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DHULI KRISTJANA, BONETTI GABRIELE, ANPILOGOV KYRYLO, HERBST KARENL, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Validating methods for testing natural molecules on molecular pathways of interest in silico and in vitro. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E279-E288. [PMID: 36479497 PMCID: PMC9710400 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Differentially expressed genes can serve as drug targets and are used to predict drug response and disease progression. In silico drug analysis based on the expression of these genetic biomarkers allows the detection of putative therapeutic agents, which could be used to reverse a pathological gene expression signature. Indeed, a set of bioinformatics tools can increase the accuracy of drug discovery, helping in biomarker identification. Once a drug target is identified, in vitro cell line models of disease are used to evaluate and validate the therapeutic potential of putative drugs and novel natural molecules. This study describes the development of efficacious PCR primers that can be used to identify gene expression of specific genetic pathways, which can lead to the identification of natural molecules as therapeutic agents in specific molecular pathways. For this study, genes involved in health conditions and processes were considered. In particular, the expression of genes involved in obesity, xenobiotics metabolism, endocannabinoid pathway, leukotriene B4 metabolism and signaling, inflammation, endocytosis, hypoxia, lifespan, and neurotrophins were evaluated. Exploiting the expression of specific genes in different cell lines can be useful in in vitro to evaluate the therapeutic effects of small natural molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- KRISTJANA DHULI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Kristjana Dhuli, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | | | - KAREN L. HERBST
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills California and Tucson Arizona, USA
| | - STEPHEN THADDEUS CONNELLY
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA7
| | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, BZ, Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Zu T, Lian H, Green B, Yu Y. Ultra-high Dimensional Quantile Regression for Longitudinal Data: an Application to Blood Pressure Analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2022.2128806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhai Zu
- Department of Operations, Business Analytics, & Information Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Heng Lian
- Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong Hong Kong, China
| | - Brittany Green
- Department of Information Systems, Analytics, and Operations, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Operations, Business Analytics, & Information Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Zhang YY, Zhao ZD, Kong PY, Gao L, Yu YN, Liu J, Wang PQ, Li B, Zhang XX, Yang LQ, Wang Z. A comparative pharmacogenomic analysis of three classic TCM prescriptions for coronary heart disease based on molecular network modeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:735-744. [PMID: 32051552 PMCID: PMC7471444 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved over several thousands of years, which has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Three classical TCM prescriptions, namely Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction, have been extensively used in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Based on molecular network modeling, we performed a comparative pharmacogenomic analysis to systematically determine the drug-targeting spectrum of the three prescriptions at molecular level. Wide-area target molecules of CHD were covered, which was a common feature of the three decoctions, demonstrating their therapeutic functions. Meanwhile, collective signaling involved metabolic/pro-metabolic pathways, driving and transferring pathways, neuropsychiatric pathways, and exocrine or endocrine pathways. These organized pharmacological disturbance was mainly focused on almost all stages of CHD intervention, such as anti-atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular wall function, foam cells formation, platelets aggregation, thrombosis, arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, heterogeneity analysis of the global pharmacological molecular spectrum revealed that signaling crosstalk, cascade convergence, and key targets were tendentious among the three decoctions. After all, it is unadvisable to rank the findings on targeting advantages of the three decoctions. Comparative pharmacological evidence may provide an appropriate decoction scheme for individualized intervention of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zi-de Zhao
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Peng-Yun Kong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Peng-Qian Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhang
- Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100040, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Ontiveros ES, Ueda Y, Harris SP, Stern JA. Precision medicine validation: identifying the MYBPC3 A31P variant with whole-genome sequencing in two Maine Coon cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:1086-1093. [PMID: 30558461 PMCID: PMC10814263 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18816460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to perform a proof-of-concept experiment that validates a precision medicine approach to identify variants associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that whole-genome sequencing would identify variant(s) associated with HCM in two affected Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats when compared with 79 controls of various breeds. METHODS Two affected and two control Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats had whole-genome sequencing performed at approximately × 30 coverage. Variants were called in these four cats and 77 cats of various breeds as part of the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Initiative ( http://felinegenetics.missouri.edu/99lives ) using Platypus v0.7.9.1, annotated with dbSNP ID, and variants' effect predicted by SnpEff. Strict filtering criteria (alternate allele frequency >49%) were applied to identify homozygous-alternate or heterozygous variants in the two HCM-affected samples when compared with 79 controls of various breeds. RESULTS A total of four variants were identified in the two Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats with HCM when compared with 79 controls after strict filtering. Three of the variants identified in genes MFSD12, BTN1A1 and SLITRK5 did not segregate with disease in a separate cohort of seven HCM-affected and five control Maine Coon/Maine Coon cross cats. The remaining variant MYBPC3 segregated with disease status. Furthermore, this gene was previously associated with heart disease and encodes for a protein with sarcomeric function. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This proof-of-concept experiment identified the previously reported MYBPC3 A31P Maine Coon variant in two HCM-affected cases. This result validates and highlights the power of whole-genome sequencing for feline precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Ontiveros
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yu Ueda
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samantha P Harris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Burdennyy AM, Loginov VI, Zavarykina TM, Braga EA, Kubatiev AA. The role of molecular genetic alterations in genes involved in folate and homocysteine metabolism in multifactorial diseases pathogenesis. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Zhang M, Mu H, Lv H, Duan L, Shang Z, Li J, Jiang Y, Zhang R. Integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies and gene expression analysis identifies pathways associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8580-9. [PMID: 26885899 PMCID: PMC4890988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex and systematic autoimmune disease, which is usually influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Pathway analyses based on a single data type such as microarray data or SNP data have successfully revealed some biology pathways associated with RA. However, we found that the pathway analysis based on a single data type only provide limited understanding about the pathogenesis of RA. Gene-disease association is usually caused by many ways, such as genotype, gene expression and so on. Therefore, the integrative analysis method combining multiple levels of evidence can more precisely and comprehensively identify the pathway associations. In this study, we performed a pathway analysis by integrating GWAS and gene expression analysis to detect the RA-related pathways. The integrative analysis identified 28 pathways associated with RA. Among these pathways, 18 pathways were also found by both GWAS and gene expression analysis, 7 pathways are novel RA-related pathways, such as B cell receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and so on. Compared with pathway analyses using only one type genomic data, we found integrative analysis can increase the power to identify the real associations and provided more stable and accurate results. We believe these results will contribute to perform future genetic studies in RA pathogenesis and may promote the development of new therapeutic strategies by targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Mu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchao Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lian Duan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhao X, Luan YZ, Zuo X, Chen YD, Qin J, Jin L, Tan Y, Lin M, Zhang N, Liang Y, Rao SQ. Identification of Risk Pathways and Functional Modules for Coronary Artery Disease Based on Genome-wide SNP Data. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:349-356. [PMID: 27965104 PMCID: PMC5200919 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex human disease, involving multiple genes and their nonlinear interactions, which often act in a modular fashion. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling provides an effective technique to unravel these underlying genetic interplays or their functional involvements for CAD. This study aimed to identify the susceptible pathways and modules for CAD based on SNP omics. First, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) SNP datasets of CAD and control samples were used to assess the joint effect of multiple genetic variants at the pathway level, using logistic kernel machine regression model. Then, an expanded genetic network was constructed by integrating statistical gene–gene interactions involved in these susceptible pathways with their protein–protein interaction (PPI) knowledge. Finally, risk functional modules were identified by decomposition of the network. Of 276 KEGG pathways analyzed, 6 pathways were found to have a significant effect on CAD. Other than glycerolipid metabolism, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, and cardiac muscle contraction pathways, three pathways related to other diseases were also revealed, including Alzheimer’s disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and Huntington’s disease. A genetic epistatic network of 95 genes was further constructed using the abovementioned integrative approach. Of 10 functional modules derived from the network, 6 have been annotated to phospholipase C activity and cell adhesion molecule binding, which also have known functional involvement in Alzheimer’s disease. These findings indicate an overlap of the underlying molecular mechanisms between CAD and Alzheimer’s disease, thus providing new insights into the molecular basis for CAD and its molecular relationships with other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yi-Zhao Luan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ye-Da Chen
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiheng Qin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lv Jin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yiqing Tan
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Naizun Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shao-Qi Rao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Kao PYP, Leung KH, Chan LWC, Yip SP, Yap MKH. Pathway analysis of complex diseases for GWAS, extending to consider rare variants, multi-omics and interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:335-353. [PMID: 27888147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is a major method for studying the genetics of complex diseases. Finding all sequence variants to explain fully the aetiology of a disease is difficult because of their small effect sizes. To better explain disease mechanisms, pathway analysis is used to consolidate the effects of multiple variants, and hence increase the power of the study. While pathway analysis has previously been performed within GWAS only, it can now be extended to examining rare variants, other "-omics" and interaction data. SCOPE OF REVIEW 1. Factors to consider in the choice of software for GWAS pathway analysis. 2. Examples of how pathway analysis is used to analyse rare variants, other "-omics" and interaction data. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS To choose appropriate software tools, factors for consideration include covariate compatibility, null hypothesis, one- or two-step analysis required, curation method of gene sets, size of pathways, and size of flanking regions to define gene boundaries. For rare variants, analysis performance depends on consistency between assumed and actual effect distribution of variants. Integration of other "-omics" data and interaction can better explain gene functions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Pathway analysis methods will be more readily used for integration of multiple sources of data, and enable more accurate prediction of phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y P Kao
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kim Hung Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lawrence W C Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Maurice K H Yap
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang M, Mu H, Shang Z, Kang K, Lv H, Duan L, Li J, Chen X, Teng Y, Jiang Y, Zhang R. Genome-wide pathway-based association analysis identifies risk pathways associated with Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2016; 340:398-410. [PMID: 27840232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is generally believed that it is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, but the precise pathogenesis of PD is unknown to date. In this study, we performed a pathway analysis based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect risk pathways of PD in three GWAS datasets. We first mapped all SNP markers to autosomal genes in each GWAS dataset. Then, we evaluated gene risk values using the minimum P-value of the tagSNPs. We took a pathway as a unit to identify the risk pathways based on the cumulative risks of the genes in the pathway. Finally, we combine the analysis results of the three datasets to detect the high risk pathways associated with PD. We found there were five same pathways in the three datasets. Besides, we also found there were five pathways which were shared in two datasets. Most of these pathways are associated with nervoussystem. Five pathways had been reported to be PD-related pathways in the previous literature. Our findings also implied that there was a close association between immune response and PD. Continued investigation of these pathways will further help us explain the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbo Mu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hongchao Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lian Duan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinren Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanbo Teng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent findings on the role of genetic factors in the aetiopathology of CAD have implicated novel genes and variants in addition to those involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. However, our present knowledge is limited due to lack of clarity on their exact identity and the quantum of impact on disease susceptibility, and incident risk. It is a matter of great interest to understand the role of genetic factors in ethnic populations that have a strong underlying predisposition to CAD such as the South Asian populations, particularly among Asian Indians living in India and abroad. Although, a number of isolated studies do implicate certain gene polymorphisms towards enhanced disease susceptibility, the available data remains scanty and inconclusive as they have not been validated in large, prospective cohorts. The present review aims to consolidate the available literature on the genetics of CAD in Asian Indians and seeks to provide insights on the concerns that need to be addressed in future studies to generate information having clinical value.
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Koster R, Chanock SJ. Hard Work Ahead: Fine Mapping and Functional Follow-up of Susceptibility Alleles in Cancer GWAS. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-015-0049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chan KHK, Huang YT, Meng Q, Wu C, Reiner A, Sobel EM, Tinker L, Lusis AJ, Yang X, Liu S. Shared molecular pathways and gene networks for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women across diverse ethnicities. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2014; 7:911-9. [PMID: 25371518 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) share many common risk factors, potential molecular mechanisms that may also be shared for these 2 disorders remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Using an integrative pathway and network analysis, we performed genome-wide association studies in 8155 blacks, 3494 Hispanic American, and 3697 Caucasian American women who participated in the national Women's Health Initiative single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Health Association Resource and the Genomics and Randomized Trials Network. Eight top pathways and gene networks related to cardiomyopathy, calcium signaling, axon guidance, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix seemed to be commonly shared between CVD and T2D across all 3 ethnic groups. We also identified ethnicity-specific pathways, such as cell cycle (specific for Hispanic American and Caucasian American) and tight junction (CVD and combined CVD and T2D in Hispanic American). In network analysis of gene-gene or protein-protein interactions, we identified key drivers that included COL1A1, COL3A1, and ELN in the shared pathways for both CVD and T2D. These key driver genes were cross-validated in multiple mouse models of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative analysis of American women of 3 ethnicities identified multiple shared biological pathways and key regulatory genes for the development of CVD and T2D. These prospective findings also support the notion that ethnicity-specific susceptibility genes and process are involved in the pathogenesis of CVD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hang K Chan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Qingying Meng
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Chunyuan Wu
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Alexander Reiner
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Eric M Sobel
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Lesley Tinker
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.)
| | - Xia Yang
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.).
| | - Simin Liu
- From the Department of Epidemiology (K.H.K.C., Y.-T.H., S.L.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (S.L.), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (K.H.K.C., Q.M., X.Y.), Department of Human Genetics (E.M.S.), Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.J.L.), and Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.L.), University of California Los Angeles; Biostatistics Division (C.W.), Public Health Sciences Division (L.T.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (A.R.).
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13
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Koster R, Mitra N, D'Andrea K, Vardhanabhuti S, Chung CC, Wang Z, Loren Erickson R, Vaughn DJ, Litchfield K, Rahman N, Greene MH, McGlynn KA, Turnbull C, Chanock SJ, Nathanson KL, Kanetsky PA. Pathway-based analysis of GWAs data identifies association of sex determination genes with susceptibility to testicular germ cell tumors. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6061-8. [PMID: 24943593 PMCID: PMC4204765 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) have identified 18 susceptibility loci, some containing genes encoding proteins important in male germ cell development. Deletions of one of these genes, DMRT1, lead to male-to-female sex reversal and are associated with development of gonadoblastoma. To further explore genetic association with TGCT, we undertook a pathway-based analysis of SNP marker associations in the Penn GWAs (349 TGCT cases and 919 controls). We analyzed a custom-built sex determination gene set consisting of 32 genes using three different methods of pathway-based analysis. The sex determination gene set ranked highly compared with canonical gene sets, and it was associated with TGCT (FDRG = 2.28 × 10(-5), FDRM = 0.014 and FDRI = 0.008 for Gene Set Analysis-SNP (GSA-SNP), Meta-Analysis Gene Set Enrichment of Variant Associations (MAGENTA) and Improved Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for Genome-wide Association Study (i-GSEA4GWAS) analysis, respectively). The association remained after removal of DMRT1 from the gene set (FDRG = 0.0002, FDRM = 0.055 and FDRI = 0.009). Using data from the NCI GWA scan (582 TGCT cases and 1056 controls) and UK scan (986 TGCT cases and 4946 controls), we replicated these findings (NCI: FDRG = 0.006, FDRM = 0.014, FDRI = 0.033, and UK: FDRG = 1.04 × 10(-6), FDRM = 0.016, FDRI = 0.025). After removal of DMRT1 from the gene set, the sex determination gene set remains associated with TGCT in the NCI (FDRG = 0.039, FDRM = 0.050 and FDRI = 0.055) and UK scans (FDRG = 3.00 × 10(-5), FDRM = 0.056 and FDRI = 0.044). With the exception of DMRT1, genes in the sex determination gene set have not previously been identified as TGCT susceptibility loci in these GWA scans, demonstrating the complementary nature of a pathway-based approach for genome-wide analysis of TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Koster
- Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA, Cancer Genome Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - R Loren Erickson
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA and
| | - David J Vaughn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine and, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services,National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,
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14
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Identification of possible pathogenic pathways in Behçet's disease using genome-wide association study data from two different populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:678-87. [PMID: 25227143 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. Two recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of BD confirmed a strong association with the MHC class I region and identified two non-HLA common genetic variations. In complex diseases, multiple factors may target different sets of genes in the same pathway and thus may cause the same disease phenotype. We therefore hypothesized that identification of disease-associated pathways is critical to elucidate mechanisms underlying BD, and those pathways may be conserved within and across populations. To identify the disease-associated pathways, we developed a novel methodology that combines nominally significant evidence of genetic association with current knowledge of biochemical pathways, protein-protein interaction networks, and functional information of selected SNPs. Using this methodology, we searched for the disease-related pathways in two BD GWASs in Turkish and Japanese case-control groups. We found that 6 of the top 10 identified pathways in both populations were overlapping, even though there were few significantly conserved SNPs/genes within and between populations. The probability of random occurrence of such an event was 2.24E-39. These shared pathways were focal adhesion, MAPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and proteasome pathways. Even though each individual has a unique combination of factors involved in their disease development, the targeted pathways are expected to be mostly the same. Hence, the identification of shared pathways between the Turkish and the Japanese patients using GWAS data may help further elucidate the inflammatory mechanisms in BD pathogenesis.
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15
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Pathway-based association analysis of two genome-wide screening data identifies rheumatoid arthritis-related pathways. Genes Immun 2014; 15:487-94. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Mäkinen VP, Civelek M, Meng Q, Zhang B, Zhu J, Levian C, Huan T, Segrè AV, Ghosh S, Vivar J, Nikpay M, Stewart AFR, Nelson CP, Willenborg C, Erdmann J, Blakenberg S, O'Donnell CJ, März W, Laaksonen R, Epstein SE, Kathiresan S, Shah SH, Hazen SL, Reilly MP, Lusis AJ, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Quertermous T, McPherson R, Yang X, Assimes TL. Integrative genomics reveals novel molecular pathways and gene networks for coronary artery disease. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004502. [PMID: 25033284 PMCID: PMC4102418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the heritability of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unexplained, despite recent successes of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in identifying novel susceptibility loci. Integrating functional genomic data from a variety of sources with a large-scale meta-analysis of CAD GWAS may facilitate the identification of novel biological processes and genes involved in CAD, as well as clarify the causal relationships of established processes. Towards this end, we integrated 14 GWAS from the CARDIoGRAM Consortium and two additional GWAS from the Ottawa Heart Institute (25,491 cases and 66,819 controls) with 1) genetics of gene expression studies of CAD-relevant tissues in humans, 2) metabolic and signaling pathways from public databases, and 3) data-driven, tissue-specific gene networks from a multitude of human and mouse experiments. We not only detected CAD-associated gene networks of lipid metabolism, coagulation, immunity, and additional networks with no clear functional annotation, but also revealed key driver genes for each CAD network based on the topology of the gene regulatory networks. In particular, we found a gene network involved in antigen processing to be strongly associated with CAD. The key driver genes of this network included glyoxalase I (GLO1) and peptidylprolyl isomerase I (PPIL1), which we verified as regulatory by siRNA experiments in human aortic endothelial cells. Our results suggest genetic influences on a diverse set of both known and novel biological processes that contribute to CAD risk. The key driver genes for these networks highlight potential novel targets for further mechanistic studies and therapeutic interventions. Sudden death due to heart attack ranks among the top causes of death in the world, and family studies have shown that genetics has a substantial effect on heart disease risk. Recent studies suggest that multiple genetic factors each with modest effects are necessary for the development of CAD, but the genes and molecular processes involved remain poorly understood. We conducted an integrative genomics study where we used the information of gene-gene interactions to capture groups of genes that are most likely to increase heart disease risk. We not only confirmed the importance of several known CAD risk processes such as the metabolism and transport of cholesterol, immune response, and blood coagulation, but also revealed many novel processes such as neuroprotection, cell cycle, and proteolysis that were not previously implicated in CAD. In particular, we highlight several genes such as GLO1 with key regulatory roles within these processes not detected by the first wave of genetic analyses. These results highlight the value of integrating population genetic data with diverse resources that functionally annotate the human genome. Such integration facilitates the identification of novel molecular processes involved in the pathogenesis of CAD as well as potential novel targets for the development of efficacious therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mete Civelek
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Qingying Meng
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Candace Levian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ayellet V. Segrè
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Juan Vivar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Majid Nikpay
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre F. R. Stewart
- John and Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher P. Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Willenborg
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Blakenberg
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher J. O'Donnell
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiology Division, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Winfried März
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Science Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stephen E. Epstein
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiology Division, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Atherogenomics Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XY); (TLA)
| | - Themistocles L. Assimes
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XY); (TLA)
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17
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Role of small GTPase protein Rac1 in cardiovascular diseases: development of new selective pharmacological inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:425-35. [PMID: 23921306 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a18bcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A pathway-based genome-wide association analysis has recently identified Rac1 as one of the biologically important gene in coronary heart diseases. The role of the small GTPase Rac1 in cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis has also been documented in clinical studies with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and in in vitro and in vivo settings using transgenic and knockout mice. Thus, Rac1 has emerged as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The activation state of Rac1 depends on the release of guanosine diphosphate and the binding of guanosine triphosphate. This cycling is regulated by the guanine nucleotide exchange factors, as activators, and by the GTPase-activating proteins. Three categories of selective Rac1 inhibitors have been developed affecting different steps of this pathway: antagonists of Rac1-guanine nucleotide exchange factor interaction, allosteric inhibitors of nucleotide binding to Rac1, and antagonists of Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activity. These chemical compounds have shown to selectively inhibit Rac1 activation in cultured cell lines without affecting the homologous proteins RhoA and Cdc42. Moreover, pioneer studies have been conducted with Rac1 inhibitors in in vivo experimental models of cardiovascular diseases with encouraging results. The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of Rac1 in cardiovascular diseases and the pharmacological approaches that have been developed to selectively inhibit its function.
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18
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Ballouz S, Liu JY, Oti M, Gaeta B, Fatkin D, Bahlo M, Wouters MA. Candidate disease gene prediction using Gentrepid: application to a genome-wide association study on coronary artery disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 2:44-57. [PMID: 24498628 PMCID: PMC3907915 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current single-locus-based analyses and candidate disease gene prediction methodologies used in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) do not capitalize on the wealth of the underlying genetic data, nor functional data available from molecular biology. Here, we analyzed GWAS data from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) on coronary artery disease (CAD). Gentrepid uses a multiple-locus-based approach, drawing on protein pathway- or domain-based data to make predictions. Known disease genes may be used as additional information (seeded method) or predictions can be based entirely on GWAS single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ab initio method). We looked in detail at specific predictions made by Gentrepid for CAD and compared these with known genetic data and the scientific literature. Gentrepid was able to extract known disease genes from the candidate search space and predict plausible novel disease genes from both known and novel WTCCC-implicated loci. The disease gene candidates are consistent with known biological information. The results demonstrate that this computational approach is feasible and a valuable discovery tool for geneticists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ballouz
- Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia ; School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jason Y Liu
- Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Martin Oti
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Gaeta
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Diane Fatkin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia ; Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Merridee A Wouters
- School of Medicine, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia ; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
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19
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Lee JH, Shin DJ, Park S, Kang SM, Jang Y, Lee SH. Association between CDH13 variants and cardiometabolic and vascular phenotypes in a Korean population. Yonsei Med J 2013; 54:1305-12. [PMID: 24142632 PMCID: PMC3809859 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2013.54.6.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although some CDH13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been shown to be determinants of blood adiponectin levels, the clinical implications of CDH13 variants are not yet completely understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of SNPs of CDH13 on metabolic and vascular phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 238 hypertensive subjects and 260 age- and sex-matched controls. Seven tagging-SNPs were identified in the CDH13 gene by whole gene sequencing. The association between these SNP variants and the risk of hypertension, metabolic traits, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was examined. RESULTS Minor allele carriers of rs12444338 had a lower risk of hypertension, but the association turned out just marginal after adjusting confoudners. Blood glucose levels were higher in the minor allele carriers of c.1407C>T (p=0.01), whereas low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were greater in those of rs6565105 (p=0.02). The minor allele of rs1048612 was associated with a higher body mass index (p=0.01). In addition, the mean carotid IMT was significantly associated with rs12444338 (p=0.02) and rs1048612 (p=0.02). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that CDH13 variants are associated with metabolic traits and carotid atherosclerosis in Koreans. This study shows the multifaceted effects of CDH13 variants on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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20
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Elnakish MT, Hassanain HH, Janssen PM, Angelos MG, Khan M. Emerging role of oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: important role of Rac/NADPH oxidase. J Pathol 2013; 231:290-300. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Hamdy H Hassanain
- Department of Anesthesiology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Paul M Janssen
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Mark G Angelos
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
| | - Mahmood Khan
- Dorothy M Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center; Columbus OH USA
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21
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Ferri N, Bernini SK, Corsini A, Clerici F, Erba E, Stragliotto S, Contini A. 3-Aryl-N-aminoylsulfonylphenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides: a new class of selective Rac inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20328f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Talukder MAH, Elnakish MT, Yang F, Nishijima Y, Alhaj MA, Velayutham M, Hassanain HH, Zweier JL. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of an active form of Rac predisposes the heart to increased myocardial stunning and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 304:H294-302. [PMID: 23161879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00367.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The GTP-binding protein Rac regulates diverse cellular functions including activation of NADPH oxidase, a major source of superoxide production (O(2)(·-)). Rac1-mediated NADPH oxidase activation is increased after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure both in animals and humans; however, the impact of increased myocardial Rac on impending ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is unknown. A novel transgenic mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively active mutant form of Zea maize Rac D (ZmRacD) gene has been reported with increased myocardial Rac-GTPase activity and O(2)(·-) generation. The goal of the present study was to determine signaling pathways related to increased myocardial ZmRacD and to what extent hearts with increased ZmRacD proteins are susceptible to I/R injury. The effect of myocardial I/R was examined in young adult wild-type (WT) and ZmRacD transgenic (TG) mice. In vitro reversible myocardial I/R for postischemic cardiac function and in vivo regional myocardial I/R for MI were performed. Following 20-min global ischemia and 45-min reperfusion, postischemic cardiac contractile function and heart rate were significantly reduced in TG hearts compared with WT hearts. Importantly, acute regional myocardial I/R (30-min ischemia and 24-h reperfusion) caused significantly larger MI in TG mice compared with WT mice. Western blot analysis of cardiac homogenates revealed that increased myocardial ZmRacD gene expression is associated with concomitant increased levels of NADPH oxidase subunit gp91(phox), O(2)(·-), and P(21)-activated kinase. Thus these findings provide direct evidence that increased levels of active myocardial Rac renders the heart susceptible to increased postischemic contractile dysfunction and MI following acute I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hassan Talukder
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
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