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Crain AT, Butler MB, Hill CA, Huynh M, McGinty RK, Duronio RJ. Drosophila melanogaster Set8 and L(3)mbt function in gene expression independently of histone H4 lysine 20 methylation. Genes Dev 2024; 38:455-472. [PMID: 38866557 PMCID: PMC11216177 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351698.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Monomethylation of lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20me1) is catalyzed by Set8 and thought to play important roles in many aspects of genome function that are mediated by H4K20me binding proteins. We interrogated this model in a developing animal by comparing in parallel the transcriptomes of Set8 null , H4 K20R/A , and l(3)mbt mutant Drosophila melanogaster We found that the gene expression profiles of H4 K20A and H4 K20R larvae are markedly different than Set8 null larvae despite similar reductions in H4K20me1. Set8 null mutant cells have a severely disrupted transcriptome and fail to proliferate in vivo, but these phenotypes are not recapitulated by mutation of H4 K20 , indicating that the developmental defects of Set8 null animals are largely due to H4K20me1-independent effects on gene expression. Furthermore, the H4K20me1 binding protein L(3)mbt is recruited to the transcription start sites of most genes independently of H4K20me even though genes bound by L(3)mbt have high levels of H4K20me1. Moreover, both Set8 and L(3)mbt bind to purified H4K20R nucleosomes in vitro. We conclude that gene expression changes in Set8 null and H4 K20 mutants cannot be explained by loss of H4K20me1 or L(3)mbt binding to chromatin and therefore that H4K20me1 does not play a large role in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Crain
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
| | - Megan B Butler
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
| | - Christina A Hill
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
| | - Mai Huynh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
| | - Robert K McGinty
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
| | - Robert J Duronio
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA;
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA
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2
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Crain AT, Butler MB, Hill CA, Huynh M, McGinty RK, Duronio RJ. Drosophila melanogaster Set8 and L(3)mbt function in gene expression independently of histone H4 lysine 20 methylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584710. [PMID: 38559189 PMCID: PMC10980064 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mono-methylation of Lysine 20 of histone H4 (H4K20me1) is catalyzed by Set8 and thought to play important roles in many aspects of genome function that are mediated by H4K20me-binding proteins. We interrogated this model in a developing animal by comparing in parallel the transcriptomes of Set8 null , H4 K20R/A , and l(3)mbt mutant Drosophila melanogaster . We found that the gene expression profiles of H4 K20A and H4 K20R larvae are markedly different than Set8 null larvae despite similar reductions in H4K20me1. Set8 null mutant cells have a severely disrupted transcriptome and fail to proliferate in vivo , but these phenotypes are not recapitulated by mutation of H4 K20 indicating that the developmental defects of Set8 null animals are largely due to H4K20me1-independent effects on gene expression. Further, the H4K20me1 binding protein L(3)mbt is recruited to the transcription start sites of most genes independently of H4K20me even though genes bound by L(3)mbt have high levels of H4K20me1. Moreover, both Set8 and L(3)mbt bind to purified H4K20R nucleosomes in vitro. We conclude that gene expression changes in Set8 null and H4 K20 mutants cannot be explained by loss of H4K20me1 or L(3)mbt binding to chromatin, and therefore that H4K20me1 does not play a large role in gene expression.
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3
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Faghihkhorasani F, Fakhr SS, Baei FJ, Khorasani FF, Zare MM, Far NP, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Ren J, Reiter RJ, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Chen C, Ertas YN, Lu Q. Harnessing function of EMT in cancer drug resistance: a metastasis regulator determines chemotherapy response. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:457-479. [PMID: 38227149 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complicated molecular process that governs cellular shape and function changes throughout tissue development and embryogenesis. In addition, EMT contributes to the development and spread of tumors. Expanding and degrading the surrounding microenvironment, cells undergoing EMT move away from the main location. On the basis of the expression of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), collagen, and smooth muscle actin (-SMA), the mesenchymal phenotype exhibited in fibroblasts is crucial for promoting EMT. While EMT is not entirely reliant on its regulators like ZEB1/2, Twist, and Snail proteins, investigation of upstream signaling (like EGF, TGF-β, Wnt) is required to get a more thorough understanding of tumor EMT. Throughout numerous cancers, connections between tumor epithelial and fibroblast cells that influence tumor growth have been found. The significance of cellular crosstalk stems from the fact that these events affect therapeutic response and disease prognosis. This study examines how classical EMT signals emanating from various cancer cells interfere to tumor metastasis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Science and Biotechnology, Campus Hamar, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | | | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Zare
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Pazhouhesh Far
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Translational Medicine Group, Xsphera Biosciences, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Türkiye.
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
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4
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Varisli L, Vlahopoulos S. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2173. [PMID: 38396852 PMCID: PMC10889420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a metabolic process that confers phenotypic flexibility to cells and the ability to adapt to new functions. This transition is critical during embryogenesis and is required for the differentiation of many tissues and organs. EMT can also be induced in advanced-stage cancers, leading to further malignant behavior and chemotherapy resistance, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis for patients. Although EMT was long considered and studied only in solid tumors, it has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, including acute leukemias. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that EMT promotes the progression of acute leukemias, leading to the emergence of a more aggressive phenotype of the disease, and also causes chemotherapy resistance. The current literature suggests that the levels and activities of EMT inducers and markers can be used to predict prognosis, and that targeting EMT in addition to conventional therapies may increase treatment success in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokman Varisli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Nagasaka M, Inoue Y, Nagao Y, Miyajima C, Morishita D, Aoki H, Aoyama M, Imamura T, Hayashi H. SET8 is a novel negative regulator of TGF-β signaling in a methylation-independent manner. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22877. [PMID: 38129484 PMCID: PMC10739863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that induces a diverse set of cellular processes principally through Smad-dependent transcription. Transcriptional responses induced by Smads are tightly regulated by Smad cofactors and histone modifications; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. We herein report lysine methyltransferase SET8 as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. SET8 physically associates with Smad2/3 and negatively affects transcriptional activation by TGF-β in a catalytic activity-independent manner. The depletion of SET8 results in an increase in TGF-β-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and p21 expression and enhances the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β. Mechanistically, SET8 occupies the PAI-1 and p21 promoters, and a treatment with TGF-β triggers the replacement of the suppressive binding of SET8 with p300 on these promoters, possibly to promote gene transcription. Collectively, the present results reveal a novel role for SET8 in the negative regulation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagasaka
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Yuji Nagao
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyajima
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Xu Y, Park SH, Gye MC. Head dysgenesis and disruption of cranial neural crest stem cells behaviour by 4-octylphenol in fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122697. [PMID: 37804908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkylphenolic endocrine disruptors (Eds) have been known to affect development of the descendants of multipotent neural crest cells (NCCs) in amphibian embryos. To unravel the mechanism of head dysgenesis induced by alkylphenols in amphibians, the effect of 4-octylphenol (OP) on the differentiation of cranial NCCs in developing embryos and tadpoles, ex vivo NC explant, and isolated NCCs was examined in fire-bellied toad Bombina orientalis with 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 μM concentrations. Following OP treatment, head cartilages were frequently absent together with the decreased col2a1 mRNA level in tadpoles. While the lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation were significantly increased in stage 22 neulurae and heads of stage 45 tadpoles. In stage 22 neulurae, OP decreased sox9 mRNA, the master transcription factor for chondrogenic differentiation and increased undifferentiated NCC markers. The ectopic NCCs were found in endoderm while mesodermal SOX10(+) cells were decreased. In cranial NCCs isolated from stage 22 embryos, OP treatment decreased cellular survival and increased apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration. In chondrogenic induced cranial NC explants, OP treatment decreased SOX9(+) chondrocytes and cartilage development. Together, OP potentiated oxidative damage, apoptosis, EMT, and ectopic migration of NCCs. Considering that tissue differentiation requires stem cells to activate the molecular mechanism of differentiation at the correct location during embryonic development, these changes caused by OP may inhibit sox9-dependent chondrogenic differentiation of cranial NCCs, leading to head dysgenesis in B. orientalis embryos. Therefore, developing multipotent NCCs could be an important target of OP, provides new direction for the estimation of the risk of EDs exposure in human and wildlife animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Su CC, Yu CC, Shih YW, Liu KL, Chen HW, Wu CC, Yang YC, Yeh EL, Li CC. Protective Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis and Apoptotic Cell Death. Nutrients 2023; 15:4992. [PMID: 38068849 PMCID: PMC10708481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer ranks sixth among Taiwan's top 10 cancers and most patients with poor prognosis acquire metastases. The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been found to diminish many cancer properties. However, the anti-cancer activity of ALA in oral cancer has yet to be determined. We examined the mechanisms underlying ALA inhibition of metastasis and induction of apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Migration and invasion assays confirmed the cancer cells' EMT capabilities, whereas flow cytometry and Western blotting identified molecular pathways in OSCC. ALA dramatically reduced cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner according to the findings. Low concentrations of ALA (100 or 200 μM) inhibit colony formation, the expression of Twist and EMT-related proteins, the expression of MMP2/-9 proteins, and enzyme activity, as well as cell migration and invasion. Treatment with high concentrations of ALA (200 or 400 μM) greatly increases JNK phosphorylation and c-jun nuclear accumulation and then upregulates the FasL/caspase8/caspase3 and Bid/cytochrome c/caspase9/caspase3 pathways, leading to cell death. Low concentrations of ALA inhibit SAS and GNM cell migration and invasion by suppressing Twist and downregulating EMT-related proteins or by decreasing the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2/-9, whereas high concentrations of ALA promote apoptosis by activating the JNK/FasL/caspase 8/caspase 3-extrinsic pathway and the Bid/cytochrome c/caspase 9 pathway. ALA demonstrates potential as a treatment for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Shih
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40678, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - En-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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8
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Gupta V, Ben-Mahmoud A, Ku B, Velayutham D, Jan Z, Yousef Aden A, Kubbar A, Alshaban F, Stanton LW, Jithesh PV, Layman LC, Kim HG. Identification of two novel autism genes, TRPC4 and SCFD2, in Qatar simplex families through exome sequencing. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1251884. [PMID: 38025430 PMCID: PMC10644705 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1251884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the genetic underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a Middle Eastern cohort in Qatar using exome sequencing. The study identified six candidate autism genes in independent simplex families, including both four known and two novel autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive genes associated with ASD. The variants consisted primarily of de novo and homozygous missense and splice variants. Multiple individuals displayed more than one candidate variant, suggesting the potential involvement of digenic or oligogenic models. These variants were absent in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) and exhibited extremely low frequencies in the local control population dataset. Two novel autism genes, TRPC4 and SCFD2, were discovered in two Qatari autism individuals. Furthermore, the D651A substitution in CLCN3 and the splice acceptor variant in DHX30 were identified as likely deleterious mutations. Protein modeling was utilized to evaluate the potential impact of three missense variants in DEAF1, CLCN3, and SCFD2 on their respective structures and functions, which strongly supported the pathogenic natures of these variants. The presence of multiple de novo mutations across trios underscored the significant contribution of de novo mutations to the genetic etiology of ASD. Functional assays and further investigations are necessary to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified genes and determine their significance in ASD. Overall, this study sheds light on the genetic factors underlying ASD in Qatar and highlights the importance of considering diverse populations in ASD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Velayutham
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Zainab Jan
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdi Yousef Aden
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmad Kubbar
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad Alshaban
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Puthen Veettil Jithesh
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Lawrence C. Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorder Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Qatar Foundation, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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9
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Xio Y, Zhou L, Andl T, Zhang Y. YAP1 controls the N-cadherin-mediated tumor-stroma interaction in melanoma progression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2944243. [PMID: 37546745 PMCID: PMC10402251 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2944243/v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for melanoma cells to escape keratinocyte control, invade underlying dermal tissues, and metastasize to distant organs. The hallmark of EMT is the switch from epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) to neural cadherin (N-cadherin), allowing melanoma cells to form a homotypic N-cadherin-mediated adhesion with stromal fibroblasts. However, how "cadherin switching" is initiated, maintained, and regulated in melanoma remains unknown. Here, we show that upon Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) ablation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the progression of a BRAF-mutant mouse melanoma was significantly suppressed in vivo, and overexpressing YAP1 in CAFs accelerated melanoma growth. CAFs require the YAP1 function to proliferate, migrate, remodel the cytoskeletal machinery and matrix, and promote cancer cell invasion. By RNA-Seq, N-cadherin was identified as a major downstream effector of YAP1 signaling in CAFs. YAP1 silencing led to N-cadherin downregulation in CAFs, which subsequently induced the downregulation of N-cadherin in neighboring melanoma cells. N-cadherin downregulation inhibited the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in melanoma cells and suppressed melanoma growth in vivo, supporting the role of N-cadherin as an adhesive and signaling molecule in melanoma cells. This finding suggests that YAP1 depletion in CAFs induces the downregulation of p-AKT signaling in melanoma cells through the N-cadherin-mediated interaction between melanoma cells and CAFs. Importantly, our data underscore that CAFs can regulate N-cadherin-mediated interactions with melanoma cells. Thus, disentangling cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions can potentially disrupt tumor-stroma interactions and reverse the tumor cell invasive phenotype.
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10
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Alebady ZAH, Azizyan M, Nakjang S, Lishman-Walker E, Al-Kharaif D, Walker S, Choo HX, Garnham R, Scott E, Johnson KL, Robson CN, Coffey K. CDC20 Is Regulated by the Histone Methyltransferase, KMT5A, in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3597. [PMID: 37509260 PMCID: PMC10377584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyltransferase KMT5A has been proposed as an oncogene in prostate cancer and therefore represents a putative therapeutic target. To confirm this hypothesis, we have performed a microarray study on a prostate cancer cell line model of androgen independence following KMT5A knockdown in the presence of the transcriptionally active androgen receptor (AR) to understand which genes and cellular processes are regulated by KMT5A in the presence of an active AR. We observed that 301 genes were down-regulated whilst 408 were up-regulated when KMT5A expression was reduced. KEGG pathway and gene ontology analysis revealed that apoptosis and DNA damage signalling were up-regulated in response to KMT5A knockdown whilst protein folding and RNA splicing were down-regulated. Under these conditions, the top non-AR regulated gene was found to be CDC20, a key regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint with an oncogenic role in several cancer types. Further investigation revealed that KMT5A regulates CDC20 in a methyltransferase-dependent manner to modulate histone H4K20 methylation within its promoter region and indirectly via the p53 signalling pathway. A positive correlation between KMT5A and CDC20 expression was also observed in clinical prostate cancer samples, further supporting this association. Therefore, we conclude that KMT5A is a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer and CDC20 could potentially be utilised as a biomarker for effective therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab A H Alebady
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of AL-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniya 58002, Iraq
| | - Mahsa Azizyan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Lishman-Walker
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dhuha Al-Kharaif
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training, Safat 13092, Kuwait
| | - Scott Walker
- School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hui Xian Choo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Scott
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Katya L Johnson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kelly Coffey
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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11
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Sample RA, Nogueira MF, Mitra RD, Puram SV. Epigenetic regulation of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal cell states in cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2237-2248. [PMID: 37344626 PMCID: PMC10578205 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal phenotypes. In cancer, EMT is thought to drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent efforts to understand EMT biology have uncovered that cells undergoing EMT attain a spectrum of intermediate "hybrid E/M" states, which exist along an epithelial-mesenchymal continuum. Here, we summarize recent studies characterizing the epigenetic drivers of hybrid E/M states. We focus on the histone-modification writers, erasers, and readers that assist or oppose the canonical hybrid E/M transcription factors that modulate hybrid E/M state transitions. We also examine the role of chromatin remodelers and DNA methylation in hybrid E/M states. Finally, we highlight the challenges of targeting hybrid E/M pharmacologically, and we propose future directions that might reveal the specific and targetable mechanisms by which hybrid E/M drives metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly A Sample
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina F Nogueira
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Wang X, Cao C, Tan X, Liao X, Du X, Wang X, Liu T, Gong D, Hu Z, Tian X. SETD8, a frequently mutated gene in cervical cancer, enhances cisplatin sensitivity by impairing DNA repair. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:107. [PMID: 37308924 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is commonly used to treat cervical cancer while drug resistance limits its effectiveness. There is an urgent need to identify strategies that increase cisplatin sensitivity and improve the outcomes of chemotherapy. RESULTS We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of 156 cervical cancer tissues to assess genomic features related to platinum-based chemoresistance. By using WES, we identified a frequently mutated locus SETD8 (7%), which was associated with drug sensitivity. Cell functional assays, in vivo xenografts tumor growth experiments, and survival analysis were used to investigate the functional significance and mechanism of chemosensitization after SETD8 downregulation. Knockdown of SETD8 increased the responsiveness of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. The mechanism is exerted by reduced binding of 53BP1 to DNA breaks and inhibition of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway. In addition, SETD8 expression was positively correlated with resistance to cisplatin and negatively associated with the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Further, UNC0379 as a small molecule inhibitor of SETD8 was found to enhance cisplatin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SETD8 was a promising therapeutic target to ameliorate cisplatin resistance and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Xiangyu Tan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xueyao Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Xiaofang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Danni Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician Expert Workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, China.
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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13
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Manzar N, Ganguly P, Khan UK, Ateeq B. Transcription networks rewire gene repertoire to coordinate cellular reprograming in prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:76-91. [PMID: 36702449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) represent the most commonly deregulated DNA-binding class of proteins associated with multiple human cancers. They can act as transcriptional activators or repressors that rewire the cistrome, resulting in cellular reprogramming during cancer progression. Deregulation of TFs is associated with the onset and maintenance of various cancer types including prostate cancer. An emerging subset of TFs has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the role of key TFs which modulate transcriptional cicuitries involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We further highlight the role of TFs associated with key cancer hallmarks, including, chromatin remodeling, genome instability, DNA repair, invasion, and metastasis. We also discuss the pluripotent function of TFs in conferring lineage plasticity, that aids in disease progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. At the end, we summarize the current understanding and approaches employed for the therapeutic targeting of TFs and their cofactors in the clinical setups to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Manzar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Promit Ganguly
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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14
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The PRMT5-LSD1 axis confers Slug dual transcriptional activities and promotes breast cancer progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:191. [PMID: 35655230 PMCID: PMC9164399 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Downregulation of epithelial markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers are the characteristics of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which provides the metastatic advantage of breast cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the switch of EMT markers remains poorly understood. Methods In this study, we used the affinity purification and mass spectrometry coupled approach to identify the interactome of Slug. CoIP, GST-pulldown, ChIP, Re-ChIP, qPCR and Immunoblot were used to investigate the underlying mechanism of Slug-PRMT5-LSD1 complex. The role of PRMT5 and LSD1 in breast cancer progression was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Results Here we found that the transcription factor Slug associates with PRMT5 and LSD1 in a complex and facilitates the breast cancer invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, PRMT5 and LSD1 work with Slug to exert dual transcriptional activities to inhibit E-cadherin expression by PRMT5-catalyzed H4R3me2s and LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K4me2 on the E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter, and activate vimentin (VIM) expression via PRMT5-driven H3R2me2s and LSD1-mediated removal of H3K9me2. Importantly, PRMT5 and LSD1 are coordinately expressed in breast cancer patients and pharmacologic perturbation of both PRMT5 and LSD1 shows a synergetic effect on the inhibition of breast tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Conclusions Our study suggests that PRMT5 and LSD1 function as a dual epigenetic modifier to promote Slug induced EMT program, suggesting that the inhibition of PRMT5 and LSD1 presents a potential therapeutic strategy against cancer metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02400-7.
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15
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. E-Cadherin Expression in Relation to Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214383. [PMID: 36430858 PMCID: PMC9695266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that loss/reduction of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells promotes their migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also an indicator of cancer cells' aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess how the expression of E-cadherin varies in primary ovarian cancer tissue in regard to overall survival of patients; FIGO stage; grade; histopathological type of tumor; and potential factors discriminating malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors. Our analysis was based on literature research (1 January 2000-8 November 2021) conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Most studies support the assumption that loss/reduced expression of E-cadherin results in shorter overall survival of EOC patients. Moreover, most research has shown that there is a correlation between the low level of E-cadherin and the advancement stage of disease, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma type. However, E-cadherin expression seems to not be helpful to distinguish malignant and nonmalignant tumors. In conclusion, reduced E-cadherin expression in primary ovarian cancer tissue may indicate a less favorable disease outcome and is associated with high advancement of the disease.
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16
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Feng J, Meng X. Histone modification and histone modification-targeted anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer: Fundamentals and beyond. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946811. [PMID: 36188615 PMCID: PMC9522521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated epigenetic enzymes and resultant abnormal epigenetic modifications (EMs) have been suggested to be closely related to tumor occurrence and progression. Histone modifications (HMs) can assist in maintaining genome stability, DNA repair, transcription, and chromatin modulation within breast cancer (BC) cells. In addition, HMs are reversible, dynamic processes involving the associations of different enzymes with molecular compounds. Abnormal HMs (e.g. histone methylation and histone acetylation) have been identified to be tightly related to BC occurrence and development, even though their underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. EMs are reversible, and as a result, epigenetic enzymes have aroused wide attention as anti-tumor therapeutic targets. At present, treatments to restore aberrant EMs within BC cells have entered preclinical or clinical trials. In addition, no existing studies have comprehensively analyzed aberrant HMs within BC cells; in addition, HM-targeting BC treatments remain to be further investigated. Histone and non-histone protein methylation is becoming an attractive anti-tumor epigenetic therapeutic target; such methylation-related enzyme inhibitors are under development at present. Consequently, the present work focuses on summarizing relevant studies on HMs related to BC and the possible mechanisms associated with abnormal HMs. Additionally, we also aim to analyze existing therapeutic agents together with those drugs approved and tested through pre-clinical and clinical trials, to assess their roles in HMs. Moreover, epi-drugs that target HMT inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors should be tested in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of BC. Epi-drugs that target histone methylation (HMT inhibitors) and histone acetylation (HDAC inhibitors) have now entered clinical trials or are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, the review covers the difficulties in applying HM-targeting treatments in clinics and proposes feasible approaches for overcoming such difficulties and promoting their use in treating BC cases.
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17
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Huang Y, Hong W, Wei X. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of EMT in tumor progression and metastasis. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:129. [PMID: 36076302 PMCID: PMC9461252 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential process in normal embryonic development and tissue regeneration. However, aberrant reactivation of EMT is associated with malignant properties of tumor cells during cancer progression and metastasis, including promoted migration and invasiveness, increased tumor stemness, and enhanced resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. EMT is tightly regulated by a complex network which is orchestrated with several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including multiple transcription factors, post-translational control, epigenetic modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulation. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and the stages of tumorigenesis involved in the EMT process and discussed the dynamic non-binary process of EMT and its role in tumor metastasis. Finally, we summarized the challenges of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in EMT and proposed strategies for tumor therapy targeting EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Huang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Raei M, Bagheri M, Aghaabdollahian S, Ghorbani M, Sadeghi A. Ionizing Radiation Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype and Stem Cell Marker in The Lung adenocarcinoma: In Vitro and Bioinformatic Studiesc. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:522-530. [PMID: 36274205 PMCID: PMC9588160 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the major therapeutic approaches in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it can paradoxically result in cancer progression likely through promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the cancer stem cell phenotype. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether IR promote EMT/CSC and to investigate the clinical relevance of EMT/CSC hallmark genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental and bioinformatic study, A549 cell line was irradiated with a high dosage (6 Gy) or a fractionated regimen (2 Gy/day for 15 fractions). The EMT-related features, including cellular morphology, migratory and invasive capacities were evaluated using scratch assay and transwell migration/invasion assays. The mRNA levels of EMT-related genes (CDH1, CDH2, SNAI1 and TWIST1), stemness-related markers (CD44, PROM1, and ALDH1A1) and the CDH2/CDH1 ratio were evaluated via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The clinical significance of these genes was assessed in the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples using online databases. RESULTS Irradiation resulted in a dramatic elongation of cell shape and enhanced invasion and migration capabilities. These EMT-like alterations were accompanied with enhanced levels of SNAI1, CDH2, TWIST1, CD44, PROM1, and ALDH1A1 as well as an enhanced CDH2/CDH1 ratio. TCGA analysis revealed that, TWIST1, CDH1, PROM1 and CDH2 were upregulated; whereas, CD44, SNAI1 and ALDH1A1 were downregulated. Additionally, correlations between SNAI1-TWIST1, CDH2- TWIST1, CDH2-SNAI1, and ALDH1A1-PROM1 was positive. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis identified lower expression of CDH1, PROM1 and ALDH1A1 and increased expression of CDH2, SNAI1, and TWIST1 as well as CDH2/CDH1 ratio predict overall survival. Additionally, downregulation of ALDH1A1 and upregulation of CDH2, SNAI1 and CTWIST1 could predict a shorter first progression. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings demonstrated that IR promotes EMT phenotype and stem cell markers in A549 cell line and these genes could function as diagnostic or prognostic indicators in LUAD samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bagheri
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safieh Aghaabdollahian
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 19395-5487Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Afshin Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Downregulation of PTCD1 in Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma Predicts Poor Prognosis and Levels of Immune Infiltration. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1146186. [PMID: 35799606 PMCID: PMC9256401 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1146186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) was reported to regulate mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. However, the effect and mechanism of PTCD1 in the development of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) remain unclear. The databases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) were used to analyze the expression changes, clinical features, and prognostic values of PTCD1. A nomogram was built to predict the prognostic outcomes of BLCA cases. The potential genes interacting with PTCD1 were explored by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The estimation of associations between PTCD1 and tumor mutations, tumor immunities, and m6A methylations was performed. The study found that the gradual decrease of PTCD1 expression was observed with the increase of stage and grade. Low PTCD1 expression was greatly correlated with higher pathological stage, N stage, and poor prognosis in TCGA cohorts; interestingly, low-grade BLCA cases all exhibited high expression of PTCD1. HPA database analysis implied that the expression of PTCD1 protein in BLCA was lower than that in normal bladder tissue, and the protein expression of PTCD1 in high-grade BLCA was lower than that in low-grade BLCA. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PTCD1 may serve as an independent factor influencing prognosis of BLCA. Mechanistically, PTCD1 played a regulatory role in BLCA progression through multiple tumor-related pathways containing PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, and extracellular matrix organization. WGCNA reported that PTCD1 had a strong positive correlation with POLR2J, ZNHT1, ATP5MF, PDAP1, BUD31, and COPS6. Besides, the mRNA expression of PTCD1 was negatively associated with immune cells' infiltrations, immune functions, and checkpoints, especially with some m6A methylation regulators in BLCA. In sum, downregulation of PTCD1 expression may be involved in the development of BLCA and remarkably correlated with poor prognosis. Meantime, it showed an influence in immune cell infiltration and may serve as an agreeable prognostic indicator in BLCA.
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20
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Yang X, Qin C, Zhao B, Li T, Wang Y, Li Z, Li T, Wang W. Long Noncoding RNA and Circular RNA: Two Rising Stars in Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910678. [PMID: 35719940 PMCID: PMC9204003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with especially poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic oncogenesis and malignant progression are not fully elucidated. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is important to drive pancreatic carcinogenesis. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs(circRNAs) have been characterized to participate in EMT in PDAC, which can affect the migration and invasion of tumor cells by playing important roles in epigenetic processes, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation. LncRNAs can act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) to sequester target microRNAs(miRNAs), bind to the genes which localize physically nearby, and directly interact with EMT-related proteins. Currently known circRNAs mostly regulate the EMT process in PDAC also by acting as a miRNA sponge, directly affecting the protein degradation process. Therefore, exploring the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in EMT during pancreatic cancer might help pancreatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeru Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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21
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Crain AT, Klusza S, Armstrong RL, Santa Rosa P, Temple BRS, Strahl BD, McKay DJ, Matera AG, Duronio RJ. Distinct developmental phenotypes result from mutation of Set8/KMT5A and histone H4 lysine 20 in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac054. [PMID: 35404465 PMCID: PMC9157153 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mono-methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) is catalyzed by Set8/KMT5A and regulates numerous aspects of genome organization and function. Loss-of-function mutations in Drosophila melanogaster Set8 or mammalian KMT5A prevent H4K20me1 and disrupt development. Set8/KMT5A also has non-histone substrates, making it difficult to determine which developmental functions of Set8/KMT5A are attributable to H4K20me1 and which to other substrates or to non-catalytic roles. Here, we show that human KMT5A can functionally substitute for Set8 during Drosophila development and that the catalytic SET domains of the two enzymes are fully interchangeable. We also uncovered a role in eye development for the N-terminal domain of Set8 that cannot be complemented by human KMT5A. Whereas Set820/20 null mutants are inviable, we found that an R634G mutation in Set8 predicted from in vitro experiments to ablate catalytic activity resulted in viable adults. Additionally, Set8(R634G) mutants retain significant, albeit reduced, H4K20me1, indicating that the R634G mutation does not eliminate catalytic activity in vivo and is functionally hypomorphic rather than null. Flies engineered to express only unmodifiable H4 histones (H4K20A) can also complete development, but are phenotypically distinct from H4K20R, Set820/20 null, and Set8R634G mutants. Taken together, our results demonstrate functional conservation of KMT5A and Set8 enzymes, as well as distinct roles for Set8 and H4K20me1 in Drosophila development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Crain
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Stephen Klusza
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Robin L Armstrong
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | | | - Brenda R S Temple
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Daniel J McKay
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - A Gregory Matera
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Robert J Duronio
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
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22
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Huang Z, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Liu L, Huang C. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: The history, regulatory mechanism, and cancer therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e144. [PMID: 35601657 PMCID: PMC9115588 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a program wherein epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity while acquiring mesenchymal properties and invasive ability. Originally defined as an embryogenesis event, EMT has been recognized as a crucial process in tumor progression. During EMT, cell–cell junctions and cell–matrix attachments are disrupted, and the cytoskeleton is remodeled to enhance mobility of cells. This transition of phenotype is largely driven by a group of key transcription factors, typically Snail, Twist, and ZEB, through epigenetic repression of epithelial markers, transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinases, and reorganization of cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, EMT is orchestrated by multiple pathways, especially those involved in embryogenesis such as TGFβ, Wnt, Hedgehog, and Hippo, suggesting EMT as an intrinsic link between embryonic development and cancer progression. In addition, redox signaling has also emerged as critical EMT modulator. EMT confers cancer cells with increased metastatic potential and drug resistant capacity, which accounts for tumor recurrence in most clinic cases. Thus, targeting EMT can be a therapeutic option providing a chance of cure for cancer patients. Here, we introduce a brief history of EMT and summarize recent advances in understanding EMT mechanisms, as well as highlighting the therapeutic opportunities by targeting EMT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University Ningbo China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu 610041 China
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23
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Shi L, Huang L, Long H, Song A, Zhou Z. Structural basis of nucleosomal H4K20 methylation by methyltransferase SET8. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22338. [PMID: 35532550 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101821r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone H4 lysine 20 monomethylation (H4K20me1) plays a crucial role in multiple processes including DNA damage repair, DNA replication, and cell cycle control. Histone methyltransferase SET8 (previously named PR-Set7/KMT5A) mediates the chromatin deposition of H4K20me1, but how SET8 recognizes and modifies H4 in the context of the nucleosome is not fully understood. Here, we developed a simple chemical modification approach for H4K20 substitution by using the lysine analog S-ethyl-L-cysteine (Ecx). Substitution of H4K20 with H4Ecx20 improves the stability of the SET8-nucleosome complex, allowing us to determine the cryo-EM structure at 3.2 Å resolution. Structural analyses show that SET8 directly interacts with the H4 tail and the H2A-H2B acidic patch to ensure nucleosome binding. SET8 residues R339, K341, K351 make contact with nucleosomal DNA at the super helical location 2 (SHL2). Substitution of SET8 DNA-binding residues with alanines decreases the SET8-nucleosome interaction and impairs the methyltransferase activity. Disrupting the binding between SET8 R192 and H2A-H2B acidic patch decreases the cellular level of H4K20me1. Together, these results reveal a near-atomic resolution structure of SET8-bound nucleosome and provide insights into the SET8-mediated H4K20 recognition and modification. The lysine-to-Ecx substitution approach can be applied to the study of other methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxin Shi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haizhen Long
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aoqun Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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24
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Yu B, Su J, Shi Q, Liu Q, Ma J, Ru G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Hu X, Tang J. KMT5A-methylated SNIP1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis by activating YAP signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2192. [PMID: 35449131 PMCID: PMC9023492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smad nuclear-interacting protein 1 (SNIP1) is a transcription repressor related to the TGF-β signaling pathway and associates with c-MYC, a key regulator of cell proliferation and tumor development. Currently, the mechanism by which SNIP1 regulates tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis is unknown. Here, we identify that SNIP1 is a non-histone substrate of lysine methyltransferase KMT5A, which undergoes KMT5A-mediated mono-methylation to promote breast cancer cell growth, invasion and lung metastasis. Mechanistically, we show KMT5A-mediated K301 methylation of SNIP1 represents a sensing signal to release histone acetyltransferase KAT2A and promotes the interaction of c-MYC and KAT2A, and the recruitment of c-MYC/KAT2A complex to promoter of c-MYC targets. This event ultimately inhibits the Hippo kinase cascade to enhance triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis by transcriptionally activating MARK4. Co-inhibition of KMT5A catalytic activity and YAP in TNBC xenograft-bearing animals attenuates breast cancer metastasis and increases survival. Collectively, this study presents an KMT5A methylation-dependent regulatory mechanism governing oncogenic function of SNIP1. SNIP1 methylation initiates its oncogenic functions. Here, the authors show that SNIP1 is methylated by KMT5A and this leads to downstream signalling that activates the YAP pathway, resulting in tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Ru
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People' s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. .,Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Jianming Tang
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.
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25
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Feoli A, Viviano M, Cipriano A, Milite C, Castellano S, Sbardella G. Lysine methyltransferase inhibitors: where we are now. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:359-406. [PMID: 35441141 PMCID: PMC8985178 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00196e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases constitute a large family of epigenetic writers that catalyse the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosyl-l-methionine to histone- and non-histone-specific substrates. Alterations in the expression and activity of these proteins have been linked to the genesis and progress of several diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and growing defects, hence they represent interesting targets for new therapeutic approaches. Over the past two decades, the identification of modulators of lysine methyltransferases has increased tremendously, clarifying the role of these proteins in different physio-pathological states. The aim of this review is to furnish an updated outlook about the protein lysine methyltransferases disclosed modulators, reporting their potency, their mechanism of action and their eventual use in clinical and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Feoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Alessandra Cipriano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy +39-089-96-9602 +39-089-96-9770
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26
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Li X, Lu L, Hou W, Wang F, Huang T, Meng Z, Zhu M. The SETD8/ELK1/bach1 complex regulates hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 35351142 PMCID: PMC8961497 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes, induces kidney failure. Previous research showed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) is involved in the progression of DN. Moreover, SET domain-containing protein 8 (SETD8), ETS-domain containing protein (ELK1) and BTB and CNC homology 1 (bach1) all participate in endothelial injury. In this study, we hypothesize that the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis is involved in mediating EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qPCR were performed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of genes in HGECs and the kidney tissues of participants and rats. Immunofluorescence, Co-IP and GST pulldown assays were performed to verify the direct interaction between SETD8 and ELK1. ChIP and dual-luciferase assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of bach1 and Snail. AVV-SETD8 injection in rat kidney was used to verify the potential protective effect of SETD8 on DN. Results Our current study showed that hyperglycaemia triggered EndMT by increasing Snail expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high glucose increased bach1 expression in HGECs, positively regulating Snail and EndMT. As a transcription factor, ELK1 was augmented and participated in hyperglycaemia-induced EndMT via modulation of bach1 expression. Moreover, ELK1 was found to associate with SETD8. Furthermore, SETD8 negatively regulated EndMT by cooperating with bach1 to regulate Snail transcription. Furthermore, histone H4-Lys-20 monomethylation (H4K20me1), which is downstream of SETD8, was accompanied by ELK1 localization at the same promoter region of bach1. ELK1 overexpression enhanced bach1 promoter activity, which disappeared after specific binding site deletion. Mutual inhibition between ELK1 and SETD8 was found in HGECs. In vivo, SETD8 overexpression decreased ELK1 and bach1 expression, as well as EndMT. Moreover, SETD8 overexpression improved the renal function of rats with DN. Conclusions SETD8 cooperates with ELK1 to regulate bach1 transcription, thus participating in the progression of DN. In addition, SETD8 interacts with bach1 to modulate Snail transcription, thus inducing EndMT in DN. SETD8 plays a core role in the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis, which participates in hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in DN, and SETD8 may be a potential therapeutic target for DN. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Xu L, Zhang L, Sun J, Hu X, Kalvakolanu DV, Ren H, Guo B. Roles for the methyltransferase SETD8 in DNA damage repair. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:34. [PMID: 35246238 PMCID: PMC8897848 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic posttranslational modifications are critical for fine-tuning gene expression in various biological processes. SETD8 is so far the only known lysyl methyltransferase in mammalian cells to produce mono-methylation of histone H4 at lysine 20 (H4K20me1), a prerequisite for di- and tri-methylation. Importantly, SETD8 is related to a number of cellular activities, impinging upon tissue development, senescence and tumorigenesis. The double-strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic DNA damages with deleterious consequences, such as genomic instability and cancer origin, if unrepaired. The homology-directed repair and canonical nonhomologous end-joining are two most prominent DSB repair pathways evolved to eliminate such aberrations. Emerging evidence implies that SETD8 and its corresponding H4K20 methylation are relevant to establishment of DSB repair pathway choice. Understanding how SETD8 functions in DSB repair pathway choice will shed light on the molecular basis of SETD8-deficiency related disorders and will be valuable for the development of new treatments. In this review, we discuss the progress made to date in roles for the lysine mono-methyltransferase SETD8 in DNA damage repair and its therapeutic relevance, in particular illuminating its involvement in establishment of DSB repair pathway choice, which is crucial for the timely elimination of DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xu
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xindan Hu
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Hong L, Li N, Gasque V, Mehta S, Ye L, Wu Y, Li J, Gewies A, Ruland J, Hirschi KK, Eichmann A, Hendry C, van Dijk D, Mani A. Prdm6 controls heart development by regulating neural crest cell differentiation and migration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:156046. [PMID: 35108221 PMCID: PMC8876496 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that drive the acquisition of distinct neural crest cell (NCC) fates is still poorly understood. Here, we identified Prdm6 as an epigenetic modifier that temporally and spatially regulates the expression of NCC specifiers and determines the fate of a subset of migrating cardiac NCCs (CNCCs). Using transcriptomic analysis and genetic and fate mapping approaches in transgenic mice, we showed that disruption of Prdm6 was associated with impaired CNCC differentiation, delamination, and migration and led to patent ductus arteriosus (DA) and ventricular noncompaction. Bulk and single-cell RNA-Seq analyses of the DA and CNCCs identified Prdm6 as a regulator of a network of CNCC specification genes, including Wnt1, Tfap2b, and Sox9. Loss of Prdm6 in CNCCs diminished its expression in the pre-epithelial–mesenchymal transition (pre-EMT) cluster, resulting in the retention of NCCs in the dorsal neural tube. This defect was associated with diminished H4K20 monomethylation and G1-S progression and augmented Wnt1 transcript levels in pre-EMT and neural tube clusters, which we showed was the major driver of the impaired CNCC migration. Altogether, these findings revealed Prdm6 as a key regulator of CNCC differentiation and migration and identified Prdm6 and its regulated network as potential targets for the treatment of congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Hong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Na Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Victor Gasque
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Sameet Mehta
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Lupeng Ye
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Yinyu Wu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Jinyu Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | | | | | - Karen K Hirschi
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States of America
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Caroline Hendry
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Arya Mani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
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29
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The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition at the Crossroads between Metabolism and Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020800. [PMID: 35054987 PMCID: PMC8776206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype is emerging as a key determinant of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. It is a plastic process in which epithelial cells first acquire the ability to invade the extracellular matrix and migrate into the bloodstream via transdifferentiation into mesenchymal cells, a phenomenon known as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and then reacquire the epithelial phenotype, the reverse process called mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET), to colonize a new organ. During all metastatic stages, metabolic changes, which give cancer cells the ability to adapt to increased energy demand and to withstand a hostile new environment, are also important determinants of successful cancer progression. In this review, we describe the complex interaction between EMT and metabolism during tumor progression. First, we outline the main connections between the two processes, with particular emphasis on the role of cancer stem cells and LncRNAs. Then, we focus on some specific cancers, such as breast, lung, and thyroid cancer.
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30
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Cao YC, Shan SK, Guo B, Li CC, Li FXZ, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Wang Y, Lei LM, Tang KX, Ou-Yang WL, Duan JY, Wu YY, Ullah MHE, Zhou ZA, Xu F, Lin X, Wu F, Liao XB, Yuan LQ. Histone Lysine Methylation Modification and Its Role in Vascular Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863708. [PMID: 35784574 PMCID: PMC9243330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is an epigenetic change mediated by histone methyltransferase, and has been connected to the beginning and progression of several diseases. The most common ailments that affect the elderly are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. They are the leading causes of death, and their incidence is linked to vascular calcification (VC). The key mechanism of VC is the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like phenotypes, which is a highly adjustable process involving a variety of complex pathophysiological processes, such as metabolic abnormalities, apoptosis, oxidative stress and signalling pathways. Many researchers have investigated the mechanism of VC and related targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Their findings revealed that histone lysine methylation modification may play a key role in the various stages of VC. As a result, a thorough examination of the role and mechanism of lysine methylation modification in physiological and pathological states is critical, not only for identifying specific molecular markers of VC and new therapeutic targets, but also for directing the development of new related drugs. Finally, we provide this review to discover the association between histone methylation modification and VC, as well as diverse approaches with which to investigate the pathophysiology of VC and prospective treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Chi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
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Liu M, Shi Y, Hu Q, Qin Y, Ji S, Liu W, Zhuo Q, Fan G, Ye Z, Song C, Yu X, Xu X, Xu W. SETD8 induces stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating ROR1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1614-1624. [PMID: 34599596 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly diseases, and its incidence is increasing year by year. The methyltransferase SETD8 has been demonstrated to play an important role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. However, little is known about whether SETD8 could affect the invasion and metastasis of PC and the mechanism underlying the regulation. Based on our previous report, here, we further found that SETD8 could promote the invasion and migration of PC cells by inducing the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1). ROR1 was predominantly upregulated in PC tissues and was correlated with lymph node metastasis and worse prognosis. Mechanistically, SETD8 mediated ROR1 activity and regulated PC cells invasion and migration, although promoting the expression of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related molecules. This promotion effect disappeared when the catalytically inactive mutant SETD8 was overexpressed, which could be counteracted by the SETD8-specific methyltransferase inhibitor UNC0379. Collectively, our results demonstrate that SETD8 may be a novel prognostic factor and a therapeutic target of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihua Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changfeng Song
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
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32
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Abdulla N, Vincent CT, Kaur M. Mechanistic Insights Delineating the Role of Cholesterol in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728325. [PMID: 34869315 PMCID: PMC8640133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements made in targeted anti-cancer therapy, drug resistance constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon leading to therapy failure and ultimately mortality. Emerging experimental evidence highlight a role of cholesterol metabolism in facilitating drug resistance in cancer. This review aims to describe the role of cholesterol in facilitating multi-drug resistance in cancer. We focus on specific signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance and the link between these pathways and cholesterol. Additionally, we briefly discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the documented link between EMT, metastasis and drug resistance. We illustrate this by specifically focusing on hypoxia and the role it plays in influencing cellular cholesterol content following EMT induction. Finally, we provide a proposed model delineating the crucial role of cholesterol in EMT and discuss whether targeting cholesterol could serve as a novel means of combatting drug resistance in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaziyah Abdulla
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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33
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Bai Y, Cheng M, Jin J, Zhang H, He L, Zhou W, Zhang S, Xu J. SET8, a novel regulator to ameliorate vascular calcification via activating PI3K/Akt mediated anti-apoptotic effects. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 100:104-114. [PMID: 34846946 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) underlies the mechanism of pathological calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). SET domain-containing protein 8 (SET8) is an efficient protein that modulates apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, esophageal squamous cells, and neuronal cells by regulating pathological processes, such as cell cycle progression and transcription regulation. However, whether SET8 is involved in high phosphorus-induced vascular calcification by mediating apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we report that SET8 is located both in the nucleus and cytoplasm and is significantly downregulated in calcification models. SET8 deficiency promoted apoptosis of VSMCs, as indicated by the increased Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/total caspase-3 ratios. Mechanistically, the PI3K/Akt pathway was mediated by SET8, and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by administering LY294002 or transfecting the Akt phosphorylation-inactivated mutation plasmid increased apoptosis and calcification. Akt phosphorylation constitutively activated mutations can reduce the apoptosis and calcification of VSMCs. Furthermore, exogenous overexpression of SET8 reversed the effect of PI3K/Akt inhibition on VSMC apoptosis and calcification. In summary, our research suggests that SET8 overexpression ameliorates high phosphorus-induced calcification of VSMCs by activating PI3K/Akt mediated anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Bai
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Cheng
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Jin
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Huiran Zhang
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Lei He
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Shenglei Zhang
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.,Hebei Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Calcification in Kidney Disease, Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
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34
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Guillade L, Mora P, Villar P, Alvarez R, R de Lera A. Total synthesis of nahuoic acid A via a putative biogenetic intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15157-15169. [PMID: 34909158 PMCID: PMC8612404 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the biogenetic proposal of an intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition, the total synthesis of natural product nahuoic acid A, a cofactor-competitive inhibitor of the epigenetic enzyme lysine methyl transferase SETD8, has been carried out. A non-conjugated pentaenal precursor was synthesized with high levels of stereoselectivity at seven stereogenic centers and with the appropriate control of double bond geometries. Although the IMDA reaction of the non-conjugated pentaenal using Me2AlCl for catalysis at −40 °C selectively afforded the trans-fused diastereomer corresponding to the Re-endo mode of cycloaddition, under thermal reaction conditions it gave rise to a mixture of diastereomers, that preferentially formed through the exo mode, including the cis-fused angularly-methylated octahydronaphthalene diastereomer precursor of nahuoic acid A. The natural product could be obtained upon oxidation and overall deprotection of the hydroxyl groups present in the Si-exo IMDA diastereomer. The total synthesis of natural product nahuoic acid A, a cofactor-competitive inhibitor of the epigenetic enzyme lysine methyl transferase SETD8, has been carried out based on the biogenetic proposal of an intramolecular Diels–Alder (IMDA) cycloaddition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Guillade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO, IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Paula Mora
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO, IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Pedro Villar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO, IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Rosana Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO, IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO, IIS Galicia Sur, Universidade de Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain
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35
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Lu L, Li X, Zhong Z, Zhou W, Zhou D, Zhu M, Miao C. KMT5A downregulation participated in High Glucose-mediated EndMT via Upregulation of ENO1 Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4093-4107. [PMID: 34803485 PMCID: PMC8579450 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the common and principal microvascular complication of diabetes that could lead to end-stage renal disease. It was reported endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomeruli plays an important role in DN. Enolase1 (ENO1) and Lysine Methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) were found to modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some situations. In the present study, we speculated KMT5A regulates ENO1 transcript, thus participating in hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in glomeruli of DN. Our study represented vimentin, αSMA and ENO1 expression elevated, and CD31 expression decreased in glomeruli of DN participants and rats. In vitro, high glucose induced EndMT by increase of ENO1 levels. Moreover, high glucose downregulated KMT5A levels and increased regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) levels. KMT5A upregulation or si-RFX1 decreased high glucose-induced ENO1 expression and EndMT. RFX1 overexpression- or sh-KMT5A-induced EndMT was attenuated by si-ENO1. Further, the association between KMT5A and RFX1 was verified. Furthermore, histone H4 lysine20 methylation (the direct target of KMT5A) and RFX1 positioned on ENO1 promoter region. sh-KMT5A enhanced positive action of RFX1 on ENO1 promoter activity. KMT5A reduction and RFX1 upregulation were verified in glomeruli of DN patients and rats. KMT5A associated with RFX1 to modulate ENO1, thus involved in hyperglycemia-mediated EndMT in glomeruli of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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36
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Li W, Wu H, Sui S, Wang Q, Xu S, Pang D. Targeting Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer: A Precise Weapon on the Way. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736935. [PMID: 34595180 PMCID: PMC8476812 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications (HMs) contribute to maintaining genomic stability, transcription, DNA repair, and modulating chromatin in cancer cells. Furthermore, HMs are dynamic and reversible processes that involve interactions between numerous enzymes and molecular components. Aberrant HMs are strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer (BC), although the specific mechanisms are not completely understood. Moreover, there is no comprehensive overview of abnormal HMs in BC, and BC therapies that target HMs are still in their infancy. Therefore, this review summarizes the existing evidence regarding HMs that are involved in BC and the potential mechanisms that are related to aberrant HMs. Moreover, this review examines the currently available agents and approved drugs that have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to evaluate their effects on HMs. Finally, this review covers the barriers to the clinical application of therapies that target HMs, and possible strategies that could help overcome these barriers and accelerate the use of these therapies to cure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyao Sui
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Harbin Medical University Third Hospital: Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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37
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Chen P, Zhu H, Mao Y, Zhuo M, Yu Y, Chen M, Zhao Q, Li L, Wu M, Ye M. SETD8 involved in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease via epigenetically regulating p62 expression. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2850-2863. [PMID: 33991018 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epigenetic modification is an important part of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies proved that p62 was involved in inflammatory response and upregulated in IBD patients, and histone modification plays an important role in regulating p62 expression. SETD8, a histone H4K20 methyltransferase, has been reported downregulated in some inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the role of SETD8 in the development of IBD and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS An inflammatory cell model was established to elucidate whether SETD8 involved in inflammatory response in macrophages. Three percent dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis murine model injection with SETD8 inhibitor was used in our study to investigate whether SETD8 inhibition can affect the progress of IBD. The expression of SETD8 and p62 was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The mRNA level of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR was performed to identify the mechanism by which SETD8 regulates p62. RESULTS SETD8 expression obviously decreased in vitro, in vivo models and in IBD patients. In lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells, knockdown of SETD8 significantly increased the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Based on the dataset, we verified that p62 was a target gene of SETD8 and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay identified that silence of SETD8 distinctly decreases the H4K20me1 enrichment in the promoter of p62. Moreover, silencing of p62 partly reverses the SETD8 inhibition-mediated pro-inflammatory effect in vitro. Finally, SETD8 pharmacological inhibitor (UNC0379) aggravated the disease progression in dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis. CONCLUSION Our findings elucidate an epigenetic mechanism by which SETD8 regulates the p62 expression and restrains the inflammatory response in colitis. Our result suggests that targeting SETD8 may be a promising therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujuan Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxing Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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38
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Herviou L, Ovejero S, Izard F, Karmous-Gadacha O, Gourzones C, Bellanger C, De Smedt E, Ma A, Vincent L, Cartron G, Jin J, De Bruyne E, Grimaud C, Julien E, Moreaux J. Targeting the methyltransferase SETD8 impairs tumor cell survival and overcomes drug resistance independently of p53 status in multiple myeloma. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:174. [PMID: 34530900 PMCID: PMC8447659 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that largely remains incurable. The search for new therapeutic targets is therefore essential. In addition to a wide panel of genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations also appear as important players in the development of this cancer, thereby offering the possibility to reveal novel approaches and targets for effective therapeutic intervention. Results Here, we show that a higher expression of the lysine methyltransferase SETD8, which is responsible for the mono-methylation of histone H4 at lysine 20, is an adverse prognosis factor associated with a poor outcome in two cohorts of newly diagnosed patients. Primary malignant plasma cells are particularly addicted to the activity of this epigenetic enzyme. Indeed, the inhibition of SETD8 by the chemical compound UNC-0379 and the subsequent decrease in histone H4 methylation at lysine 20 are highly toxic in MM cells compared to normal cells from the bone marrow microenvironment. At the molecular level, RNA sequencing and functional studies revealed that SETD8 inhibition induces a mature non-proliferating plasma cell signature and, as observed in other cancers, triggers an activation of the tumor suppressor p53, which together cause an impairment of myeloma cell proliferation and survival. However, a deadly level of replicative stress was also observed in p53-deficient myeloma cells treated with UNC-0379, indicating that the cytotoxicity associated with SETD8 inhibition is not necessarily dependent on p53 activation. Consistent with this, UNC-0379 triggers a p53-independent nucleolar stress characterized by nucleolin delocalization and reduction of nucleolar RNA synthesis. Finally, we showed that SETD8 inhibition is strongly synergistic with melphalan and may overcome resistance to this alkylating agent widely used in MM treatment. Conclusions Altogether, our data indicate that the up-regulation of the epigenetic enzyme SETD8 is associated with a poor outcome and the deregulation of major signaling pathways in MM. Moreover, we provide evidences that myeloma cells are dependent on SETD8 activity and its pharmacological inhibition synergizes with melphalan, which could be beneficial to improve MM treatment in high-risk patients whatever their status for p53. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01160-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Herviou
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Ovejero
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Izard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Ouissem Karmous-Gadacha
- Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Laure Vincent
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grimaud
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.,Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Julien
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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Cui J, Ren P, Li Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Lin C, Jing L, Tong X, Ma S, Chen J. ESRP1 as a prognostic factor of non-small-cell lung cancer is related to the EMT transcription factor of Twist. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2449-2457. [PMID: 34342121 PMCID: PMC8447917 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common fatal cancers in the world. Although the treatment of NSCLC has been significantly improved, there is still an unmet need to identify novel targets for developing therapeutic agents and diagnostic/prognostic markers. The aim of this study is explore the role and underlying mechanism of the epithelial splicing regulatory protein (ESRP1) in the development and progression of NSCLC. Methods A total of 115 participants, 65 cases of NSCLC, 20 cases of precancerous lesions, and 30 cases of benign lung nodules, were included in this study. The expressions of ESRP1 and related transcription factor Twist in enrolled lung tissues were evaluated by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry assay. The survival analysis and related prognosis factors were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression. In addition, the expression of ESRP1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)related transcription factor Twist and EMT markers E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin were ascertained by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting assay on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that were exposed to transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). Results Compared with normal lung tissues, the abundance of ESRP1 protein was significantly increased in precancerous lesions and lung cancer. Correlation analysis demonstrated that ESRP1 was an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC. The expression of ESRP1 and Twist was positively correlated in lung tissues (r = 0.285, p < 0.001). In vitro analysis further showed that TGFβ1 could upregulate the expression of EMT transcription factor Twist while downregulating ESRP1. Conclusions Our data suggest that the aberrant expression of ESRP1 is an early event in the development of NSCLC. The ESRP1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC, particularly when combined with Twist. The Twist negatively regulated the expression of ESRP1, emphasizing the role of the TGFβ/ESRP1 pathway in the development of NSCLC, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieda Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yunfan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jingdi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chutong Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Jing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexia Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Lu X, Xu M, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Liu G, Bao Y, Gu L, Tian Y, Wen H, Zhu WG. RNF8-ubiquitinated KMT5A is required for RNF168-induced H2A ubiquitination in response to DNA damage. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21326. [PMID: 33710666 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications play critical roles in DNA damage repair to safeguard genome integrity. However, how different histone modifiers coordinate to build appropriate chromatin context for DNA damage repair is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel interplay between the histone methyltransferase KMT5A and two E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168 in establishing the histone modification status for DNA damage repair. KMT5A is a newly identified substrate of RNF8 in vitro and in vivo. In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), RNF8 promotes KMT5A recruitment onto damaged chromatin in a ubiquitination-dependent manner. RNF8-induced KMT5A ubiquitination increases the binding capacity of KMT5A to RNF168. Interestingly, KMT5A not only drives a local increase in H4K20 monomethylation at DSBs, but also promotes RNF168's activity in catalyzing H2A ubiquitination. We proved that the interaction between the H2A acidic patch and KMT5A R188/R189 residues is critical for KMT5A-mediated regulation of H2A ubiquitination. Taken together, our results highlight a new role for KMT5A in linking H4K20 methylation and H2A ubiquitination and provide insight into the histone modification network during DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yantao Bao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Wen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Jayachandran J, Srinivasan H, Mani KP. Molecular mechanism involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:108984. [PMID: 34252392 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that plays an important role during embryonic development. During this process, the epithelial cells lose their polarity and acquire mesenchymal properties. In addition to embryonic development, EMT is also well-known to participate in tissue repair, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor metastasis. In the present review, we address the basics of epithelial to mesenchymal transition during both development and disease conditions and emphasize the role of various transcription factors and miRNAs involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- ASK-II, 212, Vascular Research Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- ASK-II, 212, Vascular Research Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Lu L, Zhong Z, Gu J, Nan K, Zhu M, Miao C. ets1 associates with KMT5A to participate in high glucose-mediated EndMT via upregulation of PFN2 expression in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med 2021; 27:74. [PMID: 34238215 PMCID: PMC8266168 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of glomerular endothelial cells has been reported to play a crucial role in DN. As a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EndMT and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may exhibit mutual modulators. Profilin 2 (PFN2) has been reported to participate in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ets1) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to contribute to high glucose-mediated endothelial injury and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we hypothesize ets1 associates with KMT5A to modulate PFN2 transcription, thus participating in high glucose-mediated EndMT in glomerular endothelial cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect protein levels in the kidney tissues and/or aorta tissues of human subjects and rats. Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and dual luciferase assays were performed to assess transcriptional activity. The difference between the groups was compared by two-tailed unpaired t-tests or one-way ANOVAs. Results Our data indicated that vimentin, αSMA, S100A4 and PFN2 levels were increased, and CD31 levels were reduced in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Our cell experiments showed that high glucose induced EndMT by augmenting PFN2 expression in HUVECs. Moreover, high glucose increased ets1 expression. si-ets1 suppressed high glucose-induced PFN2 levels and EndMT. ets1 overexpression-mediated EndMT was reversed by si-PFN2. Furthermore, ets1 was determined to associate with KMT5A. High glucose attenuated KMT5A levels and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1), one of the downstream targets of KMT5A. KMT5A upregulation suppressed high glucose-induced PFN2 levels and EndMT. sh-KMT5A-mediated EndMT was counteracted by si-PFN2. Furthermore, H4K20me1 and ets1 occupied the PFN2 promoter region. sh-KMT5A cooperated with ets1 overexpression to activate PFN2 promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that KMT5A was reduced, while ets1 was augmented, in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Conclusions The present study indicated that ets1 cooperated with KMT5A to transcribe PFN2, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in the glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00339-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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LncRNA LINC00473 is involved in the progression of invasive pituitary adenoma by upregulating KMT5A via ceRNA-mediated miR-502-3p evasion. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:580. [PMID: 34091587 PMCID: PMC8179925 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their crosstalks with other RNAs have been revealed to be closely related to tumorigenesis and development, but their role in invasive pituitary adenoma (IPA) remains largely unclear. In our study, LINC00473 was identified as the most upregulated lncRNA in IPA by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Further, its related signaling pathway LINC00473/miR-502-3p/KMT5A was obtained by constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Their expression in IPA and non-invasive pituitary adenoma (NIPA) tissues was verified by qRT-PCR. Then the effects and mechanisms of LINC00473 and its ceRNA network on the proliferation of pituitary adenoma (PA) cells were confirmed by gene overexpression or silencing techniques combined with CCK-8 assay, EdU staining, flow cytometry assay, and double luciferase reporter gene assay in PA cell lines AtT-20 and GT1-1 in vitro and in a xenograft model in vivo. LINC00473 is overexpressed in IPA and can promote PA cells proliferation. Mechanistically, overexpression of LINC00473 restricts miR-502-3p through the ceRNA mechanism, upregulates KMT5A expression, and promotes the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK2, which is conducive to the cell cycle process, thereby promoting the proliferation of PA cells, involving IPA progression.
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Soleymani L, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hashemi F, Zabolian A, Banihashemi SM, Moghadam SS, Hushmandi K, Samarghandian S, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H. Role of ZEB family members in proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells: Revealing signaling networks. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:749-767. [PMID: 34077345 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210601114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. A variety of strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are applied for PCa treatment. PCa cells are responsive towards therapy at early stages, but they can obtain resistance in the advanced stage. Furthermore, their migratory ability is high in advanced stages. It seems that genetic and epigenetic factors play an important in this case. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB) is a family of transcription with two key members including ZEB1 and ZEB2. ZEB family members are known due to their involvement in promoting cancer metastasis via EMT induction. Recent studies have shown their role in cancer proliferation and inducing therapy resistance. In the current review, we focus on revealing role of ZEB1 and ZEB2 in PCa. ZEB family members that are able to significantly promote proliferation and viability of cancer cells. ZEB1 and ZEB2 enhance migration and invasion of PCa cells via EMT induction. Overexpression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 is associated with poor prognosis of PCa. ZEB1 and ZEB2 upregulation occurs during PCa progression and can provide therapy resistance to cancer cells. PRMT1, Smad2, and non-coding RNAs can function as upstream mediators of the ZEB family. Besides, Bax, Bcl-2, MRP1, N-cadherin and E-cadherin can be considered as downstream targets of ZEB family in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Soleymani
- Department of biology, school of science, Urmia university, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Sabouhi Moghadam
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite -Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200. Pakistan
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Histone lysine methyltransferase SET8 is a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2423-2430. [PMID: 34022460 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SET8 is the only lysine methyltransferase that can specifically monomethylate the histone H4K20. SET8-mediated protein modifications are largely involved in the regulation of cell cycle, DNA repair, gene transcription, cell apoptosis, and other vital physiological processes. The aberrant expression of SET8 is closely linked to the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of a variety of cancers. As a consequence, targeting SET8 could be an appealing strategy for cancer therapy. In this article, we introduce the molecular structure of SET8, followed by summarizing its roles in various biological pathways. Crucially, we highlight the potential functions of SET8 in tumors, as well as progress in the development of SET inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Javadrashid D, Baghbanzadeh A, Derakhshani A, Leone P, Silvestris N, Racanelli V, Solimando AG, Baradaran B. Pancreatic Cancer Signaling Pathways, Genetic Alterations, and Tumor Microenvironment: The Barriers Affecting the Method of Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:373. [PMID: 33918146 PMCID: PMC8067185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations, especially the K-Ras mutation, carry the heaviest burden in the progression of pancreatic precursor lesions into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The tumor microenvironment is one of the challenges that hinder the therapeutic approaches from functioning sufficiently and leads to the immune evasion of pancreatic malignant cells. Mastering the mechanisms of these two hallmarks of PDAC can help us in dealing with the obstacles in the way of treatment. In this review, we have analyzed the signaling pathways involved in PDAC development and the immune system's role in pancreatic cancer and immune checkpoint inhibition as next-generation therapeutic strategy. The direct targeting of the involved signaling molecules and the immune checkpoint molecules, along with a combination with conventional therapies, have reached the most promising results in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Javadrashid
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Leone
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (V.R.)
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (V.R.)
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Guido Baccelli Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, School of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.L.); (V.R.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran; (D.J.); (A.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
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Prominent Role of Histone Modifications in the Regulation of Tumor Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052778. [PMID: 33803458 PMCID: PMC7967218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor aggressiveness and progression is highly dependent on the process of metastasis, regulated by the coordinated interplay of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Metastasis involves several steps of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), anoikis resistance, intra- and extravasation, and new tissue colonization. EMT is considered as the most critical process allowing cancer cells to switch their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. Emerging evidence demonstrates that epigenetics mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs participate in the widespread changes of gene expression that characterize the metastatic phenotype. At the chromatin level, active and repressive histone post-translational modifications (PTM) in association with pleiotropic transcription factors regulate pivotal genes involved in the initiation of the EMT process as well as in intravasation and anoikis resistance, playing a central role in the progression of tumors. Herein, we discuss the main epigenetic mechanisms associated with the different steps of metastatic process, focusing in particular on the prominent role of histone modifications and the modifying enzymes that mediate transcriptional regulation of genes associated with tumor progression. We further discuss the development of novel treatment strategies targeting the reversibility of histone modifications and highlight their importance in the future of cancer therapy.
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PKN2 is involved in aggregation and spheroid formation of fibroblasts in suspension culture by regulating cell motility and N-cadherin expression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100895. [PMID: 33437883 PMCID: PMC7787963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Protein Kinase N2 (PKN2, also known as PRK2/PKNγ) in cell aggregate/spheroid formation in suspension culture was investigated using immortalized fibroblasts established from PKN2flox/flox mouse embryos. PKN2flox/flox cells formed cell aggregates in flat bottom low attachment well plates, such as 2% agar and poly-2-hydroxyethymethacrylate coated plates, however, Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells in which PKN2 was depleted by the introduction of Cre-recombinase rarely formed aggregates. Time-lapse analysis revealed that the velocity of Cre;PKN2flox/flox cell motility was significantly lower than that of PKN2flox/flox in a low attachment flat-bottom plate, which likely resulted in a lower cell-cell contact frequency among Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells. Conversely, Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells could form initial cell aggregates in U-bottom low attachment well plates, however, the succeeding compaction process was delayed in Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells with decreased roundness, although PKN2flox/flox cells underwent compaction in a round shape spheroid within 24 h. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the preparation of the cell suspension from adherent conditions using trypsin/EDTA treatment significantly decreased the expression of N-cadherin in both PKN2flox/flox and Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells. The N-cadherin expression level recovered time-dependently; however, the recovery of N-cadherin was significantly delayed in Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells compared to PKN2flox/flox cells. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR revealed that N-cadherin mRNA in Cre;PKN2flox/flox cells was significantly lower than that of PKN2flox/flox cells. These results suggest that PKN2 controls the velocity of cell motility and the transcription of N-cadherin in fibroblasts, leading to cell aggregation and compaction for spheroid formation in suspension culture. PKN2 is involved in initial fibroblast aggregation by regulating cell motility. PKN2 is involved in compaction of fibroblasts in suspension. N-cadherin protein level seems to be a key element for compaction of fibroblasts. PKN2 controls transcription of N-cadherin mRNA in fibroblasts.
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Provenzano A, La Barbera A, Scagnet M, Pagliazzi A, Traficante G, Pantaleo M, Tiberi L, Vergani D, Kurtas NE, Guarducci S, Bargiacchi S, Forzano G, Artuso R, Palazzo V, Kura A, Giordano F, di Feo D, Mortilla M, De Filippi C, Mattei G, Garavelli L, Giusti B, Genitori L, Zuffardi O, Giglio S. Chiari 1 malformation and exome sequencing in 51 trios: the emerging role of rare missense variants in chromatin-remodeling genes. Hum Genet 2020; 140:625-647. [PMID: 33337535 PMCID: PMC7981314 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Chiari malformation (C1M) is characterized by cerebellar tonsillar herniation of 3–5 mm or more, the frequency of which is presumably much higher than one in 1000 births, as previously believed. Its etiology remains undefined, although a genetic basis is strongly supported by C1M presence in numerous genetic syndromes associated with different genes. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 51 between isolated and syndromic pediatric cases and their relatives was performed after confirmation of the defect by brain magnetic resonance image (MRI). Moreover, in all the cases showing an inherited candidate variant, brain MRI was performed in both parents and not only in the carrier one to investigate whether the defect segregated with the variant. More than half of the variants were Missense and belonged to the same chromatin-remodeling genes whose protein truncation variants are associated with severe neurodevelopmental syndromes. In the remaining cases, variants have been detected in genes with a role in cranial bone sutures, microcephaly, neural tube defects, and RASopathy. This study shows that the frequency of C1M is widely underestimated, in fact many of the variants, in particular those in the chromatin-remodeling genes, were inherited from a parent with C1M, either asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. In addition, C1M is a Mendelian trait, in most cases inherited as dominant. Finally, we demonstrate that modifications of the genes that regulate chromatin architecture can cause localized anatomical alterations, with symptoms of varying degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldesia Provenzano
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Andrea La Barbera
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Scagnet
- Department of Neurosurgery, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelica Pagliazzi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Traficante
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marilena Pantaleo
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Tiberi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Debora Vergani
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Nehir Edibe Kurtas
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Guarducci
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Bargiacchi
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Forzano
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosangela Artuso
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Viviana Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ada Kura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele di Feo
- Department of Radiology, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marzia Mortilla
- Department of Radiology, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio De Filippi
- Department of Radiology, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mattei
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Betti Giusti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Atherothrombotic Diseases Center, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, "A. Meyer" Children Hospital of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Liu M, Qin Y, Hu Q, Liu W, Ji S, Xu W, Fan G, Ye Z, Zhang Z, Xu X, Yu X, Zhuo Q. SETD8 potentiates constitutive ERK1/2 activation via epigenetically silencing DUSP10 expression in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:265-278. [PMID: 33232789 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive ERK1/2 activation has been frequently observed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). How ERK1/2 activation status been potentiated and maintained by epigenetic mechanisms has seldom been discussed in PDAC. In this study, we first examined the expression status of p-ERK1/2 in PDAC tissues by immunohistochemical staining and then screened possible epigenetic factors that displayed different expression status between p-ERK1/2 high and low groups by RNA profiling, and found that SETD8 displayed an increased expressional pattern in p-ERK1/2high patient group. Then the impact of SETD8 on the proliferation of PDAC cells were investigated on the basis of gain or loss-of-function assays. RNA sequencing assays were performed to screen potential SETD8 downstream targets that contribute to ERK1/2 activation. Mass spectrometry and transcriptional analysis, including dual-luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP), were used to explore the molecular mechanisms that governing SETD8-mediated ERK1/2 activation. In vitro cell line studies and in vivo xenograft mouse model studies indicated that SETD8 promoted cell proliferation and increased tumor formation capacity of PDAC cell lines. Mechanism explorations uncovered that SETD8 suppressed the expression of DUSP10, which was responsible for dephosphorylation of ERK1/2. Mass spectrometry and transcriptional analysis results demonstrated that STAT3 interacted with SETD8 and recruited SETD8 to the promoter region of DUSP10, leading to epigenetic silencing of DUSP10 and the resultant activation of ERK1/2. In conclusion, SETD8 interacts with STAT3 on DUSP10 promoter region and epigenetically silences DUSP10 expression. Decreased DUSP10 expression in PDAC potentiates activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in unfavorable prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qifeng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
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