1
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Fatemi SH, Eschenlauer A, Aman J, Folsom TD, Chekouo T. Quantitative proteomics of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reveals an early pattern of synaptic dysmaturation in children with idiopathic autism. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:161-171. [PMID: 38696595 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder with a rising prevalence and unknown etiology presenting with deficits in cognition and abnormal behavior. We hypothesized that the investigation of the synaptic component of prefrontal cortex may provide proteomic signatures that may identify the biological underpinnings of cognitive deficits in childhood ASD. Subcellular fractions of synaptosomes from prefrontal cortices of age-, brain area-, and postmortem-interval-matched samples from children and adults with idiopathic ASD vs. controls were subjected to HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of data revealed the enrichment of ASD risk genes that participate in slow maturation of the postsynaptic density (PSD) structure and function during early brain development. Proteomic analysis revealed down regulation of PSD-related proteins including AMPA and NMDA receptors, GRM3, DLG4, olfactomedins, Shank1-3, Homer1, CaMK2α, NRXN1, NLGN2, Drebrin1, ARHGAP32, and Dock9 in children with autism (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). In contrast, PSD-related alterations were less severe or unchanged in adult individuals with ASD. Network analyses revealed glutamate receptor abnormalities. Overall, the proteomic data support the concept that idiopathic autism is a synaptopathy involving PSD-related ASD risk genes. Interruption in evolutionarily conserved slow maturation of the PSD complex in prefrontal cortex may lead to the development of ASD in a susceptible individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hossein Fatemi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Arthur Eschenlauer
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, 599 Walter Library, 117 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Justin Aman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy D Folsom
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thierry Chekouo
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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Ferrigno F, Franceschini A, Kirk R, Amodeo A. Jacobsen Syndrome with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Outcome after Cardiac Transplantation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 10:jcdd10010008. [PMID: 36661903 PMCID: PMC9864704 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome caused by a deletion of chromosome 11q. We report a patient with JS and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) who required cardiac transplantation. She had many of the recognized morphological features in addition to immunological (lymphopenia) and hematological (thrombocytopenia) issues. The patient underwent a Norwood procedure with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt (MBTS) and subsequently a Glenn procedure at six months of age. She developed desaturation, with severe tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular dysfunction, and underwent heart transplantation at 7 months of age. After the transplant, she was hospitalized several times for severe infections. The diagnosis of Jacobsen syndrome came 2 months after transplant. Now, 5 years post-transplant, she is in relatively good health-her heart is functioning normally, her hospitalization rate is getting lower, and her immunological profile is stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ferrigno
- The School of Pediatrics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3286426575
| | - Alessio Franceschini
- Department of Cardiosurgery, Cardiology, Heart and Lung Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Richard Kirk
- Mechanical Circulatory Support Unit, Department of Cardiosurgery, Cardiology, Heart and Lung Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Amodeo
- Mechanical Circulatory Support Unit, Department of Cardiosurgery, Cardiology, Heart and Lung Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, 00165 Rome, Italy
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3
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Deletion of 11q24.2-qter in a male child with cleft lip and palate: an atypical feature of Jacobsen syndrome. J Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Matsuo K, Shinoda Y, Abolhassani N, Nakabeppu Y, Fukunaga K. Transcriptome Analysis in Hippocampus of Rats Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid and Effects of Intranasal Treatment of Oxytocin. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:859198. [PMID: 35432011 PMCID: PMC9005872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.859198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors and social impairments, often accompanied by learning disabilities. It has been documented that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) ameliorates core symptoms in patients with ASD. We recently reported that chronic administration of intranasal OXT reversed social and learning impairments in prenatally valproic acid (VPA)-exposed rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we explored molecular alterations in the hippocampus of rats and the effects of chronic administration of intranasal OXT (12 μg/kg/d). Microarray analyses revealed that prenatal VPA exposure altered gene expression, a part of which is suggested as a candidate in ASD and is involved in key features including memory, developmental processes, and epilepsy. OXT partly improved the expression of these genes, which were predicted to interact with those involved in social behaviors and hippocampal-dependent memory. Collectively, the present study documented molecular profiling in the hippocampus related to ASD and improvement by chronic treatment with OXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Matsuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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5
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Immune Deficiency in Jacobsen Syndrome: Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081197. [PMID: 34440371 PMCID: PMC8394748 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome or JBS (OMIM #147791) is a contiguous gene syndrome caused by a deletion affecting the terminal q region of chromosome 11. The phenotype of patients with JBS is a specific syndromic phenotype predominately associated with hematological alterations. Complete and partial JBS are differentiated depending on which functional and causal genes are haploinsufficient in the patient. We describe the case of a 6-year-old Bulgarian boy in which it was possible to identify all of the major signs and symptoms listed by the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) catalog using the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). Extensive blood and marrow tests revealed the existence of thrombocytopenia and leucopenia, specifically due to low levels of T and B cells and low levels of IgM. Genetic analysis using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/copy number variations (CNVs) microarray hybridization confirmed that the patient had the deletion arr[hg19]11q24.3q25(128,137,532–134,938,470)x1 in heterozygosis. This alteration was considered causal of partial JBS because the essential BSX and NRGN genes were not included, though 30 of the 96 HPO identifiers associated with this OMIM were identified in the patient. The deletion of the FLI-1, ETS1, JAM3 and THYN1 genes was considered to be directly associated with the immunodeficiency exhibited by the patient. Although immunodeficiency is widely accepted as a major sign of JBS, only constipation, bone marrow hypocellularity and recurrent respiratory infections have been included in the HPO as terms used to refer to the immunological defects in JBS. Exhaustive functional analysis and individual monitoring are required and should be mandatory for these patients.
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6
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Thongkorn S, Kanlayaprasit S, Panjabud P, Saeliw T, Jantheang T, Kasitipradit K, Sarobol S, Jindatip D, Hu VW, Tencomnao T, Kikkawa T, Sato T, Osumi N, Sarachana T. Sex differences in the effects of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on autism-related genes and their relationships with the hippocampus functions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1241. [PMID: 33441873 PMCID: PMC7806752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has shown that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) altered the expression of genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we further investigated the effects of prenatal BPA exposure on ASD-related genes known to regulate neuronal viability, neuritogenesis, and learning/memory, and assessed these functions in the offspring of exposed pregnant rats. We found that prenatal BPA exposure increased neurite length, the number of primary neurites, and the number of neurite branches, but reduced the size of the hippocampal cell body in both sexes of the offspring. However, in utero exposure to BPA decreased the neuronal viability and the neuronal density in the hippocampus and impaired learning/memory only in the male offspring while the females were not affected. Interestingly, the expression of several ASD-related genes (e.g. Mief2, Eif3h, Cux1, and Atp8a1) in the hippocampus were dysregulated and showed a sex-specific correlation with neuronal viability, neuritogenesis, and/or learning/memory. The findings from this study suggest that prenatal BPA exposure disrupts ASD-related genes involved in neuronal viability, neuritogenesis, and learning/memory in a sex-dependent manner, and these genes may play an important role in the risk and the higher prevalence of ASD in males subjected to prenatal BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surangrat Thongkorn
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Songphon Kanlayaprasit
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Panjabud
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanit Saeliw
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanawin Jantheang
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasidit Kasitipradit
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875The Ph.D. Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthathip Sarobol
- grid.411628.80000 0000 9758 8584Specimen Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875SYstems Neuroscience of Autism and PSychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Valerie W. Hu
- grid.253615.60000 0004 1936 9510Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takako Kikkawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- grid.412754.10000 0000 9956 3487Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Tewarit Sarachana
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875SYstems Neuroscience of Autism and PSychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Anzick S, Thurm A, Burkett S, Velez D, Cho E, Chlebowski C, Virtaneva K, Bruno D, Martin CB, Lang DM, Brooks B, Martens C, McDermott DH, Murphy PM. Chromoanasynthesis as a cause of Jacobsen syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2533-2539. [PMID: 32841469 PMCID: PMC11007684 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (MIM #147791) is a rare multisystem genomic disorder involving craniofacial abnormalities, intellectual disability, other neurodevelopmental defects, and terminal truncation of chromosome 11q, typically deleting ~170 to >340 genes. We describe the first case of Jacobsen syndrome caused by congenital chromoanasynthesis, an extreme form of complex chromosomal rearrangement. Six duplications and five deletions occurred on one copy of chromosome 11q with microhomology signatures in the breakpoint junctions, indicating an all-at-once replication-based rearrangement mechanism in a gametocyte or early post-zygotic cell. Eighteen genes were deleted from the Jacobsen region, including KIRREL3, which is associated with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Anzick
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Daniel Velez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colby Chlebowski
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimmo Virtaneva
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Bruno
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare B. Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David M. Lang
- Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Brooks
- National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Craig Martens
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David H. McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philip M. Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Rho GTPase Regulators and Effectors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Animal Models and Insights for Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040835. [PMID: 32244264 PMCID: PMC7226772 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases are small G proteins that act as molecular switches shuttling between active and inactive forms. Rho GTPases are regulated by two classes of regulatory proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPases transduce the upstream signals to downstream effectors, thus regulating diverse cellular processes, such as growth, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. In particular, Rho GTPases play essential roles in regulating neuronal morphology and function. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of Rho GTPase signaling contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been found that 20 genes encoding Rho GTPase regulators and effectors are listed as ASD risk genes by Simons foundation autism research initiative (SFARI). This review summarizes the clinical evidence, protein structure, and protein expression pattern of these 20 genes. Moreover, ASD-related behavioral phenotypes in animal models of these genes are reviewed, and the therapeutic approaches that show successful treatment effects in these animal models are discussed.
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9
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Chen S, Wang R, Zhang X, Li L, Jiang Y, Liu R, Zhang H. Ultrasonographic findings and prenatal diagnosis of Jacobsen syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18695. [PMID: 31895838 PMCID: PMC6946260 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Jacobsen syndrome (JBS) is a rare chromosomal disorder with variable phenotypic expressivity, which is usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood based on clinical examination and hematological and cytogenetic findings. Prenatal diagnosis and fetal ultrasonographic findings of JBS are rare. PATIENT CONCERNS A 38-year-old, gravida 3, para 1, pregnant woman underwent clinical ultrasound examination at 22 weeks of gestation. DIAGNOSES Ultrasonographic findings indicated an interventricular septal defect, the presence of septal blood flow, dilation of the left renal pelvis, and a single umbilical artery. Amniocentesis was performed to evaluate possible genetic causes of this diagnosis by cytogenetic and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. INTERVENTIONS After genetic counseling and informed consent, the couple elected to terminate the pregnancy. OUTCOMES Karyotype analysis showed that the fetal karyotype was 46,XX,del(11)(q23). The SNP array revealed a 6.118 Mb duplication of 11q23.2q23.3 and a 15.03 Mb deletion of 11q23.3q25. LESSONS Ultrasonographic findings of fetal JBS, including an interventricular septal defect, dilation of the left renal pelvis, and a single umbilical artery, may be associated with a 15.03 Mb deletion of 11q23.3q25. Further cases correlating phenotype and genotype are required to predict the postnatal phenotype.
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10
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Pierpont ME, Brueckner M, Chung WK, Garg V, Lacro RV, McGuire AL, Mital S, Priest JR, Pu WT, Roberts A, Ware SM, Gelb BD, Russell MW. Genetic Basis for Congenital Heart Disease: Revisited: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2019; 138:e653-e711. [PMID: 30571578 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an updated summary of the state of our knowledge of the genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of congenital heart disease. Since 2007, when the initial American Heart Association scientific statement on the genetic basis of congenital heart disease was published, new genomic techniques have become widely available that have dramatically changed our understanding of the causes of congenital heart disease and, clinically, have allowed more accurate definition of the pathogeneses of congenital heart disease in patients of all ages and even prenatally. Information is presented on new molecular testing techniques and their application to congenital heart disease, both isolated and associated with other congenital anomalies or syndromes. Recent advances in the understanding of copy number variants, syndromes, RASopathies, and heterotaxy/ciliopathies are provided. Insights into new research with congenital heart disease models, including genetically manipulated animals such as mice, chicks, and zebrafish, as well as human induced pluripotent stem cell-based approaches are provided to allow an understanding of how future research breakthroughs for congenital heart disease are likely to happen. It is anticipated that this review will provide a large range of health care-related personnel, including pediatric cardiologists, pediatricians, adult cardiologists, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, geneticists, genetic counselors, and other related clinicians, timely information on the genetic aspects of congenital heart disease. The objective is to provide a comprehensive basis for interdisciplinary care for those with congenital heart disease.
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Fernandes S, Vinnakota R, Kumar J, Kale V, Limaye L. Improved neural differentiation of normal and abnormal induced pluripotent stem cell lines in the presence of valproic acid. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1482-1496. [PMID: 31148385 DOI: 10.1002/term.2904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
During the generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from cord blood CD34+ cells, a line having complete trisomy of Chromosome 1 and deletion of q23 to qTer of Chromosome 11 was accidentally developed in our lab. The abnormality was consistently detected even at higher passages. These chromosomal anomalies are known to manifest neurological developmental defects. In order to examine if such defects occur during in vitro differentiation of the cell line, we set up a protocol for neural differentiation. Valproic acid (VPA) was earlier reported by us to enhance neural differentiation of placental mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we induced normal and abnormal iPSC lines to neural lineage with/without VPA. Neural differentiation was observed in all four sets, but for both the iPSCs lines, VPA sets performed better. The characteristics tested were morphology, neural filament length, detection of neural markers, and electrophysiology. In summary, the karyotypically abnormal line exhibited efficient neural differentiation. This iPSC line may serve as a useful tool to study abnormalities associated with trisomy 1 and deletion of q23 to qTer of Chromosome 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Fernandes
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Rajesh Vinnakota
- Structural Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- Structural Biology Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.,Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Pune, India
| | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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12
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Tootleman E, Malamut B, Akshoomoff N, Mattson SN, Hoffman HM, Jones MC, Printz B, Shiryaev SA, Grossfeld P. Partial Jacobsen syndrome phenotype in a patient with a de novo frameshift mutation in the ETS1 transcription factor. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a004010. [PMID: 31160359 PMCID: PMC6549550 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (OMIM #147791) is a rare contiguous gene disorder caused by deletions in distal 11q. The clinical phenotype is variable and can include dysmorphic features, varying degrees of intellectual disability, behavioral problems including autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, congenital heart defects, structural kidney defects, genitourinary problems, immunodeficiency, and a bleeding disorder due to impaired platelet production and function. Previous studies combining both human and animal systems have implicated several disease-causing genes in distal 11q that contribute to the Jacobsen syndrome phenotype. One gene, ETS1, has been implicated in causing congenital heart defects, structural kidney defects, and immunodeficiency. We performed a comprehensive phenotypic analysis on a patient with congenital heart disease previously found to have a de novo frameshift mutation in ETS1, resulting in the loss of the DNA-binding domain of the protein. Our results suggest that loss of Ets1 causes a “partial Jacobsen syndrome phenotype” including congenital heart disease, facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tootleman
- Columbia Biosciences Corporation, Columbia, Maryland 21703, USA
| | | | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sarah N Mattson
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Beth Printz
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sergey A Shiryaev
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discover Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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13
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Coll-Tané M, Krebbers A, Castells-Nobau A, Zweier C, Schenck A. Intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders 'on the fly': insights from Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm039180. [PMID: 31088981 PMCID: PMC6550041 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are frequently co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders and affect 2-3% of the population. Rapid advances in exome and genome sequencing have increased the number of known implicated genes by threefold, to more than a thousand. The main challenges in the field are now to understand the various pathomechanisms associated with this bewildering number of genetic disorders, to identify new genes and to establish causality of variants in still-undiagnosed cases, and to work towards causal treatment options that so far are available only for a few metabolic conditions. To meet these challenges, the research community needs highly efficient model systems. With an increasing number of relevant assays and rapidly developing novel methodologies, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is ideally positioned to change gear in ID and ASD research. The aim of this Review is to summarize some of the exciting work that already has drawn attention to Drosophila as a model for these disorders. We highlight well-established ID- and ASD-relevant fly phenotypes at the (sub)cellular, brain and behavioral levels, and discuss strategies of how this extraordinarily efficient and versatile model can contribute to 'next generation' medical genomics and to a better understanding of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Coll-Tané
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Krebbers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Conrad S, Demurger F, Moradkhani K, Pichon O, Le Caignec C, Pascal C, Thomas C, Bayart S, Perlat A, Dubourg C, Jaillard S, Nizon M. 11q24.2q24.3 microdeletion in two families presenting features of Jacobsen syndrome, without intellectual disability: Role of FLI1, ETS1, and SENCR long noncoding RNA. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:993-1000. [PMID: 30888095 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report presents two families with interstitial 11q24.2q24.3 deletion, associated with malformations, hematologic features, and typical facial dysmorphism, observed in Jacobsen syndrome (JS), except for intellectual disability (ID). The smallest 700 Kb deletion contains only two genes: FLI1 and ETS1, and a long noncoding RNA, SENCR, narrowing the minimal critical region for some features of JS. Consistent with recent literature, it adds supplemental data to confirm the crucial role of FLI1 and ETS1 in JS, namely FLI1 in thrombocytopenia and ETS1 in cardiopathy and immune deficiency. It also supports that combined ETS1 and FLI1 haploinsufficiency explains dysmorphic features, notably ears, and nose anomalies. Moreover, it raises the possibility that SENCR, a long noncoding RNA, could be responsible for limb defects, because of its early role in endothelial cell commitment and function. Considering ID and autism spectrum disorder, which are some of the main features of JS, a participation of ETS1, FLI1, or SENCR cannot be excluded. But, considering the normal neurodevelopment of our patients, their role would be either minor or with an important variability in penetrance. Furthermore, according to literature, ARHGAP32 and KIRREL3 seem to be the strongest candidate genes in the 11q24 region for other Jacobsen patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cédric Le Caignec
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, France.,INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Pascal
- Service de Cardiologie pédiatrique et fœtale, Hôpital privé du Confluent, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sophie Bayart
- Centre de traitement des maladies hémorragiques, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Antoinette Perlat
- Service de Médecine Interne-Immunologie Clinique, CHU de Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, F-35033, Rennes, France.,INSERM U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, France.,INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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15
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Guo H, Wang T, Wu H, Long M, Coe BP, Li H, Xun G, Ou J, Chen B, Duan G, Bai T, Zhao N, Shen Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Baker C, Liu Y, Pang N, Huang L, Han L, Jia X, Liu C, Ni H, Yang X, Xia L, Chen J, Shen L, Li Y, Zhao R, Zhao W, Peng J, Pan Q, Long Z, Su W, Tan J, Du X, Ke X, Yao M, Hu Z, Zou X, Zhao J, Bernier RA, Eichler EE, Xia K. Inherited and multiple de novo mutations in autism/developmental delay risk genes suggest a multifactorial model. Mol Autism 2018; 9:64. [PMID: 30564305 PMCID: PMC6293633 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously performed targeted sequencing of autism risk genes in probands from the Autism Clinical and Genetic Resources in China (ACGC) (phase I). Here, we expand this analysis to a larger cohort of patients (ACGC phase II) to better understand the prevalence, inheritance, and genotype-phenotype correlations of likely gene-disrupting (LGD) mutations for autism candidate genes originally identified in cohorts of European descent. Methods We sequenced 187 autism candidate genes in an additional 784 probands and 85 genes in 599 probands using single-molecule molecular inversion probes. We tested the inheritance of potentially pathogenic mutations, performed a meta-analysis of phase I and phase II data and combined our results with existing exome sequence data to investigate the phenotypes of carrier parents and patients with multiple hits in different autism risk genes. Results We validated recurrent, LGD, de novo mutations (DNMs) in 13 genes. We identified a potential novel risk gene (ZNF292), one novel gene with recurrent LGD DNMs (RALGAPB), as well as genes associated with macrocephaly (GIGYF2 and WDFY3). We identified the transmission of private LGD mutations in genes predominantly associated with DNMs and showed that parental carriers tended to share milder autism-related phenotypes. Patients that carried DNMs in two or more candidate genes show more severe phenotypes. Conclusions We identify new risk genes and transmission of deleterious mutations in genes primarily associated with DNMs. The fact that parental carriers show milder phenotypes and patients with multiple hits are more severe supports a multifactorial model of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Huidan Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Min Long
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Bradley P. Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Honghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disorders in Children, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi China
| | - Guanglei Xun
- Mental Health Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Biyuan Chen
- Children Development Behavior Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Guiqin Duan
- Center of Children Psychology and Behavior, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Ting Bai
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ningxia Zhao
- Xi’an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yidong Shen
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yun Li
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Center of Children Psychology and Behavior, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disorders in Children, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi China
| | - Carl Baker
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Yanling Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Nan Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian Huang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Lin Han
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiangbin Jia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Cenying Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Hailun Ni
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Lu Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Lu Shen
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Rongjuan Zhao
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Pan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhigao Long
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Wei Su
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Xi’an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Meiling Yao
- Center of Children Psychology and Behavior, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaobing Zou
- Children Development Behavior Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | | | - Evan E. Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Kun Xia
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
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16
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Joensuu M, Lanoue V, Hotulainen P. Dendritic spine actin cytoskeleton in autism spectrum disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:362-381. [PMID: 28870634 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small actin-rich protrusions from neuronal dendrites that form the postsynaptic part of most excitatory synapses. Changes in the shape and size of dendritic spines correlate with the functional changes in excitatory synapses and are heavily dependent on the remodeling of the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Recent evidence implicates synapses at dendritic spines as important substrates of pathogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although synaptic perturbations are not the only alterations relevant for these diseases, understanding the molecular underpinnings of the spine and synapse pathology may provide insight into their etiologies and could reveal new drug targets. In this review, we will discuss recent findings of defective actin regulation in dendritic spines associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merja Joensuu
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Pathak G, Agostino MJ, Bishara K, Capell WR, Fisher JL, Hegde S, Ibrahim BA, Pilarzyk K, Sabin C, Tuczkewycz T, Wilson S, Kelly MP. PDE11A negatively regulates lithium responsivity. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1714-1724. [PMID: 27646265 PMCID: PMC5359083 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lithium responsivity in patients with bipolar disorder has been genetically associated with Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A), and lithium decreases PDE11A mRNA in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hippocampal neurons originating from lithium-responsive patients. PDE11 is an enzyme uniquely enriched in the hippocampus that breaks down cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Here we determined whether decreasing PDE11A expression is sufficient to increase lithium responsivity in mice. In dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus (VHIPP), lithium-responsive C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvTac mice show decreased PDE11A4 protein expression relative to lithium-unresponsive BALB/cJ mice. In VHIPP, C57BL/6J mice also show differences in PDE11A4 compartmentalization relative to BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, neither PDE2A nor PDE10A expression differ among the strains. The compartment-specific differences in PDE11A4 protein expression are explained by a coding single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at amino acid 499, which falls within the GAF-B homodimerization domain. Relative to the BALB/cJ 499T, the C57BL/6J 499A decreases PDE11A4 homodimerization, which removes PDE11A4 from the membrane. Consistent with the observation that lower PDE11A4 expression correlates with better lithium responsiveness, we found that Pde11a knockout mice (KO) given 0.4% lithium chow for 3+ weeks exhibit greater lithium responsivity relative to wild-type (WT) littermates in tail suspension, an antidepressant-predictive assay, and amphetamine hyperlocomotion, an anti-manic predictive assay. Reduced PDE11A4 expression may represent a lithium-sensitive pathophysiology, because both C57BL/6J and Pde11a KO mice show increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) relative to BALB/cJ and PDE11A WT mice, respectively. Our finding that PDE11A4 negatively regulates lithium responsivity in mice suggests that the PDE11A SNPs identified in patients may be functionally relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pathak
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - K Bishara
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - W R Capell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - J L Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - S Hegde
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - B A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - K Pilarzyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - C Sabin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - S Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
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18
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Uezu A, Kanak DJ, Bradshaw TWA, Soderblom EJ, Catavero CM, Burette AC, Weinberg RJ, Soderling SH. Identification of an elaborate complex mediating postsynaptic inhibition. Science 2017; 353:1123-9. [PMID: 27609886 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory synapses dampen neuronal activity through postsynaptic hyperpolarization. The composition of the inhibitory postsynapse and the mechanistic basis of its regulation, however, remain poorly understood. We used an in vivo chemico-genetic proximity-labeling approach to discover inhibitory postsynaptic proteins. Quantitative mass spectrometry not only recapitulated known inhibitory postsynaptic proteins but also revealed a large network of new proteins, many of which are either implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders or are of unknown function. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) depletion of one of these previously uncharacterized proteins, InSyn1, led to decreased postsynaptic inhibitory sites, reduced the frequency of miniature inhibitory currents, and increased excitability in the hippocampus. Our findings uncover a rich and functionally diverse assemblage of previously unknown proteins that regulate postsynaptic inhibition and might contribute to developmental brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uezu
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Daniel J Kanak
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Tyler W A Bradshaw
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA. Duke Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource and Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Christina M Catavero
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| | - Alain C Burette
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard J Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scott H Soderling
- The Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA. The Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
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19
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Grossfeld P. Brain hemorrhages in Jacobsen syndrome: A retrospective review of six cases and clinical recommendations. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:667-670. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Grossfeld
- Division of Cardiology; Department of Pediatrics; UCSD School of Medicine; San Diego California
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20
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Huang GH, Sun ZL, Li HJ, Feng DF. Rho GTPase-activating proteins: Regulators of Rho GTPase activity in neuronal development and CNS diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 80:18-31. [PMID: 28163190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases was considered as molecular switches in regulating multiple cellular events, including cytoskeleton reorganization. The Rho GTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) are one of the major families of Rho GTPase regulators. RhoGAPs were initially considered negative mediators of Rho signaling pathways via their GAP domain. Recent studies have demonstrated that RhoGAPs also regulate numerous aspects of neuronal development and are related to various neurodegenerative diseases in GAP-dependent and GAP-independent manners. Moreover, RhoGAPs are regulated through various mechanisms, such as phosphorylation. To date, approximately 70 RhoGAPs have been identified; however, only a small portion has been thoroughly investigated. Thus, the characterization of important RhoGAPs in the central nervous system is crucial to understand their spatiotemporal role during different stages of neuronal development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RhoGAPs in the brain with an emphasis on their molecular function, regulation mechanism and disease implications in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Zhao-Liang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China
| | - Dong-Fu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China; Institute of Traumatic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, China.
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21
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Chen CP, Wang LK, Wu PC, Chang TY, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen YN, Chen SW, Lee CC, Yang CW, Wang W. Molecular cytogenetic characterization of Jacobsen syndrome (11q23.3-q25 deletion) in a fetus associated with double outlet right ventricle, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and ductus venosus agenesis on prenatal ultrasound. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:102-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Wang T, Guo H, Xiong B, Stessman HAF, Wu H, Coe BP, Turner TN, Liu Y, Zhao W, Hoekzema K, Vives L, Xia L, Tang M, Ou J, Chen B, Shen Y, Xun G, Long M, Lin J, Kronenberg ZN, Peng Y, Bai T, Li H, Ke X, Hu Z, Zhao J, Zou X, Xia K, Eichler EE. De novo genic mutations among a Chinese autism spectrum disorder cohort. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13316. [PMID: 27824329 PMCID: PMC5105161 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent de novo (DN) and likely gene-disruptive (LGD) mutations contribute significantly to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) but have been primarily investigated in European cohorts. Here, we sequence 189 risk genes in 1,543 Chinese ASD probands (1,045 from trios). We report an 11-fold increase in the odds of DN LGD mutations compared with expectation under an exome-wide neutral model of mutation. In aggregate, ∼4% of ASD patients carry a DN mutation in one of just 29 autism risk genes. The most prevalent gene for recurrent DN mutations is SCN2A (1.1% of patients) followed by CHD8, DSCAM, MECP2, POGZ, WDFY3 and ASH1L. We identify novel DN LGD recurrences (GIGYF2, MYT1L, CUL3, DOCK8 and ZNF292) and DN mutations in previous ASD candidates (ARHGAP32, NCOR1, PHIP, STXBP1, CDKL5 and SHANK1). Phenotypic follow-up confirms potential subtypes and highlights how large global cohorts might be leveraged to prove the pathogenic significance of individually rare mutations. Recurrent sporadic mutations are important risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) but have been primarily investigated in European cohorts. Here, Eichler, Xia and colleagues analyse risk genes in a large Chinese ASD cohort and find novel recurrences of potential pathogenic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Hui Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Holly A F Stessman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Huidan Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Bradley P Coe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Tychele N Turner
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yanling Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Kendra Hoekzema
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Laura Vives
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lu Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Meina Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jianjun Ou
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Biyuan Chen
- Children's Development Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yidong Shen
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Guanglei Xun
- Mental Health Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Min Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Janice Lin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Zev N Kronenberg
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yu Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ting Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Honghui Li
- Child Healthcare Department, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaobing Zou
- Children's Development Behavior Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Kun Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Information Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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23
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Ben Khelifa H, Soyah N, Labalme A, Guilbert H, Sanlaville D, Saad A, Mougou-Zerelli S. Genomic Microarray in Intellectual Disability: The Usefulness of Existing Systems in the Interpretation of Copy Number Variation. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 6:84-91. [PMID: 28496995 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome array technology is an essential tool for the detection of a large number of copy number variants (CNVs) in patients with ID and/or multiple congenital anomalies. However, the clinical significance of some microimbalances is not known. In this article, we succeeded to detect seven new variations of unknown significance (dup12p13.33, dup2p16.3, dupXq13.2, del12q24.33, dup16p13.11, trip4q22.1, and dup9p21.3), one CNV classified as known pathogenic syndrome (del22q13.31-q33), and one CNV classified as potentially pathogenic (del11q24.3). We emphasize the role of comparative genomic hybridization arrays in the investigation of intellectual disability and evaluate the usefulness of existing systems in the interpretation of CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Ben Khelifa
- Department of Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Najla Soyah
- Department of Pediatric, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Audrey Labalme
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle, Lyon, France
| | - Helene Guilbert
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Cytogénétique Constitutionnelle, Lyon, France
| | - Ali Saad
- Department of Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Department of Cytogenetic and Reproductive Biology, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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24
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Interstitial 11q24 deletion: a new case and review of the literature. J Appl Genet 2016; 57:357-62. [PMID: 27020790 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a 19-month-old male presenting with right stenotic megaureter, anemia and thrombocytopenia, cardiac and ophthalmologic abnormalities. Analysis with array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) revealed an interstitial deletion of about 2.4 Mb of chromosome 11q24.2q24.3. We compared the phenotype of our patient with that of recently reported patients studied by aCGH, who showed an overlapping deletion. We also analysed the gene content of the deleted region in order to investigate the possible involvement of specific genes in the clinical phenotype.
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25
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Nakamura T, Arima-Yoshida F, Sakaue F, Nasu-Nishimura Y, Takeda Y, Matsuura K, Akshoomoff N, Mattson SN, Grossfeld PD, Manabe T, Akiyama T. PX-RICS-deficient mice mimic autism spectrum disorder in Jacobsen syndrome through impaired GABAA receptor trafficking. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10861. [PMID: 26979507 PMCID: PMC4799364 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (JBS) is a rare congenital disorder caused by a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. A subset of patients exhibit social behavioural problems that meet the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the underlying molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. PX-RICS is located in the chromosomal region commonly deleted in JBS patients with autistic-like behaviour. Here we report that PX-RICS-deficient mice exhibit ASD-like social behaviours and ASD-related comorbidities. PX-RICS-deficient neurons show reduced surface γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) levels and impaired GABAAR-mediated synaptic transmission. PX-RICS, GABARAP and 14-3-3ζ/θ form an adaptor complex that interconnects GABAAR and dynein/dynactin, thereby facilitating GABAAR surface expression. ASD-like behavioural abnormalities in PX-RICS-deficient mice are ameliorated by enhancing inhibitory synaptic transmission with a GABAAR agonist. Our findings demonstrate a critical role of PX-RICS in cognition and suggest a causal link between PX-RICS deletion and ASD-like behaviour in JBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Fumiko Arima-Yoshida
- Division of Neuronal Network, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fumika Sakaue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nasu-Nishimura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuko Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ken Matsuura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Natacha Akshoomoff
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Sarah N Mattson
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92120, USA
| | - Paul D Grossfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Toshiya Manabe
- Division of Neuronal Network, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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26
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Linares Chávez EP, Toral López J, Valdés Miranda JM, González Huerta LM, Perez Cabrera A, Del Refugio Rivera Vega M, Messina Baas OM, Cuevas-Covarrubias SA. Jacobsen Syndrome: Surgical Complications due to Unsuspected Diagnosis, the Importance of Molecular Studies in Patients with Craniosynostosis. Mol Syndromol 2015; 6:229-35. [PMID: 26997943 DOI: 10.1159/000442477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacobsen syndrome (JBS) is an uncommon contiguous gene syndrome. About 85-92% of cases have a de novo origin. Clinical variability and severity probably depend on the size of the affected region. The typical clinical features in JBS include intellectual disability, growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism as well as craniosynostosis, congenital heart disease, and platelet abnormalities. The proband was a 1 year/3-month-old Mexican male. Oligonucleotide-SNP array analysis using the GeneChip Human Cytoscan HD was carried out for the patient from genomic DNA. The SNP array showed a 14.2-Mb deletion in chromosome 11q23.3q25 (120,706-134,938 Mb), which involved 163 RefSeq genes in the database of genomic variation. We report a novel deletion in JBS that increases the knowledge of the variability in the mutation sites in this region and expands the spectrum of molecular and clinical defects in this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etzalli P Linares Chávez
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Jaime Toral López
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Centro Médico Ecatepec, ISSEMYM, Edomex México, México
| | - Juan M Valdés Miranda
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Luz M González Huerta
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | - Adrian Perez Cabrera
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
| | | | - Olga M Messina Baas
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Oftalmología, Hospital General de México, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
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27
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Dalm VASH, Driessen GJA, Barendregt BH, van Hagen PM, van der Burg M. The 11q Terminal Deletion Disorder Jacobsen Syndrome is a Syndromic Primary Immunodeficiency. J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:761-8. [PMID: 26566921 PMCID: PMC4659842 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jacobsen syndrome (JS) is a rare contiguous gene syndrome caused by partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. Clinical features include physical and mental growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, thrombocytopenia, impaired platelet function and pancytopenia. In case reports, recurrent infections and impaired immune cell function compatible with immunodeficiency were described. However, Jacobsen syndrome has not been recognized as an established syndromic primary immunodeficiency. GOAL To evaluate the presence of immunodeficiency in a series of 6 patients with JS. METHODS Medical history of 6 patients with JS was evaluated for recurrent infections. IgG, IgA, IgM and specific antibodies against S. pneumoniae were measured. Response to immunization with a polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax) was measured and B and T lymphocyte subset analyses were performed using flowcytometry. RESULTS Five out of 6 patients suffered from recurrent infections. These patients had low IgG levels and impaired response to S. pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccination. Moreover, we also found a significant decrease in the absolute number of memory B cells, suggesting a defective germinal center function. In a number of patients, low numbers of T lymphocytes and NK cells were found. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with JS suffer from combined immunodeficiency in the presence of recurrent infections. Therefore, we consider JS a syndromic primary immunodeficiency. Early detection of immunodeficiency may reduce the frequency and severity of infections. All JS patients should therefore undergo immunological evaluation. Future studies in a larger cohort of patients will more precisely define the pathophysiology of the immunodeficiency in JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gertjan J A Driessen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Infectious disease and Immunology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara H Barendregt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petrus M van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Polyak A, Kubina RM, Girirajan S. Comorbidity of intellectual disability confounds ascertainment of autism: implications for genetic diagnosis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015. [PMID: 26198689 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While recent studies suggest a converging role for genetic factors towards risk for nosologically distinct disorders including autism, intellectual disability (ID), and epilepsy, current estimates of autism prevalence fail to take into account the impact of comorbidity of these disorders on autism diagnosis. We aimed to assess the effect of comorbidity on the diagnosis and prevalence of autism by analyzing 11 years (2000-2010) of special education enrollment data on approximately 6.2 million children per year. We found a 331% increase in the prevalence of autism from 2000 to 2010 within special education, potentially due to a diagnostic recategorization from frequently comorbid features such as ID. The decrease in ID prevalence equaled an average of 64.2% of the increase of autism prevalence for children aged 3-18 years. The proportion of ID cases potentially undergoing recategorization to autism was higher (P = 0.007) among older children (75%) than younger children (48%). Some US states showed significant negative correlations between the prevalence of autism compared to that of ID while others did not, suggesting state-specific health policy to be a major factor in categorizing autism. Further, a high frequency of autistic features was observed when individuals with classically defined genetic syndromes were evaluated for autism using standardized instruments. Our results suggest that current ascertainment practices are based on a single facet of autism-specific clinical features and do not consider associated comorbidities that may confound diagnosis. Longitudinal studies with detailed phenotyping and deep molecular genetic analyses are necessary to completely understand the cause of this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Polyak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Richard M Kubina
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
| | - Santhosh Girirajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802.,Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802
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29
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Favier R, Akshoomoff N, Mattson S, Grossfeld P. Jacobsen syndrome: Advances in our knowledge of phenotype and genotype. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 169:239-50. [PMID: 26285164 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In 1973, the Danish geneticist Petrea Jacobsen described a three-generation family in which the proband carried a presumed terminal deletion at the end of the long arm of chromosome 11 (11q). This patient had dysmorphic features, congenital heart disease, and intellectual disability. Since Dr. Jacobsen's initial report, over 200 patients with Jacobsen syndrome have been reported, suggesting that Jacobsen syndrome is a contiguous gene disorder. With the advent of high resolution deletion mapping and the completion of the human genome sequencing project, a comprehensive genotype/phenotype analysis for Jacobsen syndrome became possible. In this article, we review research describing individual causal genes in distal 11q that contribute to the overall Jacobsen syndrome clinical phenotype. Through a combination of human genetics and the use of genetically engineered animal models, causal genes have been identified for the clinical problems in JS that historically have caused the greatest morbidity and mortality: congenital heart disease, the Paris-Trousseau bleeding disorder, intellectual disability, autism, and immunodeficiency. Insights gained from these studies are being applied for future drug development and clinical trials, as well as for a potential strategy for the prevention of certain forms of congenital heart disease. The results of these studies will likely not only improve the prognostic and therapeutic approaches for patients with Jacobsen syndrome, but also for the general population afflicted with these problems.
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30
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Chen R, Li C, Xie B, Wang J, Fan X, Luo J, Hu X, Chen S, Shen Y. Clinical and molecular evaluations of siblings with "pure" 11q23.3-qter trisomy or reciprocal monosomy due to a familial translocation t (10;11) (q26;q23.3). Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:101. [PMID: 25648949 PMCID: PMC4314806 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
11qter trisomy is rare, mostly occurs in combination with partial monosomy of a terminal segment of another chromosome due to unbalanced segregation of parental translocations. Pure 11qter trisomy is rarer, only five cases have so far been reported. Here we report a family with all four siblings affected with neurodevelopmental disorders and facial dysmorphism. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) identified 11q23.3-qter (15.1 Mb) deletion in one and reciprocal duplication in the other three siblings. Both father and grandfather are balanced translocation (46, XY, t (10;11) (q26;q23)) carriers. The genetic material involved on chromosome 10 is very limited (270 kb). Thus, the pedigree presented rare cases with "pure" 11qter trisomy or reciprocal 11qter monosomy (Jacobsen syndrome), offering a unique opportunity to examine clinical presentations of multiple individuals with identical genomic imbalance. The proband with 11qter monosomy presented with many features of Jacobsen syndrome. The three 11qter trisomy carriers presented with shared craniofacial features including brachycephaly and short philtrum. They are also significant for the following neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric defects: intellectual disability, expressive language deficiency, autistic features, auditory hallucination, self-talking and pain insensitivity. To our knowledge, this is the smallest "pure" trisomy 11qter so far reported and this is the first report to describe the neuropsychiatric features of patients with 11qter trisomy. Our observation also revealed dissimilar features in our patients compared with those of previously published trisomy 11qter cases. The pedigree also revealed phenotypic heterogeneity among siblings with identical genomic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyu Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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