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Chen P, Cao XW, Dong JW, Zhao J, Wang FJ. Saponin and Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Synergistically Trigger Lysosome-Dependent Apoptosis by Inhibiting Lysophagy: Potential to Become a New Antitumor Strategy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2993-3005. [PMID: 38722865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The susceptibility of lysosomal membranes in tumor cells to cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) enables CADs to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and trigger lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), suggesting a potential antitumor therapeutic approach. However, the existence of intrinsic lysosomal damage response mechanisms limits the display of the pharmacological activity of CADs. In this study, we report that low concentrations of QS-21, a saponin with cationic amphiphilicity extracted from Quillaja Saponaria tree, can induce LMP but has nontoxicity to tumor cells. QS-21 and MAP30, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein, synergistically induce apoptosis in tumor cells at low concentrations of both. Mechanistically, QS-21-induced LMP helps MAP30 escape from endosomes or lysosomes and subsequently enter the endoplasmic reticulum, where MAP30 downregulates the expression of autophagy-associated LC3 proteins, thereby inhibiting lysophagy. The inhibition of lysophagy results in the impaired clearance of damaged lysosomes, leading to the leakage of massive lysosomal contents such as cathepsins into the cytoplasm, ultimately triggering LDCD. In summary, our study showed that coadministration of QS-21 and MAP30 amplified the lysosomal disruption and can be a new synergistic LDCD-based antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Dong
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Cerda‐Troncoso C, Grünenwald F, Arias‐Muñoz E, Cavieres VA, Caceres‐Verschae A, Hernández S, Gaete‐Ramírez B, Álvarez‐Astudillo F, Acuña RA, Ostrowski M, Burgos PV, Varas‐Godoy M. Chemo-small extracellular vesicles released in cisplatin-resistance ovarian cancer cells are regulated by the lysosomal function. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e157. [PMID: 38947172 PMCID: PMC11212338 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a common problem in ovarian cancer (OvCa) treatment, where resistant cells, in response to chemotherapy, secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), known as chemo-sEVs, that transfer resistance to recipient cells. sEVs are formed as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within multivesicular endosomes (MVEs), whose trafficking is regulated by Ras-associated binding (RAB) GTPases that mediate sEVs secretion or lysosomal degradation. A decrease in lysosomal function can promote sEVs secretion, but the relationship between MVEs trafficking pathways and sEVs secretion in OvCa chemoresistance is unclear. Here, we show that A2780cis cisplatin (CCDP) resistant OvCa cells had an increased number of MVEs and ILVs structures, higher levels of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRTs) machinery components, and RAB27A compared to A2780 CDDP-sensitive OvCa cells. CDDP promoted the secretion of chemo-sEVs in A2780cis cells, enriched in DNA damage response proteins. A2780cis cells exhibited poor lysosomal function with reduced levels of RAB7, essential in MVEs-Lysosomal trafficking. The silencing of RAB27A in A2780cis cells prevents the Chemo-EVs secretion, reduces its chemoresistance and restores lysosomal function and levels of RAB7, switching them into an A2780-like cellular phenotype. Enhancing lysosomal function with rapamycin reduced chemo-sEVs secretion. Our results suggest that adjusting the balance between secretory MVEs and lysosomal MVEs trafficking could be a promising strategy for overcoming CDDP chemoresistance in OvCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Cerda‐Troncoso
- Organelle Phagy Lab, CEBICEMFacultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
- Centro Ciencia & VidaFundación Ciencia & VidaSantiagoChile
| | - Felipe Grünenwald
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Eloísa Arias‐Muñoz
- Organelle Phagy Lab, CEBICEMFacultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Organelle Phagy Lab, CEBICEMFacultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Albano Caceres‐Verschae
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Organelle Phagy Lab, CEBICEMFacultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | - Belén Gaete‐Ramírez
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
| | | | - Rodrigo A. Acuña
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de MedicinaClínica Alemana Universidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - Matias Ostrowski
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Organelle Phagy Lab, CEBICEMFacultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
- Centro Ciencia & VidaFundación Ciencia & VidaSantiagoChile
| | - Manuel Varas‐Godoy
- Cancer Cell Biology Lab, CEBICEM, Facultad de Medicina y CienciaUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
- Centro Ciencia & VidaFundación Ciencia & VidaSantiagoChile
- Advanced Center for Chronic DiseasesSantiagoChile
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Schneider J, Mitschke J, Bhat M, Vogele D, Schilling O, Reinheckel T, Heß L. Cathepsin D inhibition during neuronal differentiation selectively affects individual proteins instead of overall protein turnover. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00071-3. [PMID: 38552867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CTSD) is a lysosomal aspartic protease and its inherited deficiency causes a severe pediatric neurodegenerative disease called neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) type 10. The lysosomal dysfunction in the affected patients leads to accumulation of undigested lysosomal cargo especially in none-dividing cells, such as neurons, resulting in death shortly after birth. To explore which proteins are mainly affected by the lysosomal dysfunction due to CTSD deficiency, Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells, capable of inducible dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, were treated with Pepstatin A. This inhibitor of "acidic" aspartic proteases caused accumulation of acidic intracellular vesicles in differentiating LUHMES cells. Pulse-chase experiments involving stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with subsequent mass-spectrometric protein identification and quantification were performed. By this approach, we studied the degradation and synthesis rates of 695 and 680 proteins during early and late neuronal LUHMES differentiation, respectively. Interestingly, lysosomal bulk proteolysis was not altered upon Pepstatin A treatment. Instead, the protease inhibitor selectively changed the turnover of individual proteins. Especially proteins belonging to the mitochondrial energy supply system were differentially degraded during early and late neuronal differentiation indicating a high energy demand as well as stress level in LUHMES cells treated with Pepstatin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Mitschke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahima Bhat
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Vogele
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lisa Heß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Libberecht K, Dirkx N, Vangansewinkel T, Vandendries W, Lambrichts I, Wolfs E. The Influence of Lysosomal Stress on Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Schwann Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:405. [PMID: 38672423 PMCID: PMC11048368 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the endo-lysosomal-autophagy pathway has been identified as a critical factor in the pathology of various demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases, including peripheral neuropathies. This pathway plays a crucial role in transporting newly synthesized myelin proteins to the plasma membrane in myelinating Schwann cells, making these cells susceptible to lysosome-related dysfunctions. Nevertheless, the specific impact of lysosomal dysfunction in Schwann cells and its contribution to neurodegeneration remain poorly understood. METHODS We aim to mimic lysosomal dysfunction in Schwann cells using chloroquine, a lysosomal dysfunction inducer, and to monitor lysosomal leakiness, Schwann cell viability, and apoptosis over time. Additionally, due to the ethical and experimental issues associated with cell isolation and the culturing of human Schwann cells, we use human dental pulp stem cell-derived Schwann cells (DPSC-SCs) as a model in our study. RESULTS Chloroquine incubation boosts lysosomal presence as demonstrated by an increased Lysotracker signal. Further in-depth lysosomal analysis demonstrated an increased lysosomal size and permeability as illustrated by a TEM analysis and GAL3-LAMP1 staining. Moreover, an Alamar blue assay and Caspase-3 staining demonstrates a reduced viability and increased apoptosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that prolonged lysosomal dysfunction leads to lysosomal permeability, reduced viability, and eventually apoptosis in human DPSC-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Libberecht
- Laboratory for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (K.L.); (N.D.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Dirkx
- Laboratory for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (K.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Laboratory for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (K.L.); (N.D.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Histology and Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Wendy Vandendries
- Laboratory for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (K.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Laboratory for Histology and Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Laboratory for Functional Imaging & Research on Stem Cells, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (K.L.); (N.D.)
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5
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Xu D, Li Y, Yin S, Huang F. Strategies to address key challenges of metallacycle/metallacage-based supramolecular coordination complexes in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3167-3204. [PMID: 38385584 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their capacity for dynamically linking two or more functional molecules, supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), exemplified by two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles and three-dimensional (3D) metallacages, have gained increasing significance in biomedical applications. However, their inherent hydrophobicity and self-assembly driven by heavy metal ions present common challenges in their applications. These challenges can be overcome by enhancing the aqueous solubility and in vivo circulation stability of SCCs, alongside minimizing their side effects during treatment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing the fundamental research of SCCs and their subsequent clinical translation. In this review, drawing on extensive contemporary research, we offer a thorough and systematic analysis of the strategies employed by SCCs to surmount these prevalent yet pivotal obstacles. Additionally, we explore further potential challenges and prospects for the broader application of SCCs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Shouchun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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6
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Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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Terzani F, Belhattab S, Le Guern A, Guitot K, Monasson O, Zanato C, Chelain E, Leroy-Dudal J, Pytkowicz J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of selective Pepstatin based trifluoromethylated inhibitors of Cathepsin D. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116178. [PMID: 38295686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CD) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and constitutes an important biological target. Pepstatin A, a pentapeptide incorporating two non-proteinogenic statin residues, is among the most potent inhibitor of CD but lacks selectivity and suffers from poor bioavailability. Eight analogues of Pepstatin A, were synthesized, replacing residues in P3 or P1 position by non-canonical (S)- and (R)-α-Trifluoromethyl Alanine (TfmAla), (S)- and (R)-Trifluoromethionine (TFM) or non-natural d-Valine. The biological activities of those analogues were quantified on isolated CD and Pepsin by fluorescence-based assay (FRET) and cytotoxicity of the best fluorinated inhibitors was evaluated on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. (R)-TFM based analog of Pepstatin A (compound 6) returned a sub-nanomolar IC50 against CD and an increased selectivity. Molecular Docking experiments could partially rationalize these results. Stabilized inhibitor 6 in the catalytic pocket of CD showed strong hydrophobic interactions of the long and flexible TFM side chain with lipophilic residues of S1 and S3 sub-pockets of the catalytic pocket. The newly synthesized inhibitors returned no cytotoxicity at IC50 concentrations on SKOV3 cancer cells, however the compounds derived from (S)-TfmAla and (R)-TFM led to modifications of cells morphologies, associated with altered organization of F-actin and extracellular Fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Terzani
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Sherazade Belhattab
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Aurore Le Guern
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Karine Guitot
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Olivier Monasson
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Chiara Zanato
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Evelyne Chelain
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Johanne Leroy-Dudal
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France.
| | - Julien Pytkowicz
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
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8
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Shen X, Peng Y, Yang Z, Li R, Zhou H, Ye X, Han Z, Shi X. A monofunctional Pt(II) complex combats triple negative breast cancer by triggering lysosome-dependent cell death. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3808-3817. [PMID: 38305380 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Monofunctional Pt(II) complexes with potent efficacy to overcome the drawbacks of current platinum drugs represent a promising therapeutic approach for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). A heterocyclic-ligated monofunctional Pt(II) complex PtL with a unique action of mode was designed and investigated. PtL induced DNA single-strand breaks and caused genomic instability in TNBC cells. Mechanism studies demonstrated that PtL disrupted lysosomal acidity and function, which in turn triggered lysosome-dependent cell death. Furthermore, PtL showed convincing suppression in the tube forming and cell migratory abilities against the metastatic potential of TNBC cells. The synthesis and investigation of PtL revealed its potential value as an anti-TNBC drug and extended the family of monofunctional Pt(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Zidong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Renhao Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Haixia Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and oncology Diseases of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325088, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong Han
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangchao Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
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9
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Dehghan S, Kheshtchin N, Hassannezhad S, Soleimani M. Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113860. [PMID: 38013091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells tend to disintegrate themselves or are forced to undergo such destructive processes in critical circumstances. This complex cellular function necessitates various mechanisms and molecular pathways in order to be executed. The very nature of cell death is essentially important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, thus any type of disturbing occurrence might lead to different sorts of diseases and dysfunctions. Cell death has various modalities and yet, every now and then, a new type of this elegant procedure gets to be discovered. The diversity of cell death compels the need for a universal organizing system in order to facilitate further studies, therapeutic strategies and the invention of new methods of research. Considering all that, we attempted to review most of the known cell death mechanisms and sort them all into one arranging system that operates under a simple but subtle decision-making (If \ Else) order as a sorting algorithm, in which it decides to place and sort an input data (a type of cell death) into its proper set, then a subset and finally a group of cell death. By proposing this algorithm, the authors hope it may solve the problems regarding newer and/or undiscovered types of cell death and facilitate research and therapeutic applications of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Dehghan
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Abdelaziz RF, Hussein AM, Kotob MH, Weiss C, Chelminski K, Studenik CR, Aufy M. The Significance of Cathepsin B in Mediating Radiation Resistance in Colon Carcinoma Cell Line (Caco-2). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16146. [PMID: 38003335 PMCID: PMC10671642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins (Caths) are lysosomal proteases that participate in various physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence suggests that caths play a multifaceted role in cancer progression and radiotherapy resistance responses. Their proteolytic activity influences the tumor's response to radiation by affecting oxygenation, nutrient availability, and immune cell infiltration within the tumor microenvironment. Cathepsin-mediated DNA repair mechanisms can promote radioresistance in cancer cells, limiting the efficacy of radiotherapy. Additionally, caths have been associated with the activation of prosurvival signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and NF-κB, which can confer resistance to radiation-induced cell death. However, the effectiveness of radiotherapy can be limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. In this study, the regulation and expression of cathepsin B (cath B) in the colon carcinoma cell line (caco-2) before and after exposure to radiation were investigated. Cells were exposed to escalating ionizing radiation doses (2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, and 10 Gy). Analysis of protein expression, in vitro labeling using activity-based probes DCG04, and cath B pull-down revealed a radiation-induced up-regulation of cathepsin B in a dose-independent manner. Proteolytic inhibition of cathepsin B by cathepsin B specific inhibitor CA074 has increased the cytotoxic effect and cell death due to ionizing irradiation treatment in caco-2 cells. Similar results were also obtained after cathepsin B knockout by CRISPR CAS9. Furthermore, upon exposure to radiation treatment, the inhibition of cath B led to a significant upregulation in the expression of the proapoptotic protein BAX, while it induced a significant reduction in the expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2. These results showed that cathepsin B could contribute to ionizing radiation resistance, and the abolishment of cathepsin B, either by inhibition of its proteolytic activity or expression, has increased the caco-2 cells susceptibility to ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan F. Abdelaziz
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Str. 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed H. Kotob
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Christina Weiss
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Chelminski
- Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Str. 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christian R. Studenik
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (R.F.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.H.K.); (C.W.); (M.A.)
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11
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Rodriguez-Rios M, McHugh BJ, Liang Z, Megia-Fernandez A, Lilienkampf A, Dockrell D, Bradley M. A fluorogenic, peptide-based probe for the detection of Cathepsin D in macrophages. Commun Chem 2023; 6:237. [PMID: 37919467 PMCID: PMC10622513 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D is a protease that is an effector in the immune response of macrophages, yet to date, only a limited number of probes have been developed for its detection. Herein, we report a water soluble, highly sensitive, pH insensitive fluorescent probe for the detection of Cathepsin D activity that provides a strong OFF/ON signal upon activation and with bright emission at 515 nm. The probe was synthesised using a combination of solid and solution-phase chemistries, with probe optimisation to increase its water solubility and activation kinetics by addition of a long PEG chain (5 kDa) at the C-terminus. A BODIPY fluorophore allowed detection of Cathepsin D across a wide pH range, important as the protease is active both at the low pH found in lysosomes and also in higher pH phagolysosomes, and in the cytosol. The probe was successfully used to detect Cathepsin D activity in macrophages challenged by exposure to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez-Rios
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian J McHugh
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Zhengqi Liang
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alicia Megia-Fernandez
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuente Nueva S/N, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Dockrell
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, 67-75 New Road, London, E1 1HH, UK.
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12
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Luo T, Fan Y, Mao J, Jiang X, Albano L, Yuan E, Germanas T, Lin W. Metal-Organic Layer Delivers 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Porphyrin for Dual-Organelle-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301910. [PMID: 36997341 PMCID: PMC10325034 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on the subcellular localization of photosensitizers. Herein, we report a dual-organelle-targeted nanoparticle platform for enhanced PDT of cancer. By grafting 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to a Hf12 -based nanoscale metal-organic layer (Hf-MOL) via carboxylate coordination, ALA/Hf-MOL enhanced ALA delivery and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) synthesis in mitochondria, and trapped the Hf-MOL comprising 5,15-di-p-benzoatoporphyrin (DBP) photosensitizers in lysosomes. Light irradiation at 630 nm simultaneously excited PpIX and DBP to generate singlet oxygen and rapidly damage both mitochondria and lysosomes, leading to synergistic enhancement of the PDT efficacy. The dual-organelle-targeted ALA/Hf-MOL outperformed Hf-MOL in preclinical PDT studies, with a 2.7-fold lower half maximal inhibitory concentration in cytotoxicity assays in vitro and a 3-fold higher cure rate in a colon cancer model in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taokun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yingjie Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jianming Mao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Luciana Albano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tomas Germanas
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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13
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Cathepsins Trigger Cell Death and Regulate Radioresistance in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244108. [PMID: 36552871 PMCID: PMC9777369 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains very challenging, and it is particularly important to find sensitive and specific molecular targets. In this work, we reveal the relationship between the expression of cathepsins and radioresistance in GBM. We analyzed cathepsins (cathepsin B, cathepsin D, cathepsin L, and cathepsin Z/X), which are highly associated with the radioresistance of GBM by regulating different types of cell death. Cathepsins could be potential targets for GBM treatment.
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14
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Jo MH, Kim YT, Park SJ. Dieckol Inhibits Autophagic Flux and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in A375 Human Melanoma Cells via Lysosomal Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Membrane Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214149. [PMID: 36430634 PMCID: PMC9696613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieckol is a natural brown algal-derived polyphenol and its cytotoxic potential against various types of cancer cells has been studied. However, the effects of dieckol on autophagy in cancer cells remain unknown. Here, we show that dieckol inhibits the growth of A375 human melanoma cells by inducing apoptotic cell death, which is associated with lysosomal dysfunction and the inhibition of autophagic flux. Dieckol induces autophagosome accumulation by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Moreover, dieckol not only triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization, followed by an increase in lysosomal pH and the inactivation of cathepsin B and D, but also causes the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, a cathepsin D inhibitor partially relieved dieckol-induced mitochondrial membrane impairment and caspase-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that dieckol is a novel autophagy inhibitor that induces apoptosis-mediated cell death via lysosomal dysfunction and mitochondrial membrane impairment in A375 human melanoma cells. This suggests the novel potential value of dieckol as a chemotherapeutic drug candidate for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.K.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sun Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.K.); (S.J.P.)
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15
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Kim KR, Cho EJ, Eom JW, Oh SS, Nakamura T, Oh CK, Lipton SA, Kim YH. S-Nitrosylation of cathepsin B affects autophagic flux and accumulation of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disorders. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2137-2150. [PMID: 35462559 PMCID: PMC9613756 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation is known to regulate enzymatic function. Here, we report that nitric oxide (NO)-related species can contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) by S-nitrosylating the lysosomal protease cathepsin B (forming SNO-CTSB), thereby inhibiting CTSB activity. This posttranslational modification inhibited autophagic flux, increased autolysosomal vesicles, and led to accumulation of protein aggregates. CA-074Me, a CTSB chemical inhibitor, also inhibited autophagic flux and resulted in accumulation of protein aggregates similar to the effect of SNO-CTSB. Inhibition of CTSB activity also induced caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis in mouse cerebrocortical cultures. To examine which cysteine residue(s) in CTSB are S-nitrosylated, we mutated candidate cysteines and found that three cysteines were susceptible to S-nitrosylation. Finally, we observed an increase in SNO-CTSB in both 5XFAD transgenic mouse and flash-frozen postmortem human AD brains. These results suggest that S-nitrosylation of CTSB inhibits enzymatic activity, blocks autophagic flux, and thus contributes to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Ryeong Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Eom
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Seok Oh
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chang-Ki Oh
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Yang-Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Lauko A, Volovetz J, Turaga SM, Bayik D, Silver DJ, Mitchell K, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Watson DC, Desai K, Midha M, Hao J, McCortney K, Steffens A, Naik U, Ahluwalia MS, Bao S, Horbinski C, Yu JS, Lathia JD. SerpinB3 drives cancer stem cell survival in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111348. [PMID: 36103817 PMCID: PMC9513382 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive recurrence. The precise mechanisms underlying CSC resistance, namely inhibition of cell death, are unclear. We built on previous observations that the high cell surface expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A drives CSC maintenance and identified downstream signaling networks, including the cysteine protease inhibitor SerpinB3. Using genetic depletion approaches, we found that SerpinB3 is necessary for CSC maintenance, survival, and tumor growth, as well as CSC pathway activation. Knockdown of SerpinB3 also increased apoptosis and susceptibility to radiation therapy. SerpinB3 was essential to buffer cathepsin L-mediated cell death, which was enhanced with radiation. Finally, we found that SerpinB3 knockdown increased the efficacy of radiation in pre-clinical models. Taken together, our findings identify a GBM CSC-specific survival mechanism involving a cysteine protease inhibitor, SerpinB3, and provide a potential target to improve the efficacy of GBM therapies against therapeutically resistant CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Josephine Volovetz
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Soumya M Turaga
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Defne Bayik
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kiran Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Manav Midha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alicia Steffens
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ulhas Naik
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Shideng Bao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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17
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The Key Role of Lysosomal Protease Cathepsins in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169089. [PMID: 36012353 PMCID: PMC9409221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins encompass a family of lysosomal proteases that mediate protein degradation and turnover. Although mainly localized in the endolysosomal compartment, cathepsins are also found in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and extracellular space, where they are involved in cell signaling, extracellular matrix assembly/disassembly, and protein processing and trafficking through the plasma and nuclear membrane and between intracellular organelles. Ubiquitously expressed in the body, cathepsins play regulatory roles in a wide range of physiological processes including coagulation, hormone secretion, immune responses, and others. A dysregulation of cathepsin expression and/or activity has been associated with many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, kidney dysfunctions, and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as infectious diseases. In viral infections, cathepsins may promote (1) activation of the viral attachment glycoproteins and entry of the virus into target cells; (2) antigen processing and presentation, enabling the virus to replicate in infected cells; (3) up-regulation and processing of heparanase that facilitates the release of viral progeny and the spread of infection; and (4) activation of cell death that may either favor viral clearance or assist viral propagation. In this review, we report the most relevant findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying cathepsin involvement in viral infection physiopathology, and we discuss the potential of cathepsin inhibitors for therapeutical applications in viral infectious diseases.
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18
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Berg AL, Rowson-Hodel A, Wheeler MR, Hu M, Free SR, Carraway KL. Engaging the Lysosome and Lysosome-Dependent Cell Death in Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-lysosome] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Leinardi R, Longo Sanchez-Calero C, Huaux F. Think Beyond Particle Cytotoxicity: When Self-Cellular Components Released After Immunogenic Cell Death Explain Chronic Disease Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:887228. [PMID: 35846433 PMCID: PMC9284505 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.887228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged perturbation of the immune system following the release of a plethora of self-molecules (known as damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs) by stressed or dying cells triggers acute and chronic pathological responses. DAMPs are commonly released after plasma membrane damage or complete rupture due to immunogenic cell death (ICD), upon numerous stressors including infectious and toxic agents. The set of DAMPs released after ICD include mature proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins, but also polymeric macromolecules. These self-intracellular components are recognized by injured and healthy surrounding cells via innate receptors, and induce upregulation of stress-response mechanisms, including inflammation. In this review, by overstepping the simple toxicological evaluation, we apply ICD and DAMP concepts to silica cytotoxicity, providing new insights on the mechanisms driving the progress and/or the exacerbation of certain SiO2–related pathologies. Finally, by proposing self-DNA as new crucial DAMP, we aim to pave the way for the development of innovative and easy-to-perform predictive tests to better identify the hazard of fine and ultrafine silica particles. Importantly, such mechanisms could be extended to nano/micro plastics and diesel particles, providing strategic advice and reports on their health issues.
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21
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Tanaka T, Warner BM, Michael DG, Nakamura H, Odani T, Yin H, Atsumi T, Noguchi M, Chiorini JA. LAMP3 inhibits autophagy and contributes to cell death by lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Autophagy 2022; 18:1629-1647. [PMID: 34802379 PMCID: PMC9298453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1995150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS A253-control: A253 control for LAMP3 stable overexpression; A253- LAMP3: A253 LAPM3 stable overexpression; CASP1: caspase 1; CASP3: caspase 3; CHX: cycloheximide; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CQ: chloroquine; DCs: dendritic cells; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LGALS3: galectin 3; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HSG-control: HSG control for LAMP3 stable overexpression; HSG-LAMP3: HSG LAMP3 stable overexpression; HSP: heat shock protein; HTLV-1: human T-lymphocyte leukemia virus-1; IXA: ixazomib; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; mAb: monoclonal antibody; OE: overexpression; pepA: pepstatin A; pAb: polyclonal antibody; pSS: primary Sjögren syndrome; qRT-PCR: quantitative real- time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: Sjögren syndrome; UPR: unfolded protein response; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type proton- translocating ATPase; Y-VAD: Ac-YVAD-cmk; Z-DEVD; Z-DEVD-fmk; Z-VAD: Z-VAD- fmk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanaka
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drew G. Michael
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshio Odani
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongen Yin
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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The Achilles' heel of cancer: targeting tumors via lysosome-induced immunogenic cell death. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:509. [PMID: 35637197 PMCID: PMC9151667 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the lysosome's potential role in anticancer therapies has recently been appreciated in the field of immuno-oncology. Targeting lysosomes triggers apoptotic pathways, inhibits cytoprotective autophagy, and activates a unique form of apoptosis known as immunogenic cell death (ICD). This mechanism stimulates a local and systemic immune response against dead-cell antigens. Stressors that can lead to ICD include an abundance of ROS which induce lysosome membrane permeability (LMP). Dying cells express markers that activate immune cells. Dendritic cells engulf the dying cell and then present the cell's neoantigens to T cells. The discovery of ICD-inducing agents is important due to their potential to trigger autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms of activating lysosome-induced cell death in cancer cells specifically and the strategies that current laboratories are using to selectively promote LMP in tumors.
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23
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Overexpression of V-ATPase B2 attenuates lung injury/fibrosis by stabilizing lysosomal membrane permeabilization and increasing collagen degradation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:662-672. [PMID: 35624153 PMCID: PMC9166714 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress causes lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), which leads to cell death. Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is the enzyme responsible for pumping H+ into the cytosol and thus maintaining intracellular pH. Previously, we reported that V-ATPase B2 subunit expression is upregulated in the TiO2-exposed lung epithelium. We investigated the role of the lysosomal V-ATPase B2 subunit in oxidative stress-induced alveolar epithelial cell death and in an experimental lung injury/fibrosis model. Overexpression of V-ATPase B2 increased lysosomal pH and lysosomal activities in the cells. In the presence of H2O2, overexpression of V-ATPase B2 increased survival, and silencing of V-ATPase B2 dramatically increased cell death. Overexpression of V-ATPase B2 diminished H2O2-triggered LMP, as evidenced by a reduction in acridine orange staining and leakage of cathepsin D from the lysosome to the cytoplasm. In addition, V-ATPase B2-overexpressing macrophages exhibited significantly enhanced uptake and degradation of collagen. V-ATPase B2-overexpressing transgenic mice showed significant inhibition of the bleomycin-induced increases in lung inflammation and fibrosis. We conclude that V-ATPase B2 is critical for maintaining lysosomal activities against excessive oxidative stress by stabilizing LMP. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role of this V-ATPase subunit in a lung injury and fibrosis model. An enzyme involved in maintaining the correct pH inside the lysosome, an organelle involved in disposal of cellular waste, also plays a critical role in preventing lung injury. Using human lung cells and mouse models of lung fibrosis, a team led by Sung Woo Park from Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, South Korea, showed that a overexpression of subunit of the vacuolar ATPase enzyme B2, which pumps protons into cellular compartments to create more acidic environments, helps to boost lysosomal activities that lead to prevent oxidative stress-induced cell death and alleviate experimental lung injury/fibrosis. In addition, V-ATPase B2 overexpressed macrophages increased collagen uptake and degradation activities. The findings point to the vacuolar ATPase, and its B2 subunit in particular, as a promising drug target for future treatments of pulmonary fibrosis.
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24
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Duarte C, Yamada C, Garcia C, Akkaoui J, Ho A, Nichols F, Movila A. Crosstalk between dihydroceramides produced by
Porphyromonas gingivalis
and host lysosomal cathepsin B in the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2841-2851. [PMID: 35429112 PMCID: PMC9097840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Christopher Garcia
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Juliet Akkaoui
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Anny Ho
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Frank Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
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25
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Irazoki A, Martinez‐Vicente M, Aparicio P, Aris C, Alibakhshi E, Rubio‐Valera M, Castellanos J, Lores L, Palacín M, Gumà A, Zorzano A, Sebastián D. Coordination of mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis mitigates inflammation and muscle atrophy during aging. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13583. [PMID: 35263007 PMCID: PMC9009131 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is one of the main factors contributing to the disability of aged people. Among the possible molecular determinants of sarcopenia, increasing evidences suggest that chronic inflammation contributes to its development. However, a key unresolved question is the nature of the factors that drive inflammation during aging and that participate in the development of sarcopenia. In this regard, mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in mitophagy induce inflammatory responses in a wide range of cells and tissues. However, whether accumulation of damaged mitochondria (MIT) in muscle could trigger inflammation in the context of aging is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) plays a key role in the control of mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis, and mitigates muscle inflammation and atrophy during aging. We show that muscle BNIP3 expression increases during aging in mice and in some humans. BNIP3 deficiency alters mitochondrial function, decreases mitophagic flux and, surprisingly, induces lysosomal dysfunction, leading to an upregulation of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9)‐dependent inflammation and activation of the NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‐, leucine‐rich repeat (LRR)‐, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3) inflammasome in muscle cells and mouse muscle. Importantly, downregulation of muscle BNIP3 in aged mice exacerbates inflammation and muscle atrophy, and high BNIP3 expression in aged human subjects associates with a low inflammatory profile, suggesting a protective role for BNIP3 against age‐induced muscle inflammation in mice and humans. Taken together, our data allow us to propose a new adaptive mechanism involving the mitophagy protein BNIP3, which links mitochondrial and lysosomal homeostasis with inflammation and is key to maintaining muscle health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Irazoki
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Martinez‐Vicente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group Vall d’Hebron Research Institute‐Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Barcelona Spain
| | - Pilar Aparicio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Cecilia Aris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Esmaeil Alibakhshi
- Pneumology Department Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department Clinical Research Development Unite Baqyiatallah Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Baqyiatallah University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
- Quantitative MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging Advanced Medical Technologies and Equipment Institute Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Maria Rubio‐Valera
- Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- The Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Castellanos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Luis Lores
- Pneumology Department Hospital General Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular Facultat de Biologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona Spain
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26
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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27
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Hernandez ML, Marone M, Gorse KM, Lafrenaye AD. Cathepsin B Relocalization in Late Membrane Disrupted Neurons Following Diffuse Brain Injury in Rats. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221099112. [PMID: 35503242 PMCID: PMC9069603 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221099112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has consequences that last for years following injury. While TBI can precipitate a variety of diffuse pathologies, the mechanisms involved in injury-induced neuronal membrane disruption remain elusive. The lysosomal cysteine protease, Cathepsin B (Cath B), and specifically its redistribution into the cytosol has been implicated in cell death. Little is known about Cath B or neuronal membrane disruption chronically following diffuse TBI. Therefore, the current study evaluated Cath B and diffuse neuronal membrane disruption over a more chronic post-injury window (6 h-4 w). We evaluated Cath B in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats following central fluid percussion injury (CFPI). Expression of Cath B, as well as Cath B-associated pro (Bak and AIF) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-xl) proteins, were assessed using western blot analysis. Cath B activity was also assessed. Localization of Cath B was evaluated in the membrane disrupted and non-disrupted population following CFPI using immunohistochemistry paired with quantitative image analysis and ultrastructural verification. There was no difference in expression or activity of Cath B or any of the associated proteins between sham and CFPI at any time post-injury. Immunohistological studies, however, showed a sub-cellular re-localization of Cath B at 2 w and 4 w post-injury in the membrane disrupted neuronal population as compared to the time-point matched non-disrupted neurons. Both membrane disruption and Cath B relocalization appear linked to neuronal atrophy. These observations are indicative of a late secondary pathology that represents an opportunity for therapeutic treatment of these neurons following diffuse TBI. Summary Statement Lysosomal cathepsin B relocalizes to the cytosol in neurons with disrupted plasmalemmal membranes weeks following diffuse brain injury. Both the membrane disrupted and cathepsin B relocalized neuronal subpopulations displayed smaller soma and nucleus size compared to non-pathological neurons, indicating atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina L. Hernandez
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Marone
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Karen M. Gorse
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Audrey D. Lafrenaye
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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28
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Brun S, Bestion E, Raymond E, Bassissi F, Jilkova ZM, Mezouar S, Rachid M, Novello M, Tracz J, Hamaï A, Lalmanach G, Vanderlynden L, Legouffe R, Stauber J, Schubert T, Plach MG, Courcambeck J, Drouot C, Jacquemot G, Serdjebi C, Roth G, Baudoin JP, Ansaldi C, Decaens T, Halfon P. GNS561, a clinical-stage PPT1 inhibitor, is efficient against hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of lysosomal functions. Autophagy 2021; 18:678-694. [PMID: 34740311 PMCID: PMC9037544 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1988357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary liver cancer. Macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitors have been extensively studied in cancer but, to date, none has reached efficacy in clinical trials. In this study, we demonstrated that GNS561, a new autophagy inhibitor, whose anticancer activity was previously linked to lysosomal cell death, displayed high liver tropism and potent antitumor activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines and in two hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo models. We showed that due to its lysosomotropic properties, GNS561 could reach and specifically inhibited its enzyme target, PPT1 (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1), resulting in lysosomal unbound Zn2+ accumulation, impairment of cathepsin activity, blockage of autophagic flux, altered location of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), lysosomal membrane permeabilization, caspase activation and cell death. Accordingly, GNS561, for which a global phase 1b clinical trial in liver cancers was just successfully achieved, represents a promising new drug candidate and a hopeful therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Abbreviations: ANXA5:annexin A5; ATCC: American type culture collection; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CASP3: caspase 3; CASP7: caspase 7; CASP8: caspase 8; CCND1: cyclin D1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSL: cathepsin L; CQ: chloroquine; iCCA: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; DMEM: Dulbelcco’s modified Eagle medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HDSF: hexadecylsulfonylfluoride; IC50: mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LC3-II: phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of MAP1LC3; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MALDI: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MKI67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NH4Cl: ammonium chloride; NtBuHA: N-tert-butylhydroxylamine; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PPT1: palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error mean; vs, versus; Zn2+: zinc ion; Z-Phe: Z-Phe-Tyt(tBu)-diazomethylketone; Z-VAD-FMK: carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Raymond
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France.,Medical Oncology, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Inserm, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lise Vanderlynden
- Inserm, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gael Roth
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
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29
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Li Y, Hu P, Wang X, Hou X, Liu F, Jiang X. Integrin α vβ 3-targeted polydopamine-coated gold nanostars for photothermal ablation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab046. [PMID: 34457350 PMCID: PMC8387661 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising cancer therapeutic method. In this study, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-conjugated polydopamine-coated gold nanostars (Au@PDA-RGD NPs) were prepared for targeting PTT of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A polydopamine (PDA) shell was coated on the surface of gold nanostars by the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine (termed as Au@PDA NPs). Au@PDA NPs were further functionalized with polyethylene glycol and RGD peptide to improve biocompatibility as well as selectivity toward the HCC cells. Au@PDA-RGD NPs showed an intense absorption at 822 nm, which makes them suitable for near-infrared-excited PTT. Our results indicated that the Au@PDA-RGD NPs were effective for the PTT therapy of the αVβ3 integrin receptor-overexpressed HepG2 cells in vitro. Further antitumor mechanism studies showed that the Au@PDA-RGD NPs-based PTT induced human liver cancer cells death via the mitochondrial–lysosomal and autophagy pathways. In vivo experiments showed that Au@PDA-RGD NPs had excellent tumor treatment efficiency and negligible side effects. Thus, our study showed that Au@PDA-RGD NPs could offer an excellent nanoplatform for PTT of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiali Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng 252000, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan 250012, China
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30
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Nadeem A, Aung KM, Ray T, Alam A, Persson K, Pal A, Uhlin BE, Wai SN. Suppression of β-catenin signaling in colon carcinoma cells by a bacterial protein. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:442-459. [PMID: 33720402 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is mutated in hereditary colorectal tumors and in more than 80% of sporadic colorectal tumors. APC mutations impair β-catenin degradation, leading to its permanent stabilization and increased transcription of cancer-driving target genes. In colon cancer, impairment of β-catenin degradation leads to its cytoplasmic accumulation, nuclear translocation, and subsequent activation of tumor cell proliferation. Suppressing β-catenin signaling in cancer cells therefore appears to be a promising strategy for new anticancer strategies. Recently, we discovered a novel Vibrio cholerae cytotoxin, motility-associated killing factor A (MakA), that affects both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. It promotes bacterial survival and proliferation in invertebrate predators but has unknown biological role(s) in mammalian hosts. Here, we report that MakA can cause lethality of tumor cells via induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, MakA exhibited potent cytotoxic activity, in particular against several tested cancer cell lines, while appearing less toxic toward nontransformed cells. MakA bound to the tumor cell surface became internalized into the endolysosomal compartment and induced leakage of endolysosomal membranes, causing cytosolic release of cathepsins and activation of proapoptotic proteins. In addition, MakA altered β-catenin integrity in colon cancer cells, partly through a caspase- and proteasome-dependent mechanism. Importantly, MakA inhibited β-catenin-mediated tumor cell proliferation. Remarkably, intratumor injection of MakA significantly reduced tumor development in a colon cancer murine solid tumor model. These data identify MakA as a novel candidate to be considered in new strategies for development of therapeutic agents against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Nadeem
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kyaw Min Aung
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tanusree Ray
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Athar Alam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karina Persson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Bernt Eric Uhlin
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sun Nyunt Wai
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine, Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Park SH, Shin I, Kim GH, Ko SK, Shin I. An Autophagy-Disrupting Small Molecule Promotes Cancer Cell Death via Caspase Activation. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3425-3430. [PMID: 34263972 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel autophagy inhibitor, autophazole (Atz), which promoted cancer cell death via caspase activation, is described. This compound was identified from cell-based high-content screening of an imidazole library. The results showed that Atz was internalized into lysosomes of cells where it induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). This process generated nonfunctional autolysosomes, thereby inhibiting autophagy. In addition, Atz was found to promote LMP-mediated apoptosis. Specifically, LMP induced by Atz caused release of cathepsins from lysosomes into the cytosol. Cathepsins in the cytosol cleaved Bid to generate tBid, which subsequently activated Bax to induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). This event led to cancer cell death via caspase activation. Overall, the findings suggest that Atz will serve as a new chemical probe in efforts aimed at gaining a better understanding of the autophagic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Insu Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, South Korea
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, South Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Krishna S, Spaulding HR, Quindry TS, Hudson MB, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Indices of Defective Autophagy in Whole Muscle and Lysosome Enriched Fractions From Aged D2-mdx Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691245. [PMID: 34305644 PMCID: PMC8299564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal, progressive muscle disease caused by the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Previous studies in mdx mice, a common DMD model, identified impaired autophagy with lysosomal insufficiency and impaired autophagosomal degradation as consequences of dystrophin deficiency. Thus, we hypothesized that lysosomal abundance would be decreased and degradation of autophagosomes would be impaired in muscles of D2-mdx mice. To test this hypothesis, diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles from 11 month-old D2-mdx and DBA/2J (healthy) mice were collected. Whole muscle protein from diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles, and protein from a cytosolic fraction (CF) and a lysosome-enriched fraction (LEF) from gastrocnemius muscles, were isolated and used for western blotting. Initiation of autophagy was not robustly activated in whole muscle protein from diaphragm and gastrocnemius, however, autophagosome formation markers were elevated in dystrophic muscles. Autophagosome degradation was impaired in D2-mdx diaphragms but appeared to be maintained in gastrocnemius muscles. To better understand this muscle-specific distinction, we investigated autophagic signaling in CFs and LEFs from gastrocnemius muscles. Within the LEF we discovered that the degradation of autophagosomes was similar between groups. Further, our data suggest an expanded, though impaired, lysosomal pool in dystrophic muscle. Notably, these data indicate a degree of muscle specificity as well as model specificity with regard to autophagic dysfunction in dystrophic muscles. Stimulation of autophagy in dystrophic muscles may hold promise for DMD patients as a potential therapeutic, however, it will be critical to choose the appropriate model and muscles that most closely recapitulate findings from human patients to further develop these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy Krishna
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Hannah R. Spaulding
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tiffany S. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Matthew B. Hudson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - John C. Quindry
- School of Integrative Physiology and Athletic Training, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Joshua T. Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Lai X, Tang J, ElSayed MEH. Recent advances in proteolytic stability for peptide, protein, and antibody drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1467-1482. [PMID: 34187273 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1942837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: To discover and develop a peptide, protein, or antibody into a drug requires overcoming multiple challenges to obtain desired properties. Proteolytic stability is one of the challenges and deserves a focused investigation.Areas covered: This review concentrates on improving proteolytic stability by engineering the amino acids around the cleavage sites of a liable peptide, protein, or antibody. Peptidases are discussed on three levels including all peptidases in databases, mixtures based on organ and tissue types, and individual peptidases. The technique to identify cleavage sites is spotlighted on mass spectrometry-based approaches such as MALDI-TOF and LC-MS. For sequence engineering, the replacements that have been commonly applied with a higher chance of success are highlighted at the beginning, while the rarely used and more complicated replacements are discussed later. Although a one-size-fits-all approach does not exist to apply to different projects, this review provides a 3-step strategy for effectively and efficiently conducting the proteolytic stability experiments to achieve the eventual goal of improving the stability by engineering the molecule itself.Expert opinion: Improving the proteolytic stability is a spiraling up process sequenced by testing and engineering. There are many ways to engineer amino acids, but the choice must consider the cost and properties affected by the changes of the amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason Tang
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed E H ElSayed
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Cathepsin D-Managing the Delicate Balance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060837. [PMID: 34198733 PMCID: PMC8229105 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal proteases play a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Human cathepsin D manages protein turnover degrading misfolded and aggregated proteins and favors apoptosis in the case of proteostasis disruption. However, when cathepsin D regulation is affected, it can contribute to numerous disorders. The down-regulation of human cathepsin D is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. On the other hand, its excessive levels outside lysosomes and the cell membrane lead to tumor growth, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting cathepsin D could provide significant diagnostic benefits and new avenues of therapy. Herein, we provide a brief overview of cathepsin D structure, regulation, function, and its role in the progression of many diseases and the therapeutic potentialities of natural and synthetic inhibitors and activators of this protease.
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Santagostino SF, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Adedeji AO, Radaelli E. Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Current Perspectives. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:596-623. [PMID: 34039100 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing cell survival and cell death is fundamental to development and homeostasis. Cell death is regulated by multiple interconnected signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Regulated cell death (RCD) is implicated in fundamental processes such as organogenesis and tissue remodeling, removal of unnecessary structures or cells, and regulation of cell numbers. RCD can also be triggered by exogenous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment when the adaptive processes that respond to stress fail. During the past few years, many novel forms of non-apoptotic RCD have been identified, and the characterization of RCD mechanisms at a molecular level has deepened our understanding of diseases encountered in human and veterinary medicine. Given the complexity of these processes, it has become clear that the identification of RCD cannot be based simply on morphologic characteristics and that descriptive and diagnostic terms presently used by pathologists-such as individual cell apoptosis or necrosis-appear inadequate and possibly misleading. In this review, the current understanding of the molecular machinery of each type of non-apoptotic RCD mechanisms is outlined. Due to the continuous discovery of new mechanisms or nuances of previously described processes, the limitations of the terms apoptosis and necrosis to indicate microscopic findings are also reported. In addition, the need for a standard panel of biomarkers and functional tests to adequately characterize the underlying RCD and its role as a mechanism of disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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37
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Santoni G, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Maggi F, Arcella A, Marinelli O, Eleuteri AM, Santoni M, Morelli MB. Knock-Down of Mucolipin 1 Channel Promotes Tumor Progression and Invasion in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2021; 11:578928. [PMID: 33954107 PMCID: PMC8092188 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.578928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among cancers that affect the central nervous system, glioblastoma is the most common. Given the negative prognostic significance of transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel reduction in patients with glioblastoma, as discussed in previous publications, the aim of the current study was to investigate the biological advantage of TRPML1 loss for glioma cells. Human glioblastoma primary cancer cells (FSL and FCL) and glioblastoma cell lines (T98 and U251) were used for that purpose. TRPML1 silencing in T98 cells induces defective autophagy, nitric oxide (NO) production, and cathepsin B-dependent apoptosis in the first 48 h and then apoptotic-resistant cells proliferate with a high growth rate with respect to control cells. In U251 cells, knock-down of TRPML1 stimulates NO generation and protein oxidation, arrests cell cycle at G2/M phase, and induces autophagy leading to cathepsin B-dependent senescence. Finally, in both cell lines, the long-term effects of TRPML1 silencing promote survival and invasion capacity with respect to control cells. Silencing of TRPML1 also affects the phenotype of glioblastoma primary cells. FSL cells show increased proliferation ability, while FCL cells enter into senescence associated with an increased invasion ability. In conclusion, although the molecular heterogeneity among different glioblastoma cell lines mirrors the intercellular heterogeneity in cancer cells, our data support TRPML1 downregulation as a negative prognostic factor in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Federica Maggi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuropathology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
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Park SH, Park S, Shin I. Synthesis of an Hsp70 inhibitor and its assessment of lysosomal membrane permeabilization. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100349. [PMID: 33665629 PMCID: PMC7903460 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 inhibitors have great potential as chemical probes and anticancer agents. Thus, it is important to elucidate their modes of action on cancer cell death. This protocol describes a step-by-step process for the synthesis of apoptozole as an inhibitor of Hsp70, analysis of internalization of apoptozole into lysosomes, and assessment of lysosomal membrane permeabilization induced by apoptozole. The current protocol can be used for detailed mechanistic studies of Hsp70 inhibitors and further substances targeting lysosomal proteins on cancer cell death. For complete information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Park et al. (2018). Synthesis of apoptozole as an Hsp70 inhibitor Internalization study of an Hsp70 inhibitor into lysosomes Assessment of lysosomal membrane permeabilization induced by an Hsp70 inhibitor
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookil Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Chung Y, Kim Y, Yun N, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy is linked to BAX oligomerization and subsequent cytochrome c release in 6-hydroxydopmaine-treated neuronal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 548:20-26. [PMID: 33631669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are essential physiological pathways that are required to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, it is suggested that dysregulation in both pathways is linked to several disease states. Moreover, the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis plays an important role in pathophysiological processes associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. We have previously reported that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces dysregulated autophagy, and that a dysregulated autophagic flux contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Based on our previous findings, we specifically aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the potential role of dysregulated autophagy in apoptotic neurodegeneration. The disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) cross-linking assay and immunological analyses indicated that exposure of several types of cells to 6-OHDA resulted in BAX activation and subsequent oligomerization. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic perturbation of autophagy prevented 6-OHDA-induced BAX oligomerization and subsequent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytosol and caspase activation. These events were independent of expression levels of XIAP. Taken together, our results suggest that BAX oligomerization comprises a critical step by which 6-OHDA-induced dysregulated autophagy mediates neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Nuri Yun
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Macrophage apoptosis using alendronate in targeted nanoarchaeosomes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:42-54. [PMID: 33440242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoarchaeosomes are non-hydrolysable nanovesicles made of archaeolipids, naturally functionalised with ligand for scavenger receptor class 1. We hypothesized that nitrogenate bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN) loaded nanoarchaeosomes (nanoarchaeosomes(ALN)) may constitute more efficient macrophage targeted apoptotic inducers than ALN loaded nanoliposomes (nanoliposomes (ALN)). To that aim, ALN was loaded in cholesterol containing (nanoARC-chol(ALN)) or not (nanoARC(ALN)) nanoarchaeosomes. Nanoarchaeosomes(ALN) (220-320 nm sized, ~ -40 mV ξ potential, 38-50 μg ALN/mg lipid ratio) displayed higher structural stability than nanoliposomes(ALN) of matching size and ξ potential, retaining most of ALN against a 1/200 folds dilution. The cytotoxicity of nanoARC(ALN) on J774A.1 cells, resulted > 30 folds higher than free ALN and nanoliposomes(ALN) and was reduced by cholesterol in nanoARC-chol(ALN). Devoid of ALN, nanoARC-chol was non-cytotoxic, exhibited pronounced anti-inflammatory activity on J774.1 cells, strongly reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-6 induced by LPS. Nanoarchaeosomes bilayer extensively interacted with serum proteins but resulted refractory to phospholipases. Upon J774A.1 cells uptake, nanoarchaeosomes induced cytoplasmic acid vesicles, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential by 20-40 % without consuming ATP neither damaging lysosomes and increasing pERK. Refractory to chemoenzymatic attacks, either void or drug loaded, nanoarchaeosomes induced either anti-inflammation or macrophages apoptosis, constituting promising targeted nanovesicles for multiple therapeutic purposes.
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The role of lysosome in regulated necrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1880-1903. [PMID: 33163342 PMCID: PMC7606114 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosome is a ubiquitous acidic organelle fundamental for the turnover of unwanted cellular molecules, particles, and organelles. Currently, the pivotal role of lysosome in regulating cell death is drawing great attention. Over the past decades, we largely focused on how lysosome influences apoptosis and autophagic cell death. However, extensive studies showed that lysosome is also prerequisite for the execution of regulated necrosis (RN). Different types of RN have been uncovered, among which, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis are under the most intensive investigation. It becomes a hot topic nowadays to target RN as a therapeutic intervention, since it is important in many patho/physiological settings and contributing to numerous diseases. It is promising to target lysosome to control the occurrence of RN thus altering the outcomes of diseases. Therefore, we aim to give an introduction about the common factors influencing lysosomal stability and then summarize the current knowledge on the role of lysosome in the execution of RN, especially in that of necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis.
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42
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Burgener SS, Leborgne NGF, Snipas SJ, Salvesen GS, Bird PI, Benarafa C. Cathepsin G Inhibition by Serpinb1 and Serpinb6 Prevents Programmed Necrosis in Neutrophils and Monocytes and Reduces GSDMD-Driven Inflammation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3646-3656.e5. [PMID: 31216481 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granule serine proteases contribute to immune responses through cleavage of microbial toxins and structural proteins. They induce tissue damage and modulate inflammation if levels exceed their inhibitors. Here, we show that the intracellular protease inhibitors Serpinb1a and Serpinb6a contribute to monocyte and neutrophil survival in steady-state and inflammatory settings by inhibiting cathepsin G (CatG). Importantly, we found that CatG efficiently cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD) to generate the signature N-terminal domain GSDMD-p30 known to induce pyroptosis. Yet GSDMD deletion did not rescue neutrophil survival in Sb1a.Sb6a-/- mice. Furthermore, Sb1a.Sb6a-/- mice released high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon endotoxin challenge in vivo in a CatG-dependent manner. Canonical inflammasome activation in Sb1a.Sb6a-/- macrophages showed increased IL-1β release that was dependent on CatG and GSDMD. Together, our findings demonstrate that cytosolic serpins expressed in myeloid cells prevent cell death and regulate inflammatory responses by inhibiting CatG and alternative activation of GSDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Georges François Leborgne
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Scott J Snipas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phillip Ian Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Noguchi M, Hirata N, Tanaka T, Suizu F, Nakajima H, Chiorini JA. Autophagy as a modulator of cell death machinery. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:517. [PMID: 32641772 PMCID: PMC7343815 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The balance between cell death and survival is a critical parameter in the regulation of cells and the maintenance of homeostasis in vivo. Three major mechanisms for cell death have been identified in mammalian cells: apoptosis (type I), autophagic cell death (type II), and necrosis (type III). These three mechanisms have been suggested to engage in cross talk with each other. Among them, autophagy was originally characterized as a cell survival mechanism for amino acid recycling during starvation. Whether autophagy functions primarily in cell survival or cell death is a critical question yet to be answered. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the cell death-related events that take place during autophagy and their underlying mechanisms in cancer and autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Noguchi
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hirata
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Futoshi Suizu
- grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - John A. Chiorini
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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de Gregorio E, Colell A, Morales A, Marí M. Relevance of SIRT1-NF-κB Axis as Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate Inflammation in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3858. [PMID: 32485811 PMCID: PMC7312021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response in pursuit of homeostasis reestablishment triggered by harmful conditions or stimuli, such as an infection or tissue damage. Liver diseases cause approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide and hepatic inflammation is a common factor to all of them, being the main driver of hepatic tissue damage and causing progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The metabolic sensor SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase with strong expression in metabolic tissues such as the liver, and transcription factor NF-κB, a master regulator of inflammatory response, show an antagonistic relationship in controlling inflammation. For this reason, SIRT1 targeting is emerging as a potential strategy to improve different metabolic and/or inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we explore diverse upstream regulators and some natural/synthetic activators of SIRT1 as possible therapeutic treatment for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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Abstract
Being originally discovered as cellular recycling bins, lysosomes are today recognized as versatile signaling organelles that control a wide range of cellular functions that are essential not only for the well-being of normal cells but also for malignant transformation and cancer progression. In addition to their core functions in waste disposal and recycling of macromolecules and energy, lysosomes serve as an indispensable support system for malignant phenotype by promoting cell growth, cytoprotective autophagy, drug resistance, pH homeostasis, invasion, metastasis, and genomic integrity. On the other hand, malignant transformation reduces the stability of lysosomal membranes rendering cancer cells sensitive to lysosome-dependent cell death. Notably, many clinically approved cationic amphiphilic drugs widely used for the treatment of other diseases accumulate in lysosomes, interfere with their cancer-promoting and cancer-supporting functions and destabilize their membranes thereby opening intriguing possibilities for cancer therapy. Here, we review the emerging evidence that supports the supplementation of current cancer therapies with lysosome-targeting cationic amphiphilic drugs.
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HIV Infection Induces Extracellular Cathepsin B Uptake and Damage to Neurons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8006. [PMID: 31142756 PMCID: PMC6541605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders prevail in 20-50 percent of infected individuals. Macrophages transmigrate through the blood brain barrier during HIV-1 infection, triggering neuronal dysfunction. HIV-infected macrophages secrete cathepsin B (CATB), and serum amyloid p component (SAPC), inducing neuronal apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesized that HIV infection facilitates CATB/SAPC secretion from macrophages followed by neuronal internalization, promoting dysfunction. SK-N-SH neuronal cells were exposed to active recombinant histidine-tagged cathepsin B (His-CATB). His-CATB entry was tracked by intracellular flow cytometry, and neuronal dysfunction was verified by western blot. Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were tested for the presence of CATB and SAPC. Neurons internalized His-CATB, an effect that was partially decreased by pre-treatment with anti-CATB antibody. Pre-treatment with CATB and SAPC antibodies decreased cleavage of caspase-3 and restored synaptophysin in neurons. Neurons exposed to macrophage-conditioned media differentially internalized His-CATB, dependent on the HIV replication levels. Finally, CATB and SAPC were secreted in EVs. We report for the first time that CATB is secreted from macrophages both free and in EVs, and is internalized by neurons. Moreover, HIV-replication levels modulate the amount of CATB neuronal uptake, and neuronal dysfunction can be decreased with CATB antibodies. In conclusion, the CATB/SAPC complex represents a novel target against HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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Wang F, Salvati A, Boya P. Lysosome-dependent cell death and deregulated autophagy induced by amine-modified polystyrene nanoparticles. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.170271. [PMID: 29643148 PMCID: PMC5936715 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) typically accumulate in lysosomes. However, their impact on lysosomal function, as well as autophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway, is still not well known. We have previously reported in the 1321N1 cell line that amine-modified polystyrene (NH2-PS) NPs induce apoptosis through damage initiated in the lysosomes leading ultimately to release of lysosomal content in the cytosol, followed by apoptosis. Here, by using a combination of biochemical and cell biological approaches, we have characterized in a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line that the lysosomal alterations induced by NH2-PS NPs is progressive, initiating from mild lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), to expansion of lysosomal volume and intensive LMP before the summit of cell death. Though the cells initially seem to induce autophagy as a surviving mechanism, the damage of NH2-PS NPs to lysosomes probably results in lysosomal dysfunctions, leading to blockage of autophagic flux at the level of lysosomes and the eventual cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Wang
- Center for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and cell signaling, France/Laboratory of excellence Medalis, Illkirch, France
| | - Anna Salvati
- Center for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Boya
- Autophagy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Polydopamine-coated Au-Ag nanoparticle-guided photothermal colorectal cancer therapy through multiple cell death pathways. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:414-424. [PMID: 30366131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are emerging as a new therapeutic modality due to their high stability, precise targeting, and high biocompatibility. Branched Au-Ag nanoparticles with polydopamine coating (Au-Ag@PDA) have strong near-infrared absorbance and no cytotoxicity but high photothermal conversion efficiency. However, the photothermal activity of Au-Ag@PDA in vivo and in vitro has not been reported yet, and the mechanism underlying the effects of photothermal nanomaterials is not clear. Therefore, in this study, the colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 and nude mice xenografts were used to observe the photothermal effects of Au-Ag@PDA in vivo and in vitro. The results suggest that Au-Ag@PDA NPs significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, Au-Ag@PDA NP-mediated photothermal therapy inhibited the growth of tumors at doses of 50 and 100 μg in vivo. The mechanisms through which Au-Ag@PDA NPs induced colorectal cancer cell death involved multiple pathways, including caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, lysosomal membrane permeability, and autophagy. Thus, our findings suggest that Au-Ag@PDA NPs could be used as potential antitumor agents for photothermal ablation of colorectal cancer cells.
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Brady OA, Jeong E, Martina JA, Pirooznia M, Tunc I, Puertollano R. The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB amplify p53 dependent transcriptional programs in response to DNA damage. eLife 2018; 7:40856. [PMID: 30520728 PMCID: PMC6292694 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB cooperate to regulate autophagy induction and lysosome biogenesis in response to starvation. Here we demonstrate that DNA damage activates TFE3 and TFEB in a p53 and mTORC1 dependent manner. RNA-Seq analysis of TFEB/TFE3 double-knockout cells exposed to etoposide reveals a profound dysregulation of the DNA damage response, including upstream regulators and downstream p53 targets. TFE3 and TFEB contribute to sustain p53-dependent response by stabilizing p53 protein levels. In TFEB/TFE3 DKOs, p53 half-life is significantly decreased due to elevated Mdm2 levels. Transcriptional profiles of genes involved in lysosome membrane permeabilization and cell death pathways are dysregulated in TFEB/TFE3-depleted cells. Consequently, prolonged DNA damage results in impaired LMP and apoptosis induction. Finally, expression of multiple genes implicated in cell cycle control is altered in TFEB/TFE3 DKOs, revealing a previously unrecognized role of TFEB and TFE3 in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Brady
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Eutteum Jeong
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, United States
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Park SH, Hyun JY, Shin I. A lysosomal chloride ion-selective fluorescent probe for biological applications. Chem Sci 2018; 10:56-66. [PMID: 30746073 PMCID: PMC6334773 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal pHs are maintained at low values by the cooperative action of a proton pump and a chloride channel to maintain electroneutrality. Owing to the biological significance of lysosomal chloride ions, measurements of their levels are of great importance to understand lysosome-associated biological events. However, appropriate probes to selectively detect Cl- ions within acidic lysosomes have not been developed to date. In this study, we prepared MQAE-MP, a lysosomal Cl--selective fluorescent probe, and applied it to gain information about biological processes associated with lysosomes. The fluorescence of MQAE-MP is pH-insensitive over physiological pH ranges and is quenched by Cl- with a Stern-Volmer constant of 204 M-1. Because MQAE-MP detects lysosomal Cl- selectively, it was employed to assess the effects of eleven substances on lysosomal Cl- concentrations. The results show that lysosomal Cl- concentrations decrease in cells treated with substances that inhibit proteins responsible for lysosomal membrane stabilization, induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and transport lysosomal Cl- to the cytosol. In addition, we investigated the effect of lysosomal chloride ions on the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes to generate autolysosomes during autophagy inhibition promoted by substances. It was found that changes in lysosomal Cl- concentrations did not affect the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes but an increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration blocked the fusion process. We demonstrate from the current study that MQAE-MP has great potential as a lysosomal Cl--selective fluorescent probe for studies of biological events associated with lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Park
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Ji Young Hyun
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Injae Shin
- Center for Biofunctional Molecules , Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea .
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