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Rincon Sabatino S, Rivero A, Sangaletti R, Dietrich WD, Hoffer ME, King CS, Rajguru SM. Targeted therapeutic hypothermia protects against noise induced hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1296458. [PMID: 38292902 PMCID: PMC10826421 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1296458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exposure to occupational or recreational loud noise activates multiple biological regulatory circuits and damages the cochlea, causing permanent changes in hearing sensitivity. Currently, no effective clinical therapy is available for the treatment or mitigation of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Here, we describe an application of localized and non-invasive therapeutic hypothermia and targeted temperature management of the inner ear to prevent NIHL. Methods We developed a custom-designed cooling neck collar to reduce the temperature of the inner ear by 3-4°C post-injury to deliver mild therapeutic hypothermia. Results This localized and non-invasive therapeutic hypothermia successfully mitigated NIHL in rats. Our results show that mild hypothermia can be applied quickly and safely to the inner ear following noise exposure. We show that localized hypothermia after NIHL preserves residual hearing and rescues noise-induced synaptopathy over a period of months. Discussion This study establishes a minimally-invasive therapeutic paradigm with a high potential for rapid translation to the clinic for long-term preservation of hearing health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Rivero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Rachele Sangaletti
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Michael E. Hoffer
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | | | - Suhrud M. Rajguru
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
- RestorEar Devices LLC, Bozeman, MT, United States
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Wang Y, Yin Q, Yang D, Jin H, Yao Y, Song J, Liu C, Nie Y, Yin H, Wang W, Xu B, Xue L, Ji X, Chen X, Zhao H. LCP1 knockdown in monocyte-derived macrophages: mitigating ischemic brain injury and shaping immune cell signaling and metabolism. Theranostics 2024; 14:159-175. [PMID: 38164159 PMCID: PMC10750214 DOI: 10.7150/thno.88678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Ischemic stroke poses a significant health burden with limited treatment options. Lymphocyte Cytosolic Protein 1 (LCP1) facilitates cell migration and immune responses by aiding in actin polymerization, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and phagocytosis. We have demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Maclpil silencing in monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDMs) led to LCP1 inhibition, reducing ischemic brain damage. However, the role of LCP1 of MoDMs in ischemic stroke remains unknown. Methods and Results: We investigated the impact of LCP1 on ischemic brain injury and immune cell signaling and metabolism. We found that knockdown of LCP1 in MoDMs demonstrated robust protection against ischemic infarction and improved neurological behaviors in mice. Utilizing the high-dimensional CyTOF technique, we demonstrated that knocking down LCP1 in MoDMs led to a reduction in neuroinflammation and attenuation of lymphopenia, which is linked to immunodepression. It also showed altered immune cell signaling by modulating the phosphorylation levels of key kinases and transcription factors, including p-PLCg2, p-ERK1/2, p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p4E-BP1 as well as transcription factors like p-STAT1, p-STAT3, and p-STAT4. Further bioinformatic analysis indicated that Akt and EGFR are particularly involved in fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis. Indeed, single-cell sequencing analysis confirmed that enrichment of fatty acid and glycolysis metabolism in Lcp1high monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, Lcp1high cells exhibited enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, chemotaxis, migration, and ATP biosynthesis pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed the role of LCP1 in regulating mitochondrial function and fatty acid uptake. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of LCP1 in the context of ischemic stroke and provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting LCP1 and metabolic pathways, aiming to attenuating neuroinflammation and lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Stanford, USA
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Decao Yang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Jin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, The College of forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Stanford, USA
| | - Jibing Song
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, China
| | - Cuiying Liu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Stanford, USA
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Khaing ZZ, Chen JY, Safarians G, Ezubeik S, Pedroncelli N, Duquette RD, Prasse T, Seidlits SK. Clinical Trials Targeting Secondary Damage after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3824. [PMID: 36835233 PMCID: PMC9960771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often causes loss of sensory and motor function resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life for patients. Currently, no therapies are available that can repair spinal cord tissue. After the primary SCI, an acute inflammatory response induces further tissue damage in a process known as secondary injury. Targeting secondary injury to prevent additional tissue damage during the acute and subacute phases of SCI represents a promising strategy to improve patient outcomes. Here, we review clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics expected to mitigate secondary injury, focusing primarily on those in the last decade. The strategies discussed are broadly categorized as acute-phase procedural/surgical interventions, systemically delivered pharmacological agents, and cell-based therapies. In addition, we summarize the potential for combinatorial therapies and considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sohib Ezubeik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicolas Pedroncelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Duquette
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tobias Prasse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Justice CN, Zhu X, Li J, O'Donnell JM, Vanden Hoek TL. Intra-ischemic hypothermia cardioprotection involves modulation of PTEN/Akt/ERK signaling and fatty acid oxidation. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15611. [PMID: 36807889 PMCID: PMC9938006 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) provides cardioprotection from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it remains unknown how TH regulates metabolic recovery. We tested the hypothesis that TH modulates PTEN, Akt, and ERK1/2, and improves metabolic recovery through mitigation of fatty acid oxidation and taurine release. Left ventricular function was monitored continuously in isolated rat hearts subjected to 20 min of global, no-flow ischemia. Moderate cooling (30°C) was applied at the start of ischemia and hearts were rewarmed after 10 min of reperfusion. The effect of TH on protein phosphorylation and expression at 0 and 30 min of reperfusion was investigated by western blot analysis. Post-ischemic cardiac metabolism was investigated by 13 C-NMR. TH enhanced recovery of cardiac function, reduced taurine release, and enhanced PTEN phosphorylation and expression. Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 was increased at the end of ischemia but decreased at the end of reperfusion. On NMR analysis, TH-treated hearts displayed decreased fatty acid oxidation. Direct cardioprotection by moderate intra-ischemic TH is associated with decreased fatty acid oxidation, reduced taurine release, enhanced PTEN phosphorylation and expression, and enhanced activation of both Akt and ERK1/2 prior to reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody N. Justice
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - J. Michael O'Donnell
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Terry L. Vanden Hoek
- Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Center for Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Zhang M, Duan X, Wang L, Wen J, Fang P. Deregulation of HSF1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response promotes cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. FEBS J 2022; 290:2706-2720. [PMID: 36536996 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia can induce apoptotic cell death in many cancer cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that impaired endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER ) increased animal survival after cold shock. Consistently, in normal human lung cells, decreasing culture temperature from 37 to 30 °C activated UPRER and promoted cell death. However, lung adenocarcinoma cells were impaired in UPRER induction and resistant to hypothermia-induced cell death. Mechanistically, hypothermic stress increased HSF1 levels, which in turn activated UPRER to promote apoptotic cell death. HSF1 expression was associated with UPRER genes in normal tissues, but such association was lost in many cancers, especially lung adenocarcinoma. Activating UPRER enhanced the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs cisplatin preferentially in cancer cells. Consistently, cancer patients with higher UPRER expression had generally better prognosis. Together, our study on hypothermia has led to the discovery of HSF1-UPRER in the regulation of drug sensitivity in lung cancer cells, providing novel thoughts on developing new strategies against chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, China
| | - Pingfei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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You JS, Kim JY, Yenari MA. Therapeutic hypothermia for stroke: Unique challenges at the bedside. Front Neurol 2022; 13:951586. [PMID: 36262833 PMCID: PMC9575992 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.951586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia has shown promise as a means to improving neurological outcomes at several neurological conditions. At the clinical level, it has been shown to improve outcomes in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest and in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, but has yet to be convincingly demonstrated in stroke. While numerous preclinical studies have shown benefit in stroke models, translating this to the clinical level has proven challenging. Major obstacles include cooling patients with typical stroke who are awake and breathing spontaneously but often have significant comorbidities. Solutions around these problems include selective brain cooling and cooling to lesser depths or avoiding hyperthermia. This review will cover the mechanisms of protection by therapeutic hypothermia, as well as recent progress made in selective brain cooling and the neuroprotective effects of only slightly lowering brain temperature. Therapeutic hypothermia for stroke has been shown to be feasible, but has yet to be definitively proven effective. There is clearly much work to be undertaken in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Sung You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Midori A. Yenari
- Department of Neurology, The San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Midori A. Yenari
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Oh JS, Park J, Kim K, Jeong HH, Oh YM, Choi S, Choi KH. HSP70-mediated neuroprotection by combined treatment of valproic acid with hypothermia in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253328. [PMID: 34138955 PMCID: PMC8211226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that valproic acid (VPA) combined with therapeutic hypothermia can improve survival and neurologic outcomes in a rat asphyxial cardiac arrest model. However, neuroprotective mechanisms of such combined treatment of valproic acid with hypothermia remains unclear. We hypothesized that epigenetic regulation of HSP70 by histone acetylation could increase HSP70-mediated neuroprotection suppressed under hypothermia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from asphyxial cardiac arrest were randomized to four groups: normothermia (37°C ± 1°C), hypothermia (33°C ± 1°C), normothermia + VPA (300 mg/kg IV initiated 5 minutes post-ROSC and infused over 20 min), and hypothermia + VPA. Three hours after ROSC, acetyl-histone H3 was highly expressed in VPA-administered groups (normothermia + VPA, hypothermia + VPA). Four hours after ROSC, HSP70 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in normothermic groups (normothermia, normothermia + VPA) than in hypothermic groups (hypothermia, hypothermia + VPA). The hypothermia + VPA group showed significantly higher HSP70 mRNA expression than the hypothermia group. Similarly, at five hours after ROSC, HSP70 protein levels were significantly higher in normothermic groups than in hypothermic groups. HSP70 levels were significantly higher in the hypothermia + VPA group than in the hypothermia group. Only the hypothermia + VPA group showed significantly attenuated cleaved caspase-9 levels than the normothermia group. Hypothermia can attenuate the expression of HSP70 at transcriptional level. However, VPA administration can induce hyperacetylation of histone H3, leading to epigenetic transcriptional activation of HSP70 even in a hypothermic status. Combining VPA treatment with hypothermia may compensate for reduced activation of HSP70-mediated anti-apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Suk Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtaek Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwook Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
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Guo S, Cosky E, Li F, Guan L, Ji Y, Wei W, Peng C, Geng X, Ding Y. An inhibitory and beneficial effect of chlorpromazine and promethazine (C + P) on hyperglycolysis through HIF-1α regulation in ischemic stroke. Brain Res 2021; 1763:147463. [PMID: 33811844 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After ischemic stroke, the increased catabolism of glucose (hyperglycolysis) results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX). A depressive or hibernation-like effect of C + P on brain activity was reported to induce neuroprotection. The current study assesses the effect of C + P on hyperglycolysis and NOX activation. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 6 or 24 h of reperfusion. At the onset of reperfusion, rats received C + P with or without temperature control, or phloretin [glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 inhibitor], or cytochalasin B (GLUT-3 inhibitor). We detected brain ROS, apoptotic cell death, and ATP levels along with HIF-1α expression. Cerebral hyperglycolysis was measured by glucose, protein expression of GLUT-1/3, and phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), as well as lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at 6 and 24 h of reperfusion. The enzymatic activity of NOX and protein expression of its subunits (gp91phox) were detected. Neural SHSY5Y cells were placed under 2 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation for 6 and 24 h with C + P treatment. Cell viability and protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, PFK-1, LDH, and gp91phox were measured. A HIF-1α overexpression vector was transfected into the cells, and then protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, PFK-1, and LDH were quantitated. In sham-operated rats and control cells, the protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1/3, PFK-1, LDH, and gp91phox were measured at 6 and 24 h after C + P administration. RESULTS C + P reduced the protein elevations after stroke in HIF-1α, glycolytic enzymes, as well as in ROS, cell death, glucose and lactate, but raised ATP levels in the brain. In ischemic rats exposed to GLUT-1/3 inhibitors, ROS, cell death, glucose, and lactate were all decreased, as well as GLUT-1, GLUT-3, LDH, and PFK-1 protein levels. C + P decreased ischemia-induced NOX activation by reducing the enzymatic activity and protein expression of the NOX subunit gp91phox, as was observed in the presence of GLUT-1/3 inhibitors. These markers were significantly decreased following C + P administration with the induced hypothermia, while C + P administration with temperature control at 37 °C induced lesser protection after ischemia stroke. In the OGD/reoxygenation model, C + P treatment increased cell viability and diminished protein levels of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, PFK-1, LDH, and gp91phox. However, in OGD with HIF-1α overexpression, C + P was unable to effectively reduce the upregulated GLUT-1, GLUT-3, and LDH. In normal conditions, C + P reduced HIF-1α and the levels of key glycolytic enzymes depending on its pharmacological effect. CONCLUSION C + P, partially depending on hypothermia, attenuates hyperglycolysis and NOX activation through HIF-1α regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichao Guo
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Eric Cosky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Longfei Guan
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Changya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Luhe Institute of Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Research & Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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9
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Recent antiepileptic and neuroprotective applications of brain cooling. Seizure 2020; 82:80-90. [PMID: 33011591 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermia is a widely used clinical practice for neuroprotection and is a well-established method to mitigate the adverse effects of some clinical conditions such as reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in newborns. The discovery, that lowering the core temperature has a therapeutic potential dates back to the early 20th century, but the underlying mechanisms are actively researched, even today. Especially, in the area of neural disorders such as epilepsy and traumatic brain injury, cooling has promising prospects. It is well documented in animal models, that the application of focal brain cooling can effectively terminate epileptic discharges. There is, however, limited data regarding human clinical trials. In this review article, we will discuss the main aspects of therapeutic hypothermia focusing on its use in treating epilepsy. The various experimental approaches and device concepts for focal brain cooling are presented and their potential for controlling and suppressing seizure activity are compared.
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Dugan EA, Bennett C, Tamames I, Dietrich WD, King CS, Prasad A, Rajguru SM. Therapeutic hypothermia reduces cortical inflammation associated with utah array implants. J Neural Eng 2020; 17:026035. [PMID: 32240985 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab85d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroprosthetics hold tremendous promise to restore function through brain-computer interfaced devices. However, clinical applications of implantable microelectrodes remain limited given the challenges of maintaining neuronal signals for extended periods of time and with multiple biological mechanisms negatively affecting electrode performance. Acute and chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood brain barrier disruption contribute to inconsistent electrode performance. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) applied at the microelectrode insertion site will positively modulate both inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, promoting neuroprotection and improved performance in the long-term. APPROACH A custom device and thermoelectric system were designed to deliver controlled TH locally to the cortical implant site at the time of microelectrode array insertion and immediately following surgery. The TH paradigm was derived from in vivo cortical temperature measurements and finite element modeling of temperature distribution profiles in the cortex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with non-functional Utah microelectrodes arrays (UMEA) consisting of 4 × 4 grid of 1.5 mm long parylene-coated silicon shanks. In one group, TH was applied to the implant site for two hours following the UMEA implantation, while the other group was implanted under normothermic conditions without treatment. At 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d post-implantation, mRNA expression levels for genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis were compared between normothermic and hypothermia-treated groups. MAIN RESULTS The custom system delivered controlled TH to the cortical implant site and the numerical models confirmed that the temperature decrease was confined locally. Furthermore, a one-time application of TH post UMEA insertion significantly reduced the acute inflammatory response with a reduction in the expression of inflammatory regulating cytokines and chemokines. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides evidence that acutely applied hypothermia is effective in significantly reducing acute inflammation post intracortical electrode implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dugan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
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11
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Diao MY, Zhu Y, Yang J, Xi SS, Wen X, Gu Q, Hu W. Hypothermia protects neurons against ischemia/reperfusion-induced pyroptosis via m6A-mediated activation of PTEN and the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2020; 159:25-31. [PMID: 32200003 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury often leads to irreversible neuronal injury and even death, and hypothermia is the only therapeutic method that has been proven to be effective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of hypothermia treatment on I/R injury have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of hypothermia against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced neuronal damage. Primary hippocampal neurons were exposed to H/R and were then treated with hypothermia. We observed that hypothermia significantly increased cellular viability, downregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins-including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptotic speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), cleaved Caspase-1, and Gasdermin-D (GsdmD) p30-and reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18. Additionally, pretreatment with MCC950, a specific small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, yielded a protective effect on cellular viability that was comparable to that of hypothermia treatment. Furthermore, hypothermia also significantly elevated the expression level of phosphatase and tensin homologous protein (PTEN) and activated the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). These protective effects of hypothermia on pyroptosis-related proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines were partially reversed by the specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY294002. Moreover, the methylated level of PTEN mRNA was elevated in hippocampal neurons upon H/R, whereas this level remained stable in the hypothermia group. Therefore, our findings suggest that hypothermia protects neurons against neuronal H/R-induced pyroptosis, and that m6A-mediated activation of PTEN and the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway may play crucial roles during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Diao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Song Xi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Zhao J, Mu H, Liu L, Jiang X, Wu D, Shi Y, Leak RK, Ji X. Transient selective brain cooling confers neurovascular and functional protection from acute to chronic stages of ischemia/reperfusion brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1215-1231. [PMID: 30334662 PMCID: PMC6668511 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18808174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic injury can be alleviated by the judicious use of hypothermia. However, the optimal regimens and the temporal kinetics of post-stroke neurovascular responses to hypothermic intervention have not been systematically studied. These gaps slow the clinical translation of hypothermia as an anti-stroke therapy. Here, we characterized the effects of transient selective brain hypothermia (TSBH) from the hyperacute to chronic stages of focal ischemia/reperfusion brain injury induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. A simple cooling device was used to induce TSBH during cerebral ischemia. This treatment reduced mortality from 31.8% to 0% and improved neurological outcomes for at least 35 days post-injury. TSBH mitigated blood-brain barrier leakage during the hyperacute and acute injury stages (1-23 h post-reperfusion). This early protection of the blood-brain barrier was associated with anti-inflammatory phenotypic polarization of microglia/macrophages, reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and less brain infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages during the subacute injury stage (three days post-reperfusion). TSBH elicited enduring protective effects on both grey and white matter for at least 35 days post-injury and preserved the long-term electrophysiological function of fiber tracts. In conclusion, TSBH ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion injury in the neurovascular unit from hyperacute to chronic injury stages after experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hongfeng Mu
- 3 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liqiang Liu
- 2 Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- 3 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Di Wu
- 1 Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejie Shi
- 3 Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- 4 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- 1 Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 Stroke Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Kurisu K, Kim JY, You J, Yenari MA. Therapeutic Hypothermia and Neuroprotection in Acute Neurological Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5430-5455. [PMID: 31057103 PMCID: PMC6913523 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506124836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to be a robust neuroprotectant in many labs studying different models of neurological disease. Although this therapy has shown great promise, there are still challenges at the clinical level that limit the ability to apply this routinely to each pathological condition. In order to overcome issues involved in hypothermia therapy, understanding of this attractive therapy is needed. We review methodological concerns surrounding therapeutic hypothermia, introduce the current status of therapeutic cooling in various acute brain insults, and review the literature surrounding the many underlying molecular mechanisms of hypothermic neuroprotection. Because recent work has shown that body temperature can be safely lowered using pharmacological approaches, this method may be an especially attractive option for many clinical applications. Since hypothermia can affect multiple aspects of brain pathophysiology, therapeutic hypothermia could also be considered a neuroprotection model in basic research, which would be used to identify potential therapeutic targets. We discuss how research in this area carries the potential to improve outcome from various acute neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kurisu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
- Departments of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jesung You
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Midori A. Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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14
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Tahsili-Fahadan P, Farrokh S, Geocadin RG. Hypothermia and brain inflammation after cardiac arrest. Brain Circ 2018; 4:1-13. [PMID: 30276330 PMCID: PMC6057700 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cessation (ischemia) and restoration (reperfusion) of cerebral blood flow after cardiac arrest (CA) induce inflammatory processes that can result in additional brain injury. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been proven as a brain protective strategy after CA. In this article, the underlying pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury with emphasis on the role of inflammatory mechanisms is reviewed. Potential targets for immunomodulatory treatments and relevant effects of TH are also discussed. Further studies are needed to delineate the complex pathophysiology and interactions among different components of immune response after CA and identify appropriate targets for clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Tahsili-Fahadan
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Salia Farrokh
- Department of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Romergryko G Geocadin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Baicalein Rescues Delayed Cooling via Preservation of Akt Activation and Akt-Mediated Phospholamban Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040973. [PMID: 29587364 PMCID: PMC5979521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooling reduces the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury seen in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) by decreasing the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Its cardioprotection is diminished when delay in reaching the target temperature occurs. Baicalein, a flavonoid derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses antioxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that baicalein can rescue cooling cardioprotection when cooling is delayed. Two murine cardiomyocyte models, an I/R model (90 min ischemia/3 h reperfusion) and stunning model (30 min ischemia/90 min reperfusion), were used to assess cell survival and contractility, respectively. Cooling (32 °C) was initiated either during ischemia or during reperfusion. Cell viability and ROS generation were measured. Cell contractility was evaluated by real-time phase-contrast imaging. Our results showed that cooling reduced cell death and ROS generation, and this effect was diminished when cooling was delayed. Baicalein (25 µM), given either at the start of reperfusion or start of cooling, resulted in a comparable reduction of cell death and ROS production. Baicalein improved phospholamban phosphorylation, contractility recovery, and cell survival. These effects were Akt-dependent. In addition, no synergistic effect was observed with the combined treatments of cooling and baicalein. Our data suggest that baicalein may serve as a novel adjunct therapeutic strategy for SCA resuscitation.
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16
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Li J, Chang WT, Li CQ, Lee C, Huang HH, Hsu CW, Chen WJ, Zhu X, Wang CZ, Vanden Hoek TL, Shao ZH. Baicalein Preventive Treatment Confers Optimal Cardioprotection by PTEN/Akt/NO Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:987-1001. [PMID: 28760044 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a flavonoid with excellent oxidant scavenging capability. It has been reported to protect against a variety of oxidative injuries including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the optimal treatment strategy for I/R injury and the protective mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we employed an established chick cardiomyocyte model of I/R and investigated the effects of three baicalein treatment strategies on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability. The molecular signaling pathways were also explored. Compared to the I/R control (cell death 52.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]2.0%), baicalein preventive treatment (25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, pretreated for 72[Formula: see text]h and continued through I/R) conferred the best protection (19.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.9%, [Formula: see text]), followed by I/R treatment (treated during I/R) and reperfusion treatment (treated at reperfusion only). Preventive and I/R treatments almost completely abolished ROS generation during both ischemic and reperfusion phases, and increased NO production and Akt phosphorylation. Reperfusion treatment reduced the ROS burst in the early reperfusion phase only, and had no effect on NO production and Akt activation. Further, the phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a phosphatase negatively regulating Akt activation, was significantly increased by baicalein preventive treatment and slightly by the I/R treatment. PTEN protein expression was reduced in the same trend accordingly. Baicalein reperfusion treatment had no effects on PTEN phosphorylation and expression. Our results indicate that baicalein preventive treatment confers optimal cardioprotection against I/R injury, and this protection involves effective oxidant scavenging and the activation of PTEN/Akt/NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- * Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China.,† Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,‡ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunpei Lee
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hsien-Hao Huang
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,§ Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Wan Hsu
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,¶ Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- ‡ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- ∥ Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- ∥ Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Terry L Vanden Hoek
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zuo-Hui Shao
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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17
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Kurisu K, Yenari MA. Therapeutic hypothermia for ischemic stroke; pathophysiology and future promise. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:302-309. [PMID: 28830757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia, or cooling of the body or brain for the purposes of preserving organ viability, is one of the most robust neuroprotectants at both the preclinical and clinical levels. Although therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to improve outcome from related clinical conditions, the significance in ischemic stroke is still under investigation. Numerous pre-clinical studies of therapeutic hypothermia has suggested optimal cooling conditions, such as depth, duration, and temporal therapeutic window for effective neuroprotection. Several studies have also explored mechanisms underlying the mechanisms of neuroprotection by therapeutic hypothermia. As such, it appears that cooling affects multiple aspects of brain pathophysiology, and regulates almost every pathway involved in the evolution of ischemic stroke. This multifaceted mechanism is thought to contribute to its strong neuroprotective effect. In order to carry out this therapy in optimal clinical settings, methodological and pathophysiological understanding is crucial. However, more investigation is still needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this intervention, and to overcome clinical barriers which seem to preclude the routine use therapeutic hypothermia in stroke. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kurisu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Midori A Yenari
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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18
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Lee Y, Heo G, Lee KM, Kim AH, Chung KW, Im E, Chung HY, Lee J. Neuroprotective effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol in an acute model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2017; 1663:184-193. [PMID: 28322751 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurons depend on mitochondria for homeostasis and survival, and thus, mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Increasing evidence indicates the mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), protects neurons against neurodegeneration and enhances neural plasticity. Here, the authors evaluated the protective effects of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered low dose DNP in an acute mouse model of PD. Mice were administered DNP (1 or 5mg/kg) for 12 consecutive days, and then on day 13, MPTP (20mg/kg, i.p.) was administered four times (with 2h intervals between injections) to induce PD. It was found that MPTP-induced motor dysfunction was ameliorated in the DNP-treated mice versus vehicle-treated controls. Additionally, DNP effectively attenuated dopaminergic neuronal loss observed in MPTP treated mice. Moreover, in primary cultured neurons, DNP at 10μM, but not at 100μM, prevented MPP+-induced cell death and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction. In addition, DNP was observed to cause the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in primary neurons. Taken together, these findings of the present study suggest that DNP protects dopaminergic neurons against neurodegeneration and maintains MMP integrity in PD by activating adaptive stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangbeom Heo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Moon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Subirós N, Pérez-Saad H, Aldana L, Gibson CL, Borgnakke WS, Garcia-Del-Barco D. Neuroprotective effect of epidermal growth factor plus growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 resembles hypothermia in experimental stroke. Neurol Res 2016; 38:950-958. [PMID: 27665924 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1235249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined therapy with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and growth hormone-releasing peptide 6 (GHRP-6) in stroke models has accumulated evidence of neuroprotective effects from several studies, but needs further support before clinical translation. Comparing EGF + GHRP-6 to hypothermia, a gold neuroprotection standard, may contribute to this purpose. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to compare the neuroprotective effects of a combined therapy based on EGF + GHRP-6 with hypothermia in animal models of (a) global ischemia representing myocardial infarction and (b) focal brain ischemia representing ischemic stroke. METHODS (a) Global ischemia was induced in Mongolian gerbils by a 15-min occlusion of both carotid arteries, followed by reperfusion. (b) Focal brain ischemia was achieved by intracerebral injection of endothelin 1 in Wistar rats. In each experiment, three ischemic treatment groups - vehicle, EGF + GHRP-6, and hypothermia - were compared to each other and to a sham-operated control group. End points were survival, neurological scores, and infarct volume. RESULTS (a) In global ischemia, neurological score at 48-72 h, infarct volume, and neuronal density of hippocampal CA1 zone in gerbils treated with EGF + GHRP-6 were similar to the hypothermia-treated group. (b) In focal ischemia, the neurologic score and infarct volume of rats receiving EGF + GHRP-6 were also similar to animals in the hypothermia group. DISCUSSION With hypothermia being a good standard neuroprotectant reference, these results provide additional proof of principle for EGF and GHRP-6 co-administration as a potentially neuroprotective stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Subirós
- a Biomedical Research Division , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - H Pérez-Saad
- a Biomedical Research Division , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - L Aldana
- a Biomedical Research Division , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
| | - C L Gibson
- b Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
| | - W S Borgnakke
- c Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine , University of Michigan School of Dentistry , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - D Garcia-Del-Barco
- a Biomedical Research Division , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Havana , Cuba
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20
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Lv O, Zhou F, Zheng Y, Li Q, Wang J, Zhu Y. Mild hypothermia protects against early brain injury in rats following subarachnoid hemorrhage via the TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3901-7. [PMID: 27600366 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe neurological disease, which is associated with a significant number of cases of premature mortality and disability worldwide. Mild hypothermia (MH) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce neuronal injury following SAH. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of MH's protective role in the process of SAH. The present study demonstrated that MH was able to protect against early brain injury in a rat model of SAH. Treating SAH rats with MH reduced the release of reactive oxygen species and prevented activation of apoptotic cascades. Furthermore, the protective effects of MH were shown to be mediated by enhanced activity of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B/extracellular signal‑regulated kinases/cAMP response element binding protein (TrkB/ERK/CREB) pathway. Inhibition of TrkB/ERK/CREB activity using a small molecule inhibitor largely abolished the beneficial effects of MH in SAH rats. These results outline an endogenous mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of MH in SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fenggang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yongri Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jianjiao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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21
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Chen J, Zhuang Y, Zhang ZF, Wang S, Jin P, He C, Hu PC, Wang ZF, Li ZQ, Xia GM, Li G, Wang Y, Wan Q. Glycine confers neuroprotection through microRNA-301a/PTEN signaling. Mol Brain 2016; 9:59. [PMID: 27230112 PMCID: PMC4880874 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycine is known to protect against neuronal death. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The microRNA-301a is involved in both biological and pathological processes. But it is not known whether microRNA-301a has a neuroprotective property. In this study, we aimed to determine whether glycine-induced neuroprotection requires microRNA-301a-dependent signaling. Results We provided the first evidence that glycine increased the expression of microRNA-301a in cultured rat cortical neurons and protected against cortical neuronal death through up-regulation of microRNA-301a after oxygen-glucose deprivation. MicroRNA-301a directly bound the predicted 3′UTR target sites of PTEN and reduced PTEN expression in cortical neurons. We revealed that PTEN down-regulation by microRNA-301a mediated glycine-induced neuroprotective effect following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Conclusions Our results suggest that 1) microRNA-301a is neuroprotective in oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury; 2) glycine is an upstream regulator of microRNA-301a; 3) glycine confers neuroprotection through microRNA-301a/PTEN signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.,Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yang Zhuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Peng-Chao Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 169 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guang-Ming Xia
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, the Central Hospital of Huanggang, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 185 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, 169 Donghu Street, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Forreider B, Pozivilko D, Kawaji Q, Geng X, Ding Y. Hibernation-like neuroprotection in stroke by attenuating brain metabolic dysfunction. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:174-187. [PMID: 26965388 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many mammalian species naturally undergo hibernation, a process that is associated with drastic changes in metabolism and systemic physiology. Their ability to retain an undamaged central nervous system during severely reduced cerebral blood flow has been studied for possible therapeutic application in human ischemic stroke. By inducing a less extreme 'hibernation-like' state, it has been hypothesized that similar neuroprotective effects reduce ischemia-mediated tissue damage in stroke patients. This manuscript includes reviews and evaluations of: (1) true hibernation, (2) hibernation-like state and its neuroprotective characteristics, (3) the preclinical and clinical methods for induction of artificial hibernation (i.e., therapeutic hypothermia, phenothiazine drugs, and ethanol), and (4) the mechanisms by which cerebral ischemia leads to tissue damage and how the above-mentioned induction methods function to inhibit those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Forreider
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David Pozivilko
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qingwen Kawaji
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Combining Normobaric Oxygen with Ethanol or Hypothermia Prevents Brain Damage from Thromboembolic Stroke via PKC-Akt-NOX Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1263-1277. [PMID: 26820681 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In a thromboembolic stroke model after reperfusion by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), we aimed to determine whether therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and ethanol (EtOH) in combination with low concentration (60 %) of normobaric oxygen (NBO) enhanced neuroprotection, as compared to using each of these agents alone. We further aimed to elucidate a potential role of the NADPH oxidase (NOX), phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), and protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) pathway in oxidative stress and neuroprotection. In Sprague-Dawley rats, a focal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was induced by an autologous embolus in the following experimental groups: rt-PA treatment alone, rt-PA + NBO treatment, rt-PA + TH at 33 °C, rt-PA + EtOH, rt-PA + NBO + EtOH, rt-PA + NBO + TH, rt-PA + NOX inhibitor, rt-PA + EtOH + NOX inhibitor, or rt-PA + EtOH + Akt inhibitor. Control groups included sham-operated without stroke or stroke without treatment. Infarct volume and neurological deficit were assessed at 24 h after rt-PA-induced reperfusion with or without treatments. ROS levels, NOX activity, and the protein expression of NOX subunits p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, gp91phox, as well as PKC-δ and phosphorylated Akt were measured at 3 and 24 h after rt-PA-induced reperfusion. Following rt-PA in thromboembolic stroke rats, NBO combined with TH or EtOH more effectively decreased infarct volume and neurological deficit, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production than with any of the used monotherapies. NOX activity and subunit expressions were downregulated and temporally associated with reduced PKC-δ and increased p-Akt expression. The present study demonstrated that combining NBO with either TH or EtOH conferred similar neuroprotection via modulation of NOX activation. The results suggest a role of Akt in NOX activation and implicate an upstream PKC-δ pathway in the Akt regulation of NOX. It is possible to substitute EtOH for TH, thus circumventing the difficulties in clinical application of TH through the comparatively easier usage of EtOH as a potential stroke management.
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Selective inhibition of PTEN preserves ischaemic post-conditioning cardioprotection in STZ-induced Type 1 diabetic rats: role of the PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:377-92. [PMID: 26666444 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes are vulnerable to MI/R (myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion) injury, but are not responsive to IPostC (ischaemic post-conditioning) which activates PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (also known as PKB or protein kinase B) and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2)/STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathways to confer cardioprotection. We hypothesized that increased cardiac PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a major negative regulator of PI3K/Akt, is responsible for the loss of diabetic heart sensitivity to IPostC cardioprotecton. In STZ (streptozotocin)-induced Type 1 diabetic rats subjected to MI/R (30 min coronary occlusion and 120 min reperfusion), the post-ischaemic myocardial infarct size, CK-MB (creatine kinase-MB) and 15-F2t-isoprostane release, as well as cardiac PTEN expression were significantly higher than those in non-diabetic controls, concomitant with more severe cardiac dysfunction and lower cardiac Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase 3β) phosphorylation. IPostC significantly attenuated post-ischaemic infarct size, decreased PTEN expression and further increased Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β phosphorylation in non-diabetic, but not in diabetic rats. Application of the PTEN inhibitor BpV (bisperoxovanadium) (1.0 mg/kg) restored IPostC cardioprotection in diabetic rats. HPostC (hypoxic post-conditioning) in combination with PTEN gene knockdown, but not HPostC alone, significantly reduced H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) injury in cardiac H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose as was evident from reduced apoptotic cell death and JC-1 monomer in cells, accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3 and GSK-3β. PTEN inhibition/gene knockdown mediated restoration of IPostC/HPostC cardioprotection was completely reversed by the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and partially reversed by the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. Increased cardiac PTEN, by impairing PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, is a major mechanism that rendered diabetic hearts not responsive to post-conditioning cardioprotection.
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25
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Liu S, Geng X, Forreider B, Xiao Y, Kong Q, Ding Y, Ji X. Enhanced beneficial effects of mild hypothermia by phenothiazine drugs in stroke therapy. Neurol Res 2015; 37:454-60. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132815y.0000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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26
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Li J, Wang H, Zhong Q, Zhu X, Chen SJ, Qian Y, Costakis J, Bunney G, Beiser DG, Leff AR, Lewandowski ED, ÓDonnell JM, Vanden Hoek TL. A novel pharmacological strategy by PTEN inhibition for improving metabolic resuscitation and survival after mouse cardiac arrest. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1414-22. [PMID: 25795713 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00748.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a leading cause of death in the United States. Despite return of spontaneous circulation, patients die due to post-SCA syndrome that includes myocardial dysfunction, brain injury, impaired metabolism, and inflammation. No medications improve SCA survival. Our prior work suggests that optimal Akt activation is critical for cooling protection and SCA recovery. Here, we investigate a small inhibitor of PTEN, an Akt-related phosphatase present in heart and brain, as a potential therapy in improving cardiac and neurological recovery after SCA. Anesthetized adult female wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomized to pretreatment of VO-OHpic (VO) 30 min before SCA or vehicle control. Mice underwent 8 min of KCl-induced asystolic arrest followed by CPR. Resuscitated animals were hemodynamically monitored for 2 h and observed for 72 h. Outcomes included heart pressure-volume loops, energetics (phosphocreatine and ATP from (31)P NMR), protein phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and phospholamban, circulating inflammatory cytokines, plasma lactate, and glucose as measures of systemic metabolic recovery. VO reduced deterioration of left ventricular maximum pressure, maximum rate of change in the left ventricular pressure, and Petco2 and improved 72 h neurological intact survival (50% vs. 10%; P < 0.05). It reduced plasma lactate, glucose, IL-1β, and Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, while increasing IL-10. VO increased phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β in both heart and brain, and cardiac phospholamban phosphorylation while reducing p-PDH. Moreover, VO improved cardiac bioenergetic recovery. We concluded that pharmacologic PTEN inhibition enhances Akt activation, improving metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurologic recovery with increased survival after SCA. PTEN inhibitors may be a novel pharmacologic strategy for treating SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Huashan Wang
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Yuanyu Qian
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois; Emergency Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jim Costakis
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabrielle Bunney
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David G Beiser
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan R Leff
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - E Douglas Lewandowski
- Program in Integrative Cardiac Metabolism, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Michael ÓDonnell
- Program in Integrative Cardiac Metabolism, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Terry L Vanden Hoek
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois;
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27
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Dietrichs ES, Dietrichs E. Nevroprotektiv effekt av hypotermi. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2015; 135:1646-51. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.14.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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28
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Kim YN, Jung HY, Eum WS, Kim DW, Shin MJ, Ahn EH, Kim SJ, Lee CH, Yong JI, Ryu EJ, Park J, Choi JH, Hwang IK, Choi SY. Neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-carbonyl reductase 1 against oxidative-stress-induced ischemic neuronal cell damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:181-96. [PMID: 24440593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is a member of the NADPH-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily that is known to play an important role in neuronal cell survival via its antioxidant function. Oxidative stress is one of the major causes of degenerative disorders including ischemia. However, the role CBR1 plays with regard to ischemic injury is as yet poorly understood. Protein transduction domains such as PEP-1 are well known and now commonly used to deliver therapeutic proteins into cells. In this study, we prepared PEP-1-CBR1 protein and examined whether it protects against oxidative-stress-induced neuronal cell damage. PEP-1-CBR1 protein was efficiently transduced into hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells and protected against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neuronal cell death. Transduced PEP-1-CBR1 protein drastically inhibited H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production, the oxidation of intracellular macromolecules, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, as well as cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transduced PEP-1-CBR1 protein markedly protected against neuronal cell death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus resulting from ischemic injury in an animal model. In addition, PEP-1-CBR1 protein drastically reduced activation of glial cells and lipid peroxidation in an animal model. These results indicate that PEP-1-CBR1 protein significantly protects against oxidative-stress-induced neuronal cell death in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we suggest that PEP-1-CBR1 protein may be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic injuries as well as oxidative-stress-induced cell damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Nam Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Won Sik Eum
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Min Jea Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Chi Hern Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Ji In Yong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, South Korea.
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29
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Chen F, Qi Z, Luo Y, Hinchliffe T, Ding G, Xia Y, Ji X. Non-pharmaceutical therapies for stroke: mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 115:246-69. [PMID: 24407111 PMCID: PMC3969942 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is deemed a worldwide leading cause of neurological disability and death, however, there is currently no promising pharmacotherapy for acute ischemic stroke aside from intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis. Yet because of the narrow therapeutic time window involved, thrombolytic application is very restricted in clinical settings. Accumulating data suggest that non-pharmaceutical therapies for stroke might provide new opportunities for stroke treatment. Here we review recent research progress in the mechanisms and clinical implications of non-pharmaceutical therapies, mainly including neuroprotective approaches such as hypothermia, ischemic/hypoxic conditioning, acupuncture, medical gases and transcranial laser therapy. In addition, we briefly summarize mechanical endovascular recanalization devices and recovery devices for the treatment of the chronic phase of stroke and discuss the relative merits of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Taylor Hinchliffe
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guanghong Ding
- Shanghai Research Center for Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xia
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing 100053, China.
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30
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Goh CP, Putz U, Howitt J, Low LH, Gunnersen J, Bye N, Morganti-Kossmann C, Tan SS. Nuclear trafficking of Pten after brain injury leads to neuron survival not death. Exp Neurol 2013; 252:37-46. [PMID: 24275527 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is controversy whether accumulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN protein in the cell nucleus under stress conditions such as trauma and stroke causes cell death. A number of in vitro studies have reported enhanced apoptosis in neurons possessing nuclear PTEN, with the interpretation that its nuclear phosphatase activity leads to reduction of the survival protein phospho-Akt. However, there have been no in vivo studies to show that nuclear PTEN in neurons under stress is detrimental. Using a mouse model of injury, we demonstrate here that brain trauma altered the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of Pten, resulting in increased nuclear Pten but only in surviving neurons near the lesion. This event was driven by Ndfip1, an adaptor and activator of protein ubiquitination by Nedd4 E3 ligases. Neurons next to the lesion with nuclear PTEN were invariably negative for TUNEL, a marker for cell death. These neurons also showed increased Ndfip1 which we previously showed to be associated with neuron survival. Biochemical assays revealed that overall levels of Pten in the affected cortex were unchanged after trauma, suggesting that Pten abundance globally had not increased but rather Pten subcellular location in affected neurons had changed. Following experimental injury, the number of neurons with nuclear Pten was reduced in heterozygous mice (Ndfip1(+/-)) although lesion volumes were increased. We conclude that nuclear trafficking of Pten following injury leads to neuron survival not death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choo-Peng Goh
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ulrich Putz
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jason Howitt
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ley-Hian Low
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jenny Gunnersen
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicole Bye
- National Trauma Research Institute, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Seong-Seng Tan
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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31
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Wang F, Luo Y, Ling F, Wu H, Chen J, Yan F, He Z, Goel G, Ji X, Ding Y. Comparison of neuroprotective effects in ischemic rats with different hypothermia procedures. Neurol Res 2013; 32:378-83. [DOI: 10.1179/016164110x12670144526183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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32
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Bao L, Xu F. Fundamental research progress of mild hypothermia in cerebral protection. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:306. [PMID: 23888277 PMCID: PMC3710408 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Through the years, the clinical application of mild hypothermia has been carried out worldwide and is built from the exploration and cognition of neuroprotection mechanisms by hypothermia. However, within the last decade, extensive and fundamental researches in this area have been conducted. In addition to aspects of the previous findings, scholars have discovered several new contents and uncertain results. This article reviews and summarizes this decade’s progression of mild hypothermia in lowering the cerebral oxygen metabolism, protecting the blood–brain-barrier, regulating the inflammatory response, regulating the excessive release of neurotransmitters, inhibiting calcium overload, and reducing neuronal apoptosis. In many aspects, particularly in regulating inflammatory reverse reaction, various results have been reported and therefore guide scholars to conduct more detailed analysis and investigation in order to discover the inherent theories surrounding the effect of mild hypothermia, and for better clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bao
- Department of Emergency medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
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Abstract
Preservation of postoperative urinary continence remains the primary concern of all men and their surgeons following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Without doubt, continence is the most important quality of life issue following radical prostatectomy. Identification of difficulties and lessons learned over time has helped focus efforts in order to improve urinary quality of life and continence. This review will examine definitions of continence and urinary quality of life evaluation, technical aspects and the impact of patient-related factors affecting time to and overall continence.
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PTEN plasticity: how the taming of a lethal gene can go too far. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:374-9. [PMID: 23578748 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PTEN loss drives many cancers and recent genetic studies reveal that often PTEN is antagonised at the protein level without alteration of DNA or RNA expression. This scenario can already cause malignancy, because PTEN is haploinsufficient. We here review normally occurring mechanisms of PTEN protein regulation and discuss three processes where PTEN plasticity is needed: ischaemia, development, and wound healing. These situations demand transient PTEN suppression, whereas cancer exploits them for continuous proliferation and survival advantages. Therefore, increased understanding of PTEN plasticity may help us better interpret tumour development and ultimately lead to drug targets for PTEN supporting cancer therapy.
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35
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Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy after the first decade: surgical evolution or new paradigm. ISRN UROLOGY 2013; 2013:157379. [PMID: 23691367 PMCID: PMC3649202 DOI: 10.1155/2013/157379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies indicate that robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has promising short-term outcomes; however, RARP is beyond its infancy, and the long-term report cards are now beginning. The important paradigm shift introduced by RARP is the reevaluation of the entire open radical prostatectomy experience in surgical technique by minimizing blood loss and complications, maximizing cancer free outcomes, and a renewed assault in preserving quality of life outcomes by many novel mechanisms. RARP provides a new technical “canvas” for surgical masters to create upon, and in ten years, has reinvigorated a 100-year-old “gold standard” surgery.
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Jahn N, Kaisers UX. [Targeted temperature management in critical care : current 2011 recommendations]. Anaesthesist 2012; 61:550-2. [PMID: 22695778 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-012-2038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since October 2011 new guidelines exist for temperature management in critical care. According to the guidelines the term targeted temperature management (TTM) should replace the term therapeutic hypothermia. There is now a strong recommendation for TTM using 32-34°C as the preferred treatment for out-of-hospital adult cardiac arrest with a first registered electrocardiography rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia and still unconscious after restoration of spontaneous circulation. A TTM of 32.5-35.5°C is also recommended for the treatment of term newborns who sustain asphyxia and exhibit acidosis and/or encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jahn
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig (AöR), Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland
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Han HS, Park J, Kim JH, Suk K. Molecular and cellular pathways as a target of therapeutic hypothermia: pharmacological aspect. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 10:80-7. [PMID: 22942881 PMCID: PMC3286850 DOI: 10.2174/157015912799362751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced therapeutic hypothermia is the one of the most effective tools against brain injury and inflammation. Even though its beneficial effects are well known, there are a lot of pitfalls to overcome, since the potential adverse effects of systemic hypothermia are still troublesome. Without the knowledge of the precise mechanisms of hypothermia, it will be difficult to tackle the application of hypothermia in clinical fields. Better understanding of the characteristics and modes of hypothermic actions may further extend the usage of hypothermia by developing novel drugs based on the hypothermic mechanisms or by combining hypothermia with other therapeutic modalities such as neuroprotective drugs. In this review, we describe the potential therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs, with a focus on signal pathways, gene expression, and structural changes of cells. Theapeutic hypothermia has been shown to attenuate neuroinflammation by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory mediators in the central nervous system. Along with the mechanism-based drug targets, applications of therapeutic hypothermia in combination with drug treatment will also be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Soo Han
- Department of Physiology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Korea
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Arce C, Diaz-Castroverde S, Canales MJ, Marco-Contelles J, Samadi A, Oset-Gasque MJ, González MP. Drugs for stroke: action of nitrone (Z)-N-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methylpropan-2-amine oxide on rat cortical neurons in culture subjected to oxygen-glucose-deprivation. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 55:475-9. [PMID: 22858224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The action of (Z)-N-(2-bromo-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-methylpropan-2-amine oxide (RP6) on rat cortical neurons in culture, under oxygen-glucose-deprivation conditions, is reported. Cortical neurons in culture were treated during 1 h with OGD. After, they were placed under normal conditions during 24 h (reperfusion) in absence and presence of RP6. Different parameters were measured under each condition (control, 1 h OGD and 1 h OGD + reperfusion in absence and presence of RP6). RP6 protects neurons against ROS generation, lipid peroxidation levels, LDH release and mitochondrial membrane potential alteration, when administered during reperfusion after the OGD damage. Consequently, these results show that nitrone RP6 protects cells against ischemia injury produced during the reoxygenation, and could be a potential drug for the ictus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arce
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yenari MA, Han HS. Neuroprotective mechanisms of hypothermia in brain ischaemia. Nat Rev Neurosci 2012; 13:267-78. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Howitt J, Lackovic J, Low LH, Naguib A, Macintyre A, Goh CP, Callaway JK, Hammond V, Thomas T, Dixon M, Putz U, Silke J, Bartlett P, Yang B, Kumar S, Trotman LC, Tan SS. Ndfip1 regulates nuclear Pten import in vivo to promote neuronal survival following cerebral ischemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 196:29-36. [PMID: 22213801 PMCID: PMC3255971 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PTEN nuclear entry driven by ubiquitination is mediated by the ligase-interacting protein Ndfip1 and is essential for neuronal survival in mice after cerebral ischemia. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome TEN) is the major negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and has cell-specific functions including tumor suppression. Nuclear localization of PTEN is vital for tumor suppression; however, outside of cancer, the molecular and physiological events driving PTEN nuclear entry are unknown. In this paper, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic Pten was translocated into the nuclei of neurons after cerebral ischemia in mice. Critically, this transport event was dependent on a surge in the Nedd4 family–interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1), as neurons in Ndfip1-deficient mice failed to import Pten. Ndfip1 binds to Pten, resulting in enhanced ubiquitination by Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligases. In vitro, Ndfip1 overexpression increased the rate of Pten nuclear import detected by photobleaching experiments, whereas Ndfip1−/− fibroblasts showed negligible transport rates. In vivo, Ndfip1 mutant mice suffered larger infarct sizes associated with suppressed phosphorylated Akt activation. Our findings provide the first physiological example of when and why transient shuttling of nuclear Pten occurs and how this process is critical for neuron survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Howitt
- Brain Development and Regeneration Laboratory, Florey Neuroscience Institutes, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Lapchak PA. Identifying Vascular Targets to Treat Hemorrhagic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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El Ayadi A, Zigmond MJ. Low concentrations of methamphetamine can protect dopaminergic cells against a larger oxidative stress injury: mechanistic study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24722. [PMID: 22022363 PMCID: PMC3192034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild stress can protect against a larger insult, a phenomenon termed preconditioning or tolerance. To determine if a low intensity stressor could also protect cells against intense oxidative stress in a model of dopamine deficiency associated with Parkinson disease, we used methamphetamine to provide a mild, preconditioning stress, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) as a source of potentially toxic oxidative stress, and MN9D cells as a model of dopamine neurons. We observed that prior exposure to subtoxic concentrations of methamphetamine protected these cells against 6-OHDA toxicity, whereas higher concentrations of methamphetamine exacerbated it. The protection by methamphetamine was accompanied by decreased uptake of both [(3)H] dopamine and 6-OHDA into the cells, which may have accounted for some of the apparent protection. However, a number of other effects of methamphetamine exposure suggest that the drug also affected basic cellular survival mechanisms. First, although methamphetamine preconditioning decreased basal pERK1/2 and pAkt levels, it enhanced the 6-OHDA-induced increase in these phosphokinases. Second, the apparent increase in pERK1/2 activity was accompanied by increased pMEK1/2 levels and decreased activity of protein phosphatase 2. Third, methamphetamine upregulated the pro-survival protein Bcl-2. Our results suggest that exposure to low concentrations of methamphetamine cause a number of changes in dopamine cells, some of which result in a decrease in their vulnerability to subsequent oxidative stress. These observations may provide insights into the development of new therapies for prevention or treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina El Ayadi
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Zigmond
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Targeted temperature management in critical care: a report and recommendations from five professional societies. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1113-25. [PMID: 21187745 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206bab2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Representatives of five international critical care societies convened topic specialists and a nonexpert jury to review, assess, and report on studies of targeted temperature management and to provide clinical recommendations. DATA SOURCES Questions were allocated to experts who reviewed their areas, made formal presentations, and responded to questions. Jurors also performed independent searches. Sources used for consensus derived exclusively from peer-reviewed reports of human and animal studies. STUDY SELECTION Question-specific studies were selected from literature searches; jurors independently determined the relevance of each study included in the synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1) The jury opines that the term "targeted temperature management" replace "therapeutic hypothermia." 2) The jury opines that descriptors (e.g., "mild") be replaced with explicit targeted temperature management profiles. 3) The jury opines that each report of a targeted temperature management trial enumerate the physiologic effects anticipated by the investigators and actually observed and/or measured in subjects in each arm of the trial as a strategy for increasing knowledge of the dose/duration/response characteristics of temperature management. This enumeration should be kept separate from the body of the report, be organized by body systems, and be made without assertions about the impact of any specific effect on the clinical outcome. 4) The jury STRONGLY RECOMMENDS targeted temperature management to a target of 32°C-34°C as the preferred treatment (vs. unstructured temperature management) of out-of-hospital adult cardiac arrest victims with a first registered electrocardiography rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia and still unconscious after restoration of spontaneous circulation (strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence). 5) The jury WEAKLY RECOMMENDS the use of targeted temperature management to 33°C-35.5°C (vs. less structured management) in the treatment of term newborns who sustained asphyxia and exhibit acidosis and/or encephalopathy (weak recommendation, moderate quality of evidence).
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Zhao H, Steinberg G. Limited Therapeutic Time Windows of Mild-to-Moderate Hypothermia in a Focal Ischemia Model in Rat. Stroke Res Treat 2011; 2011:131834. [PMID: 21876846 PMCID: PMC3159378 DOI: 10.4061/2011/131834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have shown the great potential of induced hypothermia in stroke treatment, we recognize that there are limitations to the protective effects of hypothermia even in the laboratory. Here, we review our experiments on the protective effects of mild-to-moderate hypothermia in rats. Focal ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion for 1 to 2 hours combined with permanent or transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. We compared the effects of mild (33°C) and moderate (30°C) hypothermia, evaluated therapeutic time windows, and studied the underlying mechanisms. On review, our findings revealed that the protective effects of induced mild hypothermia (33°C) were limited, and the therapeutic time window of even moderate hypothermia (30°C) was very short in our specific models, although this limitation might be due to the relatively brief periods of hypothermia used. In addition, we found that hypothermia reduced brain injury by preserving Akt activity, PTEN phosphorylation and εPKC activity, while inhibiting ROS production, and δPKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5327, USA
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Sahota P, Savitz SI. Investigational therapies for ischemic stroke: neuroprotection and neurorecovery. Neurotherapeutics 2011; 8:434-51. [PMID: 21604061 PMCID: PMC3250280 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-011-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke primarily focus on reducing the size of ischemic damage and rescuing dying cells early after occurrence. To date, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only United States Food and Drug Administration approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke, but its use is limited by a narrow therapeutic window. The pathophysiology of stroke is complex and it involves excitotoxicity mechanisms, inflammatory pathways, oxidative damage, ionic imbalances, apoptosis, angiogenesis, neuroprotection, and neurorestoration. Regeneration of the brain after damage is still active days and even weeks after a stroke occurs, which might provide a second window for treatment. A huge number of neuroprotective agents have been designed to interrupt the ischemic cascade, but therapeutic trials of these agents have yet to show consistent benefit, despite successful preceding animal studies. Several agents of great promise are currently in the middle to late stages of the clinical trial setting and may emerge in routine practice in the near future. In this review, we highlight select pharmacologic and cell-based therapies that are currently in the clinical trial stage for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sahota
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Sean I. Savitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Lai TW, Shyu WC, Wang YT. Stroke intervention pathways: NMDA receptors and beyond. Trends Mol Med 2011; 17:266-75. [PMID: 21310659 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite abundant evidence from basic/preclinical research that excessive NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor) stimulation is a crucial step required for brain damage following a stroke, clinical trials for NMDAR blockers have all ended with disappointments. The past decade of stroke research has revealed distinct NMDAR subpopulations and many specific effectors downstream of these receptors that are differentially responsible for neuronal survival and death. These new advancements provide promising targets for the development of novel NMDAR-based neuroprotective stroke therapies that could have greater therapeutic windows and reduced side effects. In this review, we discuss these advancements with a particular emphasis on the identification of novel signaling effectors downstream of proneuronal death NMDARs and the potential implications of these findings for the development of stroke therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Weita Lai
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 2B5
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González-Ibarra FP, Varon J, López-Meza EG. Therapeutic hypothermia: critical review of the molecular mechanisms of action. Front Neurol 2011; 2:4. [PMID: 21331282 PMCID: PMC3035015 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2011.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is nowadays one of the most important methods of neuroprotection. The events that occur after an episode of ischemia are multiple and hypothermia can affect the various steps of this cascade. The mechanisms of action of TH are varied and the possible explanation for the benefits of this therapy is probably the multiple mechanisms of action blocking the cascade of ischemia on many levels. TH can affect many metabolic pathways, reactions of inflammation, apoptosis processes, and promote neuronal integrity. To know the mechanisms of action of TH will allow a better understanding about the indications for this therapy and the possibility of searching for other therapies when used in conjunction with hypothermia will provide a therapeutic synergistic effect.
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48
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Lapchak PA, Wu Q. Vascular Dysfunction in Brain Hemorrhage: Translational Pathways to Developing New Treatments from Old Targets. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY & NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2011; 2011:S1-e001. [PMID: 22400125 PMCID: PMC3293216 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.s1-e001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke which is a form of stroke that affects 20% of all stroke patients is a devastating condition for which new treatments must be developed. Current treatment methods are quite insufficient to reduce long term morbidity and high mortality rate, up to 50%, associated with bleeding into critical brain structures, into ventricular spaces and within the subarachnoid space. During the last 10-15 years, significant advances in the understanding of important mechanisms that contribute to cell death and clinical deficits have been made. The most important observations revolve around a key set of basic mechanisms that are altered in brain bleeding models, including activation of membrane metalloproteinases, oxidative stress and both inflammatory and coagulation pathways. Moreover, it is now becoming apparent that brain hemorrhage can activate the ischemic stroke cascade in neurons, glial cells and the vascular compartment. The activation of multiple pathways allows comes the opportunity to intervene pharmacologically using monotherapy or combination therapy. Ultimately, combination therapy or pleiotropic compounds with multi-target activities should prove to be more efficacious than any single therapy alone. This article provides a comprehensive look at possible targets for small molecule intervention as well as some new approaches that result in metabolic down-regulation or inhibition of multiple pathways simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Lapchak
- Director of Translational Research, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis Research Building, D- 2091, 110 N, George Burns Road, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Project Scientist, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Davis Research Building, D-2094E, 110 N. George Burns Road, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
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Finley DS, Chang A, Morales B, Osann K, Skarecky D, Ahlering T. Impact of Regional Hypothermia on Urinary Continence and Potency After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. J Endourol 2010; 24:1111-6. [DOI: 10.1089/end.2010.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David S. Finley
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexandra Chang
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Blanca Morales
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Kathryn Osann
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Douglas Skarecky
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Thomas Ahlering
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
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50
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Tang XN, Yenari MA. Hypothermia as a cytoprotective strategy in ischemic tissue injury. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:61-8. [PMID: 19833233 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothermia is a well established cytoprotectant, with remarkable and consistent effects demonstrated across multiple laboratories. At the clinical level, it has recently been shown to improve neurological outcome following cardiac arrest and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. It is increasingly being embraced by the medical community, and could be considered an effective neuroprotectant. Conditions such as brain injury, hepatic encephalopathy and cardiopulmonary bypass seem to benefit from this intervention. It's role in direct myocardial protection is also being explored. A review of the literature has demonstrated that in order to appreciate the maximum benefits of hypothermia, cooling needs to begin soon after the insult, and maintained for relatively long period periods of time. In the case of ischemic stroke, cooling should ideally be applied in conjunction with the re-establishment of cerebral perfusion. Translating this to the clinical arena can be challenging, given the technical challenges of rapidly and stably cooling patients. This review will discuss the application of hypothermia especially as it pertains to its effects neurological outcome, cooling methods, and important parameters in optimizing hypothermic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian N Tang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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