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Vazquez N, Lee C, Valenzuela I, Phan TP, Derderian C, Chávez M, Mooney NA, Demeter J, Aziz-Zanjani MO, Cusco I, Codina M, Martínez-Gil N, Valverde D, Solarat C, Buel AL, Thauvin-Robinet C, Steichen E, Filges I, Joset P, De Geyter J, Vaidyanathan K, Gardner T, Toriyama M, Marcotte EM, Roberson EC, Jackson PK, Reiter JF, Tizzano EF, Wallingford JB. The human ciliopathy protein RSG1 links the CPLANE complex to transition zone architecture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.25.614984. [PMID: 39386566 PMCID: PMC11463498 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.25.614984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are essential organelles and variants in genes governing ciliary function result in ciliopathic diseases. The Ciliogenesis and PLANar polarity Effectors (CPLANE) protein complex is essential for ciliogenesis in animals models but remains poorly defined. Notably, all but one subunit of the CPLANE complex have been implicated in human ciliopathy. Here, we identify three families in which variants in the remaining CPLANE subunit CPLANE2/RSG1 also cause ciliopathy. These patients display cleft palate, tongue lobulations and polydactyly, phenotypes characteristic of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome. We further show that these alleles disrupt two vital steps of ciliogenesis, basal body docking and recruitment of intraflagellar transport proteins. Moreover, APMS reveals that Rsg1 binds the CPLANE and also the transition zone protein Fam92 in a GTP-dependent manner. Finally, we show that CPLANE is generally required for normal transition zone architecture. Our work demonstrates that CPLANE2/RSG1 is a causative gene for human ciliopathy and also sheds new light on the mechanisms of ciliary transition zone assembly.
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Teixeira SK, Pontes R, Zuleta LFG, Wang J, Xu D, Hildebrand S, Russell J, Zhan X, Choi M, Tang M, Li X, Ludwig S, Beutler B, Krieger JE. Genetic determinants of blood pressure and heart rate identified through ENU-induced mutagenesis with automated meiotic mapping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9797. [PMID: 38427739 PMCID: PMC10906923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We used N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea-induced germline mutagenesis combined with automated meiotic mapping to identify specific systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) determinant loci. We analyzed 43,627 third-generation (G3) mice from 841 pedigrees to assess the effects of 45,378 variant alleles within 15,760 genes, in both heterozygous and homozygous states. We comprehensively tested 23% of all protein-encoding autosomal genes and found 87 SBP and 144 HR (with 7 affecting both) candidates exhibiting detectable hypomorphic characteristics. Unexpectedly, only 18 of the 87 SBP genes were previously known, while 26 of the 144 genes linked to HR were previously identified. Furthermore, we confirmed the influence of two genes on SBP regulation and three genes on HR control through reverse genetics. This underscores the importance of our research in uncovering genes associated with these critical cardiovascular risk factors and illustrate the effectiveness of germline mutagenesis for defining key determinants of polygenic phenotypes that must be studied in an intact organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontes
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando G. Zuleta
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Darui Xu
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara Hildebrand
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Russell
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mihwa Choi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sara Ludwig
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jose E. Krieger
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Halim DO, Munson M, Gao FB. The exocyst complex in neurological disorders. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1263-1270. [PMID: 37085629 PMCID: PMC10449956 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Exocytosis is the process by which secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to deliver materials to the cell surface or to release cargoes to the extracellular space. The exocyst-an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex-mediates spatiotemporal control of SNARE complex assembly for vesicle fusion and tethering the secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. The exocyst participates in diverse cellular functions, including protein trafficking to the plasma membrane, membrane extension, cell polarity, neurite outgrowth, ciliogenesis, cytokinesis, cell migration, autophagy, host defense, and tumorigenesis. Exocyst subunits are essential for cell viability; and mutations or variants in several exocyst subunits have been implicated in human diseases, mostly neurodevelopmental disorders and ciliopathies. These conditions often share common features such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, and brain abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the mutations and variants in exocyst subunits that have been linked to disease and discuss the implications of exocyst dysfunction in other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara O Halim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Mary Munson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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4
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Barbeito P, Martin-Morales R, Palencia-Campos A, Cerrolaza J, Rivas-Santos C, Gallego-Colastra L, Caparros-Martin JA, Martin-Bravo C, Martin-Hurtado A, Sánchez-Bellver L, Marfany G, Ruiz-Perez VL, Garcia-Gonzalo FR. EVC-EVC2 complex stability and ciliary targeting are regulated by modification with ubiquitin and SUMO. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1190258. [PMID: 37576597 PMCID: PMC10413113 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1190258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ellis van Creveld syndrome and Weyers acrofacial dysostosis are two rare genetic diseases affecting skeletal development. They are both ciliopathies, as they are due to malfunction of primary cilia, microtubule-based plasma membrane protrusions that function as cellular antennae and are required for Hedgehog signaling, a key pathway during skeletal morphogenesis. These ciliopathies are caused by mutations affecting the EVC-EVC2 complex, a transmembrane protein heterodimer that regulates Hedgehog signaling from inside primary cilia. Despite the importance of this complex, the mechanisms underlying its stability, targeting and function are poorly understood. To address this, we characterized the endogenous EVC protein interactome in control and Evc-null cells. This proteomic screen confirmed EVC's main known interactors (EVC2, IQCE, EFCAB7), while revealing new ones, including USP7, a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in Hedgehog signaling. We therefore looked at EVC-EVC2 complex ubiquitination. Such ubiquitination exists but is independent of USP7 (and of USP48, also involved in Hh signaling). We did find, however, that monoubiquitination of EVC-EVC2 cytosolic tails greatly reduces their protein levels. On the other hand, modification of EVC-EVC2 cytosolic tails with the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO3 has a different effect, enhancing complex accumulation at the EvC zone, immediately distal to the ciliary transition zone, possibly via increased binding to the EFCAB7-IQCE complex. Lastly, we find that EvC zone targeting of EVC-EVC2 depends on two separate EFCAB7-binding motifs within EVC2's Weyers-deleted peptide. Only one of these motifs had been characterized previously, so we have mapped the second herein. Altogether, our data shed light on EVC-EVC2 complex regulatory mechanisms, with implications for ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Barbeito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Palencia-Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cerrolaza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Rivas-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Gallego-Colastra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Caparros-Martin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Martin-Bravo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martin-Hurtado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Bellver
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina—Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- DBGen Ocular Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor L. Ruiz-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc R. Garcia-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Zhao H, Khan Z, Westlake CJ. Ciliogenesis membrane dynamics and organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:20-31. [PMID: 35351373 PMCID: PMC9510604 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is a complex multistep process used to describe assembly of cilia and flagella. These organelles play essential roles in motility and signaling on the surface of cells. Cilia are built at the distal ends of centrioles through the formation of an axoneme that is surrounded by the ciliary membrane. As is the case in the biogenesis of other cellular organelles, regulators of membrane trafficking play essential roles in ciliogenesis, albeit with a unique feature that membranes are organized around microtubule-based structures. Membrane association with the distal end of the centriole is a critical initiating step for ciliogenesis. Studies of this process in different cell types suggests that a singular mechanism may not be utilized to initiate cilium assembly. In this review, we focus on recent insights into cilium biogenesis and the roles membrane trafficking regulators play in described ciliogenesis mechanisms with relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ziam Khan
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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6
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Simsek-Kiper PO, Jacob P, Upadhyai P, Taşkıran ZE, Guleria VS, Karaosmanoglu B, Imren G, Gocmen R, Bhavani GS, Kausthubham N, Shah H, Utine GE, Boduroglu K, Girisha KM. Biallelic loss-of-function variants in EXOC6B are associated with impaired primary ciliogenesis and cause spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity type 3. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:2116-2129. [PMID: 36150098 PMCID: PMC7615863 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasias with joint laxity, type 3 (SEMDJL3) is a genetic skeletal disorder characterized by multiple joint dislocations, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the EXOC6B gene. Only four individuals from two families have been reported to have this condition to date. The molecular pathogenesis related to primary ciliogenesis has not been enumerated in subjects with SEMDJL3. In this study, we report two additional affected individuals from unrelated families with biallelic pathogenic variants, c.2122+15447_2197-59588del and c.401T>G in EXOC6B identified by exome sequencing. One of the affected individuals had an intellectual disability and central nervous system anomalies, including hydrocephalus, hypoplastic mesencephalon, and thin corpus callosum. Using the fibroblast cell lines, we demonstrate the primary evidence for the abrogation of exocytosis in an individual with SEMDLJ3 leading to impaired primary ciliogenesis. Osteogenesis differentiation and pathways related to the extracellular matrix were also found to be reduced. Additionally, we provide a review of the clinical and molecular profile of all the mutation-proven patients reported hitherto, thereby further characterizing SEMDJL3. SEMDJL3 with biallelic pathogenic variants in EXOC6B might represent yet another ciliopathy with central nervous system involvement and joint dislocations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prince Jacob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Zihni Ekim Taşkıran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vishal S. Guleria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Beren Karaosmanoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Imren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahsan Gocmen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gandham S. Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Neethukrishna Kausthubham
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Gulen Eda Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Katta M. Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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7
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Martín-Salazar JE, Valverde D. CPLANE Complex and Ciliopathies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060847. [PMID: 35740972 PMCID: PMC9221175 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile organelles associated with the cell cycle, which can be found in most vertebrate cell types. Cilia formation occurs through a process called ciliogenesis, which involves several mechanisms including planar cell polarity (PCP) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Some gene complexes, such as BBSome or CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector), have been linked to ciliogenesis. CPLANE complex is composed of INTU, FUZ and WDPCP, which bind to JBTS17 and RSG1 for cilia formation. Defects in these genes have been linked to a malfunction of intraflagellar transport and defects in the planar cell polarity, as well as defective activation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway. These faults lead to defective cilium formation, resulting in ciliopathies, including orofacial-digital syndrome (OFDS) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Considering the close relationship, between the CPLANE complex and cilium formation, it can be expected that defects in the genes that encode subunits of the CPLANE complex may be related to other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence:
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8
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Abstract
Ciliogenesis describes the assembly of cilia in interphase cells. Several hundred proteins have been linked to ciliogenesis, which proceeds through a highly coordinated multistage process at the distal end of centrioles requiring membranes. In this short review, we focus on recently reported insights into the biogenesis of the primary cilium membrane and its association with other ciliogenic processes in the intracellular ciliogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shakya
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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9
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Litz Philipsborn S, Hartmajer S, Shtorch Asor A, Vinovezky M, Regev M, Singer A, Reinstein E. A founder mutation in TCTN2 causes Meckel-Gruber syndrome type 8 among Jews of Ethiopian and Yemenite origin. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1610-1613. [PMID: 33590725 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mika Vinovezky
- Medical Genetics Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - Miriam Regev
- The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amihood Singer
- Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eyal Reinstein
- Medical Genetics Institute, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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10
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Andreu-Cervera A, Catala M, Schneider-Maunoury S. Cilia, ciliopathies and hedgehog-related forebrain developmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 150:105236. [PMID: 33383187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the forebrain critically depends on the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, as illustrated in humans by the frequent perturbation of this pathway in holoprosencephaly, a condition defined as a defect in the formation of midline structures of the forebrain and face. The Shh pathway requires functional primary cilia, microtubule-based organelles present on virtually every cell and acting as cellular antennae to receive and transduce diverse chemical, mechanical or light signals. The dysfunction of cilia in humans leads to inherited diseases called ciliopathies, which often affect many organs and show diverse manifestations including forebrain malformations for the most severe forms. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a framework to understand the developmental origin of the forebrain defects observed in severe ciliopathies with respect to perturbations of the Shh pathway. We propose that many of these defects can be interpreted as an imbalance in the ratio of activator to repressor forms of the Gli transcription factors, which are effectors of the Shh pathway. We also discuss the complexity of ciliopathies and their relationships with forebrain disorders such as holoprosencephaly or malformations of cortical development, and emphasize the need for a closer examination of forebrain defects in ciliopathies, not only through the lens of animal models but also taking advantage of the increasing potential of the research on human tissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, Campus de San Juan; Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Martin Catala
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
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11
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Coulter ME, Musaev D, DeGennaro EM, Zhang X, Henke K, James KN, Smith RS, Hill RS, Partlow JN, Muna Al-Saffar, Kamumbu AS, Hatem N, Barkovich AJ, Aziza J, Chassaing N, Zaki MS, Sultan T, Burglen L, Rajab A, Al-Gazali L, Mochida GH, Harris MP, Gleeson JG, Walsh CA. Regulation of human cerebral cortical development by EXOC7 and EXOC8, components of the exocyst complex, and roles in neural progenitor cell proliferation and survival. Genet Med 2020; 22:1040-1050. [PMID: 32103185 PMCID: PMC7272323 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The exocyst complex is a conserved protein complex that mediates fusion of intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane and is implicated in processes including cell polarity, cell migration, ciliogenesis, cytokinesis, autophagy, and fusion of secretory vesicles. The essential role of these genes in human genetic disorders, however, is unknown. METHODS We performed homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing of consanguineous families with recessively inherited brain development disorders. We modeled an EXOC7 splice variant in vitro and examined EXOC7 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in developing mouse and human cortex. We modeled exoc7 loss-of-function in a zebrafish knockout. RESULTS We report variants in exocyst complex members, EXOC7 and EXOC8, in a novel disorder of cerebral cortex development. In EXOC7, we identified four independent partial loss-of-function (LOF) variants in a recessively inherited disorder characterized by brain atrophy, seizures, and developmental delay, and in severe cases, microcephaly and infantile death. In EXOC8, we found a homozygous truncating variant in a family with a similar clinical disorder. We modeled exoc7 deficiency in zebrafish and found the absence of exoc7 causes microcephaly. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the essential role of the exocyst pathway in normal cortical development and how its perturbation causes complex brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Coulter
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Harvard/MIT MD-PHD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Department of Neurosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M DeGennaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaochang Zhang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katrin Henke
- Division of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiely N James
- Department of Neurosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Partlow
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muna Al-Saffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Stacy Kamumbu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Hatem
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- Benioff Children's Hospital, Departments of Radiology, Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Aziza
- Département de Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UDEAR; UMR 1056 Inserm-Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health & The Children's Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet, Département de génétique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Hôpital Trousseau and Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Anna Rajab
- National Genetics Center, Directorate General of Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Division of Orthopedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yarwood R, Hellicar J, Woodman PG, Lowe M. Membrane trafficking in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/4/dmm043448. [PMID: 32433026 PMCID: PMC7197876 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways are essential for the viability and growth of cells, and play a major role in the interaction of cells with their environment. In this At a Glance article and accompanying poster, we outline the major cellular trafficking pathways and discuss how defects in the function of the molecular machinery that mediates this transport lead to various diseases in humans. We also briefly discuss possible therapeutic approaches that may be used in the future treatment of trafficking-based disorders. Summary: This At a Glance article and poster summarise the major intracellular membrane trafficking pathways and associated molecular machineries, and describe how defects in these give rise to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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14
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Shylo NA, Emmanouil E, Ramrattan D, Weatherbee SD. Loss of ciliary transition zone protein TMEM107 leads to heterotaxy in mice. Dev Biol 2019; 460:187-199. [PMID: 31887266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cilia in most vertebrate left-right organizers are involved in the original break in left-right (L-R) symmetry, however, less is known about their roles in subsequent steps of the cascade - relaying the signaling and maintaining the established asymmetry. Here we describe the L-R patterning cascades in two mutants of a ciliary transition zone protein TMEM107, revealing that near-complete loss of cilia in Tmem107null leads to left pulmonary isomerism due to the failure of the midline barrier. Contrary, partially retained cilia in the node and the midline of a hypomorphic Tmem107schlei mutant appear sufficient for the formation of the midline barrier and establishment and maintenance of the L-R asymmetry. Despite misregulation of Shh signaling in both mutants, the presence of normal Lefty1 expression and midline barrier formation in Tmem107schlei mutants, suggests a requirement for cilia, but not necessarily Shh signaling for Lefty1 expression and midline barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Shylo
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Elli Emmanouil
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dylan Ramrattan
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Scott D Weatherbee
- Yale University, Genetics Department, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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15
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Renal ciliopathies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 56:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Gulati A, Somlo S. Whole exome sequencing: a state-of-the-art approach for defining (and exploring!) genetic landscapes in pediatric nephrology. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33:745-761. [PMID: 28660367 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The genesis of whole exome sequencing as a powerful tool for detailing the protein coding sequence of the human genome was conceptualized based on the availability of next-generation sequencing technology and knowledge of the human reference genome. The field of pediatric nephrology enriched with molecularly unsolved phenotypes is allowing the clinical and research application of whole exome sequencing to enable novel gene discovery and provide amendment of phenotypic misclassification. Recent studies in the field have informed us that newer high-throughput sequencing techniques are likely to be of high yield when applied in conjunction with conventional genomic approaches such as linkage analysis and other strategies used to focus subsequent analysis. They have also emphasized the need for the validation of novel genetic findings in large collaborative cohorts and the production of robust corroborative biological data. The well-structured application of comprehensive genomic testing in clinical and research arenas will hopefully continue to advance patient care and precision medicine, but does call for attention to be paid to its integrated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashima Gulati
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Bonnard C, Shboul M, Tonekaboni SH, Ng AYJ, Tohari S, Ghosh K, Lai A, Lim JY, Tan EC, Devisme L, Stichelbout M, Alkindi A, Banu N, Yüksel Z, Ghoumid J, Elkhartoufi N, Boutaud L, Micalizzi A, Brett MS, Venkatesh B, Valente EM, Attié-Bitach T, Reversade B, Kariminejad A. Novel mutations in the ciliopathy-associated gene CPLANE1 (C5orf42) cause OFD syndrome type VI rather than Joubert syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:585-595. [PMID: 29605658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in CPLANE1 (previously known as C5orf42) cause Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome type VI (OFD6) as well as milder Joubert syndrome (JS) phenotypes. Seven new cases from five unrelated families diagnosed with pure OFD6 were systematically examined. Based on the clinical manifestations of these patients and those described in the literature, we revised the diagnostic features of OFD6 and include the seven most common characteristics: 1) molar tooth sign, 2) tongue hamartoma and/or lobulated tongue, 3) additional frenula, 4) mesoaxial polydactyly of hands, 5) preaxial polydactyly of feet, 6) syndactyly and/or bifid toe, and 7) hypothalamic hamartoma. By whole or targeted exome sequencing, we identified seven novel germline recessive mutations in CPLANE1, including missense, nonsense, frameshift and canonical splice site variants, all causing OFD6 in these patients. Since CPLANE1 is also mutated in JS patients, we examined whether a genotype-phenotype correlation could be established. We gathered and compared 46 biallelic CPLANE1 mutations reported in 32 JS and 26 OFD6 patients. Since no clear correlation between paired genotypes and clinical outcomes could be determined, we concluded that patient's genetic background and gene modifiers may modify the penetrance and expressivity of CPLANE1 causal alleles. To conclude, our study provides a comprehensive view of the phenotypic range, the genetic basis and genotype-phenotype association in OFD6 and JS. The updated phenotype scoring system together with the identification of new CPLANE1 mutations will help clinicians and geneticists reach a more accurate diagnosis for JS-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bonnard
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mohammad Shboul
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Al-Balqa Applied University, Faculty of Science, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | | | - Alvin Yu Jin Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kakaly Ghosh
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angeline Lai
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiin Ying Lim
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ene Choo Tan
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louise Devisme
- Institute of Pathology, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU Lille, France
| | | | - Adila Alkindi
- Genetics Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
| | - Nazreen Banu
- Genetics Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
| | - Zafer Yüksel
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Université Lille 2, CHRU de Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Nadia Elkhartoufi
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Boutaud
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratoire d'Embryologie et Génétique des malformations congénitales, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite et Institute Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1163, Laboratoire d'Embryologie et Génétique des malformations congénitales, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite et Institute Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Breslow DK, Hoogendoorn S, Kopp AR, Morgens DW, Vu BK, Kennedy MC, Han K, Li A, Hess GT, Bassik MC, Chen JK, Nachury MV. A CRISPR-based screen for Hedgehog signaling provides insights into ciliary function and ciliopathies. Nat Genet 2018; 50:460-471. [PMID: 29459677 PMCID: PMC5862771 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia organize Hedgehog signaling and shape embryonic development, and their dysregulation is the unifying cause of ciliopathies. We conducted a functional genomic screen for Hedgehog signaling by engineering antibiotic-based selection of Hedgehog-responsive cells and applying genome-wide CRISPR-mediated gene disruption. The screen can robustly identify factors required for ciliary signaling with few false positives or false negatives. Characterization of hit genes uncovered novel components of several ciliary structures, including a protein complex that contains δ-tubulin and ε-tubulin and is required for centriole maintenance. The screen also provides an unbiased tool for classifying ciliopathies and showed that many congenital heart disorders are caused by loss of ciliary signaling. Collectively, our study enables a systematic analysis of ciliary function and of ciliopathies, and also defines a versatile platform for dissecting signaling pathways through CRISPR-based screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Breslow
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sascha Hoogendoorn
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Kopp
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brandon K Vu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret C Kennedy
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kyuho Han
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gaelen T Hess
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Maxence V Nachury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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Ojeda Naharros I, Gesemann M, Mateos JM, Barmettler G, Forbes A, Ziegler U, Neuhauss SCF, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Loss-of-function of the ciliopathy protein Cc2d2a disorganizes the vesicle fusion machinery at the periciliary membrane and indirectly affects Rab8-trafficking in zebrafish photoreceptors. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007150. [PMID: 29281629 PMCID: PMC5760100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are human disorders caused by dysfunction of primary cilia, ubiquitous organelles involved in transduction of environmental signals such as light sensation in photoreceptors. Concentration of signal detection proteins such as opsins in the ciliary membrane is achieved by RabGTPase-regulated polarized vesicle trafficking and by a selective barrier at the ciliary base, the transition zone (TZ). Dysfunction of the TZ protein CC2D2A causes Joubert/Meckel syndromes in humans and loss of ciliary protein localization in animal models, including opsins in retinal photoreceptors. The link between the TZ and upstream vesicle trafficking has been little explored to date. Moreover, the role of the small GTPase Rab8 in opsin-carrier vesicle (OCV) trafficking has been recently questioned in a mouse model. Using correlative light and electron microscopy and live imaging in zebrafish photoreceptors, we provide the first live characterization of Rab8-mediated trafficking in photoreceptors in vivo. Our results support a possibly redundant role for both Rab8a/b paralogs in OCV trafficking, based on co-localization of Rab8 and opsins in vesicular structures, and joint movement of Rab8-tagged particles with opsin. We further investigate the role of the TZ protein Cc2d2a in Rab8-mediated trafficking using cc2d2a zebrafish mutants and identify a requirement for Cc2d2a in the latest step of OCV trafficking, namely vesicle fusion. Progressive accumulation of opsin-containing vesicles in the apical portion of photoreceptors lacking Cc2d2a is caused by disorganization of the vesicle fusion machinery at the periciliary membrane with mislocalization and loss of the t-SNAREs SNAP25 and Syntaxin3 and of the exocyst component Exoc4. We further observe secondary defects on upstream Rab8-trafficking with cytoplasmic accumulation of Rab8. Taken together, our results support participation of Rab8 in OCV trafficking and identify a novel role for the TZ protein Cc2d2a in fusion of incoming ciliary-directed vesicles, through organization of the vesicle fusion machinery at the periciliary membrane. Ciliopathies are human disorders caused by dysfunction of primary cilia, ubiquitous organelles involved in transduction of environmental signals to the cells. Concentration and regulation of signal detection proteins in the ciliary membrane is therefore tightly regulated through polarized vesicle trafficking and through a selective barrier at the ciliary base called the transition zone (TZ). Dysfunction of TZ proteins leads to human ciliopathies and to aberrant localization of ciliary proteins in animal models. In this work, we use zebrafish retinal photoreceptors as a model to explore the relationship between the TZ and upstream vesicle trafficking. Relying on modern technologies such as correlative light and electron microscopy and live imaging of fluorescently-tagged proteins, we identify a role for the TZ protein CC2D2A in organizing the components required for vesicle fusion at the periciliary membrane. We also characterize the movement dynamics of vesicles carrying light-detection proteins (opsins) towards the ciliary compartment of photoreceptors in vivo and provide novel data in support of the recently questioned involvement of the small GTPase Rab8 in opsin-carrier vesicle trafficking in photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Gesemann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José M. Mateos
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gery Barmettler
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Austin Forbes
- Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Urs Ziegler
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Castro-Sánchez S, Álvarez-Satta M, Tohamy MA, Beltran S, Derdak S, Valverde D. Whole exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for patients with ciliopathy-like phenotypes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183081. [PMID: 28800606 PMCID: PMC5553726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of rare disorders characterized by a high genetic and phenotypic variability, which complicates their molecular diagnosis. Hence the need to use the latest powerful approaches to faster identify the genetic defect in these patients. We applied whole exome sequencing to six consanguineous families clinically diagnosed with ciliopathy-like disease, and for which mutations in predominant Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) genes had previously been excluded. Our strategy, based on first applying several filters to ciliary variants and using many of the bioinformatics tools available, allowed us to identify causal mutations in BBS2, ALMS1 and CRB1 genes in four families, thus confirming the molecular diagnosis of ciliopathy. In the remaining two families, after first rejecting the presence of pathogenic variants in common cilia-related genes, we adopted a new filtering strategy combined with prioritisation tools to rank the final candidate genes for each case. Thus, we propose CORO2B, LMO7 and ZNF17 as novel candidate ciliary genes, but further functional studies will be needed to confirm their role. Our data show the usefulness of this strategy to diagnose patients with unclear phenotypes, and therefore the success of applying such technologies to achieve a rapid and reliable molecular diagnosis, improving genetic counselling for these patients. In addition, the described pipeline also highlights the common pitfalls associated to the large volume of data we have to face and the difficulty of assigning a functional role to these changes, hence the importance of designing the most appropriate strategy according to each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Castro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Research Group of Rare Diseases & Pediatric Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Satta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Research Group of Rare Diseases & Pediatric Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Mohamed A. Tohamy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophia Derdak
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Research Group of Rare Diseases & Pediatric Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO) (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- * E-mail:
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21
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Lobo GP, Fulmer D, Guo L, Zuo X, Dang Y, Kim SH, Su Y, George K, Obert E, Fogelgren B, Nihalani D, Norris RA, Rohrer B, Lipschutz JH. The exocyst is required for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14814-14826. [PMID: 28729419 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.795674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously have shown that the highly conserved eight-protein exocyst trafficking complex is required for ciliogenesis in kidney tubule cells. We hypothesized here that ciliogenic programs are conserved across organs and species. To determine whether renal primary ciliogenic programs are conserved in the eye, and to characterize the function and mechanisms by which the exocyst regulates eye development in zebrafish, we focused on exoc5, a central component of the exocyst complex, by analyzing both exoc5 zebrafish mutants, and photoreceptor-specific Exoc5 knock-out mice. Two separate exoc5 mutant zebrafish lines phenocopied exoc5 morphants and, strikingly, exhibited a virtual absence of photoreceptors, along with abnormal retinal development and cell death. Because the zebrafish mutant was a global knockout, we also observed defects in several ciliated organs, including the brain (hydrocephalus), heart (cardiac edema), and kidney (disordered and shorter cilia). exoc5 knockout increased phosphorylation of the regulatory protein Mob1, consistent with Hippo pathway activation. exoc5 mutant zebrafish rescue with human EXOC5 mRNA completely reversed the mutant phenotype. We accomplished photoreceptor-specific knockout of Exoc5 with our Exoc5 fl/fl mouse line crossed with a rhodopsin-Cre driver line. In Exoc5 photoreceptor-specific knock-out mice, the photoreceptor outer segment structure was severely impaired at 4 weeks of age, although a full-field electroretinogram indicated a visual response was still present. However, by 6 weeks, visual responses were eliminated. In summary, we show that ciliogenesis programs are conserved in the kidneys and eyes of zebrafish and mice and that the exocyst is necessary for photoreceptor ciliogenesis and retinal development, most likely by trafficking cilia and outer-segment proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn P Lobo
- From the Departments of Medicine.,Ophthalmology, and
| | - Diana Fulmer
- From the Departments of Medicine.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Lilong Guo
- From the Departments of Medicine.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Fogelgren
- the Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | | | - Russell A Norris
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Ophthalmology, and.,the Division of Research, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, and
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- From the Departments of Medicine, .,the Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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22
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Bruel AL, Franco B, Duffourd Y, Thevenon J, Jego L, Lopez E, Deleuze JF, Doummar D, Giles RH, Johnson CA, Huynen MA, Chevrier V, Burglen L, Morleo M, Desguerres I, Pierquin G, Doray B, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Reversade B, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Baumann C, Panigrahi I, Fargeot-Espaliat A, Dieux A, David A, Goldenberg A, Bongers E, Gaillard D, Argente J, Aral B, Gigot N, St-Onge J, Birnbaum D, Phadke SR, Cormier-Daire V, Eguether T, Pazour GJ, Herranz-Pérez V, Lee JS, Pasquier L, Loget P, Saunier S, Mégarbané A, Rosnet O, Leroux MR, Wallingford JB, Blacque OE, Nachury MV, Attie-Bitach T, Rivière JB, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Fifteen years of research on oral-facial-digital syndromes: from 1 to 16 causal genes. J Med Genet 2017; 54:371-380. [PMID: 28289185 PMCID: PMC5557276 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) gather rare genetic disorders characterised by facial, oral and digital abnormalities associated with a wide range of additional features (polycystic kidney disease, cerebral malformations and several others) to delineate a growing list of OFDS subtypes. The most frequent, OFD type I, is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the OFD1 gene encoding a centrosomal protein. The wide clinical heterogeneity of OFDS suggests the involvement of other ciliary genes. For 15 years, we have aimed to identify the molecular bases of OFDS. This effort has been greatly helped by the recent development of whole-exome sequencing (WES). Here, we present all our published and unpublished results for WES in 24 cases with OFDS. We identified causal variants in five new genes (C2CD3, TMEM107, INTU, KIAA0753 and IFT57) and related the clinical spectrum of four genes in other ciliopathies (C5orf42, TMEM138, TMEM231 and WDPCP) to OFDS. Mutations were also detected in two genes previously implicated in OFDS. Functional studies revealed the involvement of centriole elongation, transition zone and intraflagellar transport defects in OFDS, thus characterising three ciliary protein modules: the complex KIAA0753-FOPNL-OFD1, a regulator of centriole elongation; the Meckel-Gruber syndrome module, a major component of the transition zone; and the CPLANE complex necessary for IFT-A assembly. OFDS now appear to be a distinct subgroup of ciliopathies with wide heterogeneity, which makes the initial classification obsolete. A clinical classification restricted to the three frequent/well-delineated subtypes could be proposed, and for patients who do not fit one of these three main subtypes, a further classification could be based on the genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange-Line Bruel
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Ferderico II University of Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Naples, Italy
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Jego
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Estelle Lopez
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Diane Doummar
- APHP, hôpital TROUSSEAU, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et département de génétique, Paris, France
| | - Rachel H. Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Martijn A. Huynen
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Véronique Chevrier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS U7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Burglen
- APHP, hôpital TROUSSEAU, Centre de référence des malformations et maladies congénitales du cervelet et département de génétique, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Morleo
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Ferderico II University of Naples, Italy
| | - Isabelle Desguerres
- Service de neurométabolisme, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, CHU, Paris, France
| | | | - Bérénice Doray
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital de Hautepierre, CHU, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » de l’Ouest, Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Poitiers, EA 3808, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Embryology and Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore
| | | | - Clarisse Baumann
- Département de Génétique, Unité Fonctionelle de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Robert Debré, CHU, Paris, France
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Genetic-Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Pigmer, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Anne Dieux
- Centre de Référence CLAD NdF, Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Albert David
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Unité de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Service de Génétique, CHU de Rouen, Centre Normand de Génomique Médicale et Médecine Personnalisée, Rouen, France
| | - Ernie Bongers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús. Departement of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. CIBEROBN de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernard Aral
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Nadège Gigot
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Judith St-Onge
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS U7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Shubha R. Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Ferderico II University of Naples, Italy
- INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Eguether
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles, Universitat de València, CIBERNED, Spain
- Unidad mixta de Esclerosis múltiple y neurorregeneración, IIS Hospital La Fe-UVEG, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaclyn S. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » de l’Ouest, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, CHU Rennes, France
| | | | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM U983, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Rosnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM UMR1068, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13009 Marseille, France
- CNRS U7258, F-13009 Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13007 Marseille, France
| | - Michel R. Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Oliver E. Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Maxence V. Nachury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- INSERM UMR1163, Université de Paris-Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Service de génétique médicale, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PTB, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- FHU-TRANSLAD, Université de Bourgogne/CHU Dijon, France
- Équipe EA42271 GAD, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence maladies rares « Anomalies du Développement et syndrome malformatifs » de l’Est et Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d’Enfants, CHU, Dijon, France
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23
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Mitchison HM, Valente EM. Motile and non-motile cilia in human pathology: from function to phenotypes. J Pathol 2017; 241:294-309. [PMID: 27859258 DOI: 10.1002/path.4843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are inherited human disorders caused by both motile and non-motile cilia dysfunction that form an important and rapidly expanding disease category. Ciliopathies are complex conditions to diagnose, being multisystem disorders characterized by extensive genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability with high levels of lethality. There is marked phenotypic overlap among distinct ciliopathy syndromes that presents a major challenge for their recognition, diagnosis, and clinical management, in addition to posing an on-going task to develop the most appropriate family counselling. The impact of next-generation sequencing and high-throughput technologies in the last decade has significantly improved our understanding of the biological basis of ciliopathy disorders, enhancing our ability to determine the possible reasons for the extensive overlap in their symptoms and genetic aetiologies. Here, we review the diverse functions of cilia in human health and disease and discuss a growing shift away from the classical clinical definitions of ciliopathy syndromes to a more functional categorization. This approach arises from our improved understanding of this unique organelle, revealed through new genetic and cell biological insights into the discrete functioning of subcompartments of the cilium (basal body, transition zone, intraflagellar transport, motility). Mutations affecting these distinct ciliary protein modules can confer different genetic diseases and new clinical classifications are possible to define, according to the nature and extent of organ involvement. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 00143, Rome, Italy
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24
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A nonsense mutation inCEP55defines a new locus for a Meckel-like syndrome, an autosomal recessive lethal fetal ciliopathy. Clin Genet 2017; 92:510-516. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Adler PN, Wallingford JB. From Planar Cell Polarity to Ciliogenesis and Back: The Curious Tale of the PPE and CPLANE proteins. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:379-390. [PMID: 28153580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Why some genes are more popular than others remains an open question, but one example of this phenomenon involves the genes controlling planar cell polarity (PCP), the polarization of cells within a plane of a tissue. Indeed, the so-called 'core' PCP genes such as dishevelled, frizzled, and prickle have been extensively studied both in animal models and by human genetics. By contrast, other genes that influence PCP signaling have received far less attention. Among the latter are inturned, fuzzy, and fritz, but recent work should bring these once obscure regulators into the limelight. We provide here a brief history of planar polarity effector (PPE) and CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector) proteins, discuss recent advances in understanding their molecular mechanisms of action, and describe their roles in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Adler
- Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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26
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Hartill V, Szymanska K, Sharif SM, Wheway G, Johnson CA. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome: An Update on Diagnosis, Clinical Management, and Research Advances. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:244. [PMID: 29209597 PMCID: PMC5701918 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a lethal autosomal recessive congenital anomaly syndrome caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins that are structural or functional components of the primary cilium. Conditions that are caused by mutations in ciliary genes are collectively termed the ciliopathies, and MKS represents the most severe condition in this group of disorders. The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle, projecting from the apical surface of vertebrate cells. It acts as an "antenna" that receives and transduces chemosensory and mechanosensory signals, but also regulates diverse signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Shh, that have important roles during embryonic development. Most MKS proteins localize to a distinct ciliary compartment called the transition zone (TZ) that regulates the trafficking of cargo proteins or lipids. In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of MKS clinical features, molecular genetics, and clinical diagnosis. MKS has a highly variable phenotype, extreme genetic heterogeneity, and displays allelism with other related ciliopathies such as Joubert syndrome, presenting significant challenges to diagnosis. Recent advances in genetic technology, with the widespread use of multi-gene panels for molecular testing, have significantly improved diagnosis, genetic counseling, and the clinical management of MKS families. These include the description of some limited genotype-phenotype correlations. We discuss recent insights into the molecular basis of disease in MKS, since the functions of some of the relevant ciliary proteins have now been determined. A common molecular etiology appears to be disruption of ciliary TZ structure and function, affecting essential developmental signaling and the regulation of secondary messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verity Hartill
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Saghira Malik Sharif
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Sciences, UWE Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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27
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Tanaka T, Goto K, Iino M. Diverse Functions and Signal Transduction of the Exocyst Complex in Tumor Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:939-957. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; School of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; School of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; School of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; School of Medicine; Yamagata University; Yamagata Japan
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28
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Sawardekar KP. Meckel–Gruber syndrome: prevalence from a hospital-based study in Oman. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:3696-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Roosing S, Romani M, Isrie M, Rosti RO, Micalizzi A, Musaev D, Mazza T, Al-gazali L, Altunoglu U, Boltshauser E, D'Arrigo S, De Keersmaecker B, Kayserili H, Brandenberger S, Kraoua I, Mark PR, McKanna T, Van Keirsbilck J, Moerman P, Poretti A, Puri R, Van Esch H, Gleeson JG, Valente EM. Mutations in CEP120 cause Joubert syndrome as well as complex ciliopathy phenotypes. J Med Genet 2016; 53:608-15. [PMID: 27208211 PMCID: PMC5013089 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliopathies are an extensive group of autosomal recessive or X-linked disorders with considerable genetic and clinical overlap, which collectively share multiple organ involvement and may result in lethal or viable phenotypes. In large numbers of cases the genetic defect remains yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to describe the mutational frequency and phenotypic spectrum of the CEP120 gene. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 145 patients with Joubert syndrome (JS), including 15 children with oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI (OFDVI) and 21 Meckel syndrome (MKS) fetuses. Moreover, exome sequencing was performed in one fetus with tectocerebellar dysraphia with occipital encephalocele (TCDOE), molar tooth sign and additional skeletal abnormalities. As a parallel study, 346 probands with a phenotype consistent with JS or related ciliopathies underwent next-generation sequencing-based targeted sequencing of 120 previously described and candidate ciliopathy genes. RESULTS We present six probands carrying nine distinct mutations (of which eight are novel) in the CEP120 gene, previously found mutated only in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD). The CEP120-associated phenotype ranges from mild classical JS in four patients to more severe conditions in two fetuses, with overlapping features of distinct ciliopathies that include TCDOE, MKS, JATD and OFD syndromes. No obvious correlation is evident between the type or location of identified mutations and the ciliopathy phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings broaden the spectrum of phenotypes caused by CEP120 mutations that account for nearly 1% of patients with JS as well as for more complex ciliopathy phenotypes. The lack of clear genotype-phenotype correlation highlights the relevance of comprehensive genetic analyses in the diagnostics of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, New York Genome Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Romani
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mala Isrie
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rasim Ozgur Rosti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Damir Musaev
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lihadh Al-gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bart De Keersmaecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology of Tunis, La Rabta, Tunisia
| | - Paul R Mark
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Trudy McKanna
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Philippe Moerman
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ratna Puri
- Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, New York Genome Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Abstract
The 22 Arab nations have a unique genetic structure, which reflects both conserved and diverse gene pools due to the prevalent endogamous and consanguineous marriage culture and the long history of admixture among different ethnic subcultures descended from the Asian, European, and African continents. Human genome sequencing has enabled large-scale genomic studies of different populations and has become a powerful tool for studying disease predictions and diagnosis. Despite the importance of the Arab genome for better understanding the dynamics of the human genome, discovering rare genetic variations, and studying early human migration out of Africa, it is poorly represented in human genome databases, such as HapMap and the 1000 Genomes Project. In this review, I demonstrate the significance of sequencing the Arab genome and setting an Arab genome reference(s) for better understanding the molecular pathogenesis of genetic diseases, discovering novel/rare variants, and identifying a meaningful genotype-phenotype correlation for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Zayed
- College of Health and Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Department, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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31
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Toriyama M, Lee C, Taylor SP, Duran I, Cohn DH, Bruel AL, Tabler JM, Drew K, Kelley MR, Kim S, Park TJ, Braun D, Pierquin G, Biver A, Wagner K, Malfroot A, Panigrahi I, Franco B, Al-lami HA, Yeung Y, Choi YJ, Duffourd Y, Faivre L, Rivière JB, Chen J, Liu KJ, Marcotte EM, Hildebrandt F, Thauvin-Robinet C, Krakow D, Jackson PK, Wallingford JB. The ciliopathy-associated CPLANE proteins direct basal body recruitment of intraflagellar transport machinery. Nat Genet 2016; 48:648-56. [PMID: 27158779 PMCID: PMC4978421 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cilia use microtubule-based intraflagellar transport (IFT) to organize intercellular signaling. Ciliopathies are a spectrum of human diseases resulting from defects in cilia structure or function. The mechanisms regulating the assembly of ciliary multiprotein complexes and the transport of these complexes to the base of cilia remain largely unknown. Combining proteomics, in vivo imaging and genetic analysis of proteins linked to planar cell polarity (Inturned, Fuzzy and Wdpcp), we identified and characterized a new genetic module, which we term CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector), and an extensive associated protein network. CPLANE proteins physically and functionally interact with the poorly understood ciliopathy-associated protein Jbts17 at basal bodies, where they act to recruit a specific subset of IFT-A proteins. In the absence of CPLANE, defective IFT-A particles enter the axoneme and IFT-B trafficking is severely perturbed. Accordingly, mutation of CPLANE genes elicits specific ciliopathy phenotypes in mouse models and is associated with ciliopathies in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - S. Paige Taylor
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Human Genetics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ivan Duran
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Human Genetics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA, 90095
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | | | - Kevin Drew
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Marcus R. Kelley
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Sukyoung Kim
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Dept. of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Daniella Braun
- HHMI and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | - Kerstin Wagner
- Cardiological Pediatric unit, Hospital Center, Luxemburg
| | - Anne Malfroot
- Clinic of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Travel Clinic and Cystic Fibrosis Clinic at the Universitair Ziekenhuis UZ Brussel, Belgium
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics Advanced, Pediatric Centre Pigmer, Chandigarh, India
| | - Brunella Franco
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Division of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM , Naples Italy
| | - Hadeel Adel Al-lami
- Dept. of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London
| | - Yvonne Yeung
- Dept. of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | | | - Yannis Duffourd
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Clinical genetics centre and Eastern referral centre for developmental anomalies and malformative syndromes, FHU-TRANSLAD, Children Hospital, CHU Dijon, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, FHU-TRANSLAD, PTB, CHU Dijon, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Jiang Chen
- Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - Karen J. Liu
- Dept. of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London
| | | | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- HHMI and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, FHU-TRANSLAD, PTB, CHU Dijon, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA, 90095
| | - Peter K. Jackson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford, California 94305
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Clinical utility gene card for: Meckel syndrome - update 2016. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:ejhg201633. [PMID: 27094752 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Martin-Urdiroz M, Deeks MJ, Horton CG, Dawe HR, Jourdain I. The Exocyst Complex in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:24. [PMID: 27148529 PMCID: PMC4828438 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytosis involves the fusion of intracellular secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane, thereby delivering integral membrane proteins to the cell surface and releasing material into the extracellular space. Importantly, exocytosis also provides a source of lipid moieties for membrane extension. The tethering of the secretory vesicle before docking and fusion with the plasma membrane is mediated by the exocyst complex, an evolutionary conserved octameric complex of proteins. Recent findings indicate that the exocyst complex also takes part in other intra-cellular processes besides secretion. These various functions seem to converge toward defining a direction of membrane growth in a range of systems from fungi to plants and from neurons to cilia. In this review we summarize the current knowledge of exocyst function in cell polarity, signaling and cell-cell communication and discuss implications for plant and animal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Deeks
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Connor G Horton
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Helen R Dawe
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Isabelle Jourdain
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
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Al-Hamed MH, Kurdi W, Alsahan N, Alabdullah Z, Abudraz R, Tulbah M, Alnemer M, Khan R, Al-Jurayb H, Alahmed A, Tahir AI, Khalil D, Edwards N, Al Abdulaziz B, Binhumaid FS, Majid S, Faquih T, El-Kalioby M, Abouelhoda M, Altassan N, Monies D, Meyer B, Sayer JA, Albaqumi M. Genetic spectrum of Saudi Arabian patients with antenatal cystic kidney disease and ciliopathy phenotypes using a targeted renal gene panel. J Med Genet 2016; 53:338-47. [PMID: 26862157 PMCID: PMC4853542 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Inherited cystic kidney disorders are a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Over 50 ciliopathy genes, which encode proteins that influence the structure and function of the primary cilia, are implicated in cystic kidney disease. Methods To define the phenotype and genotype of cystic kidney disease in fetuses and neonates, we correlated antenatal ultrasound examination and postnatal renal ultrasound examination with targeted exon sequencing, using a renal gene panel. A cohort of 44 families in whom antenatal renal ultrasound scanning findings in affected cases included bilateral cystic kidney disease, echogenic kidneys or enlarged kidneys was investigated. Results In this cohort, disease phenotypes were severe with 36 cases of stillbirth or perinatal death. Extra renal malformations, including encephalocele, polydactyly and heart malformations, consistent with ciliopathy phenotypes, were frequently detected. Renal gene panel testing identified causative mutations in 21 out of 34 families (62%), where patient and parental DNA was available. In the remaining 10 families, where only parental DNA was available, 7 inferred causative mutations were found. Together, mutations were found in 12 different genes with a total of 13 novel pathogenic variants, including an inferred novel variant in NEK8. Mutations in CC2D2A were the most common cause of an antenatal cystic kidney disease and a suspected ciliopathy in our cohort. Conclusions In families with ciliopathy phenotypes, mutational analysis using a targeted renal gene panel allows a rapid molecular diagnosis and provides important information for patients, parents and their physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Al-Hamed
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Kurdi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alsahan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Alabdullah
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Abudraz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Tulbah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alnemer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubina Khan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya Al-Jurayb
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alahmed
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma I Tahir
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dania Khalil
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noel Edwards
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Basma Al Abdulaziz
- Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal S Binhumaid
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Majid
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Faquih
- Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Kalioby
- Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Altassan
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian Meyer
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Saudi Human Genome Project, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mamdouh Albaqumi
- Genetics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Knopp C, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Eggermann T, Bergmann C, Begemann M, Schoner K, Zerres K, Ortiz Brüchle N. Syndromic ciliopathies: From single gene to multi gene analysis by SNP arrays and next generation sequencing. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dempsey JC, Phelps IG, O'Roak BJ, Knutzen DM, Rue TC, Ishak GE, Isabella CR, Gorden N, Adkins J, Boyle EA, de Lacy N, O'Day D, Alswaid A, Ramadevi A R, Lingappa L, Lourenço C, Martorell L, Garcia-Cazorla À, Ozyürek H, Haliloğlu G, Tuysuz B, Topçu M, Chance P, Parisi MA, Glass IA, Shendure J, Doherty D. Joubert syndrome: a model for untangling recessive disorders with extreme genetic heterogeneity. J Med Genet 2015; 52:514-22. [PMID: 26092869 PMCID: PMC5082428 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by hypotonia, ataxia, cognitive impairment, abnormal eye movements, respiratory control disturbances and a distinctive mid-hindbrain malformation. JS demonstrates substantial phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. This study provides a comprehensive view of the current genetic basis, phenotypic range and gene-phenotype associations in JS. METHODS We sequenced 27 JS-associated genes in 440 affected individuals (375 families) from a cohort of 532 individuals (440 families) with JS, using molecular inversion probe-based targeted capture and next-generation sequencing. Variant pathogenicity was defined using the Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion algorithm with an optimised score cut-off. RESULTS We identified presumed causal variants in 62% of pedigrees, including the first B9D2 mutations associated with JS. 253 different mutations in 23 genes highlight the extreme genetic heterogeneity of JS. Phenotypic analysis revealed that only 34% of individuals have a 'pure JS' phenotype. Retinal disease is present in 30% of individuals, renal disease in 25%, coloboma in 17%, polydactyly in 15%, liver fibrosis in 14% and encephalocele in 8%. Loss of CEP290 function is associated with retinal dystrophy, while loss of TMEM67 function is associated with liver fibrosis and coloboma, but we observe no clear-cut distinction between JS subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This work illustrates how combining advanced sequencing techniques with phenotypic data addresses extreme genetic heterogeneity to provide diagnostic and carrier testing, guide medical monitoring for progressive complications, facilitate interpretation of genome-wide sequencing results in individuals with a variety of phenotypes and enable gene-specific treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J C Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - I G Phelps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - B J O'Roak
- Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - D M Knutzen
- Department of Oncology, Franciscan Health System, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - T C Rue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G E Ishak
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C R Isabella
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - N Gorden
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J Adkins
- Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - E A Boyle
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - N de Lacy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D O'Day
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Alswaid
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - L Lingappa
- Department of Child Neurology, Rainbow Children Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - C Lourenço
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Neurosciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Martorell
- Department of Genetica Molecular, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - À Garcia-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Ozyürek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - G Haliloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Tuysuz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Topçu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - P Chance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M A Parisi
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - I A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Shendure
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Cortés CR, Metzis V, Wicking C. Unmasking the ciliopathies: craniofacial defects and the primary cilium. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:637-53. [PMID: 26173831 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the primary cilium has emerged as a pivotal sensory organelle that acts as a major signaling hub for a number of developmental signaling pathways. In that time, a vast number of proteins involved in trafficking and signaling have been linked to ciliary assembly and/or function, demonstrating the importance of this organelle during embryonic development. Given the central role of the primary cilium in regulating developmental signaling, it is not surprising that its dysfunction results in widespread defects in the embryo, leading to an expanding class of human congenital disorders known as ciliopathies. These disorders are individually rare and phenotypically variable, but together they affect virtually every vertebrate organ system. Features of ciliopathies that are often overlooked, but which are being reported with increasing frequency, are craniofacial abnormalities, ranging from subtle midline defects to full-blown orofacial clefting. The challenge moving forward is to understand the primary mechanism of disease given the link between the primary cilium and a number of developmental signaling pathways (such as hedgehog, platelet-derived growth factor, and WNT signaling) that are essential for craniofacial development. Here, we provide an overview of the diversity of craniofacial abnormalities present in the ciliopathy spectrum, and reveal those defects in common across multiple disorders. Further, we discuss the molecular defects and potential signaling perturbations underlying these anomalies. This provides insight into the mechanisms leading to ciliopathy phenotypes more generally and highlights the prevalence of widespread dysmorphologies resulting from cilia dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio R Cortés
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vicki Metzis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carol Wicking
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Shaheen R, Almoisheer A, Faqeih E, Babay Z, Monies D, Tassan N, Abouelhoda M, Kurdi W, Al Mardawi E, Khalil MMI, Seidahmed MZ, Alnemer M, Alsahan N, Sogaty S, Alhashem A, Singh A, Goyal M, Kapoor S, Alomar R, Ibrahim N, Alkuraya FS. Identification of a novel MKS locus defined by TMEM107 mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:5211-8. [PMID: 26123494 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) is a perinatally lethal disorder characterized by the triad of occipital encephalocele, polydactyly and polycystic kidneys. Typical of other disorders related to defective primary cilium (ciliopathies), MKS is genetically heterogeneous with mutations in a dozen genes to date known to cause the disease. In an ongoing effort to characterize MKS clinically and genetically, we implemented a gene panel and next-generation sequencing approach to identify the causal mutation in 25 MKS families. Of the three families that did not harbor an identifiable causal mutation by this approach, two mapped to a novel disease locus in which whole-exome sequencing revealed the likely causal mutation as a homozygous splicing variant in TMEM107, which we confirm leads to aberrant splicing and nonsense-mediated decay. TMEM107 had been independently identified in two mouse models as a cilia-related protein and mutant mice display typical ciliopathy phenotypes. Our analysis of patient fibroblasts shows marked ciliogenesis defect with an accompanying perturbation of sonic hedgehog signaling, highly concordant with the cellular phenotype in Tmem107 mutants. This study shows that known MKS loci account for the overwhelming majority of MKS cases but additional loci exist including MKS13 caused by TMEM107 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialty, Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Babay
- Depatment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Monies
- Department of Genetics and Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Tassan
- Department of Genetics and Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics and Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Kurdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed M I Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | | | - Maha Alnemer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alsahan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samira Sogaty
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ankur Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Manisha Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Seema Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics Genetic & Research Laboratory, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India and
| | | | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics and Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Damerla RR, Cui C, Gabriel GC, Liu X, Craige B, Gibbs BC, Francis R, Li Y, Chatterjee B, San Agustin JT, Eguether T, Subramanian R, Witman GB, Michaud JL, Pazour GJ, Lo CW. Novel Jbts17 mutant mouse model of Joubert syndrome with cilia transition zone defects and cerebellar and other ciliopathy related anomalies. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:3994-4005. [PMID: 25877302 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies identified a previously uncharacterized gene C5ORF42 (JBTS17) as a major cause of Joubert syndrome (JBTS), a ciliopathy associated with cerebellar abnormalities and other birth defects. Here we report the first Jbts17 mutant mouse model, Heart Under Glass (Hug), recovered from a forward genetic screen. Exome sequencing identified Hug as a S235P missense mutation in the mouse homolog of JBTS17 (2410089e03rik). Hug mutants exhibit multiple birth defects typical of ciliopathies, including skeletal dysplasia, polydactyly, craniofacial anomalies, kidney cysts and eye defects. Some Hug mutants exhibit congenital heart defects ranging from mild pulmonary stenosis to severe pulmonary atresia. Immunostaining showed JBTS17 is localized in the cilia transition zone. Fibroblasts from Hug mutant mice and a JBTS patient with a JBTS17 mutation showed ciliogenesis defects. Significantly, Hug mutant fibroblasts showed loss of not only JBTS17, but also NPHP1 and CEP290 from the cilia transition zone. Hug mutants exhibited reduced ciliation in the cerebellum. This was associated with reduction in cerebellar foliation. Using a fibroblast wound-healing assay, we showed Hug mutant cells cannot establish cell polarity required for directional cell migration. However, stereocilia patterning was grossly normal in the cochlea, indicating planar cell polarity is not markedly affected. Overall, we showed the JBTS pathophysiology is replicated in the Hug mutant mice harboring a Jbts17 mutation. Our findings demonstrate JBTS17 is a cilia transition zone component that acts upstream of other Joubert syndrome associated transition zone proteins NPHP1 and CEP290, indicating its importance in the pathogenesis of Joubert syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cheng Cui
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George C Gabriel
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Brian C Gibbs
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard Francis
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - You Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bishwanath Chatterjee
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jovenal T San Agustin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA and
| | - Thibaut Eguether
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA and
| | - Ramiah Subramanian
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory J Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA and
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
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Barakeh D, Faqeih E, Anazi S, S Al-Dosari M, Softah A, Albadr F, Hassan H, Alazami AM, Alkuraya FS. The many faces of KIF7. Hum Genome Var 2015; 2:15006. [PMID: 27081521 PMCID: PMC4785560 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KIF7, the gene that encodes a component of the kinesin complex of anterograde intraflagellar transport in the cilia, have been reported to cause a range of phenotypes including hydrolethalis, acrocallosal syndrome and Joubert syndrome. In a cohort of patients with various neurogenetic phenotypes, we identified novel KIF7 mutations in two families that span the known phenotypic spectrum of KIF7-related disorders. Surprisingly, we also identified a novel truncating KIF7 mutation in a third consanguineous family, in which the index presented with intellectual disability but no overt signs of ciliopathy, and his brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an isolated dysgenesis of corpus callosum. This small cohort contributes novel pathogenic alleles of KIF7 and suggests that KIF7-related phenotypes can include isolated dysgenesis of corpus callosum with intellectual disability, thus expanding the range of phenotypes that warrant sequencing of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duna Barakeh
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Children's Specialist Hospital, King Fahad Medical City , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen Softah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Albadr
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Alazami
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alazami AM, Patel N, Shamseldin HE, Anazi S, Al-Dosari MS, Alzahrani F, Hijazi H, Alshammari M, Aldahmesh MA, Salih MA, Faqeih E, Alhashem A, Bashiri FA, Al-Owain M, Kentab AY, Sogaty S, Al Tala S, Temsah MH, Tulbah M, Aljelaify RF, Alshahwan SA, Seidahmed MZ, Alhadid AA, Aldhalaan H, AlQallaf F, Kurdi W, Alfadhel M, Babay Z, Alsogheer M, Kaya N, Al-Hassnan ZN, Abdel-Salam GMH, Al-Sannaa N, Al Mutairi F, El Khashab HY, Bohlega S, Jia X, Nguyen HC, Hammami R, Adly N, Mohamed JY, Abdulwahab F, Ibrahim N, Naim EA, Al-Younes B, Meyer BF, Hashem M, Shaheen R, Xiong Y, Abouelhoda M, Aldeeri AA, Monies DM, Alkuraya FS. Accelerating novel candidate gene discovery in neurogenetic disorders via whole-exome sequencing of prescreened multiplex consanguineous families. Cell Rep 2014; 10:148-61. [PMID: 25558065 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of disease genes in neurological disorders is incomplete. With the aim of closing this gap, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 143 multiplex consanguineous families in whom known disease genes had been excluded by autozygosity mapping and candidate gene analysis. This prescreening step led to the identification of 69 recessive genes not previously associated with disease, of which 33 are here described (SPDL1, TUBA3E, INO80, NID1, TSEN15, DMBX1, CLHC1, C12orf4, WDR93, ST7, MATN4, SEC24D, PCDHB4, PTPN23, TAF6, TBCK, FAM177A1, KIAA1109, MTSS1L, XIRP1, KCTD3, CHAF1B, ARV1, ISCA2, PTRH2, GEMIN4, MYOCD, PDPR, DPH1, NUP107, TMEM92, EPB41L4A, and FAM120AOS). We also encountered instances in which the phenotype departed significantly from the established clinical presentation of a known disease gene. Overall, a likely causal mutation was identified in >73% of our cases. This study contributes to the global effort toward a full compendium of disease genes affecting brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas M Alazami
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsa Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema Alzahrani
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadia Hijazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera Alshammari
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Aldahmesh
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Salih
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eissa Faqeih
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Bashiri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Y Kentab
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera Sogaty
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah 23325, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Tala
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushayt 62413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Tulbah
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha F Aljelaify
- Center of Excellence for Genomics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Alshahwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adnan A Alhadid
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Aldhalaan
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatema AlQallaf
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Kurdi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Babay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alsogheer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Namik Kaya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair N Al-Hassnan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12345, Egypt
| | - Nouriya Al-Sannaa
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad Al Mutairi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Y El Khashab
- Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo 01234, Egypt
| | - Saeed Bohlega
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Henry C Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rakad Hammami
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouran Adly
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawahir Y Mohamed
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ewa A Naim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Banan Al-Younes
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian F Meyer
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mohamed Abouelhoda
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Aldeeri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota M Monies
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Human Genome Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
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42
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Alkuraya FS. Genetics and genomic medicine in Saudi Arabia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:369-78. [PMID: 25333061 PMCID: PMC4190871 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li H, Liu G, Xia L, Zhou Q, Xiong J, Xian J, Du M, Zhang L, Liao L, Su X, Li Z, Luo Q, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Wang D, Yang ZZ. A polymorphism in the DNA repair domain of APEX1 is associated with the radiation-induced pneumonitis risk among lung cancer patients after radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140093. [PMID: 24884729 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) (rs1130409, rs1760944, rs2307486 and rs3136817) in APEX1 with the risk of severe radiation-induced pneumonitis (RP) after radiotherapy among Han Chinese patients with lung cancer. METHODS A total of 168 patients with lung cancer who were receiving radiotherapy were prospectively recruited. RP was evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. A case-control study was performed. The case group included patients with RP grade of ≥3, while the control group comprised patients with RP grades <3. Four tagSNPs of APEX1 were genotyped in 126 patients with complete follow-up by multi-SNaPshot® (Genesky Biotechnologies Inc., Shanghai, China) genotyping assays. RESULTS were assessed by a logistic regression model for RP risk and Mantal-Cox log-rank test for the cumulative RP probability by the genotypes. RESULTS rs1130409 was associated with severe RP. GT genotype of rs1130409 was significantly higher in patients with RP than in those of the control group [68.8% vs 41.8%; p = 0.025; resulting odds ratio (OR), 5.98]. Patients with lung cancer bearing the G allele had a 5.83-fold higher risk of RP than those with the wild TT genotype [OR = 5.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27-26.90; p = 0.024], and this was further confirmed by the binary regression adjusted by some confounding factors, including Karnofsky performance scale, concurrent chemotherapy-radiotherapy and lung volume receiving >30 Gy (OR = 6.96; 95% CI, 1.36-35.77; p = 0.02). rs1130409 was also associated with the time to occurrence of severe RP (p = 0.04). Three-dimensional model APEX1 protein showed that rs1130409 is located in the random coil structure corresponding to the DNA repair function region. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE rs1130409 of APEX1 can be a predictor of RP grades ≥3 among patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- 1 Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tanaka T, Iino M. Knockdown of Sec8 promotes cell-cycle arrest at G1/S phase by inducing p21 via control of FOXO proteins. FEBS J 2014; 281:1068-84. [PMID: 24299491 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
p21(Cip1) protein inhibits the activity of cyclins at the G(1) checkpoint and influences transition of cells from the G(1) to the S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, expression of members of the FOXO family (active form of forkhead transcription factors of the O class) in dividing cells promotes cell-cycle arrest at the G(1)/S boundary via regulation of p21(Cip1). Recently, the exocyst complex, including Sec8, has been implicated in various roles independent of its role in secretion, such as cell migration, invadopodia formation, cytokinesis, glucose uptake and neural development. Given the essential roles of the exocyst complex in cellular and developmental processes, disruption of its function may be involved in various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and neuronal disorders. However, the relationship between Sec8 and the cell cycle remains to be elucidated. In this study, knockdown of Sec8 inhibited cell growth and promoted cell-cycle arrest at the G(1)/S phase by control of p21 expression and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, Sec8 regulated FOXO family proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome degradation by regulating the expression of the murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) protein but not S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Japan; Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Japan
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Shaheen R, Shamseldin HE, Loucks CM, Seidahmed MZ, Ansari S, Ibrahim Khalil M, Al-Yacoub N, Davis EE, Mola NA, Szymanska K, Herridge W, Chudley AE, Chodirker BN, Schwartzentruber J, Majewski J, Katsanis N, Poizat C, Johnson CA, Parboosingh J, Boycott KM, Innes AM, Alkuraya FS. Mutations in CSPP1, encoding a core centrosomal protein, cause a range of ciliopathy phenotypes in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:73-9. [PMID: 24360803 PMCID: PMC3882732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are characterized by a pattern of multisystem involvement that is consistent with the developmental role of the primary cilium. Within this biological module, mutations in genes that encode components of the cilium and its anchoring structure, the basal body, are the major contributors to both disease causality and modification. However, despite rapid advances in this field, the majority of the genes that drive ciliopathies and the mechanisms that govern the pronounced phenotypic variability of this group of disorders remain poorly understood. Here, we show that mutations in CSPP1, which encodes a core centrosomal protein, are disease causing on the basis of the independent identification of two homozygous truncating mutations in three consanguineous families (one Arab and two Hutterite) affected by variable ciliopathy phenotypes ranging from Joubert syndrome to the more severe Meckel-Gruber syndrome with perinatal lethality and occipital encephalocele. Consistent with the recently described role of CSPP1 in ciliogenesis, we show that mutant fibroblasts from one affected individual have severely impaired ciliogenesis with concomitant defects in sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling. Our results expand the list of centrosomal proteins implicated in human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranad Shaheen
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catrina M Loucks
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | | | - Shinu Ansari
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadya Al-Yacoub
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 22710, USA
| | - Natalie A Mola
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 22710, USA
| | - Katarzyna Szymanska
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Warren Herridge
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Albert E Chudley
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Bernard N Chodirker
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | | | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 22710, USA
| | - Coralie Poizat
- Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jillian Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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Salih MA, Murshid WR, Seidahmed MZ. Classification, clinical features, and genetics of neural tube defects. Saudi Med J 2014; 35 Suppl 1:S5-S14. [PMID: 25551113 PMCID: PMC4362100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) constitute a major health burden (0.5-2/1000 pregnancies worldwide), and remain a preventable cause of still birth, neonatal, and infant death, or significant lifelong handicaps. The malformations result from failure of the neural folds to fuse in the midline, and form the neural tube between the third and the fourth week of embryonic development. This review article discusses their classification, clinical features, and genetics. Most NTDs are sporadic and both genetic, and non-genetic environmental factors are involved in its etiology. Consanguinity was suggested to contribute to the high incidence of NTDs in several countries, including Saudi Arabia. Syndromes, often associated with chromosomal anomalies, account for <10% of all NTDs; but a higher proportion (20%) has been documented in Saudi Arabia. Genetic predisposition constitutes the major underlying risk factor, with a strong implication of genes that regulate folate one-carbon metabolism and planar cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Salih
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, the Division of Neurosurgery (Murshid), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and the Neonatology Unit (Seidahmed), Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Address correspondence and reprint request to: Prof. Mustafa A. M. Salih, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Waleed R. Murshid
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, the Division of Neurosurgery (Murshid), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and the Neonatology Unit (Seidahmed), Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Z. Seidahmed
- From the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, the Division of Neurosurgery (Murshid), Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and the Neonatology Unit (Seidahmed), Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Seidahmed MZ, Abdelbasit OB, Shaheed MM, Alhussein KA, Miqdad AM, Samadi AS, Khalil MI, Al-Mardawi E, Salih MA. Genetic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes of neural tube defects. Saudi Med J 2014; 35 Suppl 1:S49-56. [PMID: 25551112 PMCID: PMC4362101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To ascertain the incidence, and describe the various forms of neural tube defects (NTDs) due to genetic, chromosomal, and syndromic causes. METHODS We carried out a retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the medical records of newborn infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with NTDs and their mothers spanning 14 years (1996-2009) at the Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cases were ascertained by a perinatologist, neonatologist, geneticist, radiologist, and neurologist. The literature was reviewed via a MEDLINE search. Only liveborn babies were included. Permission from the Educational Committee at the Security Forces Hospital was obtained prior to the collection of data. RESULTS Out of 103 infants with NTDs admitted during this period, 20 (19.4%) were found to have an underlying genetic syndromic, chromosomal and/or other anomalies. There were 5 cases of Meckel-Gruber syndrome, 2 Joubert syndrome, one Waardenburg syndrome, one Walker-Warburg syndrome, 2 chromosomal disorders, 2 caudal regression, one amniotic band disruption sequence, one associated with omphalocele, one with diaphragmatic hernia, and 4 with multiple congenital anomalies. CONCLUSION There is a high rate of underlying genetic syndromic and/or chromosomal causes of NTDs in the Saudi Arabian population due to the high consanguinity rate. Identification of such association can lead to more accurate provisions of genetic counseling to the family including preimplantation genetic diagnosis or early termination of pregnancies associated with lethal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z. Seidahmed
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Mohammed Z. Seidahmed, Consultant Neonatologist, Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh 11481, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | - Omer B. Abdelbasit
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Meeralebbae M. Shaheed
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid A. Alhussein
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer M. Miqdad
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmohsen S. Samadi
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed I. Khalil
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elham Al-Mardawi
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mustafa A. Salih
- From the Division of Neonatology (Seidahmed, Abdelbasit, Shaheed, Alhussein, Miqdad, Samadi), Pediatric Department, and the Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Khalil, Al-Mardawi), Security Forces Hospital, and the Division of Pediatric Neurology (Salih), Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Barker AR, Thomas R, Dawe HR. Meckel-Gruber syndrome and the role of primary cilia in kidney, skeleton, and central nervous system development. Organogenesis 2013; 10:96-107. [PMID: 24322779 DOI: 10.4161/org.27375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ciliopathies are a group of related inherited diseases characterized by malformations in organ development. The diseases affect multiple organ systems, with kidney, skeleton, and brain malformations frequently observed. Research over the last decade has revealed that these diseases are due to defects in primary cilia, essential sensory organelles found on most cells in the human body. Here we discuss the genetic and cell biological basis of one of the most severe ciliopathies, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, and explain how primary cilia contribute to the development of the affected organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Barker
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter, UK
| | - Rhys Thomas
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter, UK
| | - Helen R Dawe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter, UK
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Adly N, Alhashem A, Ammari A, Alkuraya FS. Ciliary genes TBC1D32/C6orf170 and SCLT1 are mutated in patients with OFD type IX. Hum Mutat 2013; 35:36-40. [PMID: 24285566 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical syndromes caused by defects in the primary cilium are heterogeneous but there are recurrent phenotypic manifestations that define them as a collective group known as ciliopathies. Dozens of genes have been linked to various ciliopathies but large patient cohorts have clearly revealed the existence of additional genetic heterogeneity, which is yet to be fully appreciated. In our search for novel ciliopathy-linked genes through the study of unmapped ciliopathy phenotypes, we have identified two simplex cases with a severe ciliopathy phenotype consistent with oro-facio-digital syndrome type IX featuring midline cleft, microcephaly, and colobomatous microphathalmia/anophthalmia. In addition, there was variable presence of polydactyly, absent pituitary, and congenital heart disease. The autozygome of each index harbored a single novel truncating variant as revealed by exome sequencing, and the affected genes (SCLT1 and TBC1D32/C6orf170) have established roles in centrosomal biology and ciliogenesis. Our findings suggest a previously unrecognized role of SCLT1 and TBC1D32 in the pathogenesis of ciliopathy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Adly
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lopez E, Thauvin-Robinet C, Reversade B, Khartoufi NE, Devisme L, Holder M, Ansart-Franquet H, Avila M, Lacombe D, Kleinfinger P, Kaori I, Takanashi JI, Le Merrer M, Martinovic J, Noël C, Shboul M, Ho L, Güven Y, Razavi F, Burglen L, Gigot N, Darmency-Stamboul V, Thevenon J, Aral B, Kayserili H, Huet F, Lyonnet S, Le Caignec C, Franco B, Rivière JB, Faivre L, Attié-Bitach T. C5orf42 is the major gene responsible for OFD syndrome type VI. Hum Genet 2013; 133:367-77. [PMID: 24178751 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI (OFD VI) is a recessive ciliopathy defined by two diagnostic criteria: molar tooth sign (MTS) and one or more of the following: (1) tongue hamartoma (s) and/or additional frenula and/or upper lip notch; (2) mesoaxial polydactyly of one or more hands or feet; (3) hypothalamic hamartoma. Because of the MTS, OFD VI belongs to the "Joubert syndrome related disorders". Its genetic aetiology remains largely unknown although mutations in the TMEM216 gene, responsible for Joubert (JBS2) and Meckel-Gruber (MKS2) syndromes, have been reported in two OFD VI patients. To explore the molecular cause(s) of OFD VI syndrome, we used an exome sequencing strategy in six unrelated families followed by Sanger sequencing. We identified a total of 14 novel mutations in the C5orf42 gene in 9/11 families with positive OFD VI diagnostic criteria including a severe fetal case with microphthalmia, cerebellar hypoplasia, corpus callosum agenesis, polydactyly and skeletal dysplasia. C5orf42 mutations have already been reported in Joubert syndrome confirming that OFD VI and JBS are allelic disorders, thus enhancing our knowledge of the complex, highly heterogeneous nature of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Lopez
- Equipe d'accueil EA 4271 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", IFR Santé STIC, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France,
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