1
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Beyer H, Sommerfeld M, Grandien K, Faust C, Tillmann B, Leuschner WD, Régnier-Vigouroux A, Weil S, Rao E, Langer T. Functional studies with IgM and IgA immunoglobulins: binding to pIgR, FcαμR, FcμR, and CDC activities. APMIS 2024; 132:277-288. [PMID: 38232051 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
IgMs are the first antibodies produced by the immune system upon encounter of a possible pathogen and are one of five antibody subclasses in humans. For IgG, the most intensively studied antibody class, the N-linked glycosylation site located in the Fc-domain is directly involved in high affinity binding to the respective receptors and initiation of corresponding immune response. IgM molecules have five N-glycosylation sites and one N-glycosylation site in the J-chain, which can be incorporated in IgM or IgA molecules. There is only limited knowledge available concerning the function of these N-glycosylations in IgMs. To address this question, we produced IgM molecules lacking a particular N-glycosylation site and tested these variants as well as IgA molecules for binding to the known receptors: the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), the dual receptor for IgA and IgM, FcαμR, and the specific receptor for IgM, FcμR. The single glycosylation sites did not show an impact on expression and multimerization, except for variant N402Q, which could not be expressed. In SPR measurements, no major impact on the binding to the receptors by particular glycosylation sites could be detected. In cellular assays, deglycosylated variants showed some alterations in induction of CDC activity. Most strikingly, we observed also binding of IgA to the FcμR in the same affinity range as IgM, suggesting that this might have a physiological role. To further substantiate the binding of IgA to FcμR we used IgA from different origins and were able to confirm binding of IgA preparations to the FcμR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Beyer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Sommerfeld
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kaj Grandien
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Faust
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bodo Tillmann
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wulf Dirk Leuschner
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Régnier-Vigouroux
- Institute for Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Weil
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ercole Rao
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D Large Molecules Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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McGettigan SE, Aira LE, Kumar G, Ballet R, Butcher EC, Baumgarth N, Debes GF. Secreted IgM modulates IL-10 expression in B cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:324. [PMID: 38182585 PMCID: PMC10773282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-10+ B cells are critical for immune homeostasis and restraining immune responses in infection, cancer, and inflammation; however, the signals that govern IL-10+ B cell differentiation are ill-defined. Here we find that IL-10+ B cells expand in mice lacking secreted IgM ((s)IgM-/-) up to 10-fold relative to wildtype (WT) among all major B cell and regulatory B cell subsets. The IL-10+ B cell increase is polyclonal and presents within 24 hours of birth. In WT mice, sIgM is produced prenatally and limits the expansion of IL-10+ B cells. Lack of the high affinity receptor for sIgM, FcμR, in B cells translates into an intermediate IL-10+ B cell phenotype relative to WT or sIgM-/- mice. Our study thus shows that sIgM regulates IL-10 programming in B cells in part via B cell-expressed FcμR, thereby revealing a function of sIgM in regulating immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Eileen McGettigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Lazaro Emilio Aira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Romain Ballet
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eugene C Butcher
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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3
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Lingasamy P, Modhukur V, Mändar R, Salumets A. Exploring Immunome and Microbiome Interplay in Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Novel Diagnostic Tools. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:172-189. [PMID: 38262441 PMCID: PMC10846929 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between the immunome and microbiome in reproductive health is a complex and rapidly advancing research field, holding tremendously vast possibilities for the development of reproductive medicine. This immunome-microbiome relationship influences the innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby affecting the onset and progression of reproductive disorders. However, the mechanisms governing these interactions remain elusive and require innovative approaches to gather more understanding. This comprehensive review examines the current knowledge on reproductive microbiomes across various parts of female reproductive tract, with special consideration of bidirectional interactions between microbiomes and the immune system. Additionally, it explores innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM antibodies, their regulation, self-antigen tolerance mechanisms, and their roles in immune homeostasis. This review also highlights ongoing technological innovations in microbiota research, emphasizing the need for standardized detection and analysis methods. For instance, we evaluate the clinical utility of innovative technologies such as Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) and Microbial Flow Cytometry coupled to Next-Generation Sequencing (mFLOW-Seq). Despite ongoing advancements, we emphasize the need for further exploration in this field, as a deeper understanding of immunome-microbiome interactions holds promise for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for reproductive health, like infertility treatment and management of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Mändar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Labach DS, Kohio HP, Tse EA, Paparisto E, Friesen NJ, Pankovich J, Bazett M, Barr SD. The Metallodrug BOLD-100 Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Has Broad-Acting Antiviral Activity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1095. [PMID: 37509131 PMCID: PMC10377621 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an urgent need to discover and test new drugs to treat patients. Metal-based drugs are known to interact with DNA and/or a variety of proteins such as enzymes and transcription factors, some of which have been shown to exhibit anticancer and antimicrobial effects. BOLD-100 (sodium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)]dihydrate) is a novel ruthenium-based drug currently being evaluated in a Phase 1b/2a clinical trial for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Given that metal-based drugs are known to exhibit antimicrobial activities, we asked if BOLD-100 exhibits antiviral activity towards SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated that BOLD-100 potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and cytopathic effects in vitro. An RNA sequencing analysis showed that BOLD-100 inhibits virus-induced transcriptional changes in infected cells. In addition, we showed that the antiviral activity of BOLD-100 is not specific for SARS-CoV-2, but also inhibits the replication of the evolutionarily divergent viruses Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 and Human Adenovirus type 5. This study identifies BOLD-100 as a potentially novel broad-acting antiviral drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Labach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Hinissan P Kohio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Edwin A Tse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ermela Paparisto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nicole J Friesen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jim Pankovich
- Bold Therapeutics Inc., 422 Richards St, Suite 170, Vancouver, BC V6N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Mark Bazett
- Bold Therapeutics Inc., 422 Richards St, Suite 170, Vancouver, BC V6N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen D Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Dental Sciences Building Room 3007, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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5
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Li Y, Shen H, Zhang R, Ji C, Wang Y, Su C, Xiao J. Immunoglobulin M perception by FcμR. Nature 2023; 615:907-912. [PMID: 36949194 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody to emerge during embryonic development and the humoral immune response1. IgM can exist in several distinct forms, including monomeric, membrane-bound IgM within the B cell receptor (BCR) complex, pentameric and hexameric IgM in serum and secretory IgM on the mucosal surface. FcμR, the only IgM-specific receptor in mammals, recognizes different forms of IgM to regulate diverse immune responses2-5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here we delineate the structural basis of the FcμR-IgM interaction by crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. We show that two FcμR molecules interact with a Fcμ-Cμ4 dimer, suggesting that FcμR can bind to membrane-bound IgM with a 2:1 stoichiometry. Further analyses reveal that FcμR-binding sites are accessible in the context of IgM BCR. By contrast, pentameric IgM can recruit four FcμR molecules to bind on the same side and thereby facilitate the formation of an FcμR oligomer. One of these FcμR molecules occupies the binding site of the secretory component. Nevertheless, four FcμR molecules bind to the other side of secretory component-containing secretory IgM, consistent with the function of FcμR in the retrotransport of secretory IgM. These results reveal intricate mechanisms of IgM perception by FcμR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenggong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, P. R. China.
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6
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Zhao T, Yang B, Li H, Hao Z, Cong W, Kang Y. Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS as an immune enhancer provides effective protection against Aeromonas veronii infection in Carassius auratus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1520:115-126. [PMID: 36477764 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, we aimed to develop a safe and effective immune enhancer to protect Carassius auratus (C. auratus) from A. veronii infections. With recognized safety, lactic acid bacteria are used as antigen delivery vehicles to present antigens. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a protective antigen, induces immune responses in animals. Therefore, we created recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) with surface-displayed LPS of A. veronii TH0426 and tested its effects on immune responses in C. auratus. The results showed that recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS, as an immune enhancer, could improve the innate and adaptive immune responses of C. auratus when it was added to the diet of C. auratus. The challenge test showed that the survival rate of C. auratus fed with L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS was higher than that of the control groups, indicating that the recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS increased the resistance of C. auratus to A. veronii infection. The present results provide a theoretical basis for the development of recombinant L. plantarum Lp-pPG-611.1-LPS as an immune enhancer in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bintong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yuanhuan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, China
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7
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Niaré K, Chege T, Rosenkranz M, Mwai K, Saßmannshausen Z, Odera D, Nyamako L, Tuju J, Alfred T, Waitumbi JN, Ogutu B, Sirima SB, Awandare G, Kouriba B, Rayner JC, Osier FHA. Characterization of a novel Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen and potential vaccine target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156806. [PMID: 37122725 PMCID: PMC10140549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Detailed analyses of genetic diversity, antigenic variability, protein localization and immunological responses are vital for the prioritization of novel malaria vaccine candidates. Comprehensive approaches to determine the most appropriate antigen variants needed to provide broad protection are challenging and consequently rarely undertaken. Methods Here, we characterized PF3D7_1136200, which we named Asparagine-Rich Merozoite Antigen (ARMA) based on the analysis of its sequence, localization and immunogenicity. We analyzed IgG and IgM responses against the common variants of ARMA in independent prospective cohort studies in Burkina Faso (N = 228), Kenya (N = 252) and Mali (N = 195) using a custom microarray, Div-KILCHIP. Results We found a marked population structure between parasites from Africa and Asia. African isolates shared 34 common haplotypes, including a dominant pair although the overall selection pressure was directional (Tajima's D = -2.57; Fu and Li's F = -9.69; P < 0.02). ARMA was localized to the merozoite surface, IgG antibodies induced Fc-mediated degranulation of natural killer cells and strongly inhibited parasite growth in vitro. We found profound serological diversity, but IgG and IgM responses were highly correlated and a hierarchical clustering analysis identified only three major serogroups. Protective IgG and IgM antibodies appeared to target both cross-reactive and distinct epitopes across variants. However, combinations of IgG and IgM antibodies against selected variants were associated with complete protection against clinical episodes of malaria. Discussion Our systematic strategy exploits genomic data to deduce the handful of antigen variants with the strongest potential to induce broad protection and may be broadly applicable to other complex pathogens for which effective vaccines remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamoko Niaré
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Karamoko Niaré, ; Faith H. A. Osier,
| | - Timothy Chege
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Micha Rosenkranz
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kennedy Mwai
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zoe Saßmannshausen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Odera
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lydia Nyamako
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James Tuju
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Tiono Alfred
- Public Health Department, Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - John N. Waitumbi
- Basic Science Laboratory, US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Bernhards Ogutu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Gordon Awandare
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Bourema Kouriba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
- Centre d’Infectiologie Charles Mérieux-Mali, Bamako, Mali
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Faith H. A. Osier
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research—Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karamoko Niaré, ; Faith H. A. Osier,
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8
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Taylor JA, Hutchinson MA, Gearhart PJ, Maul RW. Antibodies in action: the role of humoral immunity in the fight against atherosclerosis. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:59. [PMID: 36461105 PMCID: PMC9717479 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The sequestering of oxidation-modified low-density lipoprotein by macrophages results in the accumulation of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries. Necrosis of these cells causes a release of intercellular epitopes and the activation of the adaptive immune system, which we predict leads to robust autoantibody production. T cells produce cytokines that act in the plaque environment and further stimulate B cell antibody production. B cells in atherosclerosis meanwhile have a mixed role based on subclass. The current model is that B-1 cells produce protective IgM antibodies in response to oxidation-specific epitopes that work to control plaque formation, while follicular B-2 cells produce class-switched antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgE) which exacerbate the disease. Over the course of this review, we discuss further the validation of these protective antibodies while evaluating the current dogma regarding class-switched antibodies in atherosclerosis. There are several contradictory findings regarding the involvement of class-switched antibodies in the disease. We hypothesize that this is due to antigen-specificity, and not simply isotype, being important, and that a closer evaluation of these antibodies' targets should be conducted. We propose that specific antibodies may have therapeutical potential in preventing and controlling plaque development within a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Taylor
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Mark A. Hutchinson
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Patricia J. Gearhart
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Robert W. Maul
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD USA
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9
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Alugupalli AS, Cravens MP, Walker JA, Gulandijany D, Dickinson GS, Debes GF, Schifferli DM, Bäumler AJ, Alugupalli KR, Alugupalli KR. The Lack of Natural IgM Increases Susceptibility and Impairs Anti-Vi Polysaccharide IgG Responses in a Mouse Model of Typhoid. Immunohorizons 2022; 6:807-816. [PMID: 36480484 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating IgM present in the body prior to any apparent Ag exposure is referred to as natural IgM. Natural IgM provides protective immunity against a variety of pathogens. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever in humans. Because mice are not permissive to S. Typhi infection, we employed a murine model of typhoid using S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) of S. Typhi (S. Typhimurium strain RC60) to evaluate the role of natural IgM in pathogenesis. We found that natural mouse IgM binds to S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium. The severity of S. Typhimurium infection in mice is dependent on presence of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) allele; therefore, we infected mice deficient in secreted form of IgM (sIgM) on either a Nramp1-resistant (129S) or -susceptible (C57BL/6J) background. We found that the lack of natural IgM results in a significantly increased susceptibility and an exaggerated liver pathology regardless of the route of infection or the Nramp1 allele. Reconstitution of sIgM-/- mice with normal mouse serum or purified polyclonal IgM restored the resistance to that of sIgM+/+ mice. Furthermore, immunization of sIgM-/- mice with heat-killed S. Typhi induced a significantly reduced anti-ViPS IgG and complement-dependent bactericidal activity against S. Typhi in vitro, compared with that of sIgM+/+ mice. These findings indicate that natural IgM is an important factor in reducing the typhoid severity and inducing an optimal anti-ViPS IgG response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil S Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew P Cravens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Justin A Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dania Gulandijany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gregory S Dickinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gudrun F Debes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dieter M Schifferli
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA; and
| | - Kishore R Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kishore R Alugupalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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10
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Riba M, Campo-Sabariz J, Tena I, Molina-Porcel L, Ximelis T, Calvo M, Ferrer R, Martín-Venegas R, del Valle J, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Wasteosomes (corpora amylacea) of human brain can be phagocytosed and digested by macrophages. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:177. [PMID: 36307854 PMCID: PMC9617366 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corpora amylacea of human brain, recently renamed as wasteosomes, are granular structures that appear during aging and also accumulate in specific areas of the brain in neurodegenerative conditions. Acting as waste containers, wasteosomes are formed by polyglucosan aggregates that entrap and isolate toxic and waste substances of different origins. They are expelled from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and can be phagocytosed by macrophages. In the present study, we analyze the phagocytosis of wasteosomes and the mechanisms involved in this process. Accordingly, we purified wasteosomes from post-mortem extracted human CSF and incubated them with THP-1 macrophages. Immunofluorescence staining and time-lapse recording techniques were performed to evaluate the phagocytosis. We also immunostained human hippocampal sections to study possible interactions between wasteosomes and macrophages at central nervous system interfaces. Results We observed that the wasteosomes obtained from post-mortem extracted CSF are opsonized by MBL and the C3b complement protein. Moreover, we observed that CD206 and CD35 receptors may be involved in the phagocytosis of these wasteosomes by THP-1 macrophages. Once phagocytosed, wasteosomes become degraded and some of the resulting fractions can be exposed on the surface of macrophages and interchanged between different macrophages. However, brain tissue studies show that, in physiological conditions, CD206 but not CD35 receptors may be involved in the phagocytosis of wasteosomes. Conclusions The present study indicates that macrophages have the machinery required to process and degrade wasteosomes, and that macrophages can interact in different ways with wasteosomes. In physiological conditions, the main mechanism involve CD206 receptors and M2 macrophages, which trigger the phagocytosis of wasteosomes without inducing inflammatory responses, thus avoiding tissue damage. However, altered wasteosomes like those obtained from post-mortem extracted CSF, which may exhibit waste elements, become opsonized by MBL and C3b, and so CD35 receptors constitute another possible mechanism of phagocytosis, leading in this case to inflammatory responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00915-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Campo-Sabariz
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iraida Tena
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ximelis
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada - Campus Clínic, Facultat de Medicina, Centres Científics i Tecnològics - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Ferrer
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Venegas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Renman E, Ekici R, Sundström M, Lejon K. HSC70 is a novel binding partner involved in the capture of immunoglobulins on B cells in the NOD mouse. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:520-528. [PMID: 36120986 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2117307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
B cells have been shown to be essential for Type 1 diabetes development in the non-obese diabetic mouse, where their contribution as antigen presenting cells has been emphasised. Other important functions for B cells include surface capture of immunoglobulins and transportation of immune complexes, with subsequent endocytosis, antigen processing and antigen presentation. We have previously demonstrated that NOD B cells capture IgM and IgG immune complexes through an unknown surface molecule. In this study, we revealed the presumptive immunoglobulin-binding molecule to be HSC70. Moreover, we detected increased levels of HSC70 on NOD B cells. HSC70 has been shown to play a role in antigen processing and presentation as well as being important in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Due to its protein stabilising properties, increased HSC70 could contribute to enhanced self-antigen collection and presentation and thereby contribute to the development of Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Renman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rifat Ekici
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mia Sundström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lejon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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12
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Noailly B, Yaugel-Novoa M, Werquin J, Jospin F, Drocourt D, Bourlet T, Rochereau N, Paul S. Antiviral Activities of HIV-1-Specific Human Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Are Isotype-Dependent. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060903. [PMID: 35746511 PMCID: PMC9227833 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) offer promising opportunities for preventing HIV-1 infection. The protection mechanisms of bNAbs involve the Fc domain, as well as their Fab counterpart. Here, different bNAb isotypes including IgG1, IgA1, IgA2, and IgA122 (IgA2 with the hinge of IgA1) were generated and then produced in CHO cells. Their ability to neutralize pseudovirus and primary HIV-1 isolates were measured, as well as their potential ADCC-like activity using a newly developed assay. In our work, gp41-specific IgA seems to be more efficient than IgG1 in inducing ADCC-like activity, but not in its virus neutralization effect. We show that either gp120-specific IgA or IgG1 isotypes are both efficient in neutralizing different viral strains. In contrast, gp120-specific IgG1 was a better ADCC-like inducer than IgA isotypes. These results provide new insights into the neutralization and ADCC-like activity of different bNAbs that might be taken into consideration when searching for new treatments or antibody-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Noailly
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Justine Werquin
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | | | - Thomas Bourlet
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (B.N.); (M.Y.-N.); (J.W.); (F.J.); (T.B.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Elessa D, Debureaux PE, Villesuzanne C, Davi F, Bravetti C, Harel S, Talbot A, Oksenhendler E, Malphettes M, Thieblemont C, Moatti H, Maarek O, Arnulf B, Royer B. Inflammatory Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: A French monocentric retrospective study of 67 patients. Br J Haematol 2022; 197:728-735. [PMID: 35393650 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a B-cell neoplasm resulting from bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and monoclonal IgM secretion. Some patients present concomitant inflammatory syndrome attributed to the disease activity; we named this syndrome inflammatory WM (IWM). We retrospectively analysed all WM patients seen in a single tertiary referral centre from January 2007 to May 2021, and after excluding aetiologies for the inflammatory syndrome using a pertinent blood workup, including C-reactive protein (CRP), and imaging, we identified 67 (28%) IWM, 166 (68%) non-IWM, and nine (4%) WM with inflammatory syndrome of unknown origin. At treatment initiation, IWM patients had more severe anaemia (median Hb 90 vs 99 g/l; p < 0.01), higher platelet count (median 245 vs 196 × 109/l; p < 0.01) and comparable serum IgM level (median 24.9 vs 23.0 g/l; p = 0.28). A positive correlation was found between inflammatory and haematological responses (minimal response or better) (odds ratio 32.08; 95% confidence interval 8.80-98.03; p < 0.001). Overall survivals (OS) were similar (median OS: 17 vs 20 years; p = 0.11) but time to next treatment (TNT) was significantly shorter for IWM (TNT1: 1.6 vs 4.8 years, p < 0.0001). IWM mostly shared the same presentation and outcome as WM without inflammatory syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikelele Elessa
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Debureaux
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Villesuzanne
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Davi
- Laboratory of Haematology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Bravetti
- Laboratory of Haematology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Harel
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Talbot
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Malphettes
- University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Thieblemont
- University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hannah Moatti
- University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Odile Maarek
- University of Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Arnulf
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Royer
- Department of Immuno Haematology, Hopital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
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14
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Carpenter SM, Lu LL. Leveraging Antibody, B Cell and Fc Receptor Interactions to Understand Heterogeneous Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830482. [PMID: 35371092 PMCID: PMC8968866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over a century of research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), continues to kill 1.5 million people annually. Though less than 10% of infected individuals develop active disease, the specific host immune responses that lead to Mtb transmission and death, as well as those that are protective, are not yet fully defined. Recent immune correlative studies demonstrate that the spectrum of infection and disease is more heterogenous than has been classically defined. Moreover, emerging translational and animal model data attribute a diverse immune repertoire to TB outcomes. Thus, protective and detrimental immune responses to Mtb likely encompass a framework that is broader than T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. Antibodies, Fc receptor interactions and B cells are underexplored host responses to Mtb. Poised at the interface of initial bacterial host interactions and in granulomatous lesions, antibodies and Fc receptors expressed on macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T and B cells have the potential to influence local and systemic adaptive immune responses. Broadening the paradigm of protective immunity will offer new paths to improve diagnostics and vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Disease and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lenette L. Lu
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Parkland Health and Hospital System, Dallas, TX, United States
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15
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Altvater-Hughes TE, Hodgins DC, Wagter-Lesperance L, Beard SC, Cartwright SL, Mallard BA. Concentration and heritability of immunoglobulin G and natural antibody immunoglobulin M in dairy and beef colostrum along with serum total protein in their calves. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac006. [PMID: 35022742 PMCID: PMC8867588 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G and natural antibody (NAb) IgM are passively transferred to the neonatal calf through bovine colostrum. Maternal IgG provides pathogen- or vaccine-specific protection and comprises about 85% of colostral Ig. NAb-IgM is less abundant but provides broad and nonspecific reactivity, potentially contributing to protection against the dissemination of pathogens in the blood (septicemia) in a calf's first days of life. In the dairy and beef industries, failure of passive transfer (FPT) of colostral Ig (serum total protein [STP] <5.2 g/dL) is still a common concern. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare colostral IgG concentrations and NAb-IgM titers between dairy and beef cows; (2) assess the effect of beef breed on colostral IgG; (3) compare passive transfer of colostral Ig in dairy and beef calves; and (4) estimate the heritability of colostral IgG and NAb-IgM. Colostrum was collected from Holstein dairy (n = 282) and crossbred beef (n = 168) cows at the University of Guelph dairy and beef research centers. Colostral IgG was quantified by radial immunodiffusion and NAb-IgM was quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In dairy (n = 308) and beef (n = 169) calves, STP was estimated by digital refractometry. Beef cows had significantly greater colostral IgG (146.5 ± 9.5 standard error of the mean [SEM] g/L) than dairy cows (92.4 ± 5.2 g/L, P <0.01). Beef cows with a higher proportion of Angus ancestry had significantly lower colostral IgG (125.5 ± 5.8 g/L) than cows grouped as "Other" (142.5 ± 4.9 g/L, P = 0.02). Using the FPT cutoff, 13% of dairy and 16% of beef calves had FPT; still, beef calves had a significantly larger proportion with excellent passive transfer (STP ≥6.2 g/dL, P <0.01). The heritability of colostral IgG was 0.04 (±0.14) in dairy and 0.14 (±0.32) in beef. Colostral NAb-IgM titers in dairy (12.12 ± 0.22, log2 [reciprocal of titer]) and beef cows (12.03 ± 0.19) did not differ significantly (P = 0.71). The range of NAb-IgM titers was 9.18-14.60, equivalent to a 42-fold range in antibody concentration. The heritability of colostral NAb was 0.24 (±0.16) in dairy and 0.11 (±0.19) in beef cows. This study is the first to compare colostral NAb-IgM between dairy and beef cows. Based on the range in NAb-IgM titers and the heritability, selective breeding may improve colostrum quality and protection for neonatal calves in the early days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess E Altvater-Hughes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Douglas C Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauraine Wagter-Lesperance
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shannon C Beard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shannon L Cartwright
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie A Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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16
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Abstract
As central effectors of the adaptive immune response, immunoglobulins, or antibodies, provide essential protection from pathogens through their ability to recognize foreign antigens, aid in neutralization, and facilitate elimination from the host. Mammalian immunoglobulins can be classified into five isotypes—IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM—each with distinct roles in mediating various aspects of the immune response. Of these isotypes, IgA and IgM are the only ones capable of multimerization, arming them with unique biological functions. Increased valency of polymeric IgA and IgM provides high avidity for binding low-affinity antigens, and their ability to be transported across the mucosal epithelium into secretions by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor allows them to play critical roles in mucosal immunity. Here we discuss the molecular assembly, structure, and function of these multimeric antibodies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Matsumoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Discovery Biotherapeutics, Exelixis, Inc., Alameda, California, USA
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17
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3D Structures of IgA, IgM, and Components. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312776. [PMID: 34884580 PMCID: PMC8657937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is currently the most studied immunoglobin class and is frequently used in antibody therapeutics in which its beneficial effector functions are exploited. IgG is composed of two heavy chains and two light chains, forming the basic antibody monomeric unit. In contrast, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) are usually assembled into dimers or pentamers with the contribution of joining (J)-chains, which bind to the secretory component (SC) of the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) and are transported to the mucosal surface. IgA and IgM play a pivotal role in various immune responses, especially in mucosal immunity. Due to their structural complexity, 3D structural study of these molecules at atomic scale has been slow. With the emergence of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallographic techniques and the growing interest in the structure-function relationships of IgA and IgM, atomic-scale structural information on IgA-Fc and IgM-Fc has been accumulating. Here, we examine the 3D structures of IgA and IgM, including the J-chain and SC. Disulfide bridging and N-glycosylation on these molecules are also summarized. With the increasing information of structure–function relationships, IgA- and IgM-based monoclonal antibodies will be an effective option in the therapeutic field.
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18
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Rochereau N, Michaud E, Waeckel L, Killian M, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Roblin X, Biolley G, Corthésy B, Paul S. Essential role of TOSO/FAIM3 in intestinal IgM reverse transcytosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110006. [PMID: 34788614 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) can travel to and from the lumen and transport antigen to subepithelial cells. However, IgM can also multimerize into functional secretory component-bound immunoglobulin. While it is already known that both SIgA and SIgM undergo transcytosis to be secreted at the mucosal surface, only SIgA has been shown to perform retrotranscytosis through microfold cells (M cells) of the Peyer's patch. Here, we investigate whether SIgM could also be taken up by M cells via retrotranscytosis. This transport involves FcμR binding at the apical membrane of M cells. We then demonstrate that SIgM can be exploited by SIgM-p24 (HIV-capsid protein) complexes during immunization in the nasal- or gut-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT or GALT), conferring efficient immune responses against p24. Our data demonstrate a mucosal function of SIgM, which could play a role in the regulation of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rochereau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Eva Michaud
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Martin Killian
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Biolley
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory of the Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Team GIMAP, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
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19
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Verstegen NJM, Ubels V, Westerhoff HV, van Ham SM, Barberis M. System-Level Scenarios for the Elucidation of T Cell-Mediated Germinal Center B Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734282. [PMID: 34616402 PMCID: PMC8488341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germinal center (GC) reactions are vital to the correct functioning of the adaptive immune system, through formation of high affinity, class switched antibodies. GCs are transient anatomical structures in secondary lymphoid organs where specific B cells, after recognition of antigen and with T cell help, undergo class switching. Subsequently, B cells cycle between zones of proliferation and somatic hypermutation and zones where renewed antigen acquisition and T cell help allows for selection of high affinity B cells (affinity maturation). Eventually GC B cells first differentiate into long-lived memory B cells (MBC) and finally into plasma cells (PC) that partially migrate to the bone marrow to encapsulate into long-lived survival niches. The regulation of GC reactions is a highly dynamically coordinated process that occurs between various cells and molecules that change in their signals. Here, we present a system-level perspective of T cell-mediated GC B cell differentiation, presenting and discussing the experimental and computational efforts on the regulation of the GCs. We aim to integrate Systems Biology with B cell biology, to advance elucidation of the regulation of high-affinity, class switched antibody formation, thus to shed light on the delicate functioning of the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we: i) review experimental findings of internal and external factors driving various GC dynamics, such as GC initiation, maturation and GCBC fate determination; ii) draw comparisons between experimental observations and mathematical modeling investigations; and iii) discuss and reflect on current strategies of modeling efforts, to elucidate B cell behavior during the GC tract. Finally, perspectives are specifically given on to the areas where a Systems Biology approach may be useful to predict novel GCBC-T cell interaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J M Verstegen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor Ubels
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.,Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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20
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Influenza hemagglutinin-specific IgA Fc-effector functionality is restricted to stalk epitopes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2018102118. [PMID: 33593910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we utilized a panel of human immunoglobulin (Ig) IgA monoclonal antibodies isolated from the plasmablasts of eight donors after 2014/2015 influenza virus vaccination (Fluarix) to study the binding and functional specificities of this isotype. In this cohort, isolated IgA monoclonal antibodies were primarily elicited against the hemagglutinin protein of the H1N1 component of the vaccine. To compare effector functionalities, an H1-specific subset of antibodies targeting distinct epitopes were expressed as monomeric, dimeric, or secretory IgA, as well as in an IgG1 backbone. When expressed with an IgG Fc domain, all antibodies elicited Fc-effector activity in a primary polymorphonuclear cell-based assay which differs from previous observations that found only stalk-specific antibodies activate the low-affinity FcγRIIIa. However, when expressed with IgA Fc domains, only antibodies targeting the stalk domain showed Fc-effector activity in line with these previous findings. To identify the cause of this discrepancy, we then confirmed that IgG signaling through the high-affinity FcγI receptor was not restricted to stalk epitopes. Since no corresponding high-affinity Fcα receptor exists, the IgA repertoire may therefore be limited to stalk-specific epitopes in the context of Fc receptor signaling.
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21
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Cao M, Cai R, Zhao L, Guo M, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Yao H, Xie C, Cong Y, Guan Y, Tao X, Wang Y, Xu S, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Chen C. Molybdenum derived from nanomaterials incorporates into molybdenum enzymes and affects their activities in vivo. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:708-716. [PMID: 33603238 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many nanoscale biomaterials fail to reach the clinical trial stage due to a poor understanding of the fundamental principles of their in vivo behaviour. Here we describe the transport, transformation and bioavailability of MoS2 nanomaterials through a combination of in vivo experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. We show that after intravenous injection molybdenum is significantly enriched in liver sinusoid and splenic red pulp. This biodistribution is mediated by protein coronas that spontaneously form in the blood, principally with apolipoprotein E. The biotransformation of MoS2 leads to incorporation of molybdenum into molybdenum enzymes, which increases their specific activities in the liver, affecting its metabolism. Our findings reveal that nanomaterials undergo a protein corona-bridged transport-transformation-bioavailability chain in vivo, and suggest that nanomaterials consisting of essential trace elements may be converted into active biological molecules that organisms can exploit. Our results also indicate that the long-term biotransformation of nanomaterials may have an impact on liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haodong Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Cong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiayu Tao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, China.
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22
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The prospects for targeting FcR as a novel therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114360. [PMID: 33301760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial membrane hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone tissue destruction. Although there have been many measures taken for RA therapy in recent years, they are not sufficiently safe or effective. Thus, it is very important to develop new drugs and slow down damage to other healthy organs in the case of RA. Lately, immunoglobulin Fc receptors (FcRs), such as the IgG Fc receptor (FcγR), IgA Fc receptor (FcαR), and IgD Fc receptor (FcδR), have been found to be involved in inducing or suppressing arthritis. FcRs interacting with immune complexes (ICs) are a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of RA. Therefore, an increasing number of methodsfor the targeted treatment of RA with FcRs are emerging, such as recombinant soluble FcγRs, recombinant multimeric Fc fragments and monoclonal antibodies, and have been demonstrated to significantly improve RA symptoms. Simultaneously, certain kinases involved in the downstream signaling of FcRs can also be a target for the treatment of RA, such as Syk and Btk inhibitors. An overview of these FcRs is provided in this review, including a description of FcR-related functions, signaling pathways, and potential FcR-targeting molecules for RA therapy. To date, the initial results of those developed FcR-targeting molecules have been promising. With this, FcRs might offer a better alternative to RA medication. Additionally, further pharmacological characterization and a better understanding of the unique mechanisms of FcR-targeting molecules are necessary.
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23
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Jones K, Savulescu AF, Brombacher F, Hadebe S. Immunoglobulin M in Health and Diseases: How Far Have We Come and What Next? Front Immunol 2020; 11:595535. [PMID: 33193450 PMCID: PMC7662119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes are important in secreting antibodies that protect against invading pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also in mediating pathogenesis of allergic diseases and autoimmunity. B lymphocytes develop in the bone marrow and contain heavy and light chains, which upon ligation form an immunoglobulin M (IgM) B cell receptor (BCR) expressed on the surface of naïve immature B cells. Naïve B cells expressing either IgM or IgD isotypes are thought to play interchangeable functions in antibody responses to T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. IgM short-lived plasma cells (SLPCs) and antigen-specific IgM memory B cells (MBCs-M) are critical in the first few days of infection, as well as long-term memory induced by vaccination, respectively. At mucosal surfaces, IgM is thought to play a critical part in promoting mucosal tolerance and shaping microbiota together with IgA. In this review, we explore how IgM structure and BCR signaling shapes B cell development, self and non-self-antigen-specific antibody responses, responses to infectious (such as viruses, parasites, and fungal) and non-communicable diseases (such as autoimmunity and allergic asthma). We also explore how metabolism could influence other B cell functions such as mucosal tolerance and class switching. Finally, we discuss some of the outstanding critical research questions in both experimental and clinical settings targeting IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Jones
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anca F. Savulescu
- Division of Chemical, Systems & Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Keyt BA, Baliga R, Sinclair AM, Carroll SF, Peterson MS. Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Use of IgM Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E53. [PMID: 33066119 PMCID: PMC7709107 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are pentameric or hexameric macro-immunoglobulins and have been highly conserved during evolution. IgMs are initially expressed during B cell ontogeny and are the first antibodies secreted following exposure to foreign antigens. The IgM multimer has either 10 (pentamer) or 12 (hexamer) antigen binding domains consisting of paired µ heavy chains with four constant domains, each with a single variable domain, paired with a corresponding light chain. Although the antigen binding affinities of natural IgM antibodies are typically lower than IgG, their polyvalency allows for high avidity binding and efficient engagement of complement to induce complement-dependent cell lysis. The high avidity of IgM antibodies renders them particularly efficient at binding antigens present at low levels, and non-protein antigens, for example, carbohydrates or lipids present on microbial surfaces. Pentameric IgM antibodies also contain a joining (J) chain that stabilizes the pentameric structure and enables binding to several receptors. One such receptor, the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), is responsible for transcytosis from the vasculature to the mucosal surfaces of the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Several naturally occurring IgM antibodies have been explored as therapeutics in clinical trials, and a new class of molecules, engineered IgM antibodies with enhanced binding and/or additional functional properties are being evaluated in humans. Here, we review the considerable progress that has been made regarding the understanding of biology, structure, function, manufacturing, and therapeutic potential of IgM antibodies since their discovery more than 80 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Keyt
- IGM Biosciences Inc, 325 East Middlefield Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; (R.B.); (A.M.S.); (S.F.C.); (M.S.P.)
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25
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Sterlin D, Gorochov G. When Therapeutic IgA Antibodies Might Come of Age. Pharmacology 2020; 106:9-19. [PMID: 32950975 DOI: 10.1159/000510251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive efforts have been made in optimizing monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies for use in clinical practice. Accumulating evidence suggests that IgA or anti-FcαRI could also represent an exciting avenue toward novel therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY Here, we underline that IgA is more effective in recruiting neutrophils for tumor cell killing and is potently active against several pathogens, including rotavirus, poliovirus, influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2. IgA could also be used to modulate excessive immune responses in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, secretory IgA is emerging as a major regulator of gut microbiota, which impacts intestinal homeostasis and global health as well. As such, IgA could be used to promote a healthy microbiota in a therapeutic setting. Key messages: IgA combines multifaceted functions that can be desirable for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Inserm, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France,
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26
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Voisin A, Saez F, Drevet JR, Guiton R. The epididymal immune balance: a key to preserving male fertility. Asian J Androl 2020; 21:531-539. [PMID: 30924450 PMCID: PMC6859654 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_11_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 15% of male infertility has an immunological origin, either due to repetitive infections or to autoimmune responses mainly affecting the epididymis, prostate, and testis. Clinical observations and epidemiological data clearly contradict the idea that the testis confers immune protection to the whole male genital tract. As a consequence, the epididymis, in which posttesticular spermatozoa mature and are stored, has raised some interest in recent years when it comes to its immune mechanisms. Indeed, sperm cells are produced at puberty, long after the establishment of self-tolerance, and they possess unique surface proteins that cannot be recognized as self. These are potential targets of the immune system, with the risk of inducing autoantibodies and consequently male infertility. Epididymal immunity is based on a finely tuned equilibrium between efficient immune responses to pathogens and strong tolerance to sperm cells. These processes rely on incompletely described molecules and cell types. This review compiles recent studies focusing on the immune cell types populating the epididymis, and proposes hypothetical models of the organization of epididymal immunity with a special emphasis on the immune response, while also discussing important aspects of the epididymal immune regulation such as tolerance and tumour control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Voisin
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Fabrice Saez
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Rachel Guiton
- Team Mechanisms of Posttesticular Infertility, GReD Laboratory, CNRS UMR 6293 - INSERM U1103, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
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27
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Gong S, Ruprecht RM. Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon - Rediscovered. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1943. [PMID: 32849652 PMCID: PMC7432194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM – long thought to be a perfect pentamer – was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Second, this gap allows IgM to serve as carrier of a specific host protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which is released to promote removal of dead-cell debris, cancer cells, or pathogens. Third, recombinant IgM delivered mucosally by passive immunization gave proof-of-concept that this antibody class can prevent mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus transmission in non-human primates. Finally, IgM’s role in adaptive immunity goes beyond being only a first defender to respond to pathogen invasion, as long-lived IgM plasma cells have been observed predominantly residing in the spleen. In fact, IgM produced by such cells contained somatic hypermutations and was linked to protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in murine models. Importantly, such long-lived IgM plasma cells had been induced by immunization 1 year before challenge. Together, new data on IgM function raise the possibility that vaccine strategies aimed at preventing virus acquisition could include this ancient weapon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gong
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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28
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Liu Y, Goroshko S, Leung LYT, Dong S, Khan S, Campisi P, Propst EJ, Wolter NE, Grunebaum E, Ehrhardt GRA. FCRL4 Is an Fc Receptor for Systemic IgA, but Not Mucosal Secretory IgA. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:533-538. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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29
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Magez S, Pinto Torres JE, Obishakin E, Radwanska M. Infections With Extracellular Trypanosomes Require Control by Efficient Innate Immune Mechanisms and Can Result in the Destruction of the Mammalian Humoral Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:382. [PMID: 32218784 PMCID: PMC7078162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites that affect humans, livestock, and game animals around the world. Through co-evolution with the mammalian immune system, trypanosomes have developed defense mechanisms that allow them to thrive in blood, lymphoid vessels, and tissue environments such as the brain, the fat tissue, and testes. Trypanosomes have developed ways to circumvent antibody-mediated killing and block the activation of the lytic arm of the complement pathway. Hence, this makes the innate immune control of the infection a crucial part of the host-parasite interaction, determining infection susceptibility, and parasitemia control. Indeed, trypanosomes use a combination of several independent mechanisms to avoid clearance by the humoral immune system. First, perpetuated antigenic variation of the surface coat allows to escape antibody-mediated elimination. Secondly, when antibodies bind to the coat, they are efficiently transported toward the endocytosis pathway, where they are removed from the coat proteins. Finally, trypanosomes engage in the active destruction of the mammalian humoral immune response. This provides them with a rescue solution in case antigenic variation does not confer total immunological invisibility. Both antigenic variation and B cell destruction pose significant hurdles for the development of anti-trypanosome vaccine strategies. However, developing total immune escape capacity and unlimited growth capabilities within a mammalian host is not beneficial for any parasite, as it will result in the accelerated death of the host itself. Hence, trypanosomes have acquired a system of quorum sensing that results in density-dependent population growth arrest in order to prevent overpopulating the host. The same system could possibly sense the infection-associated host tissue damage resulting from inflammatory innate immune responses, in which case the quorum sensing serves to prevent excessive immunopathology and as such also promotes host survival. In order to put these concepts together, this review summarizes current knowledge on the interaction between trypanosomes and the mammalian innate immune system, the mechanisms involved in population growth regulation, antigenic variation and the immuno-destructive effect of trypanosomes on the humoral immune system. Vaccine trials and a discussion on the role of innate immune modulation in these trials are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Magez
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Emmanuel Obishakin
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Biotechnology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Magdalena Radwanska
- Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Narayanan P, Curtis BR, Shen L, Schneider E, Tami JA, Paz S, Burel SA, Tai LJ, Machemer T, Kwoh TJ, Xia S, Shattil SJ, Witztum JL, Engelhardt JA, Henry SP, Monia BP, Hughes SG. Underlying Immune Disorder May Predispose Some Transthyretin Amyloidosis Subjects to Inotersen-Mediated Thrombocytopenia. Nucleic Acid Ther 2020; 30:94-103. [PMID: 32043907 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inotersen, a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE) phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide, reduced disease progression and improved quality of life in patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (hATTR-PN) in the NEURO-TTR and NEURO-TTR open-label extension (OLE) trials. However, 300 mg/week inotersen treatment was associated with platelet count reductions in several patients. Mean platelet counts in patients in the NEURO-TTR-inotersen group remained ≥140 × 109/L in 50% and ≥100 × 109/L in 80% of the subjects. However, grade 4 thrombocytopenia (<25 × 109/L) occurred in three subjects in NEURO-TTR trial, and one of these suffered a fatal intracranial hemorrhage. The two others were treated successfully with corticosteroids and discontinuation of inotersen. Investigations in a subset of subjects in NEURO-TTR (n = 17 placebo; n = 31 inotersen) and OLE (n = 33) trials ruled out direct myelotoxicity, consumptive coagulopathy, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Antiplatelet immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were detected at baseline in 5 of 31 (16%) inotersen-treated subjects in NEURO-TTR, 4 of whom eventually developed grade 1 or 2 thrombocytopenia while on the drug. In addition, 24 subjects in the same group developed treatment-emergent antiplatelet IgG antibodies, of which 2 developed grade 2, and 3 developed grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Antiplatelet IgG antibodies in two of the three grade 4 thrombocytopenia subjects targeted GPIIb/IIIa. Plasma cytokines previously implicated in immune dysregulation, such as interleukin (IL)-23 and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) were often above the normal range at baseline. Collectively, these findings suggest an underlying immunologic dysregulation predisposing some individuals to immune-mediated thrombocytopenia during inotersen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian R Curtis
- Platelet and Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory, Versiti Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | | | | | - Suzanne Paz
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California.,aTyr Pharma, San Diego California
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sanford J Shattil
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Michaud E, Mastrandrea C, Rochereau N, Paul S. Human Secretory IgM: An Elusive Player in Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:141-156. [PMID: 31928913 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role in establishing and promoting commensal gut tolerance in mice and humans. The true interactions between SIgMs and the microbiota remain controversial and we aim to consolidate current knowledge in this review. Through comprehensive examination of SIgMs and their corresponding B cell secretors in several different pathological immunological contexts, we review the presumed role of these molecules in gut tolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases, and lung immunity. As SIgMs harbor a mostly tolerogenic function, we posit that their inclusion in further immunological research is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Regulation of Humoral Immune Responses and B Cell Tolerance by the IgM Fc Receptor (FcμR). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1254:75-86. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3532-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Goulet DR, Atkins WM. Considerations for the Design of Antibody-Based Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:74-103. [PMID: 31173761 PMCID: PMC6891151 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based proteins have become an important class of biologic therapeutics, due in large part to the stability, specificity, and adaptability of the antibody framework. Indeed, antibodies not only have the inherent ability to bind both antigens and endogenous immune receptors but also have proven extremely amenable to protein engineering. Thus, several derivatives of the monoclonal antibody format, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and antibody fragments, have demonstrated efficacy for treating human disease, particularly in the fields of immunology and oncology. Reviewed here are considerations for the design of antibody-based therapeutics, including immunological context, therapeutic mechanisms, and engineering strategies. First, characteristics of antibodies are introduced, with emphasis on structural domains, functionally important receptors, isotypic and allotypic differences, and modifications such as glycosylation. Then, aspects of therapeutic antibody design are discussed, including identification of antigen-specific variable regions, choice of expression system, use of multispecific formats, and design of antibody derivatives based on fragmentation, oligomerization, or conjugation to other functional moieties. Finally, strategies to enhance antibody function through protein engineering are reviewed while highlighting the impact of fundamental biophysical properties on protein developability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
| | - William M Atkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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Perše M, Večerić-Haler Ž. The Role of IgA in the Pathogenesis of IgA Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246199. [PMID: 31818032 PMCID: PMC6940854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced in humans, predominantly present in the mucosal areas where its main functions are the neutralization of toxins, prevention of microbial invasion across the mucosal epithelial barrier, and simultaneous maintenance of a physiologically indispensable symbiotic relationship with commensal bacteria. The process of IgA biosynthesis, interaction with receptors, and clearance can be disrupted in certain pathologies, like IgA nephropathy, which is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide. This review summarizes the latest findings in the complex characteristics of the molecular structure and biological functions of IgA antibodies, offering an in-depth overview of recent advances in the understanding of biochemical, immunologic, and genetic factors important in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-4047-4675
| | - Željka Večerić-Haler
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Blandino R, Baumgarth N. Secreted IgM: New tricks for an old molecule. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:1021-1034. [PMID: 31302940 PMCID: PMC6803036 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ri0519-161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted IgM (sIgM) is a multifunctional evolutionary conserved antibody that is critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as the development of fully protective humoral responses to pathogens. Constitutive secretion of self- and polyreactive natural IgM, produced mainly by B-1 cells, provides a circulating antibody that engages with autoantigens as well as invading pathogens, removing apoptotic and other cell debris and initiating strong immune responses. Pathogen-induced IgM production by B-1 and conventional B-2 cells strengthens this early, passive layer of IgM-mediated immune defense and regulates subsequent IgG production. The varied effects of secreted IgM on immune homeostasis and immune defense are facilitated through its binding to numerous different cell types via different receptors. Recent studies identified a novel function for pentameric IgM, namely as a transporter for the effector protein ″apoptosis-inhibitor of macrophages″ (AIM/CD5L). This review aims to provide a summary of the known functions and effects of sIgM on immune homeostasis and immune defense, and its interaction with its various receptors, and to highlight the many critical immune regulatory functions of this ancient and fascinating immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Blandino
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis
- Center for Comparative Medicine and University of California, Davis
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis
- Center for Comparative Medicine and University of California, Davis
- Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis
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Morimoto K, Nakajima K. Role of the Immune System in the Development of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:916. [PMID: 31551681 PMCID: PMC6735264 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system are both intricate and highly organized systems that regulate the entire body, with both sharing certain common features in developmental mechanisms and operational modes. It is known that innate immunity-related molecules, such as cytokines, toll-like receptors, the complement family, and acquired immunity-related molecules, such as the major histocompatibility complex and antibody receptors, are also expressed in the brain and play important roles in brain development. Moreover, although the brain has previously been regarded as an immune-privileged site, it is known to contain lymphatic vessels. Not only microglia but also lymphocytes regulate cognition and play a vital role in the formation of neuronal circuits. This review provides an overview of the function of immune cells and immune molecules in the CNS, with particular emphasis on their effect on neural developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Boyle MJ, Chan JA, Handayuni I, Reiling L, Feng G, Hilton A, Kurtovic L, Oyong D, Piera KA, Barber BE, William T, Eisen DP, Minigo G, Langer C, Drew DR, de Labastida Rivera F, Amante FH, Williams TN, Kinyanjui S, Marsh K, Doolan DL, Engwerda C, Fowkes FJI, Grigg MJ, Mueller I, McCarthy JS, Anstey NM, Beeson JG. IgM in human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4489. [PMID: 31579826 PMCID: PMC6760923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on human immunity to malaria have focused on the roles of immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas the roles of IgM remain undefined. Analyzing multiple human cohorts to assess the dynamics of malaria-specific IgM during experimentally induced and naturally acquired malaria, we identified IgM activity against blood-stage parasites. We found that merozoite-specific IgM appears rapidly in Plasmodium falciparum infection and is prominent during malaria in children and adults with lifetime exposure, together with IgG. Unexpectedly, IgM persisted for extended periods of time; we found no difference in decay of merozoite-specific IgM over time compared to that of IgG. IgM blocked merozoite invasion of red blood cells in a complement-dependent manner. IgM was also associated with significantly reduced risk of clinical malaria in a longitudinal cohort of children. These findings suggest that merozoite-specific IgM is an important functional and long-lived antibody response targeting blood-stage malaria parasites that contributes to malaria immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Boyle
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
| | - J. A. Chan
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I. Handayuni
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - L. Reiling
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G. Feng
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Hilton
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L. Kurtovic
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. Oyong
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - K. A. Piera
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - B. E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - T. William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Gleneagles Hospital Kota Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia
| | - D. P. Eisen
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - G. Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - C. Langer
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D. R. Drew
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - F. H. Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T. N. Williams
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S. Kinyanjui
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - K. Marsh
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Centre for Geographic Medicine, Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. L. Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Engwerda
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F. J. I. Fowkes
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - I. Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - J. S. McCarthy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N. M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J. G. Beeson
- Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (M.J.B.); (J.G.B.)
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Weinstock C, Schnaidt M. Human Leucocyte Antigen Sensitisation and Its Impact on Transfusion Practice. Transfus Med Hemother 2019; 46:356-369. [PMID: 31832061 DOI: 10.1159/000502158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) sensitisation, including the formation of antibodies against HLA, can cause serious effects in patients receiving blood. Under certain circumstances, donor HLA antibodies in the blood product can trigger the patient's granulocytes to release mediators that cause transfusion-associated lung injury (TRALI), a serious complication of transfusion. The HLA systems of both donor and patient are involved in transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, which is a rare disease with a high mortality. Patient HLA antibodies can destroy incompatible platelets and may cause refractoriness to platelet transfusion. Identification of a patient's HLA antibody specificities is necessary for issuing compatible platelets to overcome refractoriness. Many techniques for the detection and identification of HLA antibodies have been developed, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, bead-based assays, the platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test, and the monoclonal antibody-specific immobilisation of platelet antigens assay. Different strategies for the selection of HLA-compatible platelets are applied. These strategies depend on the breadth of antibody reactivity and range from avoiding single HLA antigens in the platelet concentrates issued to apheresis of platelets from HLA-identical donors. The mechanisms of HLA sensitisation and the efforts made to provide compatible blood products to sensitised patients are reviewed in this article from the perspective of clinical transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Weinstock
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Institute Ulm, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Schnaidt
- Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Intestinal Permeability and IgA Provoke Immune Vasculitis Linked to Cardiovascular Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 51:508-521.e6. [PMID: 31471109 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental data and clinical, genetic, and transcriptome evidence from patients converge to suggest a key role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular lesions during KD vasculitis are still unknown. Here, we investigated intestinal barrier function in KD vasculitis and observed evidence of intestinal permeability and elevated circulating secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in KD patients, as well as elevated sIgA and IgA deposition in vascular tissues in a mouse model of KD vasculitis. Targeting intestinal permeability corrected gut permeability, prevented IgA deposition and ameliorated cardiovascular pathology in the mouse model. Using genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IL-1β signaling, we demonstrate that IL-1β lies upstream of disrupted intestinal barrier function, subsequent IgA vasculitis development, and cardiac inflammation. Targeting mucosal barrier dysfunction and the IL-1β pathway may also be applicable to other IgA-related diseases, including IgA vasculitis and IgA nephropathy.
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40
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Nyamboya RA, Sutton BJ, Calvert RA. Mapping of the binding site for FcμR in human IgM-Fc. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1868:140266. [PMID: 31449905 PMCID: PMC6905151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
FcμR is a high-affinity receptor for the Fc portion of human IgM. It participates in B cell activation, cell survival and proliferation, but the full range of its functions remains to be elucidated. The receptor has an extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain homologous to those in Fcα/μR and pIgR, but unlike these two other IgM receptors which also bind IgA, FcμR exhibits a binding specificity for only IgM-Fc. Previous studies have suggested that the IgM/FcμR interaction mainly involves the Cμ4 domains with possible contributions from either Cμ3 or Cμ2. To define the binding site more precisely, we generated three recombinant IgM-Fc proteins with specific mutations in the Cμ3 and Cμ4 domains, as well as a construct lacking the Cμ2 domains, and analyzed their interaction with the extracellular Ig-like domain of FcμR using surface plasmon resonance analysis. There is a binding site for FcμR in each IgM heavy chain. Neither the absence of the Cμ2 domains nor the quadruple mutant D340S/Q341G/D342S/T343S (in Cμ3 adjacent to Cμ2) affected FcμR binding, whereas double mutant K361D/D416R (in Cμ3 at the Cμ4 interface) substantially decreased binding, and a single mutation Q510R (in Cμ4) completely abolished FcμR binding. We conclude that glutamine at position 510 in Cμ4 is critical for IgM binding to FcμR. This will facilitate discrimination between the distinct effects of FcμR interactions with soluble IgM and with the IgM BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Nyamboya
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Brian J Sutton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Rosaleen A Calvert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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41
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Narayanan P, Shen L, Curtis BR, Bourdon MA, Nolan JP, Gupta S, Hoffmaster C, Zhou F, Christian B, Schaubhut JL, Greenlee S, Burel SA, Witztum JL, Engelhardt JA, Henry SP. Investigation into the Mechanism(s) That Leads to Platelet Decreases in Cynomolgus Monkeys During Administration of ISIS 104838, a 2'-MOE-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotide. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:613-626. [PMID: 29846725 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ISIS 104838, a 2'-O-methoxyethyl (2'-MOE)-modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), causes a moderate, reproducible, dose-dependent, but selflimiting decrease in platelet (PLT) counts in monkeys and humans. To determine the etiology of PLT decrease in cynomolgus monkeys, a 12-week repeat dose toxicology study in 5 cynomolgus monkeys given subcutaneous injections of ISIS 104838 (30-60 mg/kg/week). Monkeys were also injected intravenously with 111Indium(In)-oxine-labeled PLTs to investigate PLT sequestration. In response to continued dosing, PLT counts were decreased by 50%-90% by day 30 in all monkeys. PLT decreases were accompanied by 2- to 4.5-fold increases in immunoglobulin M(IgM), which were typified by a 2- to 5-fold increase in antiplatelet factor 4 (antiPF4) IgM and antiPLT IgM, respectively. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 increased upon dosing of ISIS 104838, concomitant with a 2- to 6-fold increase in monocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), indicating monocyte activation but not PLT activation. Despite a 2- to 3-fold increase in von Willebrand factor antigen in all monkeys following ASO administration, only 2 monkeys showed a 2- to 4-fold increase in endothelial EVs. Additionally, a ∼60 - 80%% increase in PLT sequestration in liver and spleen was also observed. Collectively, these results suggest the overall increase in total IgM, antiPLT IgM and/or antiPF4 IgM, in concert with monocyte activation contributed to increased PLT sequestration in spleen and liver, leading to decreased PLTs in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijiang Shen
- Nonclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Carlsbad, California, 92010
| | - Brian R Curtis
- Blood Research Institute Blood Center Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53236
| | | | - John P Nolan
- Cellarcus Technologies, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Shipra Gupta
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories (SNBL), Everett, Washington
| | | | - Fangli Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | | | | | - Sarah Greenlee
- Nonclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Carlsbad, California, 92010
| | - Sebastien A Burel
- Nonclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Carlsbad, California, 92010
| | - Joe L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | | | - Scott P Henry
- Nonclinical Development, Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Carlsbad, California, 92010
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Abstract
Specific IgM, administered together with the antigen it recognizes, enhances primary antibody responses, formation of germinal centers, and priming for secondary antibody responses. The response to all epitopes on the antigen to which IgM binds is usually enhanced. IgM preferentially enhances responses to large antigens such as erythrocytes, malaria parasites, and keyhole limpet hemocyanine. In order for an effect to be seen, antigens must be administered in suboptimal concentrations and in close temporal relationship to the IgM. Enhancement is dependent on the ability of IgM to activate complement, but the lytic pathway is not required. Enhancement does not take place in mice lacking complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2) suggesting that the role of IgM is to generate C3 split products, i.e., the ligands for CR1/2. In mice, these receptors are expressed on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and B cells. Optimal IgM-mediated enhancement requires that both cell types express CR1/2, but intermediate enhancement is seen when only FDCs express the receptors and low enhancement when only B cells express them. These observations imply that IgM-mediated enhancement works through several, non-mutually exclusive, pathways. Marginal zone B cells can transport IgM-antigen-complement complexes, bound to CR1/2, from the marginal zone and deposit them onto FDCs. In addition, co-crosslinking of the BCR and the CR2/CD19/CD81 co-receptor complex may enhance signaling to specific B cells, a mechanism likely to be involved in induction of early extrafollicular antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sörman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, SE 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 582, SE 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Ben Mkaddem S, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC. Understanding Fc Receptor Involvement in Inflammatory Diseases: From Mechanisms to New Therapeutic Tools. Front Immunol 2019; 10:811. [PMID: 31057544 PMCID: PMC6481281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors (FcRs) belong to the ITAM-associated receptor family. FcRs control the humoral and innate immunity which are essential for appropriate responses to infections and prevention of chronic inflammation or auto-immune diseases. Following their crosslinking by immune complexes, FcRs play various roles such as modulation of the immune response by released cytokines or of phagocytosis. Here, we review FcR involvement in pathologies leading notably to altered intracellular signaling with functionally relevant consequences to the host, and targeting of Fc receptors as therapeutic approaches. Special emphasis will be given to some FcRs, such as the FcαRI, the FcγRIIA and the FcγRIIIA, which behave like the ancient god Janus depending on the ITAM motif to inhibit or activate immune responses depending on their targeting by monomeric/dimeric immunoglobulins or by immune complexes. This ITAM duality has been recently defined as inhibitory or activating ITAM (ITAMi or ITAMa) which are controlled by Src family kinases. Involvement of various ITAM-bearing FcRs observed during infectious or autoimmune diseases is associated with allelic variants, changes in ligand binding ability responsible for host defense perturbation. During auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or immune thrombocytopenia, the autoantibodies and immune complexes lead to inflammation through FcR aggregation. We will discuss the role of FcRs in autoimmune diseases, and focus on novel approaches to target FcRs for resolution of antibody-mediated autoimmunity. We will finally also discuss the down-regulation of FcR functionality as a therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Marc Benhamou
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- INSERM U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France.,CNRS ERL8252, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.,Inflamex Laboratory of Excellence, Paris, France.,Service d'Immunologie, DHU Fire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique de Paris, Paris, France
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44
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Breedveld A, van Egmond M. IgA and FcαRI: Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Immunol 2019; 10:553. [PMID: 30984170 PMCID: PMC6448004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody class present at mucosal surfaces. The production of IgA exceeds the production of all other antibodies combined, supporting its prominent role in host-pathogen defense. IgA closely interacts with the intestinal microbiota to enhance its diversity, and IgA has a passive protective role via immune exclusion. Additionally, inhibitory ITAMi signaling via the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI; CD89) by monomeric IgA may play a role in maintaining homeostatic conditions. By contrast, IgA immune complexes (e.g., opsonized pathogens) potently activate immune cells via cross-linking FcαRI, thereby inducing pro-inflammatory responses resulting in elimination of pathogens. The importance of IgA in removal of pathogens is emphasized by the fact that several pathogens developed mechanisms to break down IgA or evade FcαRI-mediated activation of immune cells. Augmented or aberrant presence of IgA immune complexes can result in excessive neutrophil activation, potentially leading to severe tissue damage in multiple inflammatory, or autoimmune diseases. Influencing IgA or FcαRI-mediated functions therefore provides several therapeutic possibilities. On the one hand (passive) IgA vaccination strategies can be developed for protection against infections. Furthermore, IgA monoclonal antibodies that are directed against tumor antigens may be effective as cancer treatment. On the other hand, induction of ITAMi signaling via FcαRI may reduce allergy or inflammation, whereas blocking FcαRI with monoclonal antibodies, or peptides may resolve IgA-induced tissue damage. In this review both (patho)physiological roles as well as therapeutic possibilities of the IgA-FcαRI axis are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelot Breedveld
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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45
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Liu J, Wang Y, Xiong E, Hong R, Lu Q, Ohno H, Wang JY. Role of the IgM Fc Receptor in Immunity and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:529. [PMID: 30967868 PMCID: PMC6438924 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) M is the first antibody isotype to appear during evolution, ontogeny and immune responses. IgM not only serves as the first line of host defense against infections but also plays an important role in immune regulation and immunological tolerance. For many years, IgM is thought to function by binding to antigen and activating complement system. With the discovery of the IgM Fc receptor (FcμR), it is now clear that IgM can also elicit its function through FcμR. In this review, we will describe the molecular characteristics of FcμR, its role in B cell development, maturation and activation, humoral immune responses, host defense, and immunological tolerance. We will also discuss the functional relationship between IgM-complement and IgM-FcμR pathways in regulating immunity and tolerance. Finally, we will discuss the potential involvement of FcμR in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ermeng Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongjian Hong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Tay MZ, Wiehe K, Pollara J. Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in Antiviral Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:332. [PMID: 30873178 PMCID: PMC6404786 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral activities of antibodies may either be dependent only on interactions between the antibody and cognate antigen, as in binding and neutralization of an infectious virion, or instead may require interactions between antibody-antigen immune complexes and immunoproteins or Fc receptor expressing immune effector cells. These Fc receptor-dependent antibody functions provide a direct link between the innate and adaptive immune systems by combining the potent antiviral activity of innate effector cells with the diversity and specificity of the adaptive humoral response. The Fc receptor-dependent function of antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) provides mechanisms for clearance of virus and virus-infected cells, as well as for stimulation of downstream adaptive immune responses by facilitating antigen presentation, or by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. In this review, we discuss the properties of Fc receptors, antibodies, and effector cells that influence ADCP. We also provide and interpret evidence from studies that support a potential role for ADCP in either inhibiting or enhancing viral infection. Finally, we describe current approaches used to measure antiviral ADCP and discuss considerations for the translation of studies performed in animal models. We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zirui Tay
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Justin Pollara
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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47
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Shibuya A, Honda SI, Shibuya K. A pro-inflammatory role of Fcα/μR on marginal zone B cells in sepsis. Int Immunol 2019; 29:519-524. [PMID: 29281010 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors play important roles for a wide array of immune responses. In contrast to the well-defined Fcγ and Fcε receptors, the molecular and functional characteristics of Fc receptors for IgA and IgM have remained incompletely understood for years. Recent progress has unveiled the characteristics of Fc receptors for IgA and IgM, including Fcα/μ receptor (Fcα/μR) (CD351), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (poly-IgR), Fcα receptor (FcαRI) (CD89) and Fcμ receptor (FcμR). In this review, we summarize the molecular and functional characteristics of Fcα/μR in comparison with poly-IgR, FcμR and FcαRI, and focus particularly on the pro-inflammatory function of Fcα/μR expressed on marginal zone B cells in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Honda
- Department of Immunology, Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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48
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Fereidan-Esfahani M, Nayfeh T, Warrington A, Howe CL, Rodriguez M. IgM Natural Autoantibodies in Physiology and the Treatment of Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1904:53-81. [PMID: 30539466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8958-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are vital components of the adaptive immune system for the recognition and response to foreign antigens. However, some antibodies recognize self-antigens in healthy individuals. These autoreactive antibodies may modulate innate immune functions. IgM natural autoantibodies (IgM-NAAs) are a class of primarily polyreactive immunoglobulins encoded by germline V-gene segments which exhibit low affinity but broad specificity to both foreign and self-antigens. Historically, these autoantibodies were closely associated with autoimmune disease. Nevertheless, not all human autoantibodies are pathogenic and compelling evidence indicates that IgM-NAAs may exert a spectrum of effects from injurious to protective depending upon cellular and molecular context. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential physiological and therapeutic roles of IgM-NAAs in different disease conditions such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and autoimmune disease. We also describe the discovery of two reparative IgM-NAAs by our laboratory and delineate their proposed mechanisms of action in central nervous system (CNS) disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Nayfeh
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Charles L Howe
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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49
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Hansen IS, Baeten DLP, den Dunnen J. The inflammatory function of human IgA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 76:1041-1055. [PMID: 30498997 PMCID: PMC6513800 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing concept regarding the immunological function of immunoglobulin A (IgA) is that it binds to and neutralizes pathogens to prevent infection at mucosal sites of the body. However, recently, it has become clear that in humans IgA is also able to actively contribute to the initiation of inflammation, both at mucosal and non-mucosal sites. This additional function of IgA is initiated by the formation of immune complexes, which trigger Fc alpha Receptor I (FcαRI) to synergize with various other receptors to amplify inflammatory responses. Recent findings have demonstrated that co-stimulation of FcαRI strongly affects pro-inflammatory cytokine production by various myeloid cells, including different dendritic cell subsets, macrophages, monocytes, and Kupffer cells. FcαRI-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in orchestrating human host defense against pathogens, as well as the generation of tissue-specific immunity. In addition, FcαRI-induced inflammation is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Combined, IgA-induced inflammation may be used to either promote inflammatory responses, e.g. in the context of cancer therapy, but may also provide new therapeutic targets to counteract chronic inflammation in the context of various chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S Hansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Dunnen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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50
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Galicia G, Lee DSW, Ramaglia V, Ward LA, Yam JY, Leung LYT, Li R, Handy M, Zhang J, Drohomyrecky PC, Lancaster E, Bar-Or A, Martin A, Gommerman JL. Isotype-Switched Autoantibodies Are Necessary To Facilitate Central Nervous System Autoimmune Disease in Aicda−/− and Ung−/− Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1119-1130. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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