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Sharda R, Dongre P, Srinivasan H, Kumari L, Kulkarni M. Impact of Green Hospital Design on Patients' Well-Being and Operating Cost of the Hospital: A Systematic Review. Hosp Top 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38506037 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2024.2326409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Hospitals play a crucial role in providing medical care to patients, but they also have a significant environmental impact due to their high energy consumption and resource use. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the concept of green hospital design, which aims to reduce the environmental footprint of hospitals while simultaneously improving patient outcomes.10 articles were finalized for review and were coded in QDA Miner qualitative analysis software for descriptive and link analysis. Results indicated a strong correlation between green design aspects of hospital and patient well-being, it failed to provide any evidence of concrete relation between relation between green hospital design and lower operation cost."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir Sharda
- Hospital and Healthcare Administration, Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prerana Dongre
- Hospital and Healthcare Management, Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Hospital and Healthcare Administration, Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Laxmi Kumari
- Hospital and Healthcare Administration, Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meenal Kulkarni
- Hospital and Healthcare Management, School of Business Institute, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Nardone S, De Luca R, Zito A, Klymko N, Nicoloutsopoulos D, Amsalem O, Brannigan C, Resch JM, Jacobs CL, Pant D, Veregge M, Srinivasan H, Grippo RM, Yang Z, Zeidel ML, Andermann ML, Harris KD, Tsai LT, Arrigoni E, Verstegen AMJ, Saper CB, Lowell BB. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1966. [PMID: 38438345 PMCID: PMC10912765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The "dorsal pons", or "dorsal pontine tegmentum" (dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital functions. Notable among them are the parabrachial nucleus, the Kölliker Fuse, the Barrington nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the dorsal, laterodorsal, and ventral tegmental nuclei. In this study, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to resolve neuronal subtypes based on their unique transcriptional profiles and then used multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) to map them spatially. We sampled ~1 million cells across the dPnTg and defined the spatial distribution of over 120 neuronal subtypes. Our analysis identified an unpredicted high transcriptional diversity in this region and pinpointed the unique marker genes of many neuronal subtypes. We also demonstrated that many neuronal subtypes are transcriptionally similar between humans and mice, enhancing this study's translational value. Finally, we developed a freely accessible, GPU and CPU-powered dashboard ( http://harvard.heavy.ai:6273/ ) that combines interactive visual analytics and hardware-accelerated SQL into a data science framework to allow the scientific community to query and gain insights into the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, The Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nataliya Klymko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Oren Amsalem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory Brannigan
- HEAVY.AI, 100 Montgomery St Fl 5, San Francisco, California, 94104, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Veregge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongfang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, García Sakai V, Mitra S. Nature of Subdiffusion Crossover in Molecular and Polymeric Glassformers. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:058202. [PMID: 38364148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.058202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A crossover from a non-Gaussian to Gaussian subdiffusion has been observed ubiquitously in various polymeric and molecular glassformers. We have developed a framework that generalizes the fractional Brownian motion model to incorporate non-Gaussian features by introducing a jump kernel. We illustrate that the non-Gaussian fractional Brownian motion model accurately characterizes the subdiffusion crossover. From the solutions of the non-Gaussian fractional Brownian motion model, we gain insights into the nature of van Hove self-correlation in non-Gaussian subdiffusive regime, which is found to exhibit exponential tails, providing first such experimental evidence in molecular glassformers. The validity of the model is supported by comparison with incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering data obtained from several molecular and polymeric glassformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V García Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Centre, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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4
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Nardone S, De Luca R, Zito A, Klymko N, Nicoloutsopoulos D, Amsalem O, Brannigan C, Resch JM, Jacobs CL, Pant D, Veregge M, Srinivasan H, Grippo RM, Yang Z, Zeidel ML, Andermann ML, Harris KD, Tsai LT, Arrigoni E, Verstegen AMJ, Saper CB, Lowell BB. A spatially-resolved transcriptional atlas of the murine dorsal pons at single-cell resolution. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.18.558047. [PMID: 38014113 PMCID: PMC10680649 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The "dorsal pons", or "dorsal pontine tegmentum" (dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital functions. Notable among them are the parabrachial nucleus, the Kölliker Fuse, the Barrington nucleus, the locus coeruleus, and the dorsal, laterodorsal, and ventral tegmental nuclei. In this study, we applied single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) to resolve neuronal subtypes based on their unique transcriptional profiles and then used multiplexed error robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) to map them spatially. We sampled ~1 million cells across the dPnTg and defined the spatial distribution of over 120 neuronal subtypes. Our analysis identified an unpredicted high transcriptional diversity in this region and pinpointed many neuronal subtypes' unique marker genes. We also demonstrated that many neuronal subtypes are transcriptionally similar between humans and mice, enhancing this study's translational value. Finally, we developed a freely accessible, GPU and CPU-powered dashboard (http://harvard.heavy.ai:6273/) that combines interactive visual analytics and hardware-accelerated SQL into a data science framework to allow the scientific community to query and gain insights into the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nardone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roberto De Luca
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antonino Zito
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nataliya Klymko
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Oren Amsalem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cory Brannigan
- HEAVY.AI, 100 Montgomery St Fl 5, San Francisco, California, 94104, USA
| | - Jon M Resch
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center. University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Christopher L Jacobs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly Veregge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Grippo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongfang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark L Zeidel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne M J Verstegen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Sakai VG, Mukhopadhyay R, Mitra S. Noncanonical Relationship between Heterogeneity and the Stokes-Einstein Breakdown in Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9766-9773. [PMID: 37882461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between Stokes-Einstein breakdown (SEB) and dynamical heterogeneity (DH) is of paramount importance in the physical chemistry of complex fluids. In this work, we employ neutron scattering to probe the DH and SEB in a series of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of acetamide and lithium salts. Quasielastic neutron scattering experiments reveal SEB in the jump diffusion of acetamide, represented by a fractional Stokes-Einstein relationship. Among these DESs, lithium perchlorate exhibits the most pronounced SEB while lithium bromide displays the weakest. Concurrently, elastic incoherent neutron scans identify that bromide DES is the most heterogeneous and perchlorate is the least. For the first time, our study unveils a counterintuitive incommensurate relationship between DH and SEB. Further, it reveals the intricate contrasting nature of the SEB-DH relationship when investigated in proximity to the glass-transition temperature and further away from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V García Sakai
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - R Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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6
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Galeano Niño JL, Wu H, LaCourse KD, Srinivasan H, Fitzgibbon M, Minot SS, Sather C, Johnston CD, Bullman S. INVADEseq to identify cell-adherent or invasive bacteria and the associated host transcriptome at single-cell-level resolution. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:3355-3389. [PMID: 37789194 PMCID: PMC10790651 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) technologies have been beneficial in revealing and describing cellular heterogeneity within mammalian tissues, including solid tumors. However, many of these techniques apply poly(A) selection of RNA, and thus have primarily focused on determining the gene signatures of eukaryotic cellular components of the tumor microenvironment. Microbiome analysis has revealed the presence of microbial ecosystems, including bacteria and fungi, within human tumor tissues from major cancer types. Imaging data have revealed that intratumoral bacteria may be located within epithelial and immune cell types. However, as bacterial RNA typically lacks a poly(A) tail, standard scRNAseq approaches have limited ability to capture this microbial component of the tumor microenvironment. To overcome this, we describe the invasion-adhesion-directed expression sequencing (INVADEseq) approach, whereby we adapt 10x Genomics 5' scRNAseq protocol by introducing a primer that targets a conserved region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene in addition to the standard primer for eukaryotic poly(A) RNA selection. This 'add-on' approach enables the generation of eukaryotic and bacterial DNA libraries at eukaryotic single-cell level resolution, utilizing the 10x barcode to identify single cells with intracellular bacteria. The INVADEseq method takes 30 h to complete, including tissue processing, sequencing and computational analysis. As an output, INVADEseq has shown to be a reliable tool in human cancer cell lines and patient tumor specimens by detecting the proportion of human cells that harbor bacteria and the identities of human cells and intracellular bacteria, along with identifying host transcriptional programs that are modulated on the basis of associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanrui Wu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Harini Srinivasan
- Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Fitzgibbon
- Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel S Minot
- Data Core, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cassie Sather
- Shared Resources Administration, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher D Johnston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Susan Bullman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Satheesh Babu AK, Srinivasan H, Anandh Babu PV. Breaking bugs: gut microbes metabolize dietary components and modulate vascular health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37651204 PMCID: PMC10902197 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2251616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota modulates host physiology and pathophysiology through the production of microbial metabolites. Diet is a crucial factor in shaping the microbiome, and gut microbes interact with the host by producing beneficial or detrimental diet-derived microbial metabolites. Evidence from our lab and others indicates that the interaction between diet and gut microbes plays a pivotal role in modulating vascular health. Diet-derived microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and metabolites of phenolic acids improve vascular health, whereas trimethylamine oxide and certain amino acid-derived microbial metabolites impair the vasculature. These metabolites have been shown to regulate blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis by acting on multiple targets. Nonetheless, there are substantial gaps in knowledge within this field. The microbial enzymes essential for the production of diet-derived metabolites, the role of the food matrix in regulating the bioavailability of metabolites, and the structure-activity relationships between metabolites and biomolecules in the vasculature are largely unknown. Potential diet-derived metabolites to improve vascular health can be identified through future studies that investigate the causal relationship between dietary components, gut microbes, diet-derived metabolites, and vascular health by using radiolabeled compounds, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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8
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Hafer TL, Felton A, Delgado Y, Srinivasan H, Emerman M. A CRISPR Screen of HIV Dependency Factors Reveals That CCNT1 Is Non-Essential in T Cells but Required for HIV-1 Reactivation from Latency. Viruses 2023; 15:1863. [PMID: 37766271 PMCID: PMC10535513 DOI: 10.3390/v15091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to explore the hypothesis that host factors required for HIV-1 replication also play a role in latency reversal. Using a CRISPR gene library of putative HIV dependency factors, we performed a screen to identify genes required for latency reactivation. We identified several HIV-1 dependency factors that play a key role in HIV-1 latency reactivation including ELL, UBE2M, TBL1XR1, HDAC3, AMBRA1, and ALYREF. The knockout of Cyclin T1 (CCNT1), a component of the P-TEFb complex that is important for transcription elongation, was the top hit in the screen and had the largest effect on HIV latency reversal with a wide variety of latency reversal agents. Moreover, CCNT1 knockout prevents latency reactivation in a primary CD4+ T cell model of HIV latency without affecting the activation of these cells. RNA sequencing data showed that CCNT1 regulates HIV-1 proviral genes to a larger extent than any other host gene and had no significant effects on RNA transcripts in primary T cells after activation. We conclude that CCNT1 function is non-essential in T cells but is absolutely required for HIV latency reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Hafer
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Abby Felton
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yennifer Delgado
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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9
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Ciampa EJ, Flahardy P, Srinivasan H, Jacobs C, Tsai L, Karumanchi SA, Parikh SM. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling drives placental aging and can provoke preterm labor. eLife 2023; 12:RP85597. [PMID: 37610425 PMCID: PMC10446824 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cases of preterm labor have unknown cause, and the burden of preterm birth is immense. Placental aging has been proposed to promote labor onset, but specific mechanisms remain elusive. We report findings stemming from unbiased transcriptomic analysis of mouse placenta, which revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) stabilization is a hallmark of advanced gestational timepoints, accompanied by mitochondrial dysregulation and cellular senescence; we detected similar effects in aging human placenta. In parallel in primary mouse trophoblasts and human choriocarcinoma cells, we modeled HIF-1 induction and demonstrated resultant mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HIF-1 stabilization recapitulated gene signatures observed in aged placenta. Further, conditioned media from trophoblasts following HIF-1 induction promoted contractility in immortalized uterine myocytes, suggesting a mechanism by which the aging placenta may drive the transition from uterine quiescence to contractility at the onset of labor. Finally, pharmacological induction of HIF-1 via intraperitoneal administration of dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG) to pregnant mice caused preterm labor. These results provide clear evidence for placental aging in normal pregnancy, and demonstrate how HIF-1 signaling in late gestation may be a causal determinant of the mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence observed within the trophoblast as well as a trigger for uterine contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Ciampa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Padraich Flahardy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Samir M Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical SchoolDallasUnited States
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10
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Emont MP, Jacobs C, Essene AL, Pant D, Tenen D, Colleluori G, Di Vincenzo A, Jørgensen AM, Dashti H, Stefek A, McGonagle E, Strobel S, Laber S, Agrawal S, Westcott GP, Kar A, Veregge ML, Gulko A, Srinivasan H, Kramer Z, De Filippis E, Merkel E, Ducie J, Boyd CG, Gourash W, Courcoulas A, Lin SJ, Lee BT, Morris D, Tobias A, Khera AV, Claussnitzer M, Pers TH, Giordano A, Ashenberg O, Regev A, Tsai LT, Rosen ED. Author Correction: A single-cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue. Nature 2023; 620:E14. [PMID: 37495702 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam L Essene
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anja M Jørgensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hesam Dashti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Stefek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Saaket Agrawal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory P Westcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrita Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Molly L Veregge
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Kramer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Erin Merkel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ducie
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher G Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Gourash
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anita Courcoulas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard T Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Morris
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Tobias
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Hafer TL, Felton A, Delgado Y, Srinivasan H, Emerman M. A CRISPR screen of HIV dependency factors reveals CCNT1 is non-essential in T cells but required for HIV-1 reactivation from latency. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.28.551016. [PMID: 37546973 PMCID: PMC10402164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We sought to explore the hypothesis that host factors required for HIV-1 replication also play a role in latency reversal. Using a CRISPR gene library of putative HIV dependency factors, we performed a screen to identify genes required for latency reactivation. We identified several HIV-1 dependency factors that play a key role in HIV-1 latency reactivation including ELL , UBE2M , TBL1XR1 , HDAC3 , AMBRA1 , and ALYREF . Knockout of Cyclin T1 ( CCNT1 ), a component of the P-TEFb complex important for transcription elongation, was the top hit in the screen and had the largest effect on HIV latency reversal with a wide variety of latency reversal agents. Moreover, CCNT1 knockout prevents latency reactivation in a primary CD4+ T cell model of HIV latency without affecting activation of these cells. RNA sequencing data showed that CCNT1 regulates HIV-1 proviral genes to a larger extent than any other host gene and had no significant effects on RNA transcripts in primary T cells after activation. We conclude that CCNT1 function is redundant in T cells but is absolutely required for HIV latency reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry L Hafer
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Abby Felton
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yennifer Delgado
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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12
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Gatbonton-Schwager T, Yagishita Y, Joshi T, Wakabayashi N, Srinivasan H, Suzuki T, Yamamoto M, Kensler TW. A Point Mutation at C151 of Keap1 of Mice Abrogates NRF2 Signaling, Cytoprotection In Vitro and Hepatoprotection In Vivo by Bardoxolone Methyl (CDDO-Me). Mol Pharmacol 2023:molpharm.123.000671. [PMID: 37188495 PMCID: PMC10353147 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me) is an oleanane triterpenoid in late-stage clinical development for the treatment of patients with diabetic kidney disease. Preclinical studies in rodents demonstrate the efficacy of triterpenoids against carcinogenesis and other diseases including renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury and immune hepatitis. Genetic disruption of NRF2 abrogates protection by triterpenoids, suggesting that induction of the NRF2 pathway may drive this protection. Herein, we examined the effect of a point mutation (C151S) in KEAP1, a repressor of NRF2 signaling, at cysteine 151 in mouse embryo fibroblasts and mouse liver. Induction of target gene transcripts and enzyme activity by CDDO-Me was lost in C151S mutant fibroblasts compared to wild-type. Protection against menadione toxicity was also nullified in the mutant fibroblasts. In mouse liver, CDDO-Me evoked the nuclear translocation of NRF2 followed by increased transcript and activity levels of a prototypic target gene Nqo1 in wild-type, but not C151S mutant mice. To test the role of KEAP1 Cys151 in governing the broader pharmacodynamic action of CDDO-Me, wild-type and C151S mutant mice were challenged with concanavalin A to induce immune hepatitis. Strong protection was seen in wild-type but not C151S mutant mice. RNA-seq analysis of mouse liver from wild-type, C151S mutant and Nrf2-knockout mice revealed a vigorous response of the Nrf2 transcriptome in wild-type, but in neither C151S mutant nor Nrf2-knockout mice. Activation of "off-target" pathways by CDDO were not observed. These data highlight the singular importance of the KEAP1 cysteine 151 sensor for activation of NRF2 signaling by CDDO-Me. Significance Statement Keap1 serves as a key sensor for induction of the cytoprotective signaling pathway driven by the transcription factor NRF2. Mutation of a single cysteine (C151) in KEAP1 abrogates the induction of NRF2 signaling and its downstream cytoprotective actions in vitro and in vivo by bardoxolone methyl (CDDO-Me), a drug in late-stage clinical development. Further, at these bioeffective concentrations/doses, activation of "off-target" pathways by CDDO-Me are not observed, highlighting the singular importance of NRF2 in its mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Tanvi Joshi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Nobunao Wakabayashi
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
| | | | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, United States
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13
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Sargsyan A, Doridot L, Hannou SA, Tong W, Srinivasan H, Ivison R, Monn R, Kou HH, Haldeman JM, Arlotto M, White PJ, Grimsrud PA, Astapova I, Tsai LT, Herman MA. HGFAC is a ChREBP-regulated hepatokine that enhances glucose and lipid homeostasis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e153740. [PMID: 36413406 PMCID: PMC9870088 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a carbohydrate-sensing transcription factor that regulates both adaptive and maladaptive genomic responses in coordination of systemic fuel homeostasis. Genetic variants in the ChREBP locus associate with diverse metabolic traits in humans, including circulating lipids. To identify novel ChREBP-regulated hepatokines that contribute to its systemic metabolic effects, we integrated ChREBP ChIP-Seq analysis in mouse liver with human genetic and genomic data for lipid traits and identified hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFAC) as a promising ChREBP-regulated candidate in mice and humans. HGFAC is a protease that activates the pleiotropic hormone hepatocyte growth factor. We demonstrate that HGFAC-KO mice had phenotypes concordant with putative loss-of-function variants in human HGFAC. Moreover, in gain- and loss-of-function genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that HGFAC enhanced lipid and glucose homeostasis, which may be mediated in part through actions to activate hepatic PPARγ activity. Together, our studies show that ChREBP mediated an adaptive response to overnutrition via activation of HGFAC in the liver to preserve glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Sargsyan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenxin Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael Ivison
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruby Monn
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry H. Kou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Haldeman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle Arlotto
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Inna Astapova
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Linus T. Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Modulation of Diffusion Mechanism and Its Correlation with Complexation in Aqueous Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9026-9037. [PMID: 36315464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous mixtures of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained traction recently as an effective template to tailor their physicochemical properties. But detailed microscopic insights into the effects of water on the molecular relaxation phenomenon in DESs are not entirely understood. DESs are strong network-forming liquids due to the extensive hydrogen bonding and complex formation between their species, and therefore, water can behave as a controlled disruptor altering the microscopic structure and dynamics in DESs. In this study, the role of water in the diffusion mechanism of acetamide in the aqueous mixtures of DESs synthesized using acetamide and lithium perchlorate is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The acetamide dynamics comprises localized diffusion within transient cages and a jump diffusion process across cages. The jump diffusion process is observed to be strongly enhanced by about a factor of 10 as the water content in the system is increased. Meanwhile, the geometry of the localized dynamics is unaltered by addition of water, but the localized diffusion becomes significantly faster and more heterogeneous with increasing water concentration. The accelerating effects of water on localized diffusion are also substantiated by QENS experiments. The water concentration in the DES is observed to control the solvation structure of lithium ions, with the ions becoming significantly hydrated at 20 wt % water. The formation of interwater and water-acetamide hydrogen bonds is observed. The increase in water concentration is found to increase the number of H-bonds; however, their lifetimes are found to decrease substantially. Similarly, the lifetimes of acetamide-lithium complexes are also found to be diminished by increasing water concentration. A power-law scaling relationship between lifetimes and diffusion constants is established, elucidating the extent of coupling between diffusive processes and hydrogen bonding and microscopic complexation. This study demonstrates the ability to use water as an agent to probe the role of structural relaxation and complex lifetimes of diffusive processes at different time and length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai400094, India
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15
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Yoshigi M, Stuart D, Koehler K, Srinivasan H, Eaton DC, Ramkumar N, Wynne BM. Abstract 005: Loss Of Resident Renal Dendritic Cells Prevents Salt-sensitive Hypertension And Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Production. Hypertension 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.79.suppl_1.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Sentinel renal dendritic cells (rDCs) form an intricate network within the kidney cortex. DCs can activate immune cells and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesize that loss of renal-specific DCs (rDCs) prevents salt-sensitive hypertension (SS HTN) and reduces intra-renal chemokine and cytokine production. To test this hypothesis, male mice lacking a functional CX
3
CR
1
chemokine receptor (CX
3
CR
1
-
EGFP+/+
) or wild-type (Wt) were used. CX
3
CR
1
is required for DC localization to the kidney; thus these mice have a renal-specific DC-depletion. Mice were subjected to L-NAME (0.5mg/mL, 2 wks) and then a wash-out (1-2wks), followed by HS (4%) or normal chow (NC) for the remainder of the study. Mice were implanted with telemetry devices and mean arterial pressure (MAP) assessed. Total kidney mRNA was isolated and pro-inflammatory chemokine/cytokine levels were determined using RT-PCR (n=4-6). Wt mice exhibited a progressive increase in MAP, with rDC-depleted mice having significantly lower MAP by week 3 (121±4
vs
. 114±3mmHg, *p<0.05). We observed a significant increase in renal mRNA levels of IL-27 (3.24 fold change **p<0.01) and IL-5 (3.76 fold change ****p<0.001) in Wt mice during SS HTN. Renal levels of IL-5 (1.69 fold change *p<0.05), IL-33 (0.72 fold change *p<0.05) and CXCL10 (0.52 fold change *p<0.05) were significantly reduced in rDC-depleted mice during SS HTN, as compared to Wt. When compared to NC, IL-10 levels were unchanged following SS HTN and no differences observed in rDC-depleted mice. Here, we show that rDC-depletion reduces the SS HTN response and that rDCs are necessary for the intra-renal increase of some pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. These data suggest that sentinel innate immune cells within the kidney are crucial in the pathogenesis of SS HTN.
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16
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Joanito I, Wirapati P, Zhao N, Nawaz Z, Yeo G, Lee F, Eng CLP, Macalinao DC, Kahraman M, Srinivasan H, Lakshmanan V, Verbandt S, Tsantoulis P, Gunn N, Venkatesh PN, Poh ZW, Nahar R, Oh HLJ, Loo JM, Chia S, Cheow LF, Cheruba E, Wong MT, Kua L, Chua C, Nguyen A, Golovan J, Gan A, Lim WJ, Guo YA, Yap CK, Tay B, Hong Y, Chong DQ, Chok AY, Park WY, Han S, Chang MH, Seow-En I, Fu C, Mathew R, Toh EL, Hong LZ, Skanderup AJ, DasGupta R, Ong CAJ, Lim KH, Tan EKW, Koo SL, Leow WQ, Tejpar S, Prabhakar S, Tan IB. Single-cell and bulk transcriptome sequencing identifies two epithelial tumor cell states and refines the consensus molecular classification of colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2022; 54:963-975. [PMID: 35773407 PMCID: PMC9279158 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consensus molecular subtype (CMS) classification of colorectal cancer is based on bulk transcriptomics. The underlying epithelial cell diversity remains unclear. We analyzed 373,058 single-cell transcriptomes from 63 patients, focusing on 49,155 epithelial cells. We identified a pervasive genetic and transcriptomic dichotomy of malignant cells, based on distinct gene expression, DNA copy number and gene regulatory network. We recapitulated these subtypes in bulk transcriptomes from 3,614 patients. The two intrinsic subtypes, iCMS2 and iCMS3, refine CMS. iCMS3 comprises microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) cancers and one-third of microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors. iCMS3 MSS cancers are transcriptomically more similar to MSI-H cancers than to other MSS cancers. CMS4 cancers had either iCMS2 or iCMS3 epithelium; the latter had the worst prognosis. We defined the intrinsic epithelial axis of colorectal cancer and propose a refined ‘IMF’ classification with five subtypes, combining intrinsic epithelial subtype (I), microsatellite instability status (M) and fibrosis (F). A single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 63 patients with colorectal cancer classifies tumor cells into two epithelial subtypes. An improved tumor classification based on epithelial subtype, microsatellite stability and fibrosis reveals differences in pathway activation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasius Joanito
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pratyaksha Wirapati
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Zhao
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zahid Nawaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Yeo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine L P Eng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Merve Kahraman
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sara Verbandt
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Gunn
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prasanna Nori Venkatesh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhong Wee Poh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahul Nahar
- MSD International GmbH (Singapore Branch), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jia Min Loo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shumei Chia
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Elsie Cheruba
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lindsay Kua
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Anna Gan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Jun Lim
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Amanda Guo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kong Yap
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brenda Tay
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yourae Hong
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dawn Qingqing Chong
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aik-Yong Chok
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woong-Yang Park
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shuting Han
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Huan Chang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isaac Seow-En
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherylin Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronnie Mathew
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Toh
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,EL Toh Colorectal & Minimally Invasive Surgery, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lewis Z Hong
- MSD International GmbH (Singapore Branch), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anders Jacobsen Skanderup
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ann Johnny Ong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumours (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Laboratory of Applied Human Genetics, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emile K W Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Qiang Leow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Hendrix CL, Srinivasan H, Feliciano I, Carré JM, Thomason ME. Fetal Hippocampal Connectivity Shows Dissociable Associations with Maternal Cortisol and Self-Reported Distress during Pregnancy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:943. [PMID: 35888033 PMCID: PMC9316091 DOI: 10.3390/life12070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress can shape long-term child neurodevelopment beginning in utero. One mechanism by which stress is transmitted from mothers to their offspring is via alterations in maternal cortisol, which can cross the placenta and bind to glucocorticoid receptor-rich regions in the fetal brain, such as the hippocampus. Although prior studies have demonstrated associations between maternal prenatal stress and cortisol levels with child brain development, we lack information about the extent to which these associations originate prior to birth and prior to confounding postnatal influences. Pregnant mothers (n = 77) completed questionnaires about current perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, provided three to four salivary cortisol samples, and completed a fetal resting-state functional MRI scan during their second or third trimester of pregnancy (mean gestational age = 32.8 weeks). Voxelwise seed-based connectivity analyses revealed that higher prenatal self-reported distress and higher maternal cortisol levels corresponded to dissociable differences in fetal hippocampal functional connectivity. Specifically, self-reported distress was correlated with increased positive functional coupling between the hippocampus and right posterior parietal association cortex, while higher maternal cortisol was associated with stronger positive hippocampal coupling with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, the association between maternal distress, but not maternal cortisol, on fetal hippocampal connectivity was moderated by fetal sex. These results suggest that prenatal stress and peripheral cortisol levels may shape fetal hippocampal development through unique mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Hendrix
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; (H.S.); (I.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; (H.S.); (I.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - Integra Feliciano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; (H.S.); (I.F.); (M.E.T.)
| | - Justin M. Carré
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada;
| | - Moriah E. Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; (H.S.); (I.F.); (M.E.T.)
- Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
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18
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Patel SJ, Liu N, Piaker S, Gulko A, Andrade ML, Heyward FD, Sermersheim T, Edinger N, Srinivasan H, Emont MP, Westcott GP, Luther J, Chung RT, Yan S, Kumari M, Thomas R, Deleye Y, Tchernof A, White PJ, Baselli GA, Meroni M, De Jesus DF, Ahmad R, Kulkarni RN, Valenti L, Tsai L, Rosen ED. Hepatic IRF3 fuels dysglycemia in obesity through direct regulation of Ppp2r1b. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabh3831. [PMID: 35320000 PMCID: PMC9162056 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has profound but poorly understood effects on metabolism, especially in the context of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we report that hepatic interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a direct transcriptional regulator of glucose homeostasis through induction of Ppp2r1b, a component of serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, and subsequent suppression of glucose production. Global ablation of IRF3 in mice on a high-fat diet protected against both steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas hepatocyte-specific loss of IRF3 affects only dysglycemia. Integration of the IRF3-dependent transcriptome and cistrome in mouse hepatocytes identifies Ppp2r1b as a direct IRF3 target responsible for mediating its metabolic actions on glucose homeostasis. IRF3-mediated induction of Ppp2r1b amplified PP2A activity, with subsequent dephosphorylation of AMPKα and AKT. Furthermore, suppression of hepatic Irf3 expression with antisense oligonucleotides reversed obesity-induced insulin resistance and restored glucose homeostasis in obese mice. Obese humans with NAFLD displayed enhanced activation of liver IRF3, with reversion after bariatric surgery. Hepatic PPP2R1B expression correlated with HgbA1C and was elevated in obese humans with impaired fasting glucose. We therefore identify the hepatic IRF3-PPP2R1B axis as a causal link between obesity-induced inflammation and dysglycemia and suggest an approach for limiting the metabolic dysfunction accompanying obesity-associated NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj J. Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Sam Piaker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maynara L. Andrade
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frankie D. Heyward
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Sermersheim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margo P. Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory P. Westcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jay Luther
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shuai Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Yann Deleye
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie and Pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval (IUCPQUL), Québec City, Canada
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guido A. Baselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Precision Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Precision Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Emont MP, Jacobs C, Essene AL, Pant D, Tenen D, Colleluori G, Di Vincenzo A, Jørgensen AM, Dashti H, Stefek A, McGonagle E, Strobel S, Laber S, Agrawal S, Westcott GP, Kar A, Veregge ML, Gulko A, Srinivasan H, Kramer Z, De Filippis E, Merkel E, Ducie J, Boyd CG, Gourash W, Courcoulas A, Lin SJ, Lee BT, Morris D, Tobias A, Khera AV, Claussnitzer M, Pers TH, Giordano A, Ashenberg O, Regev A, Tsai LT, Rosen ED. A single-cell atlas of human and mouse white adipose tissue. Nature 2022; 603:926-933. [PMID: 35296864 PMCID: PMC9504827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue, once regarded as morphologically and functionally bland, is now recognized to be dynamic, plastic and heterogenous, and is involved in a wide array of biological processes including energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid handling, blood pressure control and host defence1. High-fat feeding and other metabolic stressors cause marked changes in adipose morphology, physiology and cellular composition1, and alterations in adiposity are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes2. Here we provide detailed cellular atlases of human and mouse subcutaneous and visceral white fat at single-cell resolution across a range of body weight. We identify subpopulations of adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, vascular and immune cells and demonstrate commonalities and differences across species and dietary conditions. We link specific cell types to increased risk of metabolic disease and provide an initial blueprint for a comprehensive set of interactions between individual cell types in the adipose niche in leanness and obesity. These data comprise an extensive resource for the exploration of genes, traits and cell types in the function of white adipose tissue across species, depots and nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Jacobs
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam L Essene
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepti Pant
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Tenen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Vincenzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anja M Jørgensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hesam Dashti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Stefek
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Saaket Agrawal
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory P Westcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amrita Kar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Molly L Veregge
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Kramer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleanna De Filippis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Erin Merkel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Ducie
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher G Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Gourash
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anita Courcoulas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel J Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard T Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Morris
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Tobias
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linus T Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Babu PS, Srinivasan H, Dhandapani BS, Rose C. Wound healing and Metabolite Profiling in Collagen-Chitosan Biomaterial-treated Chronic Wounds of Hansen’s Disease Patients. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Impaired wound healing causes chronic ulcers in Hansen’s disease (HD) patients which are an unrecognized clinical manifestation and requires utmost care and attention for wound management. Collagen and chitosan biopolymers when synergistically combined produce a biologically active biomaterial for wound dressings. Hence, the aim was to prepare a collagen/chitosan (COL/CS) composite and characterize for wound healing potential in HD patients.
Place and Duration of Study: CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600021, Southern Railway Headquarters Hospital, Constable Road, Ayanavaram, Chennai 600023, and Gremaltes Hospital, India between June 2013 and July 2020.
Methodology: The HD wounds were measured by Planimetry in square cm and were also assessed for morphological structure of epidermis and collagen fiber arrangement by High Resolution- Scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). Proton Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) for metabolite identification was studied in blood plasma samples of unwounded, untreated and treated HD patients
Results: Size D (wound size on day of discharge) of the wounds were appreciably lower than Size 0 (wound size before biomaterial treatment) demonstrating efficient wound healing by the biomaterial. The morphological structure of the HD wounds showed healthy epidermal layer and thick fibers of collagen matrix in the treated wounds when compared to the controls. Key metabolites of metabolic pathways such as TCA cycle, creatine cycle and protein metabolism were identified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy
Conclusion: The COL/CS wound dressing is a promising biomaterial for management of chronic wounds in Hansen’s disease.
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21
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Babu PS, Srinivasan H, Dhandapani BS, Rose C. Collagen-Chitosan Composite Powder as a Novel Biomaterial for Chronic Wounds in Hansen Disease-A Clinical Study. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i49b33352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Natural biomaterials are more suitable than synthetic biomaterials for in vivo applications for treating damaged tissues. Collagen and chitosan are abundantly available natural biomaterials for wound dressings for tissue/wound repair. In this context, collagen-chitosan composite powder has been used to treat chronic wounds in Hansen disease (HD) patients.
Place and Duration of Study: CSIR Central Leather Research Institute, Sardar Patel Road, Adyar, Chennai 600021, Southern Railway Headquarters Hospital, Constable Road, Ayanavaram, Chennai 600023, and Gremaltes Hospital, India between June 2013 and July 2020.
Methodology: Collagen extracted from bovine rumen, a waste product of meat industry, and a commercially available chitosan were prepared as a composite powder (COL/CS) and applied to chronic wounds in HD patients after debridement and the wound contours were measured by planimetry. Biochemical parameters in blood samples were periodically assessed. Histopathology of wound tissue with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining was studied. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) levels before and after treatment were estimated.
Results: Wound healing of 64.2% was obtained with COL/CS treatment and formation of granulation cells was observed early. Hemogram studies have been reported in a regression model with 95% confidence intervals. Histopathology revealed dense collagen fibres and continuity of sub-epithelial layer on 8th day. MMP-9 levels showed collagen integrity after treatment.
Conclusion: The novel biocompatible, biodegradable COL/CS wound dressing is a promising biomaterial for management of chronic wounds in Hansen disease patients.
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Can the microscopic and macroscopic transport phenomena in deep eutectic solvents be reconciled? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22854-22873. [PMID: 34505589 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become ubiquitous in a variety of industrial and pharmaceutical applications since their discovery. However, the fundamental understanding of their physicochemical properties and their emergence from the microscopic features is still being explored fervently. Particularly, the knowledge of transport mechanisms in DESs is essential to tune their properties, which shall aid in expanding the territory of their applications. This perspective presents the current state of understanding of the bulk/macroscopic transport properties and microscopic relaxation processes in DESs. The dependence of these properties on the components and composition of the DES is explored, highlighting the role of hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) interactions. Modulation of these interactions by water and other additives, and their subsequent effect on the transport mechanisms, is also discussed. Various models (e.g. hole theory, free volume theory, etc.) have been proposed to explain the macroscopic transport phenomena from a microscopic origin. But the formation of H-bond networks and clusters in the DES reveals the insufficiency of these models, and establishes an antecedent for dynamic heterogeneity. Even significantly above the glass transition, the microscopic relaxation processes in DESs are rife with temporal and spatial heterogeneity, which causes a substantial decoupling between the viscosity and microscopic diffusion processes. However, we propose that a thorough understanding of the structural relaxation associated to the H-bond dynamics in DESs will provide the necessary framework to interpret the emergence of bulk transport properties from their microscopic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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23
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Mitra S. Water accelerates the hydrogen-bond dynamics and abates heterogeneity in deep eutectic solvent based on acetamide and lithium perchlorate. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:024505. [PMID: 34266283 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become a prevalent and promising medium in various industrial applications. The addition of water to DESs has attracted a lot of attention as a scheme to modulate their functionalities and improve their physicochemical properties. In this work, we study the effects of water on an acetamide based DES by probing its microscopic structure and dynamics using classical molecular dynamics simulation. It is observed that, at low water content, acetamide still remains the dominant solvate in the first solvation shell of lithium ions, however, beyond 10 wt. %, it is replaced by water. The increase in the water content in the solvent accelerates the H-bond dynamics by drastically decreasing the lifetimes of acetamide-lithium H-bond complexes. Additionally, water-lithium H-bond complexes are also found to form, with systematically longer lifetimes in comparison to acetamide-lithium complexes. Consequently, the diffusivity and ionic conductivity of all the species in the DES are found to increase substantially. Non-Gaussianity parameters for translational motions of acetamide and water in the DES show a conspicuous decrease with addition of water in the system. The signature of jump-like reorientation of acetamide is observed in the DES by quantifying the deviation from rotational Brownian motion. However, a notable decrease in the deviation is observed with an increase in the water content in the DES. This study demonstrates the intricate connection between H-bond dynamics and various microscopic dynamical parameters in the DES, by investigating the modulation of the former with addition of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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24
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Jayachandran J, Srinivasan H, Mani KP. Molecular mechanism involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:108984. [PMID: 34252392 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that plays an important role during embryonic development. During this process, the epithelial cells lose their polarity and acquire mesenchymal properties. In addition to embryonic development, EMT is also well-known to participate in tissue repair, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor metastasis. In the present review, we address the basics of epithelial to mesenchymal transition during both development and disease conditions and emphasize the role of various transcription factors and miRNAs involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- ASK-II, 212, Vascular Research Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- ASK-II, 212, Vascular Research Lab, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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25
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Sharma V, Srinivasan H, Mukhopadhyay R, Sakai VG, Mitra S. Microscopic insights on the structural and dynamical aspects of Imidazolium-based surface active ionic liquid micelles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Srinivasan H, Moseley A, Song C, Tansey M, Yoshigi M, Eaton D, Wynne B. Interleukin‐6 Mediated Regulation of ENaC via Time‐Dependent MAPK Family Activation. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.02462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Kaur B, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR, Sharma VK, Srinivasan H, Mitra S, Sharma A, Gawali SL, Hassan P. An investigation of morphological, microscopic dynamics, fluidity, and physicochemical variations in Cu-decorated metallosomes with cholesterol. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - V. K. Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - R. Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S. Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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29
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Sharma VK, Srinivasan H, García Sakai V, Mitra S. Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide, a surfactant model for the cell membrane: Importance of microscopic dynamics. Struct Dyn 2020; 7:051301. [PMID: 32984433 PMCID: PMC7511241 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipid membranes have recently attracted huge attention both from a fundamental point of view and due to their practical applications in drug delivery and gene therapy. The dynamical behavior of the lipids in the membrane is a key parameter controlling various physiological processes and drug release kinetics. Here, we review the dynamical and thermotropic phase behavior of an archetypal cationic lipid membrane, dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), as studied using neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. DODAB membranes exhibit interesting phase behavior, specifically showing coagel, gel, and fluid phases in addition to a large hysteresis when comparing heating and cooling cycles. The dynamics of the lipid membrane is strongly dependent on the physical state of the bilayer. Lateral diffusion of the lipids is faster, by an order of magnitude, in the fluid phase than in the ordered phase. It is not only the characteristic times but also the nature of the segmental motions that differ between the ordered and fluid phases. The effect of different membrane active molecules including drugs, stimulants, gemini surfactants, and unsaturated lipids, on the dynamical and thermotropic phase behavior of the DODAB membrane, is also discussed here. Various interesting features such as induced synchronous ordering between polar head groups and tails, sub diffusive behavior, etc., are observed. The results shed light on the interaction between these additives and the membrane, which is found to be a complex interplay between the physical state of the membrane, charge, concentration, molecular architecture of the additives, and their location within the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. K. Sharma
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: and . Phone: +91-22-25594604
| | | | - V. García Sakai
- ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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Eng CL, Yeong JP, Nguyen A, Guo AY, Tay B, Chang MM, Lim S, Chua CW, Srinivasan H, Kua LH, Lee FY, Macalinao DC, Aung T, Skanderup AJ, Lim TK, Tan IB, Koo SL. Abstract 3872: Spatial and multi-omics characterization of the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease, harboring tremendous differences in genetic mutations, gene expression pathways, and the tumor microenvironment. While there has been recent progress in understanding immune infiltration patterns in colorectal cancer, the majority of patients are thus far largely refractory to immunotherapy, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present a large-scale multi-omics analyses on 161 colorectal cancer tumors. More specifically, we aim to characterize the spatial and phenotypic profiles as well as the relationships between the different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment using multiplex immunohistochemistry.
Methods: Tissue microarrays were constructed, comprising the tumor core, close-to-edge, tumor edge, and adjacent normal tissues for each tumor. H&E and multiplex immunohistochemistry were performed by staining 7 markers (cytokeratin [CK], CD3, CD8, FOXP3, CD68, PD-L1 and DAPI). This allows for simultaneous detection of different cell populations, including CK+ epithelial cells, CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and FOXP3 regulatory T cells. Further complementing the study were whole genome sequencing to describe genetic mutations and tumor mutation burden, along with whole transcriptome sequencing to investigate differential gene expression and pathway enrichment. MSI status was determined from whole genome sequencing data, and molecular subtypes were called from RNA-sequencing data.
Results: Based upon spatial patterns of immune cell infiltration, we qualitatively and quantitatively describe several immune infiltration subtypes which were further correlated with tumor mutation burden and neoantigen burden, activation of major oncogenic pathways and inflammatory signatures. The density of immune cells varies across the different tumor sites, from the adjacent normal tissue into the tumor core. We have also uncovered interactions between the different cell populations within the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the integration of data from multiple platforms represents a comprehensive interrogation into the complex tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: There exists a substantial variability in the transcriptomic landscape and the immune infiltration patterns across different patients. This demonstrates the complex interplay between the different cell populations in the tumor microenvironment, representing the fine balance between immune activation and suppression.
Citation Format: Christine L. Eng, Joe P. Yeong, Andy Nguyen, Amanda Y. Guo, Brenda Tay, Mei Mei Chang, Sherlly Lim, Clarinda W. Chua, Harini Srinivasan, Lindsay H. Kua, Fiona Y. Lee, Dominique C. Macalinao, ThinZar Aung, Anders J. Skanderup, Tony K. Lim, Iain B. Tan, Si-Lin Koo. Spatial and multi-omics characterization of the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3872.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe P. Yeong
- 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | | | | | - Brenda Tay
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sherlly Lim
- 2Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iain B. Tan
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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Kua LH, Lee FY, Eng CL, Srinivasan H, Nahar R, Oh JH, Gunn NAL, Thng KX, Yong AS, Sim AC, Lim R, Boo N, Malik S, Wong MT, Tan TG, Ho SWS, Soh S, Lim WJ, Camat MD, Yeong JP, Chua CW, Leow WQ, DasGupta R, Koo SL, Hong L, Henry B, Lim TK, Tan IB. Abstract 3990: Tri-compartment (epithelial, immune, fibroblast) patient-derived models of the tumor microenvironment from an immuno-genomic profiled cohort of early stage colorectal cancers. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy has so far had limited success in colorectal cancer (CRC), with its efficacy restricted to a subset of microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) tumors. A comprehensive interrogation of the CRC tumor immune microenvironment (TME) is urgently needed. We present here an ongoing multi-platform study on early stage colon and rectal cancers, where immuno-genomic profiling of tumors and patient-derived cell models of tumor epithelia, cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) complement each other, with opportunities for mutual cross-validation between experimental and bioprofiling data.
Methods: At the time of writing, 21 of a planned 50 early stage CRC patients have been recruited. Surgically resected tumors are processed for 4 broad classes of analyses: 1) Bulk tissue profiling by RNA and whole exome sequencing; 2) High resolution protein and transcriptome analysis comprising scRNA-seq and flow cytometry/CyToF; 3) H&E analysis and multiplex immunohistochemistry for TME-specific proteins; 4) Culture of epithelial, fibroblast, and TIL lines, and generation of patient-derived xenografts for functional studies.
Results: Four tumors were MSI-H and 17 were microsatellite stable (MSS), with 1 POLE-mutant MSS patient harboring over 6000 mutations. Bulk genomics analysis revealed the most common mutations to be in TP53, APC, MUC17, and TGFBR2. The most frequently altered pathways were WNT, followed in order by p53, TGFβ, PI3K, and RAS-MAPK. scRNA-seq and flow cytometry/CyToF analyses are being performed to examine immune phenotypes, mediators of cell migration, and immune suppressive populations, which complement data on transcriptomic profile, histopathology, and spatial localization of TME cellular components. Of the 3 cultured cell types, 16 patients have lines of at least one cell compartment established in vitro. Characteristics of individual models will be reported at the meeting. Establishing the 3 cultured cell types from the same patient will enable us to develop an autologous patient-derived co-culture system to evaluate all 3 pairwise interactions, including TIL cytotoxicity toward epithelial cells, mutual modulation by fibroblast and epithelial cells in co-culture and their phenotypic alterations, and fibroblast regulation of TIL cytotoxic function. Autologous co-cultures with all 3 cell types are also planned.
Conclusions: The generation of well-annotated multi-platform profiling data from CRC tumors, complemented by matched tri-compartment patient-derived cell cultures, enables mutual cross-validation between experimental models of the TME and bioprofiling data.
Citation Format: Lindsay H. Kua, Fiona Y. Lee, Christine L. Eng, Harini Srinivasan, Rahul Nahar, Janice H. Oh, Nicole Ann L. Gunn, Kai Xian Thng, Ashley S. Yong, Adrian C. Sim, Rebecca Lim, Nicole Boo, Simeen Malik, Michael T. Wong, Tze Guan Tan, Shu Wen S. Ho, Shirleen Soh, Wan Jun Lim, Macalinao Dominique Camat, Joe P. Yeong, Clarinda W. Chua, Wei Qiang Leow, Ramanuj DasGupta, Si-Lin Koo, Lewis Hong, Brian Henry, Tony K. Lim, Iain B. Tan. Tri-compartment (epithelial, immune, fibroblast) patient-derived models of the tumor microenvironment from an immuno-genomic profiled cohort of early stage colorectal cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3990.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Y. Lee
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Rahul Nahar
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice H. Oh
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kai Xian Thng
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Rebecca Lim
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Boo
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simeen Malik
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tze Guan Tan
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shirleen Soh
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Jun Lim
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Joe P. Yeong
- 3Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Si-Lin Koo
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lewis Hong
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian Henry
- 2Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony K. Lim
- 3Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain B. Tan
- 1National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Srinivasan H, Sharma VK, Sakai VG, Embs JP, Mukhopadhyay R, Mitra S. Transport Mechanism of Acetamide in Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1509-1520. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V. K. Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V. García Sakai
- ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Didcot, U.K
| | - Jan P. Embs
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Swizerland
| | - R. Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - S. Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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33
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Shanmugam R, Zhang F, Srinivasan H, Charles Richard JL, Liu KI, Zhang X, Woo CWA, Chua ZHM, Buschdorf JP, Meaney MJ, Tan MH. SRSF9 selectively represses ADAR2-mediated editing of brain-specific sites in primates. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:7379-7395. [PMID: 29992293 PMCID: PMC6101530 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing displays diverse spatial patterns across different tissues. However, the human genome encodes only two catalytically active editing enzymes (ADAR1 and ADAR2), suggesting that other regulatory factors help shape the editing landscape. Here, we show that the splicing factor SRSF9 selectively controls the editing of many brain-specific sites in primates. SRSF9 is more lowly expressed in the brain than in non-brain tissues. Gene perturbation experiments and minigene analysis of candidate sites demonstrated that SRSF9 could robustly repress A-to-I editing by ADAR2. We found that SRSF9 biochemically interacted with ADAR2 in the nucleus via its RRM2 domain. This interaction required the presence of the RNA substrate and disrupted the formation of ADAR2 dimers. Transcriptome-wide location analysis and RNA sequencing revealed 1328 editing sites that are controlled directly by SRSF9. This regulon is significantly enriched for brain-specific sites. We further uncovered a novel motif in the ADAR2-dependent SRSF9 binding sites and provided evidence that the splicing factor prevents loss of cell viability by inhibiting ADAR2-mediated editing of genes involved in proteostasis, energy metabolism, the cell cycle and DNA repair. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of SRSF9 as an editing regulator and suggest potential roles for other splicing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuvaran Shanmugam
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Fan Zhang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Kaiwen I Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Cheok Wei A Woo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Zi Hao M Chua
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - Jan Paul Buschdorf
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal (Quebec) H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Meng How Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
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34
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Dubey PS, Sharma VK, Srinivasan H, Mitra S, Sakai VG, Mukhopadhyay R. Effects of NSAIDs on the Dynamics and Phase Behavior of DODAB Bilayers. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9962-9972. [PMID: 30351108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite well-known side effects, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide for their anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Here, we report the effects of two NSAIDs, aspirin and indomethacin, on the thermotropic phase behavior and the dynamics of a dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) lipid bilayer as studied using neutron scattering techniques. Elastic fixed window scans showed that the addition of aspirin and indomethacin affects the phase behavior of a DODAB bilayer in both heating and cooling cycles. Upon heating, there is a change in the coagel- to fluid-phase transition temperature from 327 K for pure DODAB bilayer to 321 and 323 K in the presence of aspirin and indomethacin, respectively. More strikingly, upon cooling, the addition of NSAIDs suppresses the formation of the intermediate gel phase observed in pure DODAB. The suppression of the gel phase on addition of the NSAIDs evidences the synchronous ordering of a lipid headgroup and chain. Analysis of quasi-elastic neutron scattering data showed that only localized internal motion exists in the coagel phase, whereas both internal and lateral motions exist in the fluid phase. The internal motion is described by a fractional uniaxial rotational diffusion model in the coagel phase and by a localized translation diffusion model in the fluid phase. In the coagel phase, the rotational diffusion coefficient of DODAB is found to be almost twice for the addition of the drugs, whereas the mobility fraction did not change for indomethacin but becomes twice for aspirin. In the fluid phase, the lateral motion, described well by a continuous diffusion model, is found to be slower by about ∼30% for indomethacin but almost no change for aspirin. For the internal motion, addition of aspirin leads to enhancement of the internal motion, whereas indomethacin did not show significant effect. This study shows that the effect of different NSAIDs on the dynamics of the lipid membrane is not the same; hence, one must consider these NSAIDs individually while studying their action mechanism on the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Dubey
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar , Mumbai 400094 , India
| | - V García Sakai
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0QX , U.K
| | - R Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute , Anushaktinagar , Mumbai 400094 , India
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35
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Wang Y, Liu KI, Sutrisnoh NAB, Srinivasan H, Zhang J, Li J, Zhang F, Lalith CRJ, Xing H, Shanmugam R, Foo JN, Yeo HT, Ooi KH, Bleckwehl T, Par YYR, Lee SM, Ismail NNB, Sanwari NAB, Lee STV, Lew J, Tan MH. Systematic evaluation of CRISPR-Cas systems reveals design principles for genome editing in human cells. Genome Biol 2018; 19:62. [PMID: 29843790 PMCID: PMC5972437 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While CRISPR-Cas systems hold tremendous potential for engineering the human genome, it is unclear how well each system performs against one another in both non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated and homology-directed repair (HDR)-mediated genome editing. RESULTS We systematically compare five different CRISPR-Cas systems in human cells by targeting 90 sites in genes with varying expression levels. For a fair comparison, we select sites that are either perfectly matched or have overlapping seed regions for Cas9 and Cpf1. Besides observing a trade-off between cleavage efficiency and target specificity for these natural endonucleases, we find that the editing activities of the smaller Cas9 enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) and Neisseria meningitidis (NmCas9) are less affected by gene expression than the other larger Cas proteins. Notably, the Cpf1 nucleases from Acidaminococcus sp. BV3L6 and Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND2006 (AsCpf1 and LbCpf1, respectively) are able to perform precise gene targeting efficiently across multiple genomic loci using single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) donor templates with homology arms as short as 17 nucleotides. Strikingly, the two Cpf1 nucleases exhibit a preference for ssODNs of the non-target strand sequence, while the popular Cas9 enzyme from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) exhibits a preference for ssODNs of the target strand sequence instead. Additionally, we find that the HDR efficiencies of Cpf1 and SpCas9 can be further improved by using asymmetric donors with longer arms 5' of the desired DNA changes. CONCLUSIONS Our work delineates design parameters for each CRISPR-Cas system and will serve as a useful reference for future genome engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Kaiwen Ivy Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Norfala-Aliah Binte Sutrisnoh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Junyi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Fan Zhang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | | | - Heyun Xing
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Raghuvaran Shanmugam
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Hwee Ting Yeo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kean Hean Ooi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Tore Bleckwehl
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yi Yun Rachel Par
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, 738964, Singapore
| | - Shi Mun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Binte Ismail
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, 599489, Singapore
| | - Nur Aidah Binti Sanwari
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, 599489, Singapore
| | - Si Ting Vanessa Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, 599489, Singapore
| | - Jan Lew
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- School of Life Sciences and Chemical Technology, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, 599489, Singapore
| | - Meng How Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
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36
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Sharma VK, Srinivasan H, Mitra S, Garcia-Sakai V, Mukhopadhyay R. Effects of Hydrotropic Salt on the Nanoscopic Dynamics of DTAB Micelles. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5562-5572. [PMID: 28493721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effects of a hydrotropic salt, sodium salicylate (NaSal), on the dynamic behavior of cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) micelles as studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) techniques are reported here. DLS study showed that the addition of NaSal leads to a decrease in the apparent diffusion coefficient of the whole micelle indicating micellar growth. QENS data analysis suggested that observed dynamics involves two distinct motions, lateral motion of the surfactant over the curved micellar surface and localized segmental motion of the surfactant. It is found that the addition of NaSal slows down the lateral motion of DTAB while the localized segmental motion of the DTAB chain is not affected much. An atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to gain further insight into the underlying phenomena. MD simulation results are found to be consistent with the experimental observations. MD simulation revealed that location of the salicylate ions on the micellar surface and their strong electrostatic association with their oppositely charged surfactant headgroup are the major factors in slowing down the lateral motion of the DTAB molecule. In the present work, a quantitative description of the effects of NaSal on the nanoscopic dynamics of DTAB micelles and its correlation with the microstructure of the micelle is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sharma
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
| | - H Srinivasan
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Mitra
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
| | - V Garcia-Sakai
- ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R Mukhopadhyay
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085, India
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37
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Suresh G, Srinivasan H, Nanda S, Priyakumar UD. Ligand-Induced Stabilization of a Duplex-like Architecture Is Crucial for the Switching Mechanism of the SAM-III Riboswitch. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3349-60. [PMID: 27249101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are structured RNA motifs that control gene expression by sensing the concentrations of specific metabolites and make up a promising new class of antibiotic targets. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)-III riboswitch, mainly found in lactic acid bacteria, is involved in regulating methionine and SAM biosynthetic pathways. SAM-III riboswitch regulates the gene expression by switching the translation process on and off with respect to the absence and presence of the SAM ligand, respectively. In this study, an attempt is made to understand the key conformational transitions involved in ligand binding using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed in an explicit solvent environment. G26 is found to recognize the SAM ligand by forming hydrogen bonds, whereas the absence of the ligand leads to opening of the binding pocket. Consistent with experimental results, the absence of the SAM ligand weakens the base pairing interactions between the nucleobases that are part of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) and anti-Shine-Dalgarno (aSD) sequences, which in turn facilitates recognition of the SD sequence by ribosomes. Detailed analysis reveals that a duplex-like structure formed by nucleotides from different parts of the RNA and the adenine base of the ligand is crucial for the stability of the completely folded state in the presence of the ligand. Previous experimental studies have shown that the SAM-III riboswitch exists in equilibrium between the unfolded and partially folded states in the absence of the ligand, which completely folds upon binding of the ligand. Comparison of the results presented here to the available experimental data indicates the structures obtained using the MD simulations resemble the partially folded state. Thus, this study provides a detailed understanding of the fully and partially folded structures of the SAM-III riboswitch in the presence and absence of the ligand, respectively. This study hypothesizes a dual role for the SAM ligand, which facilitates conformational switching between partially and fully folded states by forming a stable duplex-like structure and strengthening the interactions between SD and aSD nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorle Suresh
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - Shivani Nanda
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology , Hyderabad 500 032, India
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Bung N, Pradhan M, Srinivasan H, Bulusu G. Structural insights into E. coli porphobilinogen deaminase during synthesis and exit of 1-hydroxymethylbilane. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003484. [PMID: 24603363 PMCID: PMC3945110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) catalyzes the formation of 1-hydroxymethylbilane (HMB), a crucial intermediate in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, through a step-wise polymerization of four molecules of porphobilinogen (PBG), using a unique dipyrromethane (DPM) cofactor. Structural and biochemical studies have suggested residues with catalytic importance, but their specific role in the mechanism and the dynamic behavior of the protein with respect to the growing pyrrole chain remains unknown. Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein through the different stages of pyrrole chain elongation suggested that the compactness of the overall protein decreases progressively with addition of each pyrrole ring. Essential dynamics showed that domains move apart while the cofactor turn region moves towards the second domain, thus creating space for the pyrrole rings added at each stage. Residues of the flexible active site loop play a significant role in its modulation. Steered molecular dynamics was performed to predict the exit mechanism of HMB from PBGD at the end of the catalytic cycle. Based on the force profile and minimal structural changes the proposed path for the exit of HMB is through the space between the domains flanking the active site loop. Residues reported as catalytically important, also play an important role in the exit of HMB. Further, upon removal of HMB, the structure of PBGD gradually relaxes to resemble its initial stage structure, indicating its readiness to resume a new catalytic cycle. Heme is the prosthetic group at the core of the oxygen carrier metalloprotein hemoglobin. Heme consists of a tetrapyrrole called porphyrin bound to an iron ion. It is synthesized by the heme biosynthetic pathway, which is common to all eukaryotes and most prokaryotes. Porphobilinogen deaminase, an enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, catalyzes the formation of a linear tetrapyrrole product, 1-hydroxymethylbilane, from four units of porphobilinogen. In this study we carried out molecular dynamics simulations to understand the structural changes that the enzyme undergoes while catalyzing this reaction. There are three segments to the study: 1) understanding the changes in the enzyme when the porphobilinogen units get attached to the dipyrromethane cofactor, thereby forming a polypyrrole chain; 2) exit of the product from the active site of the enzyme via steered molecular dynamics; and 3) the relaxation of the enzyme to the initial stage to resume its catalytic cycle. Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein through the different stages of pyrrole chain elongation gives insight into the motions of domains, active site loop and role of conserved active site residues in facilitating the accommodation of the polypyrrole chain. In addition to this, we propose a possible exit path for the product and demonstrate the relaxation of the enzyme after the exit of the product to resume the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Bung
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Meenakshi Pradhan
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Bulusu
- TCS Innovation Labs-Hyderabad (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Oral verrucous carcinoma is a form of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by exophytic over growth. It is slow growing and locally invasive tumor occurring in 6 th and 7 th decade of life. Smoking and chewing tobacco is found to be the most common etiological factor of verrucous carcinoma although oral leukoplakia may act as a predisposing factor. This is a rare case of oral verrucous carcinoma seen in association with oral submucous fibrosis in a younger patient with long standing history of chewing tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pravda
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sathyabama Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India.
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Tan B, Bradshaw HB, Rimmerman N, Srinivasan H, Yu YW, Krey JF, Monn MF, Chen JSC, Hu SSJ, Pickens SR, Walker JM. Targeted lipidomics: discovery of new fatty acyl amides. AAPS J 2006; 8:E461-5. [PMID: 17025263 PMCID: PMC2761052 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj080354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous fatty acyl amides such as N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide), N-oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) as important signaling molecules in the central and peripheral nervous system has led us to pursue other unidentified signaling molecules. Until recently, technical challenges, particularly those associated with lipid purification and chemical analysis, have hindered the identification of low abundance signaling lipids. Improvements in chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) such as miniaturization of high-performance liquid chromatography components, hybridization of multistage mass spectrometers and time-of-flight technology, the development of electrospray ionization (ESI) and of information-dependent acquisition, now permit rapid identification of novel, low abundance, signaling lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Heather B. Bradshaw
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Neta Rimmerman
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Y. William Yu
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Jocelyn F. Krey
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - M. Francesca Monn
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Jay Shih-Chieh Chen
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Sherry Shu-Jung Hu
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - Sarah R. Pickens
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
| | - J. Michael Walker
- />Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
- />Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th, 47405 St. Bloomington, IN
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Srinivasan H. Algorithms as guides for the prevention of permanent nerve damage in leprosy patients. Indian J Lepr 2004; 76:321-30. [PMID: 16119142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The responsibility for treating leprosy patients is being passed on to the general medical and health care services, predominantly located in primary health care centres. It therefore becomes necessary for the staff of these services to have clear guidelines on what they should do to prevent permanent nerve damage and its consequences when they come across a leprosy patient with neuritis or nerve function deficit. Six algorithms to help achieve this purpose are presented in this article.
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Srinivasan H. Disabilities in leprosy--current situation and some suggestions. Indian J Lepr 2004; 76:164-5. [PMID: 15648430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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Srinivasan H. Understanding the hand: A paradigm for research as self-education. Indian J Plast Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1699024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Srinivasan H. Rehabilitation of leprosy-affected persons. Indian J Lepr 2003; 75:91-108. [PMID: 15255398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Srinivasan
- Central Leprosy Teaching & Research Institute, Chingleput, India
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Srinivasan H. Disability and rehabilitation in leprosy: issues and challenges. Indian J Lepr 2000; 72:317-37. [PMID: 11105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Srinivasan H. Guidelines for implementing a disability prevention programme in the field. National Leprosy Elimination Programme (NLEP). Indian J Lepr 1999; 71:539-612. [PMID: 10804982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Srinivasan H. Ocular morbidity in leprosy-affected persons. Indian J Lepr 1998; 70:1-4. [PMID: 9598399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Srinivasan H. Infected trophic ulcers and tenderness of posterior tibial nerve in cured leprosy patients. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1995; 63:291. [PMID: 7602225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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