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Jasper E, Hellwege J, Greene C, Edwards TL, Edwards DV. Genomic Insights into Gestational Weight Gain: Uncovering Tissue-Specific Mechanisms and Pathways. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4427250. [PMID: 38854080 PMCID: PMC11160900 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4427250/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Increasing gestational weight gain (GWG) is linked to adverse outcomes in pregnant persons and their children. The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium identified previously genetic variants that could contribute to early, late, and total GWG from fetal and maternal genomes. However, the biologic mechanisms and tissue-Specificity of these variants in GWG is unknown. We evaluated the association between genetically predicted gene expression in five relevant maternal (subcutaneous and visceral adipose, breast, uterus, and whole blood) from GTEx (v7) and fetal (placenta) tissues and early, late, and total GWG using S-PrediXcan. We tested enrichment of pre-defined biological pathways for nominally (P < 0.05) significant associations using the GENE2FUNC module from Functional Mapping and Annotation of Genome-Wide Association Studies. After multiple testing correction, we did not find significant associations between maternal and fetal gene expression and early, late, or total GWG. There was significant enrichment of several biological pathways, including metabolic processes, secretion, and intracellular transport, among nominally significant genes from the maternal analyses (false discovery rate p-values: 0.016 to 9.37×10). Enriched biological pathways varied across pregnancy. Though additional research is necessary, these results indicate that diverse biological pathways are likely to impact GWG, with their influence varying by tissue and weeks of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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2
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Tian Y, Ma G, Zi J, Hu Y, Zeng Y, Li H, Luo H, Shan S, Xiong J, Cheng G. Sex- and time-specific associations of obesity with glycaemic traits: A two-step multivariate Mendelian randomization study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1443-1453. [PMID: 38240050 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the sex- and time-specific causal effects of obesity-related anthropometric traits on glycaemic traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization to assess the causal associations of anthropometric traits (gestational variables, birth weight, childhood body mass index [BMI], BMI, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], BMI-adjusted WHR [WHRadj BMI]) with fasting glucose and insulin in Europeans from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium (n ≤ 298 142), the UK Biobank, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits Consortium (n ≤ 697 734; females: n ≤ 434 794; males: n ≤ 374 754) and the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (n ≤ 151 188; females: n ≤ 73 089; males: n ≤ 67 506), adjusting for maternal genetic effects, smoking, alcohol consumption, and age at menarche. RESULTS We observed a null association for gestational variables, a negative association for birth weight, and positive associations for childhood BMI and adult traits (BMI, WHR, and WHRadj BMI). In female participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting insulin (betaIVW , -0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.11 to -0.03; p = 1.92 × 10-3 ), but not glucose levels, which was annulled by adjusting for age at menarche. In male participants, increased birth weight causally decreased fasting glucose (betainverse-variance-weighted (IVW) , -0.07, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.03; p = 3.22 × 10-4 ), but not insulin levels. In time-specific analyses, independent effects of birth weight were absent in female participants, and were more pronounced in male participants. Independent effects of childhood BMI were attenuated in both sexes; independent effects of adult traits differed by sex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for causal and independent effects of sex- and time-specific anthropometric traits on glycaemic variables, and highlight the importance of considering multiple obesity exposures at different time points in the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guochen Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxian Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoqi Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Opsahl JO, Fragoso-Bargas N, Lee Y, Carlsen EØ, Lekanova N, Qvigstad E, Sletner L, Jenum AK, Lee-Ødegård S, Prasad RB, Birkeland KI, Moen GH, Sommer C. Epigenome-wide association study of DNA methylation in maternal blood leukocytes with BMI in pregnancy and gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:584-593. [PMID: 38219005 PMCID: PMC10978488 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to discover CpG sites with differential DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes associated with body mass index (BMI) in pregnancy and gestational weight gain (GWG) in women of European and South Asian ancestry. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate how the identified sites were associated with methylation quantitative trait loci, gene ontology, and cardiometabolic parameters. METHODS In the Epigenetics in pregnancy (EPIPREG) sample we quantified maternal DNA methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes in gestational week 28 with Illumina's MethylationEPIC BeadChip. In women with European (n = 303) and South Asian (n = 164) ancestry, we performed an epigenome-wide association study of BMI in gestational week 28 and GWG between gestational weeks 15 and 28 using a meta-analysis approach. Replication was performed in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study, the Study of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (MoBa-START) (n = 877, mainly European/Norwegian). RESULTS We identified one CpG site significantly associated with GWG (p 5.8 × 10-8) and five CpG sites associated with BMI at gestational week 28 (p from 4.0 × 10-8 to 2.1 × 10-10). Of these, we were able to replicate three in MoBa-START; cg02786370, cg19758958 and cg10472537. Two sites are located in genes previously associated with blood pressure and BMI. DNA methylation at the three replicated CpG sites were associated with levels of blood pressure, lipids and glucose in EPIPREG (p from 1.2 × 10-8 to 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We identified five CpG sites associated with BMI at gestational week 28, and one with GWG. Three of the sites were replicated in an independent cohort. Several genetic variants were associated with DNA methylation at cg02786379 and cg16733643 suggesting a genetic component influencing differential methylation. The identified CpG sites were associated with cardiometabolic traits. CLINICALTRIALS GOV REGISTRATION NO Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Opsahl
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Fragoso-Bargas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Y Lee
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Ø Carlsen
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Lekanova
- Department of Biosciences, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Qvigstad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Sletner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - A K Jenum
- General Practice Research Unit, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Lee-Ødegård
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R B Prasad
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K I Birkeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - G-H Moen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Zuk E, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Kurzawińska G, Wolski H, Drews K, Chmurzynska A. Genetic risk score for gestational weight gain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 294:20-27. [PMID: 38184896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) involves health consequences for both mother and offspring. Genetic factors seem to play a role in the GWG trait. For small effect sizes of a single genetic polymorphism (SNP), a genetic risk score (GRS) summarizing risk-associated variation from multiple SNPs can serve as an effective approach to genetic association analysis. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between genetic risk score (GRS) and gestational weight gain (GWG). GWG was calculated for a total of 342 healthy Polish women of Caucasian origin, aged 19 to 45 years. The SNPs rs9939609 (FTO), rs6548238 (TMEM18), rs17782313 (MC4R), rs10938397 (GNPDA2), rs10913469 (SEC16B), rs1137101 (LEPR), rs7799039 (LEP), and rs5443 (GNB3) were genotyped using commercial TaqMan SNP assays. A simple genetic risk score was calculated into two ways: GRS1 based on the sum of risk alleles from each of the SNPs, while GRS2 based on the sum of risk alleles of FTO, LEPR, LEP, and GNB3. Positive association between GRS2 and GWG (β = 0.12, p = 0.029) was observed. Genetic risk variants of TMEM18 (p = 0.006, OR = 2.6) and GNB3 (p < 0.001, OR = 3.3) are more frequent in women with increased GWG, but a risk variant of GNPDA2 (p < 0.001, OR = 2.7) is more frequent in women with adequate GWG, and a risk variant of LEPR (p = 0.011, OR = 3.1) in women with decreased GWG. GRS2 and genetic variants of TMEM18, GNB3, GNPDA2, and LEPR are associated with weight gain during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zuk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kurzawińska
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, Kokoszków 71, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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Huang S, Liu S, Huang M, He JR, Wang C, Wang T, Feng X, Kuang Y, Lu J, Gu Y, Xia X, Lin S, Zhou W, Fu Q, Xia H, Qiu X. The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study enables generational genetic discoveries. Nature 2024; 626:565-573. [PMID: 38297123 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Genomic research that targets large-scale, prospective birth cohorts constitutes an essential strategy for understanding the influence of genetics and environment on human health1. Nonetheless, such studies remain scarce, particularly in Asia. Here we present the phase I genome study of the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study2 (BIGCS), which encompasses the sequencing and analysis of 4,053 Chinese individuals, primarily composed of trios or mother-infant duos residing in South China. Our analysis reveals novel genetic variants, a high-quality reference panel, and fine-scale local genetic structure within BIGCS. Notably, we identify previously unreported East Asian-specific genetic associations with maternal total bile acid, gestational weight gain and infant cord blood traits. Additionally, we observe prevalent age-specific genetic effects on lipid levels in mothers and infants. In an exploratory intergenerational Mendelian randomization analysis, we estimate the maternal putatively causal and fetal genetic effects of seven adult phenotypes on seven fetal growth-related measurements. These findings illuminate the genetic links between maternal and early-life traits in an East Asian population and lay the groundwork for future research into the intricate interplay of genetics, intrauterine exposures and early-life experiences in shaping long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujia Huang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxi Huang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Rong He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengrui Wang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yashu Kuang
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Gu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xia
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Women's Health, Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Women's Health, Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Division of Neonatology and Center for Newborn Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Xia
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structure Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Women's Health, Provincial Key Clinical Specialty of Woman and Child Health, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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McAdams TA, Cheesman R, Ahmadzadeh YI. Annual Research Review: Towards a deeper understanding of nature and nurture: combining family-based quasi-experimental methods with genomic data. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:693-707. [PMID: 36379220 PMCID: PMC10952916 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distinguishing between the effects of nature and nurture constitutes a major research goal for those interested in understanding human development. It is known, for example, that many parent traits predict mental health outcomes in children, but the causal processes underlying such associations are often unclear. Family-based quasi-experimental designs such as sibling comparison, adoption and extended family studies have been used for decades to distinguish the genetic transmission of risk from the environmental effects family members potentially have on one another. Recently, these designs have been combined with genomic data, and this combination is fuelling a range of exciting methodological advances. In this review we explore these advances - highlighting the ways in which they have been applied to date and considering what they are likely to teach us in the coming years about the aetiology and intergenerational transmission of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A. McAdams
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Yasmin I. Ahmadzadeh
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Sámano R, Martínez-Rojano H, Ortiz-Hernández L, Nájera-Medina O, Chico-Barba G, Gamboa R, Mendoza-Flores ME. Individual, Family, and Social Factors Associated with Gestational Weight Gain in Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061530. [PMID: 36986260 PMCID: PMC10058126 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
About 56% to 84% of pregnant adolescents have inappropriate (insufficient or excessive) gestational weight gain (GWG); however, the factors associated with GWG in this age group have not been systematically identified. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the association of individual, family, and social factors with inappropriate gestational weight gain in pregnant adolescents. To carry out this review, the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles from recent years. The evidence was organized according to individual, family, and social factors. The analyzed studies included 1571 adolescents from six retrospective cohorts, 568 from three prospective cohorts, 165 from a case-control study, 395 from a cross-sectional study, and 78,001 from two national representative samples in the USA. At the individual level, in approximately half of the studies, the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) was positively associated with the GWG recommended by the Institute of Medicine of the USA (IOM). The evidence was insufficient for the other factors (maternal age, number of deliveries, and family support) to determine an association. According to the review, we concluded that pBMI was positively associated with the GWG. More quality studies are needed to assess the association between GWG and individual, family, and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Sámano
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Hugo Martínez-Rojano
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Ortiz-Hernández
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Oralia Nájera-Medina
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza-Flores
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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8
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Saha S. Selection bias, a caveat in gestational weight gain research. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2023; 24:80-81. [PMID: 36919707 PMCID: PMC10019014 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2022.2022-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Saha
- Department of Community Medicine, R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India
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刘 思, 白 怀, 关 林, 刘 兴, 范 平, 周 密, 吴 玉, 唐 芳, 王 玉, 李 德. [Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase Gene-204A/C Polymorphism in Normal and Gestational Diabetic Pregnancies]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:361-366. [PMID: 36949699 PMCID: PMC10409167 DOI: 10.12182/20230160512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene ( CYP7A1)-204A/C single nucleotide polymorphism and its relationship with the blood lipid levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal pregnant women. Methods The genotype and allele frequencies of CYP7A1-204A/C gene polymorphism of 1037 normal pregnant women, the normal controls, and 627 pregnant women with GDM were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood glucose (Glu) were measured by enzymatic assay. Chemiluminescence determination of plasma insulin (Ins) was conducted. Apolipoproteins A1 (apoA1) and B (apoB) were measured by the turbidimetric immunoassay. Results Allele frequencies of A and C at the CYP7A1-204A/C polymorphic locus were 0.586 and 0.414, respectively, in the GDM group and 0.557 and 0.443, respectively in the control group. The distribution of genotype frequencies in both groups showed conformity with the Hardy-Weinberg principle. There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between the GDM group and the control group. In the control group, carriers of the genotype AA were associated with significantly higher concentrations of apoA1 and lower levels of Ins and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with those with genotype CC (all P<0.05). In the non-obese subgroup of the control subjects, carriers of the genotype CC were associated with significantly higher plasma TG or apoA1 levels compared with those with genotype AA ( P<0.05). In the GDM group, carriers with genotype AA of CYP7A1-204A/C polymorphism had elevated levels of gestational weight gain (GWG) compared with those with genotype CC ( P<0.05). Conclusion These results suggest that 204A/C polymorphism in the CYP7A1 gene is not associated with GDM, but may be closely associated with gestational weight gain in pregnant women with GDM. Variants in this locus are strongly associated with plasma apoA1, Ins, and HOMA-IR levels in the controls and elevated plasma TG levels in non-obese controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- 思旭 刘
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 怀 白
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 林波 关
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 兴会 刘
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 平 范
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 密 周
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 玉洁 吴
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 芳梅 唐
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 玉峰 王
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 德华 李
- 四川大学华西护理学院 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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10
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Pacyga DC, Patti MA, Papandonatos GD, Haggerty DK, Calafat AM, Gardiner JC, Braun JM, Schantz SL, Strakovsky RS. Associations of individual and cumulative urinary phthalate and replacement biomarkers with gestational weight gain through late pregnancy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158788. [PMID: 36116648 PMCID: PMC10088088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Phthalates and their replacements are endocrine/metabolic disruptors that may impact gestational weight gain (GWG) - a pregnancy health indicator. We investigated overall and fetal sex-specific associations of individual and cumulative phthalate/replacement biomarkers with GWG. METHODS Illinois women (n = 299) self-reported their weight pre-pregnancy and at their final obstetric appointment before delivery (median 38 weeks). We calculated pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational age-specific GWG z-scores (GWGz). We quantified 19 phthalate/replacement metabolites (representing 10 parent compounds) in pools of up-to-five first-morning urine samples, collected approximately monthly between 8 and 40 weeks gestation. We used linear regression, quantile-based g-computation (QGComp), and weighted quantile sum regression (WQSR) to evaluate associations of ten biomarkers (individual metabolites or parent molar-sums) individually or as mixtures (in interquartile range intervals) with GWGz. We evaluated associations in all women and stratified by fetal sex. RESULTS Individually, sums of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ƩDEHP), di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (ƩDiNCH), and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (ƩDEHTP) had consistent inverse associations with GWGz, and some associations were fetal sex-specific. When evaluating phthalates/replacements as a mixture, QGComp identified ƩDEHP, ƩDEHTP, and mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, along with sum of di(isononyl) phthalate metabolites (ƩDiNP) and monobenzyl phthalate as notable contributors to lower and higher GWGz, respectively, resulting in a marginal inverse joint association in all women (β: -0.29; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.12). In women carrying females, ƩDEHP contributed to the marginal inverse joint association (β: -0.54; 95% CI: -1.09, 0.03). However, there was no overall association in women carrying males (β: 0.00; 95% CI: -0.60, 0.59), which was explained by approximately equal negative (driven by ƩDEHTP) and positive (driven by ƩDiNP) partial associations. WQSR analyses consistently replicated these QGComp findings. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of phthalates/replacements were fetal sex-specifically associated with GWGz. Because ƩDEHTP contributed substantively to mixture associations, additional studies in pregnant women may be needed around this plasticizer replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Pacyga
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marisa A Patti
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Joseph C Gardiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rita S Strakovsky
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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11
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Robertson OC, Marceau K, Moding KJ, Knopik VS. Developmental pathways linking obesity risk and early puberty: The thrifty phenotype and fetal overnutrition hypotheses. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Akinmola OO, Okusanya BO, Olorunfemi G, Okpara HC, Azinge EC. Fetal macrosomia, fetal insulin, and insulin-like growth factor- 1 among neonates in Lagos, Nigeria: A case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266314. [PMID: 36001625 PMCID: PMC9401182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fetal macrosomia is associated with perinatal injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between fetal insulin, insulin-like Growth factor-1(IGF-1), and macrosomia in a resource-limited setting. Method This was a case-control study at tertiary and secondary health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty mother-neonate pairs were recruited, and their socio-demographic and obstetric history was recorded. Fetal cord venous blood was collected at birth, and neonatal anthropometry was measured within 24hrs of life. Insulin and IGF-1 assay were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Pearson’s Chi-square was used to assess the association between categorical variables and macrosomia. Spearman’s rank correlation of insulin, IGF-1, and fetal anthropometry was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of insulin and IGF-1 with fetal birth weight. A statistically significant level was set at P-value < 0.05. Results Macrosomic neonates had mean fetal weight, fetal length, and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) of 4.15±0.26kg, 50.85±2.09cm and 36.35± 1.22cm respectively. The median Insulin (P = 0.023) and IGF-1 (P < 0.0001) were significantly higher among macrosomic neonates as compared to normal weight babies. Maternal BMI at birth (p = 0.003), neonate’s gender (p < 0.001), fetal cord serum IGF-1 (p < 0.001) and insulin assay (P-value = 0.027) were significant predictors of fetal macrosomia. There was positive correlation between cord blood IGF-1 and birth weight (r = 0.47, P-value < 0.001), fetal length (r = 0.30, P-value = 0.0002) and OFC (r = 0.37, P-value < 0.001). Conclusion Among participating mother-neonate dyad, maternal BMI at birth, neonate’s gender, and fetal cord serum IGF-1 and serum insulin are significantly associated with fetal macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O. Akinmola
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babasola O. Okusanya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Gbenga Olorunfemi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Henry C. Okpara
- Department of Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Elaine C. Azinge
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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13
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Fuentes-Paez G, Escaramís G, Aguilar-Lacasaña S, Andrusaityte S, Brantsæter AL, Casas M, Charles MA, Chatzi L, Lepeule J, Grazuleviciene R, Gützkow KB, Heude B, Maitre L, Ruiz-Arenas C, Sunyer J, Urquiza J, Yang TC, Wright J, Vrijheid M, Vilor-Tejedor N, Bustamante M. Study of the Combined Effect of Maternal Tobacco Smoking and Polygenic Risk Scores on Birth Weight and Body Mass Index in Childhood. Front Genet 2022; 13:867611. [PMID: 35646076 PMCID: PMC9133473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.867611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has adverse health effects on the offspring, including lower birth weight and increased risk for obesity. These outcomes are also influenced by common genetic polymorphisms. We aimed to investigate the combined effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and genetic predisposition on birth weight and body mass index (BMI)-related traits in 1,086 children of the Human Early Life Exposome (HELIX) project.Methods: Maternal smoking during pregnancy was self-reported. Phenotypic traits were assessed at birth or at the age of 8 years. Ten polygenic risk scores (PRSs) per trait were calculated using the PRSice v2 program. For birth weight, we estimated two sets of PRSs based on two different base GWAS summary statistics: PRS-EGG, which includes HELIX children, and PRS-PanUK, which is completely independent. The best PRS per trait (highest R2) was selected for downstream analyses, and it was treated in continuous or categorized into three groups. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to evaluate the association of the explanatory variables with the traits of interest. The combined effect was evaluated by including an interaction term in the regression models and then running models stratified by the PRS group.Results: BMI-related traits were correlated among them but not with birth weight. A similar pattern was observed for their PRSs. On average, the PRSs explained ∼4% of the phenotypic variation, with higher PRS values related to higher trait values (p-value <5.55E-08). Sustained maternal smoking was associated with lower birth weight and higher BMI and related traits (p-value <2.99E-02). We identified a gene by environment (GxE) interaction for birth weight between sustained maternal smoking and the PRS-EGG in three groups (p-value interaction = 0.01), which was not replicated with the PRS-PanUK (p-value interaction = 0.341). Finally, we did not find any statistically significant GxE interaction for BMI-related traits (p-value interaction >0.237).Conclusion: Sustained maternal smoking and the PRSs were independently associated with birth weight and childhood BMI-related traits. There was low evidence of GxE interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Fuentes-Paez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geòrgia Escaramís
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofía Aguilar-Lacasaña
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maribel Casas
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Inserm, CNRS, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Development and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Kristine B. Gützkow
- Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris Cité, Inserm, INRAE, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Léa Maitre
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Arenas
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Mar D'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiffany C. Yang
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Vilor-Tejedor
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Childhood and Environment, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mariona Bustamante,
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FTO and ADRB2 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Risk Factors for Earlier Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized Nutrigenetic Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051050. [PMID: 35268025 PMCID: PMC8912276 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. We investigated obesity-related polymorphisms in the FTO gene (rs9939609, rs17817449) and ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714) as candidate risk factors concerning excessive GWG in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes. This nutrigenetic trial, conducted in Brazil, randomly assigned 70 pregnant women to one of the groups: traditional diet (n = 41) or DASH diet (n = 29). Excessive GWG was the total weight gain above the upper limit of the recommendation, according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. Time-to-event analysis was performed to investigate risk factors for progression to excessive GWG. Regardless the type of diet, AT carriers of rs9939609 (FTO) and AA carriers of rs1042713 (ADRB2) had higher risk of earlier exceeding GWG compared to TT (aHR 2.44; CI 95% 1.03–5.78; p = 0.04) and GG (aHR 3.91; CI 95% 1.12–13.70; p = 0.03) genotypes, respectively, as the AG carriers for FTO haplotype rs9939609:rs17817449 compared to TT carriers (aHR 1.79; CI 95% 1.04–3.06; p = 0.02).
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Alabduljabbar S, Zaidan SA, Lakshmanan AP, Terranegra A. Personalized Nutrition Approach in Pregnancy and Early Life to Tackle Childhood and Adult Non-Communicable Diseases. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060467. [PMID: 34073649 PMCID: PMC8224671 DOI: 10.3390/life11060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of childhood and adult non-communicable diseases (NCD) is associated with environmental factors, starting from intrauterine life. A new theory finds the roots of epigenetic programming in parental gametogenesis, continuing during embryo development, fetal life, and finally in post-natal life. Maternal health status and poor nutrition are widely recognized as implications in the onset of childhood and adult diseases. Early nutrition, particularly breastfeeding, also plays a primary role in affecting the health status of an individual later in life. A poor maternal diet during pregnancy and lack of breastfeeding can cause a nutrient deficiency that affects the gut microbiota, and acts as a cofactor for many pathways, impacting the epigenetic controls and transcription of genes involved in the metabolism, angiogenesis, and other pathways, leading to NCDs in adult life. Both maternal and fetal genetic backgrounds also affect nutrient adsorption and functioning at the cellular level. This review discusses the most recent evidence on maternal nutrition and breastfeeding in the development of NCD, the potentiality of the omics technologies in uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying it, with the future prospective of applying a personalized nutrition approach to prevent and treat NCD from the beginning of fetal life.
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Evans DM, Medland SE, Prom-Wormley E. Introduction to the Special Issue on Statistical Genetic Methods for Human Complex Traits. Behav Genet 2021; 51:165-169. [PMID: 33864530 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Prom-Wormley
- The Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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Ludwig-Słomczyńska AH, Seweryn MT, Kapusta P, Pitera E, Mantaj U, Cyganek K, Gutaj P, Dobrucka Ł, Wender-Ożegowska E, Małecki MT, Wołkow PP. The transcriptome-wide association search for genes and genetic variants which associate with BMI and gestational weight gain in women with type 1 diabetes. Mol Med 2021; 27:6. [PMID: 33472578 PMCID: PMC7818927 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data suggest that BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) are strongly interconnected phenotypes; however, the genetic basis of the latter is rather unclear. Here we aim to find genes and genetic variants which influence BMI and/or GWG. METHODS We have genotyped 316 type 1 diabetics using Illumina Infinium Omni Express Exome-8 v1.4 arrays. The GIANT, ARIC and T2D-GENES summary statistics were used for TWAS (performed with PrediXcan) in adipose tissue. Next, the analysis of association of imputed expression with BMI in the general and diabetic cohorts (Analysis 1 and 2) or GWG (Analysis 3 and 4) was performed, followed by variant association analysis (1 Mb around identified loci) with the mentioned phenotypes. RESULTS In Analysis 1 we have found 175 BMI associated genes and 19 variants (p < 10-4) which influenced GWG, with the strongest association for rs11465293 in CCL24 (p = 3.18E-06). Analysis 2, with diabetes included in the model, led to discovery of 1812 BMI associated loci and 207 variants (p < 10-4) influencing GWG, with the strongest association for rs9690213 in PODXL (p = 9.86E-07). In Analysis 3, among 648 GWG associated loci, 2091 variants were associated with BMI (FDR < 0.05). In Analysis 4, 7 variants in GWG associated loci influenced BMI in the ARIC cohort. CONCLUSIONS Here, we have shown that loci influencing BMI might have an impact on GWG and GWG associated loci might influence BMI, both in the general and T1DM cohorts. The results suggest that both phenotypes are related to insulin signaling, glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, ubiquitinoylation and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał T Seweryn
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Przemysław Kapusta
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pitera
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Mantaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cyganek
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łucja Dobrucka
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ożegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej T Małecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł P Wołkow
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Cheesman R, Eilertsen EM, Ahmadzadeh YI, Gjerde LC, Hannigan LJ, Havdahl A, Young AI, Eley TC, Njølstad PR, Magnus P, Andreassen OA, Ystrom E, McAdams TA. How important are parents in the development of child anxiety and depression? A genomic analysis of parent-offspring trios in the Norwegian Mother Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). BMC Med 2020; 18:284. [PMID: 33106172 PMCID: PMC7590735 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies detect associations between parent behaviour and child symptoms of anxiety and depression. Despite knowledge that anxiety and depression are influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors, most studies do not account for shared familial genetic risk. Quantitative genetic designs provide a means of controlling for shared genetics, but rely on observed putative exposure variables, and require data from highly specific family structures. METHODS The intergenerational genomic method, Relatedness Disequilibrium Regression (RDR), indexes environmental effects of parents on child traits using measured genotypes. RDR estimates how much the parent genome influences the child indirectly via the environment, over and above effects of genetic factors acting directly in the child. This 'genetic nurture' effect is agnostic to parent phenotype and captures unmeasured heritable parent behaviours. We applied RDR in a sample of 11,598 parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) to estimate parental genetic nurture separately from direct child genetic effects on anxiety and depression symptoms at age 8. We tested for mediation of genetic nurture via maternal anxiety and depression symptoms. Results were compared to a complementary non-genomic pedigree model. RESULTS Parental genetic nurture explained 14% of the variance in depression symptoms at age 8. Subsequent analyses suggested that maternal anxiety and depression partially mediated this effect. The genetic nurture effect was mirrored by the finding of family environmental influence in our pedigree model. In contrast, variance in anxiety symptoms was not significantly influenced by common genetic variation in children or parents, despite a moderate pedigree heritability. CONCLUSIONS Genomic methods like RDR represent new opportunities for genetically sensitive family research on complex human traits, which until now has been largely confined to adoption, twin and other pedigree designs. Our results are relevant to debates about the role of parents in the development of anxiety and depression in children, and possibly where to intervene to reduce problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cheesman
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Espen Moen Eilertsen
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yasmin I Ahmadzadeh
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Line C Gjerde
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie J Hannigan
- Nic Waals Institute at Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute at Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander I Young
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Center of Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom A McAdams
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Grand-maternal lifestyle during pregnancy and body mass index in adolescence and young adulthood: an intergenerational cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14432. [PMID: 32879408 PMCID: PMC7468235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine associations of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy with body mass index (BMI) and risk of overweight or obesity of grandchildren during adolescence and young adulthood. Our study population included 14,001 grandmother–mother–child triads comprised of participants of two ongoing prospective cohort studies of related individuals. We used self-reported grand-maternal gestational weight gain, diet, physical activity, and smoking during pregnancy to create a lifestyle score ranged from 0 to 12, with a higher score indicating healthier lifestyle. Grandchild BMI was self-assessed in follow-up questionnaires. Compared with individuals whose grandmothers had the least healthy lifestyle during pregnancy, individuals whose grandmothers had the most healthy lifestyle had 0.17 (95% CI 0.01, 0.33; P for trend = 0.05) kg/m2 lower BMI and 7% (95% CI 2%, 12%; P for trend = 0.001) lower risk of overweight or obesity during adolescence and young adulthood. The inverse associations between grand-maternal lifestyle and BMI in grandchildren were mainly mediated by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (mediation effect: 64%; P value = 0.001). Overall, maternal BMI, along with maternal socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors in the second and third generations accounted for all of the inter-generational association (mediation effect: 99%; P value < 0.001). The inverse associations of grand-maternal lifestyle with BMI of offspring were not modified by grand-maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, grandchild age, or grandchild gender. Grandchildren of women who had the healthiest lifestyles during pregnancy defined by no excess gestational weight gain, no smoking, a healthy diet and being physically active, were less likely to be overweight or obese in adolescence and early adulthood.
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Lappas M, Lim R, Price S, Prendergast LA, Proietto J, Ekinci EI, Sumithran P. Exploring the Relationship Between Maternal Circulating Hormones and Gestational Weight Gain in Women Without Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:455-462. [PMID: 32606997 PMCID: PMC7305340 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s241785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central homeostatic regulation of fat stores is attenuated during pregnancy, to allow for adequate fat deposition to support fetal development and lactation. What factors particular to pregnancy facilitate fat accumulation, and why gestational weight gain (GWG) is so variable, are not clear. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations between GWG and circulating hormones with known effects on appetite and growth. Methods Women without obesity (body mass index, BMI <30 kg/m2), with a healthy singleton pregnancy, were recruited at the time of delivery by elective Caesarean section at a tertiary obstetric hospital. Women with preterm (<37 weeks) delivery and smokers were excluded. Maternal blood was collected at the time of delivery for measurement of fasting oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin, insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. Comparisons were made between women who gained weight within the range recommended by Institute of Medicine guidelines for normal weight women (11.5–16 kg; n=34) and those who gained excessive weight (>16 kg; n=35) during pregnancy. Analysis of covariance was carried out using multiple linear regression to test the effect of GWG group on biochemical parameters, accounting for pre-pregnancy BMI. Results The 69 participants had a mean age of 34.6 ± 4.3 years, and pre-pregnancy BMI of (23.3 ± 1.8 kg/m2), with no significant differences between groups in pre-pregnancy weight, BMI, age, birthweight or parity. Mean GWG was 14.0 ± 1.3 kg in the “recommended” group and 19.6 ± 3.2 kg in the “excessive” group. Leptin was significantly higher (43.4 ± 21.6 vs 33.4 ± 15.0 ng/mL, p=0.03) and prolactin tended to be lower (159.5 ± 66.1 vs 194.0 ± 85.6 ng/mL, p=0.07) at delivery in women with excessive (vs recommended) GWG. No other circulating factors were found to differ between groups. The between-group difference in leptin remained after adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI in multiple linear regression and quantile regression analyses. Conclusion In women without obesity, leptin remains a marker of adiposity during pregnancy. GWG was not associated with other circulating hormones with effects on appetite and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne, Australia.,Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ratana Lim
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne, Australia.,Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Price
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin), Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke A Prendergast
- La Trobe University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Joseph Proietto
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin), Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin), Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine (Austin), Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Traglia M, Windham GC, Pearl M, Poon V, Eyles D, Jones KL, Lyall K, Kharrazi M, Croen LA, Weiss LA. Genetic Contributions to Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Levels. Genetics 2020; 214:1091-1102. [PMID: 32047095 PMCID: PMC7153928 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for several physiological functions and biological processes. Increasing levels of maternal vitamin D are required throughout pregnancy as a unique source of vitamin D for the fetus, and consequently maternal vitamin D deficiency may result in several adverse outcomes in newborns. However, the genetic regulation of vitamin D in pregnancy and at birth is not yet well understood. We performed genome-wide association studies of maternal midgestational serum-derived and neonatal blood-spot-derived total 25-hydroxyvitamin D from a case-control study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We identified one fetal locus (rs4588) significantly associated with neonatal vitamin D levels in the GC gene, encoding the binding protein for the transport and function of vitamin D. We also found suggestive cross-associated loci for neonatal and maternal vitamin D near immune genes, such as CXCL6-IL8 and ACKR1 We found no interactions with ASD. However, when including a set of cases with intellectual disability but not ASD (N = 179), we observed a suggestive interaction between decreased levels of neonatal vitamin D and a specific maternal genotype near the PKN2 gene. Our results suggest that genetic variation influences total vitamin D levels during pregnancy and at birth via proteins in the vitamin D pathway, but also potentially via distinct mechanisms involving loci with known roles in immune function that might be involved in vitamin D pathophysiology in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Traglia
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Gayle C Windham
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, Richmond, California 94804
| | - Michelle Pearl
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, Richmond, California 94804
| | - Victor Poon
- Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Jones
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 191044
| | - Martin Kharrazi
- California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, Richmond, California 94804
| | - Lisa A Croen
- Autism Research Program, Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California 94612
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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22
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Evans DM, Moen GH, Hwang LD, Lawlor DA, Warrington NM. Elucidating the role of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health and disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:861-875. [PMID: 30815700 PMCID: PMC6659380 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable interest in estimating the causal effect of a range of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health-related outcomes. Previous attempts to do this using Mendelian randomization methodologies have been hampered by the paucity of epidemiological cohorts with large numbers of genotyped mother-offspring pairs. METHODS We describe a new statistical model that we have created which can be used to estimate the effect of maternal genotypes on offspring outcomes conditional on offspring genotype, using both individual-level and summary-results data, even when the extent of sample overlap is unknown. RESULTS We describe how the estimates obtained from our method can subsequently be used in large-scale two-sample Mendelian randomization studies to investigate the causal effect of maternal environmental exposures on offspring outcomes. This includes studies that aim to assess the causal effect of in utero exposures related to fetal growth restriction on future risk of disease in offspring. We illustrate our framework using examples related to offspring birthweight and cardiometabolic disease, although the general principles we espouse are relevant for many other offspring phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We advocate for the establishment of large-scale international genetics consortia that are focused on the identification of maternal genetic effects and committed to the public sharing of genome-wide summary-results data from such efforts. This information will facilitate the application of powerful two-sample Mendelian randomization studies of maternal exposures and offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gunn-Helen Moen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liang-Dar Hwang
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Introducing M-GCTA a Software Package to Estimate Maternal (or Paternal) Genetic Effects on Offspring Phenotypes. Behav Genet 2019; 50:51-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-019-09969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Ancira-Moreno M, Vadillo-Ortega F, Rivera-Dommarco JÁ, Sánchez BN, Pasteris J, Batis C, Castillo-Castrejón M, O'Neill MS. Gestational weight gain trajectories over pregnancy and their association with maternal diet quality: Results from the PRINCESA cohort. Nutrition 2019; 65:158-166. [PMID: 31132630 PMCID: PMC7276248 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to characterize, among pregnant Mexican women, gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectories; assess associations of maternal dietary quality score (MDQS) with GWG during early-mid pregnancy, middle pregnancy, late pregnancy, and prolonged pregnancy; and evaluate the association between MDQS and adequacy of GWG, throughout pregnancy. We hypothesized that higher MDQS adherence is protective against insufficient or excessive GWG across pregnancy and that the association between MDQS adherence and GWG would vary by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category. METHODS We analyzed data from 660 pregnant women participating in the PRINCESA (Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition and City Environments: Systematic Analyses) cohort in Mexico City, 2009 to 2014. Repeated measures of dietary intake and mother's weight were obtained during pregnancy. Individual GWG trajectories were modeled in a multilevel regression framework. Associations between MDQS (low, medium, and high adherence) and GWG were investigated using mixed-effect regression models with linear splines. RESULTS Women with prepregnancy BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 had a slower rate of GWG (RGWG) compared with other categories. A higher adherence to MDQS was protective against an insufficient (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.95; P = 0.03) and an excessive RGWG (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94; P = 0.03) throughout pregnancy, adjusting for prepregnancy BMI, energy intake, maternal age, educational level, parity, fetal sex, marital status, and physical activity. Associations between diet and RGWG differed by gestational period. CONCLUSION A better quality diet, as measured by MDQS, was associated with appropriate GWG during pregnancy in the PRINCESA cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ancira-Moreno
- Health Department, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico; UNAM, School of Medicine Branch at Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- UNAM, School of Medicine Branch at Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | | | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy Pasteris
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carolina Batis
- CONACYT - Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Marie S O'Neill
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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25
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Kawai VK, Nwosu SK, Kurnik D, Harrell FE, Stein CM. Variants in BMI-Associated Genes and Adrenergic Genes are not Associated with Gestational Weight Trajectory. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1184-1189. [PMID: 31116007 PMCID: PMC6591076 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to define the association between a genetic risk score (GRS) that combined the effect of multiple BMI-associated variants and gestational weight trajectory. Because pregnancy is a state of sympathetic activation, the association between gestational weight trajectory and variants in adrenergic pathways previously associated with weight was examined. METHODS In a previously defined cohort of pregnant women with (n = 1,504) and without gestational diabetes (GDM) (n = 435), weight trajectory was calculated using all weights during pregnancy. A GRS for BMI (GRSBMI ) was calculated using 31 common variants associated with BMI, and 10 variants in the adrenergic pathways were genotyped. Clinical and genetic factors were studied using generalized linear models. RESULTS Prepregnancy BMI was associated with the GRSBMI (P = 9.3 × 10-11 ) and parity (P = 4.54 × 10-17 ). The GRSBMI was associated with gestational weight trajectory in women with and without GDM (P = 0.041 and P < 0.0001, respectively); however, when prepregnancy BMI was included in the models, the associations disappeared (P > 0.05). Variants in adrenergic genes were not associated with gestational weight trajectory. CONCLUSIONS A GRS for BMI was associated with prepregnancy BMI but was not independently associated with gestational weight trajectory in women with and without GDM. Selected variants in adrenergic genes were not associated with gestational weight trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian K. Kawai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel K. Nwosu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frank E. Harrell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Shrestha D, Rahman ML, Hinkle SN, Workalemahu T, Tekola-Ayele F. Maternal BMI-Increasing Genetic Risk Score and Fetal Weights among Diverse US Ethnic Groups. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1150-1160. [PMID: 31231956 PMCID: PMC6592626 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between maternal genetic risk for obesity and fetal weight were examined at the end of the first (13 weeks 6 days), second (27 weeks 6 days), and third (40 weeks 0 days) trimesters of pregnancy among four race/ethnic groups in the US. METHODS For 603 white, 591 black, 535 Hispanic, and 216 Asian women, maternal genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated as the sum of 189 BMI-increasing alleles and was categorized into high or low GRS. Associations between GRS (continuous and categorical) and estimated fetal weight were tested overall and stratified by prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG), and fetal sex. RESULTS High GRS compared with low GRS was associated with increased fetal weight at the end of the second (β: 22.7 g; 95% CI: 2.4-43.1; P = 0.03) and third trimesters (β: 88.3 g; 95% CI: 9.0-167.6; P = 0.03) among Hispanic women. The effect of GRS was stronger among Hispanic women with normal prepregnancy weight, adequate first trimester GWG, or inadequate second trimester GWG (P < 0.05). Among Asian women, high GRS was associated with increased weight among male fetuses but decreased weight among female fetuses (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity genetic risk was associated with fetal weight with potential effect modifications by maternal prepregnancy BMI, GWG, and fetal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Shrestha
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad L. Rahman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Population Medicine and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute
| | - Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Warrington NM, Freathy RM, Neale MC, Evans DM. Using structural equation modelling to jointly estimate maternal and fetal effects on birthweight in the UK Biobank. Int J Epidemiol 2019; 47:1229-1241. [PMID: 29447406 PMCID: PMC6124616 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, 60 genetic variants have been robustly associated with birthweight. It is unclear whether these associations represent the effect of an individual's own genotype on their birthweight, their mother's genotype, or both. Methods We demonstrate how structural equation modelling (SEM) can be used to estimate both maternal and fetal effects when phenotype information is present for individuals in two generations and genotype information is available on the older individual. We conduct an extensive simulation study to assess the bias, power and type 1 error rates of the SEM and also apply the SEM to birthweight data in the UK Biobank study. Results Unlike simple regression models, our approach is unbiased when there is both a maternal and a fetal effect. The method can be used when either the individual's own phenotype or the phenotype of their offspring is not available, and allows the inclusion of summary statistics from additional cohorts where raw data cannot be shared. We show that the type 1 error rate of the method is appropriate, and that there is substantial statistical power to detect a genetic variant that has a moderate effect on the phenotype and reasonable power to detect whether it is a fetal and/or a maternal effect. We also identify a subset of birthweight-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have opposing maternal and fetal effects in the UK Biobank. Conclusions Our results show that SEM can be used to estimate parameters that would be difficult to quantify using simple statistical methods alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Departments of Psychiatry and Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Middeldorp CM, Felix JF, Mahajan A, McCarthy MI. The Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia: design, results and future prospects. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 34:279-300. [PMID: 30887376 PMCID: PMC6447695 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The impact of many unfavorable childhood traits or diseases, such as low birth weight and mental disorders, is not limited to childhood and adolescence, as they are also associated with poor outcomes in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease. Insight into the genetic etiology of childhood and adolescent traits and disorders may therefore provide new perspectives, not only on how to improve wellbeing during childhood, but also how to prevent later adverse outcomes. To achieve the sample sizes required for genetic research, the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) and EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortia were established. The majority of the participating cohorts are longitudinal population-based samples, but other cohorts with data on early childhood phenotypes are also involved. Cohorts often have a broad focus and collect(ed) data on various somatic and psychiatric traits as well as environmental factors. Genetic variants have been successfully identified for multiple traits, for example, birth weight, atopic dermatitis, childhood BMI, allergic sensitization, and pubertal growth. Furthermore, the results have shown that genetic factors also partly underlie the association with adult traits. As sample sizes are still increasing, it is expected that future analyses will identify additional variants. This, in combination with the development of innovative statistical methods, will provide detailed insight on the mechanisms underlying the transition from childhood to adult disorders. Both consortia welcome new collaborations. Policies and contact details are available from the corresponding authors of this manuscript and/or the consortium websites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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Beysel S, Eyerci N, Ulubay M, Caliskan M, Kizilgul M, Hafızoğlu M, Cakal E. Maternal genetic contribution to pre-pregnancy obesity, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:37. [PMID: 31114636 PMCID: PMC6518700 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with each other. This is the first study to investigate whether genetic variants were associated with having GDM, and whether genetic variants-related GDM were associated with adiposity including pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG in Turkish women. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with GDM (n = 160) and without GDM (n = 145) were included in case-controlled study. Genotyping of the HNF1A gene (p.I27L rs1169288, p.98V rs1800574, p.S487N rs2464196), the VDR gene (p.BsmI rs1544410, p.ApaI rs7975232, p.TaqI rs731236, p.FokI rs2228570), and FTO gene (rs9939609) SNPs were performed by using RT-PCR. RESULTS The FTO AA genotype was associated with an increased risk of having GDM (AA vs. AT + TT, 24.4% vs. 12.4%, OR = 2.27, 95% CI [1.23-4.19], p = 0.007). The HNF1A p.I27L GT/TT genotype was associated with increased GDM risk (GT + TT vs. GG-wild, 79.4% vs. 65.5%, OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.38], p = 0.007). However, all VDR gene SNPs and the HNF1A p.A98V, p.S487N were not associated with having GDM (p > 0.05). The FTO AA genotype was associated with an increased risk for pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (OR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.25-3.4], p = 0.035), but not associated with excessive GWG after adjusting for pre-pregnancy weight (p > 0.05). Pre-pregnancy weight, weight at delivery, and GWG did not differ in both VDR and HNF1A gene carriers (p > 0.05). HOMA-IR and HbA1c were increased in both p.I27L TT and FTO AA genotype carriers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The adiposity-related gene FTO is associated with GDM by the effect of FTO on pre-pregnancy obesity. The diabetes-related p.I27L gene is associated with GDM by increasing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvihan Beysel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Afyonkarahisar Saglik Bilimleri University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Nilnur Eyerci
- Department of Genetic Research, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulubay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caliskan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kizilgul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Hafızoğlu
- Department of İnternal Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Saglik Bilimleri University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Li Q, Xiao Q, Sun H, Olasege BS, Wang Q, Pan Y. Exploring the Genetic Correlation Between Growth and Immunity Based on Summary Statistics of Genome-Wide Association Studies. Front Genet 2018; 9:393. [PMID: 30271426 PMCID: PMC6149433 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between growth and immune phenotypes has been presented in the context of physiology and energy allocation theory, but has rarely been explained genetically in humans. As more summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) become available, it is increasingly possible to explore the genetic relationship between traits at the level of genome-wide summary statistics. In this study, publicly available summary statistics of growth and immune related traits were used to evaluate the genetic correlation coefficients between immune and growth traits, as well as the cause and effect relationship between them. In addition, pleiotropic variants and KEGG pathways were identified. As a result, we found negative correlations between birthweight and immune cell count phenotypes, a positive correlation between childhood head circumference and eosinophil counts (EO), and positive or negative correlations between childhood body mass index and immune phenotypes. Statistically significant negative effects of immune cell count phenotypes on human height, and a slight but significant negative influence of human height on allergic disease were also observed. A total of 98 genomic regions were identified as containing variants potentially related to both immunity and growth. Some variants, such as rs3184504 located in SH2B3, rs13107325 in SLC39A8, and rs1260326 located in GCKR, which have been identified to be pleiotropic SNPs among other traits, were found to also be related to growth and immune traits in this study. Meanwhile, the most frequent overlapping KEGG pathways between growth and immune phenotypes were autoimmune related pathways. Pleiotropic pathways such as the adipocytokine signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were also identified to be significant. The results of this study indicate the complex genetic relationship between growth and immune phenotypes, and reveal the genetic background of their correlation in the context of pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peipei Ma
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiumeng Li
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Babatunde Shittu Olasege
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the prevention of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and reduction of postpartum weight retention (PPWR) by lifestyle intervention and pharmacotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings demonstrate that tailored nutrition counseling and adapting certain eating patterns, supervised exercise programs aiming at achieving at least moderate level of physical activity, and interactive and monitored behavior change interventions are effective in reducing excessive GWG and PPWR. Among the pharmacologic agents, Metformin has been shown to reduce GWG. Excessive GWG and PPWR are associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Recent evidence shows that weight during gestation and the postpartum period can be significantly reduced by more frequent nutrition counseling sessions on balanced diet focusing on healthier food choices and eating patterns, supervised moderate-intensity exercise for at least 30 min three times a week, and interactive behavior change interventions with regular feedback and follow-up. The benefits on weight are seen when these interventions are utilized together in a multimodality approach. Metformin is effective in preventing excessive GWG but has no impact on neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemencio A Nicodemus
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
- University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
- Philippine Association for the Study of Overweight and Obesity, Pasig, Philippines.
- Philippine Society of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Pasig, Philippines.
- , Manila, Philippines.
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