1
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Qu S, Zhou XJ, Zhang H. Genetics of IgA nephrology: risks, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:3157-3165. [PMID: 38600219 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a genetically complex multifactorial trait. Over the past decade, population-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 IgAN risk loci, providing novel perspectives on both the epidemiology of the disease and its underlying molecular mechanisms. In addition, the association between IgAN and galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) presented another avenue for genetic exploration due to the heritability of the elevated serum Gd-IgA1 levels. These endeavors also yielded and enabled refinement of polygenic risk scores, which may help identify specific groups of individuals at significantly increased risks, leading to stratifications of medical treatments. In this review, we aim to explore the existing evidence for genetic causation in IgAN. We summarize the state of genetic research in IgAN and how it has led to the reformulation of the new pathogenesis model and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qu
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-Mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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2
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Górska E, Tylicka M, Kamińska J, Hermanowicz A, Matuszczak E, Ołdak Ł, Gorodkiewicz E, Karpińska E, Socha K, Kochanowicz J, Jakoniuk M, Homšak E, Koper-Lenkiewicz OM. 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S are high-sensitivity and independent markers of immunological activity in relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis. J Neurochem 2024; 168:2880-2892. [PMID: 38923513 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Research on the markers of autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis (MS) is still of great importance. The aim of our study was the evaluation of plasma 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S concentrations as potential biomarkers of a relapsing-remitting type of MS (RRMS). Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI) biosensors were used for the evaluation of protein concentrations. Plasma 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S concentrations were significantly higher in RRMS patients compared to the control group. All three parameters were characterized by excellent usefulness in differentiating MS patients from healthy individuals (AUC equal to or close to 1.000). The plasma concentration of analyzed parameters was not correlated with severity of disability in the course of RRMS (EDSS value), the number of years from the first MS symptoms, the number of years from MS diagnosis, or the number of relapses within the 24-month observational period. Our study has shown that plasma concentrations of 20S constitutive proteasome, 20S immunoproteasome, and cathepsin S have promising potential in differentiating RRMS patients from healthy individuals. All of the analyzed parameters were found to be independent of the time of MS relapse and the severity of neurological symptoms. Hence, their potential as highly sensitive and independent circulating markers of RRMS suggests a stronger association with immunological activity (inflammatory processes) than with the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Górska
- Neurological Private Practice, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Tylicka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Hermanowicz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Matuszczak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Ołdak
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karpińska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Jakoniuk
- Department of Invasive Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Evgenija Homšak
- Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department for Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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3
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Schaunaman N, Nichols T, Cervantes D, Hartsoe P, Ferrington DA, Chu HW. The Effect of a TLR3 Agonist on Airway Allergic Inflammation and Viral Infection in Immunoproteasome-Deficient Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:1384. [PMID: 39339860 PMCID: PMC11437510 DOI: 10.3390/v16091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by increased type 2 inflammation, including eosinophils. Subjects with allergic asthma have recurrent symptoms due to their constant exposure to environmental allergens, such as house dust mite (HDM), which can be further exacerbated by respiratory infections like rhinovirus. The immunoproteasome (IP) is a proteolytic machinery that is induced by inflammatory mediators during virus infection, but the role of the IP in airway allergic inflammation during rhinovirus infection remains unknown. Wild-type (WT) and IP knockout (KO) mice were challenged with HDM. At 48 h after the last HDM challenge, mice were infected with rhinovirus 1B (RV-A1B) for 24 h. After HDM and RV-A1B treatment, IP KO (vs. WT) mice had significantly more lung eosinophils and neutrophils, as well as a significantly higher viral load, but less IFN-beta expression, compared to WT mice. A TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) treatment after RV-A1B infection in HDM-challenged IP KO mice significantly increased IFN-beta expression and reduced viral load, with a minimal effect on the number of inflammatory cells. Our data suggest that immunoproteasome is an important mechanism functioning to prevent excessive inflammation and viral infection in allergen-exposed mice, and that Poly I:C could be therapeutically effective in enhancing the antiviral response and lessening the viral burden in lungs with IP deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Nichols
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (N.S.); (D.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Diana Cervantes
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (N.S.); (D.C.); (P.H.)
| | - Paige Hartsoe
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (N.S.); (D.C.); (P.H.)
| | | | - Hong Wei Chu
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (N.S.); (D.C.); (P.H.)
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Bhattarai D, Lee SO, Joshi N, Jun SR, Lo S, Jiang L, Gokden N, Parajuli N. Cold Storage Followed by Transplantation Induces Immunoproteasome in Rat Kidney Allografts: Inhibition of Immunoproteasome Does Not Improve Function. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:743-752. [PMID: 38303110 PMCID: PMC11146655 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Key Points Cold storage (CS) increases the severity of graft dysfunction in a time-dependent manner, and prolonged CS decreases animal survival. CS plus transplant increases iproeasome levels/assembly in renal allografts; IFN-γ is a potential inducer of the iproteasome. Inhibiting iproteasome ex vivo during renal CS did not confer graft protection after transplantation. Background It is a major clinical challenge to ensure the long-term function of transplanted kidneys. Specifically, the injury associated with cold storage (CS) of kidneys compromises the long-term function of the grafts after transplantation. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying CS-related kidney injury are attractive therapeutic targets to prevent injury and improve long-term graft function. Previously, we found that constitutive proteasome function was compromised in rat kidneys after CS followed by transplantation. Here, we evaluated the role of the immunoproteasome (i proteasome), a proteasome variant, during CS followed by transplantation. Methods Established in vivo rat kidney transplant model with or without CS containing vehicle or iproteasome inhibitor (ONX 0914) was used in this study. The i proteasome function was performed using rat kidney homogenates and fluorescent-based peptide substrate specific to β 5i subunit. Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR were used to assess the subunit expression/level of the i proteasome (β 5i) subunit. Results We demonstrated a decrease in the abundance of the β 5i subunit of the i proteasome in kidneys during CS, but β 5i levels increased in kidneys after CS and transplant. Despite the increase in β 5i levels and its peptidase activity within kidneys, inhibiting β 5i during CS did not improve graft function after transplantation. Summary These results suggest that the pharmacologic inhibition of immunoproteasome function during CS does not improve graft function or outcome. In light of these findings, future studies targeting immunoproteasomes during both CS and transplantation may define the role of immunoproteasomes on short-term and long-term kidney transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Seong-Ok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neelam Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sorena Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Neriman Gokden
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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5
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Li Y, Nan G, Hou X, Yan Y, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li K, Xiao Z. Non-peptidic immunoproteasome β5i-selective inhibitor as potential treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Virtual screening, hit evolution and lead identification. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115856. [PMID: 37826934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We report herein our efforts to discover novel non-peptidic immunoproteasome inhibitors as potential treatment for IPF. A structure-based virtual screening was initially performed and the hit compound VS-7 with an IC50 of 9.437 μM against β5i was identified. Hit evolution based on the interaction mode of VS-7 proceeded, and a potent β5i inhibitor 54 (IC50 = 8.463 nM) with favorable subunit-selective profiles was obtained. Compound 54 also imposed significant effects on the release of TNF-α and IL-6, the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, as well as TGF-β1 induced fibroblast proliferation, activation and collagen synthesis. Notably, when administered at 30 mg/kg in a bleomycin-induced IPF mouse model, compound 54 showed anti-fibrotic effects comparable to the clinical drug nintedanib. The results suggest that selective inhibition of immunoproteasome could be an effective approach to treat IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanglei Nan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xianxin Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yechao Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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6
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Sule RO, Phinney BS, Salemi MR, Gomes AV. Mitochondrial and Proteasome Dysfunction Occurs in the Hearts of Mice Treated with Triazine Herbicide Prometryn. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15266. [PMID: 37894945 PMCID: PMC10607192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prometryn is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide used to control the growth of annual broadleaf and grass weeds in many cultivated plants. Significant traces of prometryn are documented in the environment, mainly in waters, soil, and plants used for human and domestic consumption. Previous studies have shown that triazine herbicides have carcinogenic potential in humans. However, there is limited information about the effects of prometryn on the cardiac system in the literature, or the mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying any potential cytotoxic effects are not known. It is important to understand the possible effects of exogenous compounds such as prometryn on the heart. To determine the mechanisms and signaling pathways affected by prometryn (185 mg/kg every 48 h for seven days), we performed proteomic profiling of male mice heart with quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using ten-plex tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. The data suggest that several major pathways, including energy metabolism, protein degradation, fatty acid metabolism, calcium signaling, and antioxidant defense system were altered in the hearts of prometryn-treated mice. Proteasome and immunoproteasome activity assays and expression levels showed proteasome dysfunction in the hearts of prometryn-treated mice. The results suggest that prometryn induced changes in mitochondrial function and various signaling pathways within the heart, particularly affecting stress-related responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed O. Sule
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brett S. Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.S.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Michelle R. Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.S.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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7
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Gobec M, Obreza A, Jukič M, Baumgartner A, Mihelčič N, Potočnik Š, Virant J, Mlinarič I, Stanislav R, Sosič GI. Design and synthesis of amino-substituted N-arylpiperidinyl-based inhibitors of the (immuno)proteasome. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:441-456. [PMID: 37708963 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The constitutive proteasome and the immunoproteasome represent validated targets for pharmacological intervention in the context of various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. The development of novel chemical scaffolds of non-peptidic nature, capable of inhibiting different catalytically active subunits of both isoforms, is a viable approach against these diseases. Such compounds are also useful as leads for the development of biochemical probes that enable the studies of the roles of both isoforms in various biological contexts. Here, we present a ligand-based computational design of (immuno)proteasome inhibitors, which resulted in the amino-substituted N-arylpiperidine-based compounds that can inhibit different subunits of the (immuno)proteasome in the low micromolar range. The compounds represent a useful starting point for further structure-activity relationship studies that will, hopefully, lead to non-peptidic compounds that could be used in pharmacological and biochemical studies of both proteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Obreza
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Current address: University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, 2000 Maribor Slovenia
| | - Ana Baumgartner
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nja Mihelčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Potočnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julija Virant
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Irena Mlinarič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raščan Stanislav
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Begum R, Thota S, Batra S. Interplay between proteasome function and inflammatory responses in e-cig vapor condensate-challenged lung epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2193-2208. [PMID: 37344694 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cigarettes and other nicotine-based products results in persistent inflammation in the lung. In recent years, electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have become extremely popular among adults and youth alike. E-cigarette vapor-induced oxidative stress promotes protein breakdown, DNA damage and cell death, culminating in a variety of respiratory diseases. The proteasome, a multi-catalytic protease, superintends protein degradation within the cell. When cells are stimulated with inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, the constitutive catalytic proteasome subunits are replaced by the inducible subunits-low-molecular mass polypeptide (LMP)2 (β1i), multi-catalytic endopeptidase complex-like (MECL)1 (β2i), and LMP7 (β5i), which are required for the production of certain MHC class I-restricted T-cell epitopes. In this study, we used human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and exposed them to filtered air or (1%) tobacco-flavored (TF) electronic cigarette vapor condensate (ECVC) ± nicotine (6 mg/ml) (TF-ECVC ± N) for 24 h. We observed an increase in the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and inducible proteasome subunits (LMP7/PSMB8, LMP2/PSMB9, MECL1/PSMB10), and a reduced expression of constitutive proteasome subunits (β1/PSMB6 and β2/PSMB7) in challenged A549 cells. Interestingly, knockdown of the inducible proteasome subunit LMP7 reversed ECVC-induced expression of NADPH oxidase and immunoproteasome subunits in A549 cells. In addition, pre-exposure to an LMP7 inhibitor (ONX-0914) abrogated the mRNA expression of several NOX subunits and rescued the excessive production/release of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5) in ECVC-challenged cells. Our findings suggest an important role of LMP7 in regulating the expression of inflammatory mediators during ECVC exposure. Overall, our results provide evidence for proteasome-dependent ROS-mediated inflammation in ECVC-challenged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, 129 Health Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70813, USA
| | - S Thota
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, 129 Health Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70813, USA
| | - S Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, 129 Health Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70813, USA.
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9
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Kim Y, Kim EK, Chey Y, Song MJ, Jang HH. Targeted Protein Degradation: Principles and Applications of the Proteasome. Cells 2023; 12:1846. [PMID: 37508510 PMCID: PMC10378610 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a multi-catalytic protease complex that is involved in protein quality control via three proteolytic activities (i.e., caspase-, trypsin-, and chymotrypsin-like activities). Most cellular proteins are selectively degraded by the proteasome via ubiquitination. Moreover, the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a critical process for maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we briefly summarize the structure of the proteasome, its regulatory mechanisms, proteins that regulate proteasome activity, and alterations to proteasome activity found in diverse diseases, chemoresistant cells, and cancer stem cells. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic modalities that use the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoona Chey
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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10
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Targeting immunoproteasome in neurodegeneration: A glance to the future. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108329. [PMID: 36526014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome is a specialized form of proteasome equipped with modified catalytic subunits that was initially discovered to play a pivotal role in MHC class I antigen processing and immune system modulation. However, over the last years, this proteolytic complex has been uncovered to serve additional functions unrelated to antigen presentation. Accordingly, it has been proposed that immunoproteasome synergizes with canonical proteasome in different cell types of the nervous system, regulating neurotransmission, metabolic pathways and adaptation of the cells to redox or inflammatory insults. Hence, studying the alterations of immunoproteasome expression and activity is gaining research interest to define the dynamics of neuroinflammation as well as the early and late molecular events that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. Furthermore, these novel functions foster the perspective of immunoproteasome as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. In this review, we provide a brain and retina-wide overview, trying to correlate present knowledge on structure-function relationships of immunoproteasome with the variety of observed neuro-modulatory functions.
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11
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The dichotomous role of immunoproteasome in cancer: Friend or foe? Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1976-1989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Larsson P, Pettersson D, Engqvist H, Werner Rönnerman E, Forssell-Aronsson E, Kovács A, Karlsson P, Helou K, Parris TZ. Pan-cancer analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data reveals the prognostic relevance of human proteasome genes in different cancer types. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:993. [PMID: 36123629 PMCID: PMC9484138 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human proteasome gene family (PSM) consists of 49 genes that play a crucial role in cancer proteostasis. However, little is known about the effect of PSM gene expression and genetic alterations on clinical outcome in different cancer forms. Methods Here, we performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of genetic alterations in PSM genes and the subsequent prognostic value of PSM expression using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) containing over 10,000 samples representing up to 33 different cancer types. External validation was performed using a breast cancer cohort and KM plotter with four cancer types. Results The PSM genetic alteration frequency was high in certain cancer types (e.g. 67%; esophageal adenocarcinoma), with DNA amplification being most common. Compared with normal tissue, most PSM genes were predominantly overexpressed in cancer. Survival analysis also established a relationship with PSM gene expression and adverse clinical outcome, where PSMA1 and PSMD11 expression were linked to more unfavorable prognosis in ≥ 30% of cancer types for both overall survival (OS) and relapse-free interval (PFI). Interestingly, PSMB5 gene expression was associated with OS (36%) and PFI (27%), and OS for PSMD2 (42%), especially when overexpressed. Conclusion These findings indicate that several PSM genes may potentially be prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for different cancer forms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10079-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Larsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Daniella Pettersson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Engqvist
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Werner Rönnerman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anikó Kovács
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Karlsson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Xu C, Yang J, Cao J, Jiang N, Zhou Y, Zeng L, Zhong Q, Fan Y. The quantitative proteomic analysis of rare minnow, Gobiocypris rarus, infected with virulent and attenuated isolates of grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:142-151. [PMID: 35219830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus genotype Ⅱ (GCRV II) causes severe hemorrhagic disease in grass carp and affects the aquaculture industry in China. GCRV Ⅱ isolates have been collected from different epidemic areas in China, and these isolates can lead to different degrees of hemorrhagic symptoms in grass carp. Rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) is widely used as a model fish to study the mechanism of hemorrhagic disease because of its high sensitivity to GCRV. In this study, the protein levels in the spleen of rare minnow after infection with GCRV virulent isolate JZ809 and attenuated isolate XT422 were investigated using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics. 109 and 50 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the virulent and attenuated infection groups were obtained, respectively, among which 40 DEPs were identified in both groups. Combining protein expression profiling with gene ontology (GO) annotation, the responses of rare minnow to the two genotypes GCRV Ⅱ in terms of upregulated proteins were similar, focusing on ATP synthesis, in which ATP can serve as a "danger" signal to activate an immunoreaction in eukaryotes. Meanwhile, the virulent genotype JZ809 induced more immunoproteins and increased the levels of ubiquitin-proteasome system members to adapt to virus infection. However, together with a persistent and excessive inflammatory response and declining carbon metabolism, rare minnow presented more severe hemorrhagic disease and mortality after infection with virulent JZ809 than with attenuated XT422. The results provide a valuable information that will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of viruses with different levels of virulence and the mechanism of interaction between the virus and host. Furthermore, the 6 proteins that were only significantly upregulated in the XT422 infection group all belonged to cluster 2, and 28 of 30 proteins that were only upregulated in JZ809 infection group were clustered into cluster 1. For the downregulated proteins, all DEPs in the XT422 infection group were clustered into cluster 4, and 25 of 39 proteins that were only significantly downregulated in the JZ809 infection group belonged to cluster 3. The results indicated that the DEPs in the attenuated XT422 infection group might be sensitive and their abundance changed more quickly when fish experienced virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - JiaJia Cao
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Nan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Yong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Lingbing Zeng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Qiwang Zhong
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Yuding Fan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China; College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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14
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Identification of N, C-capped di- and tripeptides as selective immunoproteasome inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 234:114252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Tian T, Fu J, Li D, Liu Y, Sun H, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang D, Zheng T, Zhao Y, Pang D. Methylation of Immune-Related Genes in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:817565. [PMID: 35223499 PMCID: PMC8867609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.817565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DNA methylation contributes to breast cancer (BC). Immune-related genes play crucial roles in BC development and progression. This study aims to investigate the effect of methylation of immune-related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) on BC risk. GSE51032 and GSE104942 datasets were used to identify significantly differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) of immune-related genes. A case-control study was conducted using MethylTarget sequencing to validate the relationship between the methylation levels of the screened genes and BC risk. We also evaluated the association between methylation haplotypes of screened genes and BC risk. Moreover, we sorted the blood leukocytes into T cells, B cells, and monocytes to detect the difference of DNA methylation in different cell subtypes. A total of five DMCs were screened from GEO datasets, including cg01760846 (PSMC1), cg07141527 (SPPL3), cg15658543 (CARD11), cg21568368 (PSMB8), and cg24045276 (NCF2). In the case-control study, there were significant associations between methylation of the CpG sites in the five genes and BC risk. Methylation haplotype burdens of PSMC1, CARD11, and PSMB8 were associated with reduced BC risk. Moreover, there were heterogeneities in the methylation levels of the genes in different cell subtypes. In conclusion, methylation of PSMC1, SPPL3, CARD11, PSMB8, and NCF2 in PBLs were associated with BC risk. The five-gene methylation could be the potential biomarkers for predicting BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - JinMing Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - DaPeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - YuPeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - HongRu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - XianYu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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16
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Cascio P. PA28γ: New Insights on an Ancient Proteasome Activator. Biomolecules 2021; 11:228. [PMID: 33562807 PMCID: PMC7915322 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PA28 (also known as 11S, REG or PSME) is a family of proteasome regulators whose members are widely present in many of the eukaryotic supergroups. In jawed vertebrates they are represented by three paralogs, PA28α, PA28β, and PA28γ, which assemble as heptameric hetero (PA28αβ) or homo (PA28γ) rings on one or both extremities of the 20S proteasome cylindrical structure. While they share high sequence and structural similarities, the three isoforms significantly differ in terms of their biochemical and biological properties. In fact, PA28α and PA28β seem to have appeared more recently and to have evolved very rapidly to perform new functions that are specifically aimed at optimizing the process of MHC class I antigen presentation. In line with this, PA28αβ favors release of peptide products by proteasomes and is particularly suited to support adaptive immune responses without, however, affecting hydrolysis rates of protein substrates. On the contrary, PA28γ seems to be a slow-evolving gene that is most similar to the common ancestor of the PA28 activators family, and very likely retains its original functions. Notably, PA28γ has a prevalent nuclear localization and is involved in the regulation of several essential cellular processes including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, chromatin structure and organization, and response to DNA damage. In striking contrast with the activity of PA28αβ, most of these diverse biological functions of PA28γ seem to depend on its ability to markedly enhance degradation rates of regulatory protein by 20S proteasome. The present review will focus on the molecular mechanisms and biochemical properties of PA28γ, which are likely to account for its various and complex biological functions and highlight the common features with the PA28αβ paralog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cascio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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17
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Synthesis of macrocyclic α-ketoamide as a selective and reversible immunoproteasome inhibitor. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Sun C, Jia G, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y. Immunoproteasome is up-regulated in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135360. [PMID: 32905834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study was to investigate whether immunoproteasome (i-proteasome) and its downstream pathway are related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rats were treated with rotenone showed significant weight loss and dyskinesia, which is consistent with the degeneration of TH-positive neurons and the activation of Iba-1-positive microglia/macrophages. Two major catalytic subunits of i-proteasome (PSMB9 and PSMB8) were seldom expressed in rat substantia nigra (SN) under normal condition, but they were significantly up-regulated with the release of TNF-α and IFN-γ after exposure to rotenone. In addition, compared with control group, the antigen presentation-related proteins antigen peptide transporter (TAP) 1, TAP2, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II levels were significantly up-regulated in rotenone group, which was in line with the accumulation of α-syn. These findings suggested that i-proteasome and antigen presentation pathways (related proteins) were upregulated by rotenone in a PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Guoyong Jia
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Xingbang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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19
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Kiuchi T, Tomaru U, Ishizu A, Imagawa M, Iwasaki S, Suzuki A, Otsuka N, Ohhara Y, Kinoshita I, Matsuno Y, Dosaka-Akita H, Kasahara M. Expression of the immunoproteasome subunit β5i in non-small cell lung carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:300-306. [PMID: 32943490 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The immunoproteasome is a specific proteasome isoform whose proteolytic activity enhances the generation of antigenic peptides to be presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to CD8+ T cells. Physiologically, it is expressed abundantly in immune cells and is induced in somatic cells by cytokines, especially interferon-γ. Recently, variable expression of immunoproteasomes has been demonstrated in different types of cancers. However, the clinical significance of immunoproteasome expression in malignant tumours is poorly understood. In this study, we performed clinicopathological evaluation of immunoproteasome subunit β5i in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). METHODS Tumour tissues were collected from 155 patients with NSCLCs, and immunohistochemical analysis for β5i was performed in relation to the prognosis of patients. RESULTS High expression of β5i was found in about 20% of all NSCLCs and was found significantly more frequently (40%) in the adenocarcinoma subset. High expression of β5i was associated with a better 5-year relative survival rate in patients with pStage I to II adenocarcinoma and was also a significant and independent favourable prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, when we performed in vitro analysis using NSCLC cell lines, combined treatment with the immunoproteasome-specific inhibitor ONX0914 and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 enhanced cell death in β5i-expressing NSCLC cell lines. CONCLUSION The expression of immunoproteasome can be explored as both a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLCs. Since immunoproteasomes have crucial role in the antigen presentation, further studies may help to provide essential knowledge for therapeutic strategies in anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kiuchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Imagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sari Iwasaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, KKR Sapporo Medical Center, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Otsuka
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohhara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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20
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Gan T, Li Y, Zhou XJ, Zhang H. Immunoproteasome in IgA Nephropathy: State-of-Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2518-2526. [PMID: 32792854 PMCID: PMC7415421 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and renal failure. The exact pathogenesis of IgAN is not well defined, but some genetic studies have led to a novel discovery that the immunoproteasome probably plays an important role in IgAN. The immunoproteasome is a proteasome variant that is expressed when cells are stressed or receive inflammatory signals. While immunoproteasome is suggested to be mainly involved in major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) antigen presentation, recent studies indicate that it may assert broad functions in trafficking events that activate both innate and adaptive immunity. In this review, we first summarize new insights into its functions in immunity, and discuss how it underlies its associations with IgAN. We also highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yang Li
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital; Peking University Institute of Nephrology; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China; Research Units of Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune-mediated Kidney Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
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22
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Retained or altered expression of major histocompatibility complex class I in patient-derived xenograft models in breast cancer. Immunol Res 2020; 67:469-477. [PMID: 31900802 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) in tumor cells is regulated by interferon signaling, and it is an important factor in the efficacy of cytotoxic T cell-dependent immunotherapy. To determine the impact of immune cells in MHC I expression on tumor cells, we compared the expression of MHC I in tumor cells derived from primary breast cancers and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. MHC I and myxovirus resistance gene A (MxA) expression were analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 23 cases of tumor tissue and corresponding primary and secondary PDXs. The median H score of MHC I was 210 (0-300) in patient tumor tissues, 197.5 (0-300) in primary PDX tumors, and 157.5 (5-300) in secondary PDX tumors. Cases were divided into four groups based on the difference in MHC I expression between the patient tumor tissues and secondary PDXs. Eleven cases constituted the high MHC I group, four constituted the low MHC I group, six comprised the decreased MHC I group, and two comprised the increased MHC I group. MHC I and MxA expressions in each tumor were weakly correlated within patients' tumors, while strongly correlated within PDX models. Retained or altered expression of MHC I in breast cancer PDXs reveals the presence of intrinsic and extrinsic interferon signaling pathways in tumor cells. Thus, considering MHC I expression in PDX is important when using PDX models to evaluate the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy in a preclinical setting.
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23
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Lo SB, Blaszak RT, Parajuli N. Targeting Mitochondria during Cold Storage to Maintain Proteasome Function and Improve Renal Outcome after Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3506. [PMID: 32429129 PMCID: PMC7279041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to maintenance dialysis, kidney transplantation results in improved patient survival and quality of life. Kidneys from living donors perform best; however, many patients with ESKD depend on kidneys from deceased donors. After procurement, donor kidneys are placed in a cold-storage solution until a suitable recipient is located. Sadly, prolonged cold storage times are associated with inferior transplant outcomes; therefore, in most situations when considering donor kidneys, long cold-storage times are avoided. The identification of novel mechanisms of cold-storage-related renal damage will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for preserving donor kidneys; to date, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial and proteasome function, protein homeostasis, and renal recovery during stress from cold storage plus transplantation. Additionally, we discuss novel targets for therapeutic intervention to improve renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorena B. Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Richard T. Blaszak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Immunoproteasome Genes Are Modulated in CD34 + JAK2 V617F Mutated Cells from Primary Myelofibrosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082926. [PMID: 32331228 PMCID: PMC7216198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by stem-cell-derived clonal over-proliferation of mature myeloid lineages, bone marrow fibrosis, osteosclerosis, defective erythropoiesis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine over-expression. The aim of the present study was to highlight possible differences in the transcriptome among CD34+ cells from peripheral blood (PB) of PMF patients. Therefore, we merged two microarray datasets of healthy control subjects and PMF (34 JAK2V617F MUTATED and 28 JAK2 wild-type). The GO analysis of upregulated genes revealed enrichment for JAK2/STAT1 pathway gene set in PB CD34+ cells of PMF patients with and without the JAK2V617F mutation comparing to the healthy control subjects, and in particular a significant upregulation of immunoproteasome (IP)-belonging genes as PSMB8, PSMB9, and PSMB10. A more detailed investigation of the IFN-gamma (IFNG) pathway also revealed that IFNG, IRF1, and IFNGR2 were significantly upregulated in PB CD34+ cells of PMF patients carrying the mutation for JAK2V617F compared to JAK2 wild-type PMF patients. Finally, we showed an upregulation of HLA-class I genes in PB CD34+ cells from PMF JAK2V617F mutated patients compared to JAK2 wild-type and healthy controls. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that IPs and IFNG pathways could be involved in PMF disease and in particular in patients carrying the JAK2V617F mutation.
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Abstract
The proteasome degrades most cellular proteins in a controlled and tightly regulated manner and thereby controls many processes, including cell cycle, transcription, signalling, trafficking and protein quality control. Proteasomal degradation is vital in all cells and organisms, and dysfunction or failure of proteasomal degradation is associated with diverse human diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Target selection is an important and well-established way to control protein degradation. In addition, mounting evidence indicates that cells adjust proteasome-mediated degradation to their needs by regulating proteasome abundance through the coordinated expression of proteasome subunits and assembly chaperones. Central to the regulation of proteasome assembly is TOR complex 1 (TORC1), which is the master regulator of cell growth and stress. This Review discusses how proteasome assembly and the regulation of proteasomal degradation are integrated with cellular physiology, including the interplay between the proteasome and autophagy pathways. Understanding these mechanisms has potential implications for disease therapy, as the misregulation of proteasome function contributes to human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Cellular Responses to Proteasome Inhibition: Molecular Mechanisms and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143379. [PMID: 31295808 PMCID: PMC6678303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have been actively tested as potential anticancer drugs and in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, cells adapt to survive in the presence of proteasome inhibitors activating a variety of cell responses that explain why these therapies have not fulfilled their expected results. In addition, all proteasome inhibitors tested and approved by the FDA have caused a variety of side effects in humans. Here, we describe the different types of proteasome complexes found within cells and the variety of regulators proteins that can modulate their activities, including those that are upregulated in the context of inflammatory processes. We also summarize the adaptive cellular responses activated during proteasome inhibition with special emphasis on the activation of the Autophagic-Lysosomal Pathway (ALP), proteaphagy, p62/SQSTM1 enriched-inclusion bodies, and proteasome biogenesis dependent on Nrf1 and Nrf2 transcription factors. Moreover, we discuss the role of IRE1 and PERK sensors in ALP activation during ER stress and the involvement of two deubiquitinases, Rpn11 and USP14, in these processes. Finally, we discuss the aspects that should be currently considered in the development of novel strategies that use proteasome activity as a therapeutic target for the treatment of human diseases.
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Sun C, Mo M, Wang Y, Yu W, Song C, Wang X, Chen S, Liu Y. Activation of the immunoproteasome protects SH-SY5Y cells from the toxicity of rotenone. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:112-119. [PMID: 30904435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression and role of immunoproteasome (i-proteasome) in a cell model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The cytotoxicity of rotenone was measured by CCK-8 assay. The i-proteasome β1i subunit PSMB9 was suppressed by a specific shRNA or transfected with an overexpression plasmid in the SH-SY5Y cells. Under the exposure to rotenone or not, the expression of constitutive proteasome β subunits, i-proteasome βi subunits, antigen presentation related proteins, α-syn and TH were detected by Western blot in PSMB9-silenced or -overexpressed cells, and the proteasomal activities were detected by fluorogenic peptide substrates. The location of i-proteasome βi subunits and α-syn were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of ROS, GSH and MDA were measured by commercial kits. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Besides impairing the constitutive proteasomes, rotenone induced the expression of βi subunits of i-proteasome and antigen presentation related proteins such as TAP1, TAP2 and MHC-I. Silencing or overexpressing PSMB9 had no obvious effect on the levels of other subunits, but could regulate the chymotrypsin-like activity of 20S proteasome and the expression of TAP1, TAP2 and MHC-I. Three βi subunits (PSMB9, PSMB10, PSMB8) of i-proteasome were all co-localized with α-syn. PSMB9 knockdown aggravated accumulation of α-syn, degradation of TH, release of ROS, increased level of MDA, decreased level of GSH and eventually promoted apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells after rotenone treatment, while over-expression of PSMB9 could attenuate these toxic effects of rotenone. I-proteasome is activated in SH-SY5Y cells treated with rotenone and may play a neuroprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chengyuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xingbang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Curto P, Santa C, Allen P, Manadas B, Simões I, Martinez JJ. A Pathogen and a Non-pathogen Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Trigger Differential Proteome Signatures in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:43. [PMID: 30895174 PMCID: PMC6414445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia montanensis have distinct intracellular fates within THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that the ability to proliferate within macrophages may be a distinguishable factor between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Spotted fever group (SFG) members. To start unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the capacity (or not) of SFG Rickettsia to establish their replicative niche in macrophages, we have herein used quantitative proteomics by SWATH-MS to profile the alterations resulted by the challenge of THP-1 macrophages with R. conorii and R. montanensis. We show that the pathogenic, R. conorii, and the non-pathogenic, R. montanensis, member of SFG Rickettsia trigger differential proteomic signatures in macrophage-like cells upon infection. R. conorii specifically induced the accumulation of several enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid β-oxidation, and glutaminolysis, as well as of several inner and outer membrane mitochondrial transporters. These results suggest a profound metabolic rewriting of macrophages by R. conorii toward a metabolic signature of an M2-like, anti-inflammatory activation program. Moreover, several subunits forming the proteasome and immunoproteasome are found in lower abundance upon infection with both rickettsial species, which may help bacteria to escape immune surveillance. R. conorii-infection specifically induced the accumulation of several host proteins implicated in protein processing and quality control in ER, suggesting that this pathogenic Rickettsia may be able to increase the ER protein folding capacity. This work reveals novel aspects of macrophage-Rickettsia interactions, expanding our knowledge of how pathogenic rickettsiae explore host cells to their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Curto
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Cátia Santa
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paige Allen
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isaura Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Juan J. Martinez
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Cheng J, Guo J, North BJ, Tao K, Zhou P, Wei W. The emerging role for Cullin 4 family of E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:138-159. [PMID: 30602127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the Cullin-RING ligase family, Cullin-RING ligase 4 (CRL4) has drawn much attention due to its broad regulatory roles under physiological and pathological conditions, especially in neoplastic events. Based on evidence from knockout and transgenic mouse models, human clinical data, and biochemical interactions, we summarize the distinct roles of the CRL4 E3 ligase complexes in tumorigenesis, which appears to be tissue- and context-dependent. Notably, targeting CRL4 has recently emerged as a noval anti-cancer strategy, including thalidomide and its derivatives that bind to the substrate recognition receptor cereblon (CRBN), and anticancer sulfonamides that target DCAF15 to suppress the neoplastic proliferation of multiple myeloma and colorectal cancers, respectively. To this end, PROTACs have been developed as a group of engineered bi-functional chemical glues that induce the ubiquitination-mediated degradation of substrates via recruiting E3 ligases, such as CRL4 (CRBN) and CRL2 (pVHL). We summarize the recent major advances in the CRL4 research field towards understanding its involvement in tumorigenesis and further discuss its clinical implications. The anti-tumor effects using the PROTAC approach to target the degradation of undruggable targets are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengbo Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Abstract
Proliferative lupus nephritis requires prompt diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressive therapy. Cyclophosphamide is the longest studied agent, but mycophenolate mofetil has recently emerged as an efficacious induction and maintenance treatment that does not impart the risk of infertility. However, overall remission rates remain suboptimal and there is a need for improved therapeutic options. To this end, ongoing clinical studies are focusing on agents that target key molecules and pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis based on previous animal and human studies. This article reviews key findings of trials supporting established induction and maintenance treatment regimens along with novel therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Meliambro
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1243, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1243, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1243, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Magnani ND, Dada LA, Sznajder JI. Ubiquitin-proteasome signaling in lung injury. Transl Res 2018; 198:29-39. [PMID: 29752900 PMCID: PMC6986356 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell homeostasis requires precise coordination of cellular proteins function. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that modulates protein half-life and function and is tightly regulated by ubiquitin E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Lung injury can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome that is characterized by an inflammatory response and disruption of the alveolocapillary barrier resulting in alveolar edema accumulation and hypoxemia. Ubiquitination plays an important role in the pathobiology of acute lung injury as it regulates the proteins modulating the alveolocapillary barrier and the inflammatory response. Better understanding of the signaling pathways regulated by ubiquitination may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting specific elements of the ubiquitination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D Magnani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura A Dada
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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32
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Ogorevc E, Schiffrer ES, Sosič I, Gobec S. A patent review of immunoproteasome inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:517-540. [PMID: 29865878 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1484904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ubiquitin-proteasome system is responsible for maintaining protein homeostasis and regulating a variety of cellular processes. The constitutive proteasome is expressed in all cells while the immunoproteasome (IP) is predominantly found in cells of hematopoietic origin. In other cells, the expression of IP can be induced under the influence of cytokines released by T cells during acute immune and stress responses. Inhibitors of IP are of significant interest, because it is expected that selective inhibition of the IP would cause fewer adverse effects. AREAS COVERED There is a considerable interest on patenting IP-specific inhibitors. Relevant patents and patent applications disclosing IP inhibitors are summarized and divided into two parts according to the chemical characteristics of compounds. We also briefly report on the biochemical methods used in the patents to profile the characteristics of IP inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Several selective inhibitors of IP with a promising ability to address autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are being developed. Peptidic compounds are prevalent and the most advanced IP-selective compounds to date, ONX-0914 and KZR-616, are tripeptide epoxyketone-based molecules. However, some patents disclose that IP-selective inhibition is possible with compounds possessing non-peptidic scaffolds indicating countless possibilities to address inhibition of IP in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ogorevc
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | | | - Izidor Sosič
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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Lee M, Song IH, Heo SH, Kim YA, Park IA, Bang WS, Park HS, Gong G, Lee HJ. Expression of Immunoproteasome Subunit LMP7 in Breast Cancer and Its Association with Immune-Related Markers. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:80-89. [PMID: 29510614 PMCID: PMC6333994 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2017.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the presence of interferon, proteasome subunits are replaced by their inducible counterparts to form an immunoproteasome (IP) plays a key role in generation of antigenic peptides presented by MHC class I molecules, leading to elicitation of a T cell‒mediated immune response. Although the roles of IP in other cancers, and inflammatory diseases have been extensively studied, its significance in breast cancer is unclear. Materials and Methods We investigated the expression of LMP7, an IP subunit, and its relationship with immune system components in two breast cancer cohorts. Results In 668 consecutive breast cancer cohort, 40% of tumors showed high level of LMP7 expression, and tumors with high expression of LMP7 had more tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in each subtype of breast cancer. In another cohort of 681 triple-negative breast cancer patients cohort, the expression of LMP7 in tumor cells was significantly correlated with the amount of TILs and the expression of interferon-associated molecules (MxA [p < 0.001] and PKR [p < 0.001]), endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated molecules (PERK [p=0.012], p-eIF2a [p=0.001], and XBP1 [p < 0.001]), and damage-associated molecular patterns (HMGN1 [p < 0.001] and HMGB1 [p < 0.001]). Patients with higher LMP7 expression had better disease-free survival outcomes than those with no or low expression in the positive lymph node metastasis group (p=0.041). Conclusion Close association between the TIL levels and LMP7 expression in breast cancer indicates that better antigen presentation through greater LMP7 expression might be associated with more TILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Hye Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Heo
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Ah Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seon Bang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seon Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyungyub Gong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bosc E, Nastri J, Lefort V, Valli M, Contiguiba F, Pioli R, Furlan M, Bolzani VDS, El Amri C, Reboud-Ravaux M. Piperlongumine and some of its analogs inhibit selectively the human immunoproteasome over the constitutive proteasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:961-966. [PMID: 29355526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The natural small molecule piperlongumine A is toxic selectively to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This toxicity has been correlated with cancer cell ROS, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death increases. We demonstrate here a new mechanistic property of piperlongumine: it inhibits selectively human immunoproteasome with no noticeable inhibition of human constitutive proteasome. This result suggests that immunoproteasome inhibition, a mechanism independent of ROS elevation, may also partly play a role in the anticancer effects observed with piperlongumine. Structure-activity relationships of piperlongumine analogs suggest that the lactam (piperidonic) ring of piperlongumine A may be replaced by the linear olefin -NHCO-CH2=CH2 to improve both in vitro inhibitory efficiency against immunoproteasome and cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Bosc
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06-CNRS, IBPS, UMR 8256, Inserm ERL1164, B2A, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Jhennifer Nastri
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Valérie Lefort
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06-CNRS, IBPS, UMR 8256, Inserm ERL1164, B2A, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F75005 Paris, France
| | - Marilia Valli
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Contiguiba
- Institute for Natural Products Research Walter Mors, Health Sciences Center - HSC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, 21941902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Pioli
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of São Paulo - USP, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Furlan
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06-CNRS, IBPS, UMR 8256, Inserm ERL1164, B2A, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F75005 Paris, France.
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06-CNRS, IBPS, UMR 8256, Inserm ERL1164, B2A, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, F75005 Paris, France.
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Bakas NA, Schultz CR, Yco LP, Roberts CC, Chang CEA, Bachmann AS, Pirrung MC. Immunoproteasome inhibition and bioactivity of thiasyrbactins. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:401-412. [PMID: 29269255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A family of macrodilactam natural products, the syrbactins, are known proteasome inhibitors. A small group of syrbactin analogs was prepared with a sulfur-for-carbon substitution to enhance synthetic accessibility and facilitate modulation of their solubility. Two of these compounds surprisingly proved to be inhibitors of the trypsin-like catalytic site, including of the immunoproteasome. Their bound and free conformations suggest special properties of the thiasyrbactin ring are responsible for this unusual preference, which may be exploited to develop drug-like immunoproteasome inhibitors. These compounds show greater selectivity than earlier compounds used to infer phenotypes of immunoproteasome inhibition, like ONX-0914.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Bakas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Chad R Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Lisette P Yco
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Chia-En A Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - André S Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Michael C Pirrung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Eskandari SK, Seelen MAJ, Lin G, Azzi JR. The immunoproteasome: An old player with a novel and emerging role in alloimmunity. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:3033-3039. [PMID: 28719024 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern treatment strategies for the maintenance of allograft acceptance frequently target ubiquitously-expressed pathways, leading to significant side-effects and poor long-term allograft outcomes. Constitutive proteasome inhibitors, which have recently been introduced for the treatment of antibody-mediated rejection, target the ubiquitously-expressed proteasome. To limit off-target effects and serious mechanism-based toxicity, however, these inhibitors are administered intermittently and suboptimally. Immunoproteasomes, which are an inducible subset of proteasomes enriched in immune cells, replace constitutive proteasomes after cell exposure to proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ. While immunoproteasomes were first described as processors of antigen for presentation by major histocompatibility complex molecules, recent findings point to its broader biological roles. These vary from activating different subsets of the immune system, by controlling transcriptional activators and downstream cytokines, to affecting their differentiation and survival. These emerging roles of the immunoproteasome in activated immune cells have made it a rational candidate for the targeted treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Preclinical studies have established its role in maintaining allograft acceptance without significant short- or long-term toxicity. This review provides a brief background of the immunoproteasome and outlines its role in immunological pathways and its potential in alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Eskandari
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M A J Seelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - J R Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Isolation and Characterization of Serum Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) from Atlantic Salmon Infected with Piscirickettsia Salmonis. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5040034. [PMID: 29194379 PMCID: PMC5748569 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a common feature of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Isolated EVs have been shown to contain different types of molecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, and are reported to be key players in intercellular communication. Little is known, however, of EV secretion in fish, or the effect of infection on EV release and content. In the present study, EVs were isolated from the serum of healthy and Piscirickettsia salmonis infected Atlantic salmon in order to evaluate the effect of infection on EV secretion. P. salmonis is facultative intracellular bacterium that causes a systemic infection disease in farmed salmonids. EVs isolated from both infected and non-infected fish had an average diameter of 230–300 nm, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry identified 180 proteins in serum EVs from both groups of fish. Interestingly, 35 unique proteins were identified in serum EVs isolated from the fish infected with P. salmonis. These unique proteins included proteasomes subunits, granulins, and major histocompatibility class I and II. Our results suggest that EV release could be part of a mechanism in which host stimulatory molecules are released from infected cells to promote an immune response.
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Cromm PM, Crews CM. The Proteasome in Modern Drug Discovery: Second Life of a Highly Valuable Drug Target. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:830-838. [PMID: 28852696 PMCID: PMC5571462 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the central figure of the cellular protein degradation machinery, the proteasome is critical for cell survival. Having been extensively targeted for inhibition, the constitutive proteasome has proven its role as a highly valuable drug target. However, recent advances in the protein homeostasis field suggest that additional chapters can be added to this successful story. For example, selective immunoproteasome inhibition promises high clinical efficacy for autoimmune disorders and inflammation, and proteasome inhibitors might serve as novel therapeutics for malaria or other microorganisms. Furthermore, utilizing the destructive force of the proteasome for selective degradation of essential drivers of human disorders has opened up a new and exciting area of drug discovery. Thus, the field of proteasome drug discovery still holds exciting questions to be answered and does not simply end with inhibiting the constitutive proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Cromm
- Department
of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Department
of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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