1
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Bie J, Li Y, Song C, Weng Q, Zhao L, Su L, Zhao Z, Ye Y, Shen Z, Ji J, Luo J. LAMTOR1 ablation impedes cGAS degradation caused by chemotherapy and promotes antitumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320591121. [PMID: 39361643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320591121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance remains a significant obstacle that limits the long-term efficacy of cancer therapy, necessitating further investigations into the underlying mechanisms. Here, we find that DNA fragments induced by chemotherapeutic agents trigger the degradation of cGAS, a potent double-strand DNA (dsDNA) sensor, by lysosomes. Mechanically, the lysosome-localized protein LAMTOR1 is up-regulated, and the interaction between LAMTOR1 and cGAS is enhanced upon exposure to DNA fragments, boosting the accumulation and digestion of cGAS in lysosomes through the receptor protein p62. LAMTOR1 deficiency increases cGAS abundance and promotes activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, leading to subsequent production of type I interferons induced by cytosolic DNA stimulation. Loss of LAMTOR1 synergizes with immunotherapy and chemotherapy to inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice by promoting the infiltration of effective T lymphocytes. Thus, our study reveals a regulation of cGAS abundance and provides a potential strategy to overcome chemotherapy resistance by targeting LAMTOR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou 225316, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li Su
- Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Medical Innovation Center (Taizhou) of Peking University, Taizhou 225316, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Valenstein ML, Lalgudi PV, Gu X, Kedir JF, Taylor MS, Chivukula RR, Sabatini DM. Rag-Ragulator is the central organizer of the physical architecture of the mTORC1 nutrient-sensing pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322755121. [PMID: 39163330 PMCID: PMC11363303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322755121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to many environmental cues, including nutrients. Amino acids signal to mTORC1 by modulating the guanine nucleotide loading states of the heterodimeric Rag GTPases, which bind and recruit mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface, its site of activation. The Rag GTPases are tethered to the lysosome by the Ragulator complex and regulated by the GATOR1, GATOR2, and KICSTOR multiprotein complexes that localize to the lysosomal surface through an unknown mechanism(s). Here, we show that mTORC1 is completely insensitive to amino acids in cells lacking the Rag GTPases or the Ragulator component p18. Moreover, not only are the Rag GTPases and Ragulator required for amino acids to regulate mTORC1, they are also essential for the lysosomal recruitment of the GATOR1, GATOR2, and KICSTOR complexes, which stably associate and traffic to the lysosome as the "GATOR" supercomplex. The nucleotide state of RagA/B controls the lysosomal association of GATOR, in a fashion competitively antagonized by the N terminus of the amino acid transporter SLC38A9. Targeting of Ragulator to the surface of mitochondria is sufficient to relocalize the Rags and GATOR to this organelle, but not to enable the nutrient-regulated recruitment of mTORC1 to mitochondria. Thus, our results reveal that the Rag-Ragulator complex is the central organizer of the physical architecture of the mTORC1 nutrient-sensing pathway and underscore that mTORC1 activation requires signal transduction on the lysosomal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L. Valenstein
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Pranav V. Lalgudi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Xin Gu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Jibril F. Kedir
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Martin S. Taylor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI02903
- Brown Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI02903
- Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI02903
| | - Raghu R. Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
- Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - David M. Sabatini
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague166 10, Czech Republic
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3
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Jiang C, Tan X, Liu N, Yan P, Hou T, Wei W. Nutrient Sensing of mTORC1 signaling in cancer and aging. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:S1044-579X(24)00059-2. [PMID: 39153724 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is indispensable for preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis by balancing the anabolic and catabolic processes in response to various environmental cues, such as nutrients, growth factors, energy status, oxygen levels, and stress. Dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling is associated with the progression of many types of human disorders including cancer, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. The way mTORC1 senses various upstream signals and converts them into specific downstream responses remains a crucial question with significant impacts for our perception of the related physiological and pathological process. In this review, we discuss the recent molecular and functional insights into the nutrient sensing of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, along with the emerging role of deregulating nutrient-mTORC1 signaling in cancer and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Jiang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ning Liu
- International Research Center for Food and Health, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Peiqiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Hou
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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4
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Smiles WJ, Ovens AJ, Kemp BE, Galic S, Petersen J, Oakhill JS. New developments in AMPK and mTORC1 cross-talk. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20240007. [PMID: 38994736 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20240007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis and the ability to link energy supply to demand are essential requirements for all living cells to grow and proliferate. Key to metabolic homeostasis in all eukaryotes are AMPK and mTORC1, two kinases that sense nutrient levels and function as counteracting regulators of catabolism (AMPK) and anabolism (mTORC1) to control cell survival, growth and proliferation. Discoveries beginning in the early 2000s revealed that AMPK and mTORC1 communicate, or cross-talk, through direct and indirect phosphorylation events to regulate the activities of each other and their shared protein substrate ULK1, the master initiator of autophagy, thereby allowing cellular metabolism to rapidly adapt to energy and nutritional state. More recent reports describe divergent mechanisms of AMPK/mTORC1 cross-talk and the elaborate means by which AMPK and mTORC1 are activated at the lysosome. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding in this exciting area and comment on new evidence showing mTORC1 feedback extends to the level of the AMPK isoform, which is particularly pertinent for some cancers where specific AMPK isoforms are implicated in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumour Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ashley J Ovens
- Protein Engineering in Immunity and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- Protein Chemistry and Metabolism, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Vic. Australia
| | - Sandra Galic
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Metabolic Physiology, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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5
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Sambri I, Ferniani M, Ballabio A. Ragopathies and the rising influence of RagGTPases on human diseases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5812. [PMID: 38987251 PMCID: PMC11237164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RagGTPases (Rags) play an essential role in the regulation of cell metabolism by controlling the activities of both mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and Transcription factor EB (TFEB). Several diseases, herein named ragopathies, are associated to Rags dysfunction. These diseases may be caused by mutations either in genes encoding the Rags, or in their upstream regulators. The resulting phenotypes may encompass a variety of clinical features such as cataract, kidney tubulopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and several types of cancer. In this review, we focus on the key clinical, molecular and physio-pathological features of ragopathies, aiming to shed light on their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program (GEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Ferniani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, (NA), Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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6
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Yu G, Fu X, Gong A, Gu J, Zou H, Yuan Y, Song R, Ma Y, Bian J, Liu Z, Tong X. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins ameliorates osteoclastogenesis through reducing OPG/RANKL ratio in chicken's embryos. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103706. [PMID: 38631227 PMCID: PMC11040129 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders can seriously threaten the health and the performance of poultry, such as tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and osteoporosis (OP). Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) are naturally occurring polyphenolic flavonoid compounds that can be used as potential substances to improve the bone health and the growth performance of poultry. Eighty 7-day-old green-eggshell yellow feather layer chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups: basal diet and basal diet supplementation with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg OPC. The results have indicated that the growth performance and bone parameters of chickens were significantly improved supplementation with OPC in vivo, including the bone volume (BV), the bone mineral density (BMD) and the activities of antioxidative enzymes, but ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) was decreased. Furthermore, primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone marrow monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) were successfully isolated from femur and tibia of chickens, and co-cultured to differentiate into osteoclasts in vitro. The osteogenic differentiation derived from BMSCs was promoted treatment with high concentrations of OPC (10, 20, and 40 µmol/L) groups in vitro, but emerging the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by increasing the ratio of OPG/RANKL. In contrary, the osteogenic differentiation was also promoted treatment with low concentrations of OPC (2.5, 5, and 10 µmol/L) groups, but osteoclastogenesis was enhanced by decreasing the ratio of OPG/RANKL in vitro. In addition, OPG inhibits the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts by increasing the autophagy in vitro. Dietary supplementation of OPC can improve the growth performance of bone and alter the balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby improving the bone health of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengsheng Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Fu
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Anqing Gong
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Song
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zongping Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China) / College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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7
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Zhao L, Gao N, Peng X, Chen L, Meng T, Jiang C, Jin J, Zhang J, Duan Q, Tian H, Weng L, Wang X, Tan X, Li Y, Qin H, Yuan J, Ge X, Deng L, Wang P. TRAF4-Mediated LAMTOR1 Ubiquitination Promotes mTORC1 Activation and Inhibits the Inflammation-Induced Colorectal Cancer Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2301164. [PMID: 38229144 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that integrates various environmental signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. mTORC1 activation requires tethering to lysosomes by the Ragulator-Rag complex. However, the dynamic regulation of the interaction between Ragulator and Rag guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) remains unclear. In this study, that LAMTOR1, an essential component of Ragulator, is dynamically ubiquitinated depending on amino acid abundance is reported. It is found that the E3 ligase TRAF4 directly interacts with LAMTOR1 and catalyzes the K63-linked polyubiquitination of LAMTOR1 at K151. Ubiquitination of LAMTOR1 by TRAF4 promoted its binding to Rag GTPases and enhanced mTORC1 activation, K151R knock-in or TRAF4 knock-out blocks amino acid-induced mTORC1 activation and accelerates the development of inflammation-induced colon cancer. This study revealed that TRAF4-mediated LAMTOR1 ubiquitination is a regulatory mechanism for mTORC1 activation and provides a therapeutic target for diseases involving mTORC1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ni Gao
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tong Meng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200940, P. R. China
| | - Cong Jiang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhui Duan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Tian
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Linjun Weng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yaxu Li
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ge
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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8
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Wang Y, Engel T, Teng X. Post-translational regulation of the mTORC1 pathway: A switch that regulates metabolism-related gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195005. [PMID: 38242428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a kinase complex that plays a crucial role in coordinating cell growth in response to various signals, including amino acids, growth factors, oxygen, and ATP. Activation of mTORC1 promotes cell growth and anabolism, while its suppression leads to catabolism and inhibition of cell growth, enabling cells to withstand nutrient scarcity and stress. Dysregulation of mTORC1 activity is associated with numerous diseases, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. This review focuses on how post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation and ubiquitination, modulate mTORC1 signaling pathway and their consequential implications for pathogenesis. Understanding the impact of phosphorylation and ubiquitination on the mTORC1 signaling pathway provides valuable insights into the regulation of cellular growth and potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Xinchen Teng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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9
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Wang X, Hu Z, Zhang W, Wu S, Hao Y, Xiao X, Li J, Yu X, Yang C, Wang J, Zhang H, Ma F, Shi W, Wang J, Lei X, Zhang X, He S. Inhibition of lysosome-tethered Ragulator-Rag-3D complex restricts the replication of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie A16. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303108. [PMID: 37906052 PMCID: PMC10619577 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie A16 (CVA16) are two major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. However, the mechanisms regulating the replication and pathogenesis of EV71/CVA16 remain incompletely understood. We performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen and identified Ragulator as a mediator of EV71-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis. The Ragulator-Rag complex is required for EV71 and CVA16 replication. Upon infection, the Ragulator-Rag complex recruits viral 3D protein to the lysosomal surface through the interaction between 3D and RagB. Disruption of the lysosome-tethered Ragulator-Rag-3D complex significantly impairs the replication of EV71/CVA16. We discovered a novel EV71 inhibitor, ZHSI-1, which interacts with 3D and significantly reduces the lysosomal tethering of 3D. ZHSI-1 treatment significantly represses replication of EV71/CVA16 as well as virus-induced pyroptosis associated with viral pathogenesis. Importantly, ZHSI-1 treatment effectively protects against EV71 infection in neonatal and young mice. Thus, our study indicates that targeting lysosome-tethered Ragulator-Rag-3D may be an effective therapeutic strategy for HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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10
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Goul C, Peruzzo R, Zoncu R. The molecular basis of nutrient sensing and signalling by mTORC1 in metabolism regulation and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:857-875. [PMID: 37612414 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cellular metabolism. As part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR integrates signals such as the levels of nutrients, growth factors, energy sources and oxygen, and triggers responses that either boost anabolism or suppress catabolism. mTORC1 signalling has wide-ranging consequences for the growth and homeostasis of key tissues and organs, and its dysregulated activity promotes cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration and other age-related disorders. How mTORC1 integrates numerous upstream cues and translates them into specific downstream responses is an outstanding question with major implications for our understanding of physiology and disease mechanisms. In this Review, we discuss recent structural and functional insights into the molecular architecture of mTORC1 and its lysosomal partners, which have greatly increased our mechanistic understanding of nutrient-dependent mTORC1 regulation. We also discuss the emerging involvement of aberrant nutrient-mTORC1 signalling in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goul
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberta Peruzzo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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11
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Teixeira SC, Teixeira TL, Tavares PCB, Alves RN, da Silva AA, Borges BC, Martins FA, Dos Santos MA, de Castilhos P, E Silva Brígido RT, Notário AFO, Silveira ACA, da Silva CV. Subversion strategies of lysosomal killing by intracellular pathogens. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127503. [PMID: 37748260 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Many pathogenic organisms need to reach either an intracellular compartment or the cytoplasm of a target cell for their survival, replication or immune system evasion. Intracellular pathogens frequently penetrate into the cell through the endocytic and phagocytic pathways (clathrin-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis and macropinocytosis) that culminates in fusion with lysosomes. However, several mechanisms are triggered by pathogenic microorganisms - protozoan, bacteria, virus and fungus - to avoid destruction by lysosome fusion, such as rupture of the phagosome and thereby release into the cytoplasm, avoidance of autophagy, delaying in both phagolysosome biogenesis and phagosomal maturation and survival/replication inside the phagolysosome. Here we reviewed the main data dealing with phagosome maturation and evasion from lysosomal killing by different bacteria, protozoa, fungi and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaise Lara Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Alves da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cristina Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Flávia Alves Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Marlus Alves Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Castilhos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Takla M, Keshri S, Rubinsztein DC. The post-translational regulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in health and disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57574. [PMID: 37728021 PMCID: PMC10626434 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal exocytosis, and macro-autophagy. TFEB contributes to a wide range of physiological functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and innate and adaptive immunity. As such, TFEB is an essential component of cellular adaptation to stressors, ranging from nutrient deprivation to pathogenic invasion. The activity of TFEB depends on its subcellular localisation, turnover, and DNA-binding capacity, all of which are regulated at the post-translational level. Pathological states are characterised by a specific set of stressors, which elicit post-translational modifications that promote gain or loss of TFEB function in the affected tissue. In turn, the resulting increase or decrease in survival of the tissue in which TFEB is more or less active, respectively, may either benefit or harm the organism as a whole. In this way, the post-translational modifications of TFEB account for its otherwise paradoxical protective and deleterious effects on organismal fitness in diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. In this review, we describe how the intracellular environment characteristic of different diseases alters the post-translational modification profile of TFEB, enabling cellular adaptation to a particular pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Takla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Swati Keshri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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13
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Jurado M, Zorzano A, Castaño O. Cooperativity and oscillations: Regulatory mechanisms of K-Ras nanoclusters. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107455. [PMID: 37742420 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
K-Ras nanoclusters (NCs) concentrate all required molecules belonging to the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in a small area where signaling events take place, increasing efficiency and specificity of signaling. Such nanostructures are characterized by controlled sizes and lifetimes distributions, but there is a poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in their dynamics of growth/decay. Here, a minimum computational model is presented to analyze the behavior of K-Ras NCs as cooperative dynamic structures that self-regulate their growth and decay according to their size. Indeed, the proposed model reveals that the growth and the local production of a K-Ras nanocluster depend positively on its actual size, whilst its lifetime is inversely proportional to the root of its size. The cooperative binding between the structural constituents of the NC (K-Ras proteins) induces oscillations in the size distributions of K-Ras NCs allowing them to range within controlled values, regulating the growth/decay dynamics of these NCs. Thereby, the size of a K-Ras NC is proposed as a key factor to regulate cell signaling, opening a range of possibilities to develop strategies for use in chronic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jurado
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar Castaño
- Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Nanobioengineering and Biomaterials, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Tettoni SD, Egri SB, Doxsey DD, Veinotte K, Ouch C, Chang JY, Song K, Xu C, Shen K. Structure of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Gtr-Lam complex reveals evolutionary divergence of mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing. Structure 2023; 31:1065-1076.e5. [PMID: 37453417 PMCID: PMC10529327 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
mTORC1 is a protein kinase complex that controls cellular growth in response to nutrient availability. Amino acid signals are transmitted toward mTORC1 via the Rag/Gtr GTPases and their upstream regulators. An important regulator is LAMTOR, which localizes Rag/Gtr on the lysosomal/vacuole membrane. In human cells, LAMTOR consists of five subunits, but in yeast, only three or four. Currently, it is not known how variation of the subunit stoichiometry may affect its structural organization and biochemical properties. Here, we report a 3.1 Å-resolution structural model of the Gtr-Lam complex in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We found that SpGtr shares conserved architecture as HsRag, but the intersubunit communication that coordinates nucleotide loading on the two subunits differs. In contrast, SpLam contains distinctive structural features, but its GTP-specific GEF activity toward SpGtr is evolutionarily conserved. Our results revealed unique evolutionary paths of the protein components of the mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Tettoni
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shawn B Egri
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dylan D Doxsey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kristen Veinotte
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christna Ouch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jeng-Yih Chang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kangkang Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kuang Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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15
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Nůsková H, Cortizo FG, Schwenker LS, Sachsenheimer T, Diakonov EE, Tiebe M, Schneider M, Lohbeck J, Reid C, Kopp-Schneider A, Helm D, Brügger B, Miller AK, Teleman AA. Competition for cysteine acylation by C16:0 and C18:0 derived lipids is a global phenomenon in the proteome. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105088. [PMID: 37495107 PMCID: PMC10470219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
S-acylation is a reversible posttranslational protein modification consisting of attachment of a fatty acid to a cysteine via a thioester bond. Research over the last few years has shown that a variety of different fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearate (C18:0), or oleate (C18:1), are used in cells to S-acylate proteins. We recently showed that GNAI proteins can be acylated on a single residue, Cys3, with either C16:0 or C18:1, and that the relative proportion of acylation with these fatty acids depends on the level of the respective fatty acid in the cell's environment. This has functional consequences for GNAI proteins, with the identity of the acylating fatty acid affecting the subcellular localization of GNAIs. Unclear is whether this competitive acylation is specific to GNAI proteins or a more general phenomenon in the proteome. We perform here a proteome screen to identify proteins acylated with different fatty acids. We identify 218 proteins acylated with C16:0 and 308 proteins acylated with C18-lipids, thereby uncovering novel targets of acylation. We find that most proteins that can be acylated by C16:0 can also be acylated with C18-fatty acids. For proteins with more than one acylation site, we find that this competitive acylation occurs on each individual cysteine residue. This raises the possibility that the function of many different proteins can be regulated by the lipid environment via differential S-acylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Nůsková
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabiola Garcia Cortizo
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Sophie Schwenker
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Egor E Diakonov
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Tiebe
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Mass Spectrometry Based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lohbeck
- Research Group Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carissa Reid
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Dominic Helm
- Mass Spectrometry Based Protein Analysis Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aubry K Miller
- Research Group Cancer Drug Development, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurelio A Teleman
- Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Deliktas O, Gedik ME, Koc I, Gunaydin G, Kiratli H. Modulation of AMPK Significantly Alters Uveal Melanoma Tumor Cell Viability. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:1230-1244. [PMID: 37647867 PMCID: PMC10614466 DOI: 10.1159/000533806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uveal melanoma (UM) responds poorly to targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal serine/threonine protein kinase that coordinates vital processes such as cell growth. Targeting AMPK pathway, which represents a critical mechanism mediating the survival of UM cells, may prove to be a novel treatment strategy for UM. We aimed to demonstrate the effects of AMPK modulation on UM cells. METHODS In silico analyses were performed to compare UM and normal melanocyte cells via Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The effects of AMPK modulation on cell viability and proliferation in UM cell lines with different molecular profiles (i.e., 92-1, MP46, OMM2.5, and Mel270) were investigated via XTT cell viability and proliferation assays after treating the cells with varying concentrations of A-769662 (AMPK activator) or dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor). RESULTS KEGG/GSEA studies demonstrated that genes implicated in the AMPK signaling pathway were differentially regulated in UM. Gene sets comprising genes involved in AMPK signaling and genes involved in energy-dependent regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin by liver kinase B1-AMPK were downregulated in UM. We observed gradual decreases in the numbers of viable UM cells as the concentration of A-769662 treatment increased. All UM cells demonstrated statistically significant decreases in cell viability when treated with 200 µm A-769662. Moreover, the effects of AMPK inhibition on UM cells were potent, since low doses of dorsomorphin treatment resulted in significant decreases in viabilities of UM cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values confirmed the potency of dorsomorphin treatment against UM in vitro. CONCLUSION AMPK may act like a friend or a foe in cancer depending on the context. As such, the current study contributes to the literature in determining the effects of therapeutic strategies targeting AMPK in several UM cells. We propose a new perspective in the treatment of UM. Targeting AMPK pathway may open up new avenues in developing novel therapeutic approaches to improve overall survival in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Deliktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bursa City Hospital, Nilufer, Turkey
| | - M. Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Koc
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Zhang H, Bernaleau L, Delacrétaz M, Hasanovic E, Drobek A, Eibel H, Rebsamen M. SLC15A4 controls endolysosomal TLR7-9 responses by recruiting the innate immune adaptor TASL. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112916. [PMID: 37527038 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in immune responses to pathogens, while aberrant activation of these pathways is associated with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The endolysosomal solute carrier family 15 member 4 (SLC15A4) is required for TLR7/8/9-induced responses and disease development in SLE models. SLC15A4 has been proposed to affect TLR7-9 activation through its transport activity, as well as by assembling an IRF5-activating complex with TASL, but the relative contribution of these functions remains unclear. Here, we show that the essential role of SLC15A4 is to recruit TASL to endolysosomes, while its transport activity is dispensable when TASL is tethered to this compartment. Endolysosomal-localized TASL rescues TLR7-9-induced IRF5 activation as well as interferon β and cytokine production in SLC15A4-deficient cells. SLC15A4 acts as signaling scaffold, and this function is essential to control TLR7-9-mediated inflammatory responses. These findings support targeting the SLC15A4-TASL complex as a potential therapeutic strategy for SLE and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Léa Bernaleau
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Maeva Delacrétaz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ed Hasanovic
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ales Drobek
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuele Rebsamen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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18
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Hu JH, Li SY, Yu LH, Guan ZR, Jiang YP, Hu D, Wang HJ, Zhao LP, Zhou ZH, Yan YX, Xie T, Huang ZH, Lou JS. TFEB: a double-edged sword for tumor metastasis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:917-929. [PMID: 37328669 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor EB, a member of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MiTF/TFE) family, is a master regulator of autophagy, lysosome biogenesis, and TAMs. Metastasis is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor therapy. Studies on the relationship between TFEB and tumor metastasis are contradictory. On the positive side, TFEB mainly affects tumor cell metastasis via five aspects, including autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), lysosomal biogenesis, lipid metabolism, and oncogenic signaling pathways; on the negative side, TFEB mainly affects tumor cell metastasis in two aspects, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and EMT. In this review, we described the detailed mechanism of TFEB-mediated regulation of metastasis. In addition, we also described the activation and inactivation of TFEB in several aspects, including the mTORC1 and Rag GTPase systems, ERK2, and AKT. However, the exact process by which TFEB regulates tumor metastasis remains unclear in some pathways, which requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shou-Ye Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
- Zhejiang Eyoung Pharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311258, China
| | - Li-Hua Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zhen-Rong Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Ya-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Hao-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zhao-Huang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Ya-Xin Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
| | - Jian-Shu Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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19
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Tsujimoto K, Takamatsu H, Kumanogoh A. The Ragulator complex: delving its multifunctional impact on metabolism and beyond. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:28. [PMID: 37173755 PMCID: PMC10175929 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of lysosomes has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, from the view that they are static organelles primarily responsible for the disposal and recycling of cellular waste to their recognition as highly dynamic structures. Current research posits that lysosomes function as a signaling hub that integrates both extracellular and intracellular stimuli, thereby regulating cellular homeostasis. The dysregulation of lysosomal function has been linked to a wide range of diseases. Of note, lysosomes contribute to the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cellular metabolism. The Ragulator complex, a protein complex anchored on the lysosomal membrane, was initially shown to tether the mTORC1 complex to lysosomes. Recent research has substantially expanded our understanding of the roles of the Ragulator complex in lysosomes, including roles in the regulation of metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell migration, and the maintenance of homeostasis, via interactions with various proteins. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the diverse functions of the Ragulator complex, highlighting important protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Regulation of mTORC1 by the Rag GTPases. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:655-664. [PMID: 36929165 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The Rag GTPases are an evolutionarily conserved family that play a crucial role in amino acid sensing by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). mTORC1 is often referred to as the master regulator of cell growth. mTORC1 hyperactivation is observed in multiple diseases such as cancer, obesity, metabolic disorders, and neurodegeneration. The Rag GTPases sense amino acid levels and form heterodimers, where RagA or RagB binds to RagC or RagD, to recruit mTORC1 to the lysosome where it becomes activated. Here, we review amino acid signaling to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases.
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21
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Liebscher G, Vujic N, Schreiber R, Heine M, Krebiehl C, Duta-Mare M, Lamberti G, de Smet CH, Hess MW, Eichmann TO, Hölzl S, Scheja L, Heeren J, Kratky D, Huber LA. The lysosomal LAMTOR / Ragulator complex is essential for nutrient homeostasis in brown adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2023; 71:101705. [PMID: 36907508 PMCID: PMC10074977 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In brown adipose tissue (iBAT), the balance between lipid/glucose uptake and lipolysis is tightly regulated by insulin signaling. Downstream of the insulin receptor, PDK1 and mTORC2 phosphorylate AKT, which activates glucose uptake and lysosomal mTORC1 signaling. The latter requires the late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator (LAMTOR/Ragulator) complex, which serves to translate the nutrient status of the cell to the respective kinase. However, the role of LAMTOR in metabolically active iBAT has been elusive. METHODS Using an AdipoqCRE-transgenic mouse line, we deleted LAMTOR2 (and thereby the entire LAMTOR complex) in adipose tissue (LT2 AKO). To examine the metabolic consequences, we performed metabolic and biochemical studies in iBAT isolated from mice housed at different temperatures (30 °C, room temperature and 5 °C), after insulin treatment, or in fasted and refed condition. For mechanistic studies, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking LAMTOR 2 were analyzed. RESULTS Deletion of the LAMTOR complex in mouse adipocytes resulted in insulin-independent AKT hyperphosphorylation in iBAT, causing increased glucose and fatty acid uptake, which led to massively enlarged lipid droplets. As LAMTOR2 was essential for the upregulation of de novo lipogenesis, LAMTOR2 deficiency triggered exogenous glucose storage as glycogen in iBAT. These effects are cell autonomous, since AKT hyperphosphorylation was abrogated by PI3K inhibition or by deletion of the mTORC2 component Rictor in LAMTOR2-deficient MEFs. CONCLUSIONS We identified a homeostatic circuit for the maintenance of iBAT metabolism that links the LAMTOR-mTORC1 pathway to PI3K-mTORC2-AKT signaling downstream of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gudrun Liebscher
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujic
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Krebiehl
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madalina Duta-Mare
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giorgia Lamberti
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cedric H de Smet
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 59, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Hölzl
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstr. 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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22
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Prouteau M, Bourgoint C, Felix J, Bonadei L, Sadian Y, Gabus C, Savvides SN, Gutsche I, Desfosses A, Loewith R. EGOC inhibits TOROID polymerization by structurally activating TORC1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:273-285. [PMID: 36702972 PMCID: PMC10023571 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a protein kinase controlling cell homeostasis and growth in response to nutrients and stresses. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glucose depletion triggers a redistribution of TORC1 from a dispersed localization over the vacuole surface into a large, inactive condensate called TOROID (TORC1 organized in inhibited domains). However, the mechanisms governing this transition have been unclear. Here, we show that acute depletion and repletion of EGO complex (EGOC) activity is sufficient to control TOROID distribution, independently of other nutrient-signaling pathways. The 3.9-Å-resolution structure of TORC1 from TOROID cryo-EM data together with interrogation of key interactions in vivo provide structural insights into TORC1-TORC1' and TORC1-EGOC interaction interfaces. These data support a model in which glucose-dependent activation of EGOC triggers binding to TORC1 at an interface required for TOROID assembly, preventing TORC1 polymerization and promoting release of active TORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoël Prouteau
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Clélia Bourgoint
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jan Felix
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lenny Bonadei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yashar Sadian
- CryoGEnic facility (DCI Geneva), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Gabus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina Gutsche
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Ambroise Desfosses
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Robbie Loewith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Chemical Biology, Geneva, Switzerland.
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23
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Cui Z, Napolitano G, de Araujo MEG, Esposito A, Monfregola J, Huber LA, Ballabio A, Hurley JH. Structure of the lysosomal mTORC1-TFEB-Rag-Ragulator megacomplex. Nature 2023; 614:572-579. [PMID: 36697823 PMCID: PMC9931586 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor TFEB is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy1. The phosphorylation of TFEB by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)2-5 is unique in its mTORC1 substrate recruitment mechanism, which is strictly dependent on the amino acid-mediated activation of the RagC GTPase activating protein FLCN6,7. TFEB lacks the TOR signalling motif responsible for the recruitment of other mTORC1 substrates. We used cryogenic-electron microscopy to determine the structure of TFEB as presented to mTORC1 for phosphorylation, which we refer to as the 'megacomplex'. Two full Rag-Ragulator complexes present each molecule of TFEB to the mTOR active site. One Rag-Ragulator complex is bound to Raptor in the canonical mode seen previously in the absence of TFEB. A second Rag-Ragulator complex (non-canonical) docks onto the first through a RagC GDP-dependent contact with the second Ragulator complex. The non-canonical Rag dimer binds the first helix of TFEB with a RagCGDP-dependent aspartate clamp in the cleft between the Rag G domains. In cellulo mutation of the clamp drives TFEB constitutively into the nucleus while having no effect on mTORC1 localization. The remainder of the 108-amino acid TFEB docking domain winds around Raptor and then back to RagA. The double use of RagC GDP contacts in both Rag dimers explains the strong dependence of TFEB phosphorylation on FLCN and the RagC GDP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Cui
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jlenia Monfregola
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
- SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - James H Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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24
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Tsujimoto K, Jo T, Nagira D, Konaka H, Park JH, Yoshimura S, Ninomiya A, Sugihara F, Hirayama T, Itotagawa E, Matsuzaki Y, Takaichi Y, Aoki W, Saita S, Nakamura S, Ballabio A, Nada S, Okada M, Takamatsu H, Kumanogoh A. The lysosomal Ragulator complex activates NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo via HDAC6. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111389. [PMID: 36444797 PMCID: PMC9811619 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is spatiotemporally orchestrated by various organelles, but whether lysosomes contribute to this process remains unclear. Here, we show the vital role of the lysosomal membrane-tethered Ragulator complex in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Deficiency of Lamtor1, an essential component of the Ragulator complex, abrogated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine macrophages and human monocytic cells. Myeloid-specific Lamtor1-deficient mice showed marked attenuation of NLRP3-associated inflammatory disease severity, including LPS-induced sepsis, alum-induced peritonitis, and monosodium urate (MSU)-induced arthritis. Mechanistically, Lamtor1 interacted with both NLRP3 and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). HDAC6 enhances the interaction between Lamtor1 and NLRP3, resulting in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. DL-all-rac-α-tocopherol, a synthetic form of vitamin E, inhibited the Lamtor1-HDAC6 interaction, resulting in diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Further, DL-all-rac-α-tocopherol alleviated acute gouty arthritis and MSU-induced peritonitis. These results provide novel insights into the role of lysosomes in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by the Ragulator complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsujimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tatsunori Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Daiki Nagira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hachiro Konaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Department of Internal MedicineDaini Osaka Police HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Akinori Ninomiya
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takehiro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Eri Itotagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Yusei Matsuzaki
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Takaichi
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Wataru Aoki
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shotaro Saita
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Institute for Advanced Co‐Creation StudiesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), School for Advanced StudiesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Department of Immunopathology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- The Japan Science and Technology – Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JST–CREST)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTIR)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD)Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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25
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Caligaris M, Nicastro R, Hu Z, Tripodi F, Hummel JE, Pillet B, Deprez MA, Winderickx J, Rospert S, Coccetti P, Dengjel J, De Virgilio C. Snf1/AMPK fine-tunes TORC1 signaling in response to glucose starvation. eLife 2023; 12:84319. [PMID: 36749016 PMCID: PMC9937656 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) are central kinase modules of two opposing signaling pathways that control eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism in response to the availability of energy and nutrients. Accordingly, energy depletion activates AMPK to inhibit growth, while nutrients and high energy levels activate TORC1 to promote growth. Both in mammals and lower eukaryotes such as yeast, the AMPK and TORC1 pathways are wired to each other at different levels, which ensures homeostatic control of growth and metabolism. In this context, a previous study (Hughes Hallett et al., 2015) reported that AMPK in yeast, that is Snf1, prevents the transient TORC1 reactivation during the early phase following acute glucose starvation, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Using a combination of unbiased mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics, genetic, biochemical, and physiological experiments, we show here that Snf1 temporally maintains TORC1 inactive in glucose-starved cells primarily through the TORC1-regulatory protein Pib2. Our data, therefore, extend the function of Pib2 to a hub that integrates both glucose and, as reported earlier, glutamine signals to control TORC1. We further demonstrate that Snf1 phosphorylates the TORC1 effector kinase Sch9 within its N-terminal region and thereby antagonizes the phosphorylation of a C-terminal TORC1-target residue within Sch9 itself that is critical for its activity. The consequences of Snf1-mediated phosphorylation of Pib2 and Sch9 are physiologically additive and sufficient to explain the role of Snf1 in short-term inhibition of TORC1 in acutely glucose-starved cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caligaris
- Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | | | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Johannes Erwin Hummel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Benjamin Pillet
- Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Sabine Rospert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
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Hertel A, Alves LM, Dutz H, Tascher G, Bonn F, Kaulich M, Dikic I, Eimer S, Steinberg F, Bremm A. USP32-regulated LAMTOR1 ubiquitination impacts mTORC1 activation and autophagy induction. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111653. [PMID: 36476874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal-lysosomal system is a series of organelles in the endocytic pathway that executes trafficking and degradation of proteins and lipids and mediates the internalization of nutrients and growth factors to ensure cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Here, we reveal regulatory, non-proteolytic ubiquitin signals in this complex system that are controlled by the enigmatic deubiquitinase USP32. Knockout (KO) of USP32 in primary hTERT-RPE1 cells results among others in hyperubiquitination of the Ragulator complex subunit LAMTOR1. Accumulation of LAMTOR1 ubiquitination impairs its interaction with the vacuolar H+-ATPase, reduces Ragulator function, and ultimately limits mTORC1 recruitment. Consistently, in USP32 KO cells, less mTOR kinase localizes to lysosomes, mTORC1 activity is decreased, and autophagy is induced. Furthermore, we demonstrate that depletion of USP32 homolog CYK-3 in Caenorhabditis elegans results in mTOR inhibition and autophagy induction. In summary, we identify a control mechanism of the mTORC1 activation cascade at lysosomes via USP32-regulated LAMTOR1 ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hertel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ludovico Martins Alves
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henrik Dutz
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Bonn
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Eimer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Steinberg
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Bremm
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt - Medical Faculty, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Abstract
Mutations in LRRK2 are associated with Parkinson’s disease. We have recently shown that LRRK2 is recruited and activated on damaged lysosomes; however, the mechanism underlying this process remains unclear. Here, we observe that lysosomal positioning regulates the ability of LRRK2 to phosphorylate and recruit Rab10 but not Rab12 on lysosomes. pRab10 is present almost exclusively at perinuclear LRRK2+ lysosomes, which also regulates LYTL (lysosomal tubulation/sorting driven by LRRK2) by recruiting its effector, JIP4. Manipulation of lysosomal positioning by promoting anterograde transport reduces pRab10 and JIP4 on lysosomes, while induction of retrograde transport has the opposite effect. This finding provides insight into the mechanism of LRRK2-dependent lysosomal damage regulation and supports future study of the role of LRRK2 in lysosomal biology. Genetic variation at the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) locus contributes to an enhanced risk of familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Previous data have demonstrated that recruitment to various membranes of the endolysosomal system results in LRRK2 activation. However, the mechanism(s) underlying LRRK2 activation at endolysosomal membranes and the cellular consequences of these events are still poorly understood. Here, we directed LRRK2 to lysosomes and early endosomes, triggering both LRRK2 autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the direct LRRK2 substrates Rab10 and Rab12. However, when directed to the lysosomal membrane, pRab10 was restricted to perinuclear lysosomes, whereas pRab12 was visualized on both peripheral and perinuclear LRRK2+ lysosomes, suggesting that lysosomal positioning provides additional regulation of LRRK2-dependent Rab phosphorylation. Anterograde transport of lysosomes to the cell periphery by increasing the expression of ARL8B and SKIP or by knockdown of JIP4 blocked the recruitment and phosphorylation of Rab10 by LRRK2. The absence of pRab10 from the lysosomal membrane prevented the formation of a lysosomal tubulation and sorting process we previously named LYTL. Conversely, overexpression of RILP resulted in lysosomal clustering within the perinuclear area and increased LRRK2-dependent Rab10 recruitment and phosphorylation. The regulation of Rab10 phosphorylation in the perinuclear area depends on counteracting phosphatases, as the knockdown of phosphatase PPM1H significantly increased pRab10 signal and lysosomal tubulation in the perinuclear region. Our findings suggest that LRRK2 can be activated at multiple cellular membranes, including lysosomes, and that lysosomal positioning further provides the regulation of some Rab substrates likely via differential phosphatase activity or effector protein presence in nearby cellular compartments.
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Wu B, Wang Q, Li B, Jiang M. LAMTOR1 degrades MHC-II via the endocytic in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:1059-1070. [PMID: 36070764 PMCID: PMC9890926 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell surface antigen recognition is a major hallmark of cancer therapy, and loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) is the most common mechanism that impairs tumor cell surface antigen processing and expression. In addition to this, MHC-II regulates antigen presentation in CD4+ T cell immune responses involved in tumor killing by CD8+ T cells, whereas the regulation of endocytosis regulating MHC-II antigen presentation has not been reported. Therefore, the regulation of the endocytosis pathway on the expression of MHC-II surface level and antitumor T cell response remains to be explored. In this experiment, we found that LAMTOR1 regulates the endocytic pathway through the GTPase domain of DNM2 and triggers the formation of autophagosomes. We performed flow cytometry and western blotting analyses, which revealed that the expression of MHC-II molecules on the surface of cells is influenced by LAMTOR1 through the endocytic pathway. We showed that the expression of MHC-II molecules, which recognize CD4+ T cells on the surface of cells, was regulated by LAMTOR1 through an endocytic pathway. By coculture experiments, we showed that CD8+/CD4+ T cells exhibit substantially higher levels of tumor cell apoptosis than those observed when hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were cocultured with CD8+ T cells alone. This study revealed that LAMTOR1 decreases the expression levels of MHC-II on cell surfaces in order to reduce antigen expression, leading to a decrease in antitumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Oncological and Endoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Meixi Jiang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 13782206769; Fax: +86 02462255001;
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Kreis J, Camuto CM, Elsner CC, Vogel S, Vick P. FGF-mediated establishment of left-right asymmetry requires Rab7 function in the dorsal mesoderm in Xenopus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:981762. [PMID: 36105355 PMCID: PMC9465294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.981762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrulation denotes a very important developmental process, which includes significant structural tissue rearrangements and patterning events that shape the emerging vertebrate organism. At the end of gastrulation, the three body axes are spatially defined while the left-right axis still lacks any molecular or morphological polarity. In most vertebrates, this is established during neurulation by a symmetry breaking LR organizer. However, this mesoderm-derived structure depends on proper induction and specification of the mesoderm, which in turn requires involvement of several signaling pathways. Endocytosis and the endosomal machinery offer manifold platforms for intracellular pathway regulation, especially late endosomes claim increasing attention. The late endosomal regulator Rab7 has been linked to mesoderm specification during gastrulation. Distinct axial defects due to compromised dorsal mesoderm development in rab7-deficient Xenopus embryos suggested a requirement of Rab7 for FGF-dependent mesoderm patterning and LR asymmetry. Here we specifically addressed such a role of Rab7, demonstrating a functional requirement for LR organizer development and symmetry breakage. Using different FGF/MAPK pathway components we show that Rab7 participates in dorsal mesoderm patterning. We suggest a hierarchical classification of Rab7 upstream of MAPK-dependent mesoderm specification, most probably at the level of the small GTPase Ras. Thus, this study affords an insight on how the Rab7-regulated endosomal machinery could participate in signal transduction to enable correct mesoderm specification and left-right asymmetry.
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Tan A, Prasad R, Lee C, Jho EH. Past, present, and future perspectives of transcription factor EB (TFEB): mechanisms of regulation and association with disease. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1433-1449. [PMID: 35739255 PMCID: PMC9345944 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the MiT/TFE family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors, is an established central regulator of the autophagy/lysosomal-to-nucleus signaling pathway. Originally described as an oncogene, TFEB is now widely known as a regulator of various processes, such as energy homeostasis, stress response, metabolism, and autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis because of its extensive involvement in various signaling pathways, such as mTORC1, Wnt, calcium, and AKT signaling pathways. TFEB is also implicated in various human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we present an overview of the major advances in TFEB research over the past 30 years, since its description in 1990. This review also discusses the recently discovered regulatory mechanisms of TFEB and their implications for human diseases. We also summarize the moonlighting functions of TFEB and discuss future research directions and unanswered questions in the field. Overall, this review provides insight into our understanding of TFEB as a major molecular player in human health, which will take us one step closer to promoting TFEB from basic research into clinical and regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Tan
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerin Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Anderson J, Walker G, Pu J. BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for lysosomal cholesterol egress through NPC2. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar81. [PMID: 35653304 PMCID: PMC9582633 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0595-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes receive extracellular and intracellular cholesterol and redistribute it throughout the cell. Cholesterol egress from lysosomes is critical for cholesterol homeostasis, and its failure underlies the pathogenesis of genetic disorders such as Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease. Here we report that the BLOC one-related complex (BORC)-ARL8-homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) ensemble is required for egress of free cholesterol from lysosomes and for storage of esterified cholesterol in lipid droplets. Depletion of BORC, ARL8, or HOPS does not alter the localization of the lysosomal transmembrane cholesterol transporter NPC1 to degradative compartments but decreases the association of the luminal transporter NPC2 and increases NPC2 secretion. BORC-ARL8-HOPS depletion also increases lysosomal degradation of cation-independent (CI)-mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptor (MPR), which normally sorts NPC2 to the endosomal-lysosomal system and then is recycled to the trans-Golgi network. These defects likely result from impaired HOPS-dependent fusion of endosomal-lysosomal organelles and an uncharacterized function of HOPS in CI-MPR recycling. Our study demonstrates that the BORC-ARL8-HOPS ensemble is required for cholesterol egress from lysosomes by enabling CI-MPR-dependent trafficking of NPC2 to the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Anderson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Gerard Walker
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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32
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Liu JT, Yao QP, Chen Y, Lv F, Liu Z, Bao H, Han Y, Zhang ML, Jiang ZL, Qi YX. Arterial cyclic stretch regulates Lamtor1 and promotes neointimal hyperplasia via circSlc8a1/miR-20a-5p axis in vein grafts. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4851-4865. [PMID: 35836818 PMCID: PMC9274756 DOI: 10.7150/thno.69551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Neointimal hyperplasia caused by dedifferentiation and proliferation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is the major challenge for restenosis after coronary artery bypass graft. Herein, we investigated the role of Lamtor1 in neointimal formation and the regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA underlying this process. Methods: Using a "cuff" model, veins were grafted into arterial system and Lamtor1 expression which was correlated with the activation of mTORC1 signaling and dedifferentiation of SMCs, were measured by Western blot. Whole transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-seq) of the grafted veins combined with bioinformatic analysis identified highly conserved circSlc8a1 and its interaction with miR-20a-5p, which may target Lamtor1. CircSlc8a1 was biochemically characterized by Sanger sequencing and resistant to RNase R digestion. The cytoplasmic location of circSlc8a1 was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RNA pull-down, luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) with Ago2 assays were used to identify the interaction circSlc8a1 with miR-20a-5p. Furthermore, arterial mechanical stretch (10% elongation) was applied in vitro. Results:In vivo, Lamtor1 was significantly enhanced in grafted vein and activated mTORC1 signaling to promote dedifferentiation of SMCs. Arterial mechanical stretch (10% elongation) induced circSlc8a1 expression and positively regulated Lamtor1, activated mTORC1 and promoted SMC dedifferentiation and proliferation. Local injection of circSlc8a1 siRNA or SMC-specific Lamtor1 knockout mice prevented neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts in vivo. Conclusions: Our study reveals a novel mechanobiological mechanism underlying the dedifferentiation and proliferation of venous SMCs in neointimal hyperplasia. CircSlc81/miR-20a-5p/Lamtor1 axis induced by arterial cyclic stretch may be a potential clinical target that attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in grafted vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Ying-Xin Qi, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Zong-Lai Jiang, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Ming-Liang Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233 China. Tel.: +86-21-24058337, Fax: +86-21-24058337, E-mail:
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Ying-Xin Qi, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Zong-Lai Jiang, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Ming-Liang Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233 China. Tel.: +86-21-24058337, Fax: +86-21-24058337, E-mail:
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Ying-Xin Qi, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Zong-Lai Jiang, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Ming-Liang Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233 China. Tel.: +86-21-24058337, Fax: +86-21-24058337, E-mail:
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Qin Y, Ni P, Zhang Q, Wang X, Du X, Yin Z, Wang L, Ye L, Chen L. Hbxip is essential for murine embryogenesis and regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation through activating mTORC1. Development 2022; 149:275503. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
HBXIP, also named LAMTOR5, has been well characterized as a transcriptional co-activator in various cancers. However, the role of Hbxip in normal development remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that homozygous knockout of Hbxip leads to embryonic lethality, with retarded growth around E7.5, and that depletion of Hbxip compromises the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), with reduced expression of pluripotency genes, reduced cell proliferation and decreased colony-forming capacity. In addition, both Hbxip−/− ESCs and E7.5 embryos displayed defects in ectodermal and mesodermal differentiation. Mechanistically, Hbxip interacts with other components of the Ragulator complex, which is required for mTORC1 activation by amino acids. Importantly, ESCs depleted of Ragulator subunits, Lamtor3 or Lamtor4, displayed differentiation defects similar to those of Hbxip−/− ESCs. Moreover, Hbxip−/−, p14−/− and p18−/− mice, lacking subunits of the Ragulator complex, also shared similar phenotypes, embryonic lethality and retarded growth around E7-E8. Thus, we conclude that Hbxip plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of the epiblast, as well as the self-renewal and differentiation of ESCs, through activating mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Peiling Ni
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Qingye Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zixi Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lihong Ye
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Lingyi Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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Egri SB, Ouch C, Chou HT, Yu Z, Song K, Xu C, Shen K. Cryo-EM structures of the human GATOR1-Rag-Ragulator complex reveal a spatial-constraint regulated GAP mechanism. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1836-1849.e5. [PMID: 35338845 PMCID: PMC9133170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
mTORC1 controls cellular metabolic processes in response to nutrient availability. Amino acid signals are transmitted to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPases, which are localized on the lysosomal surface by the Ragulator complex. The Rag GTPases receive amino acid signals from multiple upstream regulators. One negative regulator, GATOR1, is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RagA. GATOR1 binds to the Rag GTPases via two modes: an inhibitory mode and a GAP mode. How these two binding interactions coordinate to process amino acid signals is unknown. Here, we resolved three cryo-EM structural models of the GATOR1-Rag-Ragulator complex, with the Rag-Ragulator subcomplex occupying the inhibitory site, the GAP site, and both binding sites simultaneously. When the Rag GTPases bind to GATOR1 at the GAP site, both Rag subunits contact GATOR1 to coordinate their nucleotide loading states. These results reveal a potential GAP mechanism of GATOR1 during the mTORC1 inactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn B Egri
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christna Ouch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hui-Ting Chou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Zhiheng Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kangkang Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kuang Shen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 373 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Roos NJ, Mancuso RV, Sanvee GM, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Imatinib disturbs lysosomal function and morphology and impairs the activity of mTORC1 in human hepatocyte cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112869. [PMID: 35182693 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib and lapatinib are associated with severe hepatotoxicity, whose mechanisms are currently under investigation. As amphiphilic drugs, imatinib and lapatinib enrich in lysosomes. In the present study, we investigated their effects on lysosomal morphology and function in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells and explored possible links between lysosomal dysfunction and hepatotoxicity. Both TKIs increased the lysosomal volume time and concentration-dependently in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. In HepG2 cells, lapatinib and imatinib raised the lysosomal pH and destabilized the lysosomal membrane, thereby impairing lysosomal proteolytic activity such as cathepsin B processing. Imatinib activated the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, as demonstrated by nuclear TFEB accumulation and increased expression of TFEB-target genes. Because of lysosomal dysfunction, imatinib impaired mTORC1 activation, a protein complex activated on the lysosomal surface, which explained TFEB activation. HepG2 cells treated with imatinib showed increased levels of MAP1LC3A/B-II and of ATG13 (S318) phosphorylation, indicating induction of autophagy due to TFEB activation. Finally, imatinib induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner, explained by lysosomal and mitochondrial toxicity. Our findings provide a new lysosome-centered mechanism for imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity that could be extended to other lysosomotropic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi Johanna Roos
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Vincenzo Mancuso
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerda Mawududzi Sanvee
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland; Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland.
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de Melo Madureira ÁN, de Oliveira JRS, de Menezes Lima VL. The Role of IL-6 Released During Exercise to Insulin Sensitivity and Muscle Hypertrophy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2419-2428. [PMID: 35264090 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309161245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) influences both inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory processes. This cytokine can be released by the exercising skeletal muscle, which characterizes it as a myokine. Unlike what is observed in inflammation, IL-6 produced by skeletal muscle is not preceded by the release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, but is seems to be dependent on the lactate produced during exercise, thus causing different effects from those of seen in inflammatory state. After binding to its receptor, myokine IL-6 activates the PI3K-Akt pathway. One consequence of this upregulation is the potentiation of insulin signaling, which enhances insulin sensitivity. IL-6 increases GLUT-4 vesicle mobilization to muscle cell periphery, increasing the glucose transport into the cell, and also glycogen synthesis. Muscle glycogen provides energy for the ATP resynthesis, and regulates Ca2+ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, influencing muscle contraction, and, hence, muscle function by multiple pathways. Another implication for the upregulation of PI3K-Akt pathway is the activation of mTORC1, which regulates mRNA translational efficiency by regulating translation machinery, and translational capacity by inducing ribosomal biogenesis. Thus, IL-6 may contribute for skeletal muscle hypertrophy and function by increasing contractile protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Nóbrega de Melo Madureira
- Laboratory of Lipids and Application of Biomolecules to Prevalent and Neglected Diseases (LAB-DPN), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE)
| | - João Ricardhis Saturnino de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Lipids and Application of Biomolecules to Prevalent and Neglected Diseases (LAB-DPN), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE)
| | - Vera Lúcia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratory of Lipids and Application of Biomolecules to Prevalent and Neglected Diseases (LAB-DPN), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE)
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Kimura T, Hayama Y, Okuzaki D, Nada S, Okada M. The Ragulator complex serves as a substrate-specific mTORC1 scaffold in regulating the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101744. [PMID: 35183507 PMCID: PMC8920921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is activated by intracellular nutritional sufficiency and extracellular growth signals. It has been reported that mTORC1 acts as a hub that integrates these inputs to orchestrate a number of cellular responses, including translation, nucleotide synthesis, lipid synthesis, and lysosome biogenesis. However, little is known about specific control of mTORC1 signaling downstream of this complex. Here, we demonstrate that Ragulator, a heteropentameric protein complex required for mTORC1 activation in response to amino acids, is critical for inhibiting the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). We established a unique RAW264.7 clone that lacked Ragulator but retained total mTORC1 activity. In a nutrition-sufficient state, the nuclear translocation of TFEB was markedly enhanced in the clone despite total mTORC1 kinase activity. In addition, as a cellular phenotype, the number of lysosomes was increased by tenfold in the Ragulator-deficient clone compared with that of control cells. These findings indicate that mTORC1 essentially requires the Ragulator complex for regulating the subcellular distribution of TFEB. Our findings also suggest that other scaffold proteins may be associated with mTORC1 for the specific regulation of downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Oncogene Research, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yoshitomo Hayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Rudnik S, Heybrock S, Saftig P, Damme M. S-palmitoylation determines TMEM55B-dependent positioning of lysosomes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258566. [PMID: 34350967 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal cellular distribution of lysosomes depends on active transport mainly driven by microtubule motors such as kinesins and dynein. Different protein complexes attach these molecular motors to their vesicular cargo. TMEM55B (also known as PIP4P1), as an integral lysosomal membrane protein, is a component of such a complex that mediates the retrograde transport of lysosomes by establishing interactions with the cytosolic scaffold protein JIP4 (also known as SPAG9) and dynein-dynactin. Here, we show that TMEM55B and its paralog TMEM55A (PIP4P2) are S-palmitoylated proteins that are lipidated at multiple cysteine residues. Mutation of all cysteines in TMEM55B prevents S-palmitoylation and causes retention of the mutated protein in the Golgi. Consequently, non-palmitoylated TMEM55B is no longer able to modulate lysosomal positioning and the perinuclear clustering of lysosomes. Additional mutagenesis of the dileucine-based lysosomal sorting motif in non-palmitoylated TMEM55B leads to partial missorting to the plasma membrane instead of retention in the Golgi, implicating a direct effect of S-palmitoylation on the adaptor protein-dependent sorting of TMEM55B. Our data suggest a critical role for S-palmitoylation in the trafficking of TMEM55B and TMEM55B-dependent lysosomal positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sönke Rudnik
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Saskia Heybrock
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Abstract
Cells can respond to starvation by up-regulating stress responses that promote the recycling or scavenging of essential nutrients. We identify a starvation response that allows cells to store the essential amino acid leucine within lysosomes when extracellular amino acids are scarce. This “storage” response allows cells to sequester an essential amino acid in support of protein synthesis. We find that numerous essential amino acids are trafficked through lysosomes even when extracellular concentrations are high, suggesting that constitutive flux through lysosomes is related to starvation-induced storage. Cells acquire essential nutrients from the environment and utilize adaptive mechanisms to survive when nutrients are scarce. How nutrients are trafficked and compartmentalized within cells and whether they are stored in response to stress remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate amino acid trafficking and uncover evidence for the lysosomal transit of numerous essential amino acids. We find that starvation induces the lysosomal retention of leucine in a manner requiring RAG-GTPases and the lysosomal protein complex Ragulator, but that this process occurs independently of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activity. We further find that stored leucine is utilized in protein synthesis and that inhibition of protein synthesis releases lysosomal stores. These findings identify a regulated starvation response that involves the lysosomal storage of leucine.
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Sun J, Liu Y, Hao X, Lin W, Su W, Chiang E, Baudry M, Bi X. LAMTOR1 inhibition of TRPML1‐dependent lysosomal calcium release regulates dendritic lysosome trafficking and hippocampal neuronal function. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108119. [PMID: 35099830 PMCID: PMC8886530 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes function not only as degradatory compartments but also as dynamic intracellular calcium ion stores. The transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel mediates lysosomal Ca2+ release, thereby participating in multiple cellular functions. The pentameric Ragulator complex, which plays a critical role in the activation of mTORC1, is also involved in lysosomal trafficking and is anchored to lysosomes through its LAMTOR1 subunit. Here, we report that the Ragulator restricts lysosomal trafficking in dendrites of hippocampal neurons via LAMTOR1‐mediated tonic inhibition of TRPML1 activity, independently of mTORC1. LAMTOR1 directly interacts with TRPML1 through its N‐terminal domain. Eliminating this inhibition in hippocampal neurons by LAMTOR1 deletion or by disrupting LAMTOR1‐TRPML1 binding increases TRPML1‐mediated Ca2+ release and facilitates dendritic lysosomal trafficking powered by dynein. LAMTOR1 deletion in the hippocampal CA1 region of adult mice results in alterations in synaptic plasticity, and in impaired object‐recognition memory and contextual fear conditioning, due to TRPML1 activation. Mechanistically, changes in synaptic plasticity are associated with increased GluA1 dephosphorylation by calcineurin and lysosomal degradation. Thus, LAMTOR1‐mediated inhibition of TRPML1 is critical for regulating dendritic lysosomal motility, synaptic plasticity, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Sun
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Weiju Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Wenyue Su
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Emerald Chiang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
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Sun Y, Guan Z, Sheng Q, Duan W, Zhao H, Zhou J, Deng Q, Pei X. N-myristoyltransferase-1 deficiency blocks myristoylation of LAMTOR1 and inhibits bladder cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2022; 529:126-138. [PMID: 34999170 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoyltransferase-1 (NMT1) catalyzes protein posttranslational myristoylation and functions as an oncogene in various cancers, although its roles in bladder cancer remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that NMT1 was obviously upregulated in bladder cancer and correlated with overall survival and poor prognosis. Elevation of NMT1 promotes cancer progression and inhibits autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we confirm that LAMTOR1 was myristoylated by NMT1 at Gly 2, resulting in increased LAMTOR1 protein stability and lysosomal localization. Importantly, B13, an inhibitor of NMT1 enzymatic activity, exerted its anti-tumor effects against bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings uncover a molecular mechanism of NMT1 in modulating bladder cancer progression and indicate that targeting NMT1 may represent a novel clinical intervention in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Zhenfeng Guan
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qiu Sheng
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Hospital of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wanli Duan
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Huacai Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinqi Pei
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068, Xi'an, PR China
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Küng CJ, Haykir B, Schnitzbauer U, Egli-Spichtig D, Hernando N, Wagner CA. Fibroblast growth factor 23 leads to endolysosomal routing of the renal phosphate cotransporters NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc in vivo. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F785-F798. [PMID: 34719948 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00250.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+-dependent phosphate cotransporters NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc, located at the brush-border membrane of renal proximal tubules, are regulated by numerous factors, including fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 downregulates NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc abundance after activating a signaling pathway involving phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (phospho-ERK1/2). FGF23 also downregulates expression of renal 1-α-hydroxylase (Cyp27b1) and upregulates 24-hydroxylase (Cyp24a1), thus reducing plasma calcitriol levels. Here, we examined the time course of FGF23-induced internalization of NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc and their intracellular pathway toward degradation in vivo. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant human (rh)FGF23 in the absence (biochemical analysis) or presence (immunohistochemistry) of leupeptin, an inhibitor of lysosomal proteases. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was enhanced 60 min after rhFGF23 administration, and increased phosphorylation was still detected 480 min after injection. Colocalization of phospho-ERK1/2 with NaPi-IIa was seen at 60 and 120 min and partly at 480 min. The abundance of both cotransporters was reduced 240 min after rhFGF23 administration, with a further reduction at 480 min. NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc were found to colocalize with clathrin and early endosomal antigen 1 as early as 120 min after rhFGF23 injection. Both cotransporters partially colocalized with cathepsin B and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1, markers of lysosomes, 120 min after rhFGF23 injection. Thus, NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc are internalized within 2 h upon rhFGF23 injection. Both cotransporters share the pathway of clathrin-mediated endocytosis that leads first to early endosomes, finally resulting in trafficking toward the lysosome as early as 120 min after rhFGF23 administration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) controls phosphate homeostasis by regulating renal phosphate excretion. FGF23 acts on several phosphate transporters in the kidney. Here, we define the time course of this action and demonstrate how phosphate transporters NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc are internalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina J Küng
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Betül Haykir
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Udo Schnitzbauer
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Egli-Spichtig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zurich, Switzerland
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Xu BW, Cheng ZQ, Zhi XT, Yang XM, Yan ZB. Effect of p18 on endothelial barrier function by mediating vascular endothelial Rab11a-VE-cadherin recycling. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2392-2403. [PMID: 34747973 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier integrity requires recycling of VE-cadherin to adherens junctions. Both p18 and Rab11a play significant roles in VE-cadherin recycling. However, the underlying mechanism and the role of p18 in activating Rab11a have yet to be elucidated. Performing in vitro and in vivo experiments, we showed that p18 protein bound to VE-cadherin before Rab11a through its VE-cadherin-binding domain (aa 1-39). Transendothelial resistance showed that overexpression of p18 promoted the circulation of VE-cadherin to adherens junctions and the recovery of the endothelial barrier. Silencing of p18 caused endothelial barrier dysfunction and prevented Rab11a-positive recycling endosome accumulation in the perinuclear recycling compartments. Furthermore, p18 knockdown in pulmonary microvessels markedly increased vascular leakage in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation puncture. This study showed that p18 regulated the pulmonary endothelial barrier function in vitro and in vivo by regulating the binding of Rab11a to VE-cadherin and the activation of Rab11a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu-Ting Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo college of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Calvo IA, Sharma S, Paulo JA, Gulka AO, Boeszoermenyi A, Zhang J, Lombana JM, Palmieri CM, Laviolette LA, Arthanari H, Iliopoulos O, Gygi SP, Motamedi M. The fission yeast FLCN/FNIP complex augments TORC1 repression or activation in response to amino acid (AA) availability. iScience 2021; 24:103338. [PMID: 34805795 PMCID: PMC8590082 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of Rapamycin complex1 (TORC1) senses and integrates several environmental signals, including amino acid (AA) availability, to regulate cell growth. Folliculin (FLCN) is a tumor suppressor (TS) protein in renal cell carcinoma, which paradoxically activates TORC1 in response to AA supplementation. Few tractable systems for modeling FLCN as a TS are available. Here, we characterize the FLCN-containing complex in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (called BFC) and show that BFC augments TORC1 repression and activation in response to AA starvation and supplementation, respectively. BFC co-immunoprecipitates V-ATPase, a TORC1 modulator, and regulates its activity in an AA-dependent manner. BFC genetic and proteomic networks identify the conserved peptide transmembrane transporter Ptr2 and the phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase Ade3 as new AA-dependent regulators of TORC1. Overall, these data ascribe an additional repressive function to Folliculin in TORC1 regulation and reveal S. pombe as an excellent system for modeling the AA-dependent, FLCN-mediated repression of TORC1 in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A. Calvo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander O.D. Gulka
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Andras Boeszoermenyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jose M. Lombana
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Christina M. Palmieri
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Laura A. Laviolette
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Haribabu Arthanari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mo Motamedi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Heidorn-Czarna M, Heidorn HM, Fernando S, Sanislav O, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Mutzel R, Fisher PR. Chronic Activation of AMPK Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Differential Phosphorylation and Abundance of Mitochondrial Proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111675. [PMID: 34769115 PMCID: PMC8584165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis is a highly controlled process that depends on diverse signalling pathways responding to cellular and environmental signals. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical metabolic enzyme that acts at a central control point in cellular energy homeostasis. Numerous studies have revealed the crucial roles of AMPK in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis; however, molecular mechanisms underlying this process are still largely unknown. Previously, we have shown that, in cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, the overexpression of the catalytic α subunit of AMPK led to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, which was accompanied by reduced cell growth and aberrant development. Here, we applied mass spectrometry-based proteomics of Dictyostelium mitochondria to determine the impact of chronically active AMPKα on the phosphorylation state and abundance of mitochondrial proteins and to identify potential protein targets leading to the biogenesis of mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with variations in the phosphorylation levels and abundance of proteins related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport, inner membrane biogenesis, and cellular signalling. The observed changes are accompanied by elevated mitochondrial respiratory activity in the AMPK overexpression strain. Our work is the first study reporting on the global phosphoproteome profiling of D. discoideum mitochondria and its changes as a response to constitutively active AMPK. We also propose an interplay between the AMPK and mTORC1 signalling pathways in controlling the cellular growth and biogenesis of mitochondria in Dictyostelium as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Heidorn-Czarna
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-62-73
| | - Herbert-Michael Heidorn
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Sanjanie Fernando
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Oana Sanislav
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Rupert Mutzel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (H.-M.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Paul R. Fisher
- Discipline of Microbiology, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; (S.F.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
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47
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Elaiophylin reduces body weight and lowers glucose levels in obese mice by activating AMPK. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:972. [PMID: 34671010 PMCID: PMC8528873 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic affecting 13% of the global population and increasing the risk of many chronic diseases. However, only several drugs are licensed for pharmacological intervention for the treatment of obesity. As a master regulator of metabolism, the therapeutic potential of AMPK is widely recognized and aggressively pursued for the treatment of metabolic diseases. We found that elaiophylin (Ela) rapidly activates AMPK in a panel of cancer-cell lines, as well as primary hepatocytes and adipocytes. Meanwhile, Ela inhibits the mTORC1 complex, turning on catabolism and turning off anabolism together with AMPK. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Ela does not activate AMPK directly, instead, it increases cellular AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, leading to AMPK phosphorylation in a LKB1-dependent manner. AMPK activation induced by Ela caused changes in diverse metabolic genes, thereby promoting glucose consumption and fatty acid oxidation. Importantly, Ela activates AMPK in mouse liver and adipose tissue. As a consequence, it reduces body weight and blood glucose levels and improves glucose and insulin tolerance in both ob/ob and high-fat diet-induced obese mouse models. Our study has identified a novel AMPK activator as a candidate drug for the treatment of obesity and its associated chronic diseases.
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Cattelani C, Lesiak D, Liebscher G, Singer II, Stasyk T, Wallnöfer MH, Heberle AM, Corti C, Hess MW, Pfaller K, Kwiatkowski M, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Thedieck K, Müller T, Huber LA, Eca Guimaraes de Araujo M. The SZT2 Interactome Unravels New Functions of the KICSTOR Complex. Cells 2021; 10:2711. [PMID: 34685691 PMCID: PMC8534408 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure threshold 2 (SZT2) is a component of the KICSTOR complex which, under catabolic conditions, functions as a negative regulator in the amino acid-sensing branch of mTORC1. Mutations in this gene cause a severe neurodevelopmental and epileptic encephalopathy whose main symptoms include epilepsy, intellectual disability, and macrocephaly. As SZT2 remains one of the least characterized regulators of mTORC1, in this work we performed a systematic interactome analysis under catabolic and anabolic conditions. Besides numerous mTORC1 and AMPK signaling components, we identified clusters of proteins related to autophagy, ciliogenesis regulation, neurogenesis, and neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, analysis of SZT2 ablated cells revealed increased mTORC1 signaling activation that could be reversed by Rapamycin or Torin treatments. Strikingly, SZT2 KO cells also exhibited higher levels of autophagic components, independent of the physiological conditions tested. These results are consistent with our interactome data, in which we detected an enriched pool of selective autophagy receptors/regulators. Moreover, preliminary analyses indicated that SZT2 alters ciliogenesis. Overall, the data presented form the basis to comprehensively investigate the physiological functions of SZT2 that could explain major molecular events in the pathophysiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in patients with SZT2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cattelani
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Dominik Lesiak
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Isabel I. Singer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Taras Stasyk
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Moritz H. Wallnöfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
| | - Alexander M. Heberle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corrado Corti
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Michael W. Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.W.H.); (K.P.)
| | - Kristian Pfaller
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.W.H.); (K.P.)
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Peter P. Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.P.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.H.); (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Lukas A. Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
- Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariana Eca Guimaraes de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.C.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (I.I.S.); (T.S.); (M.H.W.); (L.A.H.)
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Liu JT, Bao H, Fan YJ, Li ZT, Yao QP, Han Y, Zhang ML, Jiang ZL, Qi YX. Platelet-Derived Microvesicles Promote VSMC Dedifferentiation After Intimal Injury via Src/Lamtor1/mTORC1 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:744320. [PMID: 34604241 PMCID: PMC8481604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.744320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is important in vascular remodeling which causes hyperplasia and restenosis after intimal injury. Platelets are activated at injured intima and secrete platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs). Herein, we demonstrated the role of PMVs in VSMC phenotypic switch and the potential underlying mechanisms. In vivo, platelets were locally adhered and activated at intimal injury site, while Lamtor1 was promoted and VSMCs were dedifferentiated. PMVs, collected from collagen-activated platelets in vitro which mimicked collagen exposure during intimal injury, promoted VSMC dedifferentiation, induced Lamtor1 expression, and activated mTORC1 signaling, reflected by the phosphorylation of two downstream targets, i.e., S6K and 4E-BP1. Knockdown of Lamtor1 with small interfering RNA attenuated these processes induced by PMVs. Based on the previously published proteomic data, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that Src may participate in regulating effects of PMVs. Src inhibitor significantly reversed the effects of PMVs on VSMC dedifferentiation, Lamtor1 expression and mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, in SMC-specific Lamtor1 knockout mice, intimal hyperplasia was markedly attenuated after intimal injury compared with the wild type. Our data suggested that PMVs secreted by activated platelets promoted VSMC dedifferentiation via Src/Lamtor1/mTORC1 signaling pathway. Lamtor1 may be a potential therapeutic target for intimal hyperplasia after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Jing Fan
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Tong Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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50
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Hesaka A, Tsukamoto Y, Nada S, Kawamura M, Ichimaru N, Sakai S, Nakane M, Mita M, Okuzaki D, Okada M, Isaka Y, Kimura T. d-Serine Mediates Cellular Proliferation for Kidney Remodeling. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1611-1624. [PMID: 35372967 PMCID: PMC8785787 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000832021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background d-serine, a long-term undetected enantiomer of serine, is a biomarker that reflects kidney function and disease activity. The physiologic functions of d-serine are unclear. Methods The dynamics of d-serine were assessed by measuring d-serine in human samples of living kidney donors using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, and by autoradiographic studies in mice. The effects of d-serine on the kidney were examined by gene expression profiling and metabolic studies using unilateral nephrectomy mice, and genetically modified cells. Results Unilateral nephrectomy in human living kidney donors decreases urinary excretion and thus increases the blood level of d-serine. d-serine is quickly and dominantly distributed to the kidney on injection in mice, suggesting the kidney is a main target organ. Treatment of d-serine at a low dose promotes the enlargement of remnant kidney in mouse model. Mechanistically, d-serine activates the cell cycle for tissue remodeling through an mTOR-related pathway. Conclusions d-serine is a physiologic molecule that promotes kidney remodeling. Besides its function as a biomarker, d-serine has a physiologic activity that influences kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hesaka
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Tsukamoto
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | | | - Naotsugu Ichimaru
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinsuke Sakai
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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