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McMillan MT, Khan AJ, Powell SN, Humm J, Deasy JO, Haimovitz-Friedman A. Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy in the Era of Immunotherapy. Semin Radiat Oncol 2024; 34:276-283. [PMID: 38880536 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Spatially fractionated radiotherapy (SFRT) includes historical grid therapy approaches but more recently encompasses the controlled introduction of one or more cold dose regions using intensity modulation delivery techniques. The driving hypothesis behind SFRT is that it may allow for an increased immune response that is otherwise suppressed by radiation effects. With both two- and three-dimensional SFRT approaches, SFRT dose distributions typically include multiple dose cold spots or valleys. Despite its unconventional methods, reported clinical experience shows that SFRT can sometimes induce marked tumor regressions, even in patients with large hypoxic tumors. Preclinical models using extreme dose distributions (i.e., half-sparing) have been shown to nevertheless result in full tumor eradications, a more robust immune response, and systemic anti-tumor immunity. SFRT takes advantage of the complementary immunomodulatory features of low- and high-dose radiotherapy to integrate the delivery of both into a single target. Clinical trials using three-dimensional SFRT (i.e., lattice-like dose distributions) have reported both promising tumor and toxicity results, and ongoing clinical trials are investigating synergy between SFRT and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Humm
- Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Hao Y, Xu M, Zeng X, Wang Y, Wang W, Lin G, Li B, Huang J, Xu C, Zhang Y, Song Z. Poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in advanced thymic carcinoma patients with liver metastases. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359241253127. [PMID: 38812990 PMCID: PMC11135101 DOI: 10.1177/17588359241253127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for advanced thymic carcinoma exhibits promising efficacy, factors that affect the efficacy and prognosis, including metastases sites, remain uncertain. Objectives Our study aimed to investigate the determinants of survival among patients with advanced thymic carcinoma who underwent immunotherapy in real-world settings, with implications for clinical practice. Designs Different therapy regimens of immunotherapy were produced to analyze the influence of liver metastases on survival and prognosis for advanced thymic carcinoma patients. Methods Data for advanced thymic carcinoma patients receiving immunotherapy and their metastases sites were collected for analysis from seven different hospitals between January 2015 and January 2023. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox analysis was used to evaluate factors influencing survival. Results The present study analyzed 136 advanced thymic carcinoma patients from seven different hospitals.The PFS for all patients receiving immunotherapy was 6.4 months, while the OS was 24.0 months. The objective response rate was different for patients with liver and non-liver metastases (11.9% versus 37.2%, p = 0.003). The disease control rate values were also different between the two groups (47.6% versus 80.9%, p = 0.037). The PFS for patients with liver metastases demonstrated poor immunotherapy efficacy compared to patients with non-liver metastases (3.0 versus 8.0 months, p < 0.0001). The OS was also significantly different between these two patient groups (16.1 versus 29.1 months, p = 0.009). Conclusion Immunotherapy had poor efficacy in advanced thymic carcinoma patients with liver metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hao
- Department of Clinical Trial, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manyi Xu
- Department of Clinical Trial, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zeng
- Postgraduate training base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yina Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gen Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bihui Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Department of Oncology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Chunwei Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Zhang
- Lung Cancer and Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengbo Song
- Department of Clinical Trial, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Wu K, Zhang G, Shen C, Zhu L, Yu C, Sartorius K, Ding W, Jiang Y, Lu Y. Role of T cells in liver metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:341. [PMID: 38755133 PMCID: PMC11099083 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a major metastatic site (organ) for gastrointestinal cancers (such as colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers) as well as non-gastrointestinal cancers (such as lung, breast, and melanoma cancers). Due to the innate anatomical position of the liver, the apoptosis of T cells in the liver, the unique metabolic regulation of hepatocytes and other potential mechanisms, the liver tends to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment and subsequently form a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which can promote metastasis and colonization by various tumor cells(TCs). As a result, the critical role of immunoresponse in liver based metastasis has become increasingly appreciated. T cells, a centrally important member of adaptive immune response, play a significant role in liver based metastases and clarifying the different roles of the various T cells subsets is important to guide future clinical treatment. In this review, we first introduce the predisposing factors and related mechanisms of liver metastasis (LM) before introducing the PMN and its transition to LM. Finally, we detail the role of different subsets of T cells in LM and advances in the management of LM in order to identify potential therapeutic targets for patients with LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Changbing Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taizhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated with Yangzhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chongyuan Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kurt Sartorius
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Africa Hepatopancreatobiliary Cancer Consortium, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China.
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Tepale-Segura A, Gajón JA, Muñoz-Cruz S, Castro-Escamilla O, Bonifaz LC. The cholera toxin B subunit induces trained immunity in dendritic cells and promotes CD8 T cell antitumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362289. [PMID: 38812523 PMCID: PMC11133619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immune training is a metabolic, functional, and epigenetic long-term reprogramming of innate cells triggered by different stimuli. This imprinting also reaches hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow to sustain a memory-like phenotype. Dendritic cells (DCs) can exhibit memory-like responses, enhanced upon subsequent exposure to a pathogen; however, whether this imprinting is lineage and stimulus-restricted is still being determined. Nevertheless, the functional consequences of DCs training on the adaptive and protective immune response against non-infectious diseases remain unresolved. Methods We evaluated the effect of the nontoxic cholera B subunit (CTB), LPS and LTA in the induction of trained immunity in murine DCs revealed by TNFa and LDH expression, through confocal microscopy. Additionally, we obtained bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) from mice treated with CTB, LPS, and LTA and evaluated training features in DCs and their antigen-presenting cell capability using multiparametric cytometry. Finally, we design an experimental melanoma mouse model to demonstrate protection induced by CTB-trained DCs in vivo. Results CTB-trained DCs exhibit increased expression of TNFa, and metabolic reprogramming indicated by LDH expression. Moreover, CTB training has an imprint on DC precursors, increasing the number and antigen-presenting function in BMDCs. We found that training by CTB stimulates the recruitment of DC precursors and DCs infiltration at the skin and lymph nodes. Interestingly, training-induced by CTB promotes a highly co-stimulatory phenotype in tumor-infiltrating DCs (CD86+) and a heightened functionality of exhausted CD8 T cells (Ki67+, GZMB+), which were associated with a protective response against melanoma challenge in vivo. Conclusion Our work indicates that CTB can induce innate immune training on DCs, which turns into an efficient adaptive immune response in the melanoma model and might be a potential immunotherapeutic approach for tumor growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Tepale-Segura
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Inmunología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julián A. Gajón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Castro-Escamilla
- División de Investigación Clínica, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura C. Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Huang Y, Wang X, Lv Z, Hu X, Xu B, Yang H, Xiao T, Liu Q. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Unique Immune Response to Grass Carp Reovirus Infection in Barbel Chub ( Squaliobarbus curriculus). BIOLOGY 2024; 13:214. [PMID: 38666826 PMCID: PMC11047996 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus)-both Leuciscinae subfamily species-demonstrate differences in grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection resistance. We infected barbel chubs with type II GCRV and subjected their liver, spleen, head kidney, and trunk kidney samples to investigate anti-GCRV immune mechanisms via RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We identified 139, 970, 867, and 2374 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver, spleen, head kidney, and trunk kidney, respectively. Across all four tissues, gene ontology analysis revealed significant immune response-related DEG enrichment, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and cytokine-related pathway enrichment. We noted autophagy pathway enrichment in the spleen, head kidney, and trunk kidney; apoptosis pathway enrichment in the spleen and trunk kidney; and complement- and coagulation-cascade pathway enrichment in only the spleen. Comparative transcriptome analysis between GCRV-infected barbel chubs and uninfected barbel chubs comprehensively revealed that PRR, cytokine-related, complement- and coagulation-cascade, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways are potential key factors influencing barbel chub resistance to GCRV infection. qRT-PCR validation of 11 immune-related DEGs confirmed our RNA-seq data's accuracy. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for the understanding of GCRV infection resistance in barbel chub and hybrid grass carp-barbel chub breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Huang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
| | - Zhao Lv
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xudong Hu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Baohong Xu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
| | - Tiaoyi Xiao
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiaolin Liu
- Fisheries College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.H.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (B.X.); (H.Y.)
- Yuelushan Lab, Changsha 410128, China
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Bonnet B, Tournier L, Deschamps F, Yevich S, Marabelle A, Robert C, Albiges L, Besse B, Bonnet V, De Baère T, Tselikas L. Thermal Ablation Combined with Immune Checkpoint Blockers: A 10-Year Monocentric Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:855. [PMID: 38473217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a 10-year experience in cancer therapy with concomitant treatment of percutaneous thermal ablation (PTA) and immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included all patients at a single tertiary cancer center who had received ICBs at most 90 days before, or 30 days after, PTA. Feasibility and safety were assessed as the primary outcomes. The procedure-related complications and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were categorized according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 (CTCAE). Efficacy was evaluated based on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and local progression-free survival (LPFS) according to the indication, ablation modality, neoplasm histology, and ICB type. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2021, 78 patients (57% male; median age: 61 years) were included. The PTA modality was predominantly cryoablation (CA) (61%), followed by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (31%). PTA indications were the treatment of oligo-persistence (29%), oligo-progression (14%), and palliation of symptomatic lesions or prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) (56%). Most patients received anti-PD1 ICB monotherapy with pembrolizumab (n = 35) or nivolumab (n = 24). The feasibility was excellent, with all combined treatment performed and completed as planned. Ten patients (13%) experienced procedure-related complications (90% grade 1-2), and 34 patients (44%) experienced an irAE (86% grade 1-2). The only factor statistically associated with better OS and PFS was the ablation indication, favoring oligo-persistence (p = 0.02). Tumor response was suggestive of an abscopal effect in four patients (5%). CONCLUSIONS The concomitant treatment of PTA and ICBs within 2-4 weeks is feasible and safe for both palliative and local control indications. Overall, PTA outcomes were found to be similar to standards for patients not on ICB therapy. While a consistently reproducible abscopal effect remains elusive, the safety profile of concomitant therapy provides the framework for continued assessment as ICB therapies evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Bonnet
- Gustave Roussy, Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Louis Tournier
- Gustave Roussy, Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Université de Paris, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Deschamps
- Gustave Roussy, Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Steven Yevich
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapies (LRTI), Inserm U1015, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Caroline Robert
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy, Département de Médecine Oncologique, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy, Département de Médecine Oncologique, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy, Département de Médecine Oncologique, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Victoire Bonnet
- Medicine Department, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne University, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thierry De Baère
- Gustave Roussy, Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Lambros Tselikas
- Gustave Roussy, Département d'Anesthésie, Chirurgie et Interventionnel (DACI), F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapies (LRTI), Inserm U1015, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Liu Q, Chen G, Liu X, Tao L, Fan Y, Xia T. Tolerogenic Nano-/Microparticle Vaccines for Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38323542 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, allergies, transplant rejections, generation of antidrug antibodies, and chronic inflammatory diseases have impacted a large group of people across the globe. Conventional treatments and therapies often use systemic or broad immunosuppression with serious efficacy and safety issues. Tolerogenic vaccines represent a concept that has been extended from their traditional immune-modulating function to induction of antigen-specific tolerance through the generation of regulatory T cells. Without impairing immune homeostasis, tolerogenic vaccines dampen inflammation and induce tolerogenic regulation. However, achieving the desired potency of tolerogenic vaccines as preventive and therapeutic modalities calls for precise manipulation of the immune microenvironment and control over the tolerogenic responses against the autoantigens, allergens, and/or alloantigens. Engineered nano-/microparticles possess desirable design features that can bolster targeted immune regulation and enhance the induction of antigen-specific tolerance. Thus, particle-based tolerogenic vaccines hold great promise in clinical translation for future treatment of aforementioned immune disorders. In this review, we highlight the main strategies to employ particles as exciting tolerogenic vaccines, with a focus on the particles' role in facilitating the induction of antigen-specific tolerance. We describe the particle design features that facilitate their usage and discuss the challenges and opportunities for designing next-generation particle-based tolerogenic vaccines with robust efficacy to promote antigen-specific tolerance for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingchi Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian Xia
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Wang Z, Liu N, Yang Y, Tu Z. The novel mechanism facilitating chronic hepatitis B infection: immunometabolism and epigenetic modification reprogramming. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349867. [PMID: 38288308 PMCID: PMC10822934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections pose a global public health challenge. Despite extensive research on this disease, the intricate mechanisms underlying persistent HBV infection require further in-depth elucidation. Recent studies have revealed the pivotal roles of immunometabolism and epigenetic reprogramming in chronic HBV infection. Immunometabolism have identified as the process, which link cell metabolic status with innate immunity functions in response to HBV infection, ultimately contributing to the immune system's inability to resolve Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB). Within hepatocytes, HBV replication leads to a stable viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome located in the nucleus, and epigenetic modifications in cccDNA enable persistence of infection. Additionally, the accumulation or depletion of metabolites not only directly affects the function and homeostasis of immune cells but also serves as a substrate for regulating epigenetic modifications, subsequently influencing the expression of antiviral immune genes and facilitating the occurrence of sustained HBV infection. The interaction between immunometabolism and epigenetic modifications has led to a new research field, known as metabolic epigenomics, which may form a mutually reinforcing relationship with CHB. Herein, we review the recent studies on immunometabolism and epigenetic reprogramming in CHB infection and discuss the potential mechanisms of persistent HBV infection. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms will offer novel insights and targets for intervention strategies against chronic HBV infection, thereby providing new hope for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengkun Tu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Tremain AC, Wallace RP, Lorentz KM, Thornley TB, Antane JT, Raczy MR, Reda JW, Alpar AT, Slezak AJ, Watkins EA, Maulloo CD, Budina E, Solanki A, Nguyen M, Bischoff DJ, Harrington JL, Mishra R, Conley GP, Marlin R, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Gallouët AS, LeGrand R, Wilson DS, Kontos S, Hubbell JA. Synthetically glycosylated antigens for the antigen-specific suppression of established immune responses. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1142-1155. [PMID: 37679570 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Inducing antigen-specific tolerance during an established immune response typically requires non-specific immunosuppressive signalling molecules. Hence, standard treatments for autoimmunity trigger global immunosuppression. Here we show that established antigen-specific responses in effector T cells and memory T cells can be suppressed by a polymer glycosylated with N-acetylgalactosamine (pGal) and conjugated to the antigen via a self-immolative linker that allows for the dissociation of the antigen on endocytosis and its presentation in the immunoregulatory environment. We show that pGal-antigen therapy induces antigen-specific tolerance in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (with programmed cell-death-1 and the co-inhibitory ligand CD276 driving the tolerogenic responses), as well as the suppression of antigen-specific responses to vaccination against a DNA-based simian immunodeficiency virus in non-human primates. Our findings show that pGal-antigen therapy invokes mechanisms of immune tolerance to resolve antigen-specific inflammatory T-cell responses and suggest that the therapy may be applicable across autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Tremain
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel P Wallace
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer T Antane
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michal R Raczy
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph W Reda
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron T Alpar
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna J Slezak
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elyse A Watkins
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chitavi D Maulloo
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica Budina
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ani Solanki
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Romain Marlin
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gallouët
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger LeGrand
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - D Scott Wilson
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Pritzker School for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Quan Y, He J, Zou Q, Zhang L, Sun Q, Huang H, Li W, Xie K, Wei F. Low molecular weight heparin synergistically enhances the efficacy of adoptive and anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007080. [PMID: 37597850 PMCID: PMC10441131 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy, including adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has a limited effect in most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and the efficacy is further limited in patients with liver metastasis. Lack of antitumor lymphocyte infiltration could be a major cause, and there remains an urgent need for more potent and safer therapies for CRC. METHODS In this study, the antitumoral synergism of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) combined with immunotherapy in the microsatellite stable (MSS) highly aggressive murine model of CRC was fully evaluated. RESULTS Dual LMWH and ACT objectively mediated the stagnation of tumor growth and inhibition of liver metastasis, neither LMWH nor ACT alone had any antitumoral activity on them. The combination of LMWH and ACT obviously increased the infiltration of intratumor CD8+ T cells, as revealed by multiplex immunohistochemistry, purified CD8+ T-cell transfer assay, and IVIM in vivo imaging. Mechanistically, evaluation of changes in the tumor microenvironment revealed that LMWH improved tumor vascular normalization and facilitated the trafficking of activated CD8+ T cells into tumors. Similarly, LMWH combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provided superior antitumor activity as compared with the single PD-1 blockade in murine CT26 tumor models. CONCLUSIONS LMWH could enhance ACT and ICIs-based immunotherapy by increasing lymphocyte infiltration into tumors, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that combining LMWH with an immunotherapy strategy presents a promising and safe approach for CRC treatment, especially in MSS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Quan
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie He
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuxi Zhang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Sun
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keping Xie
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Department of Immunology, The South China University of Technology School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Liang L, Li Y, Hong Y, Ji T, Chen H, Lin Z. Nomogram Based on Liver Function Test Indicators for Survival Prediction in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients Receiving PD-1 Inhibitor Therapy. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7189-7202. [PMID: 37623002 PMCID: PMC10453561 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30080521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of PD-1 inhibitor therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to develop a nomogram to estimate individual risks. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 162 NPC patients who were administered the PD-1 inhibitor combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy at the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center. In total, 108 NPC patients were included in the training cohort and 54 NPC patients were included in the validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox survival analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors for 1-year and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, a nomogram model was constructed to predict the survival probability of PFS. A consistency index (C-index), a decision curve, a clinical impact curve, and a standard curve were used to measure predictive accuracy, the clinical net benefit, and the consistency of prognostic factors. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the metastasis stage, the levels of ALT, the AST/ALT ratio, and the LDH were independent risk factors associated with the prognosis of PD-1 inhibitor therapy. A nomogram based on these four indicators was constructed and the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with a higher total score have a shorter PFS. The C-index of this model was 0.732 in the training cohort and 0.847 in the validation cohort, which are higher than those for the TNM stages (training cohort: 0.617; validation cohort: 0.727; p <0.05). Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI), and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) showed that our model has better prediction accuracy than TNM staging. CONCLUSIONS Predicting PFS in NPC patients based on liver function-related indicators before PD-1 treatment may help clinicians predict the efficacy of PD-1 treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526060, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526060, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yansui Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526060, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Tianxing Ji
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhifang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing 526060, China; (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
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12
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Dhanasekaran R, Suzuki H, Lemaitre L, Kubota N, Hoshida Y. Molecular and immune landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma to guide therapeutic decision-making. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00480. [PMID: 37300379 PMCID: PMC10713867 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer, primarily HCC, exhibits highly heterogeneous histological and molecular aberrations across tumors and within individual tumor nodules. Such intertumor and intratumor heterogeneities may lead to diversity in the natural history of disease progression and various clinical disparities across the patients. Recently developed multimodality, single-cell, and spatial omics profiling technologies have enabled interrogation of the intertumor/intratumor heterogeneity in the cancer cells and the tumor immune microenvironment. These features may influence the natural history and efficacy of emerging therapies targeting novel molecular and immune pathways, some of which had been deemed undruggable. Thus, comprehensive characterization of the heterogeneities at various levels may facilitate the discovery of biomarkers that enable personalized and rational treatment decisions, and optimize treatment efficacy while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. Such companion biomarkers will also refine HCC treatment algorithms across disease stages for cost-effective patient management by optimizing the allocation of limited medical resources. Despite this promise, the complexity of the intertumor/intratumor heterogeneity and ever-expanding inventory of therapeutic agents and regimens have made clinical evaluation and translation of biomarkers increasingly challenging. To address this issue, novel clinical trial designs have been proposed and incorporated into recent studies. In this review, we discuss the latest findings in the molecular and immune landscape of HCC for their potential and utility as biomarkers, the framework of evaluation and clinical application of predictive/prognostic biomarkers, and ongoing biomarker-guided therapeutic clinical trials. These new developments may revolutionize patient care and substantially impact the still dismal HCC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka
| | - Lea Lemaitre
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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13
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Xu X, Wang X, Liao YP, Luo L, Xia T, Nel AE. Use of a Liver-Targeting Immune-Tolerogenic mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Platform to Treat Peanut-Induced Anaphylaxis by Single- and Multiple-Epitope Nucleotide Sequence Delivery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4942-4957. [PMID: 36853930 PMCID: PMC10019335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While oral desensitization is capable of alleviating peanut allergen anaphylaxis, long-term immune tolerance is the sought-after goal. We developed a liver-targeting lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform to deliver mRNA-encoded peanut allergen epitopes to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), which function as robust tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells that induce FoxP3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs). The mRNA strand was constructed by including nucleotide sequences encoding for nonallergenic MHC-II binding T-cell epitopes, identified in the dominant peanut allergen, Ara h2. These epitopes were inserted in the mRNA strand downstream of an MHC-II targeting sequence, further endowed in vitro with 5' and 3' capping sequences, a PolyA tail, and uridine substitution. Codon-optimized mRNA was used for microfluidics synthesis of LNPs with an ionizable cationic lipid, also decorated with a lipid-anchored mannose ligand for LSEC targeting. Biodistribution to the liver was confirmed by in vivo imaging, while ELISpot assays demonstrated an increase in IL-10-producing Tregs in the spleen. Prophylactic administration of tandem-repeat or a combination of encapsulated Ara h2 epitopes induced robust tolerogenic effects in C3H/HeJ mice, sensitized to and subsequently challenged with crude peanut allergen extract. In addition to alleviating physical manifestations of anaphylaxis, there was suppression of Th2-mediated cytokine production, IgE synthesis, and mast cell release, accompanied by increased IL-10 and TGF-β production in the peritoneum. Similar efficacy was demonstrated during LNP administration postsensitization. While nondecorated particles had lesser but significant effects, PolyA/LNP-Man lacked protective effects. These results demonstrate an exciting application of mRNA/LNP for treatment of food allergen anaphylaxis, with the promise to be widely applicable to the allergy field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center
of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lijia Luo
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center
of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division
of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center
of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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14
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Wang Q, Fang Y, Li C, Leong TL, Provencio M, Oh IJ, Zhang Z, Su C. Differential organ-specific tumor response to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung cancer-a retrospective cohort study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:312-321. [PMID: 36895937 PMCID: PMC9989803 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) possess remarkable clinical effectiveness in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Different immune profiles of tumors may play a key role in the efficacy of treatment with ICIs. This article aimed to determine the differential organ responses to ICI in individuals with metastatic NSCLC. Methods This research analyzed data of advanced NSCLC patients receiving first-line treatment with ICIs. Major organs such as the liver, lung, adrenal glands, lymph nodes and brain were assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and RECIST-improved organ-specific response criteria. Results A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 105 individuals with advanced NSCLC with programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression ≥50% who received single agent anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies as first-line therapy. Overall, 105 (100%), 17 (16.2%), 15 (14.3%), 13 (12.4%), and 45 (42.8%) individuals showed measurable lung tumors and liver, brain, adrenal, and other lymph node metastases at baseline. The median size of the lung, liver, brain, adrenal gland, and lymph nodes were 3.4, 3.1, 2.8, 1.9, and 1.8 cm, respectively. The results recorded mean response times of 2.1, 3.4, 2.5, 3.1, and 2.3 months, respectively. Organ-specific overall response rates (ORRs) were 67%, 30.6%, 34%, 39%, and 59.1%, respectively, with the liver having the lowest remission rate and lung lesions having the highest remission rate. There were 17 NSCLC patients with liver metastasis at baseline, and 6 had different responses to ICI treatment, with remission in the primary lung site and progressive disease (PD) in the metastatic liver site. At baseline, the mean progression-free survival (PFS) of the 17 patients with liver metastasis and 88 patients without liver metastasis was 4.3 and 7 months, respectively (P=0.02, 95% CI: 0.691 to 3.033). Conclusions The liver metastases of NSCLC may be less responsive to ICIs than other organs. The lymph nodes respond most favorably to ICIs. Further strategies may include additional local treatment in case of oligoprogression in these organs in patients with otherwise sustained treatment benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Fang
- Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, International Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tracy L Leong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhemin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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15
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Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Jones JC, Hubbard JM, McWilliams RR, Halfdanarson TR, Shi Q, Sonbol MB, Ticku J, Jin Z, Sinicrope FA. Association Between Survival and Metastatic Site in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With First-line Pembrolizumab. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e230400. [PMID: 36811859 PMCID: PMC9947726 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) shows frequent and durable responses to programmed cell death 1 blockade. While most of these tumors are sporadic and observed in older patients, first-line pembrolizumab data are limited to findings from the KEYNOTE-177 trial (A Phase III Study of Pembrolizumab [MK-3475] vs Chemotherapy in Microsatellite Instability-High [MSI-H] or Mismatch Repair Deficient [dMMR] Stage IV Colorectal Carcinoma). Objective To investigate outcome with first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy in mostly older patients with dMMR mCRC at a multisite clinical practice. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included consecutive patients with dMMR mCRC who received pembrolizumab monotherapy between April 1, 2015, and January 1, 2022, at Mayo Clinic sites and the Mayo Clinic Health System. Patients were identified from review of electronic health records at the sites, which included the evaluation of digitized radiologic imaging studies. Intervention Patients with dMMR mCRC received first-line pembrolizumab, 200 mg, every 3 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study end point was progression-free survival (PFS), which was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariable stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model. Clinicopathological features, including metastatic site and molecular data (BRAF V600E and KRAS), were also analyzed along with tumor response rate, which was determined using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Results The study cohort included 41 patients (median [IQR] age at treatment initiation, 81 [76-86] years; 29 females [71%]) with dMMR mCRC. Of these patients, 30 (79%) had the BRAF V600E variant and 32 (80%) were classified as having sporadic tumors. Median (range) follow-up was 23 (3-89) months. Median (IQR) number of treatment cycles was 9 (4-20). Overall response rate was 49% (20 of 41 patients), including 13 patients (32%) with complete responses and 7 (17%) with partial responses. Median (IQR) PFS was 21 (95% CI, 6-39) months. Liver as a site of metastasis was associated with significantly poorer PFS vs nonliver metastasis (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.27-9.13; adjusted P = .01). Complete and partial responses were observed in 3 patients (21%) with liver metastasis vs 17 patients (63%) with nonliver metastases. Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in 8 patients (20%), 2 of whom discontinued therapy; there was 1 treatment-related death. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found a clinically significant prolongation of survival in older patients with dMMR mCRC who were treated with first-line pembrolizumab in routine clinical practice. Furthermore, liver vs nonliver metastasis was associated with poorer survival in this patient population, which suggests that the metastatic site has implications for survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qian Shi
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Zhaohui Jin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Frank A. Sinicrope
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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16
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Umeda K, Tanaka N, Yasumizu Y, Takeda T, Matsumoto K, Morita S, Kosaka T, Mizuno R, Oya M. Site-Specific Differences in PD-1 Blockade Success and Biomarkers in Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Pembrolizumab. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2023; 21:128-135. [PMID: 36058808 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since tumors in different human organs may have different tumor microenvironments, we evaluate time-course changes in all tumor locations after pembrolizumab treatment in urothelial carcinoma (UC) to examine the differences in efficacy of pembrolizumab per organ. Further, we uncover the usefulness of inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP, and kinetics of these markers to predict pembrolizumab success and relation to overall survival (OS) in UC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 115 cancerous lesions from 44 UC patients were measurable based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. The serum CRP and NLR levels were measured at baseline prior to pembrolizumab treatment and at least every 3 weeks just prior to pembrolizumab administration. RESULTS Site-specific success (ie, patients with CR/PR/SD by RESIST 1.1) rates for pembrolizumab treatments were as follows: primary tumors: 67%, lymph node: 70%, lung: 44%, liver: 40%, and peritoneal metastasis: 56%. Focusing on the major metastasis sites, lymph nodes and lungs, we examined the relationships between NLR, CRP, or that kinetics and pembrolizumab success. In lymph nodes, both early NLR kinetics (P = .005) and CRP kinetics (P = .035) was a predictor for pembrolizumab success. On the other hand, none of 4 was not in lung metastases. Regarding to the mortality, the multivariate analysis revealed that early NLR kinetics was a prognostic biomarker for OS among the 4, independent of performance status and liver metastasis. CONCLUSION We revealed that site-specific pembrolizumab success in UC. Early NLR kinetics was a predictor for lymph node pembrolizumab success and OS in our cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Umeda
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yota Yasumizu
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takeda
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Morita
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Wu RY, Wang BC, Wang K, Xia F, Zhang ZY, Wan JF, Zhang Z. Immunotherapy and tumor mutational burden in cancer patients with liver metastases: A meta and real word cohort analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:994276. [PMID: 36741738 PMCID: PMC9893030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The predictive effects of liver metastases for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the relationship between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and liver metastases (LM) remain unclear. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the heterogeneity of ICIs efficacy between patients with or without LM. A pan-cancer cohort of 1,661 patients who received ICIs was downloaded and analyzed to assess the association between TMB and LM. Results Of 21053 studies identified in our search, eight single-arm studies and 24 randomized controlled trials were included. Overall, 17957 patients with advanced or metastatic cancers (4805 patients (26.8%) with LM and 13151 patients (73.2%) without LM) were enrolled. The pooled objective response rate (ORR) was 8.5% (95% CI 4%-13%) in the LM group versus 21% (95% CI 16%-21%) in the non-LM group. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for death was 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.90) in the LM group treated with ICIs compared with the standard of care. In patients without LM who were treated with ICIs, the pooled HR for death was 0.78 (95% CI 0.73-0.82) compared with the standard of care. The difference in efficacy between patients with or without LM treated with ICIs was significant (p=0.04). Pan-cancer analysis revealed that the TMB-high rate was 10.8% in liver metastatic lesions versus 21.4% in other metastatic lesions (p=0.004). In addition, TMB was also significantly associated with OS as a binary cutoff (p=0.05) and was an independent prognostic variable (HR=0.98, P=0.047) as a continuous variable in patients with LM. Conclusions In patients with LM, the efficacy of immunotherapy was attenuated, but TMB-high could predict better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue-Feng Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Jue-Feng Wan,
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Jue-Feng Wan,
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18
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Jiang YJ, Gao JF, Lin LH, Li H, Meng QG, Qu YF, Ji X. Single-cell transcriptomes from turtle livers reveal sensitivity of hepatic immune cells to bacteria-infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:847-854. [PMID: 36273515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The liver is important in the synthesis, metabolism and storage of nutrients, detoxification and immune response of the body, and the liver immune response against exogenous pathogens from the intestinal tract plays a key role in the immune activities. However, the cellular composition of the liver immune atlas remains sparsely studied in reptiles. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the cellular profile of the liver of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). We obtained the transcriptional landscape based on 9938 cells from the fractionation of fresh hepatic tissues from two individuals, uninfected and infected with bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila). We identified seven hepatic immune cell subsets, including plasma, erythroid, T/NK, B, endothelial, dendritic and Kupffer cells. Bacteria-infection altered the number of liver immune cells, as revealed by the fact that the infected turtle had more plasma, endothelial and Kupffer cells and fewer T/NK, dendritic and erythroid cells than did the uninfected turtle. Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of the hepatic immune landscape of P. sinensis at the single-cell resolution that outlines the characteristics of immune cells in the turtle liver and provides a liver transcriptome baseline for turtle immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long-Hui Lin
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing-Guo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Fu Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiang Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Wu T, Liang F, Lin P, Li Y, Huang X, Han P. Near complete response to a pembrolizumab-based therapeutic strategy in an abdominal metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma case. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2093075. [PMID: 35878084 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2093075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma rarely occurs in hepatic cancer and has a poor prognosis (median survival of 4 months). The efficacy of immunotherapy for these patients remains unknown. Herein, we present a patient with hypopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis to the liver with TERT and TP53 mutations together with a combined positive score of 70. The tumor invaded the abdominal wall, liver, inferior vena cava and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. The patient was treated with pembrolizumab combined with cisplatin and 5-FU for four cycles and has been maintained on pembrolizumab monotherapy until now. The patient achieved a near complete response of hepatic and subcutaneous metastases, and the tumor thrombus disappeared completely. The patient developed grade I rashes on the trunk, which were considered immune-related adverse events; thus, the patient presented a significant tumor response and good tolerance to the therapeutic strategy. On the basis of this observation, pembrolizumab-based therapeutic strategies may be an effective alternative for metastatic hypopharyngeal carcinoma and may prolong overall survival and progression-free survival, which should be confirmed by more patients in the future. Immune-related adverse events also need attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowei Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Faya Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiliang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Yamamoto T, Pearson DS, Ababneh EI, Harris C, Nissaisorakarn P, Mahowald GK, Heher YK, Elias N, Markmann JF, Lewis GD, Riella LV. Case report: Successful simultaneous heart-kidney transplantation across a positive complement-dependent cytotoxic crossmatch. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:1047217. [PMID: 37675007 PMCID: PMC10479575 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.1047217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Preformed donor-specific antibodies are associated with a higher risk of rejection and worse graft survival in organ transplantation. However, in heart transplantation, the risk and benefit balance between high mortality on the waiting list and graft survival may allow the acceptance of higher immunologic risk donors in broadly sensitized recipients. Transplanting donor-recipient pairs with a positive complement dependent cytotoxic (CDC) crossmatch carries the highest risk of hyperacute rejection and immediate graft loss and is usually avoided in kidney transplantation. Herein we report the first successful simultaneous heart-kidney transplant with a T- and B-cell CDC crossmatch positive donor using a combination of rituximab, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, bortezomib and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin induction followed by eculizumab therapy for two months post-transplant. In the year following transplantation, both allografts maintained stable graft function (all echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fractions ≥ 65%, eGFR>60) and showed no histologic evidence of antibody-mediated rejection. In addition, the patient has not developed any severe infections including cytomegalovirus or BK virus infection. In conclusion, a multitarget immunosuppressive regimen can allow for combined heart/kidney transplantation across positive CDC crossmatches without evidence of antibody-mediated rejection or significant infection. Longer follow-up will be needed to further support this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Pearson
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emad I. Ababneh
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia Harris
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pitchaphon Nissaisorakarn
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Grace K. Mahowald
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yael K. Heher
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nahel Elias
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James F. Markmann
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory D. Lewis
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Yoshida T, Ohe C, Ito K, Takada H, Saito R, Kita Y, Sano T, Tsuta K, Kinoshita H, Kitamura H, Nishiyama H, Kobayashi T. Clinical and molecular correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade in urothelial carcinoma with liver metastasis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2815-2828. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Abushukair H, Ababneh O, Zaitoun S, Saeed A. Primary and secondary immune checkpoint inhibitors resistance in colorectal cancer: Key mechanisms and ways to overcome resistance. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 33:100643. [PMID: 36175334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly advanced colorectal cancer treatment in recent years. Antibodies that target the proteins programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are among the ICIs that are currently being used in clinical practice. However, in colorectal cancer, ICI's effectiveness is limited to a fraction of patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), which only accounts for about 5% of advanced cases. The tumor microenvironment and intrinsic changes in tumor cells are just a couple of the many mechanisms that play a role in ICI primary or secondary resistance. In order to advance precision medicine and broaden the population benefiting from ICI, this paper highlights the main underlying mechanisms of ICIs resistance and suggested techniques to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Abushukair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Obada Ababneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sara Zaitoun
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, 21163, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 66205, Kansas City, KS, United States of America.
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23
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Kim HS, Kim CG, Hong JY, Kim IH, Kang B, Jung S, Kim C, Shin SJ, Choi HJ, Cheon J, Chon HJ, Lim HY. The presence and size of intrahepatic tumors determine the therapeutic efficacy of nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221113266. [PMID: 35860833 PMCID: PMC9290164 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Inter-tumoral heterogeneity at the differential lesion level raises the possibility of distinct organ-specific responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We aimed to comprehensively examine the clinicopathological factors to predict and assess the efficacy of nivolumab, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade at an individual tumor site-specific level in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). Patients and Methods: We enrolled 261 aHCC patients treated with nivolumab between 2012 and 2018. Eighty-one clinicopathological factors were comprehensively collected and analyzed. The association between all variables and survival outcomes was evaluated. According to tumor site, the organ-specific responses were assessed based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1. Results: The liver was the most commonly involved organ (75.1%), followed by the lungs (37.5%) and lymph nodes (LNs, 11.5%). The liver of nonresponders was more frequently the organ of progression, while the lungs of responders were more frequently the organs of response. Among the 455 individual lesions (liver, n = 248; lung, n = 124; LN, n = 35; others including bone or soft tissues, n = 48), intrahepatic tumors showed the least response (10.1%), followed by lung (24.2%) and LN tumors (37.1%), indicating the presence of distinct organ-specific responses to nivolumab. In intrahepatic tumors, the organ-specific response rate decreased as the size increased (13% for ⩽50 mm, 8.1% for 50–100 mm, and 5.5% for >100 mm). In the subgroup analysis according to tumor location, patients with lung only metastasis (⩾30 mm) showed the best progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). In contrast, primary HCC (⩾100 mm) without lung metastasis had the worst PFS and OS. Comprehensive analyses also revealed that liver function and systemic inflammatory indices, such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were significantly associated with PFS and OS. Conclusion: The presence and size of liver tumors, liver function, and NLR are key factors determining the response to nivolumab in aHCC. These clinical factors should be considered when treating patients with advanced HCC with PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sang Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Department of Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Cancer Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jung
- Department of Radiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06171, Republic of Korea
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24
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Persistent Low-Level HBsAg Expression in the Serum of Patients with Chronic HBV Infection. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1372705. [PMID: 35465353 PMCID: PMC9020929 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1372705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among HBV-infected persons, there is a group of people with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) showing persistently low levels of expression. The production of low-level HBsAg does not mean a good outcome of chronic HBV infection. Patients still have virus replication and sustained liver damage, and they have the potential to transmit the infection. This risk poses a challenge to clinical diagnosis and blood transfusion safety and is a major concern of experts. However, the mechanism behind persistent low-level HBsAg expression in serum is not completely clear, and complete virus clearance by the host is vital. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the mechanism behind low-level expression of HBsAg in patients with chronic HBV infection in recent years.
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25
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Shimizu T, Miyake M, Nishimura N, Inoue K, Fujii K, Iemura Y, Ichikawa K, Omori C, Tomizawa M, Maesaka F, Oda Y, Miyamoto T, Sakamoto K, Kiba K, Tanaka M, Oyama N, Okajima E, Fujimoto K, Hori S, Morizawa Y, Gotoh D, Nakai Y, Torimoto K, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. Organ-Specific and Mixed Responses to Pembrolizumab in Patients with Unresectable or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071735. [PMID: 35406508 PMCID: PMC8997142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the organ-specific response and clinical outcomes of mixed responses (MRs) to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (ur/mUC), we retrospectively analyzed 136 patients who received pembrolizumab. The total objective response rate (ORR) and organ-specific ORR were determined for each lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 as follows: (i) complete response (CR), (ii) partial response (PR), (iii) stable disease (SD), and (iv) progressive disease (PD). Most of the organ-specific ORR was 30−40%, but bone metastasis was only 5%. There was a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between responders and non-responders with locally advanced lesions and lymph node, lung, or liver metastases (HR 9.02 (3.63−22.4) p < 0.0001; HR 3.63 (1.97−6.69), p < 0.0001; HR 2.75 (1.35−5.59), p = 0.0053; and HR 3.17 (1.00−10.0), p = 0.049, respectively). MR was defined as occurring when PD happened in one lesion plus either CR or PR occurred in another lesion simultaneously, and 12 cases were applicable. MR was significantly associated with a poorer prognosis than that of the responder group (CR or PR; HR 0.09 (0.02−0.35), p = 0.004). Patients with bone metastases benefitted less. Care may be needed to treat patients with MR as well as patients with pure PD. Further studies should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051; Fax: +81-744-22-9282
| | - Nobutaka Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Okanami General Hospital, Iga 518-0842, Japan; (N.N.); (K.F.)
| | - Kuniaki Inoue
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Koyo Fujii
- Department of Urology, Osaka Gyoumeikan Hospital, Osaka 554-0012, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Iemura
- Department of Urology, Hirao Hospital, Kashihara 634-0076, Japan;
| | - Kazuki Ichikawa
- Department of Urology, Takai Hospital, Tenri 632-0372, Japan;
| | - Chihiro Omori
- Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara 630-8581, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Tomizawa
- Department of Urology, Yamato Takada Municipal Hospital, Yamato Takada 635-8501, Japan;
| | - Fumisato Maesaka
- Department of Urology, Nara City Hospital, Nara 630-8305, Japan; (F.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Yuki Oda
- Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center, Ikoma 636-0802, Japan; (Y.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Tatsuki Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Hirakata 573-8511, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Keisuke Kiba
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma 630-0293, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Osaka Kaisei Hospital, Osaka 532-0003, Japan;
| | - Nobuo Oyama
- Department of Urology, Nara Prefecture Seiwa Medical Center, Ikoma 636-0802, Japan; (Y.O.); (N.O.)
| | - Eijiro Okajima
- Department of Urology, Nara City Hospital, Nara 630-8305, Japan; (F.M.); (E.O.)
| | - Ken Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Okanami General Hospital, Iga 518-0842, Japan; (N.N.); (K.F.)
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Yosuke Morizawa
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Daisuke Gotoh
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Kazumasa Torimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Brachytherapy, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (T.S.); (K.I.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (Y.M.); (D.G.); (Y.N.); (K.T.); (K.F.)
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26
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Torre P, Motta BM, Sciorio R, Masarone M, Persico M. Inflammation and Fibrogenesis in MAFLD: Role of the Hepatic Immune System. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:781567. [PMID: 34957156 PMCID: PMC8695879 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.781567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the definition recently proposed to better circumscribe the spectrum of conditions long known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that range from simple steatosis without inflammation to more advanced liver diseases. The progression of MAFLD, as well as other chronic liver diseases, toward cirrhosis, is driven by hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis. The latter, result of a “chronic wound healing reaction,” is a dynamic process, and the understanding of its underlying pathophysiological events has increased in recent years. Fibrosis progresses in a microenvironment where it takes part an interplay between fibrogenic cells and many other elements, including some cells of the immune system with an underexplored or still unclear role in liver diseases. Some therapeutic approaches, also acting on the immune system, have been probed over time to evaluate their ability to improve inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD, but to date no drug has been approved to treat this condition. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of the liver immune system in the progression of NAFLD, and on therapies under study that aim to counter the immune substrate of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Torre
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Benedetta Maria Motta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Sciorio
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Masarone
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marcello Persico
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Mattos ÂZ, Debes JD, Dhanasekaran R, Benhammou JN, Arrese M, Patrício ALV, Zilio AC, Mattos AA. Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A growing challenge. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1107-1121. [PMID: 34630878 PMCID: PMC8473502 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide, and its prevalence increases continuously. As it predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma both in the presence and in the absence of cirrhosis, it is not surprising that the incidence of NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma would also rise. Some of the mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis are particular to individuals with fatty liver, and they help explain why liver cancer develops even in patients without cirrhosis. Genetic and immune-mediated mechanisms seem to play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in this population. Currently, it is consensual that patients with NAFLD-related cirrhosis should be surveilled with ultrasonography every 6 mo (with or without alpha-fetoprotein), but it is known that they are less likely to follow this recommendation than individuals with other kinds of liver disease. Moreover, the performance of the methods of surveillance are lower in NAFLD than they are in other liver diseases. Furthermore, it is not clear which subgroups of patients without cirrhosis should undergo surveillance. Understanding the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis in NAFLD could hopefully lead to the identification of biomarkers to be used in the surveillance for liver cancer in these individuals. By improving surveillance, tumors could be detected in earlier stages, amenable to curative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Z Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jose D Debes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Renu Dhanasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jihane N Benhammou
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 3580000, Chile
| | - André Luiz V Patrício
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Zilio
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angelo A Mattos
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90020-090, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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A Multi-institutional, Retrospective Analysis of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to Bone Treated with Combination Ipilimumab and Nivolumab. Target Oncol 2021; 16:633-642. [PMID: 34379283 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-021-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastases (BM) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients are associated with poor outcomes. There are limited published data on outcomes in these patients with immunotherapy agents. We present a multi-institutional, retrospective analysis of metastatic RCC patients with BM treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab (I + N). OBJECTIVE Patient, tumor, and treatment-related variables were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records of patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of RCC and at least one radiographically confirmed BM prior to initiation of I + N. Best objective response was assessed by clinical chart review, imaging reports, and treating physician evaluation; progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were recorded as of 31 December 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics and BM-related variables. Kaplan-Meier method and Mantel-Haenszel log-rank test were used to compare survival among groups. Cox regression univariable and multivariable models were used to correlate patient- and treatment-related variables to outcomes. RESULTS Eighty patients with RCC and BM treated with I + N were identified. Patients were predominantly male and Caucasian presenting primarily with IMDC intermediate or poor-risk clear-cell RCC. Best response to I + N was progressive disease (46%), stable disease (28%), partial response (21%), and not evaluable (5%). Median PFS was 6.1 months (95% CI 3.8-8.9 months) with the majority of patients (65%) discontinuing I + N due to disease progression. Median OS was 25.6 months (95% CI 14.9-NA) with median follow-up of 25.2 months. A multivariable regression model for PFS showed several variables to be significantly associated with worse PFS including female gender [p = 0.02; hazard ratio (HR) 2.16; 95% CI 1.14-4.12], metastases to other sites (p = 0.006; HR 2.12; 95% CI 1.24-3.62) and presence of BM to ribs (p = 0.0007; HR 2.61; 95% CI 1.50-4.52). A multivariable Cox model of OS showed no prior radiation therapy to BM (p = 0.02; HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.13-4.17) and presence of liver metastases (p = 0.0006; HR 3.19; 95% CI 1.65-6.19) to be significantly associated with worse OS. CONCLUSION RCC patients with ≥ 1 BM who received I + N therapy had a relatively low response rate, PFS, and OS. Strategies to improve outcomes in this subset of patients are needed.
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Gu Y, Bi Y, Wei H, Li J, Huang Z, Liao C, Liao W, Huang Y. Expression and clinical significance of inhibitory receptor Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 on peripheral blood T cells of chronic hepatitis B patients: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26667. [PMID: 34398030 PMCID: PMC8294879 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1) is an inhibitory receptor that is expressed on the surface of multiple immune cells and plays key roles in immune modulation. In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), T cell number and functions are abnormal and the expression of inhibitory receptors is elevated. However, the expression of LAIR-1 on T cells in patients with CHB is still undetermined.We recruited 320 patients with CHB in different disease phases and 17 healthy donors. Serum biochemical and virological examinations were performed for each participant, and their demographic and clinical data were collected. According to the latest American Association for the Study of Liver Disease guidelines, we categorized the patients into 4 groups: immune active, immune tolerant, inactive CHB, and gray zone. Additionally, we tested the expression of LAIR-1 on T cells and T cell subsets using flow cytometry.We observed a significant decrease in LAIR-1 expression on CD3+ T cells and its two subsets (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) in patients with CHB. LAIR-1 expression on T cells was the lowest in the immune active group. LAIR-1 expression levels on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed a significant negative association with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load and were lower in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients than in HBeAg-negative patients (P < .05). In addition, LAIR-1 expression levels on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were all negatively associated with liver inflammation and fibrosis parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, FibroScan value, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index score.LAIR-1 expression levels on T cells were associated with HBV DNA load and liver inflammation and fibrosis parameters, indicating that LAIR-1 may play an important regulatory role in HBV-induced T cell immune pathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target for CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Actkins KV, Beasley HK, Faucon AB, Davis LK, Sakwe AM. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Polymorphisms at rs1801725 Are Associated with Increased Risk of Secondary Malignancies. J Pers Med 2021; 11:642. [PMID: 34357109 PMCID: PMC8304025 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of systemic calcium homeostasis during malignancy is common in most patients with high-grade tumors. However, it remains unclear whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to circulating calcium are associated with primary and/or secondary neoplasms at specific pathological sites in patients of European and African ancestry. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of CASR SNPs with circulating calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and primary and secondary neoplasms. Circulating calcium is associated with an increased risk for breast, prostate, and skin cancers. In patients of European descent, the rs1801725 CASR SNP is associated with bone-related cancer phenotypes, deficiency of humoral immunity, and a higher risk of secondary neoplasms in the lungs and bone. Interestingly, circulating calcium levels are higher in homozygous patients for the inactivating CASR variant at rs1801725 (TT genotype), and this is associated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies. Our data suggest that expression of CaSR variants at rs1801725 is associated with a higher risk of developing secondary neoplastic lesions in the lungs and bone, due in part to cancer-induced hypercalcemia and/or tumor immune suppression. Screening of patients for CASR variants at this locus may lead to improved management of high calcium associated tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky’Era V. Actkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (H.K.B.); (L.K.D.)
| | - Annika B. Faucon
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (H.K.B.); (L.K.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amos M. Sakwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (H.K.B.); (L.K.D.)
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Serum Amyloid A Proteins and Their Impact on Metastasis and Immune Biology in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133179. [PMID: 34202272 PMCID: PMC8267706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The liver responds to systemic inflammation and injury in a coordinated manner, called the acute phase response. While this normal physiological response aims to restore homeostasis, malignant transformation coopts this biology to increase the risk for metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. In this Review, we discuss the importance of acute phase response proteins in regulating cancer biology and treatment efficacy. We also consider potential strategies to intervene on acute phase biology as an approach to improve outcomes in cancer. Abstract Cancer triggers the systemic release of inflammatory molecules that support cancer cell metastasis and immune evasion. Notably, this biology shows striking similarity to an acute phase response that is coordinated by the liver. Consistent with this, a role for the liver in defining cancer biology is becoming increasingly appreciated. Understanding the mechanisms that link acute phase biology to metastasis and immune evasion in cancer may reveal vulnerable pathways and novel therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss a link between acute phase biology and cancer with a focus on serum amyloid A proteins and their involvement in regulating the metastatic cascade and cancer immunobiology.
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Chen XJ, Ren A, Zheng L, Zheng ED, Jiang T. Pan-Cancer Analysis Identifies Liver Metastases as Negative Predictive Factor for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Treatment Outcome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651086. [PMID: 34248939 PMCID: PMC8264582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of liver metastases (LM) in patients with various advanced cancers received immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). First, clinical and survival data from a published cohort of 1,661 patients who received ICIs therapy were downloaded and analyzed. Second, a retrospective review of 182 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy was identified. Third, a meta-analysis of published trials was performed to explore the impact of LM on the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 based therapy in advanced lung cancers. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that patients with LM had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those without LM (10 vs. 20 months; P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis showed that the presence of LM was associated with markedly shorter OS than those without LM in ICI monotherapy group (P < 0.0001), but it did not reach the statistical significance in ICI-based combination therapy (P = 0.0815). In NSCLC, the presence of LM was associated with significantly inferior treatment outcomes in both pan-cancer and real-world cohort. Interestingly, ICI-based monotherapy and combination therapy could simultaneously prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and OS than chemotherapy in patients without LM. However, ICI-based monotherapy could not prolong PFS than chemotherapy in patients with LM while ICI-based combination therapy could dramatically prolong both PFS and OS. Together, these findings suggested that the presence of LM was the negative predictive factor in cancer patients received ICIs monotherapy, especially in NSCLC. ICI-based combination therapy might overcome the intrinsic resistance of LM to ICIs while the optimal combinatorial strategies remain under further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aiqun Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - En-Dian Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma VT, Su CT, Hu M, Taylor JMG, Daignault-Newton S, Kellezi O, Dahl MN, Shah MA, Erickson S, Lora J, Hamasha R, Ali A, Yancey S, Kiros L, Balicki HM, Winfield DC, Green MD, Alva AS. Characterization of outcomes in patients with advanced genitourinary malignancies treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:437.e1-437.e9. [PMID: 33495117 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are FDA approved for treatment of genitourinary (GU) malignancies. We aim to determine demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics that significantly affect clinical outcomes in patients with advanced stage GU malignancies treated with ICIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a single-center, consecutive, retrospective cohort analysis on patients with metastatic or unresectable GU malignancies who were treated with ICIs at the University of Michigan. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), putative immune-mediated allergies, and overall response rates (ORR) were assessed. Comorbidity index scores were calculated. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), stratifying and controlling for a variety of clinicopathologic baseline factors including site of metastases. RESULTS A total of 160 patients were identified with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or urothelial carcinoma. Median PFS and OS were 5.0 and 23.6 months for RCC, and 2.8 and 9.6 months for urothelial carcinoma, respectively. Patients who experienced increased frequency and higher grade irAEs had better ICI treatment response (P < 0.0001). Presence of liver metastases was associated with poor response to ICI therapy (P = 0.001). Multivariable modeling demonstrates that patients with urothelial carcinoma and liver metastases had statistically worse PFS and OS compared to patients with RCC or other sites of metastases, respectively. CONCLUSION Greater frequency and higher grades of irAEs are associated with better treatment response in patients with RCC and urothelial malignancy receiving ICI therapy. The presence of liver metastases denotes a negative predictive marker for immunotherapy efficacy. SUMMARY Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are increasingly used to treat genitourinary (GU) malignancies. However, clinical data regarding patients with advanced-stage GU malignancies treated with ICI is lacking. Thus, we performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study on patients with metastatic and unresectable renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma who were treated with ICIs at the University of Michigan to provide demographic and clinicopathologic data regarding this population. We specifically focused on immune-related adverse events (irAEs), immune-mediated allergies, and the associated overall response rates (ORR). To better assess performance status, we calculated comorbidity scores for all patients. Finally, survival analyses for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling, stratifying and controlling for clinicopathologic baseline factors, including sites of metastases, in our multivariable analysis. A total of 160 patients were identified with advanced RCC or urothelial carcinoma. We found decreased PFS (2.8 vs. 5.0 months) and decreased OS (9.8 vs. 23.6 months) for urothelial carcinoma compared to RCC patients. We noted that patients who experienced increased frequency and higher grades of irAEs had better treatment ORR with ICI therapy (P ≤ 0.0001). The presence of liver metastases was associated with worse ORR (P = 0.001), PFS (P = 0.0014), and OS (P = 0.0028) compared to other sites of metastases including lymph node, lung, and CNS/bone. The poor PFS and OS associated with urothelial carcinoma and liver metastases were preserved in our multivariable modeling after controlling for pertinent clinical factors. We conclude that greater frequency and higher grades of irAEs are associated with better treatment response in GU malignancy patients receiving ICI, a finding that is consistent with published studies in other cancers. The presence of liver metastases represents a significantly poor predictive marker in GU malignancy treated with ICI. Our findings contribute to the growing body of literature that seeks to understand the clinicopathologic variables and outcomes associated with ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Christopher T Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Miriam Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Olesia Kellezi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Megan N Dahl
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Miloni A Shah
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephanie Erickson
- Department of PreMedical PostBaccalaureate, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica Lora
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Reema Hamasha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alicia Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sabrina Yancey
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Leah Kiros
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hannah M Balicki
- College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel C Winfield
- Department of PreMedical PostBaccalaureate, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ajjai S Alva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Liver metastasis restrains immunotherapy efficacy via macrophage-mediated T cell elimination. Nat Med 2021; 27:152-164. [PMID: 33398162 PMCID: PMC8095049 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1131-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer mortality, and cancer frequently metastasizes to the liver. It is not clear whether liver immune tolerance mechanisms contribute to cancer outcomes. We report that liver metastases diminish immunotherapy efficacy systemically in patients and preclinical models. Patients with liver metastases derive limited benefit from immunotherapy independent of other established biomarkers of response. In multiple mouse models, we show that liver metastases siphon activated CD8+ T cells from systemic circulation. Within the liver, activated antigen-specific Fas+CD8+ T cells undergo apoptosis following their interaction with FasL+CD11b+F4/80+ monocyte-derived macrophages. Consequently, liver metastases create a systemic immune desert in preclinical models. Similarly, patients with liver metastases have reduced peripheral T cell numbers and diminished tumoral T cell diversity and function. In preclinical models, liver-directed radiotherapy eliminates immunosuppressive hepatic macrophages, increases hepatic T cell survival and reduces hepatic siphoning of T cells. Thus, liver metastases co-opt host peripheral tolerance mechanisms to cause acquired immunotherapy resistance through CD8+ T cell deletion, and the combination of liver-directed radiotherapy and immunotherapy could promote systemic antitumor immunity.
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Qi X, Yang M, Stenberg J, Dey R, Fogwe L, Alam MS, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O'Carroll KF, Li G. Gut microbiota mediated molecular events and therapy in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7603-7618. [PMID: 33505139 PMCID: PMC7789060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i48.7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a community of microorganisms that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. An increasing number of studies has demonstrated that the gut-liver axis plays a critical role in liver homeostasis. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota can cause liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease. Preclinical and clinical investigations have substantiated that the metabolites and other molecules derived from gut microbiota and diet interaction function as mediators to cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and final cancer. This effect has been demonstrated to be associated with dysregulation of intrahepatic immunity and liver metabolism. Targeting these findings have led to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated impact on liver disease. We also summarize the advancement of gut microbiota-based therapeutic strategies in the control of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Qi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- VA Hospital, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- VA Hospital, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Joseph Stenberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Rahul Dey
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | - Leslie Fogwe
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
| | | | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- VA Hospital, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Kevin F Staveley-O'Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- VA Hospital, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
- VA Hospital, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, United States
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Li L, Zeng Z. Live Imaging of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in the Liver. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564768. [PMID: 33042143 PMCID: PMC7527534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response in the liver is determined by the spatial organization and cellular dynamics of hepatic immune cells. The liver vasculature accommodates abundant tissue-resident innate immune cells, such as Kupffer cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T cells, to ensure efficient intravascular immunosurveillance. The fenestrated sinusoids also allow direct contact between circulating T cells and non-canonical antigen-presenting cells, such as hepatocytes, to instruct adaptive immune responses. Distinct cellular behaviors are exploited by liver immune cells to exert proper functions. Intravital imaging enables real-time visualization of individual immune cell in living animals, representing a powerful tool in dissecting the spatiotemporal features of intrahepatic immune cells during steady state and liver diseases. This review summarizes current advances in liver immunology prompted by in vivo imaging, with a particular focus on liver-resident innate immune cells and hepatic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhutian Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Xu T, Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu C, Fu W, Zeng C, Chen Y. Imaging features and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT detection of soft-tissue metastasis from lung cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:596. [PMID: 32586285 PMCID: PMC7318454 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft-tissue metastasis (STM) is a relatively rare, but not exceptional, manifestation of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of STM from lung cancer using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), and assess the impact of STM detected at baseline PET/CT on patient survival. METHODS Out of 4543 patients with lung cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT in our hospital between January 2013 and September 2018, 85 were diagnosed with STM (78 at baseline PET/CT and 7 at restaging PET/CT) and included in the imaging study. We conducted a comparative survival analysis between patients with stage 4 lung cancer with and without STM at baseline PET/CT (n = 78 in each group) and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate the factors affecting the prognosis of lung cancer. RESULTS A total of 219 lesions were identified by 18F-FDG PET/CT: 215 were detected by PET and 139 by CT. Muscle STM were primarily found in the hip and upper limb muscle, whereas subcutaneous STM were mainly distributed in the chest, abdomen, and back. In 68 patients, STM were found incidentally during routine 18F-FDG PET/CT staging. Isolated STM were detected in 6 patients, whose tumor staging and treatment were affected by PET/CT findings. There were no significant differences in the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates between patients with and without STM at baseline PET/CT. Brain and adrenal metastases, but not STM, were associated with poor prognosis of stage 4 lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS We described the PET/CT imaging characteristics of STM from lung cancer, and confirmed that PET/CT can detect unsuspected STM to change the staging and treatment of some patients. Our analysis indicates that STM is not a useful prognostic indicator for patients with advanced lung cancer, while brain and adrenal metastases portend a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Shumao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000
| | - Wenhui Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Chengrun Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China, 646000. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, PR China.
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Zongyi Y, Xiaowu L. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 470:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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So-Armah K, Freiberg M, Cheng D, Lim JK, Gnatienko N, Patts G, Doyle M, Fuster D, Lioznov D, Krupitsky E, Samet J. Liver fibrosis and accelerated immune dysfunction (immunosenescence) among HIV-infected Russians with heavy alcohol consumption - an observational cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 20:1. [PMID: 31892306 PMCID: PMC6938606 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The multifactorial mechanisms driving negative health outcomes among risky drinkers with HIV may include immunosenescence. Immunosenescence, aging of the immune system, may be accentuated in HIV and leads to poor outcomes. The liver regulates innate immunity and adaptive immune tolerance. HIV-infected people have high prevalence of liver-related comorbidities. We hypothesize that advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis is associated with alterations in T-cell subsets consistent with immunosenescence. Methods ART-naïve people with HIV with a recent history of heavy drinking were recruited into a clinical trial of zinc supplementation. Flow cytometry was used to characterize T-cell subsets. The two primary dependent variables were CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells expressing CD28-CD57+ (senescent cell phenotype). Secondary dependent variables were CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells expressing CD45RO + CD45RA- (memory phenotype), CD45RO-CD45RA+ (naïve phenotype), and the naïve phenotype to memory phenotype T-cell ratio (lower ratios associated with immunosenescence). Advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was defined as FIB-4 > 3.25, APRI≥1.5, or Fibroscan measurement ≥10.5 kPa. Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders. Results Mean age was 34 years; 25% female; 88% hepatitis C. Those with advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis (N = 25) had higher HIV-1 RNA and more hepatitis C. Advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was not significantly associated with primary or secondary outcomes in adjusted analyses. Conclusions Advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was not significantly associated with these senescent T-cell phenotypes in this exploratory study of recent drinkers with HIV. Future studies should assess whether liver fibrosis among those with HIV viral suppression and more advanced, longstanding liver disease is associated with changes in these and other potentially senescent T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaku So-Armah
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Crosstown Building, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Matthew Freiberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Debbie Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph K Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Gregory Patts
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Daniel Fuster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Dmitry Lioznov
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, First Pavlov State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny Krupitsky
- First Pavlov State Medical University, V. M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Samet
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Wilson DS, Damo M, Hirosue S, Raczy MM, Brünggel K, Diaceri G, Quaglia-Thermes X, Hubbell JA. Synthetically glycosylated antigens induce antigen-specific tolerance and prevent the onset of diabetes. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:817-829. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li C, Chen L, Liu X, Shi X, Guo Y, Huang R, Nie F, Zheng C, Zhang C, Ma RZ. A high-density BAC physical map covering the entire MHC region of addax antelope genome. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:479. [PMID: 31185912 PMCID: PMC6558854 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) harbours clusters of genes associated with the immunological defence of animals against infectious pathogens. At present, no complete MHC physical map is available for any of the wild ruminant species in the world. RESULTS The high-density physical map is composed of two contigs of 47 overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, with an average of 115 Kb for each BAC, covering the entire addax MHC genome. The first contig has 40 overlapping BAC clones covering an approximately 2.9 Mb region of MHC class I, class III, and class IIa, and the second contig has 7 BAC clones covering an approximately 500 Kb genomic region that harbours MHC class IIb. The relative position of each BAC corresponding to the MHC sequence was determined by comparative mapping using PCR screening of the BAC library of 192,000 clones, and the order of BACs was determined by DNA fingerprinting. The overlaps of neighboring BACs were cross-verified by both BAC-end sequencing and co-amplification of identical PCR fragments within the overlapped region, with their identities further confirmed by DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS We report here the successful construction of a high-quality physical map for the addax MHC region using BACs and comparative mapping. The addax MHC physical map we constructed showed one gap of approximately 18 Mb formed by an ancient autosomal inversion that divided the MHC class II into IIa and IIb. The autosomal inversion provides compelling evidence that the MHC organizations in all of the ruminant species are relatively conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building #2, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longxin Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building #2, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building #2, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building #2, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangyuan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building #2, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changming Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Beijing Zoo, No. 137 West straight door Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, S2-316 Building #2, West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Liver-Resident NK Cells Control Antiviral Activity of Hepatic T Cells via the PD-1-PD-L1 Axis. Immunity 2019; 50:403-417.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Breakdown of adaptive immunotolerance induces hepatocellular carcinoma in HBsAg-tg mice. Nat Commun 2019; 10:221. [PMID: 30644386 PMCID: PMC6333806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can induce chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite evidence suggesting a link between adaptive immunity and HBV-related diseases in humans, the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved are seldom described. Here we show that expression of TIGIT, a promising immune checkpoint in tumor immunotherapy, increases with age on hepatic CD8+ T cells in HBsAg-transgenic (HBs-tg) mice whose adaptive immune system is tolerant to HBsAg. TIGIT blockade or deficiency leads to chronic hepatitis and fibrosis, along with the emergence of functional HBsAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), suggesting adaptive immune tolerance could be broken by TIGIT blockade or deficiency. Importantly, HBsAg vaccination further induces nonresolving inflammation and HCC in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner in TIGIT-blocked or -deficient HBs-tg mice. Therefore, CD8+ T cells play an important role in adaptive immunity-mediated tumor progression and TIGIT is critical in maintenance of liver tolerance by keeping CTLs in homeostatic balance. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with immune tolerance to HBV. Here the authors show, in a transgenic mouse model, that rescuing T cells function via inhibition of co-inhibitory receptor TIGIT results in HCC development via supporting inflammation.
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Feng RY, Chen Q, Yang WJ, Tong XG, Sun ZM, Yan H. Immune Tolerance Therapy: A New Method for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1990-1998. [PMID: 30082532 PMCID: PMC6085845 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.238147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Due to the special anatomical structure and pathophysiological mechanism of the central nervous system (CNS), there is a big difference between the repair of brain injury and other systems of the body. More and more evidence shows that targetedly reducing the autoimmune response of brain tissue without affecting the immune function in other parts of the body will be the best optimized treatment for brain injury. Data Sources: This review was based on data in articles published in PubMed up to June 5, 2017, with the following keywords: “immune tolerance”, “traumatic brain injury”, and “central nervous system”. Study Selection: Original articles and critical reviews on immune tolerance and brain damage were selected for this review. References of the retrieved articles were also screened to search for potentially relevant papers. Results: The CNS is isolated from the immune system through the blood-brain barrier. After brain injury, brain antigens are released into the systemic circulation to induce damaging immune responses. Immune tolerance can effectively reduce the brain edema and neurological inflammatory response after brain injury, which is beneficial to the recovery of neurological function. The clinical application prospect and theoretical research value of the treatment of immune tolerance on traumatic brain injury (TBI) is worth attention. Conclusions: The establishment of immune tolerance mechanism has a high clinical value in the treatment of TBI. It opens up new opportunities for the treatment of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei-Jian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
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Schmid S, Diem S, Li Q, Krapf M, Flatz L, Leschka S, Desbiolles L, Klingbiel D, Jochum W, Früh M. Organ-specific response to nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1825-1832. [PMID: 30171269 PMCID: PMC11028265 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors depends on tumor intrinsic properties and also on host factors in the tumour microenvironment including the presence of immune cells (IC). We hypothesized that nivolumab efficacy varies across different metastatic sites. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed computed tomography scans of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) receiving nivolumab. RECIST 1.1 criteria were applied to assess the overall response rate (ORR) and organ-specific response rate (OSRR). RESULTS We analyzed 52 patients including 44% females, 58% adenocarcinoma and 8% never smokers. Involved organs had target-lesions in the lung (42%), liver (25%), lymph nodes (56%) and soft tissue (13%) and non-target lesions in the bones (23%). ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 20% and 45%, respectively. Median overall survival, progression-free survival and duration of response were 11.9, 2.3 and 10.3 months. OSRR and organ-specific DCR (OSDCR) were 28% and 90% in lymph nodes, 8% and 54 in the liver, and 9% and 55% in lung metastases. Nine out of 12 patients with bone metastases had progressive lesions. The cumulative incidence probability of organ-specific progression at 6 months was 14% in lymph nodes, 42% in the liver, 36% in lung metastases and 26% in the primary tumor, 29% in soft tissue and 33% in adrenal metastases. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the efficacy of immunotherapy is dependent on the metastatic location. Treatment appears more active in lymph nodes compared to other organ sites such as liver, adrenals and bone. Future strategies may include additional local treatment in case of oligoprogression in these organs in patients with otherwise sustained treatment benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schmid
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Diem
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Immunbiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology/Haematology, Spital Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland
| | - Qiyu Li
- SAKK, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Immunbiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Leschka
- Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lotus Desbiolles
- Department of Radiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Klingbiel
- SAKK, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Früh
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Wang X, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma T, Li Q, Xu J, Xu L. The doses of plasmid backbone plays a major role in determining the HBV clearance in hydrodynamic injection mouse model. Virol J 2018; 15:89. [PMID: 29783985 PMCID: PMC5963156 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-1002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects approximately 350 million people worldwide, causing a major risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many mouse models have been tried to establish HBV infection through injection with various HBV-containing plasmids. However, it is not well understood that different plasmids, all of which contain the similar HBV genome, even the same plasmids with different dose, results in opposite immune responses toward HBV. Methods In this study, we investigated the role of HBV-containing plasmid backbones and the HBcAg in determining the HBV persistence. C57BL/6 mice were injected hydrodynamically with 6 μg or 20 μg of WT pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid, e/core-null pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid, or none-HBV genome pAAV/control plasmid. Serum levels of HBV-related markers were measured by quantitative immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Liver HBcAg expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA levels of cytokines and Th1-related immune factors were quantified by qRT-PCR. Results All mice injected with 6 μg of the pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid shows HBsAg positive at week 6 after hydrodynamic injection (AHI) as previously investigated. However, the mice injected with 20 μg pAAV/HBV1.2 or 6μgpAAV/HBV1.2 plus 14μgpAAV/control plasmid results in HBV clearance within 4 weeks AHI, indicating the anti-HBV activity is induced by 20 μg plasmid DNA, but not by the inserted viral genome. This anti-HBV activity is independent of HBcAg and Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, since the lack of HBcAg in pAAV/HBV1.2 plasmid or stimulation with TLRs agonists does not influence the kinetics of serum HBsAg in mice. The mRNA levels of t-bet and cxcr3 were dramatically up-regulated in the liver of the mice injected with 20 μg plasmid DNA. Conclusion Our studies demonstrate that plasmid backbones are responsible for modulating immune responses to determine HBV persistence or clearance in our HBV mouse model by hydrodynamic injection of HBV-containing plasmid, and Th1 cells play key roles on HBV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children' s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qun Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiegou Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Shibata M, Iwane T, Higuchi R, Suwa K, Nakajima K. Potential common factors associated with predisposition to common cold in middle-aged and elderly Japanese: A community-based cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10729. [PMID: 29768343 PMCID: PMC5976333 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
People worldwide frequently catch a common cold, which occasionally develops into secondary severe conditions such as pneumonia. However, it is unclear whether predisposition to the common cold is associated with the individual's characteristics including age, body weight, lifestyles, diets, and intestinal functions, besides exposure to a responsible pathogen. We addressed this issue epidemiologically considering many relevant clinical factors.We reviewed data from a cross-sectional study consisting of 39,524 apparently healthy Japanese aged 40 to 79 years (26,975 men and 12,549 women) who underwent a checkup in 2007. Self-reported predisposition to common cold (SPCC) and relevant clinical conditions and parameters were considered.We observed no significant difference in most clinical parameters including age, body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and prevalence of men and current smokers between subjects with and without SPCC. In univariate analysis, circulating white blood cell (WBC) count and serum alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly higher in subjects with SPCC than in those without, whereas serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and duration of sleep were lower. In logistic regression analysis after full adjustment for relevant confounding factors, BMI categories except BMI of ≥27.0 kg/m were significantly associated with SPCC compared with BMI of 23.0 to 24.9 kg/m. Short duration of sleep (≤5 hours), occasional alcohol drinking, and no-exercise were significantly associated with SPCC compared with 7 hours sleep duration, no-drinking alcohol, and low frequent exercise (twice per month), respectively. All gastrointestinal disorders (gastric complaints, constipation, and diarrhea) were independently associated with SPCC. Imbalanced diet and taking a snack were also associated with SPCC in a degree dependent manner. Furthermore, WBC count, serum ALT, and HDL-C (as continuous variables) were associated with SPCC (HDL-C was inversely), whereas no significant association was observed between SPCC and age, smoking, HbA1c, and pharmacotherapy for diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Our results demonstrated that multifactorial conditions and parameters might be simultaneously associated with the predisposition to common cold. Prospective studies including detailed common cold questionnaire and measurements are needed to confirm currently suspected causative and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michi Shibata
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services
- Department of Nutrition, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa
| | - Taizo Iwane
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services
| | - Ryoko Higuchi
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services
| | - Kaname Suwa
- Saitama Health Promotion Corporation, Yoshimimachi, Hikigun
| | - Kei Nakajima
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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Zheng M, Sun H, Tian Z. Natural killer cells in liver diseases. Front Med 2018; 12:269-279. [PMID: 29675689 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver has been characterized as a frontline lymphoid organ with complex immunological features such as liver immunity and liver tolerance. Liver tolerance plays an important role in liver diseases including acute inflammation, chronic infection, autoimmune disease, and tumors. The liver contains a large proportion of natural killer (NK) cells, which exhibit heterogeneity in phenotypic and functional characteristics. NK cell activation, well known for its role in the immune surveillance against tumor and pathogen-infected cells, depends on the balance between numerous activating and inhibitory signals. In addition to the innate direct "killer" functions, NK cell activity contributes to regulate innate and adaptive immunity (helper or regulator). Under the setting of liver diseases, NK cells are of great importance for stimulating or inhibiting immune responses, leading to either immune activation or immune tolerance. Here, we focus on the relationship between NK cell biology, such as their phenotypic features and functional diversity, and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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de Mingo Pulido Á, de Gregorio E, Chandra S, Colell A, Morales A, Kronenberg M, Marí M. Differential Role of Cathepsins S and B In Hepatic APC-Mediated NKT Cell Activation and Cytokine Secretion. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29541077 PMCID: PMC5836516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells exhibit a specific tissue distribution, displaying the liver the highest NKT/conventional T cell ratio. Upon antigen stimulation, NKT cells secrete Th1 cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ), and Th2 cytokines, including IL-4 that recruit and activate other innate immune cells to exacerbate inflammatory responses in the liver. Cysteine cathepsins control hepatic inflammation by regulating κB-dependent gene expression. However, the contribution of cysteine cathepsins other than Cathepsin S to NKT cell activation has remained largely unexplored. Here we report that cysteine cathepsins, cathepsin B (CTSB) and cathepsin S (CTSS), regulate different aspects of NKT cell activation. Inhibition of CTSB or CTSS reduced hepatic NKT cell expansion in a mouse model after LPS challenge. By contrast, only CTSS inhibition reduced IFNγ and IL-4 secretion after in vivo α-GalCer administration. Accordingly, in vitro studies reveal that only CTSS was able to control α-GalCer-dependent loading in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), probably due to altered endolysosomal protein degradation. In summary, our study discloses the participation of cysteine cathepsins, CTSB and CTSS, in the activation of NKT cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro de Mingo Pulido
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shilpi Chandra
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC) and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Challenges for Integrating Immunotoxicology into the Twenty-First-Century Toxicology Testing Paradigm. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1803:385-396. [PMID: 29882151 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8549-4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An emerging emphasis on mechanism-focused and human-relevant alternatives to animal use in toxicology underlies the toxicology testing in the twenty-first-century initiative. Herein we describe in vitro high-throughput screening programs seeking to address this goal, as well as strategies established to integrate assay results to build weight of evidence in support of hazard assessment. Furthermore, we discuss unique challenges facing the application of such alternatives for assessing immunotoxicity given the complexity of immune responses. Addressing these challenges will require the development of novel in vitro assays that evaluate well-characterized biochemical processes involved in immune response to help inform on putative adverse outcomes in vivo.
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