nakagawa T, Miyagawa S, Shibuya T, Sakai Y, Harada A, Watanabe K, Sawa Y. Administration of Slow-Release Synthetic Prostacyclin Agonist Promoted Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration for Limb Ischemia. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:119-130. [PMID: 32637444 PMCID: PMC7321796 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene or cell therapy is currently not fully efficacious for arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). In this study, we determined whether YS-1402, a slow-release synthetic prostacyclin agonist, promoted neovascularization and skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of critical limb ischemia (CLI). We ligated the femoral artery and its branches to obtain the CLI mouse model, administered saline (S group) or YS-1402 (YS group) to the thigh adductor 1 week after femoral artery occlusion, and evaluated tissue blood flow after surgery. After treatment, the leg muscle was obtained for histological, gene expression, and protein analyses to assess angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Tissue blood flow improved in the YS group compared with that in the S group, and the number of CD31+/α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)+ arterioles increased in the YS group. Prostacyclin receptor (IPR), stromal cell-derived factor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, and neural cell adhesion molecule expression levels were higher in the YS than in the S group. Skeletal muscle regeneration was detected based on PAX7- and Ki-67-positive satellite cells in the YS group. Myogenin and MyoD expression was higher in the YS than in the S group. Therefore, YS-1402 promoted functional angiogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration in the CLI mouse model, suggesting a new therapy for ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibuya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akima Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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41
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Zhu W, Liu C, Lu T, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Chen Q, Deng N. Knockout of EGFL6 by CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Inhibition of Tumor Angiogenesis in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1451. [PMID: 32983976 PMCID: PMC7477343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. EGFL6 protein is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and has been proposed to play an important role in promoting tumor angiogenesis. Here, a CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to knockout the EGFL6 gene in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3, using specific guide RNA targeting the exons of EGFL6. The knockout of EGFL6 markedly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKOV3 cells, as well as promoted apoptosis of tumor cells. In the nude mouse model of ovarian cancer, knockout of EGFL6 remarkably inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis. The transcript profile assays detected 4,220 differentially expressed genes in the knockout cells, including 87 genes that were correlated to proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, Western blotting confirmed that EGFL6 knockout downregulated the FGF-2/PDGFB signaling pathway. Thus, the results of this study indicated that EGFL6 could regulate cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells by regulating the FGF-2/PDGFB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyi Lu
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Ning Deng
- Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Antibody Drug and Immunoassay, Department of Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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SGK1 is a signalling hub that controls protein synthesis and proliferation in endothelial cells. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3200-3215. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Therapeutic paradigm of dual targeting VEGF and PDGF for effectively treating FGF-2 off-target tumors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3704. [PMID: 32709869 PMCID: PMC7382445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF-2 displays multifarious functions in regulation of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. However, effective drugs for treating FGF-2+ tumors are unavailable. Here we show that FGF-2 modulates tumor vessels by recruiting NG2+ pricytes onto tumor microvessels through a PDGFRβ-dependent mechanism. FGF-2+ tumors are intrinsically resistant to clinically available drugs targeting VEGF and PDGF. Surprisingly, dual targeting the VEGF and PDGF signaling produces a superior antitumor effect in FGF-2+ breast cancer and fibrosarcoma models. Mechanistically, inhibition of PDGFRβ ablates FGF-2-recruited perivascular coverage, exposing anti-VEGF agents to inhibit vascular sprouting. These findings show that the off-target FGF-2 is a resistant biomarker for anti-VEGF and anti-PDGF monotherapy, but a highly beneficial marker for combination therapy. Our data shed light on mechanistic interactions between various angiogenic and remodeling factors in tumor neovascularization. Optimization of antiangiogenic drugs with different principles could produce therapeutic benefits for treating their resistant off-target cancers. Anti-VEGF therapy has many limitations that might be resolved by using combination treatment approaches. Here, the authors demonstrate that the dual-targeting of VEGF and PDGF is required for targeting resistant FGF2+ tumors which depend on the recruitment of pericytes on tumor microvessels.
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Cordeiro IR, Tanaka M. Environmental Oxygen is a Key Modulator of Development and Evolution: From Molecules to Ecology. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000025. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Rosenburg Cordeiro
- Department of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology B‐17, 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8501 Japan
| | - Mikiko Tanaka
- Department of Life Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology B‐17, 4259 Nagatsuta‐cho, Midori‐ku Yokohama 226‐8501 Japan
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45
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Devuyst O. Molecular Mechanisms of Peritoneal Permeability— Research in Growth Factors. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080102103s03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Devuyst
- Division of Nephrology, Université catholique de Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
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46
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Dikici S, Aldemir Dikici B, Bhaloo SI, Balcells M, Edelman ER, MacNeil S, Reilly GC, Sherborne C, Claeyssens F. Assessment of the Angiogenic Potential of 2-Deoxy-D-Ribose Using a Novel in vitro 3D Dynamic Model in Comparison With Established in vitro Assays. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:451. [PMID: 32010677 PMCID: PMC6978624 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a highly ordered physiological process regulated by the interaction of endothelial cells with an extensive variety of growth factors, extracellular matrix components and mechanical stimuli. One of the most important challenges in tissue engineering is the rapid neovascularization of constructs to ensure their survival after transplantation. To achieve this, the use of pro-angiogenic agents is a widely accepted approach. The study of angiogenesis has gained momentum over the last two decades. Although there are various in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo angiogenesis models that enable testing of newly discovered pro-angiogenic agents, the problem with researching angiogenesis is the choice of the most appropriate assay. In vivo assays are the most representative and reliable models, but they are expensive, time-consuming and can cause ethical concerns whereas in vitro assays are relatively inexpensive, practical, and reproducible, but they are usually lack of enabling the study of more than one aspect of angiogenesis, and they do not fully represent the complexity of physiological angiogenesis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of an angiogenesis model that allows the study of angiogenesis under physiologically more relevant, dynamic conditions without causing ethical concerns. Accordingly, in this study, we developed 3D in vitro dynamic angiogenesis model, and we tested the angiogenic potential of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR) in comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using newly developed in vitro 3D dynamic model and well-established in vitro models. Our results obtained using conventional in vitro assays demonstrated that 2dDR promoted proliferation, migration and tube formation of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the angiogenic activity of 2dDR was further assessed using the newly developed 3D in vitro model, which enabled the monitoring of cell proliferation and infiltration simultaneously under dynamic conditions. Our results showed that the administration of 2dDR and VEGF significantly enhanced the outgrowth of HAECs and the cellular density under either static or dynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Betül Aldemir Dikici
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mercedes Balcells
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Institut Quimic de Sarria, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Gwendolen C. Reilly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Sherborne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Long G, Liu D, He X, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Hou X, Chen B, OuYang W, Dai J, Li X. A dual functional collagen scaffold coordinates angiogenesis and inflammation for diabetic wound healing. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6337-6349. [PMID: 33025970 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00999g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds, which are associated with persistent inflammation and impaired angiogenesis, occur frequently in diabetic patients.
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48
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Yan X, Jiang Y, Xu Y, Tan Q. The effect of adipose-derived stem cells in healing refractory wounds based on clinical outcomes. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1803992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Lühmann T, Gutmann M, Moscaroli A, Raschig M, Béhé M, Meinel L. Biodistribution of Site-Specific PEGylated Fibroblast Growth Factor-2. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:425-432. [PMID: 33463203 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a small 18 kDa protein with clinical potential for ischemic heart disease, wound healing, and spinal cord injury. However, the therapeutic potential of systemic FGF-2 administration is challenged by its fast elimination. Therefore, we deployed genetic codon expansion to integrate an azide functionality to the FGF-2 N-terminus, which was site-directly decorated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) through bioorthogonal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). PEGylated FGF-2 was as bioactive as wild-type FGF-2 as demonstrated by cell proliferation and Erk phosphorylation of fibroblasts. The PEGylated FGF-2 conjugate was radiolabeled with [111In] Indium cation ([111In]In3+) to study its biodistribution through noninvasive imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and by quantitative activity analysis of the respective organs in healthy mice. This study details the biodistribution pattern of site-specific PEGylated FGF-2 in tissues after intravenous (iv) administration compared to the unconjugated protein. Low accumulation of the PEGylated FGF-2 variant in the kidney and the liver was demonstrated, whereas specific uptake of PEGylated FGF-2 into the retina was significantly diminished. In conclusion, site-specific PEGylation of FGF-2 by SPAAC resulted in a superior outcome for the synthesis yield and in conjugates with excellent biological performances with a gain of half-life but reduced tissue access in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Lühmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moscaroli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martina Raschig
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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50
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Hou L, Yang G, Tang S, Alcazar C, Joshi P, Strassberg Z, Kim M, Kawamura M, Woo YJ, Shrager J, Ding S, Huang NF. Small Molecule Derived From Carboxyethylpyrrole Protein Adducts Promotes Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009234. [PMID: 30371212 PMCID: PMC6222956 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background CEP (ω-[2-carboxyethyl]pyrrole) protein adducts are the end products of lipid oxidation associated with inflammation and have been implicated in the induction of angiogenesis in pathological conditions such as tissue ischemia. We synthesized small molecules derived from CEP protein adducts and evaluated the angiogenic effect of the CEP analog CEP 03 in the setting of peripheral arterial disease. Methods and Results The angiogenic effect of CEP 03 was assessed by in vitro analysis of primary human microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and tubelike formation in Matrigel (Corning). In the presence of CEP 03, proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro increased by 27±18% under hypoxic (1% O2) conditions, reaching similar levels to that of VEGF A (vascular endothelial growth factor A) stimulation (22±10%), relative to the vehicle control treatment. A similar effect of CEP 03 was demonstrated in the increased number of tubelike branches in Matrigel, reaching >70% induction in hypoxia, compared with the vehicle control. The therapeutic potential of CEP 03 was further evaluated in a mouse model of peripheral arterial disease by quantification of blood perfusion recovery and capillary density. In the ischemic hind limb, treatment of CEP 03 encapsulated within Matrigel significantly enhanced blood perfusion by 2-fold after 14 days compared with those treated with Matrigel alone. Moreover, these results concurred with histological finding that treatment of CEP 03 in Matrigel resulted in a significant increase in microvessel density compared with Matrigel alone. Conclusions Our data suggest that CEP 03 has a profound positive effect on angiogenesis and neovessel formation and thus has therapeutic potential for treatment of peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqia Hou
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA
| | - Guang Yang
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA
| | - Shibing Tang
- 3 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Cynthia Alcazar
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA
| | - Prajakta Joshi
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA
| | - Zachary Strassberg
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA
| | - Michael Kim
- 2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA.,4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Masashi Kawamura
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Joseph Shrager
- 2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA.,4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University Stanford CA
| | - Sheng Ding
- 3 Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease University of California San Francisco CA.,5 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of California San Francisco CA
| | - Ngan F Huang
- 1 Stanford Cardiovascular Institute Stanford University Stanford CA.,2 Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA.,4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Stanford University Stanford CA
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