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Jiang J, Hiron TK, Agbaedeng TA, Malhotra Y, Drydale E, Bancroft J, Ng E, Reschen ME, Davison LJ, O’Callaghan CA. A Novel Macrophage Subpopulation Conveys Increased Genetic Risk of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2024; 135:6-25. [PMID: 38747151 PMCID: PMC11191562 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death worldwide, is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Although over 250 genetic risk loci have been identified through genome-wide association studies, the specific causal variants and their regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown, particularly in disease-relevant cell types such as macrophages. METHODS We utilized single-cell RNA-seq and single-cell multiomics approaches in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages to explore the transcriptional regulatory network involved in a critical pathogenic event of coronary atherosclerosis-the formation of lipid-laden foam cells. The relative genetic contribution to CAD was assessed by partitioning disease heritability across different macrophage subpopulations. Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data sets from 38 human atherosclerotic samples was conducted to provide high-resolution cross-referencing to macrophage subpopulations in vivo. RESULTS We identified 18 782 cis-regulatory elements by jointly profiling the gene expression and chromatin accessibility of >5000 macrophages. Integration with CAD genome-wide association study data prioritized 121 CAD-related genetic variants and 56 candidate causal genes. We showed that CAD heritability was not uniformly distributed and was particularly enriched in the gene programs of a novel CD52-hi lipid-handling macrophage subpopulation. These CD52-hi macrophages displayed significantly less lipoprotein accumulation and were also found in human atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated the cis-regulatory effect of a risk variant rs10488763 on FDX1, implicating the recruitment of AP-1 and C/EBP-β in the causal mechanisms at this locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide genetic evidence of the divergent roles of macrophage subsets in atherogenesis and highlight lipid-handling macrophages as a key subpopulation through which genetic variants operate to influence disease. These findings provide an unbiased framework for functional fine-mapping of genome-wide association study results using single-cell multiomics and offer new insights into the genotype-environment interactions underlying atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas K. Hiron
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Agbaedeng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yashaswat Malhotra
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Drydale
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Bancroft
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Ng
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (E.N.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Reschen
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.E.R.)
| | - Lucy J. Davison
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom (L.J.D.)
| | - Chris A. O’Callaghan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics (J.J., T.K.H., T.A.A., Y.M., E.D., J.B., L.J.D., C.A.O.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Duc Nguyen H, Ardeshir A, Fonseca VA, Kim WK. Cluster of differentiation molecules in the metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119819. [PMID: 38901629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a significant public health concern due to its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other serious health conditions. Despite extensive research, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to MetS pathogenesis remain elusive. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms linking MetS and cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, which play critical roles in immune regulation and cellular signaling. Through an extensive literature review with a systematic approach, we examine the involvement of various CD markers in MetS development and progression, including their roles in adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting CD markers for the management of MetS. By synthesizing current evidence, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between immune dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction in MetS, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Duc Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, USA
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Vivian A Fonseca
- Department Endocrinology Metabolism & Diabetes, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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3
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Chen J, Liu S, Ruan Z, Wang K, Xi X, Mao J. Thrombotic events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and novel antithrombotic strategies to mitigate bleeding risk. Blood Rev 2024:101220. [PMID: 38876840 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy is expanding treatment options for cancer patients, the prognosis of advanced cancer remains poor, and these patients must contend with both cancers and cancer-related thrombotic events. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic thrombotic events. Given the fundamental role of platelets in atherothrombosis, co-administration of antiplatelet agents is always indicated. Platelets are also involved in all steps of cancer progression. Classical antithrombotic drugs can cause inevitable hemorrhagic side effects due to blocking integrin β3 bidirectional signaling, which regulates simultaneously thrombosis and hemostasis. Meanwhile, many promising new targets are emerging with minimal bleeding risk and desirable anti-tumor effects. This review will focus on the issue of thrombosis during immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and the role of platelet activation in cancer progression as well as explore the mechanisms by which novel antiplatelet therapies may exert both antithrombotic and antitumor effects without excessive bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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4
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Zhao S, Guo H, Qiu L, Zhong C, Xue J, Qin M, Zhang Y, Xu C, Xie Y, Yu J. Saponins from Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus attenuate atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12917. [PMID: 38839811 PMCID: PMC11153636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (AMB) is a traditional Chinese medicine with medicinal and food homology. AMB has various biological activities, including anti-coagulation, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. Saponins from Allium macrostemonis Bulbus (SAMB), the predominant beneficial compounds, also exhibited lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of SAMB on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the pharmacological impact of SAMB on atherosclerosis. In apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE-/-) mice with high-fat diet feeding, oral SAMB administration significantly attenuated inflammation and atherosclerosis plaque formation. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that SAMB effectively suppressed oxidized-LDL-induced foam cell formation by down-regulating CD36 expression, thereby inhibiting lipid endocytosis in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Additionally, SAMB effectively blocked LPS-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow-derived macrophages potentially through modulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, SAMB exhibits a potential anti-atherosclerotic effect by inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation. These findings provide novel insights into potential preventive and therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Zhao
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huijun Guo
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Xue
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Manman Qin
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yanfei Xie
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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5
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Brown TP, Santa DE, Berger BA, Kong L, Wittenberg NJ, Im W. CHARMM GUI Membrane Builder for oxidized phospholipid membrane modeling and simulation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 86:102813. [PMID: 38598982 PMCID: PMC11102286 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2024.102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress leads to the production of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) that modulate the biophysical properties of phospholipid monolayers and bilayers. As many immune cells are responsible for surveilling cells and tissues for the presence of oxPLs, oxPL-dependent mechanisms have been suggested as targets for treating chronic kidney disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer metastasis. This review details recent experimental and computational studies that characterize oxPLs' behaviors in various monolayers and bilayers. These studies investigate how the tail length and polar functional groups of OxPLs impact membrane properties, how oxidized membranes can be stabilized, and how membrane integrity is generally affected by oxidized lipids. In addition, for oxPL-containing membrane modeling and simulation, CHARMM-GUI Membrane Builder has been extended to support a variety of oxPLs, accelerating the simulation system building process for these biologically relevant lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turner P Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Dane E Santa
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Brett A Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Lingyang Kong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | | | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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6
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Yang Y, Liu X, Yang D, Li L, Li S, Lu S, Li N. Interplay of CD36, autophagy, and lipid metabolism: insights into cancer progression. Metabolism 2024; 155:155905. [PMID: 38548128 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
CD36, a scavenger receptor B2 that is dynamically distributed between cell membranes and organelle membranes, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism. Abnormal CD36 activity has been linked to a range of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. CD36 undergoes various modifications, including palmitoylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, which greatly affect its binding affinity to various ligands, thereby triggering and influencing various biological effects. In the context of tumors, CD36 interacts with autophagy to jointly regulate tumorigenesis, mainly by influencing the tumor microenvironment. The central role of CD36 in cellular lipid homeostasis and recent molecular insights into CD36 in tumor development indicate the applicability of CD36 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the diverse posttranslational modifications of CD36 and their respective roles in lipid metabolism. Additionally, we delve into recent research findings on CD36 in tumors, outlining ongoing drug development efforts targeting CD36 and potential strategies for future development and highlighting the interplay between CD36 and autophagy in the context of cancer. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the function of CD36 in both physiological and pathological processes, facilitating a more in-depth analysis of cancer progression and a better development and application of CD36-targeting drugs for tumor therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianhui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sheng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Wang J, Cao H, Yang H, Wang N, Weng Y, Luo H. The function of CD36 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413947. [PMID: 38881887 PMCID: PMC11176518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD36 is a scavenger receptor that has been reported to function as a signaling receptor that responds to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and could integrate metabolic pathways and cell signaling through its dual functions. Thereby influencing activation to regulate the immune response and immune cell differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that CD36 plays critical roles in the process of lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and immune process caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This review will comprehensively investigate CD36's functions in lipid uptake and processing, inflammatory response, immune response and therapeutic targets and biomarkers in the infection process of M. tuberculosis. The study also raised outstanding issues in this field to designate future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Safety, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou BOE Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, China
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8
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Li JN, Wang MY, Tan YR, Wang LL. Multidirectional Intervention of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Endothelial Protection to Immunomodulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:925-947. [PMID: 38798151 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. The occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to factors such as endothelial injury, lipid deposition, immunity, and inflammation. Conventional statins, currently used in atherosclerosis treatment, have numerous adverse side effects that limit their clinical utility, prompting the urgent need to identify safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Growing evidence indicates the significant potential of Chinese herbs in atherosclerosis treatment. Herbal monomer components, such as natural flavonoid compounds extracted from herbs like Coptis chinensis and Panax notoginseng, have been utilized for their lipid-lowering and inflammation-inhibiting effects in atherosclerosis treatment. These herbs can be used as single components in treating diseases and with other Chinese medicines to form herbal combinations. This approach targets the disease mechanism in multiple ways, enhancing the therapeutic effects. Thus, this review examines the roles of Chinese herbal medicine monomers and Chinese herbal compounds in inhibiting atherosclerosis, including regulating lipids, improving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, regulating inflammation and the immune response, and apoptosis. By highlighting these roles, our study offers new perspectives on atherosclerosis treatment with Chinese herbs and is anticipated to contribute to advancements in related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ni Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Rong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
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9
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Marasinghe CK, Yoon SD, Je JY. Two peptides LLRLTDL and GYALPCDCL inhibit foam cell formation through activating PPAR-γ/LXR-α signaling pathway in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38760074 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Foam cell formation plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular diseases. Bioactive peptides generated from marine sources have been found to provide multifunctional health advantages. In the present study, we investigated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of LLRLTDL (Bu1) and GYALPCDCL (Bu2) peptides, isolated from ark shell protein hydrolysates by assessing their inhibitory effect on oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced foam cell formation. The two peptides showed a promising anti-atherosclerotic effect by inhibiting foam cell formation, which was evidenced by inhibiting lipid accumulation in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages and oxLDL-treated primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Two peptides effectively reduced total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and triglyceride levels by upregulating cholesterol efflux and downregulating cholesterol influx. Expression of cholesterol influx-related proteins such as SR-A1 and CD36 were reduced, whereas cholesterol efflux-related proteins such as ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA-1 and ABCG-1 were highly expressed. In addition, Bu1 and Bu2 peptides increased PPAR-γ and LXR-α expression. However, PPAR-γ siRNA transfection reversed the foam cell formation inhibitory activity of Bu1 and Bu2 peptides. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of Bu1 and Bu2 peptides on foam cell formation inhibition was observed with PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones, indicating that PPAR-γ signaling pathway plays a key role in foam cell formation of macrophages. Beyond their impact on foam cell formation, Bu1 and Bu2 peptides demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide and NF-κB nuclear activation. Taken together, these results suggest that Bu1 and Bu2 peptides may be useful for atherosclerosis and associated anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon-Do Yoon
- Department of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Je
- Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Rokka S, Sadeghinejad M, Hudgins EC, Johnson EJ, Nguyen T, Fancher IS. Visceral adipose of obese mice inhibits endothelial inwardly rectifying K + channels in a CD36-dependent fashion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1543-C1555. [PMID: 38586877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity imposes deficits on adipose tissue and vascular endothelium, yet the role that distinct adipose depots play in mediating endothelial dysfunction in local arteries remains unresolved. We recently showed that obesity impairs endothelial Kir2.1 channels, mediators of nitric oxide production, in arteries of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while Kir2.1 function in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) endothelium remains intact. Therefore, we determined if VAT versus SAT from lean or diet-induced obese mice affected Kir2.1 channel function in vitro. We found that VAT from obese mice reduces Kir2.1 function without altering channel expression whereas AT from lean mice and SAT from obese mice had no effect on Kir2.1 function as compared to untreated control cells. As Kir2.1 is well known to be inhibited by fatty acid derivatives and obesity is strongly associated with elevated circulating fatty acids, we next tested the role of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in mediating VAT-induced Kir2.1 dysfunction. We found that the downregulation of CD36 restored Kir2.1 currents in endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice. In addition, endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice exhibited a significant increase in CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. The importance of CD36 in obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction of VAT arteries was further supported in ex vivo pressure myography studies where CD36 ablation rescued the endothelium-dependent response to flow via restoring Kir2.1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase function. These findings provide new insight into the role of VAT in mediating obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and suggest a novel role for CD36 as a mediator of endothelial Kir2.1 impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings suggest a role for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the dysfunction of endothelial Kir2.1 in obesity. We further reveal a role for CD36 as a major contributor to VAT-mediated Kir2.1 and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that CD36 offers a potential target for preventing the early development of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Rokka
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghinejad
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Emma C Hudgins
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Erica J Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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11
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Cauvi DM, Hawisher D, Derunes J, Rodriguez E, De Maio A. Membrane phospholipids activate the inflammatory response in macrophages by various mechanisms. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23619. [PMID: 38661031 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302471r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, which are small membrane-encapsulated particles derived from all cell types, are emerging as important mechanisms for intercellular communication. In addition, exosomes are currently envisioned as potential carriers for the delivery of drugs to target tissues. The natural population of exosomes is very variable due to the limited amount of cargo components present in these small vesicles. Consequently, common components of exosomes may play a role in their function. We have proposed that membrane phospholipids could be a common denominator in the effect of exosomes on cellular functions. In this regard, we have previously shown that liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylserine (PS) induced a robust alteration of macrophage (Mϕ) gene expression. We herewith report that these two phospholipids modulate gene expression in Mϕs by different mechanisms. PS alters cellular responses by the interaction with surface receptors, particularly CD36. In contrast, PC is captured by a receptor-independent process and likely triggers an activity within endocytic vesicles. Despite this difference in the capture mechanisms, both lipids mounted similar gene expression responses. This investigation suggests that multiple mechanisms mediated by membrane phospholipids could be participating in the alteration of cellular functions by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Cauvi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dennis Hawisher
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julia Derunes
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Enrique Rodriguez
- Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD Program), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Xu X, Qiu F, Yang M, Liu X, Tao S, Zheng B. Unveiling Atherosclerotic Plaque Heterogeneity and SPP1 +/VCAN + Macrophage Subtype Prognostic Significance Through Integrative Single-Cell and Bulk-Seq Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2399-2426. [PMID: 38681071 PMCID: PMC11055562 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated macrophages are important causes of Atherosclerosis (AS) formation and increased plaque instability, but the heterogeneity of these plaques and the role of macrophage subtypes in plaque instability have yet to be clarified. Methods This study integrates single-cell and bulk-seq data to analyze atherosclerotic plaques. Unsupervised clustering was used to reveal distinct plaque subtypes, while survival analysis and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) methods helped in understanding their clinical outcomes. Enrichment of differential expression of macrophage genes (DEMGs) score and pseudo-trajectory analysis were utilized to explore the biological functions and differentiation stages of macrophage subtypes in AS progression. Additionally, CellChat and the BayesPrism deconvolution method were used to elucidate macrophage subtype interaction and their prognostic significance at single-cell resolution. Finally, the expression of biomarkers was validated in mouse experiments. Results Three distinct AS plaque subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 plaque subtype being particularly associated with higher immune infiltration and poorer prognosis. The DEMGs score exhibited a significant elevation in three macrophage subtypes (SPP1+/VCAN+ macrophages, IL1B+ macrophages, and FLT3LG+ macrophages), associated with cluster 3 plaque subtype and highlighted the prognostic significance of these subtypes. Activation trajectory of the macrophage subtypes is divided into three states (Pre-branch, Cell fate 1, and Cell fate 2), and Cell fate 2 (SPP1+/VCAN+ macrophages, IL1B+ macrophages, and FLT3LG+ macrophages dominant) exhibiting the highest DEMGs score, distinct interactions with other cell components, and relating to poorer prognosis of ischemic events. This study also uncovered a unique SPP1+/VCAN+ macrophage subtype, rare in quantity but significant in influencing AS progression. Machine learning algorithms identified 10 biomarkers crucial for AS diagnosis. The validation of these biomarkers was performed using Mendelian Randomization analysis and in vitro methods, supporting their relevance in AS pathology. Conclusion Our study provides a comprehensive view of AS plaque heterogeneity and the prognostic significance of macrophage subtypes in plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuling Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Medicine, Dali University, Dali City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siming Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Houbaert D, Nikolakopoulos AP, Jacobs KA, Meçe O, Roels J, Shankar G, Agrawal M, More S, Ganne M, Rillaerts K, Boon L, Swoboda M, Nobis M, Mourao L, Bosisio F, Vandamme N, Bergers G, Scheele CLGJ, Agostinis P. An autophagy program that promotes T cell egress from the lymph node controls responses to immune checkpoint blockade. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114020. [PMID: 38554280 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of the lymph node (LN) parenchyma orchestrate leukocyte trafficking and peripheral T cell dynamics. T cell responses to immunotherapy largely rely on peripheral T cell recruitment in tumors. Yet, a systematic and molecular understanding of how LECs within the LNs control T cell dynamics under steady-state and tumor-bearing conditions is lacking. Intravital imaging combined with immune phenotyping shows that LEC-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg5 alters intranodal positioning of lymphocytes and accrues their persistence in the LNs by increasing the availability of the main egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate. Single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor-draining LNs shows that loss of ATG5 remodels niche-specific LEC phenotypes involved in molecular pathways regulating lymphocyte trafficking and LEC-T cell interactions. Functionally, loss of LEC autophagy prevents recruitment of tumor-infiltrating T and natural killer cells and abrogates response to immunotherapy. Thus, an LEC-autophagy program boosts immune-checkpoint responses by guiding systemic T cell dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Houbaert
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Apostolos Panagiotis Nikolakopoulos
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Intravital Microscopy and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn A Jacobs
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Odeta Meçe
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Roels
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; VIB Single Cell Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gautam Shankar
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanket More
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ganne
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristine Rillaerts
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Magdalena Swoboda
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Max Nobis
- Intravital Imaging Expertise Center, VIB-CCB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Larissa Mourao
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Intravital Microscopy and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Bosisio
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; VIB Single Cell Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Colinda L G J Scheele
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Intravital Microscopy and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research (CCB), Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang S, Min X, Hu L, Zheng M, Lu S, Zhao M, Jia S. RFX1 regulates foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by mediating CD36 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111751. [PMID: 38402833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis (AS) is a continuously low-grade inflammatory disease, and monocyte-derived macrophages play a vital role in AS pathogenesis. Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) has been reported to participate in differentiation of various cells. Our previous report showed that RFX1 expression in CD14+ monocytes from AS patients was decreased and closely related to AS development. Macrophages mostly derive from monocytes and play an important role in AS plaque formation and stability. However, the functions of RFX1 in the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and consequent AS development are unclear. METHODS We explored the effects of RFX1 on oxidation low lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated foam cell formation and CD36 expression by increasing or silencing Rfx1 expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMAs). The ApoE-/-Rfx1f/f or ApoE-/-Rfx1f/f Lyz2-Cre mice fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks were used to further examine the effect of RFX1 on AS pathogenesis. We then performed dual luciferase reporter assays to study the regulation of RFX1 for CD36 transcription. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that RFX1 expression was significantly reduced in ox-LDL induced foam cells and negatively correlated with lipid uptake in macrophages. Besides, Rfx1 deficiency in myeloid cells aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistically, RFX1 inhibited CD36 expression by directly regulating CD36 transcription in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of RFX1 expression in macrophages is a vital determinant for foam cell formation and the initiation of AS, proving a potential novel approach for the treatment of AS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Ma C, Li Y, Tian M, Deng Q, Qin X, Lu H, Gao J, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Zhang M, Bu P, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang W. Gsα Regulates Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2024; 134:e34-e51. [PMID: 38375634 PMCID: PMC10978275 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cardiovascular pathologies are induced by signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors via Gsα (G protein stimulatory α subunit) proteins. However, the specific cellular mechanisms that are driven by Gsα and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis remain unclear. METHODS High-throughput screening involving data from single-cell and bulk sequencing were used to explore the expression of Gsα in atherosclerosis. The differentially expression and activity of Gsα were analyzed by immunofluorescence and cAMP measurements. Macrophage-specific Gsα knockout (Mac-GsαKO) mice were generated to study the effect on atherosclerosis. The role of Gsα was determined by transplanting bone marrow and performing assays for foam cell formation, Dil-ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) uptake, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS ScRNA-seq showed elevated Gnas in atherosclerotic mouse aorta's cholesterol metabolism macrophage cluster, while bulk sequencing confirmed increased GNAS expression in human plaque macrophage content. A significant upregulation of Gsα and active Gsα occurred in macrophages from human and mouse plaques. Ox-LDL could translocate Gsα from macrophage lipid rafts in short-term and promote Gnas transcription through ERK1/2 activation and C/EBPβ phosphorylation via oxidative stress in long-term. Atherosclerotic lesions from Mac-GsαKO mice displayed decreased lipid deposition compared with those from control mice. Additionally, Gsα deficiency alleviated lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, Gsα increased the levels of cAMP and transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element binding protein, which resulted in increased expression of CD36 and SR-A1. In the translational experiments, inhibiting Gsα activation with suramin or cpGN13 reduced lipid uptake, foam cell formation, and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Gsα activation is enhanced during atherosclerotic progression and increases lipid uptake and foam cell formation. The genetic or chemical inactivation of Gsα inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that drugs targeting Gsα may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Lee S. Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peili Bu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hua W, Peng L, Chen XM, Jiang X, Hu J, Jiang XH, Xiang X, Wan J, Long Y, Xiong J, Ma X, Du X. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240918. [PMID: 38584832 PMCID: PMC10996993 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism disorders lead to lipotoxicity. The hyperlipidemia-induced early stage of renal injury mainly manifests as podocyte damage. CD36 mediates fatty acid uptake and the subsequent accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites, resulting in podocyte lipotoxicity. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the normal control group and the high-fat diet group (HFD). Podocytes were cultured and treated with palmitic acid (PA) and sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO). Protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Boron-dipyrromethene staining and Oil Red O staining was used to analyze fatty acid accumulation. Results Podocyte foot process (FP) effacement and marked proteinuria occurred in the HFD group. CD36 protein expression was upregulated in the HFD group and in PA-treated podocytes. PA-treated podocytes showed increased fatty acid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. However, pretreatment with the CD36 inhibitor SSO decreased lipid accumulation and ROS production and alleviated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytes. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suppressed PA-induced podocyte FP effacement and ROS generation. Conclusions CD36 participated in fatty acid-induced FP effacement in podocytes via oxidative stress, and CD36 inhibitors may be helpful for early treatment of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Lan Peng
- Basic Department, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing401331, China
| | - Xue-mei Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400042, China
| | - XuShun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400042, China
| | - JianGuo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Hong Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Xu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Jiangmin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing401420, China
| | - Yingfei Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | | | - Xueyi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing 400042, China
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Hirata Y, Mishima E. Membrane Dynamics and Cation Handling in Ferroptosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:73-87. [PMID: 38193763 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death hallmarked by excessive lipid peroxidation, is implicated in various (patho)physiological contexts. During ferroptosis, lipid peroxidation leads to a diverse change in membrane properties and the dysregulation of ion homeostasis via the cation channels, ultimately resulting in plasma membrane rupture. This review illuminates cellular membrane dynamics and cation handling in ferroptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eikan Mishima
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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18
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Abstract
CD36 (also known as platelet glycoprotein IV) is expressed by a variety of different cell entities, where it possesses functions as a signaling receptor, but additionally acts as a transporter for long-chain fatty acids. This dual function of CD36 has been investigated for its relevance in immune and nonimmune cells. Although CD36 was first identified on platelets, the understanding of the role of CD36 in platelet biology remained scarce for decades. In the past few years, several discoveries have shed a new light on the CD36 signaling activity in platelets. Notably, CD36 has been recognized as a sensor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the circulation that mitigates the threshold for platelet activation under conditions of dyslipidemia. Thus, platelet CD36 transduces atherogenic lipid stress into an increased risk for thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The underlying pathways that are affected by CD36 are the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and simultaneously the induction of activatory signaling events. Furthermore, thrombospondin-1 secreted by activated platelets binds to CD36 and furthers paracrine platelet activation. CD36 also serves as a binding hub for different coagulation factors and, thus, contributes to the plasmatic coagulation cascade. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on platelet CD36 and presents CD36 as a relevant target for the prevention of thrombotic events for dyslipidemic individuals with an elevated risk for thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bendas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
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Solanki K, Bezsonov E, Orekhov A, Parihar SP, Vaja S, White FA, Obukhov AG, Baig MS. Effect of reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species on signaling pathways in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107282. [PMID: 38325566 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which fats, lipids, cholesterol, calcium, proliferating smooth muscle cells, and immune cells accumulate in the intima of the large arteries, forming atherosclerotic plaques. A complex interplay of various vascular and immune cells takes place during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Multiple reports indicate that tight control of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS) production is critical for maintaining vascular health. Unrestricted ROS and RNS generation may lead to activation of various inflammatory signaling pathways, facilitating atherosclerosis. Given these deleterious consequences, it is important to understand how ROS and RNS affect the signaling processes involved in atherogenesis. Conversely, RSS appears to exhibit an atheroprotective potential and can alleviate the deleterious effects of ROS and RNS. Herein, we review the literature describing the effects of ROS, RNS, and RSS on vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages and focus on how changes in their production affect the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This review also discusses the contribution of ROS, RNS, and RSS in mediating various post-translational modifications, such as oxidation, nitrosylation, and sulfation, of the molecules involved in inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Solanki
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Evgeny Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology and General Genetics, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; The Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Turgenev State University of Orel, Orel, Russia
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shivani Vaja
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
| | - Fletcher A White
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India.
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Nègre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R. Reactive Carbonyl Species and Protein Lipoxidation in Atherogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:232. [PMID: 38397830 PMCID: PMC10886358 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease of medium and large arteries, characterized by the presence of lipid-rich plaques lining the intima over time. It is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases and death worldwide. Redox imbalance and lipid peroxidation could play key roles in atherosclerosis by promoting a bundle of responses, including endothelial activation, inflammation, and foam cell formation. The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids generates various lipid oxidation products such as reactive carbonyl species (RCS), including 4-hydroxy alkenals, malondialdehyde, and acrolein. RCS covalently bind to nucleophilic groups of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and proteins, modifying their structure and activity and leading to their progressive dysfunction. Protein lipoxidation is the non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins by RCS. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and apolipoprotein B (apoB) modification by RCS play a major role in foam cell formation. Moreover, oxidized LDLs are a source of RCS, which form adducts on a huge number of proteins, depending on oxidative stress intensity, the nature of targets, and the availability of detoxifying systems. Many systems are affected by lipoxidation, including extracellular matrix components, membranes, cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, and other components. The mechanisms involved in lipoxidation-induced vascular dysfunction are not fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on protein lipoxidation during atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), 1297 Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rangueil—BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert Salvayre
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), 1297 Toulouse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Rangueil—BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France
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21
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Alcazar O, Chuang ST, Ren G, Ogihara M, Webb-Robertson BJM, Nakayasu ES, Buchwald P, Abdulreda MH. A Composite Biomarker Signature of Type 1 Diabetes Risk Identified via Augmentation of Parallel Multi-Omics Data from a Small Cohort. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579673. [PMID: 38405796 PMCID: PMC10888829 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of early pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are crucial to enable effective prevention measures in at-risk populations before significant damage occurs to their insulin producing beta-cell mass. We recently introduced the concept of integrated parallel multi-omics and employed a novel data augmentation approach which identified promising candidate biomarkers from a small cohort of high-risk T1D subjects. We now validate selected biomarkers to generate a potential composite signature of T1D risk. Methods Twelve candidate biomarkers, which were identified in the augmented data and selected based on their fold-change relative to healthy controls and cross-reference to proteomics data previously obtained in the expansive TEDDY and DAISY cohorts, were measured in the original samples by ELISA. Results All 12 biomarkers had established connections with lipid/lipoprotein metabolism, immune function, inflammation, and diabetes, but only 7 were found to be markedly changed in the high-risk subjects compared to the healthy controls: ApoC1 and PON1 were reduced while CETP, CD36, FGFR1, IGHM, PCSK9, SOD1, and VCAM1 were elevated. Conclusions Results further highlight the promise of our data augmentation approach in unmasking important patterns and pathologically significant features in parallel multi-omics datasets obtained from small sample cohorts to facilitate the identification of promising candidate T1D biomarkers for downstream validation. They also support the potential utility of a composite biomarker signature of T1D risk characterized by the changes in the above markers.
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22
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Gauvin J, Huynh DN, Dubuc I, Lê C, Tugores R, Flamand N, Flamand L, Lubell WD, Ong H, Marleau S. Pharmacological targeting of the hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice using a cluster of differentiation 36 receptor modulator. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1303342. [PMID: 38384295 PMCID: PMC10879382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The scientific and medical community faced an unprecedented global health hazard that led to nearly 7 million deaths attributable to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In spite of the development of efficient vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, many people remain at risk of developing severe symptoms as the virus continues to spread without beneficial patient therapy. The hyper-inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome remains an unmet medical need for improving patient care. The viral infection stimulates alveolar macrophages to adopt an inflammatory phenotype regulated, at least in part, by the cluster of differentiation 36 receptor (CD36) to produce unrestrained inflammatory cytokine secretions. We suggest herein that the modulation of the macrophage response using the synthetic CD36 ligand hexarelin offers potential as therapy for halting respiratory failure in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Gauvin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David N. Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Dubuc
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Lê
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafaela Tugores
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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23
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Liu H, Guo W, Wang T, Cao P, Zou T, Peng Y, Yan T, Liao C, Li Q, Duan Y, Han J, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhao D, Yang X. CD36 inhibition reduces non-small-cell lung cancer development through AKT-mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:10. [PMID: 38319449 PMCID: PMC10847192 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is caused by multiple factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). CD36, a fatty acid receptor, is closely associated with metabolism-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the role of CD36 in HFD-accelerated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In vivo, we fed C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and CD36 knockout (CD36-/-) mice normal chow or HFD in the presence or absence of pitavastatin 2 weeks before subcutaneous injection of LLC1 cells. In vitro, A549 and NCI-H520 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs) to mimic HFD situation for exploration the underlying mechanisms. We found that HFD promoted LLC1 tumor growth in vivo and that FFAs increased cell proliferation and migration in A549 and NCI-H520 cells. The enhanced cell or tumor growth was inhibited by the lipid-lowering agent pitavastatin, which reduced lipid accumulation. More importantly, we found that plasma soluble CD36 (sCD36) levels were higher in NSCLC patients than those in healthy ones. Compared to that in WT mice, the proliferation of LLC1 cells in CD36-/- mice was largely suppressed, which was further repressed by pitavastatin in HFD group. At the molecular level, we found that CD36 inhibition, either with pitavastatin or plasmid, reduced proliferation- and migration-related protein expression through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of CD36 expression by pitavastatin or other inhibitors may be a viable strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wentong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peichang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tingfeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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24
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Woon CK, Omar E, Siew SF, Nawawi HM, Kasim NAM, Chainchel Singh MK. The effect of post-mortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) on biomarkers of coronary artery disease. J Forensic Leg Med 2024; 102:102654. [PMID: 38310784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2024.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is due to build-up of plaque within the coronary arteries. Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) allows non or minimally invasive visualization of abnormalities prior to an autopsy, however PMCT-angiography (PMCTA) greatly enhances relevant findings, especially in viewing the cardiovascular system which is important in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis. Contrast media used in PMCTA however has been reported to cause distortion of tissue which may interfere with post-mortem investigation outcomes. A cross sectional study to investigate the effect of PMCTA on tissue biomarkers in coronary arteries was performed involving cases brought in dead to the Institute and Accident and Emergency Unit. Sixty-three autopsy cases were included in this study, whereby 18 cases underwent PMCT while 45 cases underwent PMCTA. The subjects subsequently had a conventional autopsy where coronary artery sections were collected for standard histological examination and immunohistochemistry examination for endothelial inflammatory (CD36), prothrombogenic (TPA) and plaque stability (MMP-9) markers. The subjects consisted of 55 males and 8 females with a mean age ±SD of 49 ± 18.11 years. There were no significant differences in the coronary artery endothelial expression of CD36, MMP-9 and TPA between PMCT and PMCTA subjects. PMCTA does not alter CD36, TPA and MMP-9 markers supporting the safe use of PMCTA in post-mortem examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Effat Omar
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheue Feng Siew
- National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hapizah M Nawawi
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Alicezah M Kasim
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mansharan Kaur Chainchel Singh
- Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; National Institute of Forensic Medicine (IPFN), Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50586, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Radiology, Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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25
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Ravi S, Martin LC, Krishnan M, Kumaresan M, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Interactions between macrophage membrane and lipid mediators during cardiovascular diseases with the implications of scavenger receptors. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105362. [PMID: 38006924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases with the major underlying cause being atherosclerosis, occur during chronic inflammatory persistence in the vascular system, especially within the arterial wall. Such prolonged maladaptive inflammation is driven by macrophages and their key mediators are generally attributed to a disparity in lipid metabolism. Macrophages are the primary cells of innate immunity, endowed with expansive membrane domains involved in immune responses with their signalling systems. During atherosclerosis, the membrane domains and receptors control various active organisations of macrophages. Their scavenger/endocytic receptors regulate the trafficking of intracellular and extracellular cargo. Corresponding influence on lipid metabolism is mediated by their dynamic interaction with scavenger membrane receptors and their integrated mechanisms such as pinocytosis, phagocytosis, cholesterol export/import, etc. This interaction not only results in the functional differentiation of macrophages but also modifies their structural configurations. Here, we reviewed the association of macrophage membrane biomechanics and their scavenger receptor families with lipid metabolites during the event of atherogenesis. In addition, the membrane structure of macrophages and the signalling pathways involved in endocytosis integrated with lipid metabolism are detailed. This article establishes future insights into the scavenger receptors as potential targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Manikandan Kumaresan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai 600 015, India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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26
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Niu Y, Chen SJ, Klauda JB. Simulations of naïve and KLA-activated macrophage plasma membrane models. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184242. [PMID: 37866689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (MAs), which play vital roles in human immune responses and lipid metabolisms, are implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, the abnormal lipid metabolism of oxidized low-density lipids (oxLDLs) in MAs is believed to be a crucial factor. However, the precise mechanism by which the MA membrane contributes to this altered lipid metabolism remains unclear. Lipidomic studies have revealed significant differences in membrane composition between various MA phenotypes. This study serves to provide and characterize complex realistic computational models for naïve (M0) and Kdo2-lipid A-activated (M1) state MA. Analyses of surface area per lipid (SA/lip), area compressibility modulus (KA), carbon‑hydrogen order parameter (SCH), electron density profile (EDP), tilt angles, two-dimension radial distribution functions (2D RDFs), mean squared displacement (MSD), hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), lipid clustering, and lipid wobble were conducted for both models. Results indicate that the M1 state MA membrane is more tightly packed, with increased chain order across lipid species, and forms PSM-DOPG-CHOL and PSM-SLPC-CHOL clusters. Importantly, the bilayer thicknesses reported for the models are in good agreement with experimental data for the thicknesses of transmembrane regions for MA integral proteins. These findings validate the described models as physiologically accurate for future computational studies of MA membranes and their residing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqi Niu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Si Jia Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Physical Science and Technology, Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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27
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Karki P, Li Y, Zhang CO, Ke Y, Promnares K, Birukova AA, Eggerman TL, Bocharov AV, Birukov KG. Amphipathic Helical Peptide L37pA Protects against Lung Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by Truncated Oxidized Phospholipids via Antagonism with CD36 Receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:11-25. [PMID: 37725486 PMCID: PMC10768836 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0127oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of bioactive truncated oxidized phospholipids (Tr-OxPLs) from oxidation of cell-membrane or circulating lipoproteins is a common feature of various pathological states. Scavenger receptor CD36 is involved in lipid transport and acts as a receptor for Tr-OxPLs. Interestingly, Tr-OxPLs and CD36 are involved in endothelial dysfunction-derived acute lung injury, but the precise mechanistic connections remain unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the role of CD36 in mediating pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction caused by Tr-OxPLs. Our results demonstrated that the Tr-OxPLs KOdia-PC, Paz-PC, PGPC, PON-PC, POV-PC, and lysophosphocholine caused an acute EC barrier disruption as revealed by measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance and VE-cadherin immunostaining. More importantly, a synthetic amphipathic helical peptide, L37pA, targeting human CD36 strongly attenuated Tr-OxPL-induced EC permeability. L37pA also suppressed Tr-OxPL-induced endothelial inflammatory activation monitored by mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. In addition, L37pA blocked Tr-OxPL-induced NF-κB activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of Src kinase and VE-cadherin. The Src inhibitor SU6656 attenuated KOdia-PC-induced EC permeability and inflammation, but inhibition of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 had no such protective effects. CD36-knockout mice were more resistant to Tr-OxPL-induced lung injury. Treatment with L37pA was equally effective in ameliorating Tr-OxPL-induced vascular leak and lung inflammation as determined by an Evans blue extravasation assay and total cell and protein content in BAL fluid. Altogether, these results demonstrate an essential role of CD36 in mediating Tr-OxPL-induced EC dysfunction and suggest a strong therapeutic potential of CD36 inhibitory peptides in mitigating lung injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yue Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kamoltip Promnares
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna A. Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Thomas L. Eggerman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, and
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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28
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Wen SY, Zhi X, Liu HX, Wang X, Chen YY, Wang L. Is the suppression of CD36 a promising way for atherosclerosis therapy? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115965. [PMID: 38043719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology of many cardiovascular diseases and is marked by plaque formation in the artery wall. It has posed a serious threat to the health of people all over the world. CD36 acts as a significant regulator of lipid homeostasis, which is closely associated with the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and may be a new therapeutic target. The abnormal overexpression of CD36 facilitates lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, inflammation, endothelial apoptosis, and thrombosis. Numerous natural products and lipid-lowering agents are found to target the suppression of CD36 or inhibit the upregulation of CD36 to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. Here, the structure, expression regulation and function of CD36 in atherosclerosis and its related pharmacological therapies are reviewed. This review highlights the importance of drugs targeting CD36 suppression in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, in order to develop new therapeutic strategies and potential anti-atherosclerotic drugs both preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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29
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Wang H, Wang L, Liu Y, Men W, Hao W, Fang C, Li C, Zhang L. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220757. [PMID: 38196515 PMCID: PMC10775171 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence has proved that intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and rupture might be closely related to inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of CD36 and glutathione (GSH) as biomarkers for IA. In this study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the plasma levels of CD36 and GSH in 30 IA patients and 30 healthy controls. Then, correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and logistic regression analysis were performed. The results showed that the plasma level of CD36 in IA patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.0001), and plasma GSH was significantly lower compared with that in the control group (P < 0.0001). ROC analysis showed that CD36 and GSH had high sensitivity (90.0 and 96.6%) and specificity (96.6 and 86.6%) for IA diagnosis. The combined sensitivity and specificity achieved were 100 and 100%, respectively. The plasma levels of CD36 and GSH did not show a significant correlation with age, the Glasgow Coma Scale, Hunter-Hess score, aneurysm size, aneurysm height, aneurysm neck, and aspect ratio. The AUC of the logistic regression model based on CD36 and GSH was 0.505. Our results suggested that the combination of plasma CD36 and GSH could serve as potential biomarkers for IA rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weidong Men
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wanjiao Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
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Batten L, Sathyapalan T, Palmer TM. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Diabetes with Increased Risk of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17465. [PMID: 38139295 PMCID: PMC10744197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about mechanisms linking poor glycaemic control with increased thrombotic risk. The leading causes of death in people with diabetes are strokes and cardiovascular disease. Significant morbidity is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, resulting in myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, along with the sequelae of these events, including loss of functional ability, heart failure, and amputations. While the increased platelet activity, pro-coagulability, and endothelial dysfunction directly impact this risk, the molecular mechanisms linking poor glycaemic control with increased thrombotic risk remain unclear. This review highlights the complex mechanisms underlying thrombosis prevalence in individuals with diabetes and hyperglycaemia. Post-translational modifications, such as O-GlcNAcylation, play a crucial role in controlling protein function in diabetes. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation remains poorly understood due to its intricate regulation and the potential involvement of multiple variables. Further research is needed to determine the precise impact of O-GlcNAcylation on specific disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Batten
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Timothy M. Palmer
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
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Lyu Q, Peng M, Chen Q, Ji X, Wang Z, Li Q, Zhang Z, Luo Z, Yin Y, Su P, Santoso S, Wang J. Frequency and molecular basis of CD36 deficiency among platelet donors in Kunming, China. Platelets 2023; 34:2176168. [PMID: 36813737 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2176168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional receptor expressed on the surface of many cell types. Among healthy individuals, CD36 may be absent on platelets and monocytes (type I deficiency) or platelets alone (type II deficiency). However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying CD36 deficiency remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify individuals with CD36 deficiency and investigate the molecular basis underlying it. Blood samples were collected from platelet donors at Kunming Blood Center. Platelets and monocytes were isolated and CD36-expression levels were analyzed using flow cytometry. DNA from whole blood and mRNA isolated from monocytes and platelets of individuals with CD36 deficiency were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. Among the 418 blood donors,7 (1.68%) were CD36 deficient: 1 (0.24%) with type I deficiency and 6(1.44%) with type II deficiency. Six heterozygous mutations occurred, including c.268C>T (in type I individuals), c.120 + 1 G>T, c.268C>T, c.329_330del/AC, c.1156 C>T, c.1163A>C, and c.1228_1239del/ATTGTGCCTATT (in type II individuals). Mutations were not detected in one type II individual . At the cDNA level, only mutant, but not wild-type, transcripts were detected in the platelets and monocytes of type I individual. In type II individuals, only mutant transcripts were found in platelets, whereas monocytes possessed wild-type and mutant transcripts. Interestingly, only alternative splicing transcripts were observed in the individual without mutation. We report the incidence rates of type I and II CD36 deficiencies among platelet donors in Kunming. Molecular genetic analyses of DNA and cDNA demonstrated that homozygous mutations on the cDNA level in platelets and monocytes or platelets alone identified type I and II deficiencies, respectively. Furthermore, alternatively spliced products also potentially contribute to the mechanism of CD36 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilu Lyu
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mozhen Peng
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Li
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yonghua Yin
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pincan Su
- Transfusion Medicine Research Department, Yunnan Kunming Blood Center, Kunming, China
| | - Sentot Santoso
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jue Wang
- Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Transfusion Adverse Reactions, CAMS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Cheng J, Huang H, Chen Y, Wu R. Nanomedicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304294. [PMID: 37897322 PMCID: PMC10754137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
With the changing disease spectrum, atherosclerosis has become increasingly prevalent worldwide and the associated diseases have emerged as the leading cause of death. Due to their fascinating physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, nanomaterials are regarded as a promising tool to tackle enormous challenges in medicine. The emerging discipline of nanomedicine has filled a huge application gap in the atherosclerotic field, ushering a new generation of diagnosis and treatment strategies. Herein, based on the essential pathogenic contributors of atherogenesis, as well as the distinct composition/structural characteristics, synthesis strategies, and surface design of nanoplatforms, the three major application branches (nanodiagnosis, nanotherapy, and nanotheranostic) of nanomedicine in atherosclerosis are elaborated. Then, state-of-art studies containing a sequence of representative and significant achievements are summarized in detail with an emphasis on the intrinsic interaction/relationship between nanomedicines and atherosclerosis. Particularly, attention is paid to the biosafety of nanomedicines, which aims to pave the way for future clinical translation of this burgeoning field. Finally, this comprehensive review is concluded by proposing unresolved key scientific issues and sharing the vision and expectation for the future, fully elucidating the closed loop from atherogenesis to the application paradigm of nanomedicines for advancing the early achievement of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Cheng
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai UniversityWenzhouZhejiang325088P. R. China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of UltrasoundShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080P. R. China
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Okuyama S, Sumi M, Ishikawa R, Shishido T, Koyama D, Ueki T, Takahashi D, Kobayashi H, Kobayashi H, Tsuno NH. Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with type I CD36 deficiency: a case study and literature review. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:656-660. [PMID: 37490235 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD36-deficient individuals may produce anti-CD36 antibodies through antigenic exposure to CD36, in situations including blood transfusions. Therefore, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from CD36-positive donors to CD36-negative patients remains a challenge. CASE REPORT A 64-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia became refractory to platelet transfusions during chemotherapy. Anti-CD36 antibodies without anti-HLA antibodies were detected in serum, and the absence of CD36 expression on platelets and monocytes confirmed type I CD36 deficiency. The patient achieved complete remission, and received maintenance therapy with CD36-negative platelet transfusions. However, he relapsed soon afterward, and thus underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from a CD36-positive unrelated donor. The anti-CD36 antibody titer had decreased before the transplant, and the PBSCT-course was uneventful. The patient has been well without any complications associated with CD36 status mismatch. DISCUSSION The few reports of allogeneic HSCT in patients with CD36 deficiency have suggested that anti-CD36 antibodies could be involved in several post-transplant complications, such as delayed platelet recovery, transfusion refractoriness, and transfusion-related acute lung injury. Our present case confirmed that stem cell transplantation from CD36-positive donors to negative patients is feasible, when it includes careful prior assessment of anti-CD36 antibody titers and interventions to attenuate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Okuyama
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
- Department of Hematology, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800 Aoyagi, Yamagata-Shi, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Sumi
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryuto Ishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shishido
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyama
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Ueki
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Laboratory Department, Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nelson Hirokazu Tsuno
- Laboratory Department, Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Hao T, Fang W, Xu D, Chen Q, Liu Q, Cui K, Cao X, Li Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Phosphatidylethanolamine alleviates OX-LDL-induced macrophage inflammation by upregulating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:402-417. [PMID: 37660837 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL)-induced inflammation and autophagy dysregulation are important events in the progression of atherosclerosis. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), a multifunctional phospholipid that is enriched in cells, has been proven to be directly involved in autophagy which is closely associated with inflammation. However, whether PE can influence OX-LDL-induced autophagy dysregulation and inflammation has not been reported. In the present study, we revealed that OX-LDL significantly induced macrophage inflammation through the CD36-NLRP1-caspase-1 signaling pathway in fish. Meanwhile, cellular PE levels were significantly decreased in response to OX-LDL induction. Based on the relationship between PE and autophagy, we then examined the effect of PE supplementation on OX-LDL-mediated autophagy impairment and inflammation induction in macrophages. As expected, exogenous PE restored impaired autophagy and alleviated inflammation in OX-LDL-stimulated cells. Notably, autophagy inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effect of PE on OX-LDL-induced maturation of IL-1β, indicating that the regulation of PE on OX-LDL-induced inflammation is dependent on autophagy. Furthermore, the positive effect of PE on OX-LDL-induced inflammation was relatively conserved in mouse and fish macrophages. In conclusion, we elucidated the role of the CD36-NLRP1-caspase-1 signaling pathway in OX-LDL-induced inflammation in fish and revealed for the first time that altering PE abundance in OX-LDL-treated cells could alleviate inflammasome-mediated inflammation by inducing autophagy. Given the relationship between OX-LDL-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis, this study prompts that the use of PE-rich foods promises to be a new strategy for atherosclerosis treatment in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangde Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, 266003, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Song S, Druschel LN, Chan ER, Capadona JR. Differential expression of genes involved in the chronic response to intracortical microelectrodes. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:348-362. [PMID: 37507031 PMCID: PMC10528922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Brain-Machine Interface systems (BMIs) are clinically valuable devices that can provide functional restoration for patients with spinal cord injury or improved integration for patients requiring prostheses. Intracortical microelectrodes can record neuronal action potentials at a resolution necessary for precisely controlling BMIs. However, intracortical microelectrodes have a demonstrated history of progressive decline in the recording performance with time, inhibiting their usefulness. One major contributor to decreased performance is the neuroinflammatory response to the implanted microelectrodes. The neuroinflammatory response can lead to neurodegeneration and the formation of a glial scar at the implant site. Historically, histological imaging of relatively few known cellular and protein markers has characterized the neuroinflammatory response to implanted microelectrode arrays. However, neuroinflammation requires many molecular players to coordinate the response - meaning traditional methods could result in an incomplete understanding. Taking advantage of recent advancements in tools to characterize the relative or absolute DNA/RNA expression levels, a few groups have begun to explore gene expression at the microelectrode-tissue interface. We have utilized a custom panel of ∼813 neuroinflammatory-specific genes developed with NanoString for bulk tissue analysis at the microelectrode-tissue interface. Our previous studies characterized the acute innate immune response to intracortical microelectrodes. Here we investigated the gene expression at the microelectrode-tissue interface in wild-type (WT) mice chronically implanted with nonfunctioning probes. We found 28 differentially expressed genes at chronic time points (4WK, 8WK, and 16WK), many in the complement and extracellular matrix system. Further, the expression levels were relatively stable over time. Genes identified here represent chronic molecular players at the microelectrode implant sites and potential therapeutic targets for the long-term integration of microelectrodes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Intracortical microelectrodes can record neuronal action potentials at a resolution necessary for the precise control of Brain-Machine Interface systems (BMIs). However, intracortical microelectrodes have a demonstrated history of progressive declines in the recording performance with time, inhibiting their usefulness. One major contributor to the decline in these devices is the neuroinflammatory response against the implanted microelectrodes. Historically, neuroinflammation to implanted microelectrode arrays has been characterized by histological imaging of relatively few known cellular and protein markers. Few studies have begun to develop a more in-depth understanding of the molecular pathways facilitating device-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we are among the first to identify genetic pathways that could represent targets to improve the host response to intracortical microelectrodes, and ultimately device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Lindsey N Druschel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - E Ricky Chan
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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Rajkov B, Zdravković M, Ninić A, Brajković M, Klašnja S, Gardijan V, Memon L, Munjas J, Mihajlović M, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Radosavljević V, Sopić M. Upregulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells resistin gene expression in severe obstructive sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea with coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:2031-2039. [PMID: 36917442 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterised by increased systemic inflammation, and is often accompanied with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate gene expression of resistin, its receptor CAP1 and CD36 as the indicators of the inflammatory changes in PBMCs in relation to the severity of OSA, and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in OSA. METHODS Severity of OSA was defined by the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI): AHI < 30: mild to moderate OSA (MM-OSA), AHI ≥ 30: severe OSA (S-OSA). Presence of T2DM was captured: OSA with T2DM (OSA + T2DM), OSA without T2DM (OSA-T2DM). PBMC resistin, CAP1, and CD36 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Resistin mRNA was significantly upregulated in S-OSA (N = 54) compared to the MM-OSA (N = 52, P = 0.043); CAP1 and CD36 mRNA levels did not differ between the groups (P = 0.302; P = 0.166, respectively). Resistin mRNA was significantly upregulated in OSA + T2DM (N = 29) compared to the OSA-T2DM (N = 77, P = 0.029); CAP1 and CD36 mRNA levels did not differ between the groups (P = 0.662; P = 0.108, respectively). AHI and T2DM were independent predictors of resistin mRNA above the 75th percentile (OR = 3.717 [1.152-11.991]; OR = 3.261 [1.000-10.630], P = 0.042 respectively). CONCLUSION Resistin gene upregulation in S-OSA indicates its possible contribution to increased inflammation in S-OSA and makes it a possible marker of the disease severity. Resistin gene upregulation in OSA + T2DM suggests that a joint effect of these two comorbidities may have a major contribution to increased inflammation and complications that arise from this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Rajkov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravković
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ninić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Brajković
- Department of Pulmology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Gardijan
- Department of Pulmology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Memon
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Munjas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Mihajlović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Miron Sopić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Tang Y, Qian C, Zhou Y, Yu C, Song M, Zhang T, Min X, Wang A, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Activated platelets facilitate hematogenous metastasis of breast cancer by modulating the PDGFR-β/COX-2 axis. iScience 2023; 26:107704. [PMID: 37680480 PMCID: PMC10480622 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets have been widely recognized as a bona fide mediator of malignant diseases, and they play significant roles in influencing various aspects of tumor progression. Paracrine interactions between platelets and tumor cells have been implicated in promoting the dissemination of malignant cells to distant sites. However, the underlying mechanisms of the platelet-tumor cell interactions for promoting hematogenous metastasis are not yet fully understood. We found that activated platelets with high expression of CD36 were prone to release a plethora of growth factors and cytokines, including high levels of PDGF-B, compared to resting platelets. PDGF-B activated the PDGFR-β/COX-2 signaling cascade, which elevated an array of pro-inflammatory factors levels, thereby aggravating tumor metastasis. The collective administration of CD36 inhibitor and COX-2 inhibitor resolved the interactions between platelets and tumor cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that targeting the crosstalk between platelets and tumor cells offers potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuewen Min
- Department of Outpatient, Jurong People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Chen R, Huang M, Xu P. Polyphosphate as an antithrombotic target and hemostatic agent. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7855-7872. [PMID: 37534776 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (PolyP) is a polymer comprised of linear phosphate units connected by phosphate anhydride bonds. PolyP exists in a diverse range of eukaryotes and prokaryotes with varied chain lengths ranging from six to thousands of phosphate units. Upon activation, human platelets and neutrophils release short-chain PolyP, along with other components, to initiate the coagulation pathway. Long-chain PolyP derived from cellular or bacterial organelles exhibits higher proinflammatory and procoagulant effects compared to short-chain PolyP. Notably, PolyP has been identified as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target since neutralizing plasma PolyP suppresses the thrombotic process without impairing the hemostatic functions. As an inorganic polymer without uniform steric configuration, PolyP is typically targeted by cationic polymers or recombinant polyphosphatases rather than conventional antibodies, small-molecule compounds, or peptides. Additionally, because of its procoagulant property, PolyP has been incorporated in wound-dressing materials to facilitate blood hemostasis. This review summarizes current studies on PolyP as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target and the development of hemostatic materials based on PolyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
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Poledniczek M, Neumayer C, Kopp CW, Schlager O, Gremmel T, Jozkowicz A, Gschwandtner ME, Koppensteiner R, Wadowski PP. Micro- and Macrovascular Effects of Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease-Pathophysiology and Translational Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2284. [PMID: 37626780 PMCID: PMC10452462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. On the molecular level, inflammatory pathways negatively impact endothelial barrier properties and thus, tissue homeostasis. Conformational changes and destruction of the glycocalyx further promote pro-inflammatory pathways also contributing to pro-coagulability and a prothrombotic state. In addition, changes in the extracellular matrix composition lead to (peri-)vascular remodelling and alterations of the vessel wall, e.g., aneurysm formation. Moreover, progressive fibrosis leads to reduced tissue perfusion due to loss of functional capillaries. The present review aims at discussing the molecular and clinical effects of inflammatory processes on the micro- and macrovasculature with a focus on peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Oliver Schlager
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michael E. Gschwandtner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
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Li J, Xu J, Zhang W, Li P, Zhang W, Wang H, Tang B. Detection and Imaging of Active Substances in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions Using Fluorescent Probes. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300105. [PMID: 36898970 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a vascular disease caused by chronic inflammation and lipids that is the main cause of myocardial infarction, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is often difficult to detect in its early stages due to the absence of clinically significant vascular stenosis. This is not conducive to early intervention or treatment of the disease. Over the past decade, researchers have developed various imaging methods for the detection and imaging of atherosclerosis. At the same time, more and more biomarkers are being found that can be used as targets for detecting atherosclerosis. Therefore, the development of a variety of imaging methods and a variety of targeted imaging probes is an important project to achieve early assessment and treatment of atherosclerosis. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the optical probes used to detect and target atherosclerosis imaging in recent years, and describes the current challenges and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for, Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
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Al-Rashed F, Haddad D, Al Madhoun A, Sindhu S, Jacob T, Kochumon S, Obeid LM, Al-Mulla F, Hannun YA, Ahmad R. ACSL1 is a key regulator of inflammatory and macrophage foaming induced by short-term palmitate exposure or acute high-fat feeding. iScience 2023; 26:107145. [PMID: 37416456 PMCID: PMC10320618 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Foamy and inflammatory macrophages play pathogenic roles in metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms that promote foamy and inflammatory macrophage phenotypes under acute-high-fat feeding (AHFF) remain elusive. Herein, we investigated the role of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSL1) in favoring the foamy/inflammatory phenotype of monocytes/macrophages upon short-term exposure to palmitate or AHFF. Palmitate exposure induced a foamy/inflammatory phenotype in macrophages which was associated with increased ACSL1 expression. Inhibition/knockdown of ACSL1 in macrophages suppressed the foamy/inflammatory phenotype through the inhibition of the CD36-FABP4-p38-PPARδ signaling axis. ACSL1 inhibition/knockdown suppressed macrophage foaming/inflammation after palmitate stimulation by downregulating the FABP4 expression. Similar results were obtained using primary human monocytes. As expected, oral administration of ACSL1 inhibitor triacsin-C in mice before AHFF normalized the inflammatory/foamy phenotype of the circulatory monocytes by suppressing FABP4 expression. Our results reveal that targeting ACSL1 leads to the attenuation of the CD36-FABP4-p38-PPARδ signaling axis, providing a therapeutic strategy to prevent the AHFF-induced macrophage foaming and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Sardar Sindhu
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Texy Jacob
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Shihab Kochumon
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology & Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Dasman 15462, Kuwait
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Ferrant J, Pontis A, Zimmermann F, Dingli F, Poullet P, Loew D, Tarte K, Dumontet E. Phenotypic and proteomic analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles highlights them as potential biomarkers of primary Sjögren syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207545. [PMID: 37529039 PMCID: PMC10388367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SjS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the exocrine gland epithelia, causing a dryness of mucosa called sicca symptoms, and whose main life-threatening complication is lymphoma. There is a need for new biomarkers in this disease, notably diagnostic biomarkers for patients with genuine sicca symptoms that do not meet current criteria, and prognostic biomarkers for patients at risk of lymphoma. Plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarker candidates in several diseases, but their potential has not yet been explored in SjS. In this proof-of-concept study, we characterized EVs from primary SjS patients (pSS, n=12) at the phenotypic and proteomic levels, compared to EVs from healthy donor (HD, n=8) and systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE, n=12). Specific plasma EVs subpopulations, derived from neutrophils, endothelial, and epithelial cells, were found increased in pSS. We also identified a pSS proteomic signature in plasma EVs, including neutrophil-, epithelial-, and endothelial-related proteins, such as integrin alpha M (ITGAM), olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), Ras-related protein RAB10, and CD36. Overall, our results support the relevance of plasma EVs as biomarkers in SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Ferrant
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Adeline Pontis
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - François Zimmermann
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Poullet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, Mines Paris Tech, Bioinformatics core facility (CUBIC), Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, Paris, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Dumontet
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- UMR, Université Rennes, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
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Zhu A, Pei D, Zong Y, Fan Y, Wei S, Xing Z, Song S, Wang X, Gao X. Comprehensive analysis to identify a novel diagnostic marker of lung adenocarcinoma and its immune infiltration landscape. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1199608. [PMID: 37409245 PMCID: PMC10319060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1199608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer continues to be a problem faced by all of humanity. It is the cancer with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world, and the most common histological type of lung cancer is lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), accounting for about 40% of lung malignant tumors. This study was conducted to discuss and explore the immune-related biomarkers and pathways during the development and progression of LUAD and their relationship with immunocyte infiltration. Methods The cohorts of data used in this study were downloaded from the Gene Expression Complex (GEO) database and the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. Through the analysis of differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO), selecting the module with the highest correlation with LUAD progression, and then the HUB gene was further determined. The Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were then used to study the function of these genes. Single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) analysis was used to investigate the penetration of 28 immunocytes and their relationship with HUB genes. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate these HUB genes accurately to diagnose LUAD. In addition, additional cohorts were used for external validation. Based on the TCGA database, the effect of the HUB genes on the prognosis of LUAD patients was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curve. The mRNA levels of some HUB genes in cancer cells and normal cells were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results The turquoise module with the highest correlation with LUAD was identified among the seven modules obtained with WGCNA. Three hundred fifty-four differential genes were chosen. After LASSO analysis, 12 HUB genes were chosen as candidate biomarkers for LUAD expression. According to the immune infiltration results, CD4 + T cells, B cells, and NK cells were high in LUAD sample tissue. The ROC curve showed that all 12 HUB genes had a high diagnostic value. Finally, the functional enrichment analysis suggested that the HUB gene is mainly related to inflammatory and immune responses. According to the RT-qPCR study, we found that the expression of DPYSL2, OCIAD2, and FABP4 in A549 was higher than BEAS-2B. The expression content of DPYSL2 was lower in H1299 than in BEAS-2B. However, the expression difference of FABP4 and OCIAD2 genes in H1299 lung cancer cells was insignificant, but both showed a trend of increase. Conclusions The mechanism of LUAD pathogenesis and progression is closely linked to T cells, B cells, and monocytes. 12 HUB genes(ADAMTS8, CD36, DPYSL2, FABP4, FGFR4, HBA2, OCIAD2, PARP1, PLEKHH2, STX11, TCF21, TNNC1) may participate in the progression of LUAD via immune-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankang Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongchen Pei
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Fan
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhisong Xing
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuailin Song
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingcai Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Xu H, Wang W, Ouyang H, Zhang X, Miao X, Feng J, Tao Y, Li Y. Expression profiling and antibacterial analysis of cd36 in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108901. [PMID: 37321429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cd36 is classified as a class B scavenger receptor and has also been identified as a pattern recognition receptor. In this study, we investigated the genomic structure and molecular characteristics of cd36 in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), examined its tissue distribution, and evaluated its antibacterial activity. Genomic structure analysis showed that Sccd36 consists of 12 exons and 11 introns. Sequencing analysis confirmed that the open reading frame of Sccd36 contains 1410 bp, encoding 469 amino acids. Sccd36 is deeply conserved with other vertebrates in terms of genomic structure, gene loci and molecular evolution, and the feature of two transmembrane was observed in ScCd36 through structural prediction. Sccd36 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested, with the strongest expression in the intestine, followed by the heart and the kidney. Dramatic changes of Sccd36 mRNA were detected in mucosal tissues, including the intestine, gill and skin, when stimulated by the microbial ligands lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. In addition, ScCd36 was identified as having strong binding ability to microbial ligands and antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and the gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus lactis. Furthermore, we verified that the genetic ablation of cd36 impaired the resistance of fish to bacterial challenge by using zebrafish cd36 knockout line. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ScCd36 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response of mandarin fish against bacterial infections. This also sets the stage for further exploration into the antibacterial function of Cd36 in lower vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huaxin Ouyang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaomin Miao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jingyun Feng
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yixi Tao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Zbesko JC, Stokes J, Becktel DA, Doyle KP. Targeting foam cell formation to improve recovery from ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106130. [PMID: 37068641 PMCID: PMC10993857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial part of the healing process after an ischemic stroke and is required to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the inflammatory response to stroke also worsens neurodegeneration and creates a tissue environment that is unfavorable to regeneration for several months, thereby postponing recovery. In animal models, inflammation can also contribute to the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Myeloid cells that take on a foamy appearance are one of the most prominent immune cell types within chronic stroke infarcts. Emerging evidence indicates that they form as a result of mechanisms of myelin lipid clearance becoming overwhelmed, and that they are a key driver of the chronic inflammatory response to stroke. Therefore, targeting lipid accumulation in foam cells may be a promising strategy for improving recovery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding inflammation and foam cell formation in the brain in the weeks and months following ischemic stroke and identify targets that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychology, Arizona Center on Aging, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States.
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Duan J, Huang Z, Nice EC, Xie N, Chen M, Huang C. Current advancements and future perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in lipid metabolism and signaling. J Adv Res 2023; 48:105-123. [PMID: 35973552 PMCID: PMC10248733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of lncRNAs has provided a novel perspective for elucidating mechanisms underlying diverse physiological and pathological processes. Compelling evidence has revealed an intrinsic link between lncRNAs and lipid metabolism, demonstrating that lncRNAs-induced disruption of lipid metabolism and signaling contribute to the development of multiple cancers and some other diseases, including obesity, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. AIMOF REVIEW The current review summarizes the recent advances in basic research about lipid metabolism and lipid signaling-related lncRNAs. Meanwhile, the potential and challenges of targeting lncRNA for the therapy of cancers and other lipid metabolism-related diseases are also discussed. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF REVIEW Compared with the substantial number of lncRNA loci, we still know little about the role of lncRNAs in metabolism. A more comprehensive understanding of the function and mechanism of lncRNAs may provide a new standpoint for the study of lipid metabolism and signaling. Developing lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches is an effective strategy for lipid metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 430079 Wuhan, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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DESAKI YUYA, KANAMARU YUTAKA, MONTEIRO RENATO, SUZUKI YUSUKE. Fcα Receptor Type I and Its Association with Atherosclerosis Development. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI = JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 69:231-239. [PMID: 38855431 PMCID: PMC11153080 DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj23-0003-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and local inflammation, which are regulated by the immune system. The immunological aspects of this disease are unclear. Immunoglobulin A regulates many cell responses through interactions with Fcα receptor type I (FcαRI). Anti-FcαRI antibody inhibits activating receptors by inducing an inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif configuration. However, the role of FcαRI in atherosclerosis development is unclear. Here, we investigated the utility of FcαRI targeting to induce inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling in atherosclerosis treatment. Materials ApoE-/- transgenic mice expressing the FcαRIR209L/FcRγ chimeric protein (FcαRIR209L/FcRγApoE-/- mice) were generated. We prepared an FcαRIR209L/FcRγ transfectant (I3D) from a mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). Methods Anti-FcαRI or control antibody was used to investigate a high-fat-diet-induced FcαRIR209L/FcRγApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. The antibody was also used to assess macrophage foam cell formation via Oil Red O staining and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling via immunoblotting in the FcαRIR209L/FcRγ-expressing RAW264.7 macrophage cell line I3D. Results Targeting of monovalent FcαRI induced inhibitory effects in the FcαRIR209L/FcRγApoE-/- mouse model of atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage infiltration. FcαRI targeting using the anti-FcαRI antibody also reduced mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and foam cell formation, leading to decreased interleukin (IL)-1b and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Conclusions We demonstrated that targeting monovalent FcαRI suppresses atherosclerosis development. These findings can support the future clinical exploration of FcαRI targeting for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - YUSUKE SUZUKI
- Corresponding author: Yusuke Suzuki, Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan, TEL: +81-3-5802-1591 FAX: +81-3-3813-5512 E-mail:
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Xu H, She P, Zhao Z, Ma B, Li G, Wang Y. Duplex Responsive Nanoplatform with Cascade Targeting for Atherosclerosis Photoacoustic Diagnosis and Multichannel Combination Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300439. [PMID: 36828777 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The culprits of atherosclerosis are endothelial damage, local disorders of lipid metabolism, and progressive inflammation. Early atherosclerosis is typically difficult to diagnose in time due to the lack of obvious symptoms, thus missing the best period of treatment. In this work, a π-conjugated polymer (PMeTPP-MBT) based on 3,6-bis(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione is designed as a novel photoacoustic contrast agent. On this basis, an intelligent responsive theranostic nanoplatform (PA/ASePSD) combining astaxanthin and SS-31 peptide and loading with PMeTPP-MBT is developed. The high affinity between the dextran shell with the broken endothelial surface VCAM-1 and CD44 confers active targeting of PA/ASePSD to atherosclerotic lesions. High levels of ROS in the acidic plaque microenvironment act as an intelligent cascade switch to achieve controlled release of astaxanthin, SS-31 peptide, and PMeTPP-MBT for non-invasive photoacoustic diagnosis, as well as plaque inhibition mediated by anti-inflammation and multichannel regulation (including ABCA1, ABCG1, CD36, and LOX-1) of lipid metabolism. Both in vitro and in vivo evaluations confirm the impressive anti-atherosclerotic capability and the accurate photoacoustic diagnosis of PA/ASePSD nanoparticles, thus promising a candidate for early-stage atherosclerosis theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan university, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Peiyi She
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan university, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan university, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Boxuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan university, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan university, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wang Z, Wang P, Zhang M, Shen M, Bao Y, Li D. Sulforaphane Inhibits Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis via Mechanisms Involving the Modulation of Macrophage Cholesterol Transport and the Related Phenotype. Nutrients 2023; 15:2117. [PMID: 37432260 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, is one of the major dietary phytochemicals found in cruciferous vegetables. Many studies suggest that SFN can protect against cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the proposed systemic and local vascular protective mechanisms, SFN's potential to inhibit atherogenesis by targeting macrophages remains unknown. In this study, in high fat diet fed ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, oral SFN treatment improved dyslipidemia and inhibited atherosclerotic plaque formation and the unstable phenotype, as demonstrated by reductions in the lesion areas in both the aortic sinus and whole aorta, percentages of necrotic cores, vascular macrophage infiltration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In THP-1-derived macrophages, preadministration SFN alleviated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury. Moreover, a functional study revealed that peritoneal macrophages isolated from SFN-treated mice exhibited attenuated cholesterol influx and enhanced apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistic analysis revealed that SFN supplementation induced both intralesional and intraperitoneal macrophage phenotypic switching toward high expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A/G member 1 (ABCA1/G1) and low expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), which was further validated by the aortic protein expression. These results suggest that the regulation of macrophages' cholesterol transport and accumulation may be mainly responsible for SFN's potential atheroprotective properties, and the regulatory mechanisms might involve upregulating ABCA1/G1 and downregulating CD36 via the modulation of PPARγ and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengfan Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, Norfolk, UK
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Zhang X, Yu S, Li X, Wen X, Liu S, Zu R, Ren H, Li T, Yang C, Luo H. Research progress on the interaction between oxidative stress and platelets: Another avenue for cancer? Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106777. [PMID: 37080257 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a chemical imbalance between an oxidant and an antioxidant, causing damage to redox signaling and control or causing molecular damage. Unbalanced oxidative metabolism can produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). These excess ROS can cause drastic changes in platelet metabolism and further affect platelet function. It will also lead to an increase in platelet procoagulant phenotype and cell apoptosis, which will increase the risk of thrombosis. The creation of ROS and subsequent platelet activation, adhesion, and recruitment are then further encouraged in an auto-amplifying loop by ROS produced from platelets. Meanwhile, cancer cells produce a higher concentration of ROS due to their fast metabolism and high proliferation rate. However, excessive ROS can result in damage to and modification of cellular macromolecules. The formation of cancer and its progression is strongly associated with oxidative stress and the resulting oxidative damage. In addition, platelets are an important part of the tumor microenvironment, and there is a significant cross-communication between platelets and cancer cells. Cancer cells alter the activation status of platelets, their RNA spectrum, proteome, and other properties. The "cloaking" of cancer cells by platelets providing physical protection,avoiding destruction from shear stress and the attack of immune cells, promoting tumor cell invasion.We explored the vicious circle interaction between ROS, platelets, and cancer in this review, and we believe that ROS can play a stimulative role in tumor growth and metastasis through platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Sisi Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory of Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3201 Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong 723099, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wen
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Shan Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Ruiling Zu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hanxiao Ren
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Chaoguo Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610042, China.
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041 China.
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