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Kirchner VA, Badshah JS, Kyun Hong S, Martinez O, Pruett TL, Niedernhofer LJ. Effect of Cellular Senescence in Disease Progression and Transplantation: Immune Cells and Solid Organs. Transplantation 2024; 108:1509-1523. [PMID: 37953486 PMCID: PMC11089077 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the world population significantly impacts healthcare globally and specifically, the field of transplantation. Together with end-organ dysfunction and prolonged immunosuppression, age increases the frequency of comorbid chronic diseases in transplant candidates and recipients, contributing to inferior outcomes. Although the frequency of death increases with age, limited use of organs from older deceased donors reflects the concerns about organ durability and inadequate function. Cellular senescence (CS) is a hallmark of aging, which occurs in response to a myriad of cellular stressors, leading to activation of signaling cascades that stably arrest cell cycle progression to prevent tumorigenesis. In aging and chronic conditions, senescent cells accumulate as the immune system's ability to clear them wanes, which is causally implicated in the progression of chronic diseases, immune dysfunction, organ damage, decreased regenerative capacity, and aging itself. The intimate interplay between senescent cells, their proinflammatory secretome, and immune cells results in a positive feedback loop, propagating chronic sterile inflammation and the spread of CS. Hence, senescent cells in organs from older donors trigger the recipient's alloimmune response, resulting in the increased risk of graft loss. Eliminating senescent cells or attenuating their inflammatory phenotype is a novel, potential therapeutic target to improve transplant outcomes and expand utilization of organs from older donors. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the impact of CS on circulating immune cells in the context of organ damage and disease progression, discusses the impact of CS on abdominal solid organs that are commonly transplanted, and reviews emerging therapies that target CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara A. Kirchner
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Joshua S. Badshah
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Suk Kyun Hong
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Olivia Martinez
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Timothy L. Pruett
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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2
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Soni S, Mebratu YA. B-cell lymphoma-2 family proteins-activated proteases as potential therapeutic targets for influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: Killing two birds with one stone? Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2411. [PMID: 36451345 PMCID: PMC9877712 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global health emergency. There are many similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV); both are single-stranded RNA viruses infecting airway epithelial cells and have similar modes of replication and transmission. Like IAVs, SARS-CoV-2 infections poses serious challenges due to the lack of effective therapeutic interventions, frequent appearances of new strains of the virus, and development of drug resistance. New approaches to control these infectious agents may stem from cellular factors or pathways that directly or indirectly interact with viral proteins to enhance or inhibit virus replication. One of the emerging concepts is that host cellular factors and pathways are required for maintaining viral genome integrity, which is essential for viral replication. Although IAVs have been studied for several years and many cellular proteins involved in their replication and pathogenesis have been identified, very little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host cellular proteins to promote their replication. IAV induces apoptotic cell death, mediated by the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins in infected epithelia, and the pro-apoptotic members of this family promotes viral replication by activating host cell proteases. This review compares the life cycle and mode of replication of IAV and SARS-CoV-2 and examines the potential roles of host cellular proteins, belonging to the Bcl-2 family, in SARS-CoV-2 replication to provide future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Yohannes A. Mebratu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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3
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Schaefer J, Clow W, Bhandari R, Kimura M, Williams L, Pellegrini M. Killing in self-defense: proapoptotic drugs to eliminate intracellular pathogens. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 79:102263. [PMID: 36375234 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular infections rely on host cell survival for replication and have evolved several mechanisms to prevent infected cells from dying. Drugs that promote apoptosis, a noninflammatory form of cell death, can dysregulate these survival mechanisms to kill infected cells via a mechanism that resists the evolution of drug resistance. Two such drug classes, known as SMAC mimetics and BH3 mimetics, have shown preclinical efficacy at mediating clearance of liver-stage malaria and chronic infections such as hepatitis-B virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerging toxicity and efficacy data have reinforced the broad applicability of these drugs and form the foundations for preclinical and clinical studies into their various usage cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schaefer
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - William Clow
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Reet Bhandari
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mari Kimura
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lewis Williams
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Walter & Eliza Hall Institute Infectious Disease and Immune Defence Division, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911845. [PMID: 36233146 PMCID: PMC9570409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to different triggers and an inflammatory secretome. Although originally described in fibroblasts and cell types of solid organs, cellular senescence affects most tissues with advancing age, including the lymphoid tissue, causing chronic inflammation and dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune functions. Besides its normal occurrence, persistent microbial challenge or pathogenic microorganisms might also accelerate the activation of cellular aging, inducing the premature senescence of immune cells. Therapeutic strategies counteracting the detrimental effects of cellular senescence are being developed. Their application to target immune cells might have the potential to improve immune dysfunctions during aging and reduce the age-dependent susceptibility to infections. In this review, we discuss how immune senescence influences the host’s ability to resolve more common infections in the elderly and detail the different markers proposed to identify such senescent cells; the mechanisms by which infectious agents increase the extent of immune senescence are also reviewed. Finally, available senescence therapeutics are discussed in the context of their effects on immunity and against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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No longer married to inflammasome signaling: the diverse interacting pathways leading to pyroptotic cell death. Biochem J 2022; 479:1083-1102. [PMID: 35608339 PMCID: PMC9162454 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over 15 years the lytic cell death termed pyroptosis was defined by its dependency on the inflammatory caspase, caspase-1, which, upon pathogen sensing, is activated by innate immune cytoplasmic protein complexes known as inflammasomes. However, this definition of pyroptosis changed when the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) was identified as the caspase-1 (and caspase-11) substrate required to mediate pyroptotic cell death. Consequently, pyroptosis has been redefined as a gasdermin-dependent cell death. Studies now show that, upon liberation of the N-terminal domain, five gasdermin family members, GSDMA, GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD and GSDME can all form plasma membrane pores to induce pyroptosis. Here, we review recent research into the diverse stimuli and cell death signaling pathways involved in the activation of gasdermins; death and toll-like receptor triggered caspase-8 activation of GSDMD or GSMDC, apoptotic caspase-3 activation of GSDME, perforin-granzyme A activation of GSDMB, and bacterial protease activation of GSDMA. We highlight findings that have begun to unravel the physiological situations and disease states that result from gasdermin signaling downstream of inflammasome activation, death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis, and necroptosis. This new era in cell death research therefore holds significant promise in identifying how distinct, yet often networked, pyroptotic cell death pathways might be manipulated for therapeutic benefit to treat a range of malignant conditions associated with inflammation, infection and cancer.
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Abstract
Broadly effective antiviral therapies must be developed to be ready for clinical trials, which should begin soon after the emergence of new life-threatening viruses. Here, we pave the way towards this goal by reviewing conserved druggable virus-host interactions, mechanisms of action, immunomodulatory properties of available broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAs), routes of BSA delivery, and interactions of BSAs with other antivirals. Based on the review, we concluded that the range of indications of BSAs can be expanded, and new pan- and cross-viral mono- and combinational therapies can be developed. We have also developed a new scoring algorithm that can help identify the most promising few of the thousands of potential BSAs and BSA-containing drug cocktails (BCCs) to prioritize their development during the critical period between the identification of a new virus and the development of virus-specific vaccines, drugs, and therapeutic antibodies.
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Ianevski A, Ahmad S, Anunnitipat K, Oksenych V, Zusinaite E, Tenson T, Bjørås M, Kainov DE. Seven classes of antiviral agents. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:605. [PMID: 36436108 PMCID: PMC9701656 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The viral epidemics and pandemics have stimulated the development of known and the discovery of novel antiviral agents. About a hundred mono- and combination antiviral drugs have been already approved, whereas thousands are in development. Here, we briefly reviewed 7 classes of antiviral agents: neutralizing antibodies, neutralizing recombinant soluble human receptors, antiviral CRISPR/Cas systems, interferons, antiviral peptides, antiviral nucleic acid polymers, and antiviral small molecules. Interferons and some small molecules alone or in combinations possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity, which could be beneficial for treatment of emerging and re-emerging viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Shahzaib Ahmad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kraipit Anunnitipat
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis E. Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway ,Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia ,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Raffaele M, Vinciguerra M. The costs and benefits of senotherapeutics for human health. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e67-e77. [PMID: 36098323 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major contributor to age-related diseases in humans; however, it also has a beneficial role in physiological and pathological processes, including wound healing, host immunity, and tumour suppression. Reducing the burden of cell senescence in animal models of cardiometabolic disorders, inflammatory conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer using pharmaceutical approaches that selectively target senescent cells (ie, senolytics) or that suppress senescence-associated secretory phenotype (ie, senomorphics) holds great promise for the management of chronic age-associated conditions. Although studies have provided evidence that senolytics or senomorphics are effective at decreasing the number of senescent cells in humans, the short-term and long-term side-effects of these therapies are largely unknown. In this Review, we systematically discuss the senolytics and senomorphics that have been investigated in clinical trials or have been used off-label, presenting their various adverse effects. Despite the potential of senotherapeutics to transform anti-ageing medicine, a cautionary approach regarding unwanted dose-dependent side-effects should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Raffaele
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; Research Institute of the Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
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Guo Z, Zhuo Y, Li K, Niu S, Dai H. Recent advances in cell homeostasis by African swine fever virus-host interactions. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:4-13. [PMID: 34634684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute hemorrhagic disease caused by the infection of domestic swine and wild boar by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), with a mortality rate close to 90-100%. ASFV has been spreading in the world and poses a severe economic threat to the swine industry. There is no high effective vaccine commercially available or drug for this disease. However, attenuated ASFV isolates may infect pigs by chronic infection, and the infected pigs will not be lethal, which may indicate that pigs can produce protective immunity to resistant ASFV. Immunity acquisition and virus clearances are the central pillars to maintain the host normal cell activities and animal survival dependent on virus-host interactions, which has offered insights into the biology of ASFV. This review is organized around general themes including native immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell apoptosis, ubiquitination, autophagy regarding the intricate relationship between ASFV protein-host. Elucidating the multifunctional role of ASFV proteins in virus-host interactions can provide more new insights on the initial virus sensing, clearance, and cell homeostasis, and contribute to understanding viral pathogenesis and developing novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeheng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yisha Zhuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Keke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Sai Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hanchuan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Zhang W, Deng H, Liu Y, Chen S, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Antiviral Effectivity of Favipiravir Against Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Is Mediated by the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722840. [PMID: 34552976 PMCID: PMC8450531 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, causes severe infectious disease in small ruminants and has been rapidly spreading in many parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Although vaccination is considered to be an effective means of controlling PPR, the heat-sensitive nature of the vaccines against PPRV greatly limits their application in areas with a hot climate. In the present study, we investigated the anti-PPRV effects of favipiravir and sought to identify the underlying mechanisms in vitro using the Vero cell line. MTT assays, Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence assays, virus plaque formation assays, and qRT-PCR were used to assess the effects of favipiravir on the life cycle of PPRV and the expression of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Additionally, the expression levels of JAK1, STAT1, phosphorylated (p)-STAT1, PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT, as well as those of signaling molecules acting downstream of the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, were determined by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. The results indicated that, in PPRV-infected, favipiravir-treated Vero cells, the attachment, invasion, replication, and release of PPRV were significantly inhibited, as was the expression of RdRp, when compared with that in untreated PPRV-infected cells. Furthermore, in favipiravir-treated cells, the expression of JAK1 and STAT1 was downregulated, whereas that of p-STAT1 was significantly upregulated. Similarly, the expression levels of PKR, IRF9, ISG54, and MxA proteins that are associated with innate antiviral activity in host cells were also markedly increased. Moreover, with favipiravir treatment, the expression of PI3K and p-AKT and the p-AKT/AKT ratio were significantly decreased, whereas the expression of AKT was noticeably upregulated. The expression of GSK3, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65, and BAD was also increased with favipiravir treatment, while the expression of CREB, p-CREB, p-GSK3, and Bcl-2 was slightly decreased. In addition, all the p-GSK3/GSK3, p-CREB/CREB, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, and p-BAD/BAD ratios were significantly reduced in favipiravir-treated cells. These results implied that the antiviral effectivity of favipiravir against PPRV is mediated by the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT pathways and that favipiravir has potential for use as an effective antiviral agent against PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hualong Deng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shaohong Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - You Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Ianevski A, Yao R, Zusinaite E, Lysvand H, Oksenych V, Tenson T, Bjørås M, Kainov D. Active Components of Commonly Prescribed Medicines Affect Influenza A Virus-Host Cell Interaction: A Pilot Study. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081537. [PMID: 34452402 PMCID: PMC8402715 DOI: 10.3390/v13081537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Every year, millions of people are hospitalized and thousands die from influenza A virus (FLUAV) infection. Most cases of hospitalizations and death occur among the elderly. Many of these elderly patients are reliant on medical treatment of underlying chronic diseases, such as arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension. We hypothesized that the commonly prescribed medicines for treatment of underlying chronic diseases can affect host responses to FLUAV infection and thus contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether commonly prescribed medicines could affect host responses to virus infection in vitro. Methods: We first identified 45 active compounds from a list of commonly prescribed medicines. Then, we constructed a drug-target interaction network and identified the potential implication of these interactions for FLUAV-host cell interplay. Finally, we tested the effect of 45 drugs on the viability, transcription, and metabolism of mock- and FLUAV-infected human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Results: In silico drug-target interaction analysis revealed that drugs such as atorvastatin, candesartan, and hydroxocobalamin could target and modulate FLUAV-host cell interaction. In vitro experiments showed that at non-cytotoxic concentrations, these compounds affected the transcription and metabolism of FLUAV- and mock-infected cells. Conclusion: Many commonly prescribed drugs were found to modulate FLUAV-host cell interactions in silico and in vitro and could therefore affect their interplay in vivo, thus contributing to the morbidity and mortality of patients with influenza virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Ianevski
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rouan Yao
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hilde Lysvand
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7028 Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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van der Feen DE, Bossers GPL, Hagdorn QAJ, Moonen JR, Kurakula K, Szulcek R, Chappell J, Vallania F, Donato M, Kok K, Kohli JS, Petersen AH, van Leusden T, Demaria M, Goumans MJTH, De Boer RA, Khatri P, Rabinovitch M, Berger RMF, Bartelds B. Cellular senescence impairs the reversibility of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/554/eaaw4974. [PMID: 32727916 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in congenital cardiac shunts can be reversed by hemodynamic unloading (HU) through shunt closure. However, this reversibility potential is lost beyond a certain point in time. The reason why PAH becomes irreversible is unknown. In this study, we used MCT+shunt-induced PAH in rats to identify a dichotomous reversibility response to HU, similar to the human situation. We compared vascular profiles of reversible and irreversible PAH using RNA sequencing. Cumulatively, we report that loss of reversibility is associated with a switch from a proliferative to a senescent vascular phenotype and confirmed markers of senescence in human PAH-CHD tissue. In vitro, we showed that human pulmonary endothelial cells of patients with PAH are more vulnerable to senescence than controls in response to shear stress and confirmed that the senolytic ABT263 induces apoptosis in senescent, but not in normal, endothelial cells. To support the concept that vascular cell senescence is causal to the irreversible nature of end-stage PAH, we targeted senescence using ABT263 and induced reversal of the hemodynamic and structural changes associated with severe PAH refractory to HU. The factors that drive the transition from a reversible to irreversible pulmonary vascular phenotype could also explain the irreversible nature of other PAH etiologies and provide new leads for pharmacological reversal of end-stage PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik E van der Feen
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Guido P L Bossers
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Quint A J Hagdorn
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Renier Moonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert Szulcek
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francesco Vallania
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Center of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Center of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jaskaren S Kohli
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, 9700 AD Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjen H Petersen
- Department of Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tom van Leusden
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, 9700 AD Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A De Boer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Center of Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rolf M F Berger
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Beatrijs Bartelds
- Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands
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13
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Kohli J, Veenstra I, Demaria M. The struggle of a good friend getting old: cellular senescence in viral responses and therapy. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52243. [PMID: 33734564 PMCID: PMC8024996 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest associated with macromolecular alterations and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and molecules. Senescence-associated phenotypes restrict damage propagation and activate immune responses, two essential processes involved in response to viral infections. However, excessive accumulation and persistence of senescent cells can become detrimental and promote pathology and dysfunctions. Various pharmacological interventions, including antiviral therapies, lead to aberrant and premature senescence. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which viral infections and antiviral therapy induce senescence. We highlight the importance of these processes in attenuating viral dissemination and damage propagation, but also how prematurely induced senescent cells can promote detrimental adverse effects in humans. We describe which sequelae due to viral infections and treatment can be partly due to excessive and aberrant senescence. Finally, we propose that pharmacological strategies which eliminate senescent cells or suppress their secretory phenotype could mitigate side effects and alleviate the onset of additional morbidities. These strategies can become extremely beneficial in patients recovering from viral infections or undergoing antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaren Kohli
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Iris Veenstra
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA)University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)GroningenThe Netherlands
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14
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Wyżewski Z, Świtlik W, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP. The Role of Bcl-xL Protein in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041956. [PMID: 33669408 PMCID: PMC7920434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL represents a family of proteins responsible for the regulation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Due to its anti-apoptotic activity, Bcl-xL co-determines the viability of various virally infected cells. Their survival may determine the effectiveness of viral replication and spread, dynamics of systemic infection, and viral pathogenesis. In this paper, we have reviewed the role of Bcl-xL in the context of host infection by eight different RNA and DNA viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus (IAV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), Maraba virus (MRBV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and coronavirus (CoV). We have described an influence of viral infection on the intracellular level of Bcl-xL and discussed the impact of Bcl-xL-dependent cell survival control on infection-accompanying pathogenic events such as tissue damage or oncogenesis. We have also presented anti-viral treatment strategies based on the pharmacological regulation of Bcl-xL expression or activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 728-208-338
| | - Weronika Świtlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
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15
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Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020278. [PMID: 33670217 PMCID: PMC7916974 DOI: 10.3390/v13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a highly variable and contagious respiratory pathogen that can cause annual epidemics and it poses an enormous threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new generation of antiviral drugs to combat the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus. A novel series of butene lactone derivatives were screened and the compound 3D was selected, as it exhibited in vitro potential antiviral activity against A/Weiss/43 H1N1 virus with low toxicity. In addition, 3D dose-dependently inhibited the viral replication, expression of viral mRNA and viral proteins. 3D exerted a suppressive effect on A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 in vitro. The time-of-addition analysis indicated that 3D suppressed H1N1 in the early stage of its life cycle. A/Weiss/43 H1N1-induced apoptosis in A549 cells was reduced by 3D via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. 3D could decrease the production of H1N1-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines that are induced by H1N1 in vitro and in vivo. The administration of 3D reduced lung lesions and virus load in vivo. These results suggest that 3D, which is a butene lactone derivative, is a promising agent for the treatment of influenza A virus infection.
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16
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Seoane R, Vidal S, Bouzaher YH, El Motiam A, Rivas C. The Interaction of Viruses with the Cellular Senescence Response. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E455. [PMID: 33317104 PMCID: PMC7764305 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is viewed as a mechanism to prevent malignant transformation, but when it is chronic, as occurs in age-related diseases, it may have adverse effects on cancer. Therefore, targeting senescent cells is a novel therapeutic strategy against senescence-associated diseases. In addition to its role in cancer protection, cellular senescence is also considered a mechanism to control virus replication. Both interferon treatment and some viral infections can trigger cellular senescence as a way to restrict virus replication. However, activation of the cellular senescence program is linked to the alteration of different pathways, which can be exploited by some viruses to improve their replication. It is, therefore, important to understand the potential impact of senolytic agents on viral propagation. Here we focus on the relationship between virus and cellular senescence and the reported effects of senolytic compounds on virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Seoane
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Santiago Vidal
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Yanis Hichem Bouzaher
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Ahmed El Motiam
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
| | - Carmen Rivas
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.S.); (S.V.); (Y.H.B.); (A.E.M.)
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Verstraete N, Jurman G, Bertagnolli G, Ghavasieh A, Pancaldi V, De Domenico M. CovMulNet19, Integrating Proteins, Diseases, Drugs, and Symptoms: A Network Medicine Approach to COVID-19. NETWORK AND SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2020; 3:130-141. [PMID: 33274348 PMCID: PMC7703682 DOI: 10.1089/nsm.2020.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We introduce in this study CovMulNet19, a comprehensive COVID-19 network containing all available known interactions involving SARS-CoV-2 proteins, interacting-human proteins, diseases and symptoms that are related to these human proteins, and compounds that can potentially target them. Materials and Methods: Extensive network analysis methods, based on a bootstrap approach, allow us to prioritize a list of diseases that display a high similarity to COVID-19 and a list of drugs that could potentially be beneficial to treat patients. As a key feature of CovMulNet19, the inclusion of symptoms allows a deeper characterization of the disease pathology, representing a useful proxy for COVID-19-related molecular processes. Results: We recapitulate many of the known symptoms of the disease and we find the most similar diseases to COVID-19 reflect conditions that are risk factors in patients. In particular, the comparison between CovMulNet19 and randomized networks recovers many of the known associated comorbidities that are important risk factors for COVID-19 patients, through identified similarities with intestinal, hepatic, and neurological diseases as well as with respiratory conditions, in line with reported comorbidities. Conclusion: CovMulNet19 can be suitably used for network medicine analysis, as a valuable tool for exploring drug repurposing while accounting for the intervening multidimensional factors, from molecular interactions to symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Verstraete
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- University Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Vera Pancaldi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm, ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
- University Paul Sabatier III, Toulouse, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Ragunathan K, Upfold NLE, Oksenych V. Interaction between Fibroblasts and Immune Cells Following DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228635. [PMID: 33207781 PMCID: PMC7696681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) form the basis of tumor microenvironment and possess immunomodulatory functions by interacting with other cells surrounding tumor, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. Ionizing radiation is a broadly-used method in radiotherapy to target tumors. In mammalian cells, ionizing radiation induces various types of DNA damages and DNA damage response. Being unspecific, radiotherapy affects all the cells in tumor microenvironment, including the tumor itself, CAFs and immune cells. CAFs are extremely radio-resistant and do not initiate apoptosis even at high doses of radiation. However, following radiation, CAFs become senescent and produce a distinct combination of immunoregulatory molecules. Radiosensitivity of immune cells varies depending on the cell type due to inefficient DNA repair in, for example, monocytes and granulocytes. In this minireview, we are summarizing recent findings on the interaction between CAF, ionizing radiation and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiyarasi Ragunathan
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
| | - Nikki Lyn Esnardo Upfold
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway; (K.R.); (N.L.E.U.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (BioNuT), Karolinska Institutet, 14183 Huddinge, Sweden
- KG Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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19
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Weir A, Hughes S, Rashidi M, Hildebrand JM, Vince JE. Necroptotic movers and shakers: cell types, inflammatory drivers and diseases. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 68:83-97. [PMID: 33160107 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The necroptotic cell death pathway has received significant attention for its ability to trigger inflammatory responses and its potential involvement in related conditions. Recent insights into the essential membrane damaging necroptotic pseudokinase effector, Mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL), have revealed a number of diverse MLKL functions that contribute to the inflammatory nature of necroptosis. Here we review distinct MLKL signalling roles and document the immunogenic molecules released by necroptosis. We discuss specific in vivo MLKL-driven responses, the activation of inflammasome complexes and innate lymphoid cells, which have been documented to drive disease. Finally, we list necroptotic competent cell types and their involvement in MLKL-driven cell death-associated and inflammatory-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Weir
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Hughes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Maryam Rashidi
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joanne M Hildebrand
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; The Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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20
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Chemical, Physical and Biological Triggers of Evolutionary Conserved Bcl-xL-Mediated Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061694. [PMID: 32630560 PMCID: PMC7352625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence that pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors prematurely kill virus-infected or RNA/DNA-transfected cells provides rationale for investigating these apoptotic inducers further. We hypothesized that not only invasive RNA or DNA (biological factors) but also DNA/RNA-damaging chemical or physical factors could trigger apoptosis that have been sensitized with pan-Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL-specific agents; Methods: We tested chemical and physical factors plus Bcl-xL-specific inhibitor A-1155463 in cells of various origins and the small roundworms (C. elegans); Results: We show that combination of a A-1155463 along with a DNA-damaging agent, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), prematurely kills cells of various origins as well as C. elegans. The synergistic effect is p53-dependent and associated with the release of Bad and Bax from Bcl-xL, which trigger mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Furthermore, we found that combining Bcl-xL-specific inhibitors with various chemical compounds or physical insults also induced cell death; Conclusions: Thus, we were able to identify several biological, chemical and physical triggers of the evolutionarily conserved Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic pathway, shedding light on strategies and targets for novel drug development.
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21
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Zhong P, Liu J, Li H, Lin S, Zeng L, Luo L, Wu M, Zhang W. MicroRNA-204-5p regulates apoptosis by targeting Bcl2 in rat ovarian granulosa cells exposed to cadmium†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:608-619. [PMID: 32500147 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether cadmium (Cd) cytotoxicity in rat ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) is mediated through apoptosis or autophagy and to determine the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in Cd cytotoxicity. To test this hypothesis, rat OGCs were exposed to 0, 10, and 20 μM CdCl2 in vitro. As the Cd concentration increased, OGC apoptosis increased. In addition, Cd promoted apoptosis by decreasing the mRNA and protein expression levels of inhibition of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2). However, under our experimental conditions, no autophagic changes in rat OGCs were observed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the autophagic markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (Map1lc3b) and Beclin1 (Becn1) were not changed. Microarray chip analysis, miRNA screening, and bioinformatics approaches were used to further explore the roles of apoptosis regulation-related miRNAs. In total, 19 miRNAs putatively related to Cd-induced apoptosis in rat OGCs were identified. Notably, miR-204-5p, which may target Bcl2, was identified. Then, rat OGCs were cultured in vitro and used to construct the miR-204-5p-knockdown cell line LV2-short hairpin RNA (shRNA). LV2-shRNA cells were exposed to 20 μM Cd for 12 h, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl2 were increased. Our findings suggest that Cd is cytotoxic to rat OGCs, and mitochondrial apoptosis rather than autophagy mediates Cd-induced damage to OGCs. Cd also affects apoptosis-related miRNAs, and the underlying apoptotic mechanism may involve the Bcl2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Health Management, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Senbin Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lingfeng Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Minxia Wu
- Department of Pathology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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Laghlali G, Lawlor KE, Tate MD. Die Another Way: Interplay between Influenza A Virus, Inflammation and Cell Death. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040401. [PMID: 32260457 PMCID: PMC7232208 DOI: 10.3390/v12040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major concern to human health due to the ongoing global threat of a pandemic. Inflammatory and cell death signalling pathways play important roles in host defence against IAV infection. However, severe IAV infections in humans are characterised by excessive inflammation and tissue damage, often leading to fatal disease. While the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of inflammation during IAV infection have been well studied, the pathways involved in IAV-induced cell death and their impact on immunopathology have not been fully elucidated. There is increasing evidence of significant crosstalk between cell death and inflammatory pathways and a greater understanding of their role in host defence and disease may facilitate the design of new treatments for IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Laghlali
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (G.L.); (K.E.L.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Kate E. Lawlor
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (G.L.); (K.E.L.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Michelle D. Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; (G.L.); (K.E.L.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-85722742
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23
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Novel Antiviral Activities of Obatoclax, Emetine, Niclosamide, Brequinar, and Homoharringtonine. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100964. [PMID: 31635418 PMCID: PMC6832696 DOI: 10.3390/v11100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the major causes of acute and chronic infectious diseases in the world. According to the World Health Organization, there is an urgent need for better control of viral diseases. Repurposing existing antiviral agents from one viral disease to another could play a pivotal role in this process. Here, we identified novel activities of obatoclax and emetine against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), echovirus 1 (EV1), human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in cell cultures. Moreover, we demonstrated novel activities of emetine against influenza A virus (FLUAV), niclosamide against HSV-2, brequinar against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), and homoharringtonine against EV1. Our findings may expand the spectrum of indications of these safe-in-man agents and reinforce the arsenal of available antiviral therapeutics pending the results of further in vitro and in vivo tests.
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Elbahesh H, Gerlach T, Saletti G, Rimmelzwaan GF. Response Modifiers: Tweaking the Immune Response Against Influenza A Virus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:809. [PMID: 31031778 PMCID: PMC6473099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite causing pandemics and yearly epidemics that result in significant morbidity and mortality, our arsenal of options to treat influenza A virus (IAV) infections remains limited and is challenged by the virus itself. While vaccination is the preferred intervention strategy against influenza, its efficacy is reduced in the elderly and infants who are most susceptible to severe and/or fatal infections. In addition, antigenic variation of IAV complicates the production of efficacious vaccines. Similarly, effectiveness of currently used antiviral drugs is jeopardized by the development of resistance to these drugs. Like many viruses, IAV is reliant on host factors and signaling-pathways for its replication, which could potentially offer alternative options to treat infections. While host-factors have long been recognized as attractive therapeutic candidates against other viruses, only recently they have been targeted for development as IAV antivirals. Future strategies to combat IAV infections will most likely include approaches that alter host-virus interactions on the one hand or dampen harmful host immune responses on the other, with the use of biological response modifiers (BRMs). In principle, BRMs are biologically active agents including antibodies, small peptides, and/or other (small) molecules that can influence the immune response. BRMs are already being used in the clinic to treat malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Repurposing such agents would allow for accelerated use against severe and potentially fatal IAV infections. In this review, we will address the potential therapeutic use of different BRM classes to modulate the immune response induced after IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlach
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
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25
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Manzano D, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Martín-Loeches I, Lorente JA. Influenza A: New Therapeutic Targets for a Deadly Disease. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 55:295-296. [PMID: 30409486 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ignacio Martín-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - José A Lorente
- Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain; Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Davidson S. Treating Influenza Infection, From Now and Into the Future. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1946. [PMID: 30250466 PMCID: PMC6139312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (IVs) are a continual threat to global health. The high mutation rate of the IV genome makes this virus incredibly successful, genetic drift allows for annual epidemics which result in thousands of deaths and millions of hospitalizations. Moreover, the emergence of new strains through genetic shift (e.g., swine-origin influenza A) can cause devastating global outbreaks of infection. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently used to treat IV infection and act directly on viral proteins to halt IV spread. However, effectivity is limited late in infection and drug resistance can develop. New therapies which target highly conserved features of IV such as antibodies to the stem region of hemagglutinin or the IV RNA polymerase inhibitor: Favipiravir are currently in clinical trials. Compared to NAIs, these treatments have a higher tolerance for resistance and a longer therapeutic window and therefore, may prove more effective. However, clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated that it is not just viral spread, but also the host inflammatory response and damage to the lung epithelium which dictate the outcome of IV infection. Therapeutic regimens for IV infection should therefore also regulate the host inflammatory response and protect epithelial cells from unnecessary cell death. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as etanercept, statins or cyclooxygenase enzyme 2 inhibitors may temper IV induced inflammation, demonstrating the possibility of repurposing these drugs as single or adjunct therapies for IV infection. IV binds to sialic acid receptors on the host cell surface to initiate infection and productive IV replication is primarily restricted to airway epithelial cells. Accordingly, targeting therapies to the epithelium will directly inhibit IV spread while minimizing off target consequences, such as over activation of immune cells. The neuraminidase mimic Fludase cleaves sialic acid receptors from the epithelium to inhibit IV entry to cells. While type III interferons activate an antiviral gene program in epithelial cells with minimal perturbation to the IV specific immune response. This review discusses the above-mentioned candidate anti-IV therapeutics and others at the preclinical and clinical trial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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27
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Zusinaite E, Ianevski A, Niukkanen D, Poranen MM, Bjørås M, Afset JE, Tenson T, Velagapudi V, Merits A, Kainov DE. A Systems Approach to Study Immuno- and Neuro-Modulatory Properties of Antiviral Agents. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080423. [PMID: 30103549 PMCID: PMC6116047 DOI: 10.3390/v10080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are dozens of approved, investigational and experimental antiviral agents. Many of these agents cause serious side effects, which can only be revealed after drug administration. Identification of the side effects prior to drug administration is challenging. Here we describe an ex vivo approach for studying immuno- and neuro-modulatory properties of antiviral agents, which may be associated with potential side effects of these therapeutics. The current approach combines drug toxicity/efficacy tests and transcriptomics, which is followed by mRNA, cytokine and metabolite profiling. We demonstrated the utility of this approach with several examples of antiviral agents. We also showed that the approach can utilize different immune stimuli and cell types. It can also include other omics techniques, such as genomics and epigenomics, to allow identification of individual markers associated with adverse reactions to antivirals with immuno- and neuro-modulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Diana Niukkanen
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Minna M Poranen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan Egil Afset
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia.
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7028 Trondheim, Norway.
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28
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Antiviral Properties of Chemical Inhibitors of Cellular Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100271. [PMID: 28946654 PMCID: PMC5691623 DOI: 10.3390/v9100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral diseases, new treatments are urgently needed. Here we show that small-molecules, which inhibit cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bcl-2i), induced the premature death of cells infected with different RNA or DNA viruses, whereas, at the same concentrations, no toxicity was observed in mock-infected cells. Moreover, these compounds limited viral replication and spread. Surprisingly, Bcl-2i also induced the premature apoptosis of cells transfected with viral RNA or plasmid DNA but not of mock-transfected cells. These results suggest that Bcl-2i sensitizes cells containing foreign RNA or DNA to apoptosis. A comparison of the toxicity, antiviral activity, and side effects of six Bcl-2i allowed us to select A-1155463 as an antiviral lead candidate. Thus, our results pave the way for the further development of Bcl-2i for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
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29
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Shim JM, Kim J, Tenson T, Min JY, Kainov DE. Influenza Virus Infection, Interferon Response, Viral Counter-Response, and Apoptosis. Viruses 2017; 9:E223. [PMID: 28805681 PMCID: PMC5580480 DOI: 10.3390/v9080223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics, which remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. To combat the surge of viral outbreaks, new treatments are urgently needed. Developing new virus control modalities requires better understanding of virus-host interactions. Here, we describe how IAV infection triggers cellular apoptosis and how this process can be exploited towards the development of new therapeutics, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
| | - Tanel Tenson
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
| | - Ji-Young Min
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institut Pasteur Korea, Gyeonggi-do 13488, Korea.
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7028, Norway.
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30
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Gaelings L, Söderholm S, Bugai A, Fu Y, Nandania J, Schepens B, Lorey MB, Tynell J, Vande Ginste L, Le Goffic R, Miller MS, Kuisma M, Marjomäki V, De Brabander J, Matikainen S, Nyman TA, Bamford DH, Saelens X, Julkunen I, Paavilainen H, Hukkanen V, Velagapudi V, Kainov DE. Regulation of kynurenine biosynthesis during influenza virus infection. FEBS J 2016; 284:222-236. [PMID: 27860276 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) remain serious threats to public health because of the shortage of effective means of control. Developing more effective virus control modalities requires better understanding of virus-host interactions. It has previously been shown that IAV induces the production of kynurenine, which suppresses T-cell responses, enhances pain hypersensitivity and disturbs behaviour in infected animals. However, the regulation of kynurenine biosynthesis during IAV infection remains elusive. Here we showed that IAV infection induced expression of interferons (IFNs), which upregulated production of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), which catalysed the kynurenine biosynthesis. Furthermore, IAV attenuated the IDO1 expression and the production of kynurenine through its NS1 protein. Interestingly, inhibition of viral replication prior to IFN induction limited IDO1 expression, while inhibition after did not. Finally, we showed that kynurenine biosynthesis was activated in macrophages in response to other stimuli, such as influenza B virus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 as well as bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Thus, the tight regulation of the kynurenine biosynthesis by host cell and, perhaps, pathogen might be a basic signature of a wide range of host-pathogen interactions, which should be taken into account during development of novel antiviral and antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Gaelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology (BI), University of Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (TTL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrii Bugai
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jatin Nandania
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bert Schepens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Martina B Lorey
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (TTL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Tynell
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liesbeth Vande Ginste
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Centre de Recherche de Jouy-en-Josas UR0892 Unité VIM - Virologie & Immunologie Moléculaires, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marika Kuisma
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jef De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis H Bamford
- Institute of Biotechnology (BI), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Söderholm S, Fu Y, Gaelings L, Belanov S, Yetukuri L, Berlinkov M, Cheltsov AV, Anders S, Aittokallio T, Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Kainov DE. Multi-Omics Studies towards Novel Modulators of Influenza A Virus-Host Interaction. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100269. [PMID: 27690086 PMCID: PMC5086605 DOI: 10.3390/v8100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics. These viruses evolve rapidly, making current treatment options ineffective. To identify novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, we re-analyzed our recent transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and genomics/virtual ligand screening data. We identified 713 potential modulators targeting 199 cellular and two viral proteins. Anti-influenza activity for 48 of them has been reported previously, whereas the antiviral efficacy of the 665 remains unknown. Studying anti-influenza efficacy and immuno/neuro-modulating properties of these compounds and their combinations as well as potential viral and host resistance to them may lead to the discovery of novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Sergey Belanov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Berlinkov
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620083, Russia.
| | - Anton V Cheltsov
- Q-Mol L.L.C. in Silico Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
| | | | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00015, Finland.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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32
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Anastasina M, Le May N, Bugai A, Fu Y, Söderholm S, Gaelings L, Ohman T, Tynell J, Kyttänen S, Barboric M, Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Julkunen I, Butcher SJ, Egly JM, Kainov DE. Influenza virus NS1 protein binds cellular DNA to block transcription of antiviral genes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1440-1448. [PMID: 27664935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza NS1 protein is an important virulence factor that is capable of binding double-stranded (ds) RNA and inhibiting dsRNA-mediated host innate immune responses. Here we show that NS1 can also bind cellular dsDNA. This interaction prevents loading of transcriptional machinery to the DNA, thereby attenuating IAV-mediated expression of antiviral genes. Thus, we identified a previously undescribed strategy, by which RNA virus inhibits cellular transcription to escape antiviral response and secure its replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anastasina
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Nicolas Le May
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute for genetics, molecular and cellular biology (IGBMC), Strasbourg 67404, France
| | - Andrii Bugai
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Tiina Ohman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Janne Tynell
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Suvi Kyttänen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Matjaz Barboric
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sognsvannsveien 20, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Medicum, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki 00271, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Sarah J Butcher
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jean-Marc Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institute for genetics, molecular and cellular biology (IGBMC), Strasbourg 67404, France.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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33
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Söderholm S, Kainov DE, Öhman T, Denisova OV, Schepens B, Kulesskiy E, Imanishi SY, Corthals G, Hintsanen P, Aittokallio T, Saelens X, Matikainen S, Nyman TA. Phosphoproteomics to Characterize Host Response During Influenza A Virus Infection of Human Macrophages. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3203-3219. [PMID: 27486199 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.057984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause infections in the human respiratory tract and give rise to annual seasonal outbreaks, as well as more rarely dreaded pandemics. Influenza A viruses become quickly resistant to the virus-directed antiviral treatments, which are the current main treatment options. A promising alternative approach is to target host cell factors that are exploited by influenza viruses. To this end, we characterized the phosphoproteome of influenza A virus infected primary human macrophages to elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways and critical host factors activated upon influenza infection. We identified 1675 phosphoproteins, 4004 phosphopeptides and 4146 nonredundant phosphosites. The phosphorylation of 1113 proteins (66%) was regulated upon infection, highlighting the importance of such global phosphoproteomic profiling in primary cells. Notably, 285 of the identified phosphorylation sites have not been previously described in publicly available phosphorylation databases, despite many published large-scale phosphoproteome studies using human and mouse cell lines. Systematic bioinformatics analysis of the phosphoproteome data indicated that the phosphorylation of proteins involved in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway (such as TRIM22 and TRIM25) and antiviral responses (such as MAVS) changed in infected macrophages. Proteins known to play roles in small GTPase-, mitogen-activated protein kinase-, and cyclin-dependent kinase- signaling were also regulated by phosphorylation upon infection. In particular, the influenza infection had a major influence on the phosphorylation profiles of a large number of cyclin-dependent kinase substrates. Functional studies using cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors showed that the cyclin-dependent kinase activity is required for efficient viral replication and for activation of the host antiviral responses. In addition, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors protect IAV-infected mice from death. In conclusion, we provide the first comprehensive phosphoproteome characterization of influenza A virus infection in primary human macrophages, and provide evidence that cyclin-dependent kinases represent potential therapeutic targets for more effective treatment of influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- From the ‡Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; §Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Denis E Kainov
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Öhman
- From the ‡Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oxana V Denisova
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bert Schepens
- ‖Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; **Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, B-9052 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Kulesskiy
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susumu Y Imanishi
- ‡‡Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Garry Corthals
- ‡‡Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Hintsanen
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- ¶Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Saelens
- ‖Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent (Zwijnaarde), Belgium; **Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, B-9052 Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- §§Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- From the ‡Institute of Biotechnology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; ¶¶Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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34
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Söderholm S, Anastasina M, Islam MM, Tynell J, Poranen MM, Bamford DH, Stenman J, Julkunen I, Šaulienė I, De Brabander JK, Matikainen S, Nyman TA, Saelens X, Kainov D. Immuno-modulating properties of saliphenylhalamide, SNS-032, obatoclax, and gemcitabine. Antiviral Res 2015; 126:69-80. [PMID: 26738783 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) impact the public health and global economy by causing yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics. Several anti-IAV drugs are available and many are in development. However, the question remains which of these antiviral agents may allow activation of immune responses and protect patients against co- and re-infections. To answer to this question, we analysed immuno-modulating properties of the antivirals saliphenylhalamide (SaliPhe), SNS-032, obatoclax, and gemcitabine, and found that only gemcitabine did not impair immune responses in infected cells. It also allowed activation of innate immune responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon alpha (IFNα)-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, immuno-mediators produced by gemcitabine-treated IAV-infected macrophages were able to prime immune responses in non-infected cells. Thus, we identified an antiviral agent which might be beneficial for treatment of patients with severe viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (TTL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Anastasina
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Janne Tynell
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dennis H Bamford
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ingrida Šaulienė
- Department of Environmental Research, Siauliai University, Siauliai, Lithuania
| | - Jef K De Brabander
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | | | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denis Kainov
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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35
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Raffeiner P, Röck R, Schraffl A, Hartl M, Hart JR, Janda KD, Vogt PK, Stefan E, Bister K. In vivo quantification and perturbation of Myc-Max interactions and the impact on oncogenic potential. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8869-78. [PMID: 25326649 PMCID: PMC4253403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic bHLH-LZ transcription factor Myc forms binary complexes with its binding partner Max. These and other bHLH-LZ-based protein-protein interactions (PPI) in the Myc-Max network are essential for the physiological and oncogenic activities of Myc. We have generated a genetically determined and highly specific protein-fragment complementation assay based on Renilla luciferase to analyze the dynamic interplay of bHLH-LZ transcription factors Myc, Max, and Mxd1 in vivo. We also applied this PPI reporter to quantify alterations of nuclear Myc-Max complexes in response to mutational events, competitive binding by the transcriptional repressor Mxd1, or perturbations by small-molecule Myc inhibitors, including recently identified potent PPI inhibitors from a Kröhnke pyridine library. We show that the specificity of Myc-Max PPI reduction by the pyridine inhibitors directly correlates with their efficient and highly specific potential to interfere with the proliferation of human and avian tumor cells displaying deregulated Myc expression. In a direct comparison with known Myc inhibitors using human and avian cell systems, the pyridine compounds reveal a unique inhibitory potential even at sub-micromolar concentrations combined with remarkable specificity for the inhibition of Myc-driven tumor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we show in direct comparisons using defined avian cell systems that different Max PPI profiles for the variant members of the Myc protein family (c-Myc, v-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc) correlate with their diverse oncogenic potential and their variable sensitivity to the novel pyridine inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Raffeiner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Röck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Schraffl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jonathan R Hart
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kim D Janda
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peter K Vogt
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Bister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Anastasina M, Schepens B, Söderholm S, Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Saksela K, Saelens X, Kainov DE. The C terminus of NS1 protein of influenza A/WSN/1933(H1N1) virus modulates antiviral responses in infected human macrophages and mice. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2086-2091. [PMID: 25934792 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-structural protein NS1 of influenza A viruses interacts with cellular factors through its N-terminal RNA-binding, middle effector and C-terminal non-structured domains. NS1 attenuates antiviral responses in infected cells and thereby secures efficient virus replication. Some influenza strains express C-terminally truncated NS1 proteins due to nonsense mutations in the NS1 gene. To understand the role of the NS1 C-terminal region in regulation of antiviral responses, we engineered influenza viruses expressing C-terminally truncated NS1 proteins using A/WSN/33(H1N1) reverse genetics and tested them in human macrophages and in mice. We showed that a WSN virus expressing NS1 with a 28 aa deletion from its C terminus is a more powerful inducer of antiviral responses than the virus expressing full-length NS1, or one with a 10 aa truncation of NS1 in vitro. Thus, our findings suggest that the C-terminal region of NS1 is essential for regulation of antiviral responses. Moreover, viruses expressing truncated NS1 proteins could be good vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anastasina
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Bert Schepens
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Söderholm
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.,The Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI- 00014, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- The Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI- 00014, Finland
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Unit of Systems Toxicology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland
| | - Kalle Saksela
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent 9000, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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Akt inhibitor MK2206 prevents influenza pH1N1 virus infection in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:3689-96. [PMID: 24752266 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02798-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza pH1N1 virus caused a global flu pandemic in 2009 and continues manifestation as a seasonal virus. Better understanding of the virus-host cell interaction could result in development of better prevention and treatment options. Here we show that the Akt inhibitor MK2206 blocks influenza pH1N1 virus infection in vitro. In particular, at noncytotoxic concentrations, MK2206 alters Akt signaling and inhibits endocytic uptake of the virus. Interestingly, MK2206 is unable to inhibit H3N2, H7N9, and H5N1 viruses, indicating that pH1N1 evolved specific requirements for efficient infection. Thus, Akt signaling could be exploited further for development of better therapeutics against pH1N1 virus.
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