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Zieniuk B, Pawełkowicz M. Recent Advances in the Application of Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents. Metabolites 2023; 13:1081. [PMID: 37887406 PMCID: PMC10608718 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are tetracyclic triterpenoid secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae family. These bitter-tasting compounds act primarily as defense mechanisms against external injuries, and thus against herbivores, and furthermore, they have also found use in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Many studies have acknowledged significant biological activities of cucurbitacins, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, antimicrobial properties, or antitumor potential. Overall, cucurbitacins have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Both in vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity of varied cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins offer a promising avenue for future cancer treatment strategies, and their diverse mechanisms of action make them attractive candidates for further investigation. The aim of the present study is to shed light on the chemical diversity of this group of compounds by providing the sources of origin of selected compounds and their chemical structure, as well as insight into their anticancer potential. In addition, within this paper molecular targets for cucurbitacins and signalling pathways important for cancer cell proliferation and/or survival that are affected by the described class of compounds have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Cucurbitacins as potential anticancer agents: new insights on molecular mechanisms. J Transl Med 2022; 20:630. [PMID: 36585670 PMCID: PMC9805216 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, plants have been an extensive reservoir of bioactive compounds with therapeutic interest for new drug development and clinical application. Cucurbitacins are a compelling example of these drug leads, primarily present in the plant kingdom, especially in the Cucurbitaceae family. However, these natural compounds are also known in several genera within other plant families. Beyond the Cucurbitaceae family, they are also present in other plant families, as well as in some fungi and one shell-less marine mollusc. Despite the natural abundance of cucurbitacins in different natural species, their obtaining and isolation is limited, as a result, an increase in their chemical synthesis has been developed by researchers. Data on cucurbitacins and their anticancer activities were collected from databases such as PubMed/MedLine, TRIP database, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect and the information was arranged sequentially for a better understanding of the antitumor potential. The results of the studies showed that cucurbitacins have significant biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimalarial, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and antitumor potential. In conclusion, there are several studies, both in vitro and in vivo reporting this important anticancer/chemopreventive potential; hence a comprehensive review on this topic is recommended for future clinical research.
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Kashani E, Vassella E. Pleiotropy of PP2A Phosphatases in Cancer with a Focus on Glioblastoma IDH Wildtype. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5227. [PMID: 36358647 PMCID: PMC9654311 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/Threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric (or occasionally, heterodimeric) phosphatase with pleiotropic functions and ubiquitous expression. Despite the fact that they all contribute to protein dephosphorylation, multiple PP2A complexes exist which differ considerably by their subcellular localization and their substrate specificity, suggesting diverse PP2A functions. PP2A complex formation is tightly regulated by means of gene expression regulation by transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications. Furthermore, a constant competition between PP2A regulatory subunits is taking place dynamically and depending on the spatiotemporal circumstance; many of the integral subunits can outcompete the rest, subjecting them to proteolysis. PP2A modulation is especially important in the context of brain tumors due to its ability to modulate distinct glioma-promoting signal transduction pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, Wnt, Ras, NF-κb, etc. Furthermore, PP2A is also implicated in DNA repair and survival pathways that are activated upon treatment of glioma cells with chemo-radiation. Depending on the cancer cell type, preclinical studies have shown some promise in utilising PP2A activator or PP2A inhibitors to overcome therapy resistance. This review has a special focus on "glioblastoma, IDH wild-type" (GBM) tumors, for which the therapy options have limited efficacy, and tumor relapse is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kashani
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Vassella
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Zhan J, Wu S, Zhao X, Jing J. A Novel DNA Damage Repair-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Glioma Prognosis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 14:10083-10101. [PMID: 34992431 PMCID: PMC8711246 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s343839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is one of the most prevalent tumors in the central nervous system of adults and shows a poor prognosis. This study aimed to develop a DNA damage repair (DDR)-related gene signature to evaluate the prognosis of glioma patients. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted based on 276 DDR genes. Then, a gene signature was developed for the survival prediction in glioma patients by means of univariate, multivariate Cox, and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation (Lasso) analyses. After analyzing the clinical parameters, a nomogram was constructed and assessed. A total of 693 gliomas from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were used for external validation. In addition, we used glioma tumor tissues for qPCR experiment to verify. Results A 12-DDR-related gene signature was identified from the 75 DEGs to stratify the survival risk of glioma patients. The overall survival of high-risk group was significantly shorter than that of low-risk group (P < 0.001). Besides, according to the risk score assessment, patients in high- or low-risk group also had significant correlations with clinicopathological parameters, including age (P < 0.01), grade (P < 0.001), IDH status (P < 0.001) and 1p19q codeletion status (P < 0.001). The nomogram provided favorable C-index and calibration plots. The C-index of training set and verification set was 0.761 and 0.746, respectively, and the calibration curve also showed that both training set and verification set were close to the standard curve. The qPCR results showed that there were significant differences in the expression of some typical DDR-related genes in tumor tissues and paracancer tissues (P(WEE1)=0.0002, P(RECQL)=0.0117, P(RPA1)=0.021, P(RRM1)=0.0035, P(PARP4)=0.0006, P(ELOA)=0.0023). Conclusion Our study developed a novel 12 DDR-related gene signature as a practical prognostic predictor for glioma patients. A nomogram combining the signature and clinical parameters was established as an individual clinical prediction tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Zhan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Mathematical Computer Teaching and Research Office, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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5
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Patel K, Murray MG, Whelan KA. Roles for GADD45 in Development and Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1360:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-94804-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Ferreira WAS, Burbano RR, do Ó Pessoa C, Harada ML, do Nascimento Borges B, de Oliveira EHC. Pisosterol Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis via the ATM/ATR Signaling Pathway in Human Glioma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:734-750. [PMID: 32013837 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200203160117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pisosterol, a triterpene derived from Pisolithus tinctorius, exhibits potential antitumor activity in various malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the pisosterol-specific effects on glioma cells remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the antitumoral effects of pisosterol on glioma cell lines. METHODS The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the effect of pisosterol on cell proliferation and viability in glioma cells. The effect of pisosterol on the distribution of the cells in the cell cycle was performed by flow cytometry. The expression and methylation pattern of the promoter region of MYC, ATM, BCL2, BMI1, CASP3, CDK1, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CHEK1, MDM2, p14ARF and TP53 was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blotting and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP-PCR). RESULTS Here, it has been reported that pisosterol markedly induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis and decreased the cell viability and proliferation potential of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the expression of ATM, CASP3, CDK1, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, CHEK1, p14ARF and TP53 and decreasing the expression of MYC, BCL2, BMI1 and MDM2. Pisosterol also triggered both caspase-independent and caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and activating caspase-3 and p53. CONCLUSION It has been, for the first time, confirmed that the ATM/ATR signaling pathway is a critical mechanism for G2/M arrest in pisosterol-induced glioma cell cycle arrest and suggests that this compound might be a promising anticancer candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallax A S Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenetica, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Rommel R Burbano
- Laboratório de Citogenética Humana, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Claudia do Ó Pessoa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Maria L Harada
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular Francisco Mauro Salzano, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Nascimento Borges
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular Francisco Mauro Salzano, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Para, Belem, Para, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo H Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Cultura de Tecidos e Citogenetica, SAMAM, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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7
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Haque A, Brazeau D, Amin AR. Perspectives on natural compounds in chemoprevention and treatment of cancer: an update with new promising compounds. Eur J Cancer 2021; 149:165-183. [PMID: 33865202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second deadliest disease worldwide. Although recent advances applying precision treatments with targeted (molecular and immune) agents are promising, the histological and molecular heterogeneity of cancer cells and huge mutational burdens (intrinsic or acquired after therapy) leading to drug resistance and treatment failure are posing continuous challenges. These recent advances do not negate the need for alternative approaches such as chemoprevention, the pharmacological approach to reverse, suppress or prevent the initial phases of carcinogenesis or the progression of premalignant cells to invasive disease by using non-toxic agents. Although data are limited, the success of several clinical trials in preventing cancer in high-risk populations suggests that chemoprevention is a rational, appealing and viable strategy to prevent carcinogenesis. Particularly among higher-risk groups, the use of safe, non-toxic agents is the utmost consideration because these individuals have not yet developed invasive disease. Natural dietary compounds present in fruits, vegetables and spices are especially attractive for chemoprevention and treatment because of their easy availability, high margin of safety, relatively low cost and widespread human consumption. Hundreds of such compounds have been widely investigated for chemoprevention and treatment in the last few decades. Previously, we reviewed the most widely studied natural compounds and their molecular mechanisms, which were highly exploited by the cancer research community. In the time since our initial review, many promising new compounds have been identified. In this review, we critically review these promising new natural compounds, their molecular targets and mechanisms of anticancer activity that may create novel opportunities for further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Brazeau
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Arm R Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Ramezani M, Hasani M, Ramezani F, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Cucurbitacins: A Focus on Cucurbitacin E As A Natural Product and Their Biological Activities. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last years, different types of cucurbitacins have been extracted from various species of Cucurbitaceae family. For this review, all related papers were accumulated by searching electronic databases in the English language, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords of cucurbitacin, cucumber anticancer therapy, cytotoxic effects, chemotherapy, and inhibitor effect were searched until February 2020. According to the result of this review, cucurbitacin E as a tetracyclic triterpenes compound, has been exhibited cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It showed tumor proliferation prevention, induction of apoptosis or synergistically acts with other established antitumor compounds and cytokines throughout many molecular mechanisms. In a function-structure association manner, cucurbitacin E can inhibit Janus kinas2 (JAK2) phosphorylation, the signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequently block these pathways, which seems to be the main mechanism of its activity. Future studies could target its detection in uninvestigated sources, subsequently its derivatives to improve their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Cao H, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q. Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:599-629. [PMID: 31400262 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190809221332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, especially its most malignant type, Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most common and the most aggressive malignant tumour in the central nervous system. Currently, we have no specific therapies that can significantly improve its dismal prognosis. Recent studies have reported promising in vitro experimental results of several novel glioma-targeting drugs; these studies are encouraging to both researchers and patients. However, clinical trials have revealed that novel compounds that focus on a single, clear glioma genetic alteration may not achieve a satisfactory outcome or have side effects that are unbearable. Based on this consensus, phytochemicals that exhibit multiple bioactivities have recently attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) have shown that phytocompounds inhibit glioma angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and tumour proliferation; these results suggest a novel drug therapeutic strategy. However, single phytocompounds or their direct usage may not reverse comprehensive malignancy due to poor histological penetrability or relatively unsatisfactory in vivo efficiency. Recent research that has employed temozolomide combination treatment and Nanoparticles (NPs) with phytocompounds has revealed a powerful dual-target therapy and a high blood-brain barrier penetrability, which is accompanied by low side effects and strong specific targeting. This review is focused on major phytocompounds that have contributed to glioma-targeting treatment in recent years and their role in drug resistance inhibition, as well as novel drug delivery systems for clinical strategies. Lastly, we summarize a possible research strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Kundu M, Das S, Dhara D, Mandal M. Prospect of natural products in glioma: A novel avenue in glioma management. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2571-2584. [PMID: 31359523 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most perplexing cancers because of its infiltrating nature, molecular signaling, and location in central nervous system. Blood-brain barrier acts as a natural barrier to the glioma making it difficult to access by conventional chemotherapy. Clinicians are using natural compounds or their derivatives for several diseases including different cancers. However, the feasibility of using natural compounds in glioma is not explored in details. Natural compounds can act over a wide variety of signaling pathways such as survival and metabolic pathways and induce cell death. Some of the natural agents have additional benefits of crossing biological barriers such as blood-brain barrier with ease having few or no impact on the surrounding healthy cells. All of these benefits make natural compounds a prospective candidate for the glioma management. This article evaluates the benefits of using natural compounds for glioma therapy and their possible mechanism of actions. We have discussed the natural compounds assessed currently for glioma therapy and proposed a few novel natural compounds with potential antiglioma effect based on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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11
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Silano V, Barat Baviera JM, Bolognesi C, Brüschweiler BJ, Cocconcelli PS, Crebelli R, Gott DM, Grob K, Lampi E, Mortensen A, Rivière G, Steffensen IL, Tlustos C, Van Loveren H, Vernis L, Zorn H, Glandorf B, Herman L, Penninks A, Arcella D, Liu Y, Maia J, Chesson A. Safety evaluation of the food enzyme l-ascorbate oxidase from Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05740. [PMID: 32626358 PMCID: PMC7009204 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The food enzyme l-ascorbate: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.10.3.3) is extracted from fruit peels of Cucurbita pepo L. and Cucurbita moschata Duchesne by Nagase (Europa) GmbH. This enzyme is intended to be used in baking and cereal-based processes. Based on maximum use levels recommended for the respective food processes and individual data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme-total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 5.950 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. This exposure is in the same order of magnitude for infants and toddlers; but for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly it is one order of magnitude higher than the exposure to the fraction of the fruit peels comparable to the food enzyme-TOS. The Panel, while recognising the order of magnitude of difference in the exposure estimates, considers that any realistic exposure derived from the use of the food enzyme would be considerably lower and likely to be within the range of exposure through a typical diet. The Panel agreed that the requirements for exclusion of toxicological data were met. Amino acid sequence similarity to known allergens was searched and no match was found. The Panel considered that the risk of allergic sensitisation and elicitation reactions upon dietary exposure to this food enzyme cannot be excluded, but are not expected to exceed the likelihood of the allergic reactions following consumption of pumpkin or zucchini per se, which is low. Based on the data provided and the origin of the food enzyme from edible parts of C. pepo L. and C. moschata Duchesne, the Panel considers that the food enzyme l-ascorbate oxidase does not raise safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
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12
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Theochares B, Vohnoutka R, Boumil E, Shea TB. Beneficial and Deleterious Impact of a Nutritional Supplementation for Inhibition of Proliferation of Neuroblastoma in Culture. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1345-1354. [PMID: 31058554 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1604006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system, primarily affects infants and children ≤10 yr of age. High-risk neuroblastoma is associated with low survival rates and increased risks of treatment-related side-effects. Therefore, effective treatments that increase survival and reduce adverse side-effects are crucial. Cucurbitacin E (CucE), a nutritional supplement shown to have potential as an alternative to chemotherapy, was investigated for potential impact on neuroblastoma alone and in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, (PAC). CucE and PAC each inhibited proliferation of murine neuroblastoma cells in culture. Combined treatment with CucE and PAC also induced morphological differentiation. However, both differentiation and antiproliferative effects were reversible. Consequently, while nutritional supplementation represents a potential therapeutic approach toward treatment of cancer, certain nutritional/chemotherapeutic combinations may induce transient rather than permanent effects. Transient inhibition of proliferation by nutritional supplementation could inadvertently protect carcinogenic cells from toxicity otherwise induced by a chemotherapeutic agent. Combinatorial treatments involving nutritional supplements should therefore be utilized with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Theochares
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Rishel Vohnoutka
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Edward Boumil
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Thomas B Shea
- Laboratory for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell , One University Avenue , Lowell , Massachusetts , USA
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13
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Cheng AC, Hsu YC, Tsai CC. The effects of cucurbitacin E on GADD45β-trigger G2/M arrest and JNK-independent pathway in brain cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3512-3519. [PMID: 30912292 PMCID: PMC6484297 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE), an active compound of the cucurbitacin family, possesses a variety of pharmacological functions and chemotherapy potential. Cucurbitacin E exhibits inhibitory effects in several types of cancer; however, its anticancer effects on brain cancer remain obscure and require further interpretation. In this study, efforts were initiated to inspect whether CuE can contribute to anti-proliferation in human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells and glioblastoma-astrocytoma U-87-MG cells. An MTT assay measured CuE's inhibitory effect on the growth of glioblastomas (GBMs). A flow cytometry approach was used for the assessment of DNA content and cell cycle analysis. DNA damage 45β (GADD45β) gene expression and CDC2/cyclin-B1 disassociation were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Based on our results, CuE showed growth-inhibiting effects on GBM 8401 and U-87-MG cells. Moreover, GADD45β caused the accumulation of CuE-treated G2/M-phase cells. The disassociation of the CDC2/cyclin-B1 complex demonstrated the known effects of CuE against GBM 8401 and U-87-MG cancer cells. Additionally, CuE may also exert antitumour activities in established brain cancer cells. In conclusion, CuE inhibited cell proliferation and induced mitosis delay in cancer cells, suggesting its potential applicability as an antitumour agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Chin Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Department of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Chin Tsai
- Department of General Surgery, Tainan Sin Lau Hospital, The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health Care Administration, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Park C, Yoo H, Kim JH, Hong K. Cytotoxic Potential and Molecular Pathway Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Colon Cancer Cells HCT116. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2269. [PMID: 30072642 PMCID: PMC6121495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained attention for use in cancer therapy. In this study, AgNPs were biosynthesized using naringenin. We investigated the anti-colon cancer activities of biogenic AgNPs through transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing, and the mechanisms of AgNPs in regulating colon cancer cell growth. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV⁻visible spectroscopy (UV⁻vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs were spherical with sizes of 2⁻10 nm. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the AgNPs in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were very effective at low concentrations. The viability and proliferation of colon cancer cells treated with 5 µg/mL biogenic AgNPs were reduced by 50%. Increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased dead-cell protease activity and ATP generation were observed. This impaired mitochondrial function and DNA damage led to cell death. The AgNPs upregulated and downregulated the most highly ranked biological processes of oxidation⁻reduction and cell-cycle regulation, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that AgNPs upregulated GADD45G in the p53 pathway. Thus, the AgNP tumor suppressive effects were mediated by cell apoptosis following DNA damage, as well as by mitochondrial dysfunction and cell-cycle arrest following aberrant regulation of p53 effector proteins. It is of interest to mention that, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report demonstrating cellular responses and molecular pathways analysis of AgNPs in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Chanhyeok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hyunjin Yoo
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Humanized Pig Center (SRC), Konkuk Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Vastrad C, Vastrad B. Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles to diagnose crucial and novel genes in glioblastoma multiform. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1395-1461. [PMID: 30097214 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therefore, the current study aimed to diagnose the genes associated in the pathogenesis of GBM. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were diagnosed using the limma software package. The ToppFun was used to perform pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, extracted modules, miRNA-target genes regulatory network and miRNA-target genes regulatory network were used to obtain insight into the actions of DEGs. Survival analysis for DEGs carried out. A total of 701 DEGs, including 413 upregulated and 288 downregulated genes, were diagnosed between U1118MG cell line (PK 11195 treated with 1 h exposure) and U1118MG cell line (PK 11195 treated with 24 h exposure). The up-regulated genes were enriched in superpathway of pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis, cell cycle, cell cycle process and chromosome. The down-regulated genes were enriched in folate transformations I, biosynthesis of amino acids, cellular amino acid metabolic process and vacuolar membrane. The current study screened the genes in PPI network, extracted modules, miRNA-target genes regulatory network and miRNA-target genes regulatory network with higher degrees as hub genes, which included MYC, TERF2IP, CDK1, EEF1G, TXNIP, SLC1A5, RGS4 and IER5L Survival suggested that low expressed NR4A2, SLC7 A5, CYR61 and ID1 in patients with GBM was linked with a positive prognosis for overall survival. In conclusion, the current study could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of GBM, and these crucial as well as new molecular markers might be used as therapeutic targets for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, 580001, Karanataka, India.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580002, India
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16
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Ahmad R, Ahmad N, Naqvi AA, Shehzad A, Al-Ghamdi MS. Role of traditional Islamic and Arabic plants in cancer therapy. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:195-204. [PMID: 28417090 PMCID: PMC5388086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ETHNO PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review article underlines individual Traditional Islamic and Arabic plant (TAI) and their role in treating cancer. The aim of the study is to specifically evaluate the progress of herbs, Arabic and Islamic traditional herbs in particular, applied in cancer treatment, so far. MATERIALS AND METHODS Islamic and Arabic plants were selected and identified through different literature survey using "Google scholar", "Web of science", "Scopus" and "PubMed". Each plant, from identified Arabic and Islamic plants list, was search individually for the most cited articles in the aforementioned databases using the keywords, "Anticancer", "Uses in cancer treatment", "Ethno pharmacological importance in cancer" etc. RESULTS The current review about Islamic and Arabic plants illuminates the importance of Islamic and Arabic plants and their impact in treating cancer. There is a long list of Islamic and Arabic plants used in cancer as mentioned in review with enormous amount of literature. Each plant has been investigated for its anticancer potential. The literature survey as mentioned in table shows; these plants are widely utilized in cancer as a whole, a part thereof or in the form of isolated chemical constituent. CONCLUSIONS This review strongly supports the fact; Arabic and Islamic traditional plants have emerged as a good source of complementary and alternative medicine in treating cancer. Traditional Arab-Islamic herbal-based medicines might be promising for new cancer therapeutics with low toxicity and minimal side effects. The plants used are mostly in crude form and still needs advance research for the isolation of phytochemicals and establishing its cellular and molecular role in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niyaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mastour Safer Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are extremely lethal and still poorly treated primary brain tumors, characterized by the presence of highly tumorigenic cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations, considered responsible for tumor relapse. In order to successfully eradicate GBM growth and recurrence, new anti-cancer strategies selectively targeting CSCs should be designed. CSCs might be eradicated by targeting some of their cell surface markers and transporters, inducing their differentiation, impacting their hyper-glycolytic metabolism, inhibiting CSC-related signaling pathways and/or by targeting their microenvironmental niche. In this regard, phytocompounds such as curcumin, isothiocyanates, resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been shown to prevent or reverse cancer-related epigenetic dysfunctions, reducing tumorigenesis, preventing metastasis and/or increasing chemotherapy and radiotherapy efficacy. However, the actual bioavailability and metabolic processing of phytocompounds is generally unknown, and the presence of the blood brain barrier often represents a limitation to glioma treatments. Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) can be loaded with therapeutic compounds such as phytochemicals, improving their bioavailability and their targeted delivery within the GBM tumor bulk. Moreover, NPs can be designed to increase their tropism and specificity toward CSCs by conjugating their surface with antibodies specific for CSC antigens, with ligands or with glucose analogues. Here we discuss the use of phytochemicals as anti-glioma agents and the applicability of phytochemical-loaded NPs as drug delivery systems to target GBM. Additionally, we provide some examples on how NPs can be specifically formulated to improve CSC targeting.
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Cheng YM, Tsai CC, Hsu YC. Sulforaphane, a Dietary Isothiocyanate, Induces G₂/M Arrest in Cervical Cancer Cells through CyclinB1 Downregulation and GADD45β/CDC2 Association. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091530. [PMID: 27626412 PMCID: PMC5037805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cervical cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women. The main treatment methods for this type of cancer include conization or hysterectomy procedures. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural, compound-based drug derived from dietary isothiocyanates which has previously been shown to possess potent anti-tumor and chemopreventive effects against several types of cancer. The present study investigated the effects of SFN on anti-proliferation and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in cervical cancer cell lines (Cx, CxWJ, and HeLa). We found that cytotoxicity is associated with an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases of the cell-cycle. Treatment with SFN led to cell cycle arrest as well as the down-regulation of Cyclin B1 expression, but not of CDC2 expression. In addition, the effects of GADD45β gene activation in cell cycle arrest increase proportionally with the dose of SFN; however, mitotic delay and the inhibition of proliferation both depend on the dosage of SFN used to treat cancer cells. These results indicate that SFN may delay the development of cancer by arresting cell growth in the G2/M phase via down-regulation of Cyclin B1 gene expression, dissociation of the cyclin B1/CDC2 complex, and up-regulation of GADD45β proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi 61333, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
- Bachelor Degree Program of Medical Sciences Industry, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan.
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Tsai CC, Qiu JT, Tseng CW, Hsu YC. Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy with cisplatin enhanced immunity in a murine model of ectopic cervical cancer. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:251-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chou Tsai
- Division of Gynaecol Oncology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Taiwan Taiwan
| | - Jian-Tai Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Taiwan Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Tseng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science; Chang Jung Christian University; Taiwan Taiwan
- Innovative Research Centre of Medicine; College of Health Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University; Taiwan Taiwan
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20
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Cai Y, Fang X, He C, Li P, Xiao F, Wang Y, Chen M. Cucurbitacins: A Systematic Review of the Phytochemistry and Anticancer Activity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1331-50. [PMID: 26503558 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids that are widely present in traditional Chinese medicines (Cucurbitaceae family), possess strong anticancer activity, and are divided into 12 classes from A to T with over 200 derivatives. The eight most active cucurbitacin components against cancer are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R. Their mechanisms of action include antiproliferation, inhibition of migration and invasion, proapoptosis, and cell cycle arrest promotion. Cucurbitacins are also found to be the inhibitors of JAK-STAT3, Wnt, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, which play important roles in the apoptosis and survival of cancer cells. Recently, new studies have discovered synergistic anticancer effects by using cucurbitacins together with clinically approved chemotherapeutic drugs, such as docetaxel and methotrexate. This paper provides a summary of recent research progress on the anticancer property of cucurbitacins and the various intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, death, invasion, and migration. Therefore, cucurbitacins are a class of promising anticancer drugs to be used alone or be intergraded in current chemotherapies and radiotherapies to treat many types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xiefan Fang
- † Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengwei He
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China.,‡ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
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Wang L, Li C, Lin Q, Zhang X, Pan H, Xu L, Shi Z, Ouyang D, He X. Cucurbitacin E suppresses cytokine expression in human Jurkat T cells through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:459-65. [PMID: 25921411 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CucE), a triterpenoid isolated from Cucurbitaceae plants, has been shown to possess an anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, yet the underlying mechanism has been incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to explore its effect on cytokine expression and the underlying mechanism in human Jurkat T cells as a cellular model. The results showed that CucE significantly inhibited the production of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ in culture medium of cells treated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) plus ionomycin (Ion). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of these cytokines in activated Jurkat T cells were also decreased upon CucE treatment, suggesting a potential modulatory effect on the critical signaling pathways for cytokine expression, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In support of its effect on the NF-κB signaling pathway, CucE decreased the phosphorylation levels of inhibitor of κB (IκB) and NF-κB/p65 in PDB + Ion-stimulated cells. Further supporting this, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 was significantly suppressed in response to PDB plus Ion stimulation in the presence of CucE. The phosphorylation of p38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Erk1/2, however, was not decreased or slightly increased at some time points by CucE treatment. Collectively, these data suggest that CucE may exhibit immunosuppressive effect by attenuating critical cytokine expression through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China Key Laboratory of Physical and Training Adapted Control System, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qiuru Lin
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lihui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zijian Shi
- Department of Fetal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xianhui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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22
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Li J, Ouyang Y, Zhang X, Zhou W, Wang F, Huang Z, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Fu L. Effect of HM910, a novel camptothecin derivative, on the inhibition of multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1000-1016. [PMID: 26045982 PMCID: PMC4449431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a variety of novel therapeutic agents, such as bortezomib, thalidomide and topotecan, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, thus the development of new chemotherapeutical agents is of high priority. We found HM910, a novel camptothecin (CPT) derivative, exhibited potent inhibition of MM cell growth in vitro and in xenografts of nude mice. Mechanistically, HM910 reduced the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) via an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which eventually resulting in the release of cytochrome c and the activation of mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. On the other hand, HM910 significantly triggered cell cycle arrest in G1 phase via downregulating the expressions of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6, resulting in down-regulation of cyclin D1. Therefore, HM910 maybe a promising candidate for treating MM patients and is currently in phase I clinical trial in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yudan Ouyang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhou
- Fangsheng Pharmaceuticals, IncChangsha 410000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhencong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060, China
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Third-degree hindpaw burn injury induced apoptosis of lumbar spinal cord ventral horn motor neurons and sciatic nerve and muscle atrophy in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:372819. [PMID: 25695065 PMCID: PMC4324890 DOI: 10.1155/2015/372819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Severe burns result in hypercatabolic state and concomitant muscle atrophy that persists for several months, thereby limiting patient recovery. However, the effects of burns on the corresponding spinal dermatome remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether burns induce apoptosis of spinal cord ventral horn motor neurons (VHMNs) and consequently cause skeletal muscle wasting. Methods. Third-degree hindpaw burn injury with 1% total body surface area (TBSA) rats were euthanized 4 and 8 weeks after burn injury. The apoptosis profiles in the ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cords, sciatic nerves, and gastrocnemius muscles were examined. The Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve were marked with S100. The gastrocnemius muscles were harvested to measure the denervation atrophy. Result. The VHMNs apoptosis in the spinal cord was observed after inducing third-degree burns in the hindpaw. The S100 and TUNEL double-positive cells in the sciatic nerve increased significantly after the burn injury. Gastrocnemius muscle apoptosis and denervation atrophy area increased significantly after the burn injury. Conclusion. Local hindpaw burn induces apoptosis in VHMNs and Schwann cells in sciatic nerve, which causes corresponding gastrocnemius muscle denervation atrophy. Our results provided an animal model to evaluate burn-induced muscle wasting, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Cucurbitacin E has neuroprotective properties and autophagic modulating activities on dopaminergic neurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:425496. [PMID: 25574337 PMCID: PMC4276330 DOI: 10.1155/2014/425496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecules are under intensive study for their potential as preventive and/or adjuvant therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the neuroprotective potential of cucurbitacin E (CuE), a tetracyclic triterpenoid phytosterol extracted from the Ecballium elaterium (Cucurbitaceae), using a known cellular model of PD, NGF-differentiated PC12. In our postmitotic experimental paradigm, neuronal cells were treated with the parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to provoke significant cellular damage and apoptosis or with the potent N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) to induce superoxide (O2•−) production, and CuE was administered prior to and during the neurotoxic treatment. We measured cellular death and reactive oxygen species to evaluate the antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties of CuE. In addition, we analyzed cellular macroautophagy, a bulk degradation process involving the lysosomal pathway. CuE showed neuroprotective effects on MPP+-induced cell death. However, CuE failed to rescue neuronal cells from oxidative stress induced by MPP+ or DDC. Microscopy and western blot data show an intriguing involvement of CuE in maintaining lysosomal distribution and decreasing autophagy flux. Altogether, these data indicate that CuE decreases neuronal death and autophagic flux in a postmitotic cellular model of PD.
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25
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Hung CM, Chang CC, Lin CW, Chen CC, Hsu YC. GADD45γ induces G2/M arrest in human pharynx and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by cucurbitacin E. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6454. [PMID: 25245461 PMCID: PMC4171705 DOI: 10.1038/srep06454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common form of malignant cancer, for which radiotherapy or chemotherapy are the main treatment methods. Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is a natural compound-based drug which from the climbing stem of Cucumic melo L (Guadi). Previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study, investigated anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in Detroit 562 cells (pharynx carcinoma) and HONE-1 (nasopharyngeal carcinoma) cells. Results indicate that the cytotoxicity is associated with accumulation in G2/M cell-cycle phases. CuE produced cell cycle arrest as well as the downregulation of cyclin B1 and CDC2 expression. In addition, treated cells with CuE and GADD45γ SiRNA that also coincided with GADD45γ gene activation in cell cycle arrest. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, proliferation inhibition and mitosis delay was dependant on the amount of CuE treatment in the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, 82445, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, 71101, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hsu YC, Huang TY, Chen MJ. Therapeutic ROS targeting of GADD45γ in the induction of G2/M arrest in primary human colorectal cancer cell lines by cucurbitacin E. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1198. [PMID: 24763055 PMCID: PMC4001305 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin E (CuE) or α-elaterin is a natural compound previously shown to be an antifeedant as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of cancer. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of CuE on colorectal cancer (CRC) using primary cell lines isolated from five CRC patients in Taiwan, Specifically, we explored the anti-proliferation and cell cycle G2/M arrest induced by CuE in CRC cells. MPM-2 flow cytometry tests show that CuE-treated cells accumulated in metaphase (CuE 2.5-7.5 μM). Results further indicate that CuE produced G2/M arrest as well as the downregulation of CDC2 and cyclin B1 expression and dissociation. Both effects increased proportionally with the dose of CuE; however, the inhibition of proliferation, arrest of mitosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were found to be dependent on the quantity of CuE used to treat the cancer cells. In addition, cell cycle arrest in treated cells coincided with the activation of the gene GADD45(α, β, γ). Incubation with CuE resulted in the binding of GADD45γ to CDC2, which suggests that the delay in CuE-induced mitosis is regulated by the overexpression of GADD45γ. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the known effects on cancer prevention, CuE may have antitumor activities in established CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Innovative Research Center of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - T-Y Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Sin-Lau Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - M-J Chen
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Nguyen BCQ, Taira N, Tawata S. Several herbal compounds in Okinawa plants directly inhibit the oncogenic/aging kinase PAK1. Drug Discov Ther 2014; 8:238-44. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2014.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binh Cao Quan Nguyen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Nozomi Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus
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