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Baran C, Belgacem S, Paillet M, de Abreu RM, de Araujo FX, Meroni R, Corbellini C. Active Commuting as a Factor of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:125. [PMID: 39051286 PMCID: PMC11270385 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Active commuting (AC) may have the potential to prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the evidence for a correlation between AC and the risk of CVD remains uncertain. The current study thoroughly and qualitatively summarized research on the relationship between AC and the risk of CVD disease. From conception through December 2022, researchers explored four databases (PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, and Bibliothèque Nationale of Luxembourg [BnL]) for observational studies. The initial findings of the search yielded 1042 references. This systematic review includes five papers with 491,352 participants between 16 and 85 years old, with 5 to 20 years of follow-up period. The exposure variable was the mode of transportation used to commute on a typical day (walking, cycling, mixed mode, driving, or taking public transportation). The primary outcome measures were incident CVD, fatal and non-fatal (e.g., ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS) events, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite methodological variability, the current evidence supports AC as a preventive measure for the development of CVD. Future research is needed to standardize methodologies and promote policies for public health and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Baran
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (S.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Shanice Belgacem
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (S.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Mathilde Paillet
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg; (C.B.); (S.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Raphael Martins de Abreu
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX ASBL, Luxembourg Health & Sport Sciences Research Institute, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg; (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Roberto Meroni
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX ASBL, Luxembourg Health & Sport Sciences Research Institute, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg; (R.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Camilo Corbellini
- Department of Physiotherapy, LUNEX ASBL, Luxembourg Health & Sport Sciences Research Institute, LUNEX University of Applied Sciences, 4671 Differdange, Luxembourg; (R.M.); (C.C.)
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Al-Ozairi E, Irshad M, Al-Ozairi A, Al-Kandari J, Taghadom E, Varghese A, Megahed A, Abdullah A, Murad S, Gray SR. Seasonal differences in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep patterns in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103046. [PMID: 38830288 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of the current study was to measure physical activity, sedentary behaviors and sleep levels across the different seasons in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to September 2022. Physical activity and sleep metrics were measured over a 7-day period with a wrist-worn accelerometer (GENEActiv). Overall physical activity was measured as a Euclidean Norm Minus One in milli gravitational units (mg). Accelerometer metrics were compared across the seasons and between the sex. RESULTS A total of 784 people with type 1 diabetes participated. Mean daily physical activity was 25.2 mg (SD = 7.3). Seasonal differences were seen in overall physical activity (p = 0.05), inactivity (p = 0.04), light activity (p = 0.001), the intensity gradient (p = 0.001) and sleep efficiency (p = 0.02). Poorer metrics were generally seen in Spring and Summer. Overall physical activity, moderate and vigorous physical activity, and inactivity were significantly higher in males compared to females (p ≤ 0.02). Females had a longer sleeping duration (p = 0.02), and higher sleep efficiency (p = 0.04) and light physical activity (p = 0.01). Overall physical activity and the intensity gradient were negatively associated with HbA1c (both p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity levels were generally low and sleep poor in people with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait and these varied by sex and season. The current data are useful to target and develop interventions to improve physical activity and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdullah Al-Ozairi
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Jumana Al-Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Etab Taghadom
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait; Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Murad
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Stuart R Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, UK.
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Oja P, Memon AR, Titze S, Jurakic D, Chen ST, Shrestha N, Em S, Matolic T, Vasankari T, Heinonen A, Grgic J, Koski P, Kokko S, Kelly P, Foster C, Podnar H, Pedisic Z. Health Benefits of Different Sports: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies Including 2.6 Million Adult Participants. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:46. [PMID: 38658416 PMCID: PMC11043276 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reviews have examined the health benefits of participation in specific sports, such as baseball, cricket, cross-country skiing, cycling, downhill skiing, football, golf, judo, rugby, running and swimming. However, new primary studies on the topic have recently been published, and the respective meta-analytic evidence needs to be updated. OBJECTIVES To systematically review, summarise and appraise evidence on physical health benefits of participation in different recreational sports. METHODS Searches for journal articles were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SpoLit, SPORTDiscus, Sports Medicine & Education Index and Web of Science. We included longitudinal and intervention studies investigating physical health outcomes associated with participation in a given sport among generally healthy adults without disability. RESULTS A total of 136 papers from 76 studies conducted among 2.6 million participants were included in the review. Our meta-analyses of available evidence found that: (1) cycling reduces the risk of coronary heart disease by 16% (pooled hazard ratio [HR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80, 0.89), all-cause mortality by 21% (HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.84), cancer mortality by 10% (HR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96) and cardiovascular mortality by 20% (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.86); (2) football has favourable effects on body composition, blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, cardiovascular function at rest, cardiorespiratory fitness and bone strength (p < 0.050); (3) handball has favourable effects on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.050); (4) running reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by 23% (HR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.85), cancer mortality by 20% (HR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89) and cardiovascular mortality by 27% (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.94) and improves body composition, cardiovascular function at rest and cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.010); and (5) swimming reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by 24% (HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.92) and improves body composition and blood lipids (p < 0.010). CONCLUSIONS A range of physical health benefits are associated with participation in recreational cycling, football, handball, running and swimming. More studies are needed to enable meta-analyses of health benefits of participation in other sports. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021234839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Oja
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aamir Raoof Memon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Danijel Jurakic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sowannry Em
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tena Matolic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ari Heinonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pasi Koski
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paul Kelly
- Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlie Foster
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hrvoje Podnar
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Quist JS, Klein AB, Færch K, Beaulieu K, Rosenkilde M, Gram AS, Sjödin A, Torekov S, Stallknecht B, Clemmensen C, Blond MB. Effects of acute exercise and exercise training on plasma GDF15 concentrations and associations with appetite and cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight or obesity - A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Appetite 2023; 182:106423. [PMID: 36563967 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is seemingly involved in appetite control. Acute exercise increases GDF15 concentrations in lean humans, but acute and long-term effects of exercise on GDF15 in individuals with overweight/obesity are unknown. We investigated the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on GDF15 concentrations in individuals with overweight/obesity and associations with appetite and cardiometabolic markers. 90 physically inactive adults (20-45 years) with overweight/obesity were randomized to 6-months habitual lifestyle (CON, n=16), or isocaloric exercise of moderate (MOD, n=37) or vigorous intensity (VIG, n=37), 5 days/week. Testing was performed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Plasma GDF15 concentrations, other metabolic markers, and subjective appetite were assessed fasted and in response to acute exercise before an ad libitum meal. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and intraabdominal adipose tissue were measured. At baseline, GDF15 increased 18% (95%CI: 4; 34) immediately after acute exercise and 32% (16; 50) 60 min post-exercise. Fasting GDF15 increased 21% (0; 46) in VIG after 3 months (p=0.045), but this attenuated at 6 months (13% (-11; 43), p=0.316) and was unchanged in MOD (11% (-6; 32), p=0.224, across 3 and 6 months). Post-exercise GDF15 did not change in MOD or VIG. GDF15 was not associated with appetite or energy intake. Higher GDF15 was associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and poorer glycemic control. In conclusion, GDF15 increased in response to acute exercise but was unaffected by exercise training. Higher GDF15 concentrations were associated with a less favorable cardiometabolic profile but not with markers of appetite. This suggests that GDF15 increases in response to acute exercise independent of training state. Whether this has an impact on free-living energy intake and body weight management needs investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Anders Bue Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kristine Beaulieu
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, West Yorkshire, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958, Fredederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Signe Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
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5
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Quist J, Winther J, Friis A, Gram A, Blond M, Rosenkilde M, Jespersen A, Stallknecht B. Maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and a physically active lifestyle after structured exercise interventions in individuals with overweight and obesity: A mixed-method follow-up study. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100293. [PMID: 36570402 PMCID: PMC9773044 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this mixed-method study was to explore maintenance of physical activity and health effects one year after completion of exercise interventions in transport and leisure-time domains of everyday life. We hypothesised that routinisation of active commuting would lead to better maintenance of physical activity and health effects compared with leisure-time exercise. Study design Mixed-methods follow-up study. Methods Individuals with overweight/obesity, who completed a 6-month exercise intervention (active commuting by bike (BIKE), moderate (MOD) or vigorous intensity leisure-time exercise (VIG)), were after one year invited to participate in a follow-up visit which included measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness during an incremental bicycle test and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Variability in maintenance practices was assessed in a sub-sample of participants who experienced the greatest improvements ('VO2peak improvers') and reductions ('VO2peak reducers'), respectively, in cardiorespiratory fitness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (15-30 min) and analysed using systematic text condensation to identify barriers and facilitators associated with maintenance of physical activity. Results Out of the 74 participants completing an exercise intervention, 46 (62%) completed follow-up (BIKE: n = 14; MOD: n = 14; VIG: n = 18). Improvements in VO2peak and reductions in fat mass were maintained in BIKE and VIG. Body weight decreased in BIKE and fat free mass increased in VIG. Changes in VO2peak and anthropometry at follow-up did not differ between BIKE and MOD + VIG. Fat mass decreased and recreational physical activity increased in 'VO2peak improvers'. Findings from the interviews suggested that self-monitoring, collective exercising, and new personal exercise challenges facilitate maintenance of a physically active lifestyle. Conclusion Completion of a structured exercise intervention consisting of 6 months of active commuting or vigorous intensity leisure-time exercise was associated with long-term maintenance of improvements in VO2peak and body composition, whereas moderate intensity leisure-time exercise was not. In contrast to our hypothesis, active commuting was not associated with better maintenance of physical activity and health effects after the intervention compared with leisure-time exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Quist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark,Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J. Winther
- Department of Social Education, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Copenhagen Centre for Health Research in the Humanities, Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A.L. Friis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A.S. Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M.B. Blond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M. Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A.P. Jespersen
- Copenhagen Centre for Health Research in the Humanities, Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B.M. Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Metsios GS, Perivoliotis K, Liguori G, Feito Y, Riebe D, Thompson WR, Angelopoulos TJ, Krustrup P, Mohr M, Draganidis D, Poulios A, Fatouros IG. Comparative Efficacy of 5 Exercise Types on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 81 Randomized Controlled Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2022; 15:e008243. [PMID: 35477256 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.121.008243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regular exercise is recommended for preventing and treating overweight/obesity, the most effective exercise type for improving cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight/obesity remains largely undecided. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and rank the comparative efficacy of 5 exercise modalities on cardiometabolic health measures in individuals with overweight/obesity. METHODS A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to September 2020. The review focused on randomized controlled trials involving exercise interventions consisting of continuous endurance training, interval training, resistance training, combined aerobic and resistance training (combined training), and hybrid-type training. Exercise interventions aimed to improve somatometric variables, body composition, lipid metabolism, glucose control, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular strength. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to evaluate eligible studies. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The intervention ranking was carried out using a Bayesian model where mean and SD were equal to the respective frequentist estimates. RESULTS A total of 4331 participants (59% female; mean age: 38.7±12.3 years) from 81 studies were included. Combined training was the most effective modality and hybrid-type training the second most effective in improving cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in these populations suggesting a higher efficacy for multicomponent exercise interventions compared to single-component modalities, that is, continuous endurance training, interval training, and resistance training. A subgroup analysis revealed that the effects from different exercise types were mediated by gender. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the latest guidelines on exercise for individuals with overweight/obesity highlighting the importance of a multicomponent exercise approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Physicians and healthcare professionals should consider prescribing multicomponent exercise interventions to adults with overweight/obesity to maximize clinical outcomes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD42020202647.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Georgios S Metsios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (G.S.M.).,Russells Hall Hospital, Rheumatology, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom (G.S.M.).,Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom (G.S.M.)
| | | | - Gary Liguori
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Yuri Feito
- American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Y.F.)
| | - Deborah Riebe
- College of Health Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston (G.L., D.R.)
| | - Walter R Thompson
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta (W.R.T.)
| | - Theodore J Angelopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington (T.J.A.)
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Section of Sport and Health Sciences and Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS) (P.K.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, United Kingdom (P.K.)
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (M.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn (M.M.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece (A.B., A.Z.J., D.D., A.P., I.G.F.)
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Health Behaviors of Austrian Secondary School Teachers and Principals at a Glance: First Results of the From Science 2 School Study Focusing on Sports Linked to Mixed, Vegetarian, and Vegan Diets. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051065. [PMID: 35268041 PMCID: PMC8912656 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors are key contributors to sustainable health and well-being over the lifespan. The analysis of health-related behaviors is crucial for understanding the state of health in different populations, especially teachers who play a critical role in establishing the lifelong health behaviors of their pupils. This multidisciplinary, nationwide study aimed to assess and compare lifestyle patterns of Austrian teachers and school principals at secondary levels I and II with a specific focus on physical activity and diet. A total number of 1350 teachers (1.5% of the eligible Austrian sample; 69.7% females; 37.7% from urban areas; mean age: 45.8 ± 11.4 years; mean BMI: 24.2 ± 4.0) completed a standardized online survey following an epidemiological approach. Across the total sample, 34.4% were overweight/obese with a greater prevalence of overweight/obesity in males than females (49.5% vs. 29.2%, p < 0.01) and rural vs. urban environments (35.9% vs. 31.3%). Most participants (89.3%) reported a mixed diet, while 7.9% and 2.9% were vegetarians and vegans, respectively. The average BMI of teachers with mixed diets (24.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2) was significantly higher than vegetarians (23.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2) and vegans (22.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2). Vegans reported a lower level of alcohol intake (p < 0.05) among dietary groups. There was no between-group difference in smoking (p > 0.05). The prevalence of engagement in regular physical activity was 88.7% for leisure-time sports/exercises and 29.2% for club sports. Compared with the previous reports on general populations, the present data suggest an acceptable overall health status among Austrian teachers.
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Music J, Charlebois S, Toole V, Large C. Telecommuting and food E-commerce: Socially sustainable practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES 2022; 13:100513. [PMID: 35128387 PMCID: PMC8806671 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2021.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Telecommuting has become a dominant professional experience for many Canadian business and workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Telecommuting has several benefits that are separate from COVID-19. Two prevalent changes have been in regard to telecommuting and online food buying habits, both of which impact social wellbeing as a dimension of social sustainability. We discuss two exploratory surveys on the perception of telecommuting and food e-commerce. We found that while telecommuting has the potential to increase social wellbeing and the social sustainability of both urban and rural Canadian communities through a variety of mechanisms, food e-commerce does not offer similar returns. Instead, the prevalence of food e-commerce merely adds convenience to the lives of those who already have adequate food access while maintaining the status quo, or even worsening access for disadvantaged Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Music
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sylvain Charlebois
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Virginia Toole
- Faculty of Management, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Charlotte Large
- Faculty of Management, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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9
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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10
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Green S. Cycling for health: Improving health and mitigating the climate crisis. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2021; 67:739-742. [PMID: 34649896 PMCID: PMC8516176 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6710739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature about cycling and health, and to provide an overview and discussion of the available evidence. SOURCES OF INFORMATION The MeSH terms bicycle and transportation were searched in PubMed. Clinical trials, practice reviews, and systematic reviews were included. All reference lists were reviewed for additional articles. MAIN MESSAGE Climate change is a threat to health. In Canada alone, transportation is the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions. Active transportation, which is any form of human-powered transportation, can mitigate the health effects of the climate crisis while simultaneously improving the health of people. Physical activity improves overall well-being, as well as physical and mental health. Active transportation, particularly cycling, is a convenient way to meet physical activity targets, reduce risk of disease and all-cause mortality, and derive mental health and social benefits. Family physician advocacy for active transportation has been shown to increase cycling levels in patients compared with no physician advocacy. CONCLUSION Family physicians can help to increase the level of active transportation at the individual patient level through patient education and behaviour change counseling; at the community level through community education and political advocacy; and at the policy level through partnerships with larger organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Green
- Family physician at St Michael’s Hospital in Toronto, Ont, and Faculty Lead in Climate Change and Health in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto
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11
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Alessio HM, Bassett DR, Bopp MJ, Parr BB, Patch GS, Rankin JW, Rojas-Rueda D, Roti MW, Wojcik JR. Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Physical Inactivity: Is Active Transportation Part of the Solution? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1170-1178. [PMID: 33986228 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Active transportation is defined as self-propelled, human-powered transportation modes, such as walking and bicycling. In this article, we review the evidence that reliance on gasoline-powered transportation is contributing to global climate change, air pollution, and physical inactivity and that this is harmful to human health. Global climate change poses a major threat to human health and in the future could offset the health gains achieved over the last 100 yr. Based on hundreds of scientific studies, there is strong evidence that human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are contributing to global climate change. Climate change is associated with increased severity of storms, flooding, rising sea levels, hotter climates, and drought, all leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Along with increases in atmospheric CO2, other pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5) are released by combustion engines and industry, which can lead to pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Also, as car ownership and vehicle miles traveled have increased, the shift toward motorized transport has contributed to physical inactivity. Each of these global challenges has resulted in, or is projected to result in, millions of premature deaths each year. One of the ways that nations can mitigate the health consequences of climate change, air pollution, and chronic diseases is through the use of active transportation. Research indicates that populations that rely heavily on active transportation enjoy better health and increased longevity. In summary, active transportation has tremendous potential to simultaneously address three global public health challenges of the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaine M Alessio
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Miami, OH
| | - David R Bassett
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Melissa J Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Brian B Parr
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of South Carolina, Aiken, SC
| | | | - Janet W Rankin
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - David Rojas-Rueda
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Melissa W Roti
- Movement Science, Sport, and Leisure Studies Department, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA
| | - Janet R Wojcik
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Human Performance, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC
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12
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Bruhn L, Kjøbsted R, Quist JS, Gram AS, Rosenkilde M, Færch K, Wojtaszewski JF, Stallknecht B, Blond MB. Effect of exercise training on skeletal muscle protein expression in relation to insulin sensitivity: Per-protocol analysis of a randomized controlled trial (GO-ACTIWE). Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14850. [PMID: 34042297 PMCID: PMC8157763 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training improves peripheral insulin sensitivity and leads to molecular adaptations in the skeletal muscle. We investigated changes in the expression of key muscle proteins in the glucose metabolic pathway following active commuting by bike or leisure-time exercise at two different intensities. In addition, potential associations between insulin sensitivity and muscle protein expression were examined. This per-protocol analysis included 72 out of 130 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight/obesity (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2 ) who completed 6 months of no intervention (CON, n = 12), active commuting by bike (BIKE, n = 14), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, n = 28) or vigorous (VIG, n = 18) intensity. Exercise was prescribed 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1,600 kcal for women and 2,100 kcal for men. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and analyzed for protein expression at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of intervention. We found an increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the exercise groups compared with the control group following 6 months of training. No differential effects were observed on the protein expression following moderate versus vigorous intensity exercise. In addition, we found a positive association between insulin sensitivity and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 as well as PDH. The positive association and the increase in expression of PDH after exercise training points toward a role for PDH in the training-induced enhancement of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bruhn
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh ClubDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
| | - Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh ClubDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
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13
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Lee HS, Lee J. Effects of Exercise Interventions on Weight, Body Mass Index, Lean Body Mass and Accumulated Visceral Fat in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052635. [PMID: 33807939 PMCID: PMC7967650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Exercise interventions for overweight and obese individuals help reduce accumulated visceral fat, which is an indicator of cardiometabolic risk, but the effectiveness of these interventions is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in overweight and obese individuals in order to reduce weight, body mass index (BMI), and accumulated visceral fat, and increase lean body mass. (2) Methods: Databases were used to select eligible studies for this meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trials with control and experimental groups were included. The degrees of effectiveness of the exercise interventions were computed to assess the benefits on reducing weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat, and increasing lean body mass. (3) Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. Participation in exercise interventions reduced weight (d = −0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.84–−0.31; p < 0.001; k = 9)), BMI (d = −0.50 (95% CI, −0.78–−0.21; p < 0.001; k = 7)), and accumulated visceral fat (d = −1.08 (95% CI, −1.60–−0.57; p < 0.001; k = 5)), but did not significantly increase lean body mass (d = 0.26 (95% CI, −0.11–0.63; p = 0.17; k = 6)). The average exercise intervention for overweight and obese individuals was of moderate to vigorous intensity, 4 times per week, 50 min per session, and 22 weeks duration. (4) Conclusions: Participating in exercise interventions has favorable effects on weight, BMI, and accumulated visceral fat. Further studies considering different modalities, intensities, durations, and measurements of fatness need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Lee
- Graduate School of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Junga Lee
- Sports Medicine and Science, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-010-9251-6079
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14
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Schäfer C, Mayr B, Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, Reich B, Schmied C, Loidl M, Niederseer D, Niebauer J. Health effects of active commuting to work: The available evidence before GISMO. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 30 Suppl 1:8-14. [PMID: 32297362 PMCID: PMC7540011 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Global guidelines recommend for maintaining health in adults, at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity of physical activity throughout the week, but compliance is insufficient and health problems arise. One obvious way to overcome this is to integrate physical activity into the daily routine for example by active commuting to work. Scientific evidence, however, is scarce and therefore we set out to perform this systematic review of the available literature to improve understanding of the efficiency of active commuting initiatives on health. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and Cochrane database. Altogether, 37 studies were screened. Thereof, eight publications were reviewed, which included 555 participants. The mean study duration of the reviewed research was 36 ± 26 (8-72) weeks. Overall, active commuting in previously untrained subjects of both sexes significantly improved exercise capacity, maximal power, blood pressure, lipid parameters including cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and waist circumference. Improvement was independent of the type of active commuting. Despite relatively few studies that were previously performed, this review revealed that active commuting has health beneficial effects comparable to those of moderate exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schäfer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Mayr
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Dolores Fernandez La Puente de Battre
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Reich
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Schmied
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loidl
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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O'Donoghue G, Blake C, Cunningham C, Lennon O, Perrotta C. What exercise prescription is optimal to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults living with obesity? A network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13137. [PMID: 32896055 PMCID: PMC7900983 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current international guidelines recommend people living with obesity should be prescribed a minimum of 300 min of moderately intense activity per week for weight loss. However, the most efficacious exercise prescription to improve anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and metabolic health in this population remains unknown. Thus, this network meta-analysis was conducted to assess and rank comparative efficacy of different exercise interventions on anthropometry, CRF and other metabolic risk factors. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared different exercise modalities to improve anthropometry, CRF and/or metabolic health in adults living with obesity. RCTs were evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A random effects network meta-analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. Of the 6663 articles retrieved, 45 studies with a total 3566 participants were included. Results reveal that while any type of exercise intervention is more effective than control, weight loss induced is modest. Interventions that combine high-intensity aerobic and high-load resistance training exert beneficial effects that are superior to any other exercise modality at decreasing abdominal adiposity, improving lean body mass and increasing CRF. Clinicians should consider this evidence when prescribing exercise for adults living with obesity, to ensure optimal effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne O'Donoghue
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caitriona Cunningham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olive Lennon
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Lugones-Sanchez C, Sanchez-Calavera MA, Repiso-Gento I, Adalia EG, Ramirez-Manent JI, Agudo-Conde C, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Garcia-Ortiz L. Effectiveness of an mHealth Intervention Combining a Smartphone App and Smart Band on Body Composition in an Overweight and Obese Population: Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDENT 3 Study). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e21771. [PMID: 33242020 PMCID: PMC7728540 DOI: 10.2196/21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) is currently among the supporting elements that may contribute to an improvement in health markers by helping people adopt healthier lifestyles. mHealth interventions have been widely reported to achieve greater weight loss than other approaches, but their effect on body composition remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to assess the short-term (3 months) effectiveness of a mobile app and a smart band for losing weight and changing body composition in sedentary Spanish adults who are overweight or obese. Methods A randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 440 subjects from primary care centers, with 231 subjects in the intervention group (IG; counselling with smartphone app and smart band) and 209 in the control group (CG; counselling only). Both groups were counselled about healthy diet and physical activity. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG was trained to use a smartphone app that involved self-monitoring and tailored feedback, as well as a smart band that recorded daily physical activity (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). Body composition was measured using the InBody 230 bioimpedance device (InBody Co., Ltd), and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results The mHealth intervention produced a greater loss of body weight (–1.97 kg, 95% CI –2.39 to –1.54) relative to standard counselling at 3 months (–1.13 kg, 95% CI –1.56 to –0.69). Comparing groups, the IG achieved a weight loss of 0.84 kg more than the CG at 3 months. The IG showed a decrease in body fat mass (BFM; –1.84 kg, 95% CI –2.48 to –1.20), percentage of body fat (PBF; –1.22%, 95% CI –1.82% to 0.62%), and BMI (–0.77 kg/m2, 95% CI –0.96 to 0.57). No significant changes were observed in any of these parameters in men; among women, there was a significant decrease in BMI in the IG compared with the CG. When subjects were grouped according to baseline BMI, the overweight group experienced a change in BFM of –1.18 kg (95% CI –2.30 to –0.06) and BMI of –0.47 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.80 to –0.13), whereas the obese group only experienced a change in BMI of –0.53 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.86 to –0.19). When the data were analyzed according to physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity group showed significant changes in BFM of –1.03 kg (95% CI –1.74 to –0.33), PBF of –0.76% (95% CI –1.32% to –0.20%), and BMI of –0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.83 to –0.19). Conclusions The results from this multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial study show that compared with standard counselling alone, adding a self-reported app and a smart band obtained beneficial results in terms of weight loss and a reduction in BFM and PBF in female subjects with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2 and a moderate-vigorous physical activity level. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to ensure that this profile benefits more than others from this intervention and to investigate modifications of this intervention to achieve a global effect. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03175614; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03175614. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1097/MD.0000000000009633
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lugones-Sanchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Sanchez-Calavera
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IISA), Department of Internal Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Repiso-Gento
- Valladolid Rural Health Center I. Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esther G Adalia
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Agudo-Conde
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Angel Gomez-Marcos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose I Recio-Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Ortiz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | -
- Spanish Research Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion in Primary Care (REDIAPP), Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Zouhal H, Ben Abderrahman A, Khodamoradi A, Saeidi A, Jayavel A, Hackney AC, Laher I, Algotar AM, Jabbour G. Effects of physical training on anthropometrics, physical and physiological capacities in individuals with obesity: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13039. [PMID: 32383553 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the amount of physical activity is an important strategy for weight loss. This systematic review summarizes recent findings on the effects of physical training on anthropometric characteristics, physical performances and physiological capacities in individuals with overweight and obesity. A systematic literature search strategy was conducted from inception until June 2019 using four electronic databases that identified 2,708 records. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 116 studies were included in our final analysis. Both aerobic (e.g., endurance training) and anaerobic training (e.g., high-intensity training, resistance training) improved body composition and physical fitness indicators in adults, adolescents and children with obesity (effect size: 0.08 < d < 2.67, trivial to very large). This systematic review suggests that both low- and high-intensity training significantly reduced body weight and fat mass while increasing fat-free mass in individuals with obesity (effect size: 0.04 <d <3.2, trivial to very large). A significant increase in VO2max also occurs in individuals with obesity in response to aerobic training or high-intensity interval training (effect size: 0.13 < d < 6.24, trivial to very large). Further studies are needed to define the optimal combination of training intensity and duration needed to produce the most efficacious results in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), Rennes, France
| | | | - Arash Khodamoradi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Chengalpattu (DT), India
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology& Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amit M Algotar
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Georges Jabbour
- Department of Sport Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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18
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Schantz P, Salier Eriksson J, Rosdahl H. Perspectives on Exercise Intensity, Volume and Energy Expenditure in Habitual Cycle Commuting. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:65. [PMID: 33345056 PMCID: PMC7739755 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knowledge about exercise intensity and energy expenditure combined with trip frequency and duration is necessary for interpreting the character and potential influencing capacity of habitual cycle commuting on e.g., health outcomes. It needs to be investigated with validated methods, which is the purpose of this study. Methods: Ten male and 10 female middle-aged habitual commuter cyclists were studied at rest and with maximal exercise tests on a cycle ergometer and a treadmill in the laboratory. During their normal commute in the Stockholm County, Sweden, their oxygen uptake, heart rate, energy expenditure, ventilation, blood lactate, rated perceived exertion, number of stops, durations, route distances and cycling velocities were monitored with validated methods. The frequency of trips was self-reported. Results: The relative exercise intensity was 65% of maximal oxygen uptake, and the energy expenditure was 0.46 kcal per km and kg body weight for both sexes. Sex differences in MET-values (men, 8.7; women 7.4) mirrored higher levels of cycling speed (20%), body weight (29%), oxygen uptake (54%) and ventilation (51%) in men compared to women. The number of METhours per week during peak cycling season averaged 40 for the men and 28 for the women. It corresponded to a total energy expenditure of about 3,500 and 1,880 kcal for men and women, respectively. The number of trips per year was about 370, and the annual distance cycled was on average 3,500 km for men and 2,300 for women. Conclusion: Cycle commuting is characterized by equal relative aerobic intensity levels and energy requirements for a given distance cycled by men and women. Based on an overall evaluation, it represents a lower range within the vigorous intensity category. The combined levels of oxygen uptake, durations and trip frequencies lead to high levels of METhours and energy expenditure in both men and women during both peak cycling season as well as over the year. Overall, the study presents a novel basis for interpreting cycle commuting in relation to various health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schantz
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Salier Eriksson
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Rosdahl
- Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment, The Åstrand Laboratory and Laboratory of Applied Sport Science, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fernandez La Puente de Battre MD, Neumeier LM, Ensslin C, Loidl M, Gräni C, Schmied C, Reich B, Niebauer J, Niederseer D. What it takes to recruit 77 subjects for a one-year study on active commuting. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1090-1095. [PMID: 32285530 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores Fernandez La Puente de Battre
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luis Moritz Neumeier
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ensslin
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Loidl
- Department of Geoinformatics, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schmied
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Reich
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Niebauer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Niederseer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Vaara JP, Vasankari T, Fogelholm M, Koski H, Kyröläinen H. Cycling but not walking to work or study is associated with physical fitness, body composition and clustered cardiometabolic risk in young men. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000668. [PMID: 32153983 PMCID: PMC7047505 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Active commuting is an inexpensive and accessible form of physical activity and may be beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of active commuting and its subcomponents, cycling and walking, with cardiometabolic risk factors, physical fitness and body composition in young men. Methods Participants were 776 Finnish young (26±7 years), healthy adult men. Active commuting was measured with self-report. Waist circumference was measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. Aerobic fitness was measured with bicycle ergometer and muscular fitness with maximal leg and bench press, sit-ups, push-ups and standing long jump. Cardiometabolic risk factors were analysed from blood samples and selected variables (glucose, insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were further converted to z-score to form clustered cardiometabolic risk. Results A total of 24% used active commuting consisting of 10% of walkers and 14% of cyclists. After adjustments for age, smoking, time of year, leisure-time and occupational physical activities, cycling was inversely associated with the clustered cardiometabolic risk (β=−0.11, 95% CI −0.22 to −0.01), while walking was not (β=−0.04, 95% CI −0.16 to 0.08). However, further adjustment for waist circumference attenuated the associations to non-significant. Moreover, cycling but not walking was inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference and maximal strength, while a positive association was observed with aerobic fitness (p<0.05). Conclusion This study shows that cycling to work or study has beneficial associations to clustered cardiometabolic risk, body composition and aerobic fitness in young, healthy adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani P Vaara
- The Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Koski
- Training Division, Defence Command, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Abstract
Accumulating knowledge on the biology and function of the adipose tissue has led to a major shift in our understanding of its role in health and disease. The adipose tissue is now recognized as a crucial regulator of cardiovascular health, mediated by the secretion of several bioactive products, including adipocytokines, microvesicles and gaseous messengers, with a wide range of endocrine and paracrine effects on the cardiovascular system. The adipose tissue function and secretome are tightly controlled by complex homeostatic mechanisms and local cell-cell interactions, which can become dysregulated in obesity. Systemic or local inflammation and insulin resistance lead to a shift in the adipose tissue secretome from anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic towards a pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic profile. Moreover, the interplay between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system is bidirectional, with vascular-derived and heart-derived signals directly affecting adipose tissue biology. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge of the biology and regional variability of adipose tissue in humans, deciphering the complex molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system, and their possible clinical translation. In addition, we highlight the latest developments in adipose tissue imaging for cardiovascular risk stratification and discuss how therapeutic targeting of the adipose tissue can improve prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Huang WC, Lee MC, Lee CC, Ng KS, Hsu YJ, Tsai TY, Young SL, Lin JS, Huang CC. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Physiological Adaptation, Performance, and Body Composition in Healthy Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112836. [PMID: 31752370 PMCID: PMC6893516 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been rapidly developed for health promotion, but clinical validation of the effects on exercise physiology has been limited. In a previous study, Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10), isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage as a probiotic, was demonstrated to improve exercise performance in an animal model. Thus, in the current study, we attempted to further validate the physiological function and benefits through clinical trials for the purpose of translational research. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. A total of 54 healthy participants (27 men and 27 women) aged 20–30 years without professional athletic training were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo, low (3 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)), and high dose (9 × 1010 CFU) TWK10 administration groups (n = 18 per group, with equal sexes). The functional and physiological assessments were conducted by exhaustive treadmill exercise measurements (85% VO2max), and related biochemical indices were measured before and after six weeks of administration. Fatigue-associated indices, including lactic acid, blood ammonia, blood glucose, and creatinine kinase, were continuously monitored during 30 min of exercise and a 90 min rest period using fixed intensity exercise challenges (60% VO2max) to understand the physiological adaptation. The systemic inflammation and body compositions were also acquired and analyzed during the experimental process. The results showed that TWK10 significantly elevated the exercise performance in a dose-dependent manner and improved the fatigue-associated features correlated with better physiological adaptation. The change in body composition shifted in the healthy direction for TWK10 administration groups, especially for the high TWK10 dose group, which showed that body fat significantly decreased and muscle mass significantly increased. Taken together, our results suggest that TWK10 has the potential to be an ergogenic aid to improve aerobic endurance performance via physiological adaptation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Ker-Sin Ng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - San-Land Young
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6955680 (J.-S.L.); +886-3-3283201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6955680 (J.-S.L.); +886-3-3283201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
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Kuwahara K, Noma H, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Mizoue T. Association of changes in commute mode with body mass index and visceral adiposity: a longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:101. [PMID: 31694716 PMCID: PMC6836489 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective data are sparse for active commuting to work and body weight in Asia. We assessed the association of 5-year changes in commuting mode with body mass index (BMI) and the indicators of abdominal obesity in Japanese working adults. METHODS In this longitudinal study, we studied 29,758 participants (25,808 men and 3950 women) in Japan aged 30 to 64 years at baseline who underwent further health examination 5 years after the baseline examination. Changes in BMI were calculated from objectively measured body height and weight at baseline and follow-up examination. Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas and waist circumference measured by computed tomography scans were used as indicators for abdominal adiposity. Linear regression was applied to estimate the association of changes in commuting mode with the obesity outcomes. RESULTS Within the 5-year study period, adults who maintained inactive commuting gained weight, and compared with this group, adults who switched to inactive commuting had higher weight gain; conversely, adults who switched to active or public transportation commuting and especially those who maintained active or public transportation commuting experienced less weight gain. Subgroup analysis showed similar tendency across the different transitions of leisure-time exercise or occupational physical activity. For example, among adults who maintained no exercise (n = 16,087), the adjusted mean (95% confidence intervals) of the BMI change over 5 years in kg/m2 were 0.27 (0.24 to 0.30) for maintained inactive commuting group (reference), 0.34 (0.30 to 0.38) for switching to inactive commuting group (P = 0.046), 0.20 (0.18 to 0.22) for switching to active commuting or public transportation group (P = 0.001), and 0.09 (0.06 to 0.13) for maintained active commuting or public transportation group (P < 0.001). Maintained inactive commuting tended to be associated with larger gain in abdominal adiposity indicators. CONCLUSION Switching from inactive commuting mode to more physically active commuting mode and maintaining active commuting can promote body weight control among working adults across different levels of occupational or leisure-time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Noma
- The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sener IN, Lee K, Durand CP, Oluyomi AO, Kohl HW. Intention to use light-rail transit in Houston, Texas, United States: Findings from the Travel-Related Activity in Neighborhoods study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION 2019; 14:944-955. [PMID: 33013246 PMCID: PMC7531275 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2019.1663962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the Houston Travel-Related Activity in Neighborhoods (TRAIN) study, this study examined how various factors affect whether individuals intend to use newly opened light-rail transit (LRT) lines in Houston. The Houston TRAIN study is a natural experiment on the effect of new LRT lines on both transit use and physical activity. A mixed binary logit model was developed based on a dichotomous dependent variable and rich set of variables, including sociodemographic factors, health status, travel behavior and technology, and attitudes and perceptions. The mixed model also allowed accounting for the unobserved heterogeneity across individuals in their sensitivity to observed variables. The results indicated the important role of various factors influencing the decision on intent to use the new LRT lines. In general, demographics mattered but to a lower extent than psychological or personality-related variables. For example, attitudes and perceptions toward the public transit system and consciousness of physical activities derived by using public transit were important factors. Personal health constraints negatively influenced intention to use, while experience with the public transport system was among the positive indicators. The findings show the potential of future interventions in this community to promote use of the new system, such as educational campaigns that improve perceptions of public transit use and clarify the benefits of being active. While providing growing evidence that cognitive variables are important in measuring intention to use public transit, the results emphasize the positive role of efforts integrating transportation and health to develop effective and sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipek N. Sener
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kyuhyun Lee
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Casey P. Durand
- University of Texas Health Science Center—Houston, School of Public Health, Dept. of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abiodun O. Oluyomi
- Department of Medicine, Environmental Health Service, Section of General Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harold W. Kohl
- University of Texas Health Science Center—Houston, Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas at Austin, Dept. of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, Texas, USA
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Structured exercise alters the gut microbiota in humans with overweight and obesity-A randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:125-135. [PMID: 31467422 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest that exercise affects the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, yet this has not been investigated in a randomized controlled trial. The primary aim of this study was to assess if exercise alters the diversity, composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota in free-living humans. A secondary aim was to test whether alpha diversity was associated with phenotypical outcomes. METHODS Eighty eight participants with overweight or obesity completed a 6-month randomized controlled trial with 4 arms; habitual living (CON), active commuting by bike (BIKE) and leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD) or vigorous intensity (VIG). Faecal samples for 16 s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing were collected prior to randomization and again after 3 and 6 months, with simultaneous registration of phenotypical outcomes and diet. RESULTS Shannon's diversity index increased by 5% in VIG (CI95 1-9%, P = 0.012) at 3 months compared with CON. No associations were observed between alpha diversity and phenotypical outcomes. Beta diversity changed in all exercise groups compared with CON, particularly the participants in VIG showed decreased heterogeneity. No genera changed significantly. The inferred functional potential of the microbiota in the exercise groups was increased, primarily at 3 months and in MOD. CONCLUSION Structured exercise induced subtle changes to the human gut microbiota. Cardiorespiratory fitness and fat mass were not associated with alpha diversity.
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Grøntved A, Rasmussen MG, Blond K, Østergaard L, Andersen ZJ, Møller NC. Bicycling for Transportation and Recreation in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-019-0623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tarp J, Støle AP, Blond K, Grøntved A. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1129-1142. [PMID: 31011778 PMCID: PMC6560020 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The study aimed to quantitatively summarise the dose-response relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength on the one hand and risk of type 2 diabetes on the other and estimate the hypothetical benefits associated with population-wide changes in the distribution of fitness. METHODS We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis. The PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from inception dates to 12 December 2018 for cohort studies examining the association of cardiorespiratory fitness or muscular strength with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in adults. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Twenty-two studies of cardiorespiratory fitness and 13 studies of muscular strength were included in the systematic review with both exposures having ten estimates available for the primary adiposity- or body size-controlled meta-analysis. In random-effects meta-analysis including 40,286 incident cases of type 2 diabetes in 1,601,490 participants, each 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with an 8% (95% CI 6%, 10%) lower RR of type 2 diabetes. The association was linear throughout the examined spectrum of cardiorespiratory fitness. In 39,233 cases and 1,713,468 participants each 1 SD higher muscular strength was associated with a 13% (95% CI 6%, 19%) lower RR of type 2 diabetes. We estimated that 4% to 21% of new annual cases of type 2 diabetes among 45-64-year-olds could be prevented by feasible and plausible population cardiorespiratory fitness changes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Relatively small increments in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength were associated with clinically meaningful reductions in type 2 diabetes risk with indication of a linear dose-response relationship for cardiorespiratory fitness. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42017064526).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Tarp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas P Støle
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Blond
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Blond MB, Schnurr TM, Rosenkilde M, Quist JS, Gram AS, Reichkendler MH, Auerbach PL, Nordby P, Skovgaard LT, Ribel-Madsen R, Justesen JM, Kilpeläinen TO, Ploug T, Stallknecht BM, Hansen T. PPARG Pro12Ala Ala carriers exhibit greater improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity in response to 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:254-260. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ala allele of PPARG Pro12Ala ( rs1801282 ) is associated with greater improvements to the glucose metabolism in exercise studies, but whether this extends to peripheral insulin sensitivity is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of PPARG Pro12Ala on exercise-induced changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity. A total of 124 (91 Pro homozygotes and 33 Ala carriers) previously physically inactive healthy young men and women with overweight or class 1 obesity who completed a 12 wk aerobic exercise intervention were included in the analysis. All participants underwent a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp before and after the 12 wk intervention. The prescribed exercise frequency was 5–7 days/wk, and the exercise energy expenditure was 2,100 4,200 kcal/wk for men and 1,600 kcal/wk for women. Insulin sensitivity improved significantly in both genotype groups. However, Ala carriers had a 1.13-fold (95% confidence interval 1.01; 1.26, P = 0.032) greater improvement in insulin sensitivity from baseline compared with Pro homozygotes. Our data support that PPARG Pro12Ala modifies the effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bæk Blond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresia Maria Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michala Holm Reichkendler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Landrock Auerbach
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Nordby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Theil Skovgaard
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Marie Justesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas Oskari Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkil Ploug
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Merete Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Blond MB, Rosenkilde M, Gram AS, Tindborg M, Christensen AN, Quist JS, Stallknecht BM. How does 6 months of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise affect insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal fat? A randomised controlled trial in individuals with overweight and obesity. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:1183-1192. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes).Methods188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity were recruited. In the 6-month trial, 130 participants were randomised to either: no intervention (CON), active commuting (BIKE) or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, 50% VO2peak) or vigorous (VIG, 70% VO2peak) intensity. 100 completed follow-up testing. Exercise prescription was 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1600 kcal for women and 2100 kcal for men. Testing was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (ml/min/pmol insulin/L) increased (improved) by 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%, p=0.01) in VIG compared with CON at 3 months. Peripheral insulin sensitivity increased (improved) by 20% in BIKE (95% CI 1% to 43%, p=0.04) and 26% in VIG (95% CI 7% to 47%, p<0.01) compared with CON at 6 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in all exercise groups compared with CON at 6 months; but the increase was higher in those that undertook vigorous exercise than those who did moderate exercise. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass diminished across all exercise groups in comparison to CON at 6 months.ConclusionsActive bike commuting improved cardiometabolic health; as did leisure-time exercise. Leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity conferred more rapid effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as additional effects on cardiorespiratory fitness than did moderate intensity exercise.Trial registrationNCT01962259
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Rasmussen MG, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Jensen MK, Østergaard L, Grøntved A. Changes in Cycling and Incidence of Overweight and Obesity among Danish Men and Women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:1413-1421. [PMID: 29443821 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of several noncommunicable diseases and are a growing public health issue. The primary purpose of the current study was to investigate incidence of overweight and obesity according to 5-yr cycling habits. The secondary purpose was to investigate incidence of remission from overweight and obesity according to 5-yr cycling habits. METHODS We analyzed 9014 men and 8661 women without chronic disease who between 1993 and 2003 completed two assessments approximately 5 yr apart. At both assessments, participants reported habitual cycling habits. Also, body weight and waist circumference were measured by a laboratory technician at baseline and self-assessed at second examination. We computed multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for development of and remission from abdominal and general overweight and obesity, according to 5-yr cycling habits. RESULTS Continued cycling was associated with lower odds for incidence of abdominal (men, >102 cm; women, >88 cm) and incidence of general (body mass index ≥30 kg·m) obesity; compared with no cycling, OR (95% CI) values were 0.82 (0.74-0.91) and 0.74 (0.60-0.92) for abdominal and general obesity, respectively. Also, those who initiated cycling had lower odds for incidence of abdominal obesity; OR (95% CI) was 0.85 (0.73-1.00) relative to no cycling. Although we found no evidence of remission from abdominal and general overweight and obesity according to 5-yr cycling habits, those who continued cycling had significantly larger decreases in waist circumference relative to noncyclists (β coefficient (95% CI), -0.95 cm (-1.56 to -0.33 cm)). CONCLUSIONS Continued cycling compared with no cycling was associated with lower odds for abdominal and general obesity. Also, late-in-life initiation of cycling was associated with lower odds for abdominal obesity relative to no cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gillies Rasmussen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DENMARK.,Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK
| | | | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
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Quist JS, Blond MB, Gram AS, Steenholt CB, Janus C, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Sjödin A, Stallknecht B, Rosenkilde M. Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:941-951. [PMID: 30605397 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20-45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak)-reserve, n = 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V̇o2peak-reserve, n = 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (-22%, P < 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE ( P < 0.05) and VIG ( P = 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD ( P = 0.02) and VIG ( P < 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger ( P = 0.01) and prospective food consumption ( P = 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher ( P ≤ 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower ( P = 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE ( P = 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Charlotte Janus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Quist JS, Rosenkilde M, Gram AS, Blond MB, Holm-Petersen D, Hjorth MF, Stallknecht B, Sjödin A. Effects of Exercise Domain and Intensity on Sleep in Women and Men with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2019; 2019:2189034. [PMID: 31089425 PMCID: PMC6476111 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2189034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate sleep is associated with cardiometabolic risk and adiposity. Exercise has been suggested as an efficient strategy to improve sleep; however, the effects of different types of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity are not well understood. We examined effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight or obesity. 130 physically inactive adults (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity (body mass index: 25-35 kg/m2) were randomized to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting by bike (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate intensity (MOD, 50% VO2peak-reserve, n = 39) or vigorous intensity (VIG, 70% VO2peak-reserve, n = 38), 5 days/week. Sleep was assessed from 7-day/night accelerometry and questionnaires at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. 92 participants were included in a per protocol analysis. At 3 months, sleep duration was longer in VIG (29 min/night [3; 55] (mean [95% CI]), p=0.03) but not in BIKE and MOD (p ≥ 0.11) compared with CON and was not different between groups at 6 months (p ≥ 0.36 vs. CON). At 6 months, sleep duration variability was lower in MOD (-31% [-50; -3], p=0.03) and numerically lower in VIG (-28% [-49; 1], p=0.06) relative to CON but was unchanged in BIKE (p=0.17 vs. CON). The effects were, however, primarily attributable to shorter and more irregular sleep in CON over time. Our findings suggest that effects of exercise on sleep in individuals with overweight and obesity may be restricted to leisure-time exercise with a short-term effect on sleep duration after vigorous intensity exercise (3 months) but a more regular sleep pattern after 6 months of moderate and vigorous intensity exercise compared with physically inactive controls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with ID NCT01962259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Holm-Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Westerterp KR. Exercise, energy balance and body composition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1246-1250. [PMID: 30185845 PMCID: PMC6125254 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activity-induced energy expenditure, as determined by the activity pattern including exercise, is the most variable component of daily energy expenditure. Here, the focus is on effects of exercise training on energy balance and body composition in subjects with a sedentary or light-active lifestyle. Then, exercise training induces an energy imbalance consistently lower than prescribed energy expenditure from exercise. Additionally, individual responses are highly variable and decrease in time. Combining the results from 23 exercise training studies in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects, varying in duration from 2 to 64 weeks, showed an average initial energy imbalance of about 2 MJ/day with an exponential decline to nearly zero after about 1 year. A compensatory increase in energy intake is the most likely explanation for the lower than expected effect of exercise on energy balance. Overall, exercise training results in a healthier body composition as reflected by a reduction of body fat, especially in overweight and obese subjects, with little or no long-term effect on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas R Westerterp
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Gram AS, Petersen MB, Quist JS, Rosenkilde M, Stallknecht B, Bladbjerg EM. Effects of 6 Months of Active Commuting and Leisure-Time Exercise on Fibrin Turnover in Sedentary Individuals with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Obes 2018; 2018:7140754. [PMID: 29887998 PMCID: PMC5977059 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7140754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and exercise constitute important factors for cardiovascular disease risk, but the long-term effects of different exercise modalities on haemostatic biomarkers are not well elucidated. We investigated the effects of 6 months of active commuting or leisure-time exercise on measures of fibrin turnover in individuals who are overweight and obese. Ninety younger (20-40 years), sedentary, healthy women and men who are overweight and obese (BMI: 25-35 kg/m2) were randomised to 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n=16), active commuting (BIKE, n=19), or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, ∼50% VO2peak reserve, n=31) or vigorous intensity (VIG, ∼70% VO2peak reserve, n=24). Fasting blood samples (baseline and 3 and 6 months) were analysed for cholesterols and triglycerides, thrombin generation, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, D-dimer, fibrin clot properties, and fibrinolytic activity. We observed no differences between CON, BIKE, MOD, and VIG during the intervention and no time effects for any of the variables measured despite increased VO2peak in all exercise groups. We found no difference between CON and all exercise groups combined and no gender-specific effects of exercise. Our findings suggest that thrombin generation capacity, coagulation activation, fibrin clot structure, and lysability are unaffected by long-term active commuting and leisure-time exercise in women and men who are overweight and obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Bæk Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Stallknecht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else-Marie Bladbjerg
- Unit for Thrombosis Research, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital of South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
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