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Ajoolabady A, Pratico D, Vinciguerra M, Lip GYH, Franceschi C, Ren J. Inflammaging: mechanisms and role in the cardiac and vasculature. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:373-387. [PMID: 37076375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging triggers a wide range of cellular and molecular aberrations in the body, giving rise to inflammation and associated diseases. In particular, aging is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation even in absence of inflammatory stimuli, a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'inflammaging'. Accumulating evidence has revealed that inflammaging in vascular and cardiac tissues is associated with the emergence of pathological states such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. In this review we survey molecular and pathological mechanisms of inflammaging in vascular and cardiac aging to identify potential targets, natural therapeutic compounds, and other strategies to suppress inflammaging in the heart and vasculature, as well as in associated diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Johns Moore University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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2
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Wang L, O'Kane AM, Zhang Y, Ren J. Maternal obesity and offspring health: Adapting metabolic changes through autophagy and mitophagy. Obes Rev 2023:e13567. [PMID: 37055041 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity leads to obstetric complications and a high prevalence of metabolic anomalies in the offspring. Among various contributing factors for maternal obesity-evoked health sequelae, developmental programming is considered as one of the leading culprit factors for maternal obesity-associated chronic comorbidities. Although a unified theory is still lacking to systematically address multiple unfavorable postnatal health sequelae, a cadre of etiological machineries have been put forward, including lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, and cell death. Hereinto, autophagy and mitophagy play an essential housekeeping role in the clearance of long-lived, damaged, and unnecessary cell components to maintain and restore cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy/mitophagy has been reported in maternal obesity and negatively impacts fetal development and postnatal health. This review will provide an update on metabolic disorders in fetal development and postnatal health issues evoked by maternal obesity and/or intrauterine overnutrition and discuss the possible contribution of autophagy/mitophagy in metabolic diseases. Moreover, relevant mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies will be discussed in an effort to target autophagy/mitophagy and metabolic disturbances in maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aislinn M O'Kane
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Sadeghi S, Delphan M, Shams M, Esmaeili F, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Shanaki M. The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation can positively regulate the autophagy pathway in myocardial cells of STZ-induced diabetic rats. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 36841820 PMCID: PMC9960211 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Targeting autophagy is a new therapeutic strategy for the complications of diabetes,such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). During diabetes, increased or insufficient autophagic activity causes aberrations in cellular homeostasis. Regarding the conflicting and unclear results regarding the effect of HIIT and curcumin supplementation on the expression of genes associated to autophagy, this study aimed to assess whether 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and curcumin supplementation are able to influence the expression of autophagy-related genes in myocardial cells of diabetic rats. METHODS In an experimental design, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetes + HIIT (D + HIIT), and diabetes + curcumin (D + CU). After HIIT program and curcumin treatment, the genes expression of autophagy pathway were assessed in the myocardium by real-time PCR Tanique. RESULTS The results indicated that the expression levels of ATG1, Beclin1, ATG5, and LAMP-2 genes were significantly reduced in the DC group compared to the NC group (p < 0.001). Following 4-week HIIT, the expression of Beclin1, ATG-5, and LAMP-2 improved considerably compared to the DC group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, after 4 weeks of curcumin supplementation, the expression levels of ATG-5 and Beclin-1 were significantly improved compared to the DC group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). It seems HIIT and curcumin supplementation can be an effective approach for inducing autophagy and improving cardiac function in DCM rats.However, HIIT seems more effective than curcumin in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sadeghi
- grid.411600.2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Delphan
- grid.411354.60000 0001 0097 6984Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shams
- grid.411600.2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Mehrnoosh Shanaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Kaludercic N, Maiuri MC, Kaushik S, Fernández ÁF, de Bruijn J, Castoldi F, Chen Y, Ito J, Mukai R, Murakawa T, Nah J, Pietrocola F, Saito T, Sebti S, Semenzato M, Tsansizi L, Sciarretta S, Madrigal-Matute J. Comprehensive autophagy evaluation in cardiac disease models. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:483-504. [PMID: 31504266 PMCID: PMC7064050 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved recycling mechanism essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The pathophysiological role of autophagy has been explored since its discovery 50 years ago, but interest in autophagy has grown exponentially over the last years. Many researchers around the globe have found that autophagy is a critical pathway involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. Several groups have created novel and powerful tools for gaining deeper insights into the role of autophagy in the aetiology and development of pathologies affecting the heart. Here, we discuss how established and emerging methods to study autophagy can be used to unravel the precise function of this central recycling mechanism in the cardiac system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Álvaro F Fernández
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute (CARIM), Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen, University, Pauwelsstrase 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Yun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jumpei Ito
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Risa Mukai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NY, USA
| | - Tomokazu Murakawa
- The School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jihoon Nah
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NY, USA
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Laboratory. Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona; Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toshiro Saito
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Salwa Sebti
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Martina Semenzato
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tsansizi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U Bassi 58B, 35121, Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, LT, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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5
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kanamori H, Naruse G, Yoshida A, Minatoguchi S, Watanabe T, Kawaguchi T, Tanaka T, Yamada Y, Takasugi H, Mikami A, Minatoguchi S, Miyazaki T, Okura H. Morphological characteristics in diabetic cardiomyopathy associated with autophagy. J Cardiol 2020; 77:30-40. [PMID: 32907780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, clinically diagnosed as ventricular dysfunction in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis or hypertension in diabetic patients, is a cardiac muscle-specific disease that increases the risk of heart failure and mortality. Its clinical course is characterized initially by diastolic dysfunction, later by systolic dysfunction, and eventually by clinical heart failure from an uncertain mechanism. Light microscopic features such as interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are observed in diabetic cardiomyopathy, but are common to failing hearts generally and are not specific to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Electron microscopic studies of biopsy samples from diabetic patients with heart failure have revealed that the essential mechanism underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy involves thickening of the capillary basement membrane, accumulation of lipid droplets, and glycogen as well as increased numbers of autophagic vacuoles within cardiomyocytes. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism that contributes to maintaining intracellular homeostasis by degrading long-lived proteins and damaged organelles and is observed more often in cardiomyocytes within failing hearts. Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs cardiac metabolism and leads to dysregulation of energy substrates that contribute to cardiac autophagy. However, a "snapshot" showing greater numbers of autophagic vacuoles within cardiomyocytes may indicate that autophagy is activated into phagophore formation or is suppressed due to impairment of the lysosomal degradation step. Recent in vivo studies have shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism governing autophagy and its essential meaning in the diabetic heart. Autophagic responses to diabetic cardiomyopathy differ between diabetic types: they are enhanced in type 1 DM, but are suppressed in type 2 DM. This difference provides important insight into the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, paying particular attention to autophagy in the heart, and discuss the therapeutic potential of interventions modulating autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Kanamori
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Genki Naruse
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shingo Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takatomo Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hironobu Takasugi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mikami
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shinya Minatoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Okura
- Department of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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7
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Wang S, Chen X, Zeng B, Xu X, Chen H, Zhao P, Hilaire ML, Bucala R, Zheng Q, Ren J. Knockout of macrophage migration inhibitory factor accentuates side-stream smoke exposure-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction through dysregulated mitophagy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104828. [PMID: 32339783 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Second hand smoke exposure increases the prevalence of chronic diseases partly attributed to inflammatory responses. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases although its role in second hand smoke exposure-induced cardiac anomalies remains elusive. This study evaluated the impact of MIF knockout on side-stream smoke exposure-induced cardiac pathology and underlying mechanisms. Adult WT and MIF knockout (MIFKO) mice were placed in a chamber exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 h daily for 60 consecutive days. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte function and intracellular Ca2+ handling were evaluated. Autophagy, mitophagy and apoptosis were examined using western blot. DHE staining was used to evaluate superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Masson trichrome staining was employed to assess interstitial fibrosis. Our data revealed that MIF knockout accentuated side-stream smoke-induced cardiac anomalies in fractional shortening, cardiomyocyte function, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, myocardial ultrastructure and mitochondrial content along with overt apoptosis and O2- generation. In addition, unfavorable effects of side-stream smoke were accompanied by excessive formation of autophagolysosome and elevated TFEB, the effect of which was exacerbated by MIF knockout. Recombinant MIF rescued smoke extract-induced myopathic anomalies through promoting AMPK activation, mitophagy and lysosomal function. Taken together, our data suggest that MIF serves as a protective factor against side-stream smoke exposure-induced myopathic changes through facilitating mitophagy and autophagolysosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Biru Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xihui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Michelle L Hilaire
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06520, CT USA
| | - Qijun Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie 82071, WY USA; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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8
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Luo Y, Fan C, Yang M, Dong M, Bucala R, Pei Z, Zhang Y, Ren J. CD74 knockout protects against LPS-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction through AMPK-Skp2-SUV39H1-mediated demethylation of BCLB. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1881-1897. [PMID: 31877229 PMCID: PMC7070165 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, triggers myocardial anomalies in sepsis. Recent findings indicated a role for inflammatory cytokine MIF and its receptor, CD74, in septic organ injury, although little is known of the role of MIF-CD74 in septic cardiomyopathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH This study evaluated the impact of CD74 ablation on endotoxaemia-induced cardiac anomalies. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties were examined. KEY RESULTS Our data revealed compromised cardiac function (lower fractional shortening, enlarged LV end systolic diameter, decreased peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, prolonged duration of relengthening and intracellular Ca2+ mishandling) and ultrastructural derangement associated with inflammation, O2 - production, apoptosis, excess autophagy, phosphorylation of AMPK and JNK and dampened mTOR phosphorylation. These effects were attenuated or mitigated by CD74 knockout. LPS challenge also down-regulated Skp2, an F-box component of Skp1/Cullin/F-box protein-type ubiquitin ligase, while up-regulating that of SUV39H1 and H3K9 methylation of the Bcl2 protein BCLB. These effects were reversed by CD74 ablation. In vitro study revealed that LPS facilitated GFP-LC3B formation and cardiomyocyte defects. These effects were prevented by CD74 ablation. Interestingly, the AMPK activator AICAR, the autophagy inducer rapamycin and the demethylation inhibitor difenoconazole inhibited the effects of CD74 ablation against LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction, while the SUV39H1 inhibitor chaetocin or methylation inhibitor 5-AzaC ameliorated LPS-induced GFP-LC3B formation and cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggested that CD74 ablation protected against LPS-induced cardiac anomalies, O2 - production, inflammation and apoptosis through suppression of autophagy in a Skp2-SUV39H1-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Luo
- The Second Department of CardiologyThe Third Hospital of NanchangNanchangChina
- Jiangxi University of Traditional MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Congcong Fan
- The Second Department of CardiologyThe Third Hospital of NanchangNanchangChina
- Jiangxi University of Traditional MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Mingjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesFudan University Zhongshan HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Maolong Dong
- Department of Burns, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of MedicineYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut
| | - Zhaohui Pei
- The Second Department of CardiologyThe Third Hospital of NanchangNanchangChina
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesFudan University Zhongshan HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesFudan University Zhongshan HospitalShanghaiChina
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9
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Cheng WL, Kao YH, Chen YC, Lin YK, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases atrial arrhythmogenesis through CD74 signaling. Transl Res 2020; 216:43-56. [PMID: 31669150 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). CD74 (major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain) is the main receptor for MIF. However, the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in atrial arrhythmogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MIF/CD74 signaling on atrial electrophysiological characteristics and determined its underlying mechanisms. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, patch clamp, and western blot analysis were used to study calcium homeostasis, ionic currents, and calcium-related signaling in MIF-treated HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes with or without anti-CD74 neutralized antibodies treatment. Furthermore, electrocardiographic telemetry recording and echocardiography were obtained from mice treated with MIF. Compared with controls, MIF-treated HL-1 myocytes had increased calcium transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) efflux rate, calcium leak, transient outward potassium current, and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current. Furthermore, MIF could induce expression of SR Ca2+ATPase, NCX, phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and activation of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) when compared with control cells. MIF-mediated electrical dysregulation and CaMKII-RyR2 signaling activation were attenuated through blocking of CD74. Moreover, MIF-injected mice had lesser left atrium fractional shortening, greater atrial fibrosis, and atrial ectopic beats than control (nonspecific immunoglobulin treated) or MIF combined with anti-CD74 neutralized antibody-treated mice. Consequently, our study on MIF/CD74 signaling has pointed out a new potential therapeutic intervention of AF patients with MIF elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Yang H, Xin X, Yu H, Bao Y, Jia P, Wu N, Jia D. microRNA Expression Profiles in Myocardium of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rat. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1147-1159. [PMID: 32346302 PMCID: PMC7167270 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s248948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This study aimed to explore microRNA expression profiles in the myocardium of HFD-induced obesity rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, and fed with normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 20 weeks. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Left ventricular myocardium was harvested to assess the extent of myocardial morphology alteration. MicroRNA expression was analyzed using Agilent miRNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the microarray data. The mirdbV6 database was used to forecast the miRNA target genes. The role of microRNAs in palmitate-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was evaluated by loss- and gain-of-function experiments. RESULTS Significant changes in cardiac function, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis were found in HFD rats as compared with NCD rats. miR-141-3p and miR-144-3p were also significantly upregulated in the myocardium of HFD-induced obesity rat. A series of genes involved in essential biological processes, including anatomical structure development and metabolic process, was targeted by these two miRNAs. These target genes were also implicated in signaling pathways involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, autophagy, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Inhibition of miR-141 or overexpression of miR-144 attenuated palmitate-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. In contrast, overexpression of miR-141 or inhibition of miR-144 aggravated palmitate-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study identifies that miR-141 and miR-144 are candidate miRNAs associated with the development of HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction and structure alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yandong Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dalin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dalin Jia; Nan Wu Department of Cardiology The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155th North of Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning110001, People’s Republic of China Email ;
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11
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Meng F, Li D, Song B, Li L. Impaired Myocardial MIF/AMPK Activation Aggravates Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:1046-1054. [PMID: 30914037 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190326143254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Obese patients are more sensitive to myocardial ischemia, which has been
linked with high mortality rates. The following study investigates the effects of impaired macrophage
Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)/AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) activation on increased
susceptibility to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Methods:
Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal diet (10% kcal as fat, lean group) or a high-fat
diet (60kcal as fat, obese group) for 12 consecutive weeks. To detect the MIF expression and AMPK
activation in response to I/R in isolated hearts from lean and obese mice, myocardial samples were
collected from left ventricular areas at different time points. To determine whether MIF supplementation
is protective against I/R injury, recombined MIF (10 ng/mL) was applied before ischemia. Myocardial
infarct size was estimated by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Western blot was used to detect
myocardial MIF expression, AMPK activation and membrane glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) expression.
Results:
The expression of MIF was remarkably higher in obese group compared to lean group.
Ischemia increased myocardial MIF expression and phosphorylation of AMPK in lean mice, whereas it
had no significant effect on obese mice. Furthermore, administration of recombinant MIF increased
ischemic AMPK activation and membrane Glut4 expression in both lean and obese mice, while it reduced
the infarct size in lean mice only.
Conclusion:
An impaired MIF/AMPK activation response and consequent reduced membrane Glut4
expression may play an important role in increasing myocardial susceptibility to I/R in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqing Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Childcare Hospital, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bingfeng Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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12
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Pires KM, Torres NS, Buffolo M, Gunville R, Schaaf C, Davis K, Selzman CH, Gottlieb RA, Boudina S. Suppression of Cardiac Autophagy by Hyperinsulinemia in Insulin Receptor-Deficient Hearts Is Mediated by Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:444-457. [PMID: 31088290 PMCID: PMC6653796 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Autophagy is a catabolic process required for the maintenance of cardiac health. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are potent inhibitors of autophagy and as such, one would predict that autophagy will be increased in the insulin-resistant/diabetic heart. However, autophagy is rather decreased in the hearts of diabetic/insulin-resistant mice. The aim of this study is to determine the contribution of IGF-1 receptor signaling to autophagy suppression in insulin receptor (IR)-deficient hearts. Results: Absence of IRs in the heart was associated with reduced autophagic flux, and further inhibition of autophagosome clearance reduced survival, impaired contractile function, and enhanced myocyte loss. Contrary to the in vivo setting, isolated cardiomyocytes from IR-deficient hearts exhibited unrestrained autophagy in the absence of insulin, whereas addition of insulin was able to suppress autophagy. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the responsiveness to insulin in IR-deficient hearts, we generated mice lacking both IRs and one copy of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in cardiac cells and showed that these mice had increased autophagy. Innovation and Conclusion: This study unveils a new mechanism by which IR-deficient hearts can still respond to insulin to suppress autophagy, in part, through activation of IGF-1R signaling. This is a highly significant observation because it is the first to show that systemic hyperinsulinemia can suppress autophagy in IR-deficient hearts through IGF-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Maria Pires
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Natalia S Torres
- 2 Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Marcio Buffolo
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - River Gunville
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christin Schaaf
- 3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kathryn Davis
- 2 Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Craig H Selzman
- 3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- 4 The Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sihem Boudina
- 1 Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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13
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Mitochondrial ROS-induced lysosomal dysfunction impairs autophagic flux and contributes to M1 macrophage polarization in a diabetic condition. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1759-1777. [PMID: 31383716 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype and its subsequent inflammatory response have been implicated in the progression of diabetic complications. Despite adverse consequences of autophagy impairment on macrophage inflammation, the regulation of macrophage autophagy under hyperglycemic conditions is incompletely understood. Here, we report that the autophagy-lysosome system and mitochondrial function are impaired in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and high glucose (HG)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and blocks autophagic flux by impairing lysosome function in macrophages under hyperglycemic conditions. Conversely, inhibition of mitochondrial ROS by Mito-TEMPO prevents HG-induced M1 macrophage polarization, and its effect is offset by blocking autophagic flux. The role of mitochondrial ROS in lysosome dysfunction and M1 macrophage polarization is also demonstrated in mitochondrial complex I defective RAW 264.7 cells induced by silencing NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit-S4 (Ndufs4). These findings prove that mitochondrial ROS plays a key role in promoting macrophage polarization to inflammatory phenotype by impairing autophagy-lysosome system, which might provide clue to a novel treatment for diabetic complications.
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14
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Mishra V, Yadav N, Saraogi GK, Tambuwala MM, Giri N. Dendrimer Based Nanoarchitectures in Diabetes Management: An Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2569-2583. [PMID: 31333099 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716125332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has turned out to be one of the biggest worldwide health and economic burdens, with its expanded predominance and high complexity proportion. The quantity of diabetic patients is expanding enormously around the world. Several reports have demonstrated the sharp increment in the sufferers. Stable and acceptable blood glucose control is fundamental to diminish diabetes-related complications. Consequently, ceaseless endeavors have been made in antidiabetic drugs, treatment strategies, and nanotechnology based products to accomplish better diabetes control. The nanocarriers pertaining hypoglycaemics provide improved diabetes management with minimum risk of associated side effects. Dendrimers have caught an incredible attention in the field of drug delivery and personalized medicines. Dendrimers are three-dimensional well-defined homogenous nanosized structures consisting tree-like branches. The present review highlights the different aspects of dendrimers including fabrication, surface engineering, toxicological profile as well as delivery of antidiabetic drugs for the effective cure of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nishika Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav K Saraogi
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Namita Giri
- School of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, Michigan MI4930, MA, United States
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15
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Tang H, Tan X, Zhu L, Qin K, Gao H, Bai H. Swimming prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by reducing migration inhibitory factor through Akt suppression and autophagy activation. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4315-4325. [PMID: 31396337 PMCID: PMC6684928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is an important contributor to obesity and fat accumulation in tissues. Critical complications of obesity include type II diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exercise has been reported to exert ameliorating effects on obesity and NAFLD. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We showed the increase of microRNA-451 (miR-451) and decrease of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in liver, after swim training in high fat diet (HFD) mice. MIF expression was regulated by miR-451. HFD intake caused the increase of body weights in WT and MIF knockout (KO) mice. In addition, HFD-induced liver anomalies were associated with Akt activation and autophagy suppression, which were reversed by MIF KO. In hepatocytes from HFD WT and MIF KO mice, autophagy was inhibited by exogenous rmMIF through Akt activation. Meanwhile, miR-451 antagonized the regulation of MIF on Akt signaling and autophagy. Taken together, these results indicate that MIF was decreased in liver of HFD mice due to physical exercise, and might prevent hepatic steatosis by suppressing Akt signaling and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Huan Gao
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Bai
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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16
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Sun M, Tan Y, Rexiati M, Dong M, Guo W. Obesity is a common soil for premature cardiac aging and heart diseases - Role of autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1898-1904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Yang L, Wang S, Ma J, Li J, Yang J, Bucala R, Ren J. CD74 knockout attenuates alcohol intake-induced cardiac dysfunction through AMPK-Skp2-mediated regulation of autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2368-2378. [PMID: 31167126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CD74, a non-polymorphic type II transmembrane glycoprotein and MHC class II chaperone, is the cell surface receptor for the inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and participates in inflammatory signaling regulation. This study examined the potential role of CD74 in binge drinking-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. WT and CD74 knockout mice were exposed to ethanol (3 g/kg/d, i.p., for 3 days). Echocardiography, cardiomyocyte function, histological staining and autophagy signaling including AMPK, mTOR, and AMPK downstream signals Skp2 and Sirt1 were evaluated. Our results revealed that ethanol challenge overtly compromised echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile, intracellular Ca2+ and ultrastructural properties along with overt apoptosis, inflammation (elevated MIF, IL-1β and IL-6) and mitochondrial O2- production (p < 0.01), the effect of which was reconciled by CD74 ablation (p < 0.01 vs. ethanol group) with the exception of MIF expression. Ethanol challenge upregulated autophagy (p < 0.001), promoted AMPK phosphorylation and Sirt1 levels (p < 0.003) while suppressing mTOR phosphorylation and Skp2 levels (p < 0.02). These effects were reversed by CD74 ablation. In vitro studies demonstrated that short-term ethanol challenge compromised cardiomyocyte contractile function and facilitated GFP-Puncta formation, which were mitigated by CD74 knockout (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the CD74 ablation-offered beneficial effects against ethanol-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction, and GFP-Puncta formation were nullified by the AMPK activator AICAR, the Skp2 inhibitor C1 or the Sirt1 activator SRT1720 (p < 0.0001). Taken together, our data revealed that CD74 ablation counteracts acute ethanol challenge-induced myocardial dysfunction, inflammation and apoptosis possibly through an AMPK-mTOR-Skp2-mediated regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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18
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Tan SY, Mei Wong JL, Sim YJ, Wong SS, Mohamed Elhassan SA, Tan SH, Ling Lim GP, Rong Tay NW, Annan NC, Bhattamisra SK, Candasamy M. Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus: A review on current treatment approach and gene therapy as potential intervention. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:364-372. [PMID: 30641727 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious and lifelong condition commonly characterised by abnormally elevated blood glucose levels due to a failure in insulin production or a decrease in insulin sensitivity and function. Over the years, prevalence of diabetes has increased globally and it is classified as one of the leading cause of high mortality and morbidity rate. Furthermore, diabetes confers a huge economic burden due to its management costs as well as its complications are skyrocketing. The conventional medications in diabetes treatment focusing on insulin secretion and insulin sensitisation cause unwanted side effects to patients and lead to incompliance as well as treatment failure. Besides insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents, other treatments such as gene therapy and induced β-cells regeneration have not been widely introduced to manage diabetes. Therefore, this review aims to deliver an overview of the current conventional medications in diabetes, discovery of newer pharmacological drugs and gene therapy as a potential intervention of diabetes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Joyce Ling Mei Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yan Jinn Sim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Su Sie Wong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Safa Abdelgadir Mohamed Elhassan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sean Hong Tan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Grace Pei Ling Lim
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nicole Wuen Rong Tay
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Naveenya Chetty Annan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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20
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Che Y, Wang ZP, Yuan Y, Zhang N, Jin YG, Wan CX, Tang QZ. Role of autophagy in a model of obesity: A long‑term high fat diet induces cardiac dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3251-3261. [PMID: 30066870 PMCID: PMC6102660 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity may induce end-organ damage through metabolic syndrome, and autophagy serves a vital role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to define the roles of autophagy and mitophagy in high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiomyopathy. Male, 8 week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a HFD (60% kcal) or a diet of normal chow (NC; 10% kcal) for 42 weeks. Glucose tolerance tests were performed during the feeding regimes. Blood samples were collected for assaying serum triglyceride with the glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase phenol and aminophenazone (PAP) method and total cholesterol was tested with the cholesterol oxidase-PAP method. Myocardial function was assessed using echocardiography and hemodynamic analyses. Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy and mitochondrial function. Electron microscopy was used to assess the number of lipid droplets and the degree of autophagy within the myocardium. The body weight and adipose tissue weight of mice fed the HFD were increased compared with the NC mice. The serum levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased following 42 weeks of HFD feeding. The results of the glucose tolerance tests additionally demonstrated metabolic dysregulation in HFD mice. In addition, HFD mice exhibited hemodynamic and echocardiographic evidence of impaired diastolic and systolic function, including alterations in the cardiac output, end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume and left ventricular relaxation time constant (tau) following HFD intake. Furthermore, a HFD resulted in increased ERS, and a downregulation of the autophagy and mitophagy level. The present study investigated cardiac function in obese HFD-fed mice. These results aid the pursuit of novel therapeutic targets to combat obesity-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Che
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ge Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
Obesity poses a severe threat to human health, including the increased prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cancer, inflammation, sleep apnoea and other chronic diseases. Current therapies focus mainly on suppressing caloric intake, but the efficacy of this approach remains poor. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity will be essential for the management of obesity and its complications. Knowledge gained over the past three decades regarding the aetiological mechanisms underpinning obesity has provided a framework that emphasizes energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, which are tightly regulated by autophagy. Accordingly, there is an emerging interest in the role of autophagy, a conserved homeostatic process for cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components, in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organ function by selectively ridding cells of potentially toxic proteins, lipids and organelles. Indeed, defects in autophagy homeostasis are implicated in metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In this Review, the alterations in autophagy that occur in response to nutrient stress, and how these changes alter the course of obesogenesis and obesity-related complications, are discussed. The potential of pharmacological modulation of autophagy for the management of obesity is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
| | - James R Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA.
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22
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Ducheix S, Magré J, Cariou B, Prieur X. Chronic O-GlcNAcylation and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Bitterness of Glucose. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:642. [PMID: 30420836 PMCID: PMC6215811 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Epidemiological data suggest that hyperglycaemia contributes to the development of DC. Several cellular pathways have been implicated in the deleterious effects of high glucose concentrations in the heart: oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), and chronic hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) activation. In the present review, we focus on the effect of chronic activation of the HBP on diabetic heart function. The HBP supplies N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) that is O-linked by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to proteins on serine or threonine residues. This post-translational protein modification modulates the activity of the targeted proteins. In the heart, acute activation of the HBP in response to ischaemia-reperfusion injury appears to be protective. Conversely, chronic activation of the HBP in the diabetic heart affects Ca2+ handling, contractile properties, and mitochondrial function and promotes stress signaling, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Many studies have shown that O-GlcNAc impairs the function of key protein targets involved in these pathways, such as phospholamban, calmodulin kinase II, troponin I, and FOXO1. The data show that excessive O-GlcNAcylation is a major trigger of the glucotoxic events that affect heart function under chronic hyperglycaemia. Supporting this finding, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the HBP in the diabetic heart improves heart function. In addition, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, a glucose lowering agent, has recently been shown to lower cardiac HBP in a lipodystophic T2D mice model and to concomitantly improve the diastolic dysfunction of these mice. Therefore, targeting cardiac-excessive O-GlcNAcylation or specific target proteins represents a potential therapeutic option to treat glucotoxicity in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur
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Abstract
Autophagy is a well-known intracellular degradation process involved in clearing damaged or unnecessary components in cells. Functional autophagy is important for cardiac homeostasis. Given this, it is not surprising that dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in the aging process and in various cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, understanding the functional role of autophagy in the heart under various conditions and whether manipulation of the pathway has therapeutic benefits have been a major focus of many investigations in recent years. Although consensus exists that autophagy is a critical cellular quality control pathway in the heart, its role in disease remains controversial. Whether altered autophagy is protective or detrimental in the heart seems to depend on the context and the disease. Here, we review the latest insights into autophagy in cardiovascular homeostasis and disease and its role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lampert
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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24
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Interleukin-6 deficiency facilitates myocardial dysfunction during high fat diet-induced obesity by promoting lipotoxicity and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3128-3141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Lee TI, Bai KJ, Chen YC, Lee TW, Chung CC, Tsai WC, Tsao SY, Kao YH. Histone deacetylase inhibition of cardiac autophagy in rats on a high‑fat diet with low‑dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:594-601. [PMID: 29115461 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves a role in preserving cellular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs cardiac autophagy and is associated with an accumulation of cytotoxic proteins that may provoke apoptosis and damage cardiomyocytes. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors attenuate cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, and improve cardiomyopathy resulting from DM. However, the effect of HDAC inhibition on autophagy in DM cardiomyopathy has not been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether HDAC inhibition modulates cardiac autophagy and to investigate the potential mechanisms in type 2 DM (T2DM) hearts. Electrocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function and western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression in autophagy, the serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR (mTOR) signaling pathway, poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), insulin signaling, advanced glycosylation end product‑specific receptor (RAGE), and proinflammatory cytokines in control rats and in rats treated with a high‑fat diet (60% fat) and low‑dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) in order to induce T2DM, with or without an HDAC inhibitor (MPT0E014; 50 mg/kg/rat daily for 7 days). Compared with the control rats, T2DM and T2DM rats treated with MPT0E014 exhibited elevated blood glucose levels and similar body weights. However, T2DM rats treated with MPT0E014 and control rats had a smaller left ventricular end‑diastolic diameter compared with the T2DM rats. The control and T2DM rats treated with MPT0E014 had greater protein expression of cardiac phosphorylated (p)‑5' adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase α 2, light chain 3‑II, Beclin‑1, glucose transporter 4, p‑protein kinase B, and insulin receptor substrate‑1 (Ser 307) compared with T2DM rats. In addition, control and T2DM rats treated with MPT0E014 had decreased cardiac protein expression of cleaved PARP1, p‑mTOR‑S2448, p‑P70S6K‑Thr‑389, RAGE, tumor necrosis factor‑α, and interleukin‑6 compared with T2DM rats. The present study demonstrated that MPT0E014 may improve cardiac function in T2DM rats by modulating myocardial autophagy, inflammation and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-I Lee
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Jen Bai
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chih Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Tzu‑Chi General Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu‑Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shin-Yi Tsao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 22174, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wang Y, Liang B, Lau WB, Du Y, Guo R, Yan Z, Gan L, Yan W, Zhao J, Gao E, Koch W, Ma XL. Restoring diabetes-induced autophagic flux arrest in ischemic/reperfused heart by ADIPOR (adiponectin receptor) activation involves both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent signaling. Autophagy 2017; 13:1855-1869. [PMID: 28825851 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1358848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI-R) injury. However, whether and how diabetes may alter autophagy in response to MI-R remains unknown. Deficiency of ADIPOQ, a cardioprotective molecule, markedly increases MI-R injury. However, the role of diabetic hypoadiponectinemia in cardiac autophagy alteration after MI-R is unclear. Utilizing normal control (NC), high-fat-diet-induced diabetes, and Adipoq knockout (adipoq-/-) mice, we demonstrated that autophagosome formation was modestly inhibited and autophagosome clearance was markedly impaired in the diabetic heart subjected to MI-R. adipoq-/- largely reproduced the phenotypic alterations observed in the ischemic-reperfused diabetic heart. Treatment of diabetic and adipoq-/- mice with AdipoRon, a novel ADIPOR (adiponectin receptor) agonist, stimulated autophagosome formation, markedly increased autophagosome clearance, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function (P < 0.01 vs vehicle). Mechanistically, AdipoRon caused significant phosphorylation of AMPK-BECN1 (Ser93/Thr119)-class III PtdIns3K (Ser164) and enhanced lysosome protein LAMP2 expression both in vivo and in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological AMPK inhibition or genetic Prkaa2 mutation abolished AdipoRon-induced BECN1 (Ser93/Thr119)-PtdIns3K (Ser164) phosphorylation and AdipoRon-stimulated autophagosome formation. However, AdipoRon-induced LAMP2 expression, AdipoRon-stimulated autophagosome clearance, and AdipoRon-suppressed superoxide generation were not affected by AMPK inhibition. Treatment with MnTMPyP (a superoxide scavenger) increased LAMP2 expression and stimulated autophagosome clearance in simulated ischemic-reperfused cardiomyocytes. However, no additive effect between AdipoRon and MnTMPyP was observed. Collectively, these results demonstrate that hypoadiponectinemia impairs autophagic flux, contributing to enhanced MI-R injury in the diabetic state. ADIPOR activation restores AMPK-mediated autophagosome formation and antioxidant-mediated autophagosome clearance, representing a novel intervention effective against MI-R injury in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Bin Liang
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Yunhui Du
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Rui Guo
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Zheyi Yan
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Lu Gan
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Wenjun Yan
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jianli Zhao
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- c Center for Translational Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Walter Koch
- c Center for Translational Medicine , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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27
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Delbridge LMD, Mellor KM, Taylor DJ, Gottlieb RA. Myocardial stress and autophagy: mechanisms and potential therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:412-425. [PMID: 28361977 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous cellular catabolic process responsive to energy stress. Research over the past decade has revealed that cardiomyocyte autophagy is a prominent homeostatic pathway, important in adaptation to altered myocardial metabolic demand. The cellular machinery of autophagy involves targeted direction of macromolecules and organelles for lysosomal degradation. Activation of autophagy has been identified as cardioprotective in some settings (that is, ischaemia and ischaemic preconditioning). In other situations, sustained autophagy has been linked with cardiopathology (for example, sustained pressure overload and heart failure). Perturbation of autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy has also been observed and is associated with both adaptive and maladaptive responses to stress. Emerging research findings indicate that various forms of selective autophagy operate in parallel to manage various types of catabolic cellular cargo including mitochondria, large proteins, glycogen, and stored lipids. In this Review, induction of autophagy associated with cardiac benefit or detriment is considered. The various static and dynamic approaches used to measure autophagy are critiqued, and current inconsistencies in the understanding of autophagy regulation in the heart are highlighted. The prospects for pharmacological intervention to achieve therapeutic manipulation of autophagic processes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M D Delbridge
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, Medical &Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - David J Taylor
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Hospital, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Hospital, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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28
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Wang F, Jia J, Rodrigues B. Autophagy, Metabolic Disease, and Pathogenesis of Heart Dysfunction. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:850-859. [PMID: 28389131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal physiology, autophagy is recognized as a protective housekeeping mechanism that enables elimination of unhealthy organelles, protein aggregates, and invading pathogens, as well as recycling cell components and producing new building blocks and energy for cellular renovation and homeostasis. However, overactive or depressed autophagy is often associated with the pathogenesis of multiple disorders, including cardiac disease. During metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, dysregulation of autophagy frequently leads to cell death, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac dysfunction. In this article, we summarize the current understanding of autophagy-its classification, progression, and regulation; its roles in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions; and the balance between autophagy and apoptosis. We also explore how dysregulation of autophagy leads to cell death in models of metabolic disease and its contributing factors-including nutrient state, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin inefficiency, and oxidative stress-and outline some recent efforts to restore normal autophagy in pathophysiological states. This information could provide potential targets for the prevention of, or intervention in, cardiac failure in metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Wang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Jia
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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29
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mTOR-Independent autophagy inducer trehalose rescues against insulin resistance-induced myocardial contractile anomalies: Role of p38 MAPK and Foxo1. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:357-373. [PMID: 27363949 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases although the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Akt2, a critical member of the Akt family, plays an essential role in insulin signaling. This study was designed to examine the effect of trehalose, an mTOR-independent autophagy inducer, on myocardial function in an Akt2 knockout-induced insulin resistance model. Adult WT and Akt2 knockout (Akt2(-/-)) mice were administered trehalose (1mg/g/day, i.p.) for two days and were then given 2% trehalose in drinking water for two more months. Echocardiographic and myocardial mechanics, intracellular Ca(2+) properties, glucose tolerance, and autophagy were assessed. Apoptosis and ER stress were evaluated using TUNEL staining, Caspase 3 assay and Western blot. Autophagy and autophagy flux were examined with a focus on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), Forkhead box O (Foxo1) and Akt. Akt2 ablation impaired glucose tolerance, myocardial geometry and function accompanied with pronounced apoptosis, ER stress and dampened autophagy, the effects of which were ameliorated by trehalose treatment. Inhibition of lysosomal activity using bafilomycin A1 negated trehalose-induced induction of autophagy (LC3B-II and p62). Moreover, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Foxo1 were upregulated in Akt2(-/-) mice, the effect of which was attenuated by trehalose. Phosphorylation of Akt was suppressed in Akt2(-/-) mice and was unaffected by trehalose. In vitro findings revealed that the p38 MAPK activator anisomycin and the Foxo1 inhibitor (through phosphorylation) AS1842856 effectively masked trehalose-offered beneficial cardiomyocyte contractile response against Akt2 ablation. These data suggest that trehalose may rescue against insulin resistance-induced myocardial contractile defect and apoptosis, via autophagy associated with dephosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Foxo1 without affecting phosphorylation of Akt.
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30
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Lee JPW, Foote A, Fan H, Peral de Castro C, Lang T, Jones SA, Gavrilescu N, Mills KHG, Leech M, Morand EF, Harris J. Loss of autophagy enhances MIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor release by macrophages. Autophagy 2016; 12:907-16. [PMID: 27163877 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1164358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor [glycosylation-inhibiting factor]) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in multiple cells types, including macrophages. MIF plays a pathogenic role in a number of inflammatory diseases and has been linked to tumor progression in some cancers. Previous work has demonstrated that loss of autophagy in macrophages enhances secretion of IL1 family cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that loss of autophagy, by pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of Atg5, enhances MIF secretion by monocytes and macrophages. We further demonstrate that this is dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Induction of autophagy with MTOR inhibitors had no effect on MIF secretion, but amino acid starvation increased secretion. This was unaffected by Atg5 siRNA but was again dependent on mitochondrial ROS. Our data demonstrate that autophagic regulation of mitochondrial ROS plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, with potential implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta P W Lee
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Andrew Foote
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Huapeng Fan
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Celia Peral de Castro
- b Immune Regulation Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Tali Lang
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sarah A Jones
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Nichita Gavrilescu
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- b Immune Regulation Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Michelle Leech
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - James Harris
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Deficiency Exacerbates Aging-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction Despite Improved Inflammation: Role of Autophagy Regulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22488. [PMID: 26940544 PMCID: PMC4778027 DOI: 10.1038/srep22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to unfavorable geometric and functional sequelae in the heart. The proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis under stress conditions although its impact in cardiac aging remains elusive. This study was designed to evaluate the role of MIF in aging-induced cardiac anomalies and the underlying mechanism involved. Cardiac geometry, contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties were examined in young (3–4 mo) or old (24 mo) wild type and MIF knockout (MIF−/−) mice. Our data revealed that MIF knockout exacerbated aging-induced unfavorable structural and functional changes in the heart. The detrimental effect of MIF knockout was associated with accentuated loss in cardiac autophagy with aging. Aging promoted cardiac inflammation, the effect was attenuated by MIF knockout. Intriguingly, aging-induced unfavorable responses were reversed by treatment with the autophagy inducer rapamycin, with improved myocardial ATP availability in aged WT and MIF−/− mice. Using an in vitro model of senescence, MIF knockdown exacerbated doxorubicin-induced premature senescence in H9C2 myoblasts, the effect was ablated by MIF replenishment. Our data indicated that MIF knockout exacerbates aging-induced cardiac remodeling and functional anomalies despite improved inflammation, probably through attenuating loss of autophagy and ATP availability in the heart.
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32
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Blocking Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Protects against Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149677. [PMID: 26930600 PMCID: PMC4773172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation critically contributes to the development of various metabolic diseases. However, the effects of inhibiting inflammatory signaling on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, as well as the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In the current study, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. HFD-fed mice were respectively treated with p65 siRNA, non-silence control siRNA or vehicle every 4th day for the last 4 weeks. Vehicle-treated (HF) and non-silence siRNA-treated (HFNS) mice displayed overt inflammation, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance compared with chow-diet-fed (NC) mice. Upon treatment with NF-κB p65 siRNA, HFD-fed (HFPS) mice were protected from hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Furthermore, Atg7 and Beclin1 expressions and p-AMPK were increased while p-mTOR was decreased in livers of HFPS mice in relative to HF and HFNS mice. These results suggest a crosslink between NF-κB signaling pathway and liver AMPK/mTOR/autophagy axis in the context of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
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33
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Cao L, Qin X, Peterson MR, Haller SE, Wilson KA, Hu N, Lin X, Nair S, Ren J, He G. CARD9 knockout ameliorates myocardial dysfunction associated with high fat diet-induced obesity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:185-95. [PMID: 26900039 PMCID: PMC4904726 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation which plays a critical role in the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Because the adaptor protein caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) in macrophages regulates innate immune responses via activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we hypothesize that CARD9 mediates the pro-inflammatory signaling associated with obesity en route to myocardial dysfunction. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CARD9(-/-) mice were fed normal diet (ND, 12% fat) or a high fat diet (HFD, 45% fat) for 5months. At the end of 5-month HFD feeding, cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography. Cardiomyocytes were isolated and contractile properties were measured. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect macrophage infiltration in the heart. Heart tissue homogenates, plasma, and supernatants from isolated macrophages were collected to measure the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines using ELISA kits. Western immunoblotting analyses were performed on heart tissue homogenates and isolated macrophages to explore the underlying signaling mechanism(s). CARD9 knockout alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, prevented myocardial dysfunction with preserved cardiac fractional shortening and cardiomyocyte contractile properties. CARD9 knockout also significantly decreased the number of infiltrated macrophages in the heart with reduced myocardium-, plasma-, and macrophage-derived cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. Finally, CARD9 knockout abrogated the increase of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, the decrease of LC3BII/LC3BI ratio and the up-regulation of p62 expression in the heart induced by HFD feeding and restored cardiac autophagy signaling. In conclusion, CARD9 knockout ameliorates myocardial dysfunction associated with HFD-induced obesity, potentially through reduction of macrophage infiltration, suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and preservation of autophagy in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Xing Qin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Matthew R Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Samantha E Haller
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Kayla A Wilson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Guanglong He
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Liang Y, Yuan W, Zhu W, Zhu J, Lin Q, Zou X, Deng C, Fu Y, Zheng X, Yang M, Wu S, Yu X, Shan Z. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter through MEF2 and Zac1 in cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2015; 64:1682-93. [PMID: 26455966 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence shows that both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and GLUT4 glucose transporter are involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but it remains largely unknown whether and how MIF regulates GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. The present study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying the modulation of GLUT4 by MIF in cardiomyocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Activations of AKT and AMPK signaling, and expressions of MIF, GLUT4 and the candidate GLUT4 regulation associated transcription factors in the diabetic mouse myocardium were determined. The screened transcription factors mediating MIF-promoted GLUT4 expression were verified by RNA interference (RNAi) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. RESULTS MIF was increased, but GLUT4 was decreased in the diabetic mouse myocardium. MIF could enhance glucose uptake and up-regulate GLUT4 expression in NMVCs. Expressions of transcription factor MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 were significantly up-regulated in MIF-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs), and markedly reduced in the diabetic myocardium. Knockdown of MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 could significantly inhibit glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, EMSA results revealed that transcriptional activities of MEF2 and Zac1 were significantly increased in MIF-treated NMVCs. AMPK signaling was activated in MIF-stimulated NMVCs, and AMPK activator AICAR could enhance MEF2A, -2C, -2D, Zac1 and GLUT4 expression. Additionally, MIF effects were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor compound C and siRNA targeting MIF receptor CD74, suggesting the involvement of CD74-dependent AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS Transcription factor MEF2 and Zac1 mediate MIF-induced GLUT4 expression through CD74-dependent AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyou Liang
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wensi Zhu
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiening Zhu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiuxiong Lin
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongheng Fu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xilong Zheng
- The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AB, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shulin Wu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Sciarretta S, Boppana VS, Umapathi M, Frati G, Sadoshima J. Boosting autophagy in the diabetic heart: a translational perspective. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2015; 5:394-402. [PMID: 26543826 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia are main risk factors that promote the development of cardiovascular diseases. These metabolic abnormalities are frequently found to be associated together in a highly morbid clinical condition called metabolic syndrome. Metabolic derangements promote endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This evidence strongly encourages the elucidation of the mechanisms through which obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome induce cellular abnormalities and dysfunction in order to discover new therapeutic targets and strategies for their prevention and treatment. Numerous studies employing both dietary and genetic animal models of obesity and diabetes have demonstrated that autophagy, an intracellular system for protein degradation, is impaired in the heart under these conditions. This suggests that autophagy reactivation may represent a future potential therapeutic intervention to reduce cardiac maladaptive alterations in patients with metabolic derangements. In fact, autophagy is a critical mechanism to preserve cellular homeostasis and survival. In addition, the physiological activation of autophagy protects the heart during stress, such as acute ischemia, starvation, chronic myocardial infarction, pressure overload, and proteotoxic stress. All these aspects will be discussed in our review article together with the potential ways to reactivate autophagy in the context of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA ; 2 IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina 04100, Italy
| | - V Subbarao Boppana
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA ; 2 IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Mahaa Umapathi
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA ; 2 IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA ; 2 IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina 04100, Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- 1 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA ; 2 IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy ; 3 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome "Sapienza", Latina 04100, Italy
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Sauler M, Bucala R, Lee PJ. Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in age-related lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1-10. [PMID: 25957294 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00339.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of many common respiratory disorders, including pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer, increases with age. Little is known of the host factors that may predispose individuals to such diseases. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent upstream regulator of the immune system. MIF is encoded by variant alleles that occur commonly in the population. In addition to its role as a proinflammatory cytokine, a growing body of literature demonstrates that MIF influences diverse molecular processes important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and may influence the incidence or clinical manifestations of a variety of chronic lung diseases. This review highlights the biological properties of MIF and its implication in age-related lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Richard Bucala
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patty J Lee
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
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Delbridge LMD, Mellor KM, Taylor DJR, Gottlieb RA. Myocardial autophagic energy stress responses--macroautophagy, mitophagy, and glycophagy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1194-204. [PMID: 25747748 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00002.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of the role of autophagic processes in the management of cardiac metabolic stress responses is advancing rapidly and progressing beyond a conceptualization of the autophagosome as a simple cell recycling depot. The importance of autophagy dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy and in ischemic heart disease - both conditions comprising the majority of cardiac disease burden - has now become apparent. New findings have revealed that specific autophagic processes may operate in the cardiomyocyte, specialized for selective recognition and management of mitochondria and glycogen particles in addition to protein macromolecular structures. Thus mitophagy, glycophagy, and macroautophagy regulatory pathways have become the focus of intensive experimental effort, and delineating the signaling pathways involved in these processes offers potential for targeted therapeutic intervention. Chronically elevated macroautophagic activity in the diabetic myocardium is generally observed in association with structural and functional cardiomyopathy; yet there are also numerous reports of detrimental effect of autophagy suppression in diabetes. Autophagy induction has been identified as a key component of protective mechanisms that can be recruited to support the ischemic heart, but in this setting benefit may be mitigated by adverse downstream autophagic consequences. Recent report of glycophagy upregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy opens up a novel area of investigation. Similarly, a role for glycogen management in ischemia protection through glycophagy initiation is an exciting prospect under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - David J R Taylor
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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