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Avarlaid A, Esvald E, Koppel I, Parkman A, Zhuravskaya A, Makeyev EV, Tuvikene J, Timmusk T. An 840 kb distant upstream enhancer is a crucial regulator of catecholamine-dependent expression of the Bdnf gene in astrocytes. Glia 2024; 72:90-110. [PMID: 37632136 PMCID: PMC10952894 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a fundamental role in the developing and adult nervous system, contributing to neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of BDNF synthesis, secretion or signaling has been associated with many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although the transcriptional regulation of the Bdnf gene has been extensively studied in neurons, less is known about the regulation and function of BDNF in non-neuronal cells. The most abundant type of non-neuronal cells in the brain, astrocytes, express BDNF in response to catecholamines. However, genetic elements responsible for this regulation have not been identified. Here, we investigated four potential Bdnf enhancer regions and based on reporter gene assays, CRISPR/Cas9 engineering and CAPTURE-3C-sequencing we conclude that a region 840 kb upstream of the Bdnf gene regulates catecholamine-dependent expression of Bdnf in rodent astrocytes. We also provide evidence that this regulation is mediated by CREB and AP1 family transcription factors. This is the first report of an enhancer coordinating the transcription of Bdnf gene in non-neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annela Avarlaid
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
| | - Eli‐Eelika Esvald
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
- Protobios LLCTallinnEstonia
| | - Indrek Koppel
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
| | - Annabel Parkman
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
| | - Anna Zhuravskaya
- Centre for Developmental NeurobiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Jürgen Tuvikene
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
- Protobios LLCTallinnEstonia
| | - Tõnis Timmusk
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of TechnologyTallinnEstonia
- Protobios LLCTallinnEstonia
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Rodríguez-Urgellés E, Casas-Torremocha D, Sancho-Balsells A, Ballasch I, García-García E, Miquel-Rio L, Manasanch A, Del Castillo I, Chen W, Pupak A, Brito V, Tornero D, Rodríguez MJ, Bortolozzi A, Sanchez-Vives MV, Giralt A, Alberch J. Thalamic Foxp2 regulates output connectivity and sensory-motor impairments in a model of Huntington's Disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:367. [PMID: 37987826 PMCID: PMC10663254 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's Disease (HD) is a disorder that affects body movements. Altered glutamatergic innervation of the striatum is a major hallmark of the disease. Approximately 30% of those glutamatergic inputs come from thalamic nuclei. Foxp2 is a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation and reported low in patients with HD. However, the role of the Foxp2 in the thalamus in HD remains unexplored. METHODS We used two different mouse models of HD, the R6/1 and the HdhQ111 mice, to demonstrate a consistent thalamic Foxp2 reduction in the context of HD. We used in vivo electrophysiological recordings, microdialysis in behaving mice and rabies virus-based monosynaptic tracing to study thalamo-striatal and thalamo-cortical synaptic connectivity in R6/1 mice. Micro-structural synaptic plasticity was also evaluated in the striatum and cortex of R6/1 mice. We over-expressed Foxp2 in the thalamus of R6/1 mice or reduced Foxp2 in the thalamus of wild type mice to evaluate its role in sensory and motor skills deficiencies, as well as thalamo-striatal and thalamo-cortical connectivity in such mouse models. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate in a HD mouse model a clear and early thalamo-striatal aberrant connectivity associated with a reduction of thalamic Foxp2 levels. Recovering thalamic Foxp2 levels in the mouse rescued motor coordination and sensory skills concomitant with an amelioration of neuropathological features and with a repair of the structural and functional connectivity through a restoration of neurotransmitter release. In addition, reduction of thalamic Foxp2 levels in wild type mice induced HD-like phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we show that a novel identified thalamic Foxp2 dysregulation alters basal ganglia circuits implicated in the pathophysiology of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ened Rodríguez-Urgellés
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Ballasch
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther García-García
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Miquel-Rio
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnau Manasanch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anika Pupak
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Brito
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Paryani F, Kwon JS, Ng CW, Madden N, Ofori K, Tang A, Lu H, Li J, Mahajan A, Davidson SM, Basile A, McHugh C, Vonsattel JP, Hickman R, Zody M, Houseman DE, Goldman JE, Yoo AS, Menon V, Al-Dalahmah O. Multi-OMIC analysis of Huntington disease reveals a neuroprotective astrocyte state. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.08.556867. [PMID: 37745577 PMCID: PMC10515780 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.556867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and astrogliosis. One hallmark of HD is the selective neuronal vulnerability of striatal medium spiny neurons. To date, the underlying mechanisms of this selective vulnerability have not been fully defined. Here, we employed a multi-omic approach including single nucleus RNAseq (snRNAseq), bulk RNAseq, lipidomics, HTT gene CAG repeat length measurements, and multiplexed immunofluorescence on post-mortem brain tissue from multiple brain regions of HD and control donors. We defined a signature of genes that is driven by CAG repeat length and found it enriched in astrocytic and microglial genes. Moreover, weighted gene correlation network analysis showed loss of connectivity of astrocytic and microglial modules in HD and identified modules that correlated with CAG-repeat length which further implicated inflammatory pathways and metabolism. We performed lipidomic analysis of HD and control brains and identified several lipid species that correlate with HD grade, including ceramides and very long chain fatty acids. Integration of lipidomics and bulk transcriptomics identified a consensus gene signature that correlates with HD grade and HD lipidomic abnormalities and implicated the unfolded protein response pathway. Because astrocytes are critical for brain lipid metabolism and play important roles in regulating inflammation, we analyzed our snRNAseq dataset with an emphasis on astrocyte pathology. We found two main astrocyte types that spanned multiple brain regions; these types correspond to protoplasmic astrocytes, and fibrous-like - CD44-positive, astrocytes. HD pathology was differentially associated with these cell types in a region-specific manner. One protoplasmic astrocyte cluster showed high expression of metallothionein genes, the depletion of this cluster positively correlated with the depletion of vulnerable medium spiny neurons in the caudate nucleus. We confirmed that metallothioneins were increased in cingulate HD astrocytes but were unchanged or even decreased in caudate astrocytes. We combined existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with a GWA study conducted on HD patients from the original Venezuelan cohort and identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the metallothionein gene locus associated with delayed age of onset. Functional studies found that metallothionein overexpressing astrocytes are better able to buffer glutamate and were neuroprotective of patient-derived directly reprogrammed HD MSNs as well as against rotenone-induced neuronal death in vitro. Finally, we found that metallothionein-overexpressing astrocytes increased the phagocytic activity of microglia in vitro and increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid binding. Together, we identified an astrocytic phenotype that is regionally-enriched in less vulnerable brain regions that can be leveraged to protect neurons in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Paryani
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Ji-Sun Kwon
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Chris W Ng
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
| | - Nacoya Madden
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Kenneth Ofori
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Alice Tang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Juncheng Li
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Aayushi Mahajan
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Shawn M. Davidson
- Princeton University, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics
| | | | | | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Richard Hickman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | | | - David E. Houseman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
| | - James E. Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Andrew S. Yoo
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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4
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Esposito E, Licastro E, Cuomo O, Lo EH, Hayakawa K, Pignataro G. Postconditioning promotes recovery in the neurovascular unit after stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1260389. [PMID: 37744881 PMCID: PMC10515625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1260389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Experimental studies suggest that ischemic postconditioning interferes with cell death mechanisms and reduces infarction during the acute phase after focal cerebral ischemia. Postconditioning may be a practically feasible way to promote stroke recovery, but many drawbacks prevent its clinical translation. First, all existing studies are mostly on acute 24 h outcomes. Second, the mechanisms of protection and augmented long-term benefits remain unclear. Our study aims to define some of the mechanisms that explain long-term benefits of improved recovery. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 100-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or postconditioning (100-min middle cerebral artery occlusion plus 10-min reperfusion plus 10-min reocclusion). After 3 days or 2 weeks, infarct volumes, western blot, and immunohistochemical markers of neurogenesis and angiogenesis were quantified. Fluorocitrate (FC) or saline were administrated ICV (intraventricular injection) every other day starting on day 5 after focal cerebral ischemia, animals were recovered for 2 weeks. Results After postconditioning BDNF protein expression levels increased compared to animals subjected to MCAO. Immunostaining showed that BDNF increased specifically in astrocytes. Moreover, when astrocytes were metabolically inhibited by fluorocitrate the postconditioning neuroprotective effect together with the postconditioning-dependent new angiogenesis and neurogenesis, were no longer observed. Conclusion These results suggest for the first time that therapeutic effects of postconditioning may involve the promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenic remodeling, via BDNF released by astrocytes, during the recovery phase after focal cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elga Esposito
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA)
| | - Ester Licastro
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC (CIRCA)
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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5
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Arévalo JC, Deogracias R. Mechanisms Controlling the Expression and Secretion of BDNF. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050789. [PMID: 37238659 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF), through TrkB receptor activation, is an important modulator for many different physiological and pathological functions in the nervous system. Among them, BDNF plays a crucial role in the development and correct maintenance of brain circuits and synaptic plasticity as well as in neurodegenerative diseases. The proper functioning of the central nervous system depends on the available BDNF concentrations, which are tightly regulated at transcriptional and translational levels but also by its regulated secretion. In this review we summarize the new advances regarding the molecular players involved in BDNF release. In addition, we will address how changes of their levels or function in these proteins have a great impact in those functions modulated by BDNF under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Arévalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castille and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Deogracias
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castille and Leon (INCyL), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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6
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Chierzi S, Kacerovsky JB, Fok AHK, Lahaie S, Shibi Rosen A, Farmer WT, Murai KK. Astrocytes Transplanted during Early Postnatal Development Integrate, Mature, and Survive Long Term in Mouse Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1509-1529. [PMID: 36669885 PMCID: PMC10008063 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0544-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have complex structural, molecular, and physiological properties and form specialized microenvironments that support circuit-specific functions in the CNS. To better understand how astrocytes acquire their unique features, we transplanted immature mouse cortical astrocytes into the developing cortex of male and female mice and assessed their integration, maturation, and survival. Within days, transplanted astrocytes developed morphologies and acquired territories and tiling behavior typical of cortical astrocytes. At 35-47 d post-transplantation, astrocytes appeared morphologically mature and expressed levels of EAAT2/GLT1 similar to nontransplanted astrocytes. Transplanted astrocytes also supported excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) presynaptic terminals within their territories, and displayed normal Ca2+ events. Transplanted astrocytes showed initially reduced expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) at endfeet and elevated expression of EAAT1/GLAST, with both proteins showing normalized expression by 110 d and one year post-transplantation, respectively. To understand how specific brain regions support astrocytic integration and maturation, we transplanted cortical astrocytes into the developing cerebellum. Cortical astrocytes interlaced with Bergmann glia (BG) in the cerebellar molecular layer to establish discrete territories. However, transplanted astrocytes retained many cortical astrocytic features including higher levels of EAAT2/GLT1, lower levels of EAAT1/GLAST, and the absence of expression of the AMPAR subunit GluA1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that immature cortical astrocytes integrate, mature, and survive (more than one year) following transplantation and retain cortical astrocytic properties. Astrocytic transplantation can be useful for investigating cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and non-cell-autonomous (environmental) mechanisms contributing to astrocytic development/diversity, and for determining the optimal timing for transplanting astrocytes for cellular delivery or replacement in regenerative medicine.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanisms that enable astrocytes to acquire diverse molecular and structural properties remain to be better understood. In this study, we systematically analyzed the properties of cortical astrocytes following their transplantation to the early postnatal brain. We found that immature cortical astrocytes transplanted into cerebral cortex during early postnatal mouse development integrate and establish normal astrocytic properties, and show long-term survival in vivo (more than one year). In contrast, transplanted cortical astrocytes display reduced or altered ability to integrate into the more mature cerebral cortex or developing cerebellum, respectively. This study demonstrates the developmental potential of transplanted cortical astrocytes and provides an approach to tease apart cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and non-cell-autonomous (environmental) mechanisms that determine the structural, molecular, and physiological phenotype of astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chierzi
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - J Benjamin Kacerovsky
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Albert H K Fok
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lahaie
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Arielle Shibi Rosen
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - W Todd Farmer
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
- Quantitative Life Sciences Graduate Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada
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7
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Solés-Tarrés I, Cabezas-Llobet N, Lefranc B, Leprince J, Alberch J, Vaudry D, Xifró X. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Protects Striatal Cells and Improves Motor Function in Huntington’s Disease Models: Role of PAC1 Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797541. [PMID: 35153755 PMCID: PMC8832515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expression of mutant huntingtin (mHtt). One of the main features of HD is the degeneration of the striatum that leads to motor discoordination. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that acts through three receptors named PAC1R, VPAC1R, and VPAC2R. In the present study, we first investigated the effect of PACAP on STHdhQ7/Q7 and STHdhQ111/Q111 cells that express wild-type Htt with 7 and mHtt with 111 glutamines, respectively. Then we explored the capacity of PACAP to rescue motor symptoms in the R6/1, a murine model of HD. We found that PACAP treatment (10–7 M) for 24 h protects STHdhQ111/Q111 cells from mHtt-induced apoptosis. This effect is associated with an increase in PAC1R transcription, phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, and an increase of intracellular c-fos, egr1, CBP, and BDNF protein content. Moreover, the use of pharmacological inhibitors revealed that activation of ERK and Akt mediates these antiapoptotic and neurotrophic effects of PACAP. To find out PAC1R implication, we treated STHdh cells with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which exhibits equal affinity for VPAC1R and VPAC2R, but lower affinity for PAC1R, in contrast to PACAP which has same affinity for the three receptors. VIP reduced cleaved caspase-3 protein level, without promoting the expression of c-fos, egr1, CBP, and the neurotrophin BDNF. We next measured the protein level of PACAP receptors in the striatum and cortex of R6/1 mice. We observed a specific reduction of PAC1R at the onset of motor symptoms. Importantly, the intranasal administration of PACAP to R6/1 animals restored the motor function and increased the striatal levels of PAC1R, CBP, and BDNF. In conclusion, PACAP exerts antiapoptotic and neurotrophic effects in striatal neurons mainly through PAC1R. This effect in HD striatum allows the recovery of motor function and point out PAC1R as a therapeutic target for treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Solés-Tarrés
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Cabezas-Llobet
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Lefranc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Vaudry
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Neuropeptides, Neuronal Death and Cell Plasticity Team, UNIROUEN, Inserm, Normandie University, Rouen, France
- Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), UNIROUEN, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Xavier Xifró,
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8
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Danjo Y, Shinozaki Y, Natsubori A, Kubota Y, Kashiwagi K, Tanaka KF, Koizumi S. The Mlc1 Promoter Directs Müller Cell-specific Gene Expression in the Retina. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35040915 PMCID: PMC8764212 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Because the importance of glia in regulating brain functions has been demonstrated, genetic technologies that manipulate glial cell-specific gene expression in the brain have become essential and have made great progress. However, it is unknown whether the same strategy that is used in the brain can be applied to the retina because retinal glia differs from glia in the brain. Here, we aimed to find a method for selective gene expression in Müller cells (characteristic glial cells in the retina) and identified Mlc1 as a specific promoter of Müller cells. Methods Mlc1-tTA::Yellow-Cameleon-NanotetO/tetO (YC-Nano) mice were used as a reporter line. YC-Nano, a fluorescent protein, was ectopically expressed in the cell type controlled by the Mlc1 promotor. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the cell type expressing YC-Nano protein. Results YC-Nano-positive (+) signals were observed as vertical stalks in the sliced retina and spanned from the nerve fiber layer through the outer nuclear layer. The density of YC-Nano+ cells was higher around the optic nerve head and lower in the peripheral retina. The YC-Nano+ signals colocalized with vimentin, a marker of Müller cells, but not with the cell markers for blood vessels, microglia, neurons, or astrocytes. Conclusions The Mlc1 promoter allows us to manipulate gene expression in Müller cells without affecting astrocytes in the retina. Translational Relevance Gene manipulation under control of Mlc1 promoter offers novel technique to investigate the role of Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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9
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Zhao J, Qu D, Xi Z, Huan Y, Zhang K, Yu C, Yang D, Kang J, Lin W, Wu S, Wang Y. Mitochondria transplantation protects traumatic brain injury via promoting neuronal survival and astrocytic BDNF. Transl Res 2021; 235:102-114. [PMID: 33798765 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and paralysis around the world. Secondary injury, characterized by progressive neuronal loss and astrogliosis, plays important roles in the post-TBI cognitive impairment and mood disorder. Unfortunately, there still lacks effective treatments, particularly surgery interferences for it. Recent findings of intercellular mitochondria transfer implies a potential therapeutic value of mitochondria transplantation for TBI, which has not been tested yet. In the present study, we demonstrated a quick dysfunction of mitochondria, up-regulation of Tom20 in the injured cortex and subsequent cognitive and mood impairment. Our data demonstrated that mitochondria derived from allogeneic liver or autogeneic muscle stimulated similar microglial activation in brain parenchyma. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous mitochondria could be easily internalized by neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, except for oligodendrocytes. Mitochondria transplantation effectively rescued neuronal apoptosis, restored the expression of Tom20 and the phosphorylation of JNK. Further analysis revealed that mitochondria transplantation in injured cortex induced a significant up-regulation of BDNF in reactive astrocytes, improved animals' spatial memory and alleviated anxiety. In together, our data indicate that mitochondria transplantation may has the potential of clinical translation for TBI treatment, in combination with surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqian Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dujie Qu
- Department of General Practice, Luochuan County Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zihan Xi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Caiyong Yu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Dingding Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic, Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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10
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Llorente IL, Hatanaka EA, Meadow ME, Xie Y, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Reliable generation of glial enriched progenitors from human fibroblast-derived iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102458. [PMID: 34274773 PMCID: PMC8444576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter stroke (WMS) occurs as small infarcts in deep penetrating blood vessels in the brain and affects the regions of the brain that carry connections, termed the subcortical white matter. WMS progresses over years and has devastating clinical consequences. Unlike large grey matter strokes, WMS disrupts the axonal architecture of the brain and depletes astrocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells, axons and myelinating cells, resulting in abnormalities of gait and executive function. An astrocytic cell-based therapy is positioned as a strong therapeutic candidate after WMS. In this study we report, the reliable generation of a novel stem cell-based therapeutic product, glial enriched progenitors (GEPs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). By transient treatment of hiPSC derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPCs) with the small molecule deferoxamine, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, for three days hiPSC-NPCs become permanently biased towards an astrocytic fate, producing hiPSC-GEPs. In preparation for clinical application, we have developed qualification assays to ensure identity, safety, purity, and viability of the cells prior to manufacture. Using tailored q-RT-PCR-based assays, we have demonstrated the lack of pluripotency in our final therapeutic candidate cells (hiPSC-GEPs) and we have identified the unique genetic profile of hiPSC-GEPs that is clearly distinct from the parent lines, hiPSCs and iPSC-NPCs. After completion of the viability assay, we have stablished the therapeutic window of use for hiPSC-GEPs in future clinical applications (7 h). Lastly, we were able to reliably and consistently produce a safe therapeutic final product negative for contamination by any human or murine viral pathogens, selected bacteria, common laboratory mycoplasmas, growth of any aerobes, anaerobes, yeast, or fungi and 100 times less endotoxin levels than the maximum acceptable value. This study demonstrates the reliable and safe generation of patient derived hiPSC-GEPs that are clinically ready as a cell-based therapeutic approach for WMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Llorente
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Emily A Hatanaka
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
| | - Michael E Meadow
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, USA
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11
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Saroj P, Bansal Y, Singh R, Akhtar A, Sodhi RK, Bishnoi M, Sah SP, Kuhad A. Neuroprotective effects of roflumilast against quinolinic acid-induced rat model of Huntington's disease through inhibition of NF-κB mediated neuroinflammatory markers and activation of cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:499-511. [PMID: 33517508 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative and hyperkinetic movement disorder. Decreased activity of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is thought to contribute to the death of striatal medium spiny neurons in HD. The present study has been designed to explore the possible role of roflumilast against qunilonic acid (QA) induced neurotoxicity in rats intending to investigate whether it inhibits the neuroinflammatory response through activation of the cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. QA was microinjected (200 nmol/2 µl, bilaterally) through the intrastriatal route in the stereotaxic apparatus. Roflumilast (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, orally) once-daily treatment for 21 days significantly improved locomotor activity in actophotometer, motor coordination in rotarod, and impaired gait performance in narrow beam walk test. Moreover, roflumilast treatment significantly attenuated oxidative and nitrosative stress (p < 0.05) through attenuating lipid peroxidation nitrite concentration and enhancing reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. Furthermore, roflumilast also significantly decreased elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.01), IFN-γ (p < 0.05), NF-κB (p < 0.05) and significantly increased BDNF(p < 0.05) in the striatum and cortex of rat brain. The results further demonstrated that roflumilast effectively increased the gene expression of cAMP(p < 0.05), CREB(p < 0.05) and decreased the gene expression of PDE4 (p < 0.05) in qRT-PCR. These results conclusively depicted that roflumilast could be a potential candidate as an effective therapeutic agent in the management of HD through the cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saroj
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Sodhi
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institue (NABI), Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
- Department of Physiology, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Science (UIPS), UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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12
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Kinboshi M, Ikeda A, Ohno Y. Role of Astrocytic Inwardly Rectifying Potassium (Kir) 4.1 Channels in Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:626658. [PMID: 33424762 PMCID: PMC7786246 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.626658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate potassium and glutamate homeostasis via inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) 4.1 channels in synapses, maintaining normal neural excitability. Numerous studies have shown that dysfunction of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels is involved in epileptogenesis in humans and animal models of epilepsy. Specifically, Kir4.1 channel inhibition by KCNJ10 gene mutation or expressional down-regulation increases the extracellular levels of potassium ions and glutamate in synapses and causes hyperexcitation of neurons. Moreover, recent investigations demonstrated that inhibition of Kir4.1 channels facilitates the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important modulator of epileptogenesis, in astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the role of astrocytic Kir4.1 channels in epileptogenesis, with a focus on functional and expressional changes in Kir4.1 channels and their regulation of BDNF secretion. We also discuss the potential of Kir4.1 channels as a therapeutic target for the prevention of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kinboshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan.,Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Ikeda
- Department of Epilepsy, Movement Disorders and Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohno
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki, Japan
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13
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Urbina-Varela R, Soto-Espinoza MI, Vargas R, Quiñones L, Del Campo A. Influence of BDNF Genetic Polymorphisms in the Pathophysiology of Aging-related Diseases. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1513-1526. [PMID: 33269104 PMCID: PMC7673859 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time in history, most of the population has a life expectancy equal or greater than 60 years. By the year 2050, it is expected that the world population in that age range will reach 2000 million, an increase of 900 million with respect to 2015, which poses new challenges for health systems. In this way, it is relevant to analyze the most common diseases associated with the aging process, namely Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson Disease and Type II Diabetes, some of which may have a common genetic component that can be detected before manifesting, in order to delay their progress. Genetic inheritance and epigenetics are factors that could be linked in the development of these pathologies. Some researchers indicate that the BDNF gene is a common factor of these diseases, and apparently some of its polymorphisms favor the progression of them. In this regard, alterations in the level of BDNF expression and secretion, due to polymorphisms, could be linked to the development and/or progression of neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. In this review we will deepen on the different polymorphisms in the BDNF gene and their possible association with age-related pathologies, to open the possibilities of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Urbina-Varela
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Romina Vargas
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Quiñones
- 3Laboratorio de Carcinogenesis Química y Farmacogenética (CQF), Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Andrea Del Campo
- 1Laboratorio de Fisiología y Bioenergética Celular, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Rana T, Behl T, Sehgal A, Srivastava P, Bungau S. Unfolding the Role of BDNF as a Biomarker for Treatment of Depression. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:2008-2021. [PMID: 33230708 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a well-known disabling mental illness characterized by sadness, loss of interest in activities, and decreased energy. The symptoms of depression are usually recurrent in vulnerable individuals, and persistence of symptoms significantly impairs individuals' quality of life. The exact pathophysiology of depression remains ambiguous, though many hypotheses have been proposed. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has recently been reported to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of depression. BDNF is an important neurotrophic factor found in the human brain and is involved in neuronal growth and proliferation, synaptic neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. The neurotrophic theory of depression proposes that depression results from reduced BDNF levels in the brain, which can be treated with antidepressants to alleviate depressive behavior and increase BDNF levels. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and in antidepressant therapy. The studies mentioned in this review article greatly support the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and treatment of this disorder with antidepressants. Since abnormalities in BDNF levels lead to the production of diverse insults that amplify the development or progression of depression, it is important to study and explore BDNF impairment in relation to depression, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis, and increasing BDNF levels through antidepressant therapy, showing positive response in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapati Rana
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Government Pharmacy College, Seraj, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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15
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Posada-Duque RA, Cardona-Gómez GP. CDK5 Targeting as a Therapy for Recovering Neurovascular Unit Integrity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 82:S141-S161. [PMID: 33016916 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is responsible for synchronizing the energetic demand, vasodynamic changes, and neurochemical and electrical function of the brain through a closed and interdependent interaction of cell components conforming to brain tissue. In this review, we will focus on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) as a molecular pivot, which plays a crucial role in the healthy function of neurons, astrocytes, and the endothelium and is implicated in the cross-talk of cellular adhesion signaling, ion transmission, and cytoskeletal remodeling, thus allowing the individual and interconnected homeostasis of cerebral parenchyma. Then, we discuss how CDK5 overactivation affects the integrity of the NVU in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive impairment; we emphasize how CDK5 is involved in the excitotoxicity spreading of glutamate and Ca2+ imbalance under acute and chronic injury. Additionally, we present pharmacological and gene therapy strategies for producing partial depletion of CDK5 activity on neurons, astrocytes, or endothelium to recover neuroplasticity and neurotransmission, suggesting that the NVU should be the targeted tissue unit in protective strategies. Finally, we conclude that CDK5 could be effective due to its intervention on astrocytes by its end feet on the endothelium and neurons, acting as an intermediary cell between systemic and central communication in the brain. This review provides integrated guidance regarding the pathogenesis of and potential repair strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrés Posada-Duque
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Group of Neuroscience of Antioquia, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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16
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Brigadski T, Leßmann V. The physiology of regulated BDNF release. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:15-45. [PMID: 32944867 PMCID: PMC7529619 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophic factor BDNF is an important regulator for the development of brain circuits, for synaptic and neuronal network plasticity, as well as for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. Up- and downregulations of BDNF levels in human blood and tissue are associated with, e.g., neurodegenerative, neurological, or even cardiovascular diseases. The changes in BDNF concentration are caused by altered dynamics in BDNF expression and release. To understand the relevance of major variations of BDNF levels, detailed knowledge regarding physiological and pathophysiological stimuli affecting intra- and extracellular BDNF concentration is important. Most work addressing the molecular and cellular regulation of BDNF expression and release have been performed in neuronal preparations. Therefore, this review will summarize the stimuli inducing release of BDNF, as well as molecular mechanisms regulating the efficacy of BDNF release, with a focus on cells originating from the brain. Further, we will discuss the current knowledge about the distinct stimuli eliciting regulated release of BDNF under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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17
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Marin C, Bonastre M, Fuentes M, Mullol J. Lack of correlation between dyskinesia and pallidal serotonin transporter expression-induced by L-Dopa and Pramipexole in hemiparkinsonian rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 197:173012. [PMID: 32750392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of pallidal serotonergic terminals in the development of L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been recently highlighted correlating pallidal serotonin transporter (SERT) expression levels with dyskinesias severity. However, the role of external globus pallidus (GPe, GP in rodents) serotonergic function in LIDs is still controversial since several studies have shown no differences in GPe serotonin (SER) and SERT levels between dyskinetic and non-dyskinetic PD patients. In addition, the increase in pallidal SERT/dopamine transporter (DAT) binding ratio obtained in positron emission tomography studies has been shown similar in both subtypes of PD patients. Based on these controversial results, further studies are required to clarify the possible involvement of GPe serotonergic activity in LIDs expression. We investigated the pallidal SER and SERT expression changes and the abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) induced by L-Dopa or the D3/D2 dopamine (DA) agonist, Pramipexole, in partial unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. L-Dopa treatment led to an increment of axial (p < 0.01), limb (p < 0.01), and orolingual (p < 0.01) AIMs. However, Pramipexole treatment did not induce AIMs. The number of GP SERT-positive axon varicosities was increased in L-Dopa (p < 0.05) and Pramipexole (p < 0.01) treated rats. No differences were observed in the number of GP SERT-positive varicosities between L-Dopa and Pramipexole treatments. Our results indicate a lack of correlation between GP SERT expression levels and the development of AIMs suggesting that pallidal serotonergic fibers are not responsible for LIDs. The possible involvement of the SER system in dyskinesia may include other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepció Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mercè Bonastre
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mireya Fuentes
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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18
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Fernández-García S, Sancho-Balsells A, Longueville S, Hervé D, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Alberch J, Giralt A. Astrocytic BDNF and TrkB regulate severity and neuronal activity in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:411. [PMID: 32483154 PMCID: PMC7264221 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have emerged as crucial regulators of neuronal network activity, synapse formation, and underlying behavioral and cognitive processes. Despite some pathways have been identified, the communication between astrocytes and neurons remains to be completely elucidated. Unraveling this communication is crucial to design potential treatments for neurological disorders like temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The BDNF and TrkB molecules have emerged as very promising therapeutic targets. However, their modulation can be accompanied by several off-target effects such as excitotoxicity in case of uncontrolled upregulation or dementia, amnesia, and other memory disorders in case of downregulation. Here, we show that BDNF and TrkB from astrocytes modulate neuronal dysfunction in TLE models. First, conditional overexpression of BDNF from astrocytes worsened the phenotype in the lithium-pilocarpine mouse model. Our evidences pointed out to the astrocytic pro-BDNF isoform as a major player of this altered phenotype. Conversely, specific genetic deletion of BDNF in astrocytes prevented the increase in the number of firing neurons and the global firing rate in an in vitro model of TLE. Regarding to the TrkB, we generated mice with a genetic deletion of TrkB specifically in hippocampal neurons or astrocytes. Interestingly, both lines displayed neuroprotection in the lithium-pilocarpine model but only the mice with genetic deletion of TrkB in astrocytes showed significantly preserved spatial learning skills. These data identify the astrocytic BDNF and TrkB molecules as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-García
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Longueville
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain. .,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Sharma P, Kumar A, Singh D. Dietary Flavonoids Interaction with CREB-BDNF Pathway: An Unconventional Approach for Comprehensive Management of Epilepsy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:1158-1175. [PMID: 31400269 PMCID: PMC7057203 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190809165549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a key transcriptional regulator that regulates the transcription of genes related with neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is a CREB dependent gene which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and central comorbid conditions associated with epilepsy. However, the beneficial or detrimental consequences of CREB-BDNF activation on the induction and/or progression of seizures depend specifically on the region of brain involved and the time of activation. The bioactive molecules that alter the activity of CREB in a way to have specialized effects in different brain regions and neural circuits involved could potentially be utilized for therapeutic purposes. Flavonoids are the polyphenolic compounds which lead to phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampus, followed by increase in extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and BDNF. Several members of flavonoid family have also showed suppression of epileptic seizures via interaction with CREB/BDNF pathway. Moreover, epilepsy is often accompanied by a number of behavioural and psychological comorbid conditions that further gets aggravated by the use of conventional antiepileptic drug therapy. Multiple studies have also supported the beneficial effects of flavonoids in cognitive and memory impairments by upregulation of CREB-BDNF pathway. The current review is an attempt to collate the available preclinical and clinical studies to establish the therapeutic potential of various dietary flavonoids in comprehensive management of epilepsy with relation to CREB-BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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20
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Helios modulates the maturation of a CA1 neuronal subpopulation required for spatial memory formation. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113095. [PMID: 31712124 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, molecular, electrophysiological and structural studies delineate several neural subtypes in the hippocampus. However, the precise developmental mechanisms that lead to this diversity are still unknown. Here we show that alterations in a concrete hippocampal neuronal subpopulation during development specifically affect hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. We observed that the genetic deletion of the transcription factor Helios in mice, which is specifically expressed in developing hippocampal calbindin-positive CA1 pyramidal neurons (CB-CA1-PNs), induces adult alterations affecting spatial memory. In the same mice, CA3-CA1 synaptic plasticity and spine density and morphology in adult CB-CA1-PNs were severely compromised. RNAseq experiments in developing hippocampus identified an aberrant increase on the Visinin-like protein 1 (VSNL1) expression in the hippocampi devoid of Helios. This aberrant increase on VSNL1 levels was localized in the CB-CA1-PNs. Normalization of VSNL1 levels in CB-CA1-PNs devoid of Helios rescued their spine loss in vitro. Our study identifies a novel and specific developmental molecular pathway involved in the maturation and function of a CA1 pyramidal neuronal subtype.
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21
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Creus-Muncunill J, Ehrlich ME. Cell-Autonomous and Non-cell-Autonomous Pathogenic Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:957-978. [PMID: 31529216 PMCID: PMC6985401 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expansion in the trinucleotide CAG repeat in exon-1 in the huntingtin gene, located on chromosome 4. When the number of trinucleotide CAG exceeds 40 repeats, disease invariably is manifested, characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. The huntingtin (Htt) protein and its mutant form (mutant huntingtin, mHtt) are ubiquitously expressed but although multiple brain regions are affected, the most vulnerable brain region is the striatum. Striatal medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) preferentially degenerate, followed by the cortical pyramidal neurons located in layers V and VI. Proposed HD pathogenic mechanisms include, but are not restricted to, excitotoxicity, neurotrophic support deficits, collapse of the protein degradation mechanisms, mitochondrial dysfunction, transcriptional alterations, and disorders of myelin. Studies performed in cell type-specific and regionally selective HD mouse models implicate both MSN cell-autonomous properties and cell-cell interactions, particularly corticostriatal but also with non-neuronal cell types. Here, we review the intrinsic properties of MSNs that contribute to their selective vulnerability and in addition, we discuss how astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, together with aberrant corticostriatal connectivity, contribute to HD pathophysiology. In addition, mHtt causes cell-autonomous dysfunction in cell types other than MSNs. These findings have implications in terms of therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing neuronal dysfunction and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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22
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Siracusa R, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S. Astrocytes: Role and Functions in Brain Pathologies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1114. [PMID: 31611796 PMCID: PMC6777416 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors migrate to reach their brain area and related properties. They have a regulatory role of brain functions that are implicated in neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, controlling blood-brain barrier permeability and maintaining extracellular homeostasis. Mature astrocytes also express some genes enriched in cell progenitors, suggesting they can retain proliferative potential. Considering heterogeneity of cell population, it is not surprising that their disorders are related to a wide range of different neuro-pathologies. Brain diseases are characterized by the active inflammatory state of the astrocytes, which is usually described as up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). In particular, the loss of astrocytes function as a result of cellular senescence could have implications for the neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease, and for the aging brain. Astrocytes can also drive the induction and the progression of the inflammatory state due to their Ca2+ signals and that it is strongly related to the disease severity/state. Moreover, they contribute to the altered neuronal activity in several frontal cortex pathologies such as ischemic stroke and epilepsy. There, we describe the current knowledge pertaining to astrocytes' role in brain pathologies and discuss the possibilities to target them as approach toward pharmacological therapies for neuro-pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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23
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Pena SA, Iyengar R, Eshraghi RS, Bencie N, Mittal J, Aljohani A, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Gene therapy for neurological disorders: challenges and recent advancements. J Drug Target 2019; 28:111-128. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1630415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Pena
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Iyengar
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Bencie
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Aljohani
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hearing Research Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Peteri UK, Niukkanen M, Castrén ML. Astrocytes in Neuropathologies Affecting the Frontal Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:44. [PMID: 30809131 PMCID: PMC6379461 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To an increasing extent, astrocytes are connected with various neuropathologies. Astrocytes comprise of a heterogeneous population of cells with region- and species-specific properties. The frontal cortex exhibits high levels of plasticity that is required for high cognitive functions and memory making this region especially susceptible to damage. Aberrations in the frontal cortex are involved with several cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an alternative for disease modeling and offer possibilities for studies to investigate pathological mechanisms in a cell type-specific manner. Patient-specific iPSC-derived astrocytes have been shown to recapitulate several disease phenotypes. Addressing astrocyte heterogeneity may provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla-Kaisa Peteri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Niukkanen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija L Castrén
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Suelves N, Miguez A, López-Benito S, Barriga GGD, Giralt A, Alvarez-Periel E, Arévalo JC, Alberch J, Ginés S, Brito V. Early Downregulation of p75 NTR by Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches Delays the Onset of Motor Deficits and Striatal Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:935-953. [PMID: 29804232 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) delivery and/or BDNF/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling may contribute to neurotrophic support reduction and selective early degeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease (HD). Furthermore, we and others have demonstrated that TrkB/p75NTR imbalance in vitro increases the vulnerability of striatal neurons to excitotoxic insults and induces corticostriatal synaptic alterations. We have now expanded these studies by analyzing the consequences of BDNF/TrkB/p75NTR imbalance in the onset of motor behavior and striatal neuropathology in HD mice. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the onset of motor coordination abnormalities, in a full-length knock-in HD mouse model (KI), correlates with the reduction of BDNF and TrkB levels, along with an increase in p75NTR expression. Genetic normalization of p75NTR expression in KI mutant mice delayed the onset of motor deficits and striatal neuropathology, as shown by restored levels of striatal-enriched proteins and dendritic spine density and reduced huntingtin aggregation. We found that the BDNF/TrkB/p75NTR imbalance led to abnormal BDNF signaling, manifested as a diminished activation of TrkB-phospholipase C-gamma pathway but upregulation of c-Jun kinase pathway. Moreover, we confirmed the contribution of the proper balance of BDNF/TrkB/p75NTR on HD pathology by a pharmacological approach using fingolimod. We observed that chronic infusion of fingolimod normalizes p75NTR levels, which is likely to improve motor coordination and striatal neuropathology in HD transgenic mice. We conclude that downregulation of p75NTR expression can delay disease progression suggesting that therapeutic approaches aimed to restore the balance between BDNF, TrkB, and p75NTR could be promising to prevent motor deficits in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Suelves
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Miguez
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Saray López-Benito
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gerardo García-Díaz Barriga
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Alvarez-Periel
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Arévalo
- Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurosciències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Conditional BDNF Delivery from Astrocytes Rescues Memory Deficits, Spine Density, and Synaptic Properties in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2441-2458. [PMID: 30700530 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2121-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are severely affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their administration faces a myriad of technical challenges. Here we took advantage of the early astrogliosis observed in an amyloid mouse model of AD (5xFAD) and used it as an internal sensor to administer BDNF conditionally and locally. We first demonstrate the relevance of BDNF release from astrocytes by evaluating the effects of coculturing WT neurons and BDNF-deficient astrocytes. Next, we crossed 5xFAD mice with pGFAP:BDNF mice (only males were used) to create 5xFAD mice that overexpress BDNF when and where astrogliosis is initiated (5xF:pGB mice). We evaluated the behavioral phenotype of these mice. We first found that BDNF from astrocytes is crucial for dendrite outgrowth and spine number in cultured WT neurons. Double-mutant 5xF:pGB mice displayed improvements in cognitive tasks compared with 5xFAD littermates. In these mice, there was a rescue of BDNF/TrkB downstream signaling activity associated with an improvement of dendritic spine density and morphology. Clusters of synaptic markers, PSD-95 and synaptophysin, were also recovered in 5xF:pGB compared with 5xFAD mice as well as the number of presynaptic vesicles at excitatory synapses. Additionally, experimentally evoked LTP in vivo was increased in 5xF:pGB mice. The beneficial effects of conditional BDNF production and local delivery at the location of active neuropathology highlight the potential to use endogenous biomarkers with early onset, such as astrogliosis, as regulators of neurotrophic therapy in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent evidence places astrocytes as pivotal players during synaptic plasticity and memory processes. In the present work, we first provide evidence that astrocytes are essential for neuronal morphology via BDNF release. We then crossed transgenic mice (5xFAD mice) with the transgenic pGFAP-BDNF mice, which express BDNF under the GFAP promoter. The resultant double-mutant mice 5xF:pGB mice displayed a full rescue of hippocampal BDNF loss and related signaling compared with 5xFAD mice and a significant and specific improvement in all the evaluated cognitive tasks. These improvements did not correlate with amelioration of β amyloid load or hippocampal adult neurogenesis rate but were accompanied by a dramatic recovery of structural and functional synaptic plasticity.
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27
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Morris G, Fernandes BS, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Leaky brain in neurological and psychiatric disorders: Drivers and consequences. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2018; 52:924-948. [PMID: 30231628 DOI: 10.1177/0004867418796955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly regulated interface; its dysfunction may exacerbate, and perhaps initiate, neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS In this narrative review, focussing on redox, inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways and their effects on the blood-brain barrier, a model is proposed detailing mechanisms which might explain how increases in blood-brain barrier permeability occur and can be maintained with increasing inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress being the initial drivers. RESULTS Peripheral inflammation, which is causatively implicated in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, is associated with elevated peripheral pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn cause increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and reactive nitrogen species, such as nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, play essential roles in normal brain capillary endothelial cell functioning; however, chronically elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to the blood-brain barrier. Activated microglia, redox control of which is mediated by nitric oxide synthases and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, secrete neurotoxic molecules such as reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandin, cyclooxygenase-2, quinolinic acid, several chemokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 [CXCL-1] and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α [MIP-1α]) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, which can exert a detrimental effect on blood-brain barrier integrity and function. Similarly, reactive astrocytes produce neurotoxic molecules such as prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can cause a 'leaky brain'. CONCLUSION Chronic inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress is associated with the development of a 'leaky gut'. The following evidence-based approaches, which address the leaky gut and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, are suggested as potential therapeutic interventions for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders: melatonin, statins, probiotics containing Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, N-acetylcysteine, and prebiotics containing fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brisa S Fernandes
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- 3 Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam J Walker
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- 2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- 1 IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,4 Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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28
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Joshi CR, Raghavan V, Vijayaraghavalu S, Gao Y, Saraswathy M, Labhasetwar V, Ghorpade A. Reaching for the Stars in the Brain: Polymer-Mediated Gene Delivery to Human Astrocytes. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:645-657. [PMID: 30081235 PMCID: PMC6082920 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the "star-shaped" glial cells, are appealing gene-delivery targets to treat neurological diseases due to their diverse roles in brain homeostasis and disease. Cationic polymers have successfully delivered genes to mammalian cells and hence present a viable, non-immunogenic alternative to widely used viral vectors. In this study, we investigated the gene delivery potential of a series of arginine- and polyethylene glycol-modified, siloxane-based polyethylenimine analogs in primary cultured human neural cells (neurons and astrocytes) and in mice. Plasmid DNAs encoding luciferase reporter were used to measure gene expression. We hypothesized that polyplexes with arginine would help in cellular transport of the DNA, including across the blood-brain barrier; polyethylene glycol will stabilize polyethylenimine and reduce its toxicity while maintaining its DNA-condensing ability. Polyplexes were non-toxic to human neural cells and red blood cells. Cellular uptake of polyplexes and sustained gene expression were seen in human astrocytes as well as in mouse brains post-intravenous-injections. The polyplexes also delivered and expressed genes driven by astrocyte-restricted glial fibrillary acidic protein promoters, which are weaker than viral promoters. To our knowledge, the presented work validates a biocompatible and effective polymer-facilitated gene-delivery system for both human brain cells and mice for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya R Joshi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Vijay Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sivakumar Vijayaraghavalu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Manju Saraswathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Park H. Cortical Axonal Secretion of BDNF in the Striatum Is Disrupted in the Mutant-huntingtin Knock-in Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:217-225. [PMID: 30022873 PMCID: PMC6050413 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficient BDNF signaling is known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD). Mutant huntingtin (mhtt)-mediated disruption of either BDNF transcription or transport is thought to be a factor contributing to striatal atrophy in the HD brain. Whether and how activity-dependent BDNF secretion is affected by the mhtt remains unclear. In the present study, I provide evidence for differential effects of the mhtt on cortical BDNF secretion in the striatum during HD progression. By two-photon imaging of fluorescent BDNF sensor (BDNF-pHluorin and -EGFP) in acute striatal slices of HD knock-in model mice, I found deficient cortical BDNF secretion regardless of the HD onset, but antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated reduction of htts only rescues BDNF secretion in the early HD brain before the disease onset. Although secretion modes of individual BDNF-containing vesicle were not altered in the pre-symptomatic brain, the full-fusion and partial-fusion modes of BDNF-containing vesicles were significantly altered after the onset of HD symptoms. Thus, besides abnormal BDNF transcription and transport, our results suggest that mhtt-mediated alteration in activity-dependent BDNF secretion at corticostriatal synapses also contributes to the development of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Park
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Molecular Neurobiology Lab, Department of Structure and Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
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30
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Blum D, Chern Y, Domenici MR, Buée L, Lin CY, Rea W, Ferré S, Popoli P. The Role of Adenosine Tone and Adenosine Receptors in Huntington's Disease. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018; 8:43-58. [PMID: 30023989 PMCID: PMC6049521 DOI: 10.1089/caff.2018.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the IT15 gene that encodes for the huntingtin protein. Mutated hungtingtin, although widely expressed in the brain, predominantly affects striato-pallidal neurons, particularly enriched with adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), suggesting a possible involvement of adenosine and A2AR is the pathogenesis of HD. In fact, polymorphic variation in the ADORA2A gene influences the age at onset in HD, and A2AR dynamics is altered by mutated huntingtin. Basal levels of adenosine and adenosine receptors are involved in many processes critical for neuronal function and homeostasis, including modulation of synaptic activity and excitotoxicity, the control of neurotrophin levels and functions, and the regulation of protein degradation mechanisms. In the present review, we critically analyze the current literature involving the effect of altered adenosine tone and adenosine receptors in HD and discuss why therapeutics that modulate the adenosine system may represent a novel approach for the treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maria Rosaria Domenici
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William Rea
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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31
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Sharma P, Sharma S, Singh D. Apigenin reverses behavioural impairments and cognitive decline in kindled mice via CREB-BDNF upregulation in the hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:118-127. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1478653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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32
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Hillen AEJ, Burbach JPH, Hol EM. Cell adhesion and matricellular support by astrocytes of the tripartite synapse. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 165-167:66-86. [PMID: 29444459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to the formation, function, and plasticity of synapses. Their processes enwrap the neuronal components of the tripartite synapse, and due to this close interaction they are perfectly positioned to modulate neuronal communication. The interaction between astrocytes and synapses is facilitated by cell adhesion molecules and matricellular proteins, which have been implicated in the formation and functioning of tripartite synapses. The importance of such neuron-astrocyte integration at the synapse is underscored by the emerging role of astrocyte dysfunction in synaptic pathologies such as autism and schizophrenia. Here we review astrocyte-expressed cell adhesion molecules and matricellular molecules that play a role in integration of neurons and astrocytes within the tripartite synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E J Hillen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics/Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter H Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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García-Díaz Barriga G, Giralt A, Anglada-Huguet M, Gaja-Capdevila N, Orlandi JG, Soriano J, Canals JM, Alberch J. 7,8-dihydroxyflavone ameliorates cognitive and motor deficits in a Huntington's disease mouse model through specific activation of the PLCγ1 pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3144-3160. [PMID: 28541476 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with motor, cognitive and psychiatric impairment. Dysfunctions in HD models have been related to reduced levels of striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and imbalance between its receptors TrkB and p75(NTR). Thus, molecules with activity on the BDNF/TrkB/p75 system can have therapeutic potential. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) was described as a TrkB agonist in several models of neuro-degenerative diseases, however, its TrkB activation profile needs further investigation due to its pleiotropic properties and divergence from BDNF effect. To investigate this, we used in vitro and in vivo models of HD to dissect TrkB activation upon 7,8-DHF treatment. 7,8-DHF treatment in primary cultures showed phosphorylation of TrkBY816 but not TrkBY515 with activation of the PLCγ1 pathway leading to morphological and functional improvements. Chronic administration of 7,8-DHF delayed motor deficits in R6/1 mice and reversed deficits on the Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) at 17 weeks. Morphological and biochemical analyses revealed improved striatal levels of enkephalin, and prevention of striatal volume loss. We found a TrkBY816 but not TrkBY515 phosphorylation recovery in striatum concordant with in vitro results. Additionally, 7,8-DHF normalized striatal levels of induced and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (iNOS and nNOS, respectively) and ameliorated the imbalance of p75/TrkB. Our results provide new insights into the mechanism of action of 7,8-DHF suggesting that its effect through the TrkB receptor in striatum is via selective phosphorylation of its Y816 residue and activation of PLCγ1 pathway, but pleiotropic effects of the drug also contribute to its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo García-Díaz Barriga
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Anglada-Huguet
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Gaja-Capdevila
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier G Orlandi
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Soriano
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Canals
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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34
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Phillips C. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression, and Physical Activity: Making the Neuroplastic Connection. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:7260130. [PMID: 28928987 PMCID: PMC5591905 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7260130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that is vital to the survival, growth, and maintenance of neurons in key brain circuits involved in emotional and cognitive function. Convergent evidence indicates that neuroplastic mechanisms involving BDNF are deleteriously altered in major depressive disorder (MDD) and animal models of stress. Herein, clinical and preclinical evidence provided that stress-induced depressive pathology contributes to altered BDNF level and function in persons with MDD and, thereby, disruptions in neuroplasticity at the regional and circuit level. Conversely, effective therapeutics that mitigate depressive-related symptoms (e.g., antidepressants and physical activity) optimize BDNF in key brain regions, promote neuronal health and recovery of function in MDD-related circuits, and enhance pharmacotherapeutic response. A greater knowledge of the interrelationship between BDNF, depression, therapeutic mechanisms of action, and neuroplasticity is important as it necessarily precedes the derivation and deployment of more efficacious treatments.
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35
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Viveros-Paredes JM, González-Castañeda RE, Gertsch J, Chaparro-Huerta V, López-Roa RI, Vázquez-Valls E, Beas-Zarate C, Camins-Espuny A, Flores-Soto ME. Neuroprotective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by MPTP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030060. [PMID: 28684694 PMCID: PMC5620604 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the causes of PD are not understood, evidence suggests that its pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies have suggested a protective role of the cannabinoid signalling system in PD. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is an agonist of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R). Previous studies have suggested that BCP exerts prophylactic and/or curative effects against inflammatory bowel disease through its antioxidative and/or anti-inflammatory action. The present study describes the neuroprotective effects of BCP in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced murine model of PD, and we report the results of our investigation of its neuroprotective mechanism in neurons and glial cells. In the murine model, BCP pretreatment ameliorated motor dysfunction, protected against dopaminergic neuronal losses in the SN and striatum, and alleviated MPTP-induced glia activation. Additionally, BCP inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the nigrostriatal system. The observed neuroprotection and inhibited glia activation were reversed upon treatment with the CB2R selective antagonist AM630, confirming the involvement of the CB2R. These results indicate that BCP acts via multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in our murine model and suggest that BCP may be viewed as a potential treatment and/or preventative agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Viveros-Paredes
- Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Rocio E González-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Juerg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR Trans Cure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Veronica Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44421 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Rocio I López-Roa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Valls
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44421 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Antoni Camins-Espuny
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario E Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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36
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Schneider MA, Andreazza T, Fontanari AMV, Costa AB, Silva DCD, Aguiar BWD, Massuda R, Pedrini M, Gama CS, Schwarz K, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Lobato MIR. Serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients diagnosed with gender dysphoria undergoing sex reassignment surgery. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017; 39:43-47. [PMID: 28403322 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Transsexualism (ICD-10) is a condition characterized by a strong and persistent dissociation with one's assigned gender. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) and hormone therapy provide a means of allowing transsexual individuals to feel more congruent with their gender and have played a major role in treatment over the past 70 years. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) appears to play a key role in recovery from acute surgical trauma and environmentally mediated vulnerability to psychopathology. We hypothesize that BDNF may be a biomarker of alleviation of gender incongruence suffering. Objectives: To measure preoperative and postoperative serum BDNF levels in transsexual individuals as a biomarker of alleviation of stress related to gender incongruence after SRS. Methods: Thirty-two male-to-female transsexual people who underwent both surgery and hormonal treatment were selected from our initial sample. BDNF serum levels were assessed before and after SRS with sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The time elapsed between the pre-SRS and post-SRS blood collections was also measured. Results: No significant difference was found in pre-SRS or post-SRS BDNF levels or with relation to the time elapsed after SRS when BDNF levels were measured. Conclusion: Alleviation of the suffering related to gender incongruence after SRS cannot be assessed by BDNF alone. Surgical solutions may not provide a quick fix for psychological distress associated with transsexualism and SRS may serve as one step toward, rather than as the conclusion of, construction of a person's gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko A Schneider
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tahiana Andreazza
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anna Martha V Fontanari
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo B Costa
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dhiordan C da Silva
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca W de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S Gama
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Schwarz
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Kauer-Sant'Anna
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ines R Lobato
- Programa de Identidade de Gênero (Protig), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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37
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Destination Brain: the Past, Present, and Future of Therapeutic Gene Delivery. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:51-83. [PMID: 28160121 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases and disorders (NDDs) present a significant societal burden and currently available drug- and biological-based therapeutic strategies have proven inadequate to alleviate it. Gene therapy is a suitable alternative to treat NDDs compared to conventional systems since it can be tailored to specifically alter select gene expression, reverse disease phenotype and restore normal function. The scope of gene therapy has broadened over the years with the advent of RNA interference and genome editing technologies. Consequently, encouraging results from central nervous system (CNS)-targeted gene delivery studies have led to their transition from preclinical to clinical trials. As we shift to an exciting gene therapy era, a retrospective of available literature on CNS-associated gene delivery is in order. This review is timely in this regard, since it analyzes key challenges and major findings from the last two decades and evaluates future prospects of brain gene delivery. We emphasize major areas consisting of physiological and pharmacological challenges in gene therapy, function-based selection of a ideal cellular target(s), available therapy modalities, and diversity of viral vectors and nanoparticles as vehicle systems. Further, we present plausible answers to key questions such as strategies to circumvent low blood-brain barrier permeability and most suitable CNS cell types for targeting. We compare and contrast pros and cons of the tested viral vectors in the context of delivery systems used in past and current clinical trials. Gene vector design challenges are also evaluated in the context of cell-specific promoters. Key challenges and findings reported for recent gene therapy clinical trials, assessing viral vectors and nanoparticles are discussed from the perspective of bench to bedside gene therapy translation. We conclude this review by tying together gene delivery challenges, available vehicle systems and comprehensive analyses of neuropathogenesis to outline future prospects of CNS-targeted gene therapies.
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38
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Trehalose rescues glial cell dysfunction in striatal cultures from HD R6/1 mice at early postnatal development. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 74:128-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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39
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Lee KM, Lee Y, Chun HJ, Kim AH, Kim JY, Lee JY, Ishigami A, Lee J. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of morin in a murine model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:865-78. [PMID: 27265894 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the causes of PD are not understood, evidence suggests that oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation are associated with its pathogenesis. Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonol found in wine and many herbs and fruits. Previous studies have suggested that morin prevents oxidative damage and inflammation and ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study describes the neuroprotective effects of morin in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD, and we report the results of our investigation into its neuroprotective mechanism in primary neurons and astrocytes. In the mouse model, morin pretreatment ameliorated motor dysfunction, protected against dopaminergic neuronal losses in SN and striatum, and alleviated MPTP-induced astrocyte activation. In vitro studies revealed that morin protected primary cultured neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP(+) )-mediated reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption. In addition, morin effectively reduced MPP(+) -induced astroglial activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB in primary cultured astrocytes. These results indicate that morin acts via multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in our mouse model and suggest that morin be viewed as a potential treatment and preventative for PD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Moon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Chun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yeon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Fink KD, Deng P, Torrest A, Stewart H, Pollock K, Gruenloh W, Annett G, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Nolta JA. Developing stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington's disease. Regen Med 2016; 10:623-46. [PMID: 26237705 PMCID: PMC6785015 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have been explored as a new avenue for the treatment of neurologic disease and damage within the CNS in part due to their native ability to mimic repair mechanisms in the brain. Mesenchymal stem cells have been of particular clinical interest due to their ability to release beneficial neurotrophic factors and their ability to foster a neuroprotective microenviroment. While early stem cell transplantation therapies have been fraught with technical and political concerns as well as limited clinical benefits, mesenchymal stem cell therapies have been shown to be clinically beneficial and derivable from nonembryonic, adult sources. The focus of this review will be on emerging and extant stem cell therapies for juvenile and adult-onset Huntington’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Heather Stewart
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - William Gruenloh
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
| | - Teresa Tempkin
- GenomeCenter, Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of California, 451 Health Sciences Dr. Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health Systems, 4860 Y Street Sacramento, CA, 95817 USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program & Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health Systems, 2921 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento, CA, USA 95817
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Xing Y, Wen CY, Li ST, Xia ZX. Non-viral liposome-mediated transfer of brain-derived neurotrophic factor across the blood-brain barrier. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:617-22. [PMID: 27212923 PMCID: PMC4870919 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.180747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in the repair of central nervous system injury, but cannot directly traverse the blood-brain barrier. Liposomes are a new type of non-viral vector, able to carry macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier and into the brain. Here, we investigate whether BDNF could be transported across the blood-brain barrier by tail-vein injection of liposomes conjugated to transferrin (Tf) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), and carrying BDNF modified with cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV) or glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter (pGFAP) (Tf-pCMV-BDNF-PEG and Tf-pGFAP-BDNF-PEG, respectively). Both liposomes were able to traverse the blood-brain barrier, and BDNF was mainly expressed in the cerebral cortex. BDNF expression in the cerebral cortex was higher in the Tf-pGFAP-BDNF-PEG group than in the Tf-pCMV-BDNF-PEG group. This study demonstrates the successful construction of a non-virus targeted liposome, Tf-pGFAP-BDNF-PEG, which crosses the blood-brain barrier and is distributed in the cerebral cortex. Our work provides an experimental basis for BDNF-related targeted drug delivery in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xing
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wen
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Song-Tao Li
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zong-Xin Xia
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Central Hospital of Baishan City, Baishan, Jilin Province, China
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Vartak-Sharma N, Nooka S, Ghorpade A. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) and the A(E)Ging HIV/AIDS-HAND. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:133-157. [PMID: 27090750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent attempts to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-induced gene expression changes in astrocytes uncovered a multifunctional oncogene, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Our previous studies revealed that AEG-1 regulates reactive astrocytes proliferation, migration and inflammation, hallmarks of aging and CNS injury. Moreover, the involvement of AEG-1 in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease and migraine, and its induction in the aged brain suggest a plausible role in regulating overall CNS homeostasis and aging. Therefore, it is important to investigate AEG-1 specifically in aging-associated cognitive decline. In this study, we decipher the common mechanistic links in cancer, aging and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders that likely contribute to AEG-1-based regulation of astrocyte responses and function. Despite AEG-1 incorporation into HIV-1 virions and its induction by HIV-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, the specific role(s) of AEG-1 in astrocyte-driven HIV-1 neuropathogenesis are incompletely defined. We propose that AEG-1 plays a central role in a multitude of cellular stress responses involving mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleolus. It is thus important to further investigate AEG-1-based cellular and molecular regulation in order to successfully develop better therapeutic approaches that target AEG-1 to combat cancer, HIV-1 and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Vartak-Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Shruthi Nooka
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA
| | - Anuja Ghorpade
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107-2699, USA.
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Yang JW, Ma W, Luo T, Wang DY, Lu JJ, Li XT, Wang TT, Cheng JR, Ru J, Gao Y, Liu J, Liang Z, Yang ZY, Dai P, He YS, Guo XB, Guo JH, Li LY. BDNF promotes human neural stem cell growth via GSK-3β-mediated crosstalk with the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Growth Factors 2016; 34:19-32. [PMID: 27144323 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2016.1157791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays important roles in neural stem cell (NSC) growth. In this study, we investigated whether BDNF exerts its neurotrophic effects through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human embryonic spinal cord NSCs (hESC-NSCs) in vitro. We found an increase in hESC-NSC growth by BDNF overexpression. Furthermore, expression of Wnt1, Frizzled1 and Dsh was upregulated, whereas GSK-3β expression was downregulated. In contrast, hESC-NSC growth was decreased by BDNF RNA interference. BDNF, Wnt1 and β-catenin components were all downregulated, whereas GSK-3β was upregulated. Next, we treated hESC-NSCs with 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), a small molecule inhibitor of GSK-3β. BIO reduced the effects of BDNF upregulation/downregulation on the cell number, soma size and differentiation, and suppressed the effect of BDNF modulation on the Wnt signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that BDNF promotes hESC-NSC growth in vitro through crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and that this interaction may be mediated by GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Yang
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
- b Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Wei Ma
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Tao Luo
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Dong-Yan Wang
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Jian-Jun Lu
- c Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Xing-Tong Li
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Tong-Tong Wang
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Jing-Ru Cheng
- b Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Jin Ru
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
- b Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Yan Gao
- d Department of Pathology , Children's Hospital of Kunming City , Yunnan Kunming , China , and
| | - Jia Liu
- b Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Zhang Liang
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yang
- e Department of Neurosurgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Ping Dai
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Yong-Sheng He
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Xiao-Bing Guo
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- b Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Yunnan Kunming , China
| | - Li-Yan Li
- a Institue of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University , Yunnan Kunming , China
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Pollock K, Dahlenburg H, Nelson H, Fink KD, Cary W, Hendrix K, Annett G, Torrest A, Deng P, Gutierrez J, Nacey C, Pepper K, Kalomoiris S, D Anderson J, McGee J, Gruenloh W, Fury B, Bauer G, Duffy A, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Nolta JA. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Genetically Engineered to Overexpress Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Improve Outcomes in Huntington's Disease Mouse Models. Mol Ther 2016; 24:965-77. [PMID: 26765769 PMCID: PMC4881765 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal degenerative autosomal dominant neuropsychiatric disease that causes neuronal death and is characterized by progressive striatal and then widespread brain atrophy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a lead candidate for the treatment of HD, as it has been shown to prevent cell death and to stimulate the growth and migration of new neurons in the brain in transgenic mouse models. BDNF levels are reduced in HD postmortem human brain. Previous studies have shown efficacy of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC)/BDNF using murine MSCs, and the present study used human MSCs to advance the therapeutic potential of the MSC/BDNF platform for clinical application. Double-blinded studies were performed to examine the effects of intrastriatally transplanted human MSC/BDNF on disease progression in two strains of immune-suppressed HD transgenic mice: YAC128 and R6/2. MSC/BDNF treatment decreased striatal atrophy in YAC128 mice. MSC/BDNF treatment also significantly reduced anxiety as measured in the open-field assay. Both MSC and MSC/BDNF treatments induced a significant increase in neurogenesis-like activity in R6/2 mice. MSC/BDNF treatment also increased the mean lifespan of the R6/2 mice. Our genetically modified MSC/BDNF cells set a precedent for stem cell-based neurotherapeutics and could potentially be modified for other neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and some forms of Parkinson's disease. These cells provide a platform delivery system for future studies involving corrective gene-editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Pollock
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heather Dahlenburg
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Haley Nelson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Whitney Cary
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle Hendrix
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Geralyn Annett
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Audrey Torrest
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joshua Gutierrez
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Catherine Nacey
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Karen Pepper
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Stefanos Kalomoiris
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jeannine McGee
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William Gruenloh
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alexandria Duffy
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Theresa Tempkin
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vicki Wheelock
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
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45
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Stenovec M, Lasič E, Božić M, Bobnar ST, Stout RF, Grubišić V, Parpura V, Zorec R. Ketamine Inhibits ATP-Evoked Exocytotic Release of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Vesicles in Cultured Rat Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6882-6896. [PMID: 26660497 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, astrocytes signal to neighboring cells via regulated exocytotic release of gliosignaling molecules, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent studies uncovered a role of ketamine, an anesthetic and antidepressant, in the regulation of BDNF expression and in the disruption of astrocytic Ca2+ signaling, but it is unclear whether it affects astroglial BDNF release. We investigated whether ketamine affects ATP-evoked Ca2+ signaling and exocytotic release of BDNF at the single-vesicle level in cultured rat astrocytes. Cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding preproBDNF tagged with the pH-sensitive fluorescent protein superecliptic pHluorin, (BDNF-pHse) to load vesicles and measure the release of BDNF-pHse when the exocytotic fusion pore opens and alkalinizes the luminal pH. In addition, cell-attached membrane capacitance changes were recorded to monitor unitary vesicle interaction with the plasma membrane. Intracellular Ca2+ activity was monitored with Fluo-4 and confocal microscopy, which was also used to immunocytochemically characterize BDNF-pHse-laden vesicles. As revealed by double-fluorescent micrographs, BDNF-pHse localized to vesicles positive for the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), VAMP3, and synaptotagmin IV. Ketamine treatment decreased the number of ATP-evoked BDNF-pHse fusion/secretion events (P < 0.05), the frequency of ATP-evoked transient (P < 0.001) and full-fusion exocytotic (P < 0.05) events, along with a reduction in the ATP-evoked increase in intracellular Ca2+ activity in astrocytes by ~70 % (P < 0.001). The results show that ketamine treatment suppresses ATP-triggered vesicle fusion and BDNF secretion by increasing the probability of a narrow fusion pore open state and/or by reducing astrocytic Ca2+ excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Stenovec
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Lasič
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mićo Božić
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Trkov Bobnar
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Randy F Stout
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Vladimir Grubišić
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica Biomedical, Tehnološki park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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46
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Giralt A, Coura R, Girault JA. Pyk2 is essential for astrocytes mobility following brain lesion. Glia 2015; 64:620-34. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Giralt
- Inserm UMR-S839; Paris 75005 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Paris 75005 France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin; Paris 75005 France
| | - Renata Coura
- Inserm UMR-S839; Paris 75005 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Paris 75005 France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin; Paris 75005 France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- Inserm UMR-S839; Paris 75005 France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC, Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités; Paris 75005 France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin; Paris 75005 France
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Yang JW, Ru J, Ma W, Gao Y, Liang Z, Liu J, Guo JH, Li LY. BDNF promotes the growth of human neurons through crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via GSK-3β. Neuropeptides 2015; 54:35-46. [PMID: 26311646 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal growth; however, the downstream regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether BDNF exerts its neurotrophic effects through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human embryonic spinal cord neurons in vitro. We found that neuronal growth (soma size and average neurite length) was increased by transfection with a BDNF overexpression plasmid. Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR showed that expression of the BDNF pathway components TrkB, PI3K, Akt and PLC-γ was increased by BDNF overexpression. Furthermore, the Wnt signaling factors Wnt, Frizzled and Dsh and the downstream target β-catenin were upregulated, whereas GSK-3β was downregulated. In contrast, when BDNF signaling was downregulated with BDNF siRNA, the growth of neurons was decreased. Furthermore, BDNF signaling factors, Wnt pathway components and β-catenin were all downregulated, whereas GSK-3β was upregulated. This suggests that BDNF affects the growth of neurons in vitro through crosstalk with Wnt signaling, and that GSK-3β may be a critical factor linking these two pathways. To evaluate this possibility, we treated neurons with 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), a small molecule GSK-3β inhibitor. BIO reduced the effects of BDNF upregulation/downregulation on soma size and average neurite length, and suppressed the impact of BDNF modulation on the Wnt signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that BDNF promotes the growth of neurons in vitro through crosstalk with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and that this interaction may be mediated by GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Jin Ru
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, China.
| | - Zhang Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Guo
- Second Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
| | - Li-Yan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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48
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Miguez A, García-Díaz Barriga G, Brito V, Straccia M, Giralt A, Ginés S, Canals JM, Alberch J. Fingolimod (FTY720) enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory in Huntington's disease by preventing p75NTR up-regulation and astrocyte-mediated inflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4958-70. [PMID: 26063761 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and cognitive impairments, involving striatum, cortex and hippocampus. Synaptic and memory dysfunction in HD mouse models have been related to low levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and imbalance between TrkB and p75(NTR) receptors. In addition, astrocyte over-activation has also been suggested to contribute to HD cognitive deficits. Fingolimod (FTY720), a modulator of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) receptors, has been shown to increase BDNF levels and to reduce astrogliosis, proving its potential to regulate trophic support and inflammatory response. In this view, we have investigated whether FTY720 improves synaptic plasticity and memory in the R6/1 mouse model of HD, through regulation of BDNF signaling and astroglial reactivity. Chronic administration of FTY720 from pre-symptomatic stages ameliorated long-term memory deficits and dendritic spine loss in CA1 hippocampal neurons from R6/1 mice. Furthermore, FTY720 delivery prevented astrogliosis and over-activation of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling in the R6/1 hippocampus, reducing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels. TNFα decrease correlated with the normalization of p75(NTR) expression in the hippocampus of FTY720-treated R6/1 mice, thus preventing p75(NTR)/TrkB imbalance. In addition, FTY720 increased cAMP levels and promoted phosphorylation of CREB and RhoA in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice, further supporting its role in the enhancement of synaptic plasticity. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action of FTY720 and reveal a novel therapeutic strategy to treat memory deficits in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Miguez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo García-Díaz Barriga
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Brito
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Straccia
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Canals
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Puigdellívol-Sánchez A, Giralt A, Casanovas A, Alberch J, Prats-Galino A. Cryostat Slice Irregularities May Introduce Bias in Tissue Thickness Estimation: Relevance for Cell Counting Methods. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:893-901. [PMID: 26173483 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761501380x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stereological techniques using the optical disectors require estimation of final section thickness, but frozen tissue irregularities may interfere with this estimation. Cryostat slices from rodent nerve tissues (dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and brain), cut at 16, 40, and 50 μm, were digitized with a confocal microscope and visualized through 3D software. Geometric section thickness of tissue (T geom) was defined as tissue volume/area. Maximal section thicknesses (T max), from the top to the bottom of the section, were measured in a random sample of vertical ZX planes. Irregularities were mostly related to blood vessels traversing the tissue and neuronal somas protruding over the cut surfaces, with other neuron profiles showing a fragmented appearance. Irregularities contributed to increasing the distance between the tops and bottoms of slices sectioned in different laboratories. Significant differences were found between T max and T geom for all thickness studies and counting frames (p<0.01). The T geom/T max average rate was 68.4-85.7% in volumes around cell profiles (∼600-1,200 μm2) and 83.3-91.8% in subcellular samples (∼25-160 μm2). Confocal microscopy may help to assess tissue irregularities, which might lead to an overestimation of tissue volume if section thickness is estimated by focusing on the top and bottom of the sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Puigdellívol-Sánchez
- 1Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit,Facultat de Medicina,Universitat de Barcelona,c/Casanova 143,08036 Barcelona,Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- 3Departament de Biologia Cellular,Immunologia i Neurociències,Facultat de Medicina,Universitat de Barcelona,c/Casanova 143,08036 Barcelona,Spain.Barcelona,Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- 6Unit of Cellular Neurobioloy,Departament de Medicina Experimental,Facultat de Medicina,Universitat de Lleida,c/Montserrat Roig 2,25008 Lleida,Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- 3Departament de Biologia Cellular,Immunologia i Neurociències,Facultat de Medicina,Universitat de Barcelona,c/Casanova 143,08036 Barcelona,Spain.Barcelona,Spain
| | - Alberto Prats-Galino
- 1Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit,Facultat de Medicina,Universitat de Barcelona,c/Casanova 143,08036 Barcelona,Spain
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50
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Posada-Duque RA, Palacio-Castañeda V, Cardona-Gómez GP. CDK5 knockdown in astrocytes provide neuroprotection as a trophic source via Rac1. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:151-66. [PMID: 26160434 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes perform metabolic and structural support functions in the brain and contribute to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Astrocytes influence neuronal survival and prevent gliotoxicity by capturing glutamate (Glu), reactive oxygen species, and nutrients. During these processes, astrocytic morphological changes are supported by actin cytoskeleton remodeling and require the involvement of Rho GTPases, such as Rac1. The protein cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) may have a dual effect on astrocytes because it has been shown to be involved in migration, senescence, and the dysfunction of glutamate recapture; however, its role in astrocytes remains unclear. Treating a possible deregulation of CDK5 with RNAi is a strategy that has been proposed as a therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Models of glutamate gliotoxicity in the C6 astroglioma cell line, primary cultures of astrocytes, and co-cultures with neurons were used to analyze the effects of CDK5 RNAi in astrocytes and the role of Rac1 in neuronal viability. In C6 cells and primary astrocytes, CDK5 RNAi prevented the cell death generated by glutamate-induced gliotoxicity, and this finding was corroborated by pharmacological inhibition with roscovitine. This effect was associated with the appearance of lamellipodia, protrusions, increased cell area, stellation, Rac1 activation, BDNF release, and astrocytic protection in neurons that were exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity. Interestingly, Rac1 inhibition in astrocytes blocked BDNF upregulation and the astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling and stellation may be a functional phenotype for BDNF release that promotes neuroprotection. In summary, our findings suggest that CDK5- knockdown in astrocytes acts as a trophic source for neuronal protection in a Rac1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Andrés Posada-Duque
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Calle 70, No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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