1
|
Givens DI. Animal board invited review: Dietary transition from animal to plant-derived foods: Are there risks to health? Animal 2024; 18:101263. [PMID: 39121724 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-derived foods (ADFs) are a very varied group of foods, but many are nutrient rich and contain higher quality protein than provided by plant-derived foods such that a simple replacement of ADF protein is likely to lead to a reduction in overall protein quality. In addition, many ADFs are richer in some nutrients than plant-based foods (e.g. Fe, Ca) and these often have a higher bioavailability. ADFs also provide nutrients that plants cannot supply (e.g. vitamin B12) and some provide beneficial health functionality (e.g. hypotensive) which is not explained by traditional nutrition. However, there remains a good health reason to increase the proportion of plant-derived food in many diets to increase the intake of dietary fibre which is often consumed at very sub-optimal levels. It seems logical that the increased plant-derived foods should replace the ADFs that have the least benefit, the greatest risk to health and the highest environmental impact. Processed meat fits these characteristics and should be an initial target for replacement with plant-based based protein-rich foods that additionally provide the necessary nutrients and have high-quality dietary fibre. Processed meat covers a wide range of products including several traditional foods (e.g. sausages) which will make decisions on food replacement challenging. There is therefore an urgent need for research to better define the relative health risks associated with the range of processed meat-based foods. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence on the benefits and risks of this dietary transition including the absolute necessity to consider initial nutrient status before the replacement of ADFs is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Virtanen JK, Larsson SC. Eggs - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10507. [PMID: 38370115 PMCID: PMC10870976 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer are a significant public health burden in the Nordic and Baltic countries. High intake of eggs, mainly due to its high cholesterol content, has been suggested to have adverse health effects. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the evidence related to the impact of egg intake on health. A literature search identified 38 systematic reviews and meta-analyses on egg consumption in relation to health outcomes published between 2011 and 30 April 2022. Overall, current evidence from systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials indicates that higher egg intake may increase serum total cholesterol concentration and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but with substantial heterogeneity in the response. However, recent evidence from observational studies does not provide strong support for a detrimental role of moderate egg consumption (up to one egg/day) on the risk of CVD, especially in the European studies. The overall evidence from observational studies indicates that egg consumption is not associated with increased risk of mortality or T2D in European study populations. There is also little support for a role of egg consumption in cancer development, although a weak association with higher risk of certain cancers has been found in some studies, mainly case-control studies. Again, no associations with cancer risk have been observed in European studies. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of egg consumption in relation to other health-related outcomes are scarce. There are also limited data available on the associations between the consumption of more than one egg/day and risk of diseases. Based on the available evidence, one egg/day is unlikely to adversely affect overall disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyrki K. Virtanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carter S, Hill AM, Yandell C, Buckley JD, Coates AM. Study protocol for a 15-week randomised controlled trial assessing the independent effects of high-cholesterol and high-saturated fat diets on LDL cholesterol. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081664. [PMID: 38272555 PMCID: PMC10823933 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has associated high dietary cholesterol intake with raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and thus increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging research suggests that it is saturated fat, not dietary cholesterol, associated with increased CVD risk. Despite being high in cholesterol, eggs, low in saturated fat, are not adversely associated with blood lipids or CVD risk. This paper describes a randomised controlled counter-balanced, cross-over trial assessing the effects of a high-cholesterol/low-saturated fat (egg) diet and a low-cholesterol/high-saturated fat diet (egg free) on blood lipids and lipoproteins, while accounting for physical activity levels which can also influence these parameters. The primary aim is to demonstrate that high cholesterol intake (from eggs) within a healthy, low-saturated fat diet does not adversely affect blood lipid levels and lipoprotein profiles. Instead, we propose that adverse effects on these parameters are mediated by saturated fat intake. The secondary aim is to explore relationships between changes in blood lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and alterations in physical activity, examining whether changes in physical activity mediate effects on blood lipids and lipoproteins. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Fifty-two adults aged 18-60 years with LDL-C less than 3.5 mmol/L will be randomly allocated to three isocaloric diets for 5 weeks each: a high-cholesterol (600 mg)/low-saturated fat (6%) (egg) diet, a low-cholesterol (300 mg)/high-saturated fat (12%) (egg free) diet and a control diet that is high in both cholesterol (600 mg) and saturated fat (12%). Lipid and lipoprotein levels, lipoprotein size and concentrations, blood pressure, blood glucose, physical activity levels, and plasma lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations will be measured. Treatment effects will be analysed using linear mixed effects models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee no. 204 327. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05267522.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine Yandell
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Buckley
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Emrani AS, Beigrezaei S, Zademohammadi F, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effect of whole egg consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Syst Rev 2023; 12:125. [PMID: 37461099 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of studies have directly examined the effect of whole eggs on body weight and composition in adults, and they have led to inconsistent results. This study aimed to summarize the evidence on the effect of whole egg consumption on body weight and body composition in adults from clinical trials. METHODS Online databases were searched from inception to April 2023 for clinical trials that directly or indirectly assessed the effect of whole eggs consumption on anthropometric measures including body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat-free mass (FFM) in adults. A random effects model was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS In total, 32 controlled clinical trials were included in the systematic review. The analyses revealed that whole egg consumption has no significant effect on body weight (n = 22), BMI (n = 13), WC (n = 10), and FFM (n = 4, P > 0.05). The subgroup analyses showed that whole egg consumption has an increasing effect on body weight and BMI in studies that lasted more than 12 weeks and in unhealthy participants (P < 0.05). A significant increasing effect on BMI was found in studies that the control group did not receive any egg (P < 0.05). Moreover, in studies that there was no significant difference in energy intake between the intervention and control groups, weight, and WC were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, in studies that participants in the control group received another food or supplement, studies with calorie restriction, and studies on healthy subjects, whole egg intake significantly decreased BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although whole egg consumption had no adverse effect on body composition and body weight, in overall, it might increase body weight in long term. Egg consumption beneficially affects BMI in healthy people and during weight loss diet. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This systematic review and meta-analysis is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration number: CRD42022308045).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Sadat Emrani
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Faezeh Zademohammadi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8915173160, Iran.
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-communicable Deseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Impact of Processing and Extraction Methods on the Allergenicity of Targeted Protein Quantification as Well as Bioactive Peptides Derived from Egg. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062658. [PMID: 36985630 PMCID: PMC10053729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses advanced extraction methods to enhance the functionality of egg-derived peptides while reducing their allergenicity. While eggs are considered a nutrient-dense food, some proteins can cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Therefore, various methods have been developed to reduce the allergenicity of egg-derived proteins, such as enzymatic hydrolysis, heat treatment, and glycosylation. In addition to reducing allergenicity, advanced extraction methods can enhance the functionality of egg-derived peptides. Techniques such as membrane separation, chromatography, and electrodialysis can isolate and purify specific egg-derived peptides with desired functional properties, improving their bioactivity. Further, enzymatic hydrolysis can also break down polypeptide sequences and produce bioactive peptides with various health benefits. While liquid chromatography is the most commonly used method to obtain individual proteins for developing novel food products, several challenges are associated with optimizing extraction conditions to maximize functionality and allergenicity reduction. The article also highlights the challenges and future perspectives, including optimizing extraction conditions to maximize functionality and allergenicity reduction. The review concludes by highlighting the potential for future research in this area to improve the safety and efficacy of egg-derived peptides more broadly.
Collapse
|
6
|
Egg Intake Is Associated with Lower Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and High Blood Pressure in Framingham Offspring Study Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030507. [PMID: 36771213 PMCID: PMC9920838 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between egg consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure (HBP) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) is still under debate. This study examines the association between egg consumption and these outcomes among 2349 30-64 year-old adults in the prospective Framingham Offspring Study. Diet was assessed using three-day dietary records. Potential confounders retained in the final models included age, sex, body mass index, and other dietary factors. The analysis of covariance and Cox proportional hazard's models were used to assess the relevant continuous (i.e., FG, SBP, DBP) and categorical (i.e., T2D, HBP) outcomes. Consuming ≥5 eggs per week was associated with lower mean FG (p = 0.0004) and SBP (p = 0.0284) after four years of follow-up. Higher egg intakes led to lower risks of developing IFG or T2D (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.51-1.03) and high blood pressure (HBP) (HR: 0.68; 0.50-0.93). The beneficial effects of egg consumption were stronger in combination with other healthy dietary patterns. This study found that regular egg consumption as part of a healthy diet had long-term beneficial effects on blood pressure and glucose metabolism and lowered the long-term risks of high blood pressure and diabetes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mesas AE, Garrido-Miguel M, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Fernández-Franco S, Lugones-Sánchez C, García-Ortiz L, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. The association of egg consumption with blood pressure levels and glycated hemoglobin in Spanish adults according to body mass index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17465. [PMID: 36261679 PMCID: PMC9582218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of egg consumption with blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In addition, it was assessed whether this association changes according to body weight status. This cross-sectional study is based on multicenter data from Spanish adult participants in the EVIDENT II trial. Egg consumption was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and data on BP and HbA1c were collected using standardized procedures. Linear regression and ANCOVA models adjusted for the main confounders were performed. The analyses were stratified by body weight status. A total of 668 participants were analyzed (mean age 52.4 ± 11.8 years, 62.3% women). Compared with lower consumption, higher egg consumption was associated with lower systolic (ß = - 6.15 ± 1.74; p-for-trend = 0.017), diastolic (ß = - 4.41 ± 1.03; p-for-trend = 0.002), and mean arterial pressure (ß = - 4.99 ± 1.17; p-for-trend = 0.003) and with lower HbA1c (ß = - 0.19 ± 0.06; p-for-trend = 0.019) levels. These associations lost statistical significance in the adjusted analyses. The results did not vary by body weight status. In conclusion, consumption of up to 1 egg per day is not associated with BP or HbA1c, even in overweight or obese individuals. Our findings suggested that this frequency of egg consumption is safe as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle for cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Eumann Mesas
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain ,grid.411400.00000 0001 2193 3537Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain ,grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Campus Universitario , s/n (Edificio Benjamín Palencia), 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- grid.452531.4Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACyL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- grid.452531.4Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACyL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain ,grid.11762.330000 0001 2180 1817Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain ,RedIAPP: Red Española de Investigación Para Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain ,RedIAPP: Red Española de Investigación Para Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 1101 Talca, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jannasch F, Dietrich S, Bishop TRP, Pearce M, Fanidi A, O'Donoghue G, O'Gorman D, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Bes-Rastrollo M, Byberg L, Wolk A, Hashemian M, Malekzadeh R, Poustchi H, Luft VC, de Matos SMA, Kim J, Kim MK, Kim Y, Stern D, Lajous M, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Akbaraly T, Kivimaki M, Maskarinec G, Le Marchand L, Martínez-González MÁ, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Schulze MB. Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3649-3667. [PMID: 35641800 PMCID: PMC9464116 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. METHODS This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8-25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059-1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I2 = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRRpooled per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027-1.088). CONCLUSION Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP-T2D associations were confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Jannasch
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany. .,NutriAct Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Potsdam-Berlin, Nuthetal, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Dietrich
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom R P Bishop
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Pearce
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anouar Fanidi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Gráinne O'Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Office BH10-642, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Office BH10-642, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biology Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Utica College, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vivian C Luft
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonjung Kim
- Division of Health and Nutrition Survey and Analysis, Korea Disease Control Prevention Agency, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dalia Stern
- CONACyT-Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Martin Lajous
- CONACyT-Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Tasnime Akbaraly
- Inserm U 1018, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme - SUD, Montpellier, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research On Psychological and Somatic Disorders (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Potsdam-Berlin, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Uusitupa M. Sources of animal proteins and type 2 diabetes risk - decreasing the consumption of red meat is well grounded. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110072. [PMID: 36067914 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti Uusitupa
- Professor Emeritus, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Eskandani M, Navidshad B, Eskandani M, Vandghanooni S, Aghjehgheshlagh FM, Nobakht A, Shahbazfar AA. The effects of L-carnitine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on performance, antioxidant parameters, and expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in laying hens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102162. [PMID: 36191516 PMCID: PMC9529590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the production performance, antioxidant parameters, egg yolk cholesterol content, and expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism in laying hens fed L-carnitine (LC) and L-carnitine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (LC-SLNs). A total of 350 Hy-Line (w-36) laying hens at 50 wk of age (1520.0 ± 0.7 g) were randomly assigned to 35 units (5 replicates and 50 hens in each treatment) with seven dietary treatments as a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets, including 1) Control (basal diet); 2) Basal diet +50 mg/kg LC (50LC); 3) Basal diet +100 mg/kg LC (100LC); 4) Basal diet +150 mg/kg LC (150LC); 5) Basal diet +50 mg/kg LC-SLNs (50LC-SLNs); 6) Basal diet +100 mg/kg LC-SLNs (100LC-SLNs) and 7) Basal diet +150 mg/kg LC-SLNs (150LC-SLNs). Results showed that the 50LC-SLNs had the least feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all groups (P < 0.05). The dietary supplementation of 100LC-SLNs decreased (P < 0.01) the egg yolk cholesterol concentration from 14.71 to 11.76 mg/g yolk (25%). The 50LC-SLNs group produced the most total antioxidant capacity with a difference of 58.44% compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The greatest amount of total superoxide dismutase was found for 50LC-SLNs (P < 0.05), while the glutathione peroxidase was not affected by the experimental treatments (P > 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde levels were reduced by 50.52% in laying hens fed 50LC-SLNs compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The transcript level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the LC and LC-SLNs groups. The expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the plain LC (∼83%) and LC-SLNs (∼91%) groups. The inclusion of LC-SLNs in the diet increased (P < 0.05) the villus height and decreased villus width in all three parts of the small intestine. Dietary inclusion of LC was found to reduce egg yolk and serum cholesterol content by improving the production performance and antioxidant status. The LC-SLNs groups were more affected than the plain LC groups, which may be attributed to the increased bioavailability of LC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cea-Soriano L, Pulido J, Franch-Nadal J, Santos JM, Mata-Cases M, Díez-Espino J, Ruiz-García A, Regidor E. Mediterranean diet and diabetes risk in a cohort study of individuals with prediabetes: propensity score analyses. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14768. [PMID: 34897805 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of several dietary patterns plus physical activity to reduce diabetes onset in people with prediabetes. However, there is no evidence on the effect from the Mediterranean diet on the progression from prediabetes to diabetes. We aimed to evaluate the effect from high adherence to Mediterranean diet on the risk of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. METHODS Prospective cohort study in Spanish Primary Care setting. A total of 1184 participants with prediabetes based on levels of fasting plasma glucose and/or glycated hemoglobin were followed up for a mean of 4.2 years. A total of 210 participants developed diabetes type 2 during the follow up. Hazard ratios of diabetes onset were estimated by Cox proportional regression models associated to high versus low/medium adherence to Mediterranean diet. Different propensity score methods were used to control for potential confounders. RESULTS Incidence rate of diabetes in participants with high versus low/medium adherence to Mediterranean diet was 2.9 versus 4.8 per 100 persons-years. The hazard ratios adjusted for propensity score and by inverse probability weighting (IPW) had identical magnitude: 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.93). The hazard ratio in the adjusted model using propensity score matching 1:2 was 0.56 (95% confidence interval, 0.37-0.84). CONCLUSIONS These propensity score analyses suggest that high adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces diabetes risk in people with prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cea-Soriano
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pulido
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Franch-Nadal
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona City Research Support Unit/University Institute for Research in Primary Care Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana M Santos
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Mata-Cases
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Barcelona City Research Support Unit/University Institute for Research in Primary Care Jordi Gol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- La Mina Primary Care Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez-Espino
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Tafalla Health Center, Navarra, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Ruiz-García
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Salud Universitario Pinto, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- redGDPS Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Identification of different lipoprotein response types in people following a Mediterranean diet pattern with and without whole eggs. Nutr Res 2022; 105:82-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Quintão ECR. Does eating eggs matter? ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:152-156. [PMID: 35420270 PMCID: PMC9832897 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary cholesterol is absorbed in proportion to the amount ingested, blocking its hepatic synthesis, increasing its biliary excretion, only slightly increasing production of bile acids while potentially raising the serum concentration of the atherogenic low-density lipoprotein. Humans lie midway between rats and rabbits that respond to dietary cholesterol, respectively, with high and low capacity to produce bile acids, and low or high capacity to raise blood cholesterol. There are regular studies exonerating as well as blaming dietary cholesterol as a cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in genetic hypercholesterolemic individuals. We then resorted at reviewing all meta-analyses on the subject but failed to reach at a clear conclusion useful in medical practice. Nevertheless, ingestion of the same amount of cholesterol results in wide variation in the amounts absorbed and in plasma lipoprotein profiles depending on poorly understood genetic factors. Several genetic conditions are capable of interfering with the absorption and synthesis of cholesterol. Hyperabsorption of dietary cholesterol elicits the accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and in plasma. In this regard, most cases of familial hypercholesterolemia that have a case of intestinal hyperabsorption of cholesterol also demonstrate the same defect. A practical useful suggestion is to measure for a few weeks the total serum cholesterol and its fractions at least three times before and during the intake of eggs that the candidate wishes to maintain in his usual dietary practice as an efficient procedure to identify those who respond with undesirable increases in serum cholesterol.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang K, Wang L, Liu L, Zhou P, Mo S, Luo S, Zhang Y, Wang K, Yuan Y, Yin Z, Zhang Y. Longitudinal association of egg intake frequency with cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:908-917. [PMID: 35168825 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reducing dietary cholesterol is generally acceptable for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Eggs are nutrient-dense and common food items across the world, while rich in cholesterol. The potential effects of egg intake on cardiovascular health remain uncertainty and have been under debate in past decades. METHODS AND RESULTS A nationwide cohort of 20,688 participants aged 16-110 years without CVD at baseline were derived from the China Family Panel Studies. Egg consumption was assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We adopted stratified Cox proportional hazards model with random intercepts for provinces to evaluate associations of egg intake with CVD incidence. During a median follow-up of 6.0 years, we identified 2395 total CVD incidence and mean egg consumption was 3 times/week. Egg intakes were associated lower risks of CVD incidence in the multivariate-adjusted model. Compared with the non-consumers, the corresponding HRs (95% confidence interval) for total CVD events were 0.84 (0.74-0.94) for 1-2 times per week, 0.78 (0.69-0.88) for 3-6/week, and 0.83 (0.72-0.95) for ≥7/week. Similar relationships were found in hypertension. Approximately non-linear relationships were observed between egg consumption with total CVD and hypertension incidence, identifying the lowest risk in 3-6 times/week. Subgroup analyses estimated lower risks of total CVD and hypertension in females only, with significant effect modification by sex (P for interaction = 0.008 and 0.020). CONCLUSION Egg consumption may be associated with lower risks of CVD incidence among Chinese adults. Our findings could have implications in CVD prevention and might be considered in the development of dietary guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Linjiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Peixuan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shaocai Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Zhouxin Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Weerakoon SM, Chen B, Harrell MB, Vidot DC, Messiah SE. Effect of in-utero polysubstance exposure on adolescent cardiovascular disease risk: Results from the maternal lifestyle study. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2022.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Lin PW, Li XY, Ma RY, Daijun S. The Effect of Supplementing Tea Polyphenols on Yolk Cholesterol and Production Performance of Laying Hens During the Egg-laying Period. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- PW Lin
- Southwest University, China; Southwest University, China
| | - XY Li
- Southwest University, China; Southwest University, China
| | - RY Ma
- Southwest University, China; Southwest University, China
| | - S Daijun
- Southwest University, China; Southwest University, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Njike VY, Treu JA, Kela GCM, Ayettey RG, Comerford BP, Siddiqui WT. Egg Consumption in the Context of Plant-Based Diets and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr 2021; 151:3651-3660. [PMID: 34494112 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based diets (PBDs) are typically recommended to those at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVES We examined how including eggs, compared with excluding them from PBDs, affected cardiometabolic risk factors in adults at risk of T2DM. METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial of 35 adults (mean age: 60.7 y; 25 women, 10 men) at risk of T2DM assigned to 1 of 2 sequence permutations of 2 dietary treatments (plant-based plus eggs, and exclusively plant-based), with a 4-wk washout period. A dietitian counseled participants to exclude or include 2 eggs daily in the context of PBDs for a 6-wk interval. Our primary outcome measure was endothelial function (EF) measured as flow-mediated dilatation. Secondary outcome measures included lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, anthropometry, and dietary intake. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models. RESULTS Compared with egg exclusion, egg inclusion in the context of PBDs did not adversely affect EF (-1.7% ± 6.5% compared with -1.8% ± 7.5%; P = 0.9805). Likewise, egg inclusion, compared with egg exclusion, did not adversely affect (P = 0.1096-0.9781) lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, or anthropometry. Egg inclusion, compared with egg exclusion, improved reported intakes of selenium (23.1 ± 30.3 μg/d compared with 2.3 ± 34.9 μg/d; P = 0.0124) and choline (172.0 ± 96.0 mg/d compared with -3.4 ± 68.1 mg/d; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Consuming 2 eggs daily in the context of PBDs does not adversely affect cardiometabolic risk factors among adults at risk of T2DM. Eggs could be used as an adjuvant to enhance PBDs that are typically recommended for those at risk of T2DM.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04316429.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Y Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA.,Griffin Hospital Medical Education, Derby, CT, USA
| | - Judith A Treu
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Derby, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Li Q, He P, Zhang Y, Li H, Qin X. Quantity and variety of food groups consumption and the risk of diabetes in adults: A prospective cohort study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5710-5717. [PMID: 34743048 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence remains inconsistent regarding the association between quantity of food groups and diabetes, and remains scarce regarding the relation of dietary diversity with diabetes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the prospective relation of variety and quantity of 12 major food groups with new-onset diabetes. METHODS A total of 16,117 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake and variety score were measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory in each survey round. The study outcome was new-onset diabetes, defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes during the follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and dose-response relation, respectively. RESULTS During a median follow-up duration of 9.0 years, a total of 1088 (6.7%) participants developed new-onset diabetes. Overall, there was a significant inverse association between dietary variety score and the risk of new-onset diabetes (per one point increment; HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.90). In addition, there were U-shaped associations of refined grains, whole grains, nuts, red meat, poultry, processed meat, dairy products, and aquatic products intake with diabetes, and L-shaped associations of legumes, vegetables, fruits, and eggs intake with diabetes (all P values for nonlinearity <0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that greater variety of food groups consumption was associated with significantly lower risk of new-onset diabetes. Furthermore, when the quantity of food groups intakes was relatively low, there was a negative correlation between the quantity of each different food group consumption and diabetes risk; however, when intake exceeded certain thresholds, the risks of new-onset diabetes increased or reached a plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vu THT, Van Horn L, Daviglus ML, Chan Q, Dyer AR, Zhong VW, Gibson R, Elliott P, Stamler J. Association between egg intake and blood pressure in the USA: the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6272-6280. [PMID: 34334150 PMCID: PMC11148583 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations of egg intake with blood pressure (BP) and the role of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in the association. DESIGN We used cross-sectional data for the USA as part of the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). INTERMAP was surveyed between 1996 and 1999, including four 24-h dietary recalls, two 24-h urine collections and eight measurements of systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP). Average egg intake (g/d) was calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between egg intake (per each 50 g/d or per quintile) and BP. The roles of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in this association were also investigated. SETTING In the USA. PARTICIPANTS In total, 2195 US INTERMAP men and women aged 40-59 years. RESULTS Participants were 50 % female, 54 % non-Hispanic White and 16 % non-Hispanic Black. Mean egg intake (sd) in men and women was 30·4(29·8) and 21·6(20·5) g/d, respectively. Adjusting for demographics, socio-economics, lifestyle and urinary Na:K excretion ratios, we found non-linear associations with BP in non-obese women (P-quadratic terms: 0·004 for SBP and 0·035 for DBP).The associations remained after adjusting for dietary variables, macro/micro nutrients or minerals. Dietary cholesterol was highly correlated with egg intake and may factor in the association. No association was found in obese women and in obese or non-obese men. CONCLUSION Egg intake was non-linearly associated with SBP and DBP in non-obese women, but not in obese women or men. Underlying mechanisms require additional study regarding the role of obesity and sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Huyen T Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alan R Dyer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor W Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rachel Gibson
- 5Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremiah Stamler
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu F, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Zhan C, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Egg and Dietary Cholesterol Consumption and Mortality Among Hypertensive Patients: Results From a Population-Based Nationwide Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739533. [PMID: 34778336 PMCID: PMC8588794 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertensive patients are sensitive to the amount of dietary cholesterol intake, especially cholesterol from the whole eggs. Whether whole egg and dietary cholesterol consumption are suitable for hypertensive patients is still controversial. Aim: The objective of the study was to examine the associations of intake of eggs as well as the dietary cholesterol with total mortality in a Chinese nationwide cohort. Methods: We utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from the year of 1991 to 2015. Cumulative averages of egg and cholesterol intake were calculated to represent the consumption of the long-term diet of the participants in each available round of the survey. Cox regression models were employed to estimate the effects of eggs and dietary cholesterol from the different sources on mortality among hypertensive patients. Results: A total of 8,095 participants were included in the final analysis and followed up for a mean of 11.4 years. Finally, 927 cases of death were detected. After adjustment for the multivariate factors, consuming more than seven eggs per week was related to 29% lower mortality among the hypertensive patients compared with the consumers with not more than two eggs per week [hazard ratio (HR): 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59–0.85; P < 0.001]. Similarly, the egg-sourced cholesterol intake was inversely associated with mortality (P = 0.002) whereas intake of the dietary cholesterol from the non-egg sources was significantly related to the higher mortality (P < 0.001). However, total cholesterol intake was not related to mortality among hypertensive patients. Substituting eggs for an equivalent amount of non-egg-sourced protein-abundant foods was also associated with lower mortality. Conclusion: Higher consumption of eggs and egg-sourced dietary cholesterol was associated with lower mortality among the enrolled Chinese hypertensive patients but non-egg-sourced cholesterol intake was related to higher mortality. Therefore, our findings do not support the view that hypertensive patients should avoid whole egg consumption for the purpose of restricting dietary cholesterol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Zhan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grahovac M, Kumric M, Vilovic M, Martinovic D, Kreso A, Ticinovic Kurir T, Vrdoljak J, Prizmic K, Božić J. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and advanced glycation endproducts in patients with diabetes. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1942-1956. [PMID: 34888018 PMCID: PMC8613665 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, American Diabetes Association started to strongly advocate the Mediterranean diet (MD) over other diets in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) because of its beneficial effects on glycemic control and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Tissue levels of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) emerged as an indicator of CV risk in DM. Skin biopsy being invasive, the use of AGE Reader has been shown to reflect tissue AGEs reliably.
AIM To examine the association between adherence to MD and AGEs in patients with DM type II.
METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 273 patients with DM type II. A survey questionnaire was composed of 3 separate sections. The first part of the questionnaire included general data and the habits of the participants. The second part aimed to assess the basic parameters of participants’ diseases and associated conditions. The third part of the questionnaire was the Croatian version of the 14-item MD service score (MDSS). AGEs levels and associated CV risk were measured using AGE Reader (DiagnOptics Technologies BV, Groningen, The Netherlands).
RESULTS A total of 27 (9.9%) patients fulfilled criteria for adherence to MD, with a median score of 8.0 (6.0-10.0). Patients with none/limited CV risk had significantly higher percentage of MD adherence in comparison to patients with increased/definite CV risk (15.2% vs 6.9%, P = 0.028), as well as better adherence to guidelines for nuts (23.2% vs 12.6%, P = 0.023) and legumes (40.4% vs 25.9%, P = 0.013) consumption. Higher number of patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7% adhered to MD when compared to patients with HbA1c > 7% (14.9% vs 7.3%, P = 0.045). Moreover, those patients followed the MDSS guidelines for eggs (33.0% vs 46.8%, P = 0.025) and wine (15.6% vs 29.8%, P = 0.006) consumption more frequently. MDSS score had significant positive correlation with disease duration (r = 0.179, P = 0.003) and negative correlation with body mass index (BMI) values (r = -0.159, P = 0.008). In the multiple linear regression model, BMI (β ± SE, -0.09 ± 0.04, P = 0.037) and disease duration (β ± SE, 0.07 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) remained significant independent correlates of the MDSS score. Patients with HbA1c > 7% think that educational programs on nutrition would be useful for patients in significantly more cases than patients with HbA1c < 7% (98.9% vs 92.6%, P = 0.009).
CONCLUSION Although adherence to MD was very low among people with diabetes, we demonstrated that adherence to MD is greater in patients with lower CV risk, longer disease duration, and well-controlled glycaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Grahovac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marino Vilovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Ante Kreso
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Josip Vrdoljak
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Karlo Prizmic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split 21000, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Association between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113952. [PMID: 34836208 PMCID: PMC8624676 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, characterized by a higher consumption of plant foods and a lower consumption of animal foods, are associated with a favorable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but evidence regarding the association between plant-based diets and CVD (including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke) incidence remain inconclusive. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases through December 2020 to identify prospective observational studies that examined the associations between plant-based diets and CVD incidence among adults. A systematic review and a meta-analysis using random effects models and dose–response analyses were performed. Ten studies describing nine unique cohorts were identified with a total of 698,707 participants (including 137,968 CVD, 41,162 CHD and 13,370 stroke events). Compared with the lowest adherence, the highest adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a lower risk of CVD (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.79–0.89) and CHD (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.94), but not of stroke (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.73–1.03). Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) and healthful PDI scores were associated with a reduced CVD risk. These results support the claim that diets lower in animal foods and unhealthy plant foods, and higher in healthy plant foods are beneficial for CVD prevention. Protocol was published in PROSPERO (No. CRD42021223188).
Collapse
|
23
|
Kawada T. Egg consumption and incident type 2 diabetes: A risk assessment. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5417. [PMID: 34653816 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shen XM, Shu L, Huang YQ, Zhang XY, Zheng PF, Zhu Q. Association between dietary patterns and glycaemic control in a middle-aged Chinese population. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-9. [PMID: 34509181 PMCID: PMC9991639 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present work was performed to analyse the association of dietary patterns with glycaemic control (Hb A1c < 7 %) in a large group of Chinese adults aged between 45 and 59 years. DESIGN Habitual dietary intakes in the preceding 12 months were assessed by well-trained interviewers using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Factor analysis with principal component method was used to obtain the dietary patterns, and the associations between dietary patterns and glycaemic control were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. Poor glycaemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7·0. SETTING Despite decades of research, data on the relationship between dietary patterns and glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7 %) in China are sparse. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1739 participants aged 45-59 years from Hangzhou were included in the final analysis. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were ascertained and labelled as traditional southern Chinese, Western and grains-vegetables patterns. After controlling of the possible confounders, participants in the highest quartile of Western pattern scores had greater OR for HbA1c ≥ 7·0 (OR = 1·05; (95 % CI 1·000, 1·095); P = 0·048) than did those in the lowest quartile. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of grains-vegetables pattern, participants in the highest quartile had lower OR for HbA1c ≥ 7·0 (OR = 0·82; (95 % CI 0·720, 0·949); P = 0·038). Besides, no significant relationship between the traditional southern Chinese pattern and HbA1c ≥ 7·0 was observed (P > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the Western pattern was associated with a higher risk, and the grains-vegetables pattern was associated with a lower risk for HbA1c ≥ 7·0. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The No.1 People’s Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qian Huang
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Fen Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
- Department of Digestion, Zhejiang Hospital, Lingyin Road Number 12, Xihu District, Hangzhou310013, Zhejiang, The People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sanlier N, Üstün D. Egg consumption and health effects: A narrative review. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4250-4261. [PMID: 34472102 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned and conducted to investigate the effects of egg consumption on metabolic syndrome components and potential mechanisms of action on humans. Egg, an important source of animal protein, is defined as a functional food containing various bioactive compounds that can affect the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. As a matter of fact, the egg can show immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antihypertensive effects with its bioactive components. It is claimed that egg consumption may protect individuals against metabolic syndrome by increasing HDL-C levels and reducing inflammation. The increase in egg consumption creates the perception that it may lead to cardiovascular diseases due to its cholesterol content. However, there is insufficient evidence as to whether dietary cholesterol-lowers LDL-C. The possible potential mechanisms of egg impact on human health, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and selected websites including) and databases were examined in this regard. With a view to delving into the rather mysterious relationship between egg cholesterol and blood cholesterol, it is necessary to understand the absorption of cholesterol from the egg and to know the functioning of the intestinal microbiota. Studies conducted to date have generally yielded inconsistent results regarding egg consumption and risks of CVD, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Üstün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of Quality and Quantity of Protein Intake for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Metabolic Control. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 9:329-337. [PMID: 32572702 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to evaluate the ideal protein quality and quantity and the dietary composition for the prevention and metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). INTRODUCTION Although some reviews demonstrate the advantages of a diet with a higher protein intake, other reviews have observed that a diet high in carbohydrates, with low-glycaemic index carbohydrates and good fibre intake, is equally effective in improving insulin sensitivity. METHODS Over 2831 articles were screened, and 24 from the last 5 years were analysed and summarised for this review, using the protein, diabetes and insulin glucose metabolic keywords in Pubmed in June 2019. RESULTS Eleven studies demonstrate that a higher consumption of proteins has a positive effect on insulin sensitivity. A higher intake of animal protein seems to be related to an increased risk of T2DM. Four studies show that consumption of meat has a deleterious effect. Higher intake of plant protein and dairy products is associated with a modestly reduced risk. DISCUSSION Based on the results obtained, for the prevention of T2DM and all disorders related to metabolic syndrome, no ideal dietary composition has yet been found. The advantage of plant protein sources may be related to the foods' low-glycaemic index due to the high fibre content. However, the right protein quality (animal and plant) and the quantity for T2DM prevention and metabolic control are unclear and need to be investigated with further long-term studies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Greenberg JA, Jiang X, Tinker LF, Snetselaar LG, Saquib N, Shadyab AH. Eggs, dietary cholesterol, choline, betaine, and diabetes risk in the Women's Health Initiative: a prospective analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:368-377. [PMID: 33829251 PMCID: PMC8246612 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have been inconsistent regarding the relations between diabetes risk and the consumption of eggs and nutrients in eggs, such as choline, betaine, and cholesterol. There have been few studies among elderly women. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine associations between consumption of eggs, cholesterol, choline, and betaine and the risk of diabetes among elderly US women. METHODS Multivariable Cox regression was used with data from the prospective Women's Health Initiative. Population attributable risks were calculated. Consumption of eggs alone (not mixed in foods) and nutrients were assessed with an FFQ. Diabetes incidence was defined as the first incidence of self-reported diabetes treated with oral diabetes medication or insulin injections. RESULTS There were 46,263 women at follow-up baseline. During 13.3 y and 592,984 person-years of follow-up, there were 5480 incident diabetes cases. Higher egg, cholesterol, and choline consumption were each significantly associated with increases in diabetes risk. The associations for eggs and choline were not significant after adjustment for cholesterol consumption. The association for eggs was attenuated after adjustment for non-egg cholesterol consumption, with 1 significant HR in the top consumption quintile (≥3 eggs/wk) of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.27; P for linear trend = 0.0001). The population attributable risks for obesity, overweight, consumption of ≥3 eggs/wk, inadequate exercise, and poor diet were 25.0 (95% CI: 22.3, 27.6), 12.8 (95% CI: 11.1, 14.5), 4.2 (95% CI: 2.3, 6.1), 3.5 (95% CI: 1.2, 5.8), and 3.1 (95% CI: 0.5, 5.7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS As egg consumption increased to ≥3 eggs/wk, there was a steady increase in diabetes risk that may have been due to the cholesterol in the eggs. The population attributable risk for ≥3 eggs/wk was far lower than that for being obese or overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Greenberg
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Xinyin Jiang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- Research Unit, College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al-Rajhi Colleges, Al Bukairiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tang N, Wu Y, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wu W, Jing J, Cai L. Association between postpartum low-carbohydrate-diet scores and glucose levels in Chinese women. Nutrition 2021; 89:111305. [PMID: 34166894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Views on the relationship between a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and glucose levels are controversial, and no study, to our knowledge, has examined this association in postpartum women. We aimed to explore the association between postpartum LCD scores and glucose levels. METHODS We included 500 postpartum women from a prospective cohort study in Guangzhou, China, during 2017 and 2018. Dietary information during the first month after delivery was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. The overall, animal, and plant LCD scores were determined based on percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Higher scores reflected higher intakes of fat and protein and lower intakes of carbohydrate. At 6 to 8 wk postpartum, women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (n = 104), and the others had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests (n = 396). Multivariable linear, quantile, and logistic regressions were conducted. RESULTS Of the 500 participants, 71 (14.20%) developed impaired fasting glucose. Animal LCD score was positively associated with FPG levels (β = 0.007, P = 0.017), but quantile regression showed that LCD scores were related to FPG only in women with lower FPG levels; they had no significant association in those with higher FPG levels. No significant interaction effect on FPG was found between LCD scores and history of gestational diabetes mellitus (Pinteraction > 0.40). Furthermore, the relationships between the three LCD scores and risk of developing impaired fasting glucose were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Animal LCD score during puerperium may be positively associated with FPG levels in the early postpartum period in Chinese women, but no interactions with history of gestational diabetes mellitus were observed. Stronger associations were observed in women with lower FPG levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sociology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China; Center for Asian & Pacific Economic & Social Development, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sugano M, Matsuoka R. Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol. Foods 2021; 10:494. [PMID: 33669005 PMCID: PMC7996514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most current epidemiologic studies indicate no significant association between consuming one egg daily and blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, arguments still persist with a positive association. Since the diet is one of the most influential factors for this association, we illustrate characteristic features in Japanese people whose dietary pattern is distinct from that, for example, the US (United States) population. Available epidemiologic studies in healthy Japanese people show no association between consumption of one egg daily and blood cholesterol level, consistent with those observed in the US population. However, when consumption of major nutrients and food sources of cholesterol are compared to the US population, Japanese people may have an extra-reserve against the influence of eggs on cardiovascular risk markers, despite consuming relatively more eggs. Further discussion on the influence of nutrients contained in the egg and dietary pattern, including interaction with gut microbes, is necessary. In addition, special consideration at the personalized level is needed for judgment regarding dietary cholesterol not only for hypercholesterolemic patients but for hyper-responsive healthy persons. Although randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are required to evaluate the association between consumption of eggs and human health, available information, at least from the nutritional viewpoint, suggests that egg is a healthy and cost-efficient food worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Sugano
- Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
- Japan Egg Science Society, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Webb JL, Bries AE, Vogel B, Carrillo C, Harvison L, Day TA, Kimber MJ, Valentine RJ, Rowling MJ, Clark S, McNeill EM, Schalinske KL. Whole egg consumption increases gene expression within the glutathione pathway in the liver of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240885. [PMID: 33141822 PMCID: PMC7608885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenomic evidence supports the idea that Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) arises due to the interactions between the transcriptome, individual genetic profiles, lifestyle, and diet. Since eggs are a nutrient dense food containing bioactive ingredients that modify gene expression, our goal was to examine the role of whole egg consumption on the transcriptome during T2DM. We analyzed whether whole egg consumption in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats alters microRNA and mRNA expression across the adipose, liver, kidney, and prefrontal cortex tissue. Male ZDF (fa/fa) rats (n = 12) and their lean controls (fa/+) (n = 12) were obtained at 6 wk of age. Rats had ad libitum access to water and were randomly assigned to a modified semi-purified AIN93G casein-based diet or a whole egg-based diet, both providing 20% protein (w/w). TotalRNA libraries were prepared using QuantSeq 3' mRNA-Seq and Lexogen smallRNA library prep kits and were further sequenced on an Illumina HighSeq3000. Differential gene expression was conducted using DESeq2 in R and Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P-values controlling for false discovery rate at 5%. We identified 9 microRNAs and 583 genes that were differentially expressed in response to 8 wk of consuming whole egg-based diets. Kyto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes/Gene ontology pathway analyses demonstrated that 12 genes in the glutathione metabolism pathway were upregulated in the liver and kidney of ZDF rats fed whole egg. Whole egg consumption primarily altered glutathione pathways such as conjugation, methylation, glucuronidation, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. These pathways are often negatively affected during T2DM, therefore this data provides unique insight into the nutrigenomic response of dietary whole egg consumption during the progression of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe L. Webb
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Amanda E. Bries
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Brooke Vogel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Claudia Carrillo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Lily Harvison
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Day
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Kimber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Rudy J. Valentine
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Rowling
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Clark
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. McNeill
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Kevin L. Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Gibson S, Gray J. Evaluating current egg consumption patterns: Associations with diet quality, nutrition and health status in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gibson
- Registered Nutritionist Sig‐Nurture Ltd. Southampton UK
| | - J. Gray
- Registered Nutritionist London UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saande CJ, Bries AE, Pritchard SK, Nass CA, Reed CH, Rowling MJ, Schalinske KL. Whole Egg Consumption Decreases Cumulative Weight Gain in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:1818-1823. [PMID: 32359139 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole egg (WE) consumption has been demonstrated to attenuate body weight (BW) gain and adiposity in genetic animal models of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This finding was accompanied by increased food consumption. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effects of long-term WE intake on BW gain, fat distribution, and food intake in a rat model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were obtained at 5 wk of age and were randomly weight-matched across 1 of 4 dietary intervention groups (6 rats per group): a casein-based diet (CAS), a high-fat high-sucrose CAS diet (HFHS CAS), a whole egg-based diet (EGG), or a high-fat high-sucrose EGG diet (HFHS EGG). All diets provided 20% (w/w) protein and were provided for 33 wk. HFHS diets provided ∼61% of kilocalories from fat and 10% from sucrose. Daily weight gain and food intake were recorded, biochemical parameters were measured via ELISA, and epididymal fat pad weights were recorded at the end of the study. RESULTS At 33 wk, cumulative BW gain in DIO rats fed HFHS EGG resulted in 23% lower weight gain compared with DIO rats fed HFHS CAS (P < 0.0001), but no significant differences in BW gain were observed between the HFHS EGG group and the control EGG and CAS groups (P = 0.71 and P = 0.61, respectively). Relative food intake (grams per kilogram BW) was 23% lower (P < 0.0001) in rats fed HFHS CAS compared with CAS, whereas there was no difference in food intake within the EGG dietary groups. DIO rats fed HFHS EGG exhibited a 22% decrease in epididymal fat weight compared with their counterparts fed the HFHS CAS. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that consumption of a WE-based diet reduced BW gain and visceral fat in the DIO rat, similar to our previous findings in a genetic rat model with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassondra J Saande
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,USDA National Needs Fellowship
| | - Amanda E Bries
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Samantha K Pritchard
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Nass
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Carter H Reed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Rowling
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kevin L Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qiao S, Gao W, Guo S. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2020; 16:437-443. [PMID: 32547040 PMCID: PMC7245465 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s244623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) combined with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently occurred. In this study, we aimed at exploring the prognostic significance of blood neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in these types of patients. Patients and Methods Between June 30, 2010 and August 30, 2017, 1454 patients with CVD were enrolled in this study. Kaplan and Meier methodology was used for survival analysis. We also used propensity score matching (PSM) to further compare survival in patients with or without T2DM. Results Among all patients, we applied ROC curve analysis to stratify all patients into two different groups including NLR >2.5 (n=432) and NLR≤ 2.5 (n=1022) groups. After that, we further performed survival analysis between different groups. We found that patients with NLR ≤2.5 had significantly favorable OS compared with the overall survival in patients with NLR >2.5. We further built the PSM using 242 pairs of patients who have CVD and with or without T2DM. After adjusting for competing risk factors, we performed Cox proportional hazards models to identify the independent prognostic factors in multivariable adjustment. We found that NLR ≤2.5 (HR: 2.576, 95% CI: 1.241–4.583, P =0.001) and extent of coronary artery disease (HR: 2.432, 95% CI: 1.189–4.392, P =0.005) remained independent predictors of OS. Conclusion In conclusion, we have established an PSM model and found that a high NLR value was an independent prognostic factor for survival, predicting in patients with both CAD and T2DM. The NLR value would be a valuable biomarker to evaluate the outcomes of patients and give them opportunities for choosing alternative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Bayan Nur Hospital of the Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Bayan Nur City 015000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Bayan Nur Hospital of the Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Bayan Nur City 015000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Bayan Nur Hospital of the Nei Monggol Autonomous Region, Bayan Nur City 015000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Du X, Xu X, Niu D, Tian Y, Tao Z, Cai Z, Lu L. Transcriptome analysis reveals key information on improving duck yolk lipid contents induced by dietary fish oil or flaxseed oil. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1764848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Niu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, Mohan V, Lear S, Swaminathan S, Wielgosz A, Seron P, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Turbide G, Chifamba J, AlHabib KF, Mohammadifard N, Szuba A, Khatib R, Altuntas Y, Liu X, Iqbal R, Rosengren A, Yusuf R, Smuts M, Yusufali A, Li N, Diaz R, Yusoff K, Kaur M, Soman B, Ismail N, Gupta R, Dans A, Sheridan P, Teo K, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Association of egg intake with blood lipids, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 177,000 people in 50 countries. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:795-803. [PMID: 31965140 PMCID: PMC7138651 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eggs are a rich source of essential nutrients, but they are also a source of dietary cholesterol. Therefore, some guidelines recommend limiting egg consumption. However, there is contradictory evidence on the impact of eggs on diseases, largely based on studies conducted in high-income countries. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to assess the association of egg consumption with blood lipids, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality in large global studies involving populations from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. METHODS We studied 146,011 individuals from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Egg consumption was recorded using country-specific validated FFQs. We also studied 31,544 patients with vascular disease in 2 multinational prospective studies: ONTARGET (Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global End Point Trial) and TRANSCEND (Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACEI Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease). We calculated HRs using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts to account for clustering by study center separately within each study. RESULTS In the PURE study, we recorded 14,700 composite events (8932 deaths and 8477 CVD events). In the PURE study, after excluding those with history of CVD, higher intake of egg (≥7 egg/wk compared with <1 egg/wk intake) was not significantly associated with blood lipids, composite outcome (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.04; P-trend = 0.74), total mortality (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.15; P-trend = 0.38), or major CVD (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.01; P-trend = 0.20). Similar results were observed in ONTARGET/TRANSCEND studies for composite outcome (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.25; P-trend = 0.09), total mortality (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.24; P-trend = 0.55), and major CVD (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.29; P-trend = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS In 3 large international prospective studies including ∼177,000 individuals, 12,701 deaths, and 13,658 CVD events from 50 countries in 6 continents, we did not find significant associations between egg intake and blood lipids, mortality, or major CVD events. The ONTARGET and TRANSCEND trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00153101. The PURE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03225586.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Dehghan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Address correspondence to MD (e-mail: )
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Scott Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sumathi Swaminathan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Koramangala, Bangalore, India
| | - Andreas Wielgosz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela Seron
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alvaro Avezum
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ginette Turbide
- Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jephat Chifamba
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Khalid F AlHabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Division of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland,Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Hospital in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rasha Khatib
- Institute for Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine,Advocate Research Institute, Advocate Health Care, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuksel Altuntas
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism Sisli, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Health Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rita Yusuf
- School of Life Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marius Smuts
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Ning Li
- Qingshan Lake Community Health Service Center, Nanchang City, China
| | - Rafael Diaz
- Clinical Studies Latin America, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Khalid Yusoff
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Medicine, UCSI University, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biju Soman
- Health Action by People, Thiruvananthapuram, India,Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Noorhassim Ismail
- Department of Community Health, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | - Antonio Dans
- Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patrick Sheridan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pasdar Y, Moradi S, Moludi J, Darbandi M, Niazi P, Nachvak SM, Abdollahzad H. Risk of metabolic syndrome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Niazi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The effect of egg consumption on cardiometabolic health outcomes: an umbrella review. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:935-955. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:This umbrella review provides an overview of the consistency and gaps in the evidence base on eggs and cardiometabolic health.Design:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality databases were screened for evidence-based reviews in English that assessed human studies on egg consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes.Results:Seven systematic reviews and fifteen meta-analyses were identified, with eighteen of these published since 2015. Overall, the systematic reviews were of low quality, while meta-analyses were of moderate- to high-quality. No association of increased egg intake and risks of heart disease or stroke in the general population were found in the meta-analyses. Increased risk of heart failure was noted in two meta-analyses that analysed the same three cohort studies. Five recent meta-analyses reported no increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the general population, although increased risk in US-based populations only has been reported. Older (<2013) meta-analyses reported increased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or heart disease in T2DM populations, and no recent evidence-based reviews were identified. Finally, only one meta-analysis reported intervention studies specifically on eggs and biomarkers (i.e. lipids), and the results contradicted those from observation studies.Conclusions:Recent evidence-based reviews conclude that increased egg consumption is not associated with CVD risk in the general population. More research is needed on the positive associations between egg consumption and heart failure and T2DM risk, as well as CVD risk in diabetics, before firm conclusions can be made.
Collapse
|
39
|
Astrup A, Bertram HC, Bonjour JP, de Groot LC, de Oliveira Otto MC, Feeney EL, Garg ML, Givens I, Kok FJ, Krauss RM, Lamarche B, Lecerf JM, Legrand P, McKinley M, Micha R, Michalski MC, Mozaffarian D, Soedamah-Muthu SS. WHO draft guidelines on dietary saturated and trans fatty acids: time for a new approach? BMJ 2019; 366:l4137. [PMID: 31270106 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lisette Cp de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | | | - Emma L Feeney
- Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Manohar L Garg
- Nutraceutricals Research Programme, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ian Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, UK
| | - Frans J Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Netherlands
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- INRA, INSERM, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN laboratory, CRNH Rhône-Alpes, Oullins, France
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases (CORPS), Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Key TJ, Appleby PN, Bradbury KE, Sweeting M, Wood A, Johansson I, Kühn T, Steur M, Weiderpass E, Wennberg M, Lund Würtz AM, Agudo A, Andersson J, Arriola L, Boeing H, Boer JM, Bonnet F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Cross AJ, Ericson U, Fagherazzi G, Ferrari P, Gunter M, Huerta JM, Katzke V, Khaw KT, Krogh V, La Vecchia C, Matullo G, Moreno-Iribas C, Naska A, Nilsson LM, Olsen A, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Molina-Portillo E, Quirós JR, Skeie G, Sluijs I, Sonestedt E, Stepien M, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Tumino R, Tzoulaki I, van der Schouw YT, Verschuren WM, di Angelantonio E, Langenberg C, Forouhi N, Wareham N, Butterworth A, Riboli E, Danesh J. Consumption of Meat, Fish, Dairy Products, and Eggs and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease. Circulation 2019; 139:2835-2845. [PMID: 31006335 PMCID: PMC6629175 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.038813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is uncertainty about the relevance of animal foods to the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined meat, fish, dairy products, and eggs and risk for IHD in the pan-European EPIC cohort (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition). METHODS In this prospective study of 409 885 men and women in 9 European countries, diet was assessed with validated questionnaires and calibrated with 24-hour recalls. Lipids and blood pressure were measured in a subsample. During a mean of 12.6 years of follow-up, 7198 participants had a myocardial infarction or died of IHD. The relationships of animal foods with risk were examined with Cox regression with adjustment for other animal foods and relevant covariates. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR) for IHD was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.06-1.33) for a 100-g/d increment in intake of red and processed meat, and this remained significant after exclusion of the first 4 years of follow-up (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.09-1.42]). Risk was inversely associated with intakes of yogurt (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.89-0.98] per 100-g/d increment), cheese (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.86-0.98] per 30-g/d increment), and eggs (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88-0.99] per 20-g/d increment); the associations with yogurt and eggs were attenuated and nonsignificant after exclusion of the first 4 years of follow-up. Risk was not significantly associated with intakes of poultry, fish, or milk. In analyses modeling dietary substitutions, replacement of 100 kcal/d from red and processed meat with 100 kcal/d from fatty fish, yogurt, cheese, or eggs was associated with ≈20% lower risk of IHD. Consumption of red and processed meat was positively associated with serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and systolic blood pressure, and consumption of cheese was inversely associated with serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Risk for IHD was positively associated with consumption of red and processed meat and inversely associated with consumption of yogurt, cheese, and eggs, although the associations with yogurt and eggs may be influenced by reverse causation bias. It is not clear whether the associations with red and processed meat and cheese reflect causality, but they were consistent with the associations of these foods with plasma non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and for red and processed meat with systolic blood pressure, which could mediate such effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Key
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.J.K., P.N.A., K.E.B.)
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.J.K., P.N.A., K.E.B.)
| | - Kathryn E. Bradbury
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (T.J.K., P.N.A., K.E.B.)
- National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand (K.E.B.)
| | - Michael Sweeting
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | - Angela Wood
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | | | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg (T.K., V. Katzke)
| | - Marinka Steur
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitetet i Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.W., G.S.)
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo (E.W.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (E.W.)
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.W.)
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Sweden (M.W.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark (A.M.L.W., K.O.)
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology–Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (A.A.)
| | - Jonas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit Skellefteå, Umeå University, Sweden (J.A.)
| | - Larraitz Arriola
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Instituto BIO–Donostia, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain (L.A.)
- CIBER (Biomedical Research Networking Centres) de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain (L.A., J.M.H.)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke (H.B.)
| | - Jolanda M.A. Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands (J.M.A.B.)
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- CESP, INSERM (Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, Paris, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Rennes University Hospital (CHU), France (F.B.)
- Rennes 1 University, France (F.B.)
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, INSERM (Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, Paris, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
| | - Amanda J. Cross
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C., E.R.)
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (U.E., E.S.)
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- CESP, INSERM (Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale) U1018, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif Cedex, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, Paris, France (F.B., M.-C.B.-R., G.F.)
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (P.F., M.G., M. Stepien)
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (P.F., M.G., M. Stepien)
| | - José María Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria)-Arrixaca, Spain (J.M.H.)
| | - Verena Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg (T.K., V. Katzke)
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (K.-T.K.)
| | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS (Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (V. Krogh)
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (C.L.V., A. Trichopoulou)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy (C.L.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin (G.M.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy (G.M.)
| | - Conchi Moreno-Iribas
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA–Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (C.M.-I.)
| | - Androniki Naska
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.N., A. Trichopoulou)
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.O., A.Tjønneland)
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark (A.M.L.W., K.O.)
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network–ISPRO, Florence, Italy (D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy (S.P.)
| | - Elena Molina-Portillo
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Universidad de Granada, Spain (E.M.-P.)
| | - J. Ramón Quirós
- Public Health Directorate of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain (J.R.Q.)
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitetet i Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.W., G.S.)
| | - Ivonne Sluijs
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (I.S., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.)
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (U.E., E.S.)
| | - Magdalena Stepien
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France (P.F., M.G., M. Stepien)
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.O., A.Tjønneland)
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (C.L.V., A. Trichopoulou)
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (A.N., A. Trichopoulou)
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civic-M.p.Arezzo” Hospital, ASP (Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale) Ragusa, Italy (R.T.)
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (I.T.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment (I.T.), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece (I.T.)
| | - Yvonne T. van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (I.S., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.)
| | - W.M. Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (I.S., Y.T.v.d.S., W.M.M.V.)
| | - Emanuele di Angelantonio
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Nita Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Nick Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, United Kingdom (M. Steur, C.L., N.F., N.W.)
| | - Adam Butterworth
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (A.J.C., E.R.)
| | - John Danesh
- Medical Research Council/British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (M. Sweeting, A.W., E.d.A., A.B., J.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
D'Alessandro A, Lampignano L, De Pergola G. Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: A Proposal for Italian People. A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies to Derive Serving Sizes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061296. [PMID: 31181664 PMCID: PMC6628543 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, a number of meta-analyses of mostly observational studies evaluated the relation between the intake of food groups and the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). In this study, we systematically reviewed dose-response meta-analyses of prospective studies with the aim to derive the quantities of food to consume to attain a protective (Mediterranean food) or a non-adverse (non-Mediterranean food) effect toward selected NCDs such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), colorectal (CRC) and breast cancer. These derived quantities, wherever possible, were suggested for a quantification of food servings of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid proposed for Italian People (MDPPI). This pyramid came from the Modern Mediterranean Diet Pyramid developed in 2009 for Italian people. A weekly menu plan was built on the advice about frequency of intakes and serving sizes of such pyramid and the nutritional composition of this diet was compared with the Reference Italian Mediterranean Diet followed in 1960 in Nicotera. The diet built according the advice of MDPPI was very similar to that of Nicotera in the late 1950s that has been chosen as Italian Reference Mediterranean Diet with the exception of percentage of energy provided by cereals that was lower and of fruits and vegetables that was higher. Saturated fatty acids were only the 6% of daily energy intake. Also the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI) was very similar to that of the aforementioned diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata D'Alessandro
- Medical Endocrinologist, General Internal Medicine A.S.L. Bari, v.le Iapigia 38/g, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luisa Lampignano
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncology, School of Medicine, Policlinico, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fat from dairy foods and 'meat' consumed within recommended levels is associated with favourable serum cholesterol levels in institutionalised older adults. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e10. [PMID: 30918631 PMCID: PMC6432167 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CVD is common in older adults. Consumption of ‘meat’ (beef, pork, lamb, game, poultry, seafood, eggs) and dairy foods (milk, cheese, yoghurt) is encouraged in older adults as these foods provide protein and nutrients such as essential fatty acids, Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamins A, D and B12 required for healthy ageing. However, these foods also contain saturated fats considered detrimental to cardiovascular health. To determine the effect of their consumption on CVD risk we assessed associations between fat intake from ‘meat’ and dairy foods and serum cholesterol levels in 226 aged-care residents (mean age 85·5 years, 70 % female). Dietary intake was determined over 2 d using visual estimation of plate waste. Fat content of foods was determined using nutrition analysis software (Xyris, Australia). Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured, and the TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio calculated. Associations were determined using random-effect models adjusted for CVD risk factors using STATA/IC 13.0. Total fat and saturated fat from ‘meat’ and dairy foods were associated with higher serum HDL-cholesterol levels, and dairy fat intake and number of servings were associated with a lower TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio. Every 10 g higher intake of fat and saturated fat from dairy products, and each additional serving was associated with a −0·375 (95 % CI −0·574, −0·175; P = 0·0002), a −0·525 (95 % CI −0·834, −0·213; P = 0·001) and a −0·245 (95 % CI −0·458, −0·033; P = 0·024) lower TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio, respectively. Provision of dairy foods and ‘meat’ in recommended amounts to institutionalised older adults potentially improves intakes of key nutrients with limited detriment to cardiovascular health.
Collapse
|
43
|
Association of eggs with dietary nutrient adequacy and cardiovascular risk factors in US adults. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2033-2042. [PMID: 30834848 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole eggs are rich sources of several micronutrients. However, it is not well known how egg consumption contributes to overall nutrient adequacy and how it may relate to CVD risk factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how whole egg consumption contributes to nutrient intakes and to assess its association with CVD risk factors in US adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012, a nationally representative survey of the US civilian population.ParticipantsAdults who completed two dietary recalls and provided information on relevant sociodemographic factors were included in the study (n 21 845). RESULTS Approximately 73 % of adults were classified as whole egg consumers. Egg consumption was associated with greater intakes of protein, saturated fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, Fe, Zn, Ca, Se, choline, and several other vitamins and minerals. Egg consumption was associated with a higher likelihood of meeting or exceeding recommendations for several micronutrients. Egg intake was positively associated with dietary cholesterol consumption, but not with serum total cholesterol (TC) when adjusted for multiple potential confounders. In multiple linear regression analyses, TAG, TAG:HDL-cholesterol and TC:HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower with greater egg consumption. Egg consumption had no significant relationship with LDL-cholesterol or C-reactive protein, but was associated with higher BMI and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Whole eggs are important dietary contributors of many nutrients and had either beneficial or non-significant associations with most CVD risk biomarkers examined.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang X, Son M, Meram C, Wu J. Mechanism and Potential of Egg Consumption and Egg Bioactive Components on Type-2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020357. [PMID: 30744071 PMCID: PMC6413102 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the major global health challenges and a substantial economic burden. Egg and egg-derived components have been indicated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer activities. However, the scientific evidence about the benefits of egg on T2D is debatable. The relationship between egg consumption and the risk of T2D from observational epidemiological studies is not consistent. Interventional clinical studies, however, provide promising evidence that egg consumption ameliorates the risk of T2D. Current research progress also indicates that some egg components and egg-derived peptides might be beneficial in the context of T2D, in terms of insulin secretion and sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting possible application on T2D management. The current review summarizes recent clinical investigations related to the influence of egg consumption on T2D risk and in vivo and in vitro studies on the effect and mechanism of egg components and egg-derived peptides on T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Chalamaiah Meram
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Asadi M, Shahzeidi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Hashemi Yusefabad H, Mansoori A. The relationship between pre-pregnancy dietary patterns adherence and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran: A case-control study. Nutr Diet 2019; 76:597-603. [PMID: 30729640 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate major dietary patterns and their association with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Yazd city located in Iran. METHODS This case-control designed study was conducted at six healthcare centres. Two hundred and seventy-eight pregnant women who referred for GDM screening participated. Dietary assessment was carried out by using a 67-item validated food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary history of participants during the last year. Principal component analysis was used to identify major food patterns. Multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify the association between dietary patterns and risk of GDM. RESULTS Two major dietary patterns were detected. The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grain products, fast foods, salty snacks, sweets and biscuit, mayonnaise and saturated oils, while the prudent dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of fruits, low-fat dairy, potato, egg, fish, poultry, nuts, organs meat and red meat. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern was negatively associated with GDM risk (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99). However, there was no significant association between adherence of the Western dietary pattern and risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy adherence of the prudent dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced risk of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maedeh Shahzeidi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang X, Ahn DU. How Can the Value and Use of Egg Yolk Be Increased? J Food Sci 2019; 84:205-212. [PMID: 30620779 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major driving force for the egg consumption in the United States over the past few decades was processed egg. However, the consumption of egg through the processed egg reached the plateau in recent years because of the imbalance in the demands between the egg white and yolk products. The consumer demands for egg white products are very high while those for the egg yolk, the co-product of dried egg white, are low because of the negative perceptions on egg yolk. Two key approaches that can be used to increase the value and use of egg yolk are: (1) developing new commodity products by fractionating egg yolk and apply them in various food processing, and (2) separating functional proteins and lipids from yolk and use them as is or further develop functional peptides and functional lipids and use them as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical agents. These approaches can diversify the use of egg yolk, which eventually will help increase the consumption of egg. This review (1) discusses the current use of egg yolk products and the development of new functional commodity products from egg yolk, (2) review the important functional components in egg yolk and overview the current separation methods and their applications, (3) discuss the production of functional peptides and lipids using the separated egg proteins and lipids, and (4) suggest the future directions for the best use of egg yolk components. Development of scale-up production methods, which is vital for the practical applications, is discussed when appropriate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Egg Processing Technology Local Joint Natl. Engineering Research Center, Natl. R&D Center for Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural Univ., Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dong U Ahn
- Animal Science Dept., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060780. [PMID: 29914176 PMCID: PMC6024687 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. For years, dietary cholesterol was implicated in increasing blood cholesterol levels leading to the elevated risk of CVD. To date, extensive research did not show evidence to support a role of dietary cholesterol in the development of CVD. As a result, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans removed the recommendations of restricting dietary cholesterol to 300 mg/day. This review summarizes the current literature regarding dietary cholesterol intake and CVD. It is worth noting that most foods that are rich in cholesterol are also high in saturated fatty acids and thus may increase the risk of CVD due to the saturated fatty acid content. The exceptions are eggs and shrimp. Considering that eggs are affordable and nutrient-dense food items, containing high-quality protein with minimal saturated fatty acids (1.56 gm/egg) and are rich in several micronutrients including vitamins and minerals, it would be worthwhile to include eggs in moderation as a part of a healthy eating pattern. This recommendation is particularly relevant when individual’s intakes of nutrients are suboptimal, or with limited income and food access, and to help ensure dietary intake of sufficient nutrients in growing children and older adults.
Collapse
|
48
|
Astrup A. Goodbye to the egg-white omelet-welcome back to the whole-egg omelet. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:853-854. [PMID: 29868918 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Astrup
- Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Baghdasarian S, Lin HP, Pickering RT, Mott MM, Singer MR, Bradlee ML, Moore LL. Dietary Cholesterol Intake Is Not Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E665. [PMID: 29794966 PMCID: PMC6024792 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of diet and lifestyle risk factors for prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is of great importance. The specific role of dietary cholesterol (DC) in T2DM risk is unclear. This study uses data from 2192 Framingham Offspring Study subjects to estimate the effects of DC alone and in combination with markers of a healthy diet and other lifestyle factors on fasting glucose and risk of T2DM or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) over 20 years of follow-up. Dietary data were derived from two sets of three-day food records. Statistical methods included mixed linear regression and Cox proportional hazard's modeling to adjust for confounding. There were no statistically significant differences in glucose levels over 20 years of follow-up across DC intake categories (.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyouneh Baghdasarian
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hsuan-Ping Lin
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Richard T Pickering
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Melanie M Mott
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Martha R Singer
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - M Loring Bradlee
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Lynn L Moore
- Department of Medicine Section of Preventative Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- J. Gray
- Registered Nutritionist (Public Health); London UK
| |
Collapse
|