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Campbell I, Beckers E, Sharifpour R, Berger A, Paparella I, Aizpurua JFB, Koshmanova E, Mortazavi N, Sherif S, Vandewalle G. Impact of light on task-evoked pupil responses during cognitive tasks. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14101. [PMID: 37974557 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Light has many non-image-forming functions including modulation of pupil size and stimulation of alertness and cognition. Part of these non-image-forming effects may be mediated by the brainstem locus coeruleus. The processing of sensory inputs can be associated with a transient pupil dilation that is likely driven in part by the phasic activity of the locus coeruleus. In the present study, we aimed to characterise the task-evoked pupil response associated with auditory inputs under different light levels and across two cognitive tasks. We continuously monitored the pupil of 20 young healthy participants (mean [SD] 24.05 [4.0] years; 14 women) whilst they completed an attentional and an emotional auditory task whilst exposed to repeated 30-40-s blocks of light interleaved with darkness periods. Blocks could either consist of monochromatic orange light (0.16 melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) lux) or blue-enriched white light of three different levels [37, 92, 190 melanopic EDI lux; 6500 K]. For the analysis, 15 and then 14 participants were included in the attentional and emotional tasks, respectively. Generalised linear mixed models showed a significant main effect of light level on the task-evoked pupil responses triggered by the attentional and emotional tasks (p ≤ 0.0001). The impact of light was different for the target versus non-target stimulus of the attentional task but was not different for the emotional and neutral stimulus of the emotional task. There is a smaller sustained pupil size during brighter light blocks but, a higher light level triggers a stronger task-evoked pupil response to auditory stimulation, presumably through the recruitment of the locus coeruleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islay Campbell
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elise Beckers
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roya Sharifpour
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Berger
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Synergia Medical SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Ilenia Paparella
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Ekaterina Koshmanova
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasrin Mortazavi
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Siya Sherif
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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López-Canul M, He Q, Sasson T, Ettaoussi M, Gregorio DD, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Catoire H, Posa L, Rouleau G, Beaulieu JM, Comai S, Gobbi G. Selective Enhancement of REM Sleep in Male Rats through Activation of Melatonin MT 1 Receptors Located in the Locus Ceruleus Norepinephrine Neurons. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0914232024. [PMID: 38744530 PMCID: PMC11255427 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0914-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders affect millions of people around the world and have a high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. While current hypnotics mostly increase non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS), drugs acting selectively on enhancing rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) are lacking. This polysomnographic study in male rats showed that the first-in-class selective melatonin MT1 receptor partial agonist UCM871 increases the duration of REMS without affecting that of NREMS. The REMS-promoting effects of UCM871 occurred by inhibiting, in a dose-response manner, the firing activity of the locus ceruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) neurons, which express MT1 receptors. The increase of REMS duration and the inhibition of LC-NE neuronal activity by UCM871 were abolished by MT1 pharmacological antagonism and by an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, which selectively knocked down MT1 receptors in the LC-NE neurons. In conclusion, MT1 receptor agonism inhibits LC-NE neurons and triggers REMS, thus representing a novel mechanism and target for REMS disorders and/or psychiatric disorders associated with REMS impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha López-Canul
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Qianzi He
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Tania Sasson
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Ettaoussi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Rafael Ochoa-Sanchez
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Helene Catoire
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Luca Posa
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean Martin Beaulieu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - Stefano Comai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
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Edlow BL, Olchanyi M, Freeman HJ, Li J, Maffei C, Snider SB, Zöllei L, Iglesias JE, Augustinack J, Bodien YG, Haynes RL, Greve DN, Diamond BR, Stevens A, Giacino JT, Destrieux C, van der Kouwe A, Brown EN, Folkerth RD, Fischl B, Kinney HC. Multimodal MRI reveals brainstem connections that sustain wakefulness in human consciousness. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadj4303. [PMID: 38691619 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adj4303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Consciousness is composed of arousal (i.e., wakefulness) and awareness. Substantial progress has been made in mapping the cortical networks that underlie awareness in the human brain, but knowledge about the subcortical networks that sustain arousal in humans is incomplete. Here, we aimed to map the connectivity of a proposed subcortical arousal network that sustains wakefulness in the human brain, analogous to the cortical default mode network (DMN) that has been shown to contribute to awareness. We integrated data from ex vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of three human brains, obtained at autopsy from neurologically normal individuals, with immunohistochemical staining of subcortical brain sections. We identified nodes of the proposed default ascending arousal network (dAAN) in the brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and basal forebrain. Deterministic and probabilistic tractography analyses of the ex vivo diffusion MRI data revealed projection, association, and commissural pathways linking dAAN nodes with one another and with DMN nodes. Complementary analyses of in vivo 7-tesla resting-state functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project identified the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area in the midbrain as a widely connected hub node at the nexus of the subcortical arousal and cortical awareness networks. Our network-based autopsy methods and connectivity data provide a putative neuroanatomic architecture for the integration of arousal and awareness in human consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Edlow
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark Olchanyi
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Holly J Freeman
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Chiara Maffei
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samuel B Snider
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - J Eugenio Iglesias
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jean Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yelena G Bodien
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bram R Diamond
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Allison Stevens
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christophe Destrieux
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emery N Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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4
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Van Egroo M, van Someren EJW, Grinberg LT, Bennett DA, Jacobs HIL. Associations of 24-Hour Rest-Activity Rhythm Fragmentation, Cognitive Decline, and Postmortem Locus Coeruleus Hypopigmentation in Alzheimer's Disease. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:653-664. [PMID: 38407546 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While studies suggested that locus coeruleus (LC) neurodegeneration contributes to sleep-wake dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the association between LC integrity and circadian rest-activity patterns remains unknown. Here, we investigated the relationships between 24-hour rest-activity rhythms, cognitive trajectories, and autopsy-derived LC integrity in older adults with and without cortical AD neuropathology. METHODS This retrospective study leveraged multi-modal data from participants of the longitudinal clinical-pathological Rush Memory and Aging Project. Indices of 24-hour rest-activity rhythm fragmentation (intradaily variability) and stability (interdaily stability) were extracted from annual actigraphic recordings, and cognitive trajectories were computed from annual cognitive evaluations. At autopsy, LC neurodegeneration was determined by the presence of hypopigmentation, and cortical AD neuropathology was assessed. Contributions of comorbid pathologies (Lewy bodies, cerebrovascular pathology) were evaluated. RESULTS Among the 388 cases included in the study sample (age at death = 92.1 ± 5.9 years; 273 women), 98 (25.3%) displayed LC hypopigmentation, and 251 (64.7%) exhibited cortical AD neuropathology. Logistic regression models showed that higher rest-activity rhythm fragmentation, measured up to ~7.1 years before death, was associated with increased risk to display LC neurodegeneration at autopsy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 1.16-1.84, pBONF = 0.004), particularly in individuals with cortical AD neuropathology (OR = 1.56, CI95%: 1.15-2.15, pBONF = 0.03) and independently of comorbid pathologies. In addition, longitudinal increases in rest-activity rhythm fragmentation partially mediated the association between LC neurodegeneration and cognitive decline (estimate = -0.011, CI95%: -0.023--0.002, pBONF = 0.03). INTERPRETATION These findings highlight the LC as a neurobiological correlate of sleep-wake dysregulation in AD, and further underscore the clinical relevance of monitoring rest-activity patterns for improved detection of at-risk individuals. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:653-664.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Van Egroo
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Mahoney HL, Schmidt TM. The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:159-175. [PMID: 38279030 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Ever-present in our environments, light entrains circadian rhythms over long timescales, influencing daily activity patterns, health and performance. Increasing evidence indicates that light also acts independently of the circadian system to directly impact physiology and behaviour, including cognition. Exposure to light stimulates brain areas involved in cognition and appears to improve a broad range of cognitive functions. However, the extent of these effects and their mechanisms are unknown. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged as the primary conduit through which light impacts non-image-forming behaviours and are a prime candidate for mediating the direct effects of light on cognition. Here, we review the current state of understanding of these effects in humans and mice, and the tools available to uncover circuit-level and photoreceptor-specific mechanisms. We also address current barriers to progress in this area. Current and future efforts to unravel the circuits through which light influences cognitive functions may inform the tailoring of lighting landscapes to optimize health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Mahoney
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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6
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Liu Q, Luo X, Liang Z, Qin D, Xu M, Wang M, Guo W. Coordination between circadian neural circuit and intracellular molecular clock ensures rhythmic activation of adult neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318030121. [PMID: 38346182 PMCID: PMC10895264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock throughout the day organizes the activity of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult hippocampus temporally. However, it is still unclear whether and how circadian signals from the niches contribute to daily rhythmic variation of NSC activation. Here, we show that norepinephrinergic (NEergic) projections from the locus coeruleus (LC), a brain arousal system, innervate into adult DG, where daily rhythmic release of norepinephrine (NE) from the LC NEergic neurons controlled circadian variation of NSC activation through β3-adrenoceptors. Disrupted circadian rhythmicity by acute sleep deprivation leads to transient NSC overactivation and NSC pool exhaustion over time, which is effectively ameliorated by the inhibition of the LC NEergic neuronal activity or β3-adrenoceptors-mediated signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that NE/β3-adrenoceptors-mediated signaling regulates NSC activation through molecular clock BMAL1. Therefore, our study unravels that adult NSCs precisely coordinate circadian neural circuit and intrinsic molecular circadian clock to adapt their cellular behavior across the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
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7
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Zhu H, Wu M, Mou J, Yang X, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Xue H, Xu J, Chen L, Xu L. Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1281617. [PMID: 38374960 PMCID: PMC10875996 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1281617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates the behavior, physiology, and metabolism of mammals, and these characteristics, such as sleep-wake cycles, exercise capacity, and hormone levels, exhibit circadian rhythms. Light signaling is the main stimulator of the mammalian circadian system. The photoperiod regulates the reproductive cycle of seasonal breeding animals, and the circadian clock plays a pivotal role in this process. However, the role of the clock in coordinating animal behavior and physiology in response to photoperiodic changes needs further investigation. The present study investigated the changes and correlation of behavioral activities, physiological indicators, and gene expression in female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) within 24 h under a 12L:12D photoperiod. We found that the daily rhythms of sleep-wake and open field were significant in hamsters. The expression of clock genes, melatonin receptor genes, and genes involved in general metabolism oscillated significantly in central and peripheral tissues (brain, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, and thymus) and was significantly associated with behavior and physiology. Our results revealed that the neuroendocrine system regulated the rhythmicity of behavior and physiology, and central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2), melatonin receptor genes (MT1, MT2, and GPR50), and metabolizing genes (SIRT1, FGF21, and PPARα) played important roles. Our results suggest that central and peripheral circadian clocks, melatonin receptors, and genes involved in general metabolism may play key roles in maintaining circadian behavior and metabolic homeostasis in striped hamsters. Our results may have important implication for rodent pest control.
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8
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Klein RM. Assessing the predictions from Posner's theory of phasic alertness using data from Los and Schut (2008). Mem Cognit 2024; 52:1-6. [PMID: 37389786 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-023-01438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Alertness has been construed as one of three fundamental components of attention. When generated by a warning signal, phasic changes in alertness ubiquitously decrease reaction time. But how does it do so? Based on earlier findings, in 1975, Posner proposed a theory of phasic alertness with two postulates: (i) phasic alertness does not affect the accumulation of information; (ii) phasic alertness accelerates when a response based on the accumulating information will be generated. When targets are continuously presented, this theory predicts that alertness will reduce reaction at the expense of an increase in errors-that is, generate a speed-accuracy trade-off. Los and Schut, Cognitive Psychology, 57, 20-55, (2008), while endorsing Posner's theory, claimed to have failed to replicated the tell-tale trade-off reported by Posner et al. Memory and Cognition, 1, 2-12, (1973, Experiment 1). The primary goal of this commentary was to use all the data from Los and Schut to see if the predicted speed-accuracy trade-off would be verified or not. With the increased power, it was confirmed that the conditions that benefited the most in reaction time from alertness also had higher error rates. It is noteworthy that recent studies have generated replications and extensions of the methods and findings of Posner et al; thus, it appears that the empirical pattern predicted by Posner's theory of phasic alertness is relatively robust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Klein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Liu Q, Bell BJ, Kim DW, Lee SS, Keles MF, Liu Q, Blum ID, Wang AA, Blank EJ, Xiong J, Bedont JL, Chang AJ, Issa H, Cohen JY, Blackshaw S, Wu MN. A clock-dependent brake for rhythmic arousal in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6381. [PMID: 37821426 PMCID: PMC10567910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks generate rhythms of arousal, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In Drosophila, the clock output molecule WIDE AWAKE (WAKE) labels rhythmic neural networks and cyclically regulates sleep and arousal. Here, we show, in a male mouse model, that mWAKE/ANKFN1 labels a subpopulation of dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) neurons involved in rhythmic arousal and acts in the DMH to reduce arousal at night. In vivo Ca2+ imaging reveals elevated DMHmWAKE activity during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while patch-clamp recordings show that DMHmWAKE neurons fire more frequently at night. Chemogenetic manipulations demonstrate that DMHmWAKE neurons are necessary and sufficient for arousal. Single-cell profiling coupled with optogenetic activation experiments suggest that GABAergic DMHmWAKE neurons promote arousal. Surprisingly, our data suggest that mWAKE acts as a clock-dependent brake on arousal during the night, when mice are normally active. mWAKE levels peak at night under clock control, and loss of mWAKE leads to hyperarousal and greater DMHmWAKE neuronal excitability specifically at night. These results suggest that the clock does not solely promote arousal during an animal's active period, but instead uses opposing processes to produce appropriate levels of arousal in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mehmet F Keles
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qili Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Ian D Blum
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Annette A Wang
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elijah J Blank
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiali Xiong
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Bedont
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna J Chang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Habon Issa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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10
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Paparella I, Campbell I, Sharifpour R, Beckers E, Berger A, Aizpurua JFB, Koshmanova E, Mortazavi N, Talwar P, Degueldre C, Lamalle L, Sherif S, Phillips C, Maquet P, Vandewalle G. Light modulates task-dependent thalamo-cortical connectivity during an auditory attentional task. Commun Biol 2023; 6:945. [PMID: 37714936 PMCID: PMC10504287 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to blue wavelength light stimulates alertness and performance by modulating a widespread set of task-dependent cortical and subcortical areas. How light affects the crosstalk between brain areas to trigger this stimulating effect is not established. Here we record the brain activity of 19 healthy young participants (24.05±2.63; 12 women) while they complete an auditory attentional task in darkness or under an active (blue-enriched) or a control (orange) light, in an ultra-high-field 7 Tesla MRI scanner. We test if light modulates the effective connectivity between an area of the posterior associative thalamus, encompassing the pulvinar, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), key areas in the regulation of attention. We find that only the blue-enriched light strengthens the connection from the posterior thalamus to the IPS. To the best of our knowledge, our results provide the first empirical data supporting that blue wavelength light affects ongoing non-visual cognitive activity by modulating task-dependent information flow from subcortical to cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Paparella
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Islay Campbell
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roya Sharifpour
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elise Beckers
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ET, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Berger
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Synergia Medical SA, 1435, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | | | - Ekaterina Koshmanova
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasrin Mortazavi
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Puneet Talwar
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Degueldre
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Lamalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Siya Sherif
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Neurology Department, CHU de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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11
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Wang CM, Zhang Y, Chen WC, Lin S, He HF. Effects of Pharmacological Intervention on Recovery After Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Children: a Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4488-4501. [PMID: 37115403 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane, commonly administered to children as anesthesia, often leads to emergence delirium (ED). Currently, a consensus is lacking among clinicians regarding pharmacological interventions to improve recovery. To determine an effective approach, we compared the effects of several drugs in lowering the incidence of ED after sevoflurane anesthesia in children.We searched online databases for relevant randomized controlled trials (59 studies selected; 5199 NMA-eligible participants) and performed a frequentist network meta-analysis (NMA). This study was registered on PROSPERO (number CRD: 42022329939).All included studies had a low to moderate risk of overall bias. The incidence of ED after sevoflurane anesthesia in children differed according to other drugs administered, and were ranked from high to low according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).Sufentanil (91.2%) and dexmedetomidine (77.6%) were more likely to reduce the incidence (SUCRA value) of ED, whereas the placebo (6.5%), ramelteon (11.1%), and magnesium (18%) were less likely to reduce the incidence of ED. Remifentanil (89.3%) ranked first in shortening emergence time, followed by placebo (82.4%) and ketamine (69.7%). Placebo shortened extubation time, followed by remifentanil (66.5%) and alfentanil (61.4%).Sufentanil and remifentanil lowered sevoflurane-induced ED incidences among children and shortened the emergence time more effectively than other drugs. Most adjuvant drugs that are combined with sevoflurane either do not change or may even prolong extubation time. Further research and clinical trials are required to support and update these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Mei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shishi General Hospital, NO.2156 Shijin Road, Shishi, 362700, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei-Can Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
- Neuroendocrinology Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - He-Fan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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12
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Trifilio E, Shortell D, Olshan S, O’Neal A, Coyne J, Lamb D, Porges E, Williamson J. Impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on healthy cognitive and brain aging. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1184051. [PMID: 37575296 PMCID: PMC10416636 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1184051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for clinically meaningful benefits of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been rapidly accumulating over the past 15 years. This relatively novel non-invasive brain stimulation technique has been applied to a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. More recently, non-invasive forms of VNS have allowed for investigations within healthy aging populations. These results offer insight into protocol considerations specific to older adults and how to translate those results into effective clinical trials and, ultimately, effective clinical care. In this review, we characterize the possible mechanisms by which non-invasive VNS may promote healthy aging (e.g., neurotransmitter effects, inflammation regulation, functional connectivity changes), special considerations for applying non-invasive VNS in an older adult population (e.g., vagus nerve changes with age), and how non-invasive VNS may be used in conjunction with existing behavioral interventions (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive training) to promote healthy emotional and cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Trifilio
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Destin Shortell
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sarah Olshan
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexandria O’Neal
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jozee Coyne
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Damon Lamb
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric Porges
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John Williamson
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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13
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Snipes S, Meier E, Meissner SN, Landolt HP, Huber R. How and when EEG reflects changes in neuronal connectivity due to time awake. iScience 2023; 26:107138. [PMID: 37534173 PMCID: PMC10391938 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Being awake means forming new memories, primarily by strengthening neuronal synapses. The increase in synaptic strength results in increasing neuronal synchronicity, which should result in higher amplitude electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations. This is observed for slow waves during sleep but has not been found for wake oscillations. We hypothesized that this was due to a limitation of spectral power analysis, which does not distinguish between changes in amplitudes from changes in number of occurrences of oscillations. By using cycle-by-cycle analysis instead, we found that theta and alpha oscillation amplitudes increase as much as 30% following 24 h of extended wake. These increases were interrupted during the wake maintenance zone (WMZ), a window just before bedtime when it is difficult to fall asleep. We found that pupil diameter increased during this window, suggesting the ascending arousal system is responsible. In conclusion, wake oscillation amplitudes reflect increased synaptic strength, except during the WMZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Snipes
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elias Meier
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Nadine Meissner
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Edlow BL, Olchanyi M, Freeman HJ, Li J, Maffei C, Snider SB, Zöllei L, Iglesias JE, Augustinack J, Bodien YG, Haynes RL, Greve DN, Diamond BR, Stevens A, Giacino JT, Destrieux C, van der Kouwe A, Brown EN, Folkerth RD, Fischl B, Kinney HC. Sustaining wakefulness: Brainstem connectivity in human consciousness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.13.548265. [PMID: 37502983 PMCID: PMC10369992 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.548265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Consciousness is comprised of arousal (i.e., wakefulness) and awareness. Substantial progress has been made in mapping the cortical networks that modulate awareness in the human brain, but knowledge about the subcortical networks that sustain arousal is lacking. We integrated data from ex vivo diffusion MRI, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo 7 Tesla functional MRI to map the connectivity of a subcortical arousal network that we postulate sustains wakefulness in the resting, conscious human brain, analogous to the cortical default mode network (DMN) that is believed to sustain self-awareness. We identified nodes of the proposed default ascending arousal network (dAAN) in the brainstem, hypothalamus, thalamus, and basal forebrain by correlating ex vivo diffusion MRI with immunohistochemistry in three human brain specimens from neurologically normal individuals scanned at 600-750 μm resolution. We performed deterministic and probabilistic tractography analyses of the diffusion MRI data to map dAAN intra-network connections and dAAN-DMN internetwork connections. Using a newly developed network-based autopsy of the human brain that integrates ex vivo MRI and histopathology, we identified projection, association, and commissural pathways linking dAAN nodes with one another and with cortical DMN nodes, providing a structural architecture for the integration of arousal and awareness in human consciousness. We release the ex vivo diffusion MRI data, corresponding immunohistochemistry data, network-based autopsy methods, and a new brainstem dAAN atlas to support efforts to map the connectivity of human consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Edlow
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Mark Olchanyi
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Holly J. Freeman
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Chiara Maffei
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Samuel B. Snider
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - J. Eugenio Iglesias
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Jean Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Yelena G. Bodien
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Robin L. Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Bram R. Diamond
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Allison Stevens
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Joseph T. Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Christophe Destrieux
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
| | - Emery N. Brown
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannah C. Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Tsuji S, Brace CS, Yao R, Tanie Y, Tada H, Rensing N, Mizuno S, Almunia J, Kong Y, Nakamura K, Furukawa T, Ogiso N, Toyokuni S, Takahashi S, Wong M, Imai SI, Satoh A. Sleep-wake patterns are altered with age, Prdm13 signaling in the DMH, and diet restriction in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301992. [PMID: 37045472 PMCID: PMC10105329 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Old animals display significant alterations in sleep-wake patterns such as increases in sleep fragmentation and sleep propensity. Here, we demonstrated that PR-domain containing protein 13 (Prdm13)+ neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) are activated during sleep deprivation (SD) in young mice but not in old mice. Chemogenetic inhibition of Prdm13+ neurons in the DMH in young mice promotes increase in sleep attempts during SD, suggesting its involvement in sleep control. Furthermore, DMH-specific Prdm13-knockout (DMH-Prdm13-KO) mice recapitulated age-associated sleep alterations such as sleep fragmentation and increased sleep attempts during SD. These phenotypes were further exacerbated during aging, with increased adiposity and decreased physical activity, resulting in shortened lifespan. Dietary restriction (DR), a well-known anti-aging intervention in diverse organisms, ameliorated age-associated sleep fragmentation and increased sleep attempts during SD, whereas these effects of DR were abrogated in DMH-Prdm13-KO mice. Moreover, overexpression of Prdm13 in the DMH ameliorated increased sleep attempts during SD in old mice. Therefore, maintaining Prdm13 signaling in the DMH might play an important role to control sleep-wake patterns during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsuji
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Cynthia S Brace
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruiqing Yao
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanie
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nicholas Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Julio Almunia
- Laboratory of Experimental Animals, NCGG, Obu, Japan
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratories for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Ogiso
- Laboratory of Experimental Animals, NCGG, Obu, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Gerontology, Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Satoh
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), Obu, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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16
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Starnes AN, Jones JR. Inputs and Outputs of the Mammalian Circadian Clock. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040508. [PMID: 37106709 PMCID: PMC10136320 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are coordinated by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light and other environmental inputs change the timing of the SCN neural network oscillator, which, in turn, sends output signals that entrain daily behavioral and physiological rhythms. While much is known about the molecular, neuronal, and network properties of the SCN itself, the circuits linking the outside world to the SCN and the SCN to rhythmic outputs are understudied. In this article, we review our current understanding of the synaptic and non-synaptic inputs onto and outputs from the SCN. We propose that a more complete description of SCN connectivity is needed to better explain how rhythms in nearly all behaviors and physiological processes are generated and to determine how, mechanistically, these rhythms are disrupted by disease or lifestyle.
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17
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Circadian functioning of Locus Cœruleus of the nocturnal rat and diurnal rodent Arvicanthis. Neurosci Lett 2023; 799:137091. [PMID: 36690061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The noradrenergic Locus Cœruleus is one of the major arousal structures involved in inducing wakefulness. While brain noradrenaline (NA) amounts display 24-h variations, the origin of NA rhythm is currently unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that NA rhythm could result from its rhythmic synthesis. Therefore, we investigated the 24-h expression profile of NA rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (th), in the Locus Cœruleus (LC) of the nocturnal rat and the diurnal rodent Arvicanthis, under 12 h:12 h light/dark (LD) and constant darkness (DD) conditions. In both species, th mRNA levels vary significantly over 24-h. In nocturnal rats, th mRNA profiles show a unimodal rhythm, with peak values in late day in LD, and in the middle of the subjective day in DD. In contrast, th mRNA rhythm in Arvicanthis is characterized by a bimodal profile, with higher levels at the beginning of the day and of the night in LD, and in the middle of the subjective day and night in DD. The rhythmic pattern of th expression may be dependent on a LC clock machinery. Therefore, we investigated the expression of three clock genes, namely bmal1, per1, and per2, and found that their mRNAs display significant variations between day and nighttime points in both species, but in opposite directions. These data show that NA rhythm may be related to circadian expression of th gene in both species, but differs between nocturnal and diurnal rodents. Furthermore, the phase opposition of clock gene expression in the rat compared to Arvicanthis suggests that the clock machinery might be one of the mechanisms involved in th rhythmic expression.
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18
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Jiang Y, Zou M, Wang Y, Wang Y. Nucleus accumbens in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder: A brief review. Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:68-75. [PMID: 36889362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder characterized by anhedonia, loss of motivation, avolition, behavioral despair and cognitive abnormalities. Despite substantial advancements in the pathophysiology of MDD in recent years, the pathogenesis of this disorder is not fully understood. Meanwhile,the treatment of MDD with currently available antidepressants is inadequate, highlighting the urgent need for clarifying the pathophysiology of MDD and developing novel therapeutics. Extensive studies have demonstrated the involvement of nuclei such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HIP), nucleus accumbens (NAc), hypothalamus, etc., in MDD. NAc,a region critical for reward and motivation,dysregulation of its activity seems to be a hallmark of this mood disorder. In this paper, we present a review of NAc related circuits, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MDD and share an analysis of the gaps in current research and possible future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Jiang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yeqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention & Treatment of Depressive Diseases, Changsha, China.
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19
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Wang Y, Song Y, Tong L, Wang L, Cao J, Qin G, Liu X, Mi W, Wang E, Guo Y. GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus regulate states of consciousness in sevoflurane anesthesia. iScience 2022; 26:105913. [PMID: 36686391 PMCID: PMC9852568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the regulation of anesthetic consciousness is heterogeneous, and the medial hypothalamus (MH), consisting of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), plays an important role in sleep and circadian rhythm. However, the role of MH GABAergic neurons (MHGABA) in anesthesia remains unclear. In this study, we used righting reflex, electroencephalogram (EEG), and arousal behavioral score to evaluate the sevoflurane anesthesia. Activation of MHGABA or DMHGABA neurons prolonged the anesthesia induction time, shortened the anesthesia emergence time, and induced EEG arousal and body movement during anesthesia; meanwhile, VMHGABA neurons activated only induced EEG changes during 1.5% sevoflurane anesthesia. Furthermore, inhibition of DMHGABA neurons significantly deepened sevoflurane anesthesia. Therefore, DMHGABA neurons exert a strong emergence-promoting effect on induction, maintenance, and arousal during sevoflurane general anesthesia, which helps to reveal the mechanism of anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yanping Song
- Department of Anesthesia, 922 Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, China
| | - Li Tong
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiangbei Cao
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weidong Mi
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - E. Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China,Corresponding author
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Anesthesia and Operation Centre, the First Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China,Corresponding author
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20
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Lyu J, Cai H, Chen Y, Chen G. Brain areas modulation in consciousness during sevoflurane anesthesia. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:1031613. [PMID: 36619239 PMCID: PMC9811387 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.1031613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sevoflurane is presently one of the most used inhaled anesthetics worldwide. However, the mechanisms through which sevoflurane acts and the areas of the brain associated with changes in consciousness during anesthesia remain important and complex research questions. Sevoflurane is generally regarded as a volatile anesthetic that blindly targets neuronal (and sometimes astrocyte) GABAA receptors. This review focuses on the brain areas of sevoflurane action and their relation to changes in consciousness during anesthesia. We cover 20 years of history, from the bench to the bedside, and include perspectives on functional magnetic resonance, electroencephalogram, and pharmacological experiments. We review the interactions and neurotransmitters involved in brain circuits during sevoflurane anesthesia, improving the effectiveness and accuracy of sevoflurane's future application and shedding light on the mechanisms behind human consciousness.
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21
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Orssatto LBR, Fernandes GL, Blazevich AJ, Trajano GS. Facilitation-inhibition control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents in young and older adults. J Physiol 2022; 600:5101-5117. [PMID: 36284446 PMCID: PMC10092053 DOI: 10.1113/jp283708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-coordinated facilitation-inhibition control of motor neuronal persistent inward currents (PICs) via diffuse neuromodulation and local inhibition is essential to ensure motor units discharge at required times and frequencies. Present best estimates indicate that PICs are reduced in older adults; however, it is not yet known whether PIC facilitation-inhibition control is also altered with ageing. We investigated the responses of PICs to (i) a remote handgrip contraction, which is believed to diffusely increase serotonergic input onto motor neurones, and (ii) tendon vibration of the antagonist muscle, which elicits reciprocal inhibition, in young and older adults. High-density surface electromyograms were collected from soleus and tibialis anterior of 18 young and 26 older adults during triangular-shaped plantar and dorsiflexion contractions to 20% (handgrip experiments) and 30% (vibration experiments) of maximum torque (rise-decline rate of 2%/s). A paired-motor-unit analysis was used to calculate ∆F, which is assumed to be proportional to PIC strength. ΔF increased in both soleus (0.55 peaks per second (pps), 16.0%) and tibialis anterior (0.42 pps, 11.4%) after the handgrip contraction independent of age. Although antagonist tendon vibration reduced ΔF in soleus (0.28 pps, 12.6%) independent of age, less reduction was observed in older (0.42 pps, 10.7%) than young adults (0.72 pps, 17.8%) in tibialis anterior. Our data indicate a preserved ability of older adults to amplify PICs following a remote handgrip contraction, during which increased serotonergic input onto the motor neurones is expected, in both lower leg muscles. However, PIC deactivation in response to reciprocal inhibition was impaired with ageing in tibialis anterior despite being preserved in soleus. KEY POINTS: Motor neuronal persistent inward currents (PICs) are facilitated via diffuse neuromodulation and deactivated by local inhibition to ensure motor units discharge at required times and frequencies, allowing normal motor behaviour. PIC amplitudes appear to be reduced with ageing; however, it is not known whether PIC facilitation-inhibition control is also altered. Remote handgrip contraction, which should diffusely increase serotonergic input onto motor neurones, facilitated PICs similarly in both soleus and tibialis anterior of young and older adults. Antagonist tendon vibration, which induces reciprocal inhibition, reduced PICs in soleus in both young and older adults but had less effect in tibialis anterior in older adults. Data from lower-threshold motor units during low-force contractions suggest that PIC facilitation is preserved with ageing in soleus and tibialis anterior. However, the effect of reciprocal inhibition on the contribution of PICs to motor neurone discharge seems reduced in tibialis anterior but preserved in soleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B R Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabriel L Fernandes
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - A J Blazevich
- School of Medical and Exercise Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Gabriel S Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Woodward SH. Autonomic regulation during sleep in PTSD. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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23
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Kim SY, Lee KH, Lee H, Jeon JE, Kim S, Lee MH, Lee J, Jeon S, Oh SM, Kim SJ, Lee YJ. Neural activation underlying emotional interference of cognitive control in rotating shift workers: moderating effects of the prefrontal cortex response on the association between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms. Sleep 2022; 45:6701668. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
This study investigated the altered neural function involved in emotional interference and its role in linking sleep disturbance and depressive/anxiety symptoms in rotating shift workers.
Methods
Sixty rotating shift workers and 61 controls performed the emotional Stroop task in three blocks (emotional-related, sleep-related, and neutral words) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) assessments. Sleep disturbance and depressive/anxiety symptoms were assessed using self-report measures and sleep diaries. Actigraphy was used to assess the sleep and circadian variables. fMRI scans were performed to compare brain activation during the emotional Stroop task. The proposed moderating models were tested using the PROCESS macro in SPSS software.
Results
A significant condition effect on reaction time was detected. Regardless of the group, reaction times were longer in the negative emotional word and sleep-related conditions than in the neutral word condition. Whole-brain analysis revealed that rotating shift workers show greater neural activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) compared with controls while performing the emotional Stroop task with negative emotional words. Sleep disturbance was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms when activation of the left DLPFC was higher during the emotional Stroop task with negative words.
Conclusions
The left DLPFC may play important roles in increased sensitivity to emotional information, possibly due to circadian misalignment, and has moderating effects on the association between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms in rotating shift workers. These findings will help to identify possible brain regions where interventions can be performed to correct sleep and mood problems in rotating shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Oh
- Seoul Top Class Clinic , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Mu YM, Huang XD, Zhu S, Hu ZF, So KF, Ren CR, Tao Q. Alerting effects of light in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1929-1936. [PMID: 35142669 PMCID: PMC8848614 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light plays an essential role in psychobiological and psychophysiological processes, such as alertness. The alerting effect is influenced by light characteristics and the timing of interventions. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically review the effect of light intervention on alertness and to discuss the optimal protocol for light intervention. In this meta-analysis, registered at PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD42020181485), we conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases for studies published in English prior to August 2021. The outcomes included both subjective and objective alertness. Subgroup analyses considered a variety of factors, such as wavelength, correlated color temperature (CCT), light illuminance, and timing of interventions (daytime, night-time, or all day). Twenty-seven crossover studies and two parallel-group studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 1210 healthy participants (636 (52%) male, mean age 25.62 years). The results revealed that light intervention had a positive effect on both subjective alertness (standardized mean difference (SMD) = –0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.49 to –0.06, P = 0.01) and objective alertness in healthy subjects (SMD = –0.34, 95% CI: –0.68 to –0.01, P = 0.04). The subgroup analysis revealed that cold light was better than warm light in improving subjective alertness (SMD = –0.37, 95% CI: –0.65 to –0.10, P = 0.007, I2 = 26%) and objective alertness (SMD = –0.36, 95% CI: –0.66 to –0.07, P = 0.02, I2 = 0). Both daytime (SMD = –0.22, 95% CI: –0.37 to –0.07, P = 0.005, I2 = 74%) and night-time (SMD = –0.32, 95% CI: –0.61 to –0.02, P = 0.04, I2 = 0) light exposure improved subjective alertness. The results of this meta-analysis and systematic review indicate that light exposure is associated with significant improvement in subjective and objective alertness. In addition, light exposure with a higher CCT was more effective in improving alertness than light exposure with a lower CCT. Our results also suggest that both daytime and night-time light exposure can improve subjective alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Man Mu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Fang Hu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Qingdao, Shandong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao-Ran Ren
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Qingdao, Shandong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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25
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Recurrent circadian circuitry regulates central brain activity to maintain sleep. Neuron 2022; 110:2139-2154.e5. [PMID: 35525241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal brains have discrete circadian neurons, but little is known about how they are coordinated to influence and maintain sleep. Here, through a systematic optogenetic screening, we identified a subtype of uncharacterized circadian DN3 neurons that is strongly sleep promoting in Drosophila. These anterior-projecting DN3s (APDN3s) receive signals from DN1 circadian neurons and then output to newly identified noncircadian "claw" neurons (CLs). CLs have a daily Ca2+ cycle, which peaks at night and correlates with DN1 and DN3 Ca2+ cycles. The CLs feedback onto a subset of DN1s to form a positive recurrent loop that maintains sleep. Using trans-synaptic photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PA-GFP) tracing and functional in vivo imaging, we demonstrated that the CLs drive sleep by interacting with and releasing acetylcholine onto the mushroom body γ lobe. Taken together, the data identify a novel self-reinforcing loop within the circadian network and a new sleep-promoting neuropile that are both essential for maintaining normal sleep.
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Osorio-Forero A, Cherrad N, Banterle L, Fernandez LMJ, Lüthi A. When the Locus Coeruleus Speaks Up in Sleep: Recent Insights, Emerging Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095028. [PMID: 35563419 PMCID: PMC9099715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, numerous seminal studies have built our understanding of the locus coeruleus (LC), the vertebrate brain’s principal noradrenergic system. Containing a numerically small but broadly efferent cell population, the LC provides brain-wide noradrenergic modulation that optimizes network function in the context of attentive and flexible interaction with the sensory environment. This review turns attention to the LC’s roles during sleep. We show that these roles go beyond down-scaled versions of the ones in wakefulness. Novel dynamic assessments of noradrenaline signaling and LC activity uncover a rich diversity of activity patterns that establish the LC as an integral portion of sleep regulation and function. The LC could be involved in beneficial functions for the sleeping brain, and even minute alterations in its functionality may prove quintessential in sleep disorders.
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27
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Watts AG, Kanoski SE, Sanchez-Watts G, Langhans W. The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:689-813. [PMID: 34486393 PMCID: PMC8759974 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable degree of cell specificity, particularly at the cell signaling level, and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections: a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones that still engender vigorous debate, that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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28
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Gnyawali S, Feigl B, Adhikari P, Zele AJ. The role of melanopsin photoreception on visual attention linked pupil responses. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1986-2002. [PMID: 35357050 PMCID: PMC9324975 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A decision during a visual task is marked by a task‐evoked pupil dilation (TEPD) that is linked to the global cortical arousal state. Melanopsin expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) form the afferent pathway for this pupil response. Melanopsin activation also influences mood and arousal and increases activity in decision‐making brain areas that receive direct ipRGC projections. Here, an optical photostimulation method controlled the excitations of all five photoreceptor classes in the human eye to isolate melanopsin‐mediated photoreception. We hypothesised that the TEPD can be driven by directing active visual covert attention through the ipRGC pathway. When observers are completely certain of the stimulus presence, melanopsin‐directed stimulation produces a TEPD of similar amplitude to a cone‐directed stimulation, with their combination producing larger amplitudes. This dilation is satisfactorily modelled by linear addition with a higher melanopsin weighting in ipRGCs. Visual reaction times were longest in response to melanopsin‐directed lights. Next, we asked whether the afferent photoreceptor input and decision certainty, controlled by priming the observer's a priori expectation, interact to drive the TEPD. Signal detection analysis showed that by fixing the predecision certainty (bias), the phasic arousal and TEPD amplitude vary with observer criterion (c′) and sensitivity (d′) but not with preferential activation of melanopsin. The signature feature of the melanopsin response during attention was a biphasic TEPD. We conclude that active covert attention can be modulated by visual information mediated via ipRGCs, but that phasic arousal responses marked using the TEPD are not increased by higher levels of melanopsin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Gnyawali
- Melanopsin Photoreception and Visual Science Laboratories, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Beatrix Feigl
- Melanopsin Photoreception and Visual Science Laboratories, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Prakash Adhikari
- Melanopsin Photoreception and Visual Science Laboratories, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J Zele
- Melanopsin Photoreception and Visual Science Laboratories, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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29
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Simonetta I, Riolo R, Todaro F, Tuttolomondo A. New Insights on Metabolic and Genetic Basis of Migraine: Novel Impact on Management and Therapeutical Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063018. [PMID: 35328439 PMCID: PMC8955051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a hereditary disease, usually one-sided, sometimes bilateral. It is characterized by moderate to severe pain, which worsens with physical activity and may be associated with nausea and vomiting, may be accompanied by photophobia and phonophobia. The disorder can occur at any time of the day and can last from 4 to 72 h, with and without aura. The pathogenic mechanism is unclear, but extensive preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing. According to electrophysiology and imaging studies, many brain areas are involved, such as cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. The activation of the trigeminovascular system has a key role in the headache phase. There also appears to be a genetic basis behind the development of migraine. Numerous alterations have been identified, and in addition to the genetic cause, there is also a close association with the surrounding environment, as if on the one hand, the genetic alterations may be responsible for the onset of migraine, on the other, the environmental factors seem to be more strongly associated with exacerbations. This review is an analysis of neurophysiological mechanisms, neuropeptide activity, and genetic alterations that play a fundamental role in choosing the best therapeutic strategy. To date, the goal is to create a therapy that is as personalized as possible, and for this reason, steps forward have been made in the pharmacological field in order to identify new therapeutic strategies for both acute treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Simonetta
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.)
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renata Riolo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Federica Todaro
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (I.S.); (R.R.); (F.T.)
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine PhD Programme, University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ramirez-Plascencia OD, Saderi N, Cárdenas Romero S, Flores Sandoval O, Báez-Ruiz A, Martínez Barajas H, Salgado-Delgado R. Temporal dysregulation of hypothalamic integrative and metabolic nuclei in rats fed during the rest phase. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:374-385. [PMID: 34906015 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.2002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Temporal coordination of organisms according to the daytime allows a better performance of physiological processes. However, modern lifestyle habits, such as food intake during the rest phase, promote internal desynchronization and compromise homeostasis and health. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes body physiology and behavior with the environmental light-dark cycle by transmitting time information to several integrative hypothalamic nuclei, such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and median preoptic area (MnPO). The SCN receives metabolic information mainly via Neuropeptide Y (NPY) inputs from the intergeniculate nucleus of the thalamus (IGL). Nowadays, there is no evidence of the response of the PVN, DMH and MnPO when the animals are subjected to internal desynchronization by restricting food access to the rest phase of the day. To explore this issue, we compared the circadian activity of the SCN, PVN, DMH and MnPO. In addition, we analyzed the daily activity of the satiety centers of the brainstem, the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP), which send metabolic information to the SCN, directly or via the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). For that, male Wistar rats were assigned to three meal protocols: fed during the rest phase (Day Fed); fed during the active phase (Night Fed); free access to food (ad libitum). After 21 d, the daily activity patterns of these nuclei were analyzed by c-Fos immunohistochemistry, as well as NPY immunohistochemistry, in the SCN. The results show that eating during the rest period produces a phase advance in the activity of the SCN, changes the daily activity pattern in the MnPO, NTS and AP and flattens the c-Fos rhythm in the PVN and DMH. Altogether, these results validate previous observations of circadian dysregulation that occurs within the central nervous system when meals are consumed during the rest phase, a behavior that is involved in the metabolic alterations described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Ramirez-Plascencia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadia Saderi
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Omar Flores Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Adrián Báez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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31
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Maruani J, Geoffroy PA. Multi-Level Processes and Retina-Brain Pathways of Photic Regulation of Mood. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020448. [PMID: 35054142 PMCID: PMC8781294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Light exerts powerful biological effects on mood regulation. Whereas the source of photic information affecting mood is well established at least via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) secreting the melanopsin photopigment, the precise circuits that mediate the impact of light on depressive behaviors are not well understood. This review proposes two distinct retina–brain pathways of light effects on mood: (i) a suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-dependent pathway with light effect on mood via the synchronization of biological rhythms, and (ii) a SCN-independent pathway with light effects on mood through modulation of the homeostatic process of sleep, alertness and emotion regulation: (1) light directly inhibits brain areas promoting sleep such as the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), and activates numerous brain areas involved in alertness such as, monoaminergic areas, thalamic regions and hypothalamic regions including orexin areas; (2) moreover, light seems to modulate mood through orexin-, serotonin- and dopamine-dependent pathways; (3) in addition, light activates brain emotional processing areas including the amygdala, the nucleus accumbens, the perihabenular nucleus, the left hippocampus and pathways such as the retina–ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet–lateral habenula pathway. This work synthetizes new insights into the neural basis required for light influence mood
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maruani
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM U1141, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.A.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)1-40-25-82-62 (J.M. & P.A.G.)
| | - Pierre A. Geoffroy
- Département de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat—Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM U1141, Université de Paris, F-75019 Paris, France
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- GHU Paris—Psychiatry & Neurosciences, 1 Rue Cabanis, F-75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.A.G.); Tel.: +33-(0)1-40-25-82-62 (J.M. & P.A.G.)
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32
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Lin Z, Hou G, Yao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu F, Liu L, Zeng L, Yang Y, Ma J. 40-Hz Blue Light Changes Hippocampal Activation and Functional Connectivity Underlying Recognition Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:739333. [PMID: 34975431 PMCID: PMC8716555 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.739333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on light modulation has typically examined the wavelength, intensity, and exposure time of light, and measured rhythm, sleep, and cognitive ability to evaluate the regulatory effects of light variables on physiological and cognitive functions. Although the frequency of light is one of the main dimensions of light, few studies have attempted to manipulate it to test the effect on brain activation and performance. Recently, 40-Hz light stimulation has been proven to significantly alleviate deficits in gamma oscillation of the hippocampus caused by Alzheimer’s disease. Although this oscillation is one of the key functional characteristics of performing memory tasks in healthy people, there is no evidence that 40-Hz blue light exposure can effectively regulate brain activities related to complex cognitive tasks. In the current study, we examined the difference in the effects of 40-Hz light or 0-Hz light exposure on brain activation and functional connectivity during a recognition memory task. Through joint augmentation of visual area activation, 40-Hz light enhanced brain areas mostly in the limbic system that are related to memory, such as the hippocampus and thalamus. Conversely, 0-Hz light enhanced brain areas mostly in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, functional connection analysis, with the hippocampus as the seed point, showed that 40-Hz light enhanced connection with the superior parietal lobe and reduced the connection with the default network. These results indicate that light at a frequency of 40 Hz can change the activity and functional connection of memory-related core brain areas. They also indicate that in the use of light to regulate cognitive functions, its frequency characteristics merit attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Lin
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linjing Liu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingwu Zeng
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yatao Yang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junxian Ma
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Van Egroo M, Koshmanova E, Vandewalle G, Jacobs HI. Importance of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in sleep-wake regulation: implications for aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101592. [PMID: 35124476 PMCID: PMC9064973 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Five decades ago, seminal studies positioned the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine (NE) system as a key substrate for the regulation of wakefulness and sleep, and this picture has recently been elaborated thanks to methodological advances in the precise investigation and experimental modulation of LC structure and functions. This review presents and discusses findings that support the major role of the LC-NE system at different levels of sleep-wake organization, ranging from its involvement in the overall architecture of the sleep-wake cycle to its associations with sleep microstructure, while accounting for the intricate neuroanatomy surrounding the LC. Given the particular position held by the LC-NE system by being at the intersection of sleep-wake dysregulation and initial pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we conclude by examining emerging opportunities to investigate LC-NE mediated relationships between sleep-wake alteration and AD in human aging. We further propose several research perspectives that could support the LC-NE system as a promising target for the identification of at-risk individuals in the preclinical stages of AD, and for the development of novel preventive interventions.
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Chong SD, Baldwin CL. The Origins of Passive, Active, and Sleep-Related Fatigue. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:765322. [PMID: 38235224 PMCID: PMC10790914 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.765322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Driving is a safety-critical task that requires an alert and vigilant driver. Most research on the topic of vigilance has focused on its proximate causes, namely low arousal and resource expenditure. The present article aims to build upon previous work by discussing the ultimate causes, or the processes that tend to precede low arousal and resource expenditure. The authors review different aspects of fatigue that contribute to a loss of vigilance and how they tend to occur; specifically, the neurochemistry of passive fatigue, the electrophysiology of active fatigue, and the chronobiology of sleep-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Chong
- Department of Psychology, Program of Human Factors Psychology, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
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35
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Kvello P, Gericke N. Identifying knowledge important to teach about the nervous system in the context of secondary biology and science education-A Delphi study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260752. [PMID: 34932596 PMCID: PMC8691623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Teaching about the nervous system has become a challenging task in secondary biology and science education because of the fast development in the field of neuroscience. A major challenge is to determine what content to teach. Curricula goals are often too general to guide instruction, and information about the nervous system has become overwhelming and diverse with ubiquitous relevance in society. In addition, several misconceptions and myths are circulating in educational communities causing world-wide confusion as to what content is correct. To help teachers, textbook authors, and curricula developers in this challenging landscape of knowledge, the aim of the present study is to identify the expert view on what knowledge is important for understanding the nervous system in the context of secondary biology and science education. To accomplish this, we have conducted a thematic content analysis of textbooks followed by a Delphi study of 15 experts in diverse but relevant fields. The results demonstrate six curriculum themes including gross anatomy and function, cell types and functional units, the nerve signal, connections between neurons, when nerve signals travel through networks of neurons, and plasticity in the nervous system, as well as 26 content principles organized in a coherent curriculum progression from general content to more specific content. Whereas some of the principles clarify and elaborate on traditional school biology knowledge, others add new knowledge to the curriculum. Importantly, the new framework for teaching about the nervous system presented here, meets the needs of society, as expressed by recent international policy frameworks of OECD and WHO, and it addresses common misconceptions about the brain. The study suggests an update of the biology and science curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kvello
- Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Niklas Gericke
- Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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36
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Juri T, Fujimoto Y, Suehiro K, Nishikawa K, Mori T. Participation of the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of acetaminophen in a rat model of inflammation. Life Sci 2021; 286:120030. [PMID: 34627774 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the relationship between the analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen and the descending noradrenergic systems using rodent models of inflammatory pain. MAIN METHODS Inflammatory pain models were established by carrageenan injection into rats' paws. The models were defined as acute (4 h after carrageenan injection), subacute (24 h after carrageenan injection), and late (1 week after carrageenan injection) phase. To evaluate intravenous acetaminophen treatment, the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli was assessed simultaneously with in vivo microdialysis assay of noradrenaline levels in the locus coeruleus (LC). Further analyses were performed to observe the effect of yohimbine on the treatment and the impact of AM404 treatment, a metabolite of acetaminophen, on noradrenaline levels in the LC. KEY FINDINGS In all phases, intravenous acetaminophen had a significant anti-hyperalgesic effect (p < 0.05). There was a significant time-dependent increase in the noradrenaline concentration within the LC (acetaminophen versus saline treatment; at 30 min, p < 0.001; 60 min, p < 0.01) in the subacute pain model, but not in the acute and late phase pain models. Intrathecal pre-injection of yohimbine attenuated the anti-hyperalgesic effect after acetaminophen injection only in the subacute model (p < 0.05). In the subacute pain model, intracerebroventricular administration of AM404 showed the same trend in noradrenaline levels as acetaminophen administration (AM404 versus vehicle group at 30 min, p < 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE We found the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system is involved in the antinociceptive action of acetaminophen in the subacute phase of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Juri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Koichi Suehiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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37
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Cao Y, Pan S, Yan M, Sun C, Huang J, Zhong C, Wang L, Yi L. Flexible and stretchable polymer optical fibers for chronic brain and vagus nerve optogenetic stimulations in free-behaving animals. BMC Biol 2021; 19:252. [PMID: 34819062 PMCID: PMC8611887 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although electrical stimulation of the peripheral and central nervous systems has attracted much attention owing to its potential therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric diseases, its non-cell-type-specific activation characteristics may hinder its wide clinical application. Unlike electrical methodologies, optogenetics has more recently been applied as a cell-specific approach for precise modulation of neural functions in vivo, for instance on the vagus nerve. The commonly used implantable optical waveguides are silica optical fibers, which for brain optogenetic stimulation (BOS) are usually fixed on the skull bone. However, due to the huge mismatch of mechanical properties between the stiff optical implants and deformable vagal tissues, vagus nerve optogenetic stimulation (VNOS) in free-behaving animals continues to be a great challenge. Results To resolve this issue, we developed a simplified method for the fabrication of flexible and stretchable polymer optical fibers (POFs), which show significantly improved characteristics for in vivo optogenetic applications, specifically a low Young’s modulus, high stretchability, improved biocompatibility, and long-term stability. We implanted the POFs into the primary motor cortex of C57 mice after the expression of CaMKIIα-ChR2-mCherry detected frequency-dependent neuronal activity and the behavioral changes during light delivery. The viability of POFs as implantable waveguides for VNOS was verified by the increased firing rate of the fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons recorded in the left vagus nerve of VGAT-ChR2 transgenic mice. Furthermore, VNOS was carried out in free-moving rodents via chronically implanted POFs, and an inhibitory influence on the cardiac system and an anxiolytic effect on behaviors was shown. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the use of POFs in chronic optogenetic modulations in both of the central and peripheral nervous systems, providing new information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Suwan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengying Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chongyang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lu Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Lee HJ, Bae E, Lee HY, Lee SM, Lee J. Association of natural light exposure and delirium according to the presence or absence of windows in the intensive care unit. Acute Crit Care 2021; 36:332-341. [PMID: 34696555 PMCID: PMC8907453 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2021.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have increased risks of delirium, which is associated with worse outcomes. As pharmacologic treatments for delirium are ineffective, prevention is important. Nonpharmacologic preventive strategies include exposure to natural light and restoring circadian rhythm. We investigated the effect of exposure to natural light through windows on delirium in the ICU. Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed all patients admitted to the medical ICU of a university-affiliated hospital between January and June 2020 for eligibility. The ICU included 12 isolation rooms, six with and six without windows. Patients with ICU stays of >48 hours were included and were divided into groups based on their admission to a single room with (window group) or without windows (windowless group). The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of delirium. The secondary outcomes were the numbers of delirium- and mechanical ventilation-free days, ICU and hospital length of stay, and in-ICU and 28-day mortalities. Results Of the 150 included patients (window group: 83 [55.3%]; windowless group: 67 [44.7%]), the cumulative incidence of delirium was significantly lower in the window group than in the windowless group (21.7% vs. 43.3%; relative risk, 1.996; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.220–3.265). Other secondary outcomes did not differ between groups. Admission to a room with a window was independently associated with a decreased risk of delirium (adjusted odds ratio, 0.318; 95% CI, 0.125–0.805). Conclusions Exposure to natural light through windows was associated with a lower incidence of delirium in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhye Bae
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Yeul Lee
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bumgarner JR, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. Circadian rhythms and pain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:296-306. [PMID: 34375675 PMCID: PMC8429267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide a perspective on the nature and importance of the relationship between the circadian and pain systems. We provide: 1) An overview of the circadian and pain systems, 2) a review of direct and correlative evidence that demonstrates diurnal and circadian rhythms within the pain system; 3) a perspective highlighting the need to consider the role of a proposed feedback loop of circadian rhythm disruption and maladaptive pain; 4) a perspective on the nature of the relationship between circadian rhythms and pain. In summary, we propose that there is no single locus responsible for producing the circadian rhythms of the pain system. Instead, circadian rhythms of pain are a complex result of the distributed rhythms present throughout the pain system, especially those of the descending pain modulatory system, and the rhythms of the systems with which it interacts, including the opioid, endocrine, and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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40
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Millán-Aldaco D, Arankowsky-Sandoval G, Yamamoto T, Pertwee RG, Parker L, Mechoulam R. Assessing the treatment of cannabidiolic acid methyl ester: a stable synthetic analogue of cannabidiolic acid on c-Fos and NeuN expression in the hypothalamus of rats. J Cannabis Res 2021; 3:31. [PMID: 34253253 PMCID: PMC8276432 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-021-00081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychotropic compound from Cannabis sativa, shows positive results on controlling several health disturbances; however, comparable data regarding additional chemical from C. sativa, such as cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is scarce due to its instability. To address this limitation, a stable CBDA analogue, CBDA methyl ester (HU-580), was synthetized and showed CBDA-like effects. Recently, we described that HU-580 increased wakefulness and wake-related neurochemicals. OBJECTIVE To extend the comprehension of HU-580´s properties on waking, the c-Fos and NeuN expression in a wake-linked brain area, the hypothalamus was evaluated. METHODS c-Fos and NeuN expression in hypothalamic sections were analyzed after the injections of HU-580 (0.1 or 100 μg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS Systemic administrations of HU-580 increased c-Fos and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) expression in hypothalamic nuclei, including the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsal part, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus compact part, and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus ventral part. CONCLUSION HU-580 increased c-Fos and NeuN immunoreactivity in hypothalamus nuclei suggesting that this drug might modulate the sleep-wake cycle by engaging the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Progreso, Int. Km. 2 Carretera a Chablekal, Yucatán, C.P. 97,308, Mérida, México.
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Diana Millán-Aldaco
- Depto. de Neurociencia Cognitiva. División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda Parker
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Circadian rhythm influences naloxone induced morphine withdrawal and neuronal activity of lateral paragigantocellularis nucleus. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113450. [PMID: 34265318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Investigations have shown that the circadian rhythm can affect the mechanisms associated with drug dependence. In this regard, we sought to assess the negative consequence of morphine withdrawal syndrome on conditioned place aversion (CPA) and lateral paragigantocellularis (LPGi) neuronal activity in morphine-dependent rats during light (8:00-12:00) and dark (20:00-24:00) cycles. Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were received 10 mg/kg morphine or its vehicle (Saline, 2 mL/kg/12 h, s.c.) in 13 consecutive days for behavioral assessment tests. Then, naloxone-induced conditioned place aversion and physical signs of withdrawal syndrome were evaluated during light and dark cycles. In contrast to the behavioral part, we performed in vivo extracellular single-unit recording for investigating the neural response of LPGi to naloxone in morphine-dependent rats on day 10 of morphine/saline exposure. Results showed that naloxone induced conditioned place aversion in both light and dark cycles, but the CPA score during the light cycle was larger. Moreover, the intensity of physical signs of morphine withdrawal syndrome was more severe during the light cycle (rest phase) compare to the dark one. In electrophysiological experiments, results indicated that naloxone evoked both excitatory and inhibitory responses in LPGi neurons and the incremental effect of naloxone on LPGi activity was stronger in the light cycle. Also, the neurons with the excitatory response exhibited higher baseline activity in the dark cycle, but the neurons with the inhibitory response showed higher baseline activity in the light cycle. Interestingly, the baseline firing rate of neurons recorded in the light cycle was significantly different in response (excitatory/inhibitory) -dependent manner. We concluded that naloxone-induced changes in LPGi cellular activity and behaviors of morphine-dependent rats can be affected by circadian rhythm and the internal clock.
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Khurram OU, Negro F, Heckman CJ, Thompson CK. Estimates of persistent inward currents in tibialis anterior motor units during standing ramped contraction tasks in humans. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:264-274. [PMID: 34133235 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00144.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inward currents (PICs) play an essential role in setting motor neuron gain and shaping motor unit firing patterns. Estimates of PICs in humans can be made using the paired motor unit analysis technique, which quantifies the difference in discharge rate of a lower threshold motor unit at the recruitment onset and offset of a higher threshold motor unit (ΔF). Because PICs are highly dependent on the level of neuromodulatory drive, ΔF represents an estimate of level of neuromodulation at the level of the spinal cord. Most of the estimates of ΔF are performed under constrained, isometric, seated conditions. In the present study, we used high-density surface EMG arrays to discriminate motor unit firing patterns during isometric seated conditions with torque or EMG visual feedback and during unconstrained standing anterior-to-posterior movements with root mean square EMG visual feedback. We were able to apply the paired motor unit analysis technique to the decomposed motor units in each of the three conditions. We hypothesized that ΔF would be higher during unconstrained standing anterior-to-posterior movements compared with the seated conditions, reflecting an increase in the synaptic input to motoneurons drive while standing. In agreement with previous work, we found that there was no evidence of a difference in ΔF between the seated and standing postures, although slight differences in the initial and peak discharge rates were observed. Taken together, our results suggest that both the standing and seated postures are likely not sufficiently different, both being "upright" postures, to result in large changes in neuromodulatory drive.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the present study, we show that the discharge rate of a lower threshold motor unit at the recruitment onset and offset of a higher threshold motor unit (ΔF) is similar between standing and seated conditions in human tibialis anterior motor units, suggesting that at least for these two upright postures neuromodulatory drive is similar. We also highlight a proposed technological development in using high-density EMG arrays for real-time muscle activity feedback to accomplish standing ramped contraction tasks and demonstrate the validity of the paired motor unit analysis technique during these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid U Khurram
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Francesco Negro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C J Heckman
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher K Thompson
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sun W, Yang Y, Chen X, Cheng Y, Li X, An L. Light Promotes Neural Correlates of Fear Memory via Enhancing Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Expression in the Prelimbic Cortex. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1802-1810. [PMID: 33961393 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to light has been shown to enhance vigilance and improve working memory, possibly due to changes in prefrontal function. Ample evidence supports the critical role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) in fear memory performance. However, the effects of light on memory processing and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. Here, through rats exposure conditioned to light at different memory phases, we sought evidence for the influences by employing behavioral tests, pharmacological infusions, immunoblotting, and electrophysiological recording. Exposure to light immediately following conditioning of 30 min or longer could effectively improve consolidation of fear memory without altering short-term memory or upgrading the original fear. The absence of significant freezing during baseline and intertrial interval periods ruled out the possibility of a general induction of freezing by light. Meanwhile, rats exposed to light in homecages or conditioning chambers exhibited a similar memory phenotype, indicating that light specifically enhanced the fear stimulus rather than the contextual environment. Furthermore, light exposure elevated the training-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the prelimbic, but not infralimbic, subregion of the PFC. Moreover, the BDNF-TrkB pathway, but not the BDNF-p75NTR pathway, was involved in light-mediated fear memory. The enhancement in BDNF activity effectively facilitated firing correlates of prelimbic pyramidal neurons but not fast-spiking interneurons. Blocking the training-induced BDNF by its antibody abolished the effects of light on neural function and fear memory. Therefore, our findings indicate that light enhances training-induced BDNF expression that promotes the neural correlate of memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xiaolian Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Rehabilitation Hospital, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Lei An
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550001, China
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
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Resilience in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111258. [PMID: 33516909 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many believe that the circadian impairments associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease are, simply enough, a byproduct of tissue degeneration within the central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). However, the findings that have accumulated to date examining the SCNs obtained postmortem from the brains of older individuals, or those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease upon autopsy, suggest only limited atrophy. We review this literature as well as a complementary one concerning fetal-donor SCN transplant, which established that many circadian timekeeping functions can be maintained with rudimentary (structurally limited) representations of the SCN. Together, these corpora of data suggest that the SCN is a resilient brain region that cannot be directly (or solely) implicated in the behavioral manifestations of circadian disorganization often witnessed during aging as well as early and late progression of Alzheimer's disease. We complete our review by suggesting future directions of research that may bridge this conceptual divide and briefly discuss the implications of it for improving health outcomes in later adulthood.
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Kurczewska E, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak E, Rybakowski F, Michalak M, Rybakowski J. Treatment-resistant depression: Neurobiological correlates and the effect of sleep deprivation with sleep phase advance for the augmentation of pharmacotherapy. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:58-69. [PMID: 32295463 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1755449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the neurobiology of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and factors connected with improvement after total sleep deprivation (TSD) with sleep phase advance (SPA), for the augmentation of pharmacotherapy. METHODS The study comprised 43 patients with TRD, (15 male, 28 female), aged 48 ± 13 years, with the illness duration 12 ± 9 years, and the depressive episode 8 ± 7 months. TRD was defined as a lack of significant improvement despite at least two antidepressant treatments and the augmentation with mood-stabilisers. Clinical improvement (response) was a reduction of ≥50% of points in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the remission criterion was ≤7 points in HDRS, lasting until the 14th day after TSD + SPA. RESULTS TRD severity was associated with greater activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the pro-inflammatory status of the immune system and lower reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The response was achieved by 18 of 42 subjects, and connected with the later onset and shorter duration of the disease. In responders, there was a decrease in cortisol and interferon-gamma. In all subjects, a decrease in thyroid hormones was observed. CONCLUSIONS TRD can improve after augmentation of pharmacotherapy by TSD + SPA and some biological changes may be compatible with a decrease in allostatic load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kurczewska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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The Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine Strain Bartha K61: A Brief Review on the Knowledge Gathered During 60 Years of Research. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110897. [PMID: 33121171 PMCID: PMC7693725 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a member of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily of the herpesviruses and is the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease in pigs, causing respiratory, neurological, and reproductive symptoms. Given the heavy economic losses associated with Aujeszky’s disease epidemics, great efforts were made to develop efficacious vaccines. One of the best modified live vaccines to this day is the attenuated Bartha K61 strain. The use of this vaccine in extensive vaccination programs worldwide has assisted considerably in the eradication of PRV from the domesticated pig population in numerous countries. The Bartha K61 strain was described in 1961 by Adorján Bartha in Budapest and was obtained by serial passaging in different cell cultures. Ever since, it has been intensively studied by several research groups, for example, to explore its efficacy as a vaccine strain, to molecularly and mechanistically explain its attenuation, and to use it as a retrograde neuronal tracer and as a vector vaccine. Given that the Bartha K61 vaccine strain celebrates its 60th birthday in 2021 with no sign of retirement, this review provides a short summary of the knowledge on its origin, characteristics, and use as a molecular tool and as a vaccine.
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Imai R, Makino H, Katoh T, Kimura T, Kurita T, Hokamura K, Umemura K, Nakajima Y. Desflurane anesthesia shifts the circadian rhythm phase depending on the time of day of anesthesia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18273. [PMID: 33106509 PMCID: PMC7588451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Desflurane is one of the most frequently used inhalational anesthetics in clinical practice. A circadian rhythm phase-shift after general anesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane has been reported in mice, but few studies have reported this effect with desflurane. In the present study, we examined the rest/activity rhythm of mice by counting the number of running wheel rotations, and we found that desflurane anesthesia caused a phase shift in the circadian rhythm that was dependent on the time of day of anesthesia. We also found that desflurane anesthesia altered the relative mRNA expression of four major clock genes (Per2, Bmal, Clock, and Cry1) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). These results are important for elucidating the effects of desflurane on the SCN, which is the master clock for the mammalian circadian rhythm. Further studies on the relationship between anesthesia and circadian rhythm may lead to the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications related to circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Imai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Makino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takasumi Katoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kimura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kurita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hokamura
- Department of Medical Education, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakajima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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Bostanciklioğlu M. Unexpected awakenings in severe dementia from case reports to laboratory. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 17:125-136. [PMID: 33064369 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Case report notions of unexpected memory retrieval in patients with severe dementia near to death are starting to alter the central "irreversible" paradigm of dementia and locate dementia as a problem of memory retrieval, not consolidation. We suggest that the most likely central tenet of this paradoxical memory retrieval is the fluctuation of neuromodulators projecting from the brain stem to the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. The neuromodulation-centric explanation of this phenomenon aims to open the "irreversible" paradigm of dementia up for discussion and suggest a plausible treatment strategy by questioning how the devastating process of death fluctuates memory performance in severe dementia. BACKGROUND Supporting demented patients, who are mostly unresponsive, without making demands or asking a question and regarding them as valuable human beings unexpectedly improve their memory performance around the time of death. NEW LUCIDITY HYPOTHESIS Around the time of death, neurological signs (hyper-arousal and -attention) of demented people point out that neurotransmitter discharges are dramatically changed. Relatively resistant neuromodulator circuits to neurodegeneration can maintain optimal levels of arousal and attention for memory processing. In this way, unexpected episodes of lucidity can be triggered. Also, corticotropin-releasing peptides might increase mental clarity by increasing the excitability of the neuromodulator circuits. The science of memory retrieval is more complicated and nuanced than retrieval observations in case reports, but the rapid development of new techniques holds promise for future understanding of lucidity in severe dementia. MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR THE MODEL There is no an animal or human model to test this hypothesis; however, the similarities between neurological signs (instantaneous cognitive fluctuations) of delirium and paradoxical lucidity could provide a unique window to understand neural events of terminal lucidity on a modified animal model of delirium. Likewise, similarities between unexpected consciousness signs of terminal lucidity and lucid dreaming suggest that lucid dreaming episodes might be considered a human model for terminal lucidity research.
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Daou M, Telias I, Younes M, Brochard L, Wilcox ME. Abnormal Sleep, Circadian Rhythm Disruption, and Delirium in the ICU: Are They Related? Front Neurol 2020; 11:549908. [PMID: 33071941 PMCID: PMC7530631 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.549908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Delirium is a syndrome characterized by acute brain failure resulting in neurocognitive disturbances affecting attention, awareness, and cognition. It is highly prevalent among critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. A core domain of delirium is represented by behavioral disturbances in sleep-wake cycle probably related to circadian rhythm disruption. The relationship between sleep, circadian rhythm and intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired delirium is complex and likely bidirectional. In this review, we explore the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disruption and circadian dysrhythmia as possible contributing factors in transitioning to delirium in the ICU and highlight some of the most relevant caveats for understanding the relationship between these complex phenomena. Specifically, we will (1) review the physiological consequences of poor sleep quality and efficiency; (2) explore how the neural substrate underlying the circadian clock functions may be disrupted in delirium; (3) discuss the role of sedative drugs as contributors to delirium and chrono-disruption; and, (4) describe the association between abnormal sleep-pathological wakefulness, circadian dysrhythmia, delirium and critical illness. Opportunities to improve sleep and readjust circadian rhythmicity to realign the circadian clock may exist as therapeutic targets in both the prevention and treatment of delirium in the ICU. Further research is required to better define these conditions and understand the underlying physiologic relationship to develop effective prevention and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietou Daou
- Interdepartment Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Respirology), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Irene Telias
- Interdepartment Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Respirology), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Critical Care Medicine), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Laurent Brochard
- Interdepartment Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Critical Care Medicine), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Elizabeth Wilcox
- Interdepartment Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Respirology), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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