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Olarewaju O, Hu Y, Tsay HC, Yuan Q, Eimterbäumer S, Xie Y, Qin R, Ott M, Sharma AD, Balakrishnan A. MicroRNA miR-20a-5p targets CYCS to inhibit apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:456. [PMID: 38937450 PMCID: PMC11211328 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a primary liver cancer, characterised by diverse etiology, late diagnoses, and poor prognosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma is mostly resistant to current treatment options, therefore, identification of more effective druggable therapeutic targets is needed. We found microRNA miR-20a-5p is upregulated during mouse liver tumor progression and in human hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In this study, we elucidated the therapeutic potential of targeting oncogenic miR-20a-5p, in vivo, in a xenograft model and in two transgenic hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models via adeno-associated virus-mediated miR-20a-Tough-Decoy treatment. In vivo knockdown of miR-20a-5p attenuates tumor burden and prolongs survival in the two independent hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models. We identified and validated cytochrome c as a novel target of miR-20a-5p. Cytochrome c plays a key role in initiation of the apoptotic cascade and in the electron transport chain. We show for the first time, that miR-20a modulation affects both these key functions of cytochrome c during HCC development. Our study thus demonstrates the promising 'two birds with one stone' approach of therapeutic in vivo targeting of an oncogenic miRNA, whereby more than one key deregulated cellular process is affected, and unequivocally leads to more effective attenuation of HCC progression and significantly longer overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaniyi Olarewaju
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- AAV Gene Therapy Research Group, Research Beyond Borders (RBB), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, 88400, Germany
| | - Yuhai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Hsin-Chieh Tsay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon Eimterbäumer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- Research Group RNA Therapeutics & Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Jia J, Ji W, Saliba AN, Csizmar CM, Ye K, Hu L, Peterson KL, Schneider PA, Meng XW, Venkatachalam A, Patnaik MM, Webster JA, Smith BD, Ghiaur G, Wu X, Zhong J, Pandey A, Flatten KS, Deng Q, Wang H, Kaufmann SH, Dai H. AMPK inhibition sensitizes acute leukemia cells to BH3 mimetic-induced cell death. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:405-416. [PMID: 38538744 PMCID: PMC11043078 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BH3 mimetics, including the BCL2/BCLXL/BCLw inhibitor navitoclax and MCL1 inhibitors S64315 and tapotoclax, have undergone clinical testing for a variety of neoplasms. Because of toxicities, including thrombocytopenia after BCLXL inhibition as well as hematopoietic, hepatic and possible cardiac toxicities after MCL1 inhibition, there is substantial interest in finding agents that can safely sensitize neoplastic cells to these BH3 mimetics. Building on the observation that BH3 mimetic monotherapy induces AMP kinase (AMPK) activation in multiple acute leukemia cell lines, we report that the AMPK inhibitors (AMPKis) dorsomorphin and BAY-3827 sensitize these cells to navitoclax or MCL1 inhibitors. Cell fractionation and phosphoproteomic analyses suggest that sensitization by dorsomorphin involves dephosphorylation of the proapoptotic BCL2 family member BAD at Ser75 and Ser99, leading BAD to translocate to mitochondria and inhibit BCLXL. Consistent with these results, BAD knockout or mutation to BAD S75E/S99E abolishes the sensitizing effects of dorsomorphin. Conversely, dorsomorphin synergizes with navitoclax or the MCL1 inhibitor S63845 to induce cell death in primary acute leukemia samples ex vivo and increases the antitumor effects of navitoclax or S63845 in several xenograft models in vivo with little or no increase in toxicity in normal tissues. These results suggest that AMPK inhibition can sensitize acute leukemia to multiple BH3 mimetics, potentially allowing administration of lower doses while inducing similar antineoplastic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Antoine N Saliba
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Clifford M Csizmar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kaiqin Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Paula A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Annapoorna Venkatachalam
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jonathan A Webster
- Adult Leukemia Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - B Douglas Smith
- Adult Leukemia Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Adult Leukemia Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Kamataka, India
| | - Karen S Flatten
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qingmei Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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3
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Kong W, Gao Y, Zhao S, Yang H. Cancer stem cells: advances in the glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04861-6. [PMID: 37882986 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a class of cells with self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential, which are present in most tumors, particularly in aggressive tumors, and perform a pivotal role in recurrence and metastasis and are expected to be one of the important targets for tumor therapy. Studies of tumor metabolism in recent years have found that the metabolic characteristics of CSCs are distinct from those of differentiated tumor cells, which are unique to CSCs and contribute to the maintenance of the stemness characteristics of CSCs. Moreover, these altered metabolic profiles can drive the transformation between CSCs and non-CSCs, implying that these metabolic alterations are important markers for CSCs to play their biological roles. The identification of metabolic changes in CSCs and their metabolic plasticity mechanisms may provide some new opportunities for tumor therapy. In this paper, we review the metabolism-related mechanisms of CSCs in order to provide a theoretical basis for their potential application in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunge Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuhua Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Air Forth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
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4
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Xu Y, Yuan F, Sun Q, Zhao L, Hong Y, Tong S, Qi Y, Ye L, Hu P, Ye Z, Zhang S, Liu B, Chen Q. The RNA-binding protein CSTF2 regulates BAD to inhibit apoptosis in glioblastoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:915-926. [PMID: 36521710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBP) regulate several aspects of co- and post-transcriptional gene expression in cancer cells. CSTF2 is involved in the expression of many cellular mRNAs and involved in the 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs to terminate transcription. However, the role of CSTF2 in human glioblastoma (GBM) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, CSTF2 was found to be upregulated in GBM, and its high expression predicted poor prognosis. Knockdown CSTF2 induced GBM cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Specific mechanism studies showed that CSTF2 unstabilized the mRNA of the BAD protein by shortening its 3' UTR. Additionally, an increase in the expression level of CSTF2 decreased the expression level of BAD. In conclusion, CSTF2 binds to the mRNA of the BAD protein to shorten its 3'UTR, which negatively affects the BAD mediated apoptosis and promotes GBM cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanen Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiao Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Powe E, Parschauer D, Istifan J, Lin S, Duan H, Gryka R, Jean-Louis D, Tiwari AK, Amos S. Luteolin enhances erlotinib’s cell proliferation inhibitory and apoptotic effects in glioblastoma cell lines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952169. [PMID: 36199696 PMCID: PMC9527275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor is frequently overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme IV (GBM). Increased expression of EGFR leads to increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and increased resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. A small molecule called erlotinib inhibits EGFR receptors by binding to their adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding sites. It is FDA approved to treat a variety of EGFR-mediated cancers. Several clinical trials have explored a combination of erlotinib with other agents to treat glioblastoma since it is believed that erlotinib would benefit patients with GBM with EGFR mutations or expression. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. We investigated the combined effects of erlotinib and luteolin on proliferation and apoptosis on glioblastoma cell lines overexpressing EGFR or glioma cells expressing truncated EGFR (ΔEGFR). In a concentration-dependent fashion, the combination of luteolin and erlotinib reduced cell proliferation (p < 0.05) and induced apoptosis by cleaving PARP and increasing caspase expression. In addition, the combination of luteolin and erlotinib reduced the phosphorylation of downstream EGFR cell signaling molecules such as Akt, NF kappa B, and STAT3 in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that combining luteolin with erlotinib offers a potential treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Powe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Parschauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Jessica Istifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Stacy Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Huanyun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Rebecca Gryka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Denise Jean-Louis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Toledo, OH, United States
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
- Center of Medical Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Samson Amos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Samson Amos,
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6
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Long Q, Feng L, Li Y, Zuo T, Chang L, Zhang Z, Xu P. Time-resolved quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals cellular responses induced by caffeine and coumarin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116115. [PMID: 35691368 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a critical way that cells respond to external signals and environmental stresses. However, the patterns of cellular response to chemicals at different times were largely unknown. Here, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics to analyze the cellular response of kinases and signaling pathways, as well as pattern change of phosphorylated substrates in HepG2 cells that were exposed to caffeine and coumarin for 10 min and 24 h. Comparing the 10 min and 24 h groups, 33 kinases were co-responded and 32 signaling pathways were co-enriched in caffeine treated samples, while 48 kinases and 34 signaling pathways were co-identified in coumarin treated samples. Instead, the percentage of co-identified phosphorylated substrates only accounted for 4.31% and 9.57% between 10 min and 24 h in caffeine and coumarin treated samples, respectively. The results showed that specific chemical exposure led to a bunch of the same kinases and signaling pathways changed in HepG2 cells, while the phosphorylated substrates were different. In addition, it was found that insulin signaling pathway was significantly enriched by both the caffeine and coumarin treatment. The pattern changes in phosphorylation of protein substrates, kinases and signaling pathways with varied chemicals and different time course shed light on the potential mechanism of cellular responses to endless chemical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lijie Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Research Unit of Proteomics & Research and Development of New Drug of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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7
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Nawrocka PM, Galka-Marciniak P, Urbanek-Trzeciak MO, M-Thirusenthilarasan I, Szostak N, Philips A, Susok L, Sand M, Kozlowski P. Profile of Basal Cell Carcinoma Mutations and Copy Number Alterations - Focus on Gene-Associated Noncoding Variants. Front Oncol 2021; 11:752579. [PMID: 34900699 PMCID: PMC8656283 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.752579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common cancer in humans, characterized by the highest mutation rate among cancers, and is mostly driven by mutations in genes involved in the hedgehog pathway. To date, almost all BCC genetic studies have focused exclusively on protein-coding sequences; therefore, the impact of noncoding variants on the BCC genome is unrecognized. In this study, with the use of whole-exome sequencing of 27 tumor/normal pairs of BCC samples, we performed an analysis of somatic mutations in both protein-coding sequences and gene-associated noncoding regions, including 5'UTRs, 3'UTRs, and exon-adjacent intron sequences. Separately, in each region, we performed hotspot identification, mutation enrichment analysis, and cancer driver identification with OncodriveFML. Additionally, we performed a whole-genome copy number alteration analysis with GISTIC2. Of the >80,000 identified mutations, ~50% were localized in noncoding regions. The results of the analysis generally corroborated the previous findings regarding genes mutated in coding sequences, including PTCH1, TP53, and MYCN, but more importantly showed that mutations were also clustered in specific noncoding regions, including hotspots. Some of the genes specifically mutated in noncoding regions were identified as highly potent cancer drivers, of which BAD had a mutation hotspot in the 3'UTR, DHODH had a mutation hotspot in the Kozak sequence in the 5'UTR, and CHCHD2 frequently showed mutations in the 5'UTR. All of these genes are functionally implicated in cancer-related processes (e.g., apoptosis, mitochondrial metabolism, and de novo pyrimidine synthesis) or the pathogenesis of UV radiation-induced cancers. We also found that the identified BAD and CHCHD2 mutations frequently occur in melanoma but not in other cancers via The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis. Finally, we identified a frequent deletion of chr9q, encompassing PTCH1, and unreported frequent copy number gain of chr9p, encompassing the genes encoding the immune checkpoint ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. In conclusion, this study is the first systematic analysis of coding and noncoding mutations in BCC and provides a strong basis for further analyses of the variants in BCC and cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Maria Nawrocka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Galka-Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Natalia Szostak
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Philips
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Susok
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Sand
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Catholic Clinics of the Ruhr Peninsula, Essen, Germany Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Matias M, Pinho JO, Penetra MJ, Campos G, Reis CP, Gaspar MM. The Challenging Melanoma Landscape: From Early Drug Discovery to Clinical Approval. Cells 2021; 10:3088. [PMID: 34831311 PMCID: PMC8621991 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is recognized as the most dangerous type of skin cancer, with high mortality and resistance to currently used treatments. To overcome the limitations of the available therapeutic options, the discovery and development of new, more effective, and safer therapies is required. In this review, the different research steps involved in the process of antimelanoma drug evaluation and selection are explored, including information regarding in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments, as well as clinical trial phases. Details are given about the most used cell lines and assays to perform both two- and three-dimensional in vitro screening of drug candidates towards melanoma. For in vivo studies, murine models are, undoubtedly, the most widely used for assessing the therapeutic potential of new compounds and to study the underlying mechanisms of action. Here, the main melanoma murine models are described as well as other animal species. A section is dedicated to ongoing clinical studies, demonstrating the wide interest and successful efforts devoted to melanoma therapy, in particular at advanced stages of the disease, and a final section includes some considerations regarding approval for marketing by regulatory agencies. Overall, considerable commitment is being directed to the continuous development of optimized experimental models, important for the understanding of melanoma biology and for the evaluation and validation of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Matias
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta O Pinho
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Penetra
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Campos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Luo Y, Wu Y, Huang H, Yi N, Chen Y. Emerging role of BAD and DAD1 as potential targets and biomarkers in cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:811. [PMID: 34671425 PMCID: PMC8503815 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As key regulators of apoptosis, BAD and defender against apoptotic cell death 1 (DAD1) are associated with cancer initiation and progression. Multiple studies have demonstrated that BAD and DAD1 serve critical roles in several types of cancer and perform various functions, such as participating in cellular apoptosis, invasion and chemosensitivity, as well as their role in diagnostic/prognostic judgement, etc. Investigating the detailed mechanisms of the cancerous effects of the two proteins will contribute to enriching the options for targeted therapy, and may improve clinical treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes research advances regarding the associations of BAD and DAD1 with cancer, and a hypothesis on the feasible relationship and interaction mechanism between the two proteins is proposed. Furthermore, the present review highlights the potential of the two proteins as therapeutic targets and valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulou Luo
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- Nursing College, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Na Yi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, P.R. China
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10
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Lu Z, Tang M, Zhang M, Li Y, Shi F, Zhan F, Zhao L, Li J, Lin L, Qin Z. Expression and functional analysis of the BCL2-Associated agonist of cell death (BAD) gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) during bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104160. [PMID: 34087289 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The BCL2-associated agonist of cell death protein is a key participant in apoptosis dependent on mitochondria and in disease progression that involves the regulation of cell death, such as tumorigenesis, diabetes, sepsis shock, and epilepsy. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the immune responses to teleost BAD bacterial infection and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis remains unclear. In order to elucidate the mechanisms involved, in this study, a Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) BAD gene named GcBAD1 was firstly cloned and characterized. The results indicated that the ORF (open reading frame) of GcBAD1 was 438 bp in length, encoding a 145-amino acid putative protein of 16.66 kDa. This deduced amino acid sequence has a better identity than another teleost species according to a phylogenetic analysis, and contains a Bcl2-BAD-1 domain. In healthy grass carp fish, the mRNA transcripts of GcBAD1 were widely present in the studied tissues, which could be ranked as follows; spleen > brain > middle-kidney > head-kidney > liver > gills > intestines > heart and muscle. In addition, during infection by Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus, the mRNA transcription and protein levels expression of GcBAD1 in the head-kidney, spleen, and liver tissues of the fish were significantly up-regulated. Moreover, when the C. idellus kidney cell line (CIK) cells were incubated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the GcBAD1 expression transcripts were also significantly up-regulated. Additionally, overexpression of GcBAD1 in CIK cells was able to activate apoptosis-related genes, including those encoding p53, Cytochrome C (CytoC), caspase-3, and caspase-9. Besides, in the TUNEL assays, when pEGFP-BAD1 was over-expressed, the number of red signals associated with apoptosis were significantly increased in the CIK cells infected with LPS or LTA at 12 h. This study demonstrates that GcBAD1 has a significant role in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of grass carp's innate immunity. Our findings provide new insight into the potential mechanisms of teleost antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Meizhen Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Menglan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Fanbin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering, Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai, University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510222, China.
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11
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Li CX, Lin ZX, Zhao XH, Zuo WF, Wang N, Zhang ZY, Chen XS. Differential effects of phenolic extracts from red-fleshed apple peels and flesh induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4209-4222. [PMID: 34392532 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Red-fleshedapples are preferredbecause of their high content of phenolics and antioxidants in peel and pulp. Herein, we evaluated the mechanisms of apple peel polyphenolic extracts (APP) and apple flesh polyphenolic extracts (AFP) from the new red-fleshed apple in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The antiproliferative activities were determined by the CCK8 assay. The expression of proteins was determined using Western blot. We found that the content of polyphenols and flavonoids in APP was significantly higher than that in AFP, and 14 main phenolic compounds in APP and AFP were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS techniques. Besides, the significant inhibition effects of APP and AFP were achieved through Akt pathway by inducing apoptosis (significantly upregulating reactive oxygen species [ROS] levels, and downregulating expression of pAkt, pBad, Bcl-2, promoting Cytochrome c release, activating Cle-Caspase 9, and inducing expressions of Cle-Caspase 3 and Cle-PARP), and inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (increased expressions of p-p53 and p21 and decreased expressions of PCNA and Cyclin D1). And the inhibition effect of APP was stronger than that of AFP. These results suggest that AFP and APP may be excellent sources of natural chemicals for treating triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The effects of antiproliferation of phenolic extracts from red-fleshed apple peels and flesh on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated. The data may clarify the functional parts of red-fleshed apple and provide some basis for scientific researchers and consumers to recognize and exploit red-fleshed apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xia Li
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Xian Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Hua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Enology, Taishan University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Fang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zong Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Sen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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12
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Li T, Lin C, Zhu Y, Xu H, Yin Y, Wang C, Tang X, Song T, Guo A, Chen Y, Hu C. Transcriptome Profiling of m 6A mRNA Modification in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Treated with Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126254. [PMID: 34200743 PMCID: PMC8230414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows that is mostly caused by E. coli, and it brings massive losses to the dairy industry. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), a methylation at the N6 position of RNA adenine, is a type of modification strongly associated with many diseases. However, the role of m6A in mastitis has not been investigated. In this study, we used MeRIP-seq to sequence the RNA of bovine mammary epithelial cells treated with inactivated E. coli for 24 h. In this in vitro infection model, there were 16,691 m6A peaks within 7066 mRNA transcripts in the Con group and 10,029 peaks within 4891 transcripts in the E. coli group. Compared with the Con group, 474 mRNAs were hypermethylated and 2101 mRNAs were hypomethylated in the E. coli group. Biological function analyses revealed differential m6A-modified genes mainly enriched in the MAPK, NF-κB, and TGF-β signaling pathways. In order to explore the relationship between m6A and mRNA expression, combined MeRIP-seq and mRNA-seq analyses revealed 212 genes with concomitant changes in the mRNA expression and m6A modification. This study is the first to present a map of RNA m6A modification in mastitis treated with E. coli, providing a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Changjie Lin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yiya Yin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
| | - Chaohao Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Aizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (A.G.); (Y.C.)
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (Y.Y.); (C.W.); (X.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-153-2719-7602
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13
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Mohapatra S, Das G, Gupta V, Mondal P, Nitani M, Ie Y, Chatterjee S, Aso Y, Ghosh S. Power of an Organic Electron Acceptor in Modulation of Intracellular Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species: Inducing JNK- and Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7815-7828. [PMID: 33778293 PMCID: PMC7992140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate an interesting strategy of modulating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the organic electron acceptor molecule carbonyl-bridged bithiazole attached with bis-trifluoroacetophenone (BBT). This molecule was found to affect complex I activity. It has the propensity to bind close to the flavin mononucleotide site of complex I of mitochondria where it traps electron released from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and elevates intracellular ROS, which suggests that the bridged carbonyl in BBT plays a crucial role in the acceptance of electron from NADH. We understand that the potential of the NADH/NAD+ redox couple and low-lying LUMO energy level of BBT are compatible with each other, thus favoring its entrapment of released electrons in complex I. This effect of BBT in ROS generation activates JNK and p38 stress-dependent pathways and resulted in mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic cell death with the reduction in expression of several important cyto-protecting factors (Hsp27 and NFκB), indicating its potential in inhibition of cancer cell relapse. Intriguingly, we found that BBT is not a P-glycoprotein substrate, which further reveals its excellent anticancer potential. This study enlightens us on how the power of electron acceptor ability became an emerging strategy for modulation of intracellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Mohapatra
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West
Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West
Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West
Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West
Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Masashi Nitani
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shreyam Chatterjee
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department
of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
- Organic
and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West
Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology Campus, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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14
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Wang Y, Chiou YS, Chong QY, Zhang M, Rangappa KS, Ma L, Zhu T, Kumar AP, Huang RYJ, Pandey V, Basappa, Lobie PE. Pharmacological Inhibition of BAD Ser99 Phosphorylation Enhances the Efficacy of Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer by Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cell-like Behavior. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1083-1099. [PMID: 33344891 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy has been the standard treatment for ovarian cancer patients for approximately four decades. However, the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma remains dismal, mainly attributed to both dose-limiting toxicities of cisplatin and the high rate of chemo-resistant disease recurrence. Herein, both patient-derived and experimentally generated cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell line models were used to delineate BADSer99 phosphorylation as an actionable target in ovarian cancer. BADSer99 phosphorylation was negatively associated with cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer, and the inhibition of BADSer99 phosphorylation by point mutation induced apoptosis and reduced cisplatin IC50. In addition, BAD phosphorylation was also shown to be associated with cancer stem cell-like properties. Henceforth, a novel small molecule which inhibits BAD phosphorylation specifically at Ser99 (NPB) was utilized. NPB promoted apoptosis and reduced 3D growth of bulk cancer cells and inhibited cancer stem cell-like properties in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells. The combination of cisplatin with NPB exhibited synergistic effects in vitro. NPB in combination with cisplatin also achieved an improved outcome compared to either monotreatment in vivo, including suppression of the cancer stem cell population, an effect not observed with cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, NPB exhibited strong synergistic effects with the AKT inhibitor AZD5363, and significantly reduced its IC50 in cells resistant to cisplatin treatment. These findings identify BADSer99 phosphorylation as an actionable and pharmacologically relevant target to improve outcomes of cisplatin treated ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Yi-Shiou Chiou
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Basappa
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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15
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Li J, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Shao R, Liang Q, Yu W, Wang H, Zou W, Wang D, Xiang J, Lin A. BAD inactivation exacerbates rheumatoid arthritis pathology by promoting survival of sublining macrophages. eLife 2020; 9:e56309. [PMID: 33270017 PMCID: PMC7714394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of synovial sublining macrophages to apoptosis has a crucial role in joint inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we report that inactivation of the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein BAD is essential for survival of synovial sublining macrophage in RA. Genetic disruption of Bad leads to more severe joint inflammation and cartilage and bone damage with reduced apoptosis of synovial sublining macrophages in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and TNFα transgenic (TNF-Tg) mouse models. Conversely, Bad3SA/3SA mice, in which BAD can no longer be inactivated by phosphorylation, are protected from collagen-induced arthritis. Mechanistically, phosphorylation-mediated inactivation of BAD specifically protects synovial sublining macrophages from apoptosis in highly inflammatory environment of arthritic joints in CIA and TNF-Tg mice, and in patients with RA, thereby contributing to RA pathology. Our findings put forward a model in which inactivation of BAD confers the apoptosis resistance on synovial sublining macrophages, thereby contributing to the development of arthritis, suggesting that BAD may be a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Rui Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weida Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongyan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Weiguo Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Demin Wang
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Jialing Xiang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUnited States
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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16
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Sastry KS, Ibrahim WN, Chouchane AI. Multiple signaling pathways converge on proapoptotic protein BAD to promote survival of melanocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:14602-14614. [PMID: 32941657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001260rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte survival is mediated by diverse signaling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms they use and molecules that they target are incompletely understood. Here, we show that melanocyte survival is mediated by diverse, nonredundant signaling pathways, including ERK1/2, AKT, PKA, and PKC. Each of these pathways is exerting prosurvival effects by phosphorylating the BAD. While Ser112-BAD phosphorylation is regulated by pERK, pPKA and pPKC, Ser136 and Ser155 phosphorylation are exclusively controlled by pAKT and pPKA, respectively. Inhibition of these pathways individually resulted in only modest apoptosis; however, most significant apoptosis, as a result of BAD dephosphorylation, was seen when all pathways were inhibited concurrently. BAD phosphorylation was essential for survival of melanocytes as cells expressing phosphorylation-deficient BAD were not rescued by any of the identified pathway. Furthermore, melanocytes became insensitive to kinase inhibitor-induced apoptosis when BAD expression was knocked down by BAD-shRNA. Overexpression of BAD in melanocytes stimulated faster apoptosis in response to kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our results show that BAD is acting as a convergence point for diverse survival pathways in melanocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of melanocyte survival provides fundamental new insights into physiological mechanisms involved in the development of various melanocyte pathologies such as melanoma and vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafa Naim Ibrahim
- Dermatology Research Group, Immunology Program, Precision Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Shi H, Zhao L, Guo X, Fang R, Zhang H, Dong G, Fu J, Yan F, Zhang J, Ning Z, Ma Q, Li Z, Li C, Dai J, Si C, Xiong H. Arctigenin Attenuates Breast Cancer Progression through Decreasing GM-CSF/TSLP/STAT3/β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176357. [PMID: 32887217 PMCID: PMC7503539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer is highly regulated by tumor-derived cytokines in tumor microenvironment. The development of drugs that specifically target cytokines are promising in breast cancer treatment. In this study, we reported that arctigenin, a bioactive compound from Arctium lappa L., could decrease tumor-promoting cytokines GM-CSF, MMP-3, MMP-9 and TSLP in breast cancer cells. Arctigenin not only inhibited the proliferation, but also the invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells via decreasing GM-CSF and TSLP. Mechanistically, arctigenin decreased the promoter activities of GM-CSF and TSLP via reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 which is crucial for the transcription of GM-CSF and TSLP. Furthermore, arctigenin-induced depletion of GM-CSF and TSLP inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and β-catenin signaling resulting in decreased proliferation, invasion and stemness of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which tumor-promoting cytokines regulate breast cancer progression and suggest that arctigenin is a promising candidate for cytokine-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Luping Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (L.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinlin Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (L.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Runping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jia Fu
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Fenglian Yan
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhaochen Ning
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Qun Ma
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Jun Dai
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Chuanping Si
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-(0537)-3616286 (C.S.); +86-(0537)-3616283 (H.X.)
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.); (G.D.); (J.F.); (F.Y.); (J.Z.); (Z.N.); (Q.M.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (H.X.); Tel.: +86-(0537)-3616286 (C.S.); +86-(0537)-3616283 (H.X.)
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18
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El-Ashmawy NE, Salem ML, Khedr EG, El-Zamarany EA, Ibrahim AO. Dual-targeted therapeutic strategy combining CSC-DC-based vaccine and cisplatin overcomes chemo-resistance in experimental mice model. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1155-1165. [PMID: 31748959 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggests that one of the main reasons of chemotherapy treatment failure is the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). Our aim is to identify a therapeutic strategy based on MDR-reversing agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS CSC-enriched Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) cell cultures were prepared by drug-resistant selection method using different concentrations of cisplatin (CIS). Cell cultures following drug exposure were analyzed by flow cytometry for CSC surface markers CD44+/CD24-. We isolated murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and then used them to prepare CSC-DC vaccine by pulsation with CSC-enriched lysate. DCs were examined by flow cytometry for phenotypic markers. Solid Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice were injected with the CSC-DC vaccine in conjunction with repeated low doses of CIS. Tumor growth inhibition was evaluated and tumor tissues were excised and analyzed by real-time PCR to determine the relative gene expression levels of MDR and Bcl-2. Histopathological features of tumor tissues excised were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Co-treatment with CSC-DC and CIS resulted in a significant tumor growth inhibition. Furthermore, the greatest response of downregulation of MDR and Bcl-2 relative gene expression were achieved in the same group. In parallel, the histopathological observations demonstrated enhanced apoptosis and absence of mitotic figures in tumor tissues of the co-treatment group. Dual targeting of resistant cancer cells using CSC-DC vaccine along with cisplatin represents a promising therapeutic strategy that could suppress tumor growth, circumvent MDR, and increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E El-Ashmawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M L Salem
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E G Khedr
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E A El-Zamarany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - A O Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Wang J, Li S, Lin S, Fu S, Qiu L, Ding K, Liang K, Du H. B-cell lymphoma 2 family genes show a molecular pattern of spatiotemporal heterogeneity in gynaecologic and breast cancer. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12826. [PMID: 32419250 PMCID: PMC7309952 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives BCL2 family proteins have been widely studied over the past decade due to their essential roles in apoptosis, oncogenesis and anti‐cancer therapy. However, the similarities and differences in the spatial pattern of the BCL2 gene family within the context of chromatin have not been well characterized. We sought to fill this knowledge gap by assessing correlations between gene alteration, gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and clinical outcomes in gynaecologic and breast cancer. Materials and methods In this study, the molecular characteristics of the BCL2 gene family in gynaecologic cancer were systematically analysed by integrating multi‐omics datasets, including transcriptomics, chromatin accessibility, copy number variation, methylomics and clinical outcome. Results We evaluated spatiotemporal associations between long‐range regulation peaks and tumour heterogeneity. Differential expression of the BCL2 family was coupled with widespread chromatin accessibility changes in gynaecologic cancer, accompanied by highly heterogeneous distal non‐coding accessibility surrounding the BCL2L1 gene loci. A relationship was also identified between gene expression, gene amplification, enhancer signatures, DNA methylation and overall patient survival. Prognostic analysis implied clinical correlations with BAD, BIK and BAK1. A shared protein regulatory network was established in which the co‐mutation signature of TP53 and PIK3CA was linked to the BCL2L1 gene. Conclusions Our results provide the first systematic identification of the molecular features of the BCL2 family under the spatial pattern of chromatin in gynaecologic and breast cancer. These findings broaden the therapeutic scope of the BCL2 family to the non‐coding region by including a significantly conserved distal region overlaying an enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sidi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qiu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keying Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Al Hashmi M, Sastry KS, Silcock L, Chouchane L, Mattei V, James N, Mathew R, Bedognetti D, De Giorgi V, Murtas D, Liu W, Chouchane A, Temanni R, Seliger B, Wang E, Marincola FM, Tomei S. Differential responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors of melanoma cell lines BRAF V600E-mutated. J Transl Med 2020; 18:192. [PMID: 32393282 PMCID: PMC7216681 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most mutations in melanoma affect one critical amino acid on BRAF gene, resulting in the V600E substitution. Patient management is often based on the use of specific inhibitors targeting this mutation. Methods DNA and RNA mutation status was assessed in 15 melanoma cell lines by Sanger sequencing and RNA-seq. We tested the cell lines responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib and PLX4720, BRAF-specific and sorafenib, BRAF non-specific). Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. BRAF V600E RNA expression was assessed by qPCR. Expression level of phosphorylated-ERK protein was assessed by Western Blotting as marker of BRAF activation. Results Three cell lines were discordant in the mutation detection (BRAF V600E at DNA level/Sanger sequencing and BRAF WT on RNA-seq). We initially postulated that those cell lines may express only the WT allele at the RNA level although mutated at the DNA level. A more careful analysis showed that they express low level of BRAF RNA and the expression may be in favor of the WT allele. We tested whether the discordant cell lines responded differently to BRAF-specific inhibitors. Their proliferation rate decreased after treatment with vemurafenib and PLX4720 but was not affected by sorafenib, suggesting a BRAF V600E biological behavior. Yet, responsiveness to the BRAF specific inhibitors was lower as compared to the control. Western Blot analysis revealed a decreased expression of p-ERK protein in the BRAF V600E control cell line and in the discordant cell lines upon treatment with BRAF-specific inhibitors. The discordant cell lines showed a lower responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors when compared to the BRAF V600E control cell line. The results obtained from the inhibition experiment and molecular analyses were also confirmed in three additional cell lines. Conclusion Cell lines carrying V600E mutation at the DNA level may respond differently to BRAF targeted treatment potentially due to a lower V600E RNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Al Hashmi
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Konduru S Sastry
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lee Silcock
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valentina Mattei
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nicola James
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebecca Mathew
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Davide Bedognetti
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valeria De Giorgi
- Infectious Disease and Immunogenetics Section (IDIS), Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, USA
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aouatef Chouchane
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Ena Wang
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar.,Refuge Biotechnologies, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sara Tomei
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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21
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Chan Y, Lai AC, Lin R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chang W, Wu H, Lin Y, Chang W, Wu J, Yu J, Chen Y, Yu AL. GPER-induced signaling is essential for the survival of breast cancer stem cells. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:1674-1685. [PMID: 31340060 PMCID: PMC7003894 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, mediates estrogen-induced proliferation of normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. However, its role in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains unclear. Here we showed greater expression of GPER in BCSCs than non-BCSCs of three patient-derived xenografts of ER- /PR+ breast cancers. GPER silencing reduced stemness features of BCSCs as reflected by reduced mammosphere forming capacity in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo with decreased BCSC populations. Comparative phosphoproteomics revealed greater GPER-mediated PKA/BAD signaling in BCSCs. Activation of GPER by its ligands, including tamoxifen (TMX), induced phosphorylation of PKA and BAD-Ser118 to sustain BCSC characteristics. Transfection with a dominant-negative mutant BAD (Ser118Ala) led to reduced cell survival. Taken together, GPER and its downstream signaling play a key role in maintaining the stemness of BCSCs, suggesting that GPER is a potential therapeutic target for eradicating BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Tzu Chan
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Alan C.‐Y. Lai
- Institute of Biochemical Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ruey‐Jen Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ya‐Hui Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ting Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yi Wu
- Instrumentation CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ju Lin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Ying Chang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Jen‐Chine Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Jyh‐Cherng Yu
- Department of SurgeryTri‐Service General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Alice L. Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California in San DiegoSan DiegoCA
- Genomic Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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22
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Shen YA, Pan SC, Chu I, Lai RY, Wei YH. Targeting cancer stem cells from a metabolic perspective. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:465-476. [PMID: 32102562 PMCID: PMC7082881 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220909309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of cancer development and progression is driven by distinct subsets of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that contribute the self-renewal capacity as the major impetus to the metastatic dissemination and main impediments in cancer treatment. Given that CSCs are so scarce in the tumor mass, there are debatable points on the metabolic signatures of CSCs. As opposed to differentiated tumor progenies, CSCs display exquisite patterns of metabolism that, depending on the type of cancer, predominately rely on glycolysis, oxidative metabolism of glutamine, fatty acids, or amino acids for ATP production. Metabolic heterogeneity of CSCs, which attributes to differences in type and microenvironment of tumors, confers CSCs to have the plasticity to cope with the endogenous mitochondrial stress and exogenous microenvironment. In essence, CSCs and normal stem cells are like mirror images of each other in terms of metabolism. To achieve reprogramming, CSCs not only need to upregulate their metabolic engine for self-renewal and defense mechanism, but also expedite the antioxidant defense to sustain the redox homeostasis. In the context of these pathways, this review portrays the connection between the metabolic features of CSCs and cancer stemness. Identification of the metabolic features in conferring resistance to anticancer treatment dictated by CSCs can enhance the opportunity to open up a new therapeutic dimension, which might not only improve the effectiveness of cancer therapies but also annihilate the whole tumor without recurrence. Henceforth, we highlight current findings of potential therapeutic targets for the design of alternative strategies to compromise the growth, drug resistance, and metastasis of CSCs by altering their metabolic phenotypes. Perturbing the versatile skills of CSCs by barricading metabolic signaling might bring about plentiful approaches to discover novel therapeutic targets for clinical application in cancer treatments.Impact statementThis minireview highlights the current evidence on the mechanisms of pivotal metabolic pathways that attribute to cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a special focus on developing metabolic strategies of anticancer treatment that can be exploited in preclinical and clinical settings. Specific metabolic inhibitors that can overwhelm the properties of CSCs may impede tumor recurrence and metastasis, and potentially achieve a permanent cure of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-An Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Cian Pan
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
| | - I Chu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yun Lai
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
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Xu F, Wang D, Cui J, Li J, Jiang H. Demethylation of the Cosmc Promoter Alleviates the Progression of Breast Cancer Through Downregulation of the Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1017-1027. [PMID: 32104083 PMCID: PMC7023867 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s214553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant gene methylation in breast cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Besides, abnormal Cosmc can induce the expression of Tn and STn antigens. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Cosmc promoter methylation in breast cancer through the regulation of Tn and STn antigens. Methods The expression patterns of Cosmc and the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer cell lines were determined. Cosmc was overexpressed to explore the effects of Cosmc on cell behavior, including the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and tumor growth with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Afterwards, a methyltransferase and a methyltransferase inhibitor were used to alter the methylation status of Cosmc to explore the mechanisms related to Cosmc promoter methylation. Results Cosmc was poorly expressed in breast cancer cells. Cosmc overexpression inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vitro and restraining tumor growth in vivo. Cosmc promoter methylation was found to decrease the levels of Cosmc and increased the expression of the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer. Conclusion In conclusion, the demethylation of Cosmc mitigates breast cancer progression through the repression of the Tn and STn antigens, which provides evidence for therapeutic considerations for a novel target against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, People's Republic of China
| | - JianXiu Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
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24
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Yiau SKX, Lee C, Mohd Tohit ER, Chang KM, Abdullah M. Potential CD34 signaling through phosphorylated-BAD in chemotherapy-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:276-282. [PMID: 31509041 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1660899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) constitutively express growth factors and cytokines for survival. Chemotherapy alters these signals to induce cell death. However, drug resistance in AML remains a major hindrance to successful treatment and early warning is unavailable. Modulation of signaling pathways during chemotherapy may provide a window to detect response and predict treatment outcome. Blood samples collected from AML patients before and at day-3 of induction therapy were compared for changes in expression of CD117, CD34, pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators of Akt and MAPK pathways, using multi-color flow cytometry. Nine patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant and seven sensitive to chemotherapy. Twelve were paired. Average percentages of CD34 (66.8 ± 11.7% vs. 26.2 ± 5.8%, p = 0.033) and pBAD (66.9 ± 8.2% vs. 28.9 ± 8.2%, p = 0.016) were significantly increased in chemo-resistant (N = 9) compared to chemo-sensitive (N = 5) samples. Percentages of CD34 were strongly correlated with pBAD (R = 0.785; p = 0.001; N = 14) and pFKHR (R = 0.755; p = 0.002; N = 14) at day-3 induction. Chemo-sensitive cases expressed significantly higher percentages of IL-18Rα (71.9 ± 9.6% vs. 29.8 ± 5.8%, p = 0.016). Though not significantly different in the outcome, IL-1β was strongly associated with activated Akt-S473, IL-6 with phosphorylated JNK and FKHR while TNF-α appeared to trigger Bim, in treated samples. These preliminary results suggested AML cells resistant to chemotherapy increased expression of CD34 and may signal through pBAD while cells sensitive to chemotherapy-induced IL18Rα expression. These were observed early during induction therapy. Identifying CD34 is interesting as it is a convenient marker to monitor drug-resistance in AML patients. Inhibition of CD34 and pBAD signaling may be important in treating drug-resistant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephnie Kang-Xian Yiau
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - CinDee Lee
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Kian Meng Chang
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Ampang, Jalan Mewah Utara , Ampang , Malaysia
| | - Maha Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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25
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Marzagalli M, Raimondi M, Fontana F, Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Cellular and molecular biology of cancer stem cells in melanoma: Possible therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:221-235. [PMID: 31265892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a tumor characterized by a very high level of heterogeneity, responsible for its malignant behavior and ability to escape from standard therapies. In this review we highlight the molecular and biological features of the subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), well known to be characterized by self-renewal properties, deeply involved in triggering the processes of tumor generation, metastasis, progression and drug resistance. From the molecular point of view, melanoma CSCs are identified and characterized by the expression of stemness markers, such as surface markers, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, embryonic stem cells and intracellular markers. These cells are endowed with different functional features. In particular, they play pivotal roles in the processes of tumor dissemination, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, mediated by specific intracellular signaling pathways; moreover, they are characterized by a unique metabolic reprogramming. As reported for other types of tumors, the CSCs subpopulation in melanoma is also characterized by a low immunogenic profile as well as by the ability to escape the immune system, through the expression of a negative modulation of T cell functions and the secretion of immunosuppressive factors. These biological features allow melanoma CSCs to escape standard treatments, thus being deeply involved in tumor relapse. Targeting the CSCs subpopulation is now considered an attractive treatment strategy; in particular, combination treatments, based on both CSCs-targeting and standard drugs, will likely increase the therapeutic options for melanoma patients. The characterization of CSCs in liquid biopsies from single patients will pave the way towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
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26
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Yuan Y, Yangmei Z, Rongrong S, Xiaowu L, Youwei Z, Sun S. Sotrastaurin attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer cells by targeting PKCδ. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109165. [PMID: 31261030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Chemoresistance and metastasis are the main cause of treatment failure. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proven to be essential for cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. PKCδ (protein kinase C-δ), a novel member of PKC family, has been validated as a synthetic lethal target in multiple cancers, and contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) patients. However, its role in GC is unclear. Here, we systematically investigate its role in GC, especially in regulating GC stem cell-like properties. We found that PKCδ positively regulated the metastasis, chemoresistance, and stem cell-like characteristics of GC cells, and its inhibitor sotrastaurin could rescue the above effects mediated by PKCδ. Importantly, sotrastaurin could also weaken metastasis, chemoresistance, and stem cell-like characteristics of adriamycin-resistant GC cells via PKCδ suppression, indicating sotrastaurin is an ideal candidate for combinational therapy to overcome chemoresistance for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Zhang Yangmei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Sun Rongrong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Li Xiaowu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China
| | - Zhang Youwei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China.
| | - Sanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, XuZhou, 221009, China.
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27
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Meng Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Fan H, Fang H, Li S, Yuan L, Liu C, Peng Y, Zhao W, Wang L, Li J, Feng J. Histone demethylase KDM7A is required for stem cell maintenance and apoptosis inhibition in breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:932-943. [PMID: 31236965 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Histone demethylase KDM7A regulates neuronal differentiation and development in mammals. In this study, we found that KDM7A was also required for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) maintenance. Silencing KDM7A significantly reduced the BCSCs population and mamosphere formation in vitro, and inhibited breast tumor growth in vivo. Restoring KDM7A expression rescued the defect in stem cell maintenance. Our mechanism analysis suggested that KDM7A upregulated the stemness-associated factors KLF4 and c-MYC for BCSCs maintenance. In addition, KDM7A knockdown promoted apoptosis through decreasing BCL2 expression and BAD phosphorylation in breast cancer (BrCa). Furthermore, restoring KDM7A and BCL2 expression rescued apoptosis inhibition in breast cancer, suggesting that KDM7A inhibited apoptosis by upregulating the BCL2 level in breast cancer. In conclusion, KDM7A promotes cancer stem cell maintenance and apoptosis inhibition in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Meng
- Fengxian District Center Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Hongjia Fan
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Huan Fang
- Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Sha Li
- Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Fengxian District Center Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, 201499, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China.,Joint Research Center for Precision Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University & Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, 201499, China.,Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201499, China
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28
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Wang Z, Liu L, Guo X, Guo C, Wang W. microRNA-1236-3p Regulates DDP Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells. Open Med (Wars) 2019; 14:41-51. [PMID: 30805558 PMCID: PMC6384700 DOI: 10.1515/med-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor leading to the most cancer-related deaths worldwide. The treatment efficiency of lung cancer remains poor mainly due to chemotherapy drug resistance, including cisplatin. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to chemotherapy resistance of tumor cells. Here, we illustrated the underlying mechanism of miR-1236-3p on the DDP resistance in lung cancer cells. In this study, we found that the expression level of miR-1236-3p was significantly decreased in lung cancer tissues and A549 cell line. In addition, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DDP in A549 cells was significantly lower than that in A549/DDP cells, while the expression level of miR-1236-3p was prominently down-regulated in A549/DDP cells. Combining the online tool TargetScan and a dual-luciferase reporter assay, tumor protein, translationally-controlled 1 (TPT1) was proved to be the direct target gene of miR-1236-3p. The MTT and flow cytometry assays demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-1236-3p could markedly inhibit A549/DDP cell proliferation but promote apoptosis, which could be significantly reversed by pcDNA3.1-TPT1 plasmids. Finally, we further demonstrated that miR-1235-3p could restrain the expression levels of TPT1, Pim-3, phosphate-Bcl-2-associated death promoter (p-BAD) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) in A549/DDP cells, while the inhibition could be reversed by pcDNA3.1-TPT1 as well. In a word, our study demonstrated that miR-1236-3p could reverse DDP resistance by modulation of TPT1 gene and inhibition of Pim-3 signaling pathway in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Oncology Center, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Internal Medicine Department, Anqiu People's Hospital, No. 246 Jiankang Road, Anqiu 262100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- Internal Medicine Department, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Guo
- Internal Medicine Department, Anqiu People's Hospital, No. 246 Jiankang Road, Anqiu 262100, Shandong, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Internal Medicine Department, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
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29
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Pang Y, Liu Z, Liu S. Identification of Key Potential Targets and Pathway for Arsenic Trioxide by Systemic Bioinformatics Analysis in Pancreatic Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:681-690. [PMID: 30506130 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide is an approved chemotheraputic agent for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Recently, numerous studies suggested that arsenic trioxide acts as anti-cancer roles in various human malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the critical targets of arsenic trioxide and their interaction network systematically by searching the publicly available published database like DrugBank (DB) and STRING. Seven direct protein targets (DPTs) and 111 DPT-associated genes were identified. The enrichment analysis of arsenic trioxide associated genes/proteins revealed 10 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Among these pathways, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase -Akt (PI3K-Akt) single pathway and pancreatic cancer pathway are highly correlated with arsenic trioxide and have 5 overlapped targets. Then we investigated the gene alternation of selected critical genes in pancreatic cancer studies using cBio portal. These results indicated that arsenic trioxide could act anti-tumor function through PI3K-Akt single pathway and identified critical genes might be therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shanrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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30
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Discovery of a small-molecule inhibitor of specific serine residue BAD phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10505-E10514. [PMID: 30309962 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804897115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human BCL-2-associated death promoter (hBAD) is an apoptosis-regulatory protein mediating survival signals to carcinoma cells upon phosphorylation of Ser99, among other residues. Herein, we screened multiple small-molecule databases queried in a Laplacian-modified naive Bayesian-based cheminformatics platform and identified a Petasis reaction product as a site-specific inhibitor for hBAD phosphorylation. Based on apoptotic efficacy against mammary carcinoma cells, N-cyclopentyl-3-((4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl) piperazin-1-yl) (2-hydroxyphenyl) methyl) benzamide (NPB) was identified as a potential lead compound. In vitro biochemical analyses demonstrated that NPB inhibited the phosphorylation of hBAD specifically on Ser99. NPB was observed to exert this effect independently of AKT and other kinase activities despite the demonstration of AKT-mediated BAD-Ser99 phosphorylation. Using a structure-based bioinformatics platform, we observed that NPB exhibited predicted interactions with hBAD in silico and verified the same by direct binding kinetics. NPB reduced phosphorylation of BAD-Ser99 and enhanced caspase 3/7 activity with associated loss of cell viability in various human cancer cell lines derived from mammary, endometrial, ovarian, hepatocellular, colon, prostatic, and pancreatic carcinoma. Furthermore, by use of a xenograft model, it was observed that NPB, as a single agent, markedly diminished BAD phosphorylation in tumor tissue and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Similar doses of NPB utilized in acute toxicity studies in mice did not exhibit significant effects. Hence, we report a site-specific inhibitor of BAD phosphorylation with efficacy in tumor models.
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31
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Lu S, Yao Y, Xu G, Zhou C, Zhang Y, Sun J, Jiang R, Shao Q, Chen Y. CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:646. [PMID: 29844385 PMCID: PMC5974417 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of most common solid cancers worldwide. Sorafenib is indicated as a treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical efficacy of sorafenib has been severely compromised by the development of drug resistance, and the precise mechanisms of drug resistance remain largely unknown. Here we found that a cell surface molecule, CD24, is overexpressed in tumor tissues and sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between CD24 expression levels and sorafenib resistance. In sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, depletion of CD24 caused a notable increase of sorafenib sensitivity. In addition, we found that CD24-related sorafenib resistance was accompanied by the activation of autophagy and can be blocked by the inhibition of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or essential autophagy gene knockdown. In further research, we found that CD24 overexpression also leads to an increase in PP2A protein production and induces the deactivation of the mTOR/AKT pathway, which enhances the level of autophagy. These results demonstrate that CD24 regulates sorafenib resistance via activating autophagy in HCC. This is the first report to describe the relationships among CD24, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. In conclusion, the combination of autophagy modulation and CD24 targeted therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Guolong Xu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Runqiu Jiang
- Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Diabetes Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer biotherapy Center, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210018, China.
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32
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Mukherjee N, Almeida A, Partyka KA, Lu Y, Schwan JV, Lambert K, Rogers M, Robinson WA, Robinson SE, Applegate AJ, Amato CM, Luo Y, Fujita M, Norris DA, Shellman YG. Combining a GSI and BCL-2 inhibitor to overcome melanoma's resistance to current treatments. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84594-84607. [PMID: 27829238 PMCID: PMC5356684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major limitations of current melanoma treatments are for instances of relapse and the lack of therapeutic options for BRAF wild-type patients who do not respond to immunotherapy. Many studies therefore focus on killing resistant subpopulations, such as Melanoma Initiating Cells (MICs) to prevent relapse. Here we examined whether combining a GSI (γ-Secretase Inhibitor) with ABT-737 (a small molecule BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor) can kill both the non-MICs (bulk of melanoma) and MICs. To address the limitations of melanoma therapies, we included multiple tumor samples of patients relapsed from current treatments, with a diverse genetic background (with or without the common BRAF, NRAS or NF1 mutations) in these studies. Excitingly, the combination treatment reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of the non-MICs; disrupted primary spheres, decreased the ALDH+ cells, and inhibited the self-renewability of the MICs in multiple melanoma cell lines and relapsed patient samples. Using a low-cell-number mouse xenograft model, we demonstrated that the combination significantly reduced the tumor initiating ability of MIC-enriched cultures from relapsed patient samples. Mechanistic studies also indicate that cell death is NOXA-dependent. In summary, this combination may be a promising strategy to address treatment relapse and for triple wild-type patients who do not respond to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Mukherjee
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Adam Almeida
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katie A Partyka
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Josianna V Schwan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karoline Lambert
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison Rogers
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William A Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven E Robinson
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Allison J Applegate
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carol M Amato
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yuchun Luo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - David A Norris
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dermatology Section, Denver, CO 80220, USA
| | - Yiqun G Shellman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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33
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Bad phosphorylation as a target of inhibition in oncology. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:177-186. [PMID: 29175460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 agonist of cell death (BAD) is a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family which possesses important regulatory function in apoptosis. BAD has also been shown to possess many non-apoptotic functions closely linked to cancer including regulation of glycolysis, autophagy, cell cycle progression and immune system development. Interestingly, BAD can be either pro-apoptotic or pro-survival depending on the phosphorylation state of three specific serine residues (human S75, S99 and S118). Expression of BAD and BAD phosphorylation patterns have been shown to influence tumor initiation and progression and play a predictive role in disease prognosis, drug response and chemosensitivity in various cancers. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the functional role of BAD phosphorylation in human cancer and evaluate the potential utility of modulating BAD phosphorylation in cancer.
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34
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Khawar MB, Mukhtar M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N. IL-32θ: a recently identified anti-inflammatory variant of IL-32 and its preventive role in various disorders and tumor suppressor activity. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4726-4737. [PMID: 29218075 PMCID: PMC5714761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 theta (IL-32θ) is newly identified isoform of IL-32 which plays a vital role in inflammatory responses. Like IL-32α and IL-32β, IL-32θ isoform acts as an intracellular inflammatory modulator. It results in reduction of IL-1β production by attenuating the expression of PU.1 and inhibition of monocytes differentiation into macrophages. IL-32θ hinders TNF-α expression by inhibiting p38 MAPK and inhibitor of κB (IκB) as well. It also reserved STAT3-ZEB1 pathway leading to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness. Hence, it can be concluded that IL-32θ is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that can act as a tumor suppressor and can play vital role in colon cancer therapies. IL-32θ also plays a crucial role in immune system responses and cellular differentiation during disease pathogenesis. To our best knowledge this is the first ever review to condense the importance, precise mode of action in disease progression and latent remedial implications of IL-32θ in several inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Department of Zoology, University of The Punjab, Q-A CampusLahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of The Punjab87-West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Lahore, Pakistan
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Jaworska D, Szliszka E. Targeting Apoptotic Activity Against Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081648. [PMID: 28758908 PMCID: PMC5578038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous data suggest that an increase of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor mass can be the reason for failure of conventional therapies because of their resistance. CD44+/CD24- cells are a putative cancer stem cells subpopulation in prostate cancer. TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is an activator of apoptosis in tumor cells. However, some tumors are TRAIL-resistant. Cancer cells can be re-sensitized to TRAIL induced apoptosis by a combination of TRAIL and taxanes. The aim of this work was to analyze the enhancement of the anticancer effect of TRAIL by paclitaxel, cabazitaxel and docetaxel in the whole population of PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells, but also in CD44+/CD24- prostate cancer stem cells. We examined the apoptotic effect of TRAIL and taxanes using flow cytometry and Annexin-V-PE staining. The co-treatment with taxanes and TRAIL enhanced significantly the apoptosis in CD44+/CD24- cells only in PC3 cell line but not in DU145 cells. We discovered also that taxanes can increase the expression of death receptor TRAIL-R2 in PC3 prostate cancer cells. The results of our study show that treatment with paclitaxel, cabazitaxel and docetaxel is able to enhance the apoptosis induced by TRAIL even in prostate cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Jaworska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Szliszka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
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Cytoprotective effect of neuropeptides on cancer stem cells: vasoactive intestinal peptide-induced antiapoptotic signaling. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2844. [PMID: 28569785 PMCID: PMC5520887 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are increasingly considered to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. The drug resistance mechanisms activated in CSCs have not been thoroughly investigated. Although neuropeptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) can promote tumor growth and activate antiapoptotic signaling in differentiated cancer cells, it is not known whether they can activate antiapoptotic mechanisms in CSCs. The objectives of this study are to unravel the cytoprotective effects of neuropeptides and identify antiapoptotic mechanisms activated by neuropeptides in response to anticancer drug treatment in CSCs. We enriched and purified CSCs (CD44+/high/CD24-/low or CD133+ population) from breast and prostate cancer cell lines, and demonstrated their stemness phenotype. Of the several neuropeptides tested, only VIP could protect CSCs from drug-induced apoptosis. A functional correlation was found between drug-induced apoptosis and dephosphorylation of proapoptotic Bcl2 family protein BAD. Similarly, VIP-induced cytoprotection correlated with BAD phosphorylation at Ser112 in CSCs. Using pharmacological inhibitors and dominant-negative proteins, we showed that VIP-induced cytoprotection and BAD phosphorylation are mediated via both Ras/MAPK and PKA pathways in CSCs of prostate cancer LNCaP and C4-2 cells, but only PKA signaling was involved in CSCs of DUVIPR (DU145 prostate cancer cells ectopically expressing VIP receptor) and breast cancer MCF7 cells. As each of these pathways partially control BAD phosphorylation at Ser112, both have to be inhibited to block the cytoprotective effects of VIP. Furthermore, VIP is unable to protect CSCs that express phosphorylation-deficient mutant-BAD, suggesting that BAD phosphorylation is essential. Thus, antiapoptotic signaling by VIP could be one of the drug resistance mechanisms by which CSCs escape from anticancer therapies. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of VIP receptor inhibition to eliminate CSCs, and that targeting BAD might be an attractive strategy for development of novel therapeutics.
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Adamowicz J, Pakravan K, Bakhshinejad B, Drewa T, Babashah S. Prostate cancer stem cells: from theory to practice. Scand J Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2017.1283360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Adamowicz
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Bak Y, Kwon T, Bak IS, Hong J, Yu DY, Yoon DY. IL-32θ inhibits stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cancer stem cells via the STAT3 pathway in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7307-17. [PMID: 26824417 PMCID: PMC4872787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-32 is a well-known cytokine associated with inflammation, virus infections and cancer. IL-32θ is a newly identified isoform of IL-32, whose function has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated IL-32θ function in colon cancer stem cells. Using samples from colon cancer patients, we found that the expression of IL-32θ mRNAs was significantly suppressed in tumor regions. We investigated the effects of IL-32θ on colon cancer. Ectopic expression of IL-32θ attenuated invasion, migration in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells. IL-32θ inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in the suppression of their migratory and invasive capabilities of HT29 colon cancer cells. In addition, IL-32θ altered various properties of CSCs, including sphere formation and expression of stemness related genes. IL-32θ directly bound to STAT3 and inhibited its nuclear translocation, leading to inhibited transcription of downstream factors, including Bmi1 and ZEB1. We showed that IL-32θ inhibited the STAT3-ZEB1 pathway and consequently inhibited key factors of stemness and EMT. Taken together, our findings reveal that IL-32θ can be a tumor suppressor, indicating that IL-32θ could possibly be used in therapies for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesol Bak
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Seon Bak
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jintae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Aging Intervention Research Center, Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Deshmukh A, Deshpande K, Arfuso F, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. Cancer stem cell metabolism: a potential target for cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:69. [PMID: 27825361 PMCID: PMC5101698 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem cells (CSCs) are a unipotent cell population present within the tumour cell mass. CSCs are known to be highly chemo-resistant, and in recent years, they have gained intense interest as key tumour initiating cells that may also play an integral role in tumour recurrence following chemotherapy. Cancer cells have the ability to alter their metabolism in order to fulfil bio-energetic and biosynthetic requirements. They are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis for their energy production and also are associated with increased fatty acid synthesis and increased rates of glutamine utilisation. Emerging evidence has shown that therapeutic resistance to cancer treatment may arise due to dysregulation in glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. To propagate their lethal effects and maintain survival, tumour cells alter their metabolic requirements to ensure optimal nutrient use for their survival, evasion from host immune attack, and proliferation. It is now evident that cancer cells metabolise glutamine to grow rapidly because it provides the metabolic stimulus for required energy and precursors for synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. It can also regulate the activities of some of the signalling pathways that control the proliferation of cancer cells. This review describes the key metabolic pathways required by CSCs to maintain a survival advantage and highlights how a combined approach of targeting cellular metabolism in conjunction with the use of chemotherapeutic drugs may provide a promising strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance and therefore aid in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Deshmukh
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kedar Deshpande
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Histone deacetylase inhibitor abexinostat affects chromatin organization and gene transcription in normal B cells and in mantle cell lymphoma. Gene 2016; 580:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells: glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and Bcl-2 proteins as novel therapeutic targets for cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:15. [PMID: 26791262 PMCID: PMC4721116 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly a century ago, Otto Warburg made the ground-breaking observation that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, prefer a seemingly inefficient mechanism of glucose metabolism: aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon now referred to as the Warburg effect. The finding that rapidly proliferating cancer cells favors incomplete metabolism of glucose, producing large amounts of lactate as opposed to synthesizing ATP to sustain cell growth, has confounded scientists for years. Further investigation into the metabolic phenotype of cancer has expanded our understanding of this puzzling conundrum, and has opened new avenues for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Enhanced glycolytic flux is now known to allow for increased synthesis of intermediates for sustaining anabolic pathways critical for cancer cell growth. Alongside the increase in glycolysis, cancer cells transform their mitochondria into synthesis machines supported by augmented glutaminolysis, supplying lipid production, amino acid synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathways. Inhibition of several of the key enzymes involved in these pathways has been demonstrated to effectively obstruct cancer cell growth and multiplication, sensitizing them to apoptosis. The modulation of various regulatory proteins involved in metabolic processes is central to cancerous reprogramming of metabolism. The finding that members of one of the major protein families involved in cell death regulation also aberrantly regulated in cancers, the Bcl-2 family of proteins, are also critical mediators of metabolic pathways, provides strong evidence for the importance of the metabolic shift to cancer cell survival. Targeting the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins is proving to be a successful way to selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Further understanding of how cancer cells modify metabolic regulation to increase channeling of substrates into biosynthesis will allow for the discovery of novel drug targets to treat cancer. In the present review, we focused on the recent developments in therapeutic targeting of different steps in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and on the metabolic regulatory role of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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Qiu H, Fang X, Luo Q, Ouyang G. Cancer stem cells: a potential target for cancer therapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3411-24. [PMID: 25967289 PMCID: PMC11113644 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cancer cells, named cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells, are responsible for the initiation, growth, metastasis, therapy resistance and recurrence of cancers. CSCs share core regulatory pathways with normal stem cells; however, CSCs rely on distinct reprogrammed pathways to maintain stemness and to contribute to the progression of cancers. The specific targeting of CSCs, together with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy, may achieve stable remission or cure cancer. Therefore, the identification of CSCs and a better understanding of the complex characteristics of CSCs will provide invaluable diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic targets for clinical application. In this review, we will introduce the dysregulated properties of CSCs in cancers and discuss the possible challenges in targeting CSCs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Qi Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003 China
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 China
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Huang CC, Wang SY, Lin LL, Wang PW, Chen TY, Hsu WM, Lin TK, Liou CW, Chuang JH. Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose simultaneously targets cancer and endothelial cells to suppress neuroblastoma growth in mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:1247-54. [PMID: 26398947 PMCID: PMC4610240 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.021667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations and associated with poor prognosis when there is amplification of MYCN oncogene or high expression of Myc oncoproteins. In a previous in vitro study, we found that the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) could suppress the growth of neuroblastoma cells, particularly in those with MYCN amplification. In this study, we established a mouse model of neuroblastoma xenografts with SK-N-DZ and SK-N-AS cells treated with 2DG by intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 3 weeks at 100 or 500 mg/kg body weight. We found that 2DG was effective in suppressing the growth of both MYCN-amplified SK-N-DZ and MYCN-non-amplified SK-N-AS neuroblastoma xenografts, which was associated with downregulation of HIF-1α, PDK1 and c-Myc, and a reduction in the number of tumor blood vessels. In vitro study showed that 2DG can suppress proliferation, cause apoptosis and reduce migration of murine endothelial cells, with inhibition of the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia and disorganization of F-actin filaments. The results suggest that 2DG might simultaneously target cancer cells and endothelial cells in the neuroblastoma xenografts in mice regardless of the status of MYCN amplification, providing a potential therapeutic opportunity to use 2DG or other glycolytic inhibitors for the treatment of patients with refractory neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan Biobank and Tissue Bank, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan Department of Internal and Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Chen
- The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Kung Lin
- The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- The Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan The Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Sonic hedgehog-glioma associated oncogene homolog 1 signaling enhances drug resistance in CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) gastric cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:124-33. [PMID: 26276718 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance in gastric cancer largely results from the gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs), which could be targeted to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study, we identified a subpopulation of GCSCs enriched in holoclones that expressed CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) stem cell biomarkers, capable of self-renewal and proliferation. Enriched CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) GCSCs demonstrated elevated expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), the well-known signaling pathway molecules involved in the drug resistance. Further, CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) cells exhibited high drug efflux bump activity and were resistant to doxorubicin (Dox)-induced apoptosis, and unregulated the ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) expression,. The above effects on apoptosis were reversed in the presence of GLI inhibitors, GANT61 and GDC-0449, or by the knockdown of GLI1/SHH. Upon knockdown of GLI1, expression of ABCG2 was downregulated the antitumor effects were significantly improved as observed in the gastric cancer xenograft. Collectively, our study revealed that co-expression of CD44(+)/Musashi-1(+) could be used to identify GCSCs, which also accounts for the drug resistance in gastric cancer. SHH-GLI and its downstream effector ABCG2 could be better targeted to possibly improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in drug-resistant gastric cancers.
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[Gynecologic examinations]. Cancers (Basel) 1965; 10:cancers10020040. [PMID: 29385093 PMCID: PMC5836072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours contain a small number of treatment-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs), and it is through these that tumour regrowth originates at secondary sites, thus rendering CSCs an attractive target for treatment. Cancer cells adapt cellular metabolism for aggressive proliferation. Tumour cells use less efficient glycolysis for the production of ATP and increasing tumour mass, instead of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). CSCs show distinct metabolic shift and, depending on the cancer type, can be highly glycolytic or OXPHOS dependent. Since Wnt signalling promotes glycolysis and tumour growth, we investigated the effect of the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) on CSC metabolism. We demonstrate that sFRP4 has a prominent role in basal glucose uptake in CSCs derived from breast and prostate tumour cell lines. We show that sFRP4 treatment on CSCs isolated with variable glucose content induces metabolic reprogramming by relocating metabolic flux to glycolysis or OXPHOS. Altogether, sFRP4 treatment compromises cell proliferation and critically affects cell survival mechanisms such as viability, glucose transporters, pyruvate conversion, mammalian target of rapamycin, and induces CSC apoptosis under conditions of variable glucose content. Our findings provide the feasibility of using sFRP4 to inhibit CSC survival in order to induce metabolic reprogramming in vivo.
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