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de Sales RP, da Silva LC, Neves AGDS, Fajardo CG, Pinheiro LG, Vieira FDA. Addressing Conservation Needs: Genetic Diversity and Population Ecology of the Endemic Tree Spondias tuberosa Arruda. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:5023974. [PMID: 38938543 PMCID: PMC11208813 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5023974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae), popularly known as umbuzeiro or imbuzeiro, is a fruit tree native to the semiarid region of Brazil. The extractive harvesting of its fruits contributes significantly to the economy, generating an annual revenue of approximately $4,2 million. The present study aimed to assess the spatial pattern, allometric variations, fruit measurements, and genetic diversity of trees within a remaining forest of the Caatinga biome, with a focus on intrapopulation analysis. We used intersimple repeated sequence markers and the second-order function density of neighbours to determine the genetic and spatial structure. The density of neighbours was highest within a 10-meter radius. Biometric analyses revealed average fruit lengths of 31.12 mm (±0.22), diameters of 28.68 mm (±0.25), and fresh masses of 15.56 g (±0.33). Diaspores exhibited an average length, diameter, and thickness of 19.27 mm, 13.95 mm, and 11.14 mm, respectively, with a fresh mass of 2.28 g. Notably, the fresh mass demonstrated the highest coefficient of variation. Ten molecular markers were selected, generating 103 highly polymorphic loci (99.03%) with an average informative content of 0.45. Nei's diversity index (0.37) and Shannon's index (0.55) indicated moderate genetic diversity. Furthermore, Bayesian analysis revealed a population structure with two distinct genetic groups. The Infinite Allele and Mutation Step Models suggested a significant historical decline in population size, indicative of a genetic bottleneck. As a result, proactive in situ conservation strategies, including establishing protected natural areas, become essential, considering the socioeconomic significance of the species. Additionally, it is recommended to establish germplasm banks for ex situ conservation and the development of managed cultivation initiatives to reduce the pressure on native populations of S. tuberosa caused by extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane Pereira de Sales
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Forestry Engineering, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luan Cavalcanti da Silva
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Forestry Engineering, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Gouvêa Fajardo
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Forestry Engineering, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gomes Pinheiro
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Forestry Engineering, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Almeida Vieira
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Forestry Engineering, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Manawaduge CG, Ryan J, Phillips MJ, Fuller S. Conservation genetics of Notelaea lloydii (Oleaceae) in south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10895. [PMID: 38333093 PMCID: PMC10850812 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation can increase the chance of population bottlenecks and inbreeding, and may ultimately lead to reduced fitness and local extinction. Notelaea lloydii is a native olive species endemic to Australia and listed as vulnerable due to its restricted distribution. A recent molecular systematics study has revealed there might be some geographic structuring among N. lloydii populations. Therefore, we undertook a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis to determine levels and patterns of genetic diversity, inbreeding and gene flow within and among N. lloydii populations in south-eastern Queensland. Furthermore, as the reproductive phase of a plant's life history has a profound influence on genetic diversity, life history reproductive traits were also studied. Our SNP analysis revealed low genetic diversity, inbreeding and significant genetic structuring even among proximate populations. Results of a flower and fruit bagging experiment in two consecutive seasons revealed that N. lloydii produced many flowers but only a few fruits survived to maturity. There were no differences in bagged and un-bagged flowering and fruiting rates, and therefore, we conclude that the high fruit abortion rate was probably due to inbreeding depression and/or suboptimal conditions, rather than pollinator availability and insect attack. Overall, results of this study indicate that the populations of N. lloydii are small, inbred and genetically isolated and represent unique management units that require local conservation management due to ongoing threats associated with urbanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chapa G. Manawaduge
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Present address:
CSIROHealth and BiosecurityActonACTAustralia
| | - James Ryan
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Matthew J. Phillips
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Susan Fuller
- School of Biology and Environmental SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Santos AS, Cazetta E, Faria D, Lima TM, Lopes MTG, Carvalho CDS, Alves‐Pereira A, Morante‐Filho JC, Gaiotto FA. Tropical forest loss and geographic location drive the functional genomic diversity of an endangered palm tree. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1257-1273. [PMID: 37492151 PMCID: PMC10363835 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The consequences of such forest loss in remaining populations can be investigated with several approaches, including the genomic perspective, which allows a broader understanding of how human disturbance influences the genetic variability in natural populations. In this context, our study investigated the genomic responses of Euterpe edulis Martius, an endangered palm tree, in forest remnants located in landscapes presenting different forest cover amount and composed by distinct bird assemblage that disperse its seeds. We sampled 22 areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in four regions using SNP markers inserted into transcribed regions of the genome of E. edulis, distinguishing neutral loci from those putatively under natural selection (outlier). We demonstrate that populations show patterns of structure and genetic variability that differ between regions, as a possible reflection of deforestation and biogeographic histories. Deforested landscapes still maintain high neutral genetic diversity due to gene flow over short distances. Overall, we not only support previous evidence with microsatellite markers, but also show that deforestation can influence the genetic variability outlier, in the scenario of selective pressures imposed by these stressful environments. Based on our findings, we suggest that, to protect genetic diversity in the long term, it is necessary to reforest and enrich deforested areas, using seeds from populations in the same management target region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesandro Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e GenéticaUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Thâmara Moura Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia – Campus SeabraSeabraBrazil
| | | | | | | | - José Carlos Morante‐Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e GenéticaUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
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Petry VS, Stefenon VM, Machado LO, Costa NCFDA, Klabunde GHF, Nodari RO. Patterns of genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and gene flow in Campomanesia xanthocarpa: insights from SSR markers of different genomic origins. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210134. [PMID: 34787172 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg is a South American fruit tree species with important ecological and medicinal properties, which remnants are currently found mainly in isolated forest fragments. In this study, SSR markers from three different genomic origins (gene-linked, nuclear neutral, and organellar) were used to evaluate the patterns of genetic diversity, fine-scale spatial genetic structure and historical gene flow in fragmented forest formations of C. xanthocarpa from the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Our results show that the forest fragments present moderate to high levels of genetic diversity in comparison to species presenting similar life traits, although a trend opposite to expected was observed concerning gene-linked and neutral SSR markers. The fine-scale spatial genetic structure revealed different patterns in short and large distance classes, with a distinct influence of gene-linked and neutral markers in driving the genetic structure in each distance class. The presence of an isolation-by-adaptation pattern implies the need for maintenance of the current remnants to assure the conservation of the private alleles. Finally, as the genetic diversity is found predominantly within forest fragments, programs of seed collection and/or genetic rescue should prioritize a larger number of individuals within each fragment, to increase the sampled diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Petry
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir M Stefenon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Rodovia Osvaldo Aranha, BR 290, Km 423, 97307-020 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Lilian O Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Newton C F DA Costa
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H F Klabunde
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (EPAGRI), Rod. Antônio Heil, 6800, 88318-112 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Rubens O Nodari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88034-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Mulvaney JM, Matthee CA, Cherry MI. Species-landscape interactions drive divergent population trajectories in four forest-dependent Afromontane forest songbird species within a biodiversity hotspot in South Africa. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2680-2697. [PMID: 34815747 PMCID: PMC8591328 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Species confined to naturally fragmented habitats may exhibit intrinsic population complexity which may challenge interpretations of species response to anthropogenic landscape transformation. In South Africa, where native forests are naturally fragmented, forest-dependent birds have undergone range declines since 1992, most notably among insectivores. These insectivores appear sensitive to the quality of natural matrix habitats, and it is unknown whether transformation of the landscape matrix has disrupted gene flow in these species. We undertook a landscape genetics study of four forest-dependent insectivorous songbirds across southeast South Africa. Microsatellite data were used to conduct a priori optimization of landscape resistance surfaces (land cover, rivers and dams, and elevation) using cost-distances along least-cost pathway (LCP), and resistance distances (IBR). We detected pronounced declines in effective population sizes over the past two centuries for the endemic forest specialist Cossypha dichroa and Batis capensis, alongside recent gene flow disruption in B. capensis, C. dichroa and Pogonocichla stellata. Landscape resistance modelling showed both native forest and dense thicket configuration facilitates gene flow in P. stellata, B. capensis and C. dichroa. Facultative dispersal of P. stellata through dense thicket likely aided resilience against historic landscape transformation, whereas combined forest-thicket degradation adversely affected the forest generalist B. capensis. By contrast, Phylloscopus ruficapilla appears least reliant upon landscape features to maintain gene flow and was least impacted by anthropogenic landscape transformation. Collectively, gene flow in all four species is improved at lower elevations, along river valleys, and riparian corridors- where native forest and dense thicket better persist. Consistent outperformance of LCP over IBR land-cover models for P. stellata, B. capensis and C. dichroa demonstrates the benefits of wildlife corridors for South African forest-dependent bird conservation, to ameliorate the extinction debts from past and present anthropogenic forest exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Mulvaney
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Conrad A. Matthee
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - Michael I. Cherry
- Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
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Manoel RO, Rossini BC, Cornacini MR, Moraes MLT, Cambuim J, Alcântara MAM, Silva AM, Sebbenn AM, Marino CL. Landscape barriers to pollen and seed flow in the dioecious tropical tree Astronium fraxinifolium in Brazilian savannah. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255275. [PMID: 34339479 PMCID: PMC8336915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow studies provide information on gene exchange between populations, which is essential for developing genetic conservation strategies. Such analyses enable a better understanding of the life history and seed and pollen dispersal mechanisms of plant species. In this study, we investigate pollen and seed flow in a regenerant population of the pioneer species Astronium fraxinifolium in an area degraded during the construction of a hydroelectric dam. We mapped, sampled, sexed, and genotyped 386 individuals in the regenerant population (RP), as well as 128 adult trees located along two highways adjacent to the degraded area; one in Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) and other in São Paulo State (SP). Parentage analyses was carried out for 370 individuals of the RP population, using as putative parents 348 individuals from RP and all 128 individuals sampled in MS and SP. Based on parentage analysis and eight microsatellite loci, our analyses revealed that for individuals of the RP with an identified father (pollen donor), 1.1% of the pollen was dispersed up to 532 m, while for those with an identified mother (seed donor), 0.5% of seeds were dispersed up to 4,782 m. However, a large proportion of pollen (76.5%) and seeds (57%) immigrated from trees outside the sampled populations. Pollen and seeds were dispersed through a pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic diversity was significantly similar between adults of both highway populations and individuals from RP, with significant levels of inbreeding detected only in RP. Our results demonstrate that the nearest trees contributed pollen and seeds for the recovery of the degraded area, indicating reproductive spatial isolation among the sampled populations due to the damming of the river. Such results help to understand the process of regeneration for A. fraxinifolium in regenerant populations to inform strategies for conservation and environmental recovery with this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mário L. T. Moraes
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - José Cambuim
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre M. Silva
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Alexandre M. Sebbenn
- Departamento de Melhoramento e Conservação Genética, Instituto Florestal
de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso L. Marino
- Instituto de Biotecnologia/ UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Instituto de Biociências/ UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo,
Brazil
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Blyth C, Christmas MJ, Bickerton DC, Breed MF, Foster NR, Guerin GR, Mason ARG, Lowe AJ. Genomic, Habitat, and Leaf Shape Analyses Reveal a Possible Cryptic Species and Vulnerability to Climate Change in a Threatened Daisy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:553. [PMID: 34208381 PMCID: PMC8231295 DOI: 10.3390/life11060553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Olearia pannosa is a plant species listed as vulnerable in Australia. Two subspecies are currently recognised (O. pannosa subsp. pannosa (silver daisy) and O. pannosa subsp. cardiophylla (velvet daisy)), which have overlapping ranges but distinct leaf shape. Remnant populations face threats from habitat fragmentation and climate change. We analysed range-wide genomic data and leaf shape variation to assess population diversity and divergence and to inform conservation management strategies. We detected three distinct genetic groupings and a likely cryptic species. Samples identified as O. pannosa subsp. cardiophylla from the Flinders Ranges in South Australia were genetically distinct from all other samples and likely form a separate, range-restricted species. Remaining samples formed two genetic clusters, which aligned with leaf shape differences but not fully with current subspecies classifications. Levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding differed between the three genetic groups, suggesting each requires a separate management strategy. Additionally, we tested for associations between genetic and environmental variation and carried out habitat suitability modelling for O. pannosa subsp. pannosa populations. We found mean annual maximum temperature explained a significant proportion of genomic variance. Habitat suitability modelling identified mean summer maximum temperature, precipitation seasonality and mean annual rainfall as constraints on the distribution of O. pannosa subsp. pannosa, highlighting increasing aridity as a threat for populations located near suitability thresholds. Our results suggest maximum temperature is an important agent of selection on O. pannosa subsp. pannosa and should be considered in conservation strategies. We recommend taxonomic revision of O. pannosa and provide conservation management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Blyth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.R.F.); (G.R.G.); (A.R.G.M.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Matthew J. Christmas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Martin F. Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia;
| | - Nicole R. Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.R.F.); (G.R.G.); (A.R.G.M.); (A.J.L.)
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, Australia;
| | - Greg R. Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.R.F.); (G.R.G.); (A.R.G.M.); (A.J.L.)
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Alex R. G. Mason
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.R.F.); (G.R.G.); (A.R.G.M.); (A.J.L.)
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (N.R.F.); (G.R.G.); (A.R.G.M.); (A.J.L.)
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Danusevičius D, Kembrytė R, Buchovska J, Baliuckas V, Kavaliauskas D. Genetic signature of the natural gene pool of Tilia cordata Mill. in Lithuania: Compound evolutionary and anthropogenic effects. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6260-6275. [PMID: 34141216 PMCID: PMC8207418 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilia cordata Mill. is a valuable tree species enriching the ecological values of the coniferous-dominated boreal forests in Europe. Following the historical decline, spreading of Tilia sp. is challenged by the elevated inbreeding and habitat fragmentation. We studied the geographical distribution of genetic diversity of Tilia cordata populations in Lithuania. We used 14 genomic microsatellite markers to genotype 543 individuals from 23 wild-growing populations. We found that Tilia cordata retained high levels of genetic diversity (population F IS = 0-0.15, H o = 0.53-0.69, H e = 0.56-0.75). AMOVA, Bayesian clustering, and Monmonier's barrier detection indicate weak but significant differentiation among the populations (F ST = 0.037***) into geographically interpretable clusters of (a) western Lithuania with high genetic heterogeneity but low genetic diversity, bottleneck effects, (b) relatively higher genetic diversity of Tilia cordata on rich and most soils of midland lowland, and (c) the most differentiated populations on poor soils of the coolest northeastern highland possessing the highest rare allele frequency but elevated inbreeding and bottleneck effects. Weak genetic differentiation among the Tilia cordata populations in Lithuania implies common ancestry, absence of strong adaptive gradients, and effective genetic exchange possible mediated via the riparian networks. A hypothesis on riparian networks as gene flow mediators in Tilia cordata was raised based on results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jurata Buchovska
- Forestry InstituteLithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryKaunasLithuania
| | - Virgilijus Baliuckas
- Forestry InstituteLithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and ForestryKaunasLithuania
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Global wind patterns shape genetic differentiation, asymmetric gene flow, and genetic diversity in trees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017317118. [PMID: 33875589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017317118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wind disperses the pollen and seeds of many plants, but little is known about whether and how it shapes large-scale landscape genetic patterns. We address this question by a synthesis and reanalysis of genetic data from more than 1,900 populations of 97 tree and shrub species around the world, using a newly developed framework for modeling long-term landscape connectivity by wind currents. We show that wind shapes three independent aspects of landscape genetics in plants with wind pollination or seed dispersal: populations linked by stronger winds are more genetically similar, populations linked by directionally imbalanced winds exhibit asymmetric gene flow ratios, and downwind populations have higher genetic diversity. For each of these distinct hypotheses, partial correlations between the respective wind and genetic metrics (controlling for distance and climate) are positive for a significant majority of wind-dispersed or wind-pollinated genetic data sets and increase significantly across functional groups expected to be increasingly influenced by wind. Together, these results indicate that the geography of both wind strength and wind direction play important roles in shaping large-scale genetic patterns across the world's forests. These findings have implications for various aspects of basic plant ecology and evolution, as well as the response of biodiversity to future global change.
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10
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Yuan N, Li M, Jia C. De novo transcriptome assembly and population genetic analyses of an important coastal shrub, Apocynum venetum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:408. [PMID: 32883231 PMCID: PMC7470449 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apocynum venetum L. is an important medicinal plant that is mainly distributed in the coastal areas and northwest of China. In addition to its high medical and economic value, its adaptation to saline-alkali and coastal saline lands makes A. venetum an ideal candidate for use in vegetation restoration. To date, the study of A. venetum has been limited in the northwest region of China, little attention has been paid to the genetic diversity and population structure of A. venetum populations in the coastal region. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing of total RNA from A. venetum leaves and developed efficient expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers for analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of A. venetum in the coastal region. RESULTS A total of 86,890 unigenes were generated after de novo assembly, and 68,751 of which were successfully annotated by searching against seven protein databases. Furthermore, 14,072 EST-SSR loci were detected and 10,243 primer pairs were successfully designed from these loci. One hundred primer pairs were randomly selected and synthesized, twelve primer pairs were identified as highly polymorphic and further used for population genetic analysis. Population genetic analyses showed that A. venetum exhibited low level of genetic diversity (mean alleles per locus, NA = 3.3; mean expected heterozygosity, HE = 0.342) and moderate level of genetic differentiation among the populations (genetic differentiation index, FST = 0.032-0.220) in the coastal region. Although the contemporary (mean mc = 0.056) and historical (mean mh = 0.106) migration rates among the six A. venetum populations were moderate, a decreasing trend over the last few generations was detected. Bayesian structure analysis clustered six populations into two major groups, and genetic bottlenecks were found to have occurred in two populations (QG, BH). CONCLUSIONS Using novel EST-SSR markers, we evaluated the genetic variation of A. venetum in the coastal region and determined conservation priorities based on these findings. The large dataset of unigenes and SSRs identified in our study, combining samples from a broader range, will support further research on the conservation and evolution of this important coastal plant and its related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mimi Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlin Jia
- Institute of Agricultural and Sustainable Development, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Velikova V, Arena C, Izzo LG, Tsonev T, Koleva D, Tattini M, Roeva O, De Maio A, Loreto F. Functional and Structural Leaf Plasticity Determine Photosynthetic Performances during Drought Stress and Recovery in Two Platanus orientalis Populations from Contrasting Habitats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3912. [PMID: 32486179 PMCID: PMC7312932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of climatic change, more severe and long-lasting droughts will modify the fitness of plants, with potentially worse consequences on the relict trees. We have investigated the leaf phenotypic (anatomical, physiological and biochemical) plasticity in well-watered, drought-stressed and re-watered plants of two populations of Platanus orientalis, an endangered species in the west of the Mediterranean area. The two populations originated in contrasting climate (drier and warmer, Italy (IT) population; more humid and colder, Bulgaria (BG) population). The IT control plants had thicker leaves, enabling them to maintain higher leaf water content in the dry environment, and more spongy parenchyma, which could improve water conductivity of these plants and may result in easier CO2 diffusion than in BG plants. Control BG plants were also characterized by higher photorespiration and leaf antioxidants compared to IT plants. BG plants responded to drought with greater leaf thickness shrinkage. Drought also caused substantial reduction in photosynthetic parameters of both IT and BG plants. After re-watering, photosynthesis did not fully recover in either of the two populations. However, IT leaves became thicker, while photorespiration in BG plants further increased, perhaps indicating sustained activation of defensive mechanisms. Overall, our hypothesis, that plants with a fragmented habitat (i.e., the IT population) lose phenotypic plasticity but acquire traits allowing better resistance to the climate where they became adapted, remains confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | | | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Olympia Roeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 21, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria; (T.T.); (O.R.)
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy; (C.A.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
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12
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Grant EL, Conroy GC, Lamont RW, Reddell PW, Wallace HM, Ogbourne SM. Short distance pollen dispersal and low genetic diversity in a subcanopy tropical rainforest tree, Fontainea picrosperma (Euphorbiaceae). Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:503-516. [PMID: 31076650 PMCID: PMC6781113 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow via pollen movement affects genetic variation in plant populations and is an important consideration in plant domestication. Fontainea picrosperma is a subcanopy rainforest tree that is of commercial interest because it is the source of tigilanol tiglate, a natural product used for the treatment of solid tumors. We identify patterns of pollen-mediated gene flow within natural populations of F. picrosperma and estimate genetic parameters and genetic structure between adult and juvenile groups using microsatellite markers. Our results show pollination events occur over much shorter distances than reported for tropical canopy species. At least 63% of seeds are sired by male trees located within 30 m of the mother. On average, 27% of the local male population contributed to successful reproduction of F. picrosperma with most fathers siring a single seed, however, the contributions to reproduction were uneven. Larger male trees with more flowers had greater reproductive success than those with less flowers (P < 0.05). There were comparatively low levels of genetic variation across the species (HE = 0.405 for adult trees and 0.379 for juveniles) and we found no loss of genetic diversity between adult and juvenile trees. Short distance pollen flow and low genetic diversity is theoretically a prelude to genetic impoverishment, however F. picrosperma has persisted through multiple significant climatic oscillations. Nevertheless, the remaining low genetic diversity is of concern for domestication programs which require maximal genetic diversity to facilitate efficient selective breeding and genetic improvement of this commercially significant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra L Grant
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriel C Conroy
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert W Lamont
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Helen M Wallace
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven M Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
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13
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Wang ZF, Liu HL, Dai SP, Cao HL, Wang RJ, Wang ZM. Endangered but genetically stable- Erythrophleum fordii within Feng Shui woodlands in suburbanized villages. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10950-10963. [PMID: 32523682 PMCID: PMC7277784 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Feng Shui woodlands are naturally or artificially formed green areas in southern China. They are precious for maintaining ecosystem balance in modern semiurban environments. However, they are generally small and geographically isolated from each other, and the status of genetic diversity of the plant species within them has been almost neglected. Therefore, we studied the genetic diversity of the endangered Erythrophleum fordii in eight Feng Shui woodlands (a total of 1,061 individuals) in Guangzhou, a large city in southern China, using microsatellites. For comparison, one population with 33 individuals sampled in a nature reserve was also studied. Although our results indicate that significant demographic declines occurred historically in E. fordii, such declines have not resulted in consistent reductions in genetic variation over generations in Feng Shui populations in the recent past, and the levels of genetic variation in these populations were higher than or comparable to the genetic variation of the population in the nature reserve. In addition, our parentage and paternity analyses indicated widespread and potential long‐distance pollen flow within one Feng Shui woodland, indicating the presence of an unbroken pollination network, which would at least partially alleviate the genetic erosion due to habitat fragmentation and the unequal gene contributions of E. fordii parents to their progenies when favorable recruitment habitats are absent under most of the parent trees. Overall, our results suggest that E. fordii in Feng Shui woodlands may not be driven to extinction in the near future. Nevertheless, uncontrolled fast urban development with a lack of awareness of Feng Shui woodlands will cause the local extinction of E. fordii, which has already happened in some Feng Shui woodlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Wang
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Lin Liu
- Environmental Horticulture Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou China.,Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization Guangzhou China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Se-Ping Dai
- Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture Guangzhou China
| | - Hong-Lin Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Rui-Jiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Zhang-Ming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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14
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Stepping stones or stone dead? Fecundity, pollen dispersal and mating patterns of roadside Qualea grandiflora Mart. trees. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Chybicki IJ, Iszkuło G, Suszka J. Bayesian quantification of ecological determinants of outcrossing in natural plant populations: Computer simulations and the case study of biparental inbreeding in English yew. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4077-4096. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor J. Chybicki
- Department of Genetics Kazimierz Wielki University Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Grzegorz Iszkuło
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Kórnik Poland
- Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Zielona Góra Zielona Góra Poland
| | - Jan Suszka
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences Kórnik Poland
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16
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Bezemer N, Krauss SL, Roberts DG, Hopper SD. Conservation of old individual trees and small populations is integral to maintain species' genetic diversity of a historically fragmented woody perennial. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3339-3357. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bezemer
- School of Agriculture and Environment Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
- Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - David G. Roberts
- School of Agriculture and Environment Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- School of Agriculture and Environment Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
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17
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Disentangling the evolutionary history of three related shrub species using genome-wide molecular markers. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Impact of habitat loss and fragmentation on reproduction, dispersal and species persistence for an endangered Chilean tree. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Erichsen EO, Wolff K, Hansen OK. Genetic and clonal structures of the tree species
Tilia cordata
mill. in remnants of ancient forests in Denmark. POPUL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ortvald Erichsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Kirsten Wolff
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Newcastle UK
| | - Ole K. Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
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20
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Rinaldi R, Cafasso D, Strumia S, Cristaudo A, Sebastiani F, Fineschi S. The influence of a relict distribution on genetic structure and variation in the Mediterranean tree, Platanus orientalis. AOB PLANTS 2019; 11:plz002. [PMID: 30805128 PMCID: PMC6381769 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of plant species around the Mediterranean basin is a product of the influence of both geographical barriers and of climatic changes experienced during the Tertiary, with the transition from a warm to cool periods. Several species, once largely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, retracted to refugial areas in southern Europe where they are described as Tertiary relicts. Platanus orientalis is a typical representative of Tertiary flora in southwest Eurasia; its distribution spreads from the Caucasus to the Mediterranean, with its western border in Southern Italy and Sicily. We analysed genetic diversity and differentiation in the centre and western part of its distribution range using nuclear microsatellites and compared genetic parameters between core and western populations. We found an overall decrease in genetic diversity estimates (heterozygosity, private allelic richness) from central towards western populations, with those from Southern Italy and Sicily showing the lowest values. The low level of genetic diversity probably results from historic range fragmentation experienced by P. orientalis in its westernmost distribution as confirmed by high level genetic isolation of these populations. Ornamental hybrids were genetically distinguished from P. orientalis as contained private alleles, indicating that gene flow with natural populations is rare. Population assignment and neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis of populations identified four groups belonging to two main phyletic groups (the Southern Italian-Sicilian-Balkan and Cretan-Bulgarian-Turkish lineages) that seem to have different biogeographic origin and also excluded an artificial origin for southern Italian and Sicilian populations as previously suggested. These results show that quantifying the genetic variation of a Tertiary relict in a geographical context, and the potential effect of hybridization with introduced ornamental hybrids, can provide useful insights on factors influencing population genetic structure. Such information is crucial to predict how such taxa will respond to increasing anthropogenic influence on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cinthia, Napoli, Italy
| | - Donata Cafasso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, via Cinthia, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro Strumia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cristaudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Fineschi
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Firenze, Italy
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21
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McCallum KP, Breed MF, Paton DC, Lowe AJ. Clumped planting arrangements improve seed production in a revegetated eucalypt woodland. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. McCallum
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - David C. Paton
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
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22
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Influence of Spatiotemporal Dynamics on the Fine-Scale Spatial Genetic Structure of Differently Managed Picea abies Stands. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tandem analysis of dendrochronological and genetic data is piquing forest ecologists’ interest and represents a promising approach for studying the temporal development of genetic structure in forest tree populations. Such multidisciplinary approach can help elucidate to what extent different management practices have impacted the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of forest stands through time. In this study, we jointly analysed spatial, age and genetic data from three differently managed Norway spruce permanent plots to assess: (1) possible differences among plots in the spatial distribution of individuals and their genetic structure due to different management practices, and (2) whether modifications in the age structure influenced the fine-scale spatial genetic structure within each permanent plot. With these aims, we genetically characterized at five nuclear microsatellite markers a large subset (328) of all the trees for which spatial and age data were collected (1472). We found that different management practices determined a similar spatial structure in terms of trees’ ages (r < 25 m in all plots) and neutral genetic diversity (Sp ranging from 0.002 to 0.004). Hot spots and cold spots of trees’ age were not statistically different in terms of genetic diversity, and trees’ age was not statistically different among the genetic clusters detected. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of individuals was significantly clustered up to 22 m only in the wooded pasture plot. Our main findings show that forest land use and management can indeed determine markedly different spatial layouts of Norway spruce individuals but do not produce strong distortions in the spatial structure of age and genetic parameters.
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23
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O'Connell MC, Castilla AR, Lee LX, Jha S. Bee movement across heterogeneous tropical forests: multi‐paternal analyses reveal the importance of neighborhood composition for pollen dispersal. Biotropica 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Antonio R. Castilla
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
- Centro de Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves/InBIO Universidade de Lisboa Tapada da Ajuda 1349‐017 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Leticia X. Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
- Department of Earth and Environment Boston University 685 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station Austin TX 78712 USA
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24
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Borrell JS, Wang N, Nichols RA, Buggs RJA. Genetic diversity maintained among fragmented populations of a tree undergoing range contraction. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 121:304-318. [PMID: 30111882 PMCID: PMC6134035 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dwarf birch (Betula nana) has a widespread boreal distribution but has declined significantly in Britain where populations are now highly fragmented. We analyzed the genetic diversity of these fragmented populations using markers that differ in mutation rate: conventional microsatellites markers (PCR-SSRs), RADseq generated transition and transversion SNPs (RAD-SNPs), and microsatellite markers mined from RADseq reads (RAD-SSRs). We estimated the current population sizes by census and indirectly, from the linkage-disequilibrium found in the genetic surveys. The two types of estimate were highly correlated. Overall, we found genetic diversity to be only slightly lower in Britain than across a comparable area in Scandinavia where populations are large and continuous. While the ensemble of British fragments maintain diversity levels close to Scandinavian populations, individually they have drifted apart and lost diversity; particularly the smaller populations. An ABC analysis, based on coalescent models, favors demographic scenarios in which Britain maintained high levels of genetic diversity through post-glacial re-colonization. This diversity has subsequently been partitioned into population fragments that have recently lost diversity at a rate corresponding to the current population-size estimates. We conclude that the British population fragments retain sufficient genetic resources to be the basis of conservation and re-planting programmes. Use of markers with different mutation rates gives us greater confidence and insight than one marker set could have alone, and we suggest that RAD-SSRs are particularly useful as high mutation-rate marker set with a well-specified ascertainment bias, which are widely available yet often neglected in existing RAD datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Borrell
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - Nian Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an city, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Richard A Nichols
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Richard J A Buggs
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK.
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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25
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Lobo A, Torres-Ruiz JM, Burlett R, Lemaire C, Parise C, Francioni C, Truffaut L, Tomášková I, Hansen JK, Kjær ED, Kremer A, Delzon S. Assessing inter- and intraspecific variability of xylem vulnerability to embolism in oaks. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT 2018; 424:53-61. [PMID: 29910530 PMCID: PMC5997172 DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Quercus comprises important species in forestry not only for their productive value but also for their ability to withstand drought. Hence an evaluation of inter- and intraspecific variation in drought tolerance is important for selecting the best adapted species and provenances for future afforestation. The presence of long vessels makes it difficult to assess xylem vulnerability to embolism in oak. Thanks to the development of an in situ flow centrifuge equipped with a large rotor, we quantified (i) the between species variability of embolism resistance in four native and two exotic species of oaks in Europe and (ii) the within species variability in Quercus petraea. Embolism resistance varied significantly among species, with the pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50 ) ranging between - 7.0 and -4.2 MPa. Species native to the Mediterranean region were more resistant than pan-European species. In contrast, intraspecific variability in embolism resistance in Q. petraea was low within provenances and null among provenances. A positive correlation between P50 and vessel diameter among the six oak species indicates that the more embolism resistant species had narrower xylem vessels. However, this tradeoff between hydraulic efficiency and safety was not observed between Q. petraea provenances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Praha 6 – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN), University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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26
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Moraes MA, Kubota TYK, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Freitas MLM, Moraes MLT, da Silva AM, Cambuim J, Sebbenn AM. Long-distance pollen and seed dispersal and inbreeding depression in Hymenaea stigonocarpa (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) in the Brazilian savannah. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7800-7816. [PMID: 30250664 PMCID: PMC6144967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hymenaea stigonocarpa is a neotropical tree that is economically important due to its high-quality wood; however, because it has been exploited extensively, it is currently considered threatened. Microsatellite loci were used to investigate the pollen and seed dispersal, mating patterns, spatial genetic structure (SGS), genetic diversity, and inbreeding depression in H. stigonocarpa adults, juveniles, and open-pollinated seeds, which were sampled from isolated trees in a pasture and trees within a forest fragment in the Brazilian savannah. We found that the species presented a mixed mating system, with population and individual variations in the outcrossing rate (0.53-1.0). The studied populations were not genetically isolated due to pollen and seed flow between the studied populations and between the populations and individuals located outside of the study area. Pollen and seed dispersal occurred over long distances (>8 km); however, the dispersal patterns were isolated by distance, with a high frequency of mating occurring between near-neighbor trees and seeds dispersed near the parent trees. The correlated mating for individual seed trees was higher within than among fruits, indicating that fruits present a high proportion of full-sibs. Genetic diversity and SGS were similar among the populations, but offspring showed evidence of inbreeding, mainly originating from mating among related trees, which suggests inbreeding depression between the seed and adult stages. Selfing resulted in a higher inbreeding depression than mating among relatives, as assessed through survival and height. As the populations are not genetically isolated, both are important targets for in situ conservation to maintain their genetic diversity; for ex situ conservation, seeds can be collected from at least 78 trees in both populations separated by at least 250 m.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose Cambuim
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira/UNESPIlha SolteiraSPBrazil
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27
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Baruch Z, Jones AR, Hill KE, McInerney FA, Blyth C, Caddy-Retalic S, Christmas MJ, Gellie NJC, Lowe AJ, Martin-Fores I, Nielson KE, Breed MF. Functional acclimation across microgeographic scales in Dodonaea viscosa. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply029. [PMID: 29942458 PMCID: PMC6007226 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific plant functional trait variation provides mechanistic insight into persistence and can infer population adaptive capacity. However, most studies explore intraspecific trait variation in systems where geographic and environmental distances co-vary. Such a design reduces the certainty of trait-environment associations, and it is imperative for studies that make trait-environment associations be conducted in systems where environmental distance varies independently of geographic distance. Here we explored trait variation in such a system, and aimed to: (i) quantify trait variation of parent and offspring generations, and associate this variation to parental environments; (ii) determine the traits which best explain population differences; (iii) compare parent and offspring trait-trait relationships. We characterized 15 plant functional traits in eight populations of a shrub with a maximum separation ca. 100 km. Populations differed markedly in aridity and elevation, and environmental distance varied independently of geographic distance. We measured traits in parent populations collected in the field, as well as their offspring reared in greenhouse conditions. Parent traits regularly associated with their environment. These associations were largely lost in the offspring generation, indicating considerable phenotypic plasticity. An ordination of parent traits showed clear structure with strong influence of leaf area, specific leaf area, stomatal traits, isotope δ13C and δ15N ratios, and Narea, whereas the offspring ordination was less structured. Parent trait-trait correlations were in line with expectations from the leaf economic spectrum. We show considerable trait plasticity in the woody shrub over microgeographic scales (<100 km), indicating it has the adaptive potential within a generation to functionally acclimate to a range of abiotic conditions. Since our study shrub is commonly used for restoration in southern Australia and local populations do not show strong genetic differentiation in functional traits, the potential risks of transferring seed across the broad environmental conditions are not likely to be a significant issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alice R Jones
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Hill
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Francesca A McInerney
- Sprigg Geobiology Centre and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colette Blyth
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stefan Caddy-Retalic
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Sprigg Geobiology Centre and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew J Christmas
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J C Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Irene Martin-Fores
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kristine E Nielson
- Sprigg Geobiology Centre and School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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Lobo A, Hansen OK, Hansen JK, Erichsen EO, Jacobsen B, Kjær ED. Local adaptation through genetic differentiation in highly fragmented Tilia cordata populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:5968-5976. [PMID: 29988427 PMCID: PMC6024143 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the level of geographic differentiation of Tilia cordata in Denmark based on tests of 91 trees selected from 12 isolated populations. We used quantitative analysis of spring phenology and population genetic analysis based on SSR markers to infer the likely historical genetic processes within and among populations. High genetic variation within and among populations was observed in spring phenology, which correlated with spring temperatures at the origin of the tested T. cordata trees. The population genetic analysis revealed significant differentiation among the populations, but with no clear sign of isolation by distance. We infer the findings as indications of ongoing fine scale selection in favor of local growth conditions made possible by limited gene flow among the small and fragmented populations. This hypothesis fits well with reports of limited fruiting in the investigated Danish T. cordata populations, while the species is known for its ability to propagate vegetatively by root suckers. Our results suggest that both divergent selection and genetic drift may have played important roles in forming the genetic patterns of T. cordata at its northern distribution limit. However, we also speculate that epigenetic mechanism arising from the original population environment could have created similar patterns in regulating the spring phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Lobo
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Ole Kim Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jon Kehlet Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Eva Ortvald Erichsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Birgitte Jacobsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Present address:
Ministry of Fisheries and HuntingNuukGreenland
| | - Erik Dahl Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management (IGN)University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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McCallum KP, Lowe AJ, Breed MF, Paton DC. Spatially designed revegetation—why the spatial arrangement of plants should be as important to revegetation as they are to natural systems. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. McCallum
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - David C. Paton
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
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Lowe AJ, Breed MF, Caron H, Colpaert N, Dick C, Finegan B, Gardner M, Gheysen G, Gribel R, Harris JBC, Kremer A, Lemes MR, Margis R, Navarro CM, Salgueiro F, Villalobos-Barrantes HM, Cavers S. Standardized genetic diversity-life history correlates for improved genetic resource management of Neotropical trees. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Lowe
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
| | | | - Nathalie Colpaert
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Christopher Dick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama
| | - Bryan Finegan
- Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center; Turrialba Cartago Costa Rica
| | - Mike Gardner
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Biological Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Rogério Gribel
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA; Manaus Brazil
| | - J. Berton C. Harris
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
- Rainforest Trust; Warrenton VA USA
| | | | - Maristerra R. Lemes
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas (LabGen); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Rogerio Margis
- Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS); Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Navarro
- Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center; Turrialba Cartago Costa Rica
| | - Fabiano Salgueiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical); Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Heidy M. Villalobos-Barrantes
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular and Escuela de Química; Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
| | - Stephen Cavers
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; CEH Edinburgh; Penicuik UK
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Dávila-Lara A, Affenzeller M, Tribsch A, Díaz V, Comes HP. AFLP diversity and spatial structure of Calycophyllum candidissimum (Rubiaceae), a dominant tree species of Nicaragua's critically endangered seasonally dry forest. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:275-286. [PMID: 28767103 PMCID: PMC5597786 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Central American seasonally dry tropical (SDT) forest biome is one of the worlds' most endangered ecosystems, yet little is known about the genetic consequences of its recent fragmentation. A prominent constituent of this biome is Calycophyllum candidissimum, an insect-pollinated and wind-dispersed canopy tree of high socio-economic importance, particularly in Nicaragua. Here, we surveyed amplified fragment length polymorphisms across 13 populations of this species in Nicaragua to elucidate the relative roles of contemporary vs historical factors in shaping its genetic variation. Genetic diversity was low in all investigated populations (mean HE=0.125), and negatively correlated with latitude. Overall population differentiation was moderate (ΦST=0.109, P<0.001), and Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed two major latitudinal clusters (I: 'Pacific North'+'Central Highland'; II: 'Pacific South'), along with a genetic cline between I and II. Population-based cluster analyses indicated a strong pattern of 'isolation by distance' as confirmed by Mantel's test. Our results suggest that (1) the low genetic diversity of these populations reflects biogeographic/population history (colonisation from South America, Pleistocene range contractions) rather than recent human impact; whereas (2) the underlying process of their isolation by distance pattern, which is best explained by 'isolation by dispersal limitation', implies contemporary gene flow between neighbouring populations as likely facilitated by the species' efficient seed dispersal capacity. Overall, these results underscore that even tree species from highly decimated forest regions may be genetically resilient to habitat fragmentation due to species-typical dispersal characteristics, the necessity of broad-scale measures for their conservation notwithstanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dávila-Lara
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - M Affenzeller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Tribsch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - V Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León (UNAN), León, Nicaragua
| | - H P Comes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Genetic conservation of small populations of the endemic tree Swartzia glazioviana (Taub.) Glaz. (Leguminosae) in the Atlantic Forest. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Genetic diversity and structure of the treeManilkara zapotain a naturally fragmented tropical forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467417000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Forest fragmentation, habitat loss and isolation may have a strong effect on biodiversity in tropical forests. This can include modification of the genetic diversity and structure of plant populations. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity and structure of the treeManilkara zapotain 15 naturally formed fragments of semi-evergreen tropical forest, as well as in an adjacent continuous forest for comparison. Forest fragments were scattered within a matrix of wetlands and were highly variable in terms of size and degree of isolation. The naturally fragmented populations ofM.zapotahad slightly less allelic diversity (Ar: 3.4) than those of the continuous forest (Ar: 3.6), when corrected for sample size. However, populations in the fragments and continuous forest had very similar heterozygosity levels (HE: 0.59 in both cases). Low levels of genetic differentiation were observed among populations (FST: 0.026) and genetic structure was not consistent with isolation by distance, indicating high levels of gene flow. Genetic diversity was not explained by fragment size or degree of isolation. The relatively high genetic diversity and low inter-population genetic differentiation observed inM. zapotamay be the result of long-distance pollen and seed dispersal, as well as the high proximity among patches.
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Mimura M, Yahara T, Faith DP, Vázquez‐Domínguez E, Colautti RI, Araki H, Javadi F, Núñez‐Farfán J, Mori AS, Zhou S, Hollingsworth PM, Neaves LE, Fukano Y, Smith GF, Sato Y, Tachida H, Hendry AP. Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation. Evol Appl 2017; 10:121-139. [PMID: 28127389 PMCID: PMC5253428 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation is a major component of biodiversity, yet it has received relatively little attention from governmental and nongovernmental organizations, especially with regard to conservation plans and the management of wild species. This omission is ill-advised because phenotypic and genetic variations within and among populations can have dramatic effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, including responses to environmental change, the maintenance of species diversity, and ecological stability and resilience. At the same time, environmental changes associated with many human activities, such as land use and climate change, have dramatic and often negative impacts on intraspecific variation. We argue for the need for local, regional, and global programs to monitor intraspecific genetic variation. We suggest that such monitoring should include two main strategies: (i) intensive monitoring of multiple types of genetic variation in selected species and (ii) broad-brush modeling for representative species for predicting changes in variation as a function of changes in population size and range extent. Overall, we call for collaborative efforts to initiate the urgently needed monitoring of intraspecific variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Mimura
- Department of Bioenvironmental SystemsTamagawa UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsukazu Yahara
- Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable SocietyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Daniel P. Faith
- The Australian Museum Research InstituteThe Australian MuseumSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | | | - Hitoshi Araki
- Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Firouzeh Javadi
- Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable SocietyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Juan Núñez‐Farfán
- Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxicoMéxico
| | - Akira S. Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Shiliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Linda E. Neaves
- Royal Botanic Garden EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Australian Centre for Wildlife Genomics, Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Yuya Fukano
- Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable SocietyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Gideon F. Smith
- Department of BotanyNelson Mandela Metropolitan UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
- Departamento de Ciências da VidaCentre for Functional EcologyUniversidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | | | - Hidenori Tachida
- Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable SocietyKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Ritchie AL, Nevill PG, Sinclair EA, Krauss SL. Does restored plant diversity play a role in the reproductive functionality of
Banksia
populations? Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Ritchie
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Paul G. Nevill
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
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Castilla AR, Pope N, Jaffé R, Jha S. Elevation, Not Deforestation, Promotes Genetic Differentiation in a Pioneer Tropical Tree. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156694. [PMID: 27280872 PMCID: PMC4900633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of disturbed forest is an essential part of tropical forest ecology, both with respect to natural disturbance regimes and large-scale human-mediated logging, grazing, and agriculture. Pioneer tree species are critical for facilitating the transition from deforested land to secondary forest because they stabilize terrain and enhance connectivity between forest fragments by increasing matrix permeability and initiating disperser community assembly. Despite the ecological importance of early successional species, little is known about their ability to maintain gene flow across deforested landscapes. Utilizing highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation for the pioneer understory tree Miconia affinis across the Isthmus of Panama. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of geographic distance, forest cover, and elevation on genetic differentiation among populations using circuit theory and regression modeling within a landscape genetics framework. We report marked differences in historical and contemporary migration rates and moderately high levels of genetic differentiation in M. affinis populations across the Isthmus of Panama. Genetic differentiation increased significantly with elevation and geographic distance among populations; however, we did not find that forest cover enhanced or reduced genetic differentiation in the study region. Overall, our results reveal strong dispersal for M. affinis across human-altered landscapes, highlighting the potential use of this species for reforestation in tropical regions. Additionally, this study demonstrates the importance of considering topography when designing programs aimed at conserving genetic diversity within degraded tropical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R. Castilla
- Department of Integrative Biology, 401 Biological Laboratories, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel Pope
- Department of Integrative Biology, 401 Biological Laboratories, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, United States of America
| | - Rodolfo Jaffé
- Vale Institute of Technology–Sustainable Development, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém, PA 66055–090, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão 321, São Paulo, SP 05508–090, Brazil
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, 401 Biological Laboratories, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Breed MF, Gellie NJC, Lowe AJ. Height differences in two eucalypt provenances with contrasting levels of aridity. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide North Terrace SA 5005 Australia
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Ottewell KM, Bickerton DC, Byrne M, Lowe AJ. Bridging the gap: a genetic assessment framework for population-level threatened plant conservation prioritization and decision-making. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kym M. Ottewell
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Government of Western Australia; Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Perth WA 6152 Australia
| | - Doug C. Bickerton
- Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources; Government of South Australia; GPO Box 1047 Adelaide SA 5001 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Government of Western Australia; Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Perth WA 6152 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Adelaide; North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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