1
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Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Singh G, Maity S, Patra S, Pareek D, Kumar S, Rai V, Prakash R, Acharya A, Maiti P, Mukherjee S, Mastai Y, Paik P. Neurogenic and angiogenic poly( N-acryloylglycine)- co-(acrylamide)- co-( N-acryloyl-glutamate) hydrogel: preconditioning effect under oxidative stress and use in neuroregeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6221-6241. [PMID: 38835196 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00243a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress serve as the early biomarkers for neuronal damage and impede angiogenesis and subsequently neuronal growth. Considering this, the present work aimed to develop a poly(N-acryloylglycine)-co-(acrylamide)-co-(N-acryloylglutamate) hydrogel [p(NAG-Ac-NAE)] with angiogenesis/neurogenesis properties. As constituents of this polymer modulate their vital role in biological functions, inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine regulates neuronal homeostasis, and glutamatergic signalling regulates angiogenesis. The p(NAG-Ac-NAE) hydrogel is a highly branched, biodegradable and pH-responsive polymer with a very high swelling behavior of 6188%. The mechanical stability (G', 2.3-2.7 kPa) of this polymeric hydrogel is commendable in the differentiation of mature neurons. This hydrogel is biocompatible (as tested in HUVEC cells) and helps to proliferate PC12 cells (152.7 ± 13.7%), whereas it is cytotoxic towards aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma (LN229 cells) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC; MDA-MB-231 cells) and helps to maintain the healthy cytoskeleton framework structure of primary cortical neurons by facilitating the elongation of the axonal pathway. Furthermore, FACS results revealed that the synthesized hydrogel potentiates neurogenesis by inducing the cell cycle (G0/G1) and arresting the sub-G1 phase by limiting apoptosis. Additionally, RT-PCR results revealed that this hydrogel induced an increased level of HIF-1α expression, providing preconditioning effects towards neuronal cells under oxidative stress by scavenging ROS and initiating neurogenic and angiogenic signalling. This hydrogel further exhibits more pro-angiogenic activities by increasing the expression of VEGF isoforms compared to previously reported hydrogels. In conclusion, the newly synthesized p(NAG-Ac-NAE) hydrogel can be one of the potential neuroregenerative materials for vasculogenesis-assisted neurogenic applications and paramount for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 046, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
| | - Yitzhak Mastai
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India.
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2
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Franke VL, Breitling J, Boyd PS, Feignier A, Bangert R, Weckesser N, Schlemmer HP, Ladd ME, Bachert P, Paech D, Korzowski A. A versatile look-up algorithm for mapping pH values and magnesium ion content using 31P MRSI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5113. [PMID: 38316107 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
31P MRSI allows for the non-invasive mapping of pH and magnesium ion content (Mg) in vivo, by translating the chemical shifts of inorganic phosphate and adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) to pH and Mg via suitable calibration equations, such as the modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. However, the required constants in these calibration equations are typically only determined for physiological conditions, posing a particular challenge for their application to diseased tissue, where the biochemical conditions might change manyfold. In this article, we propose a multi-parametric look-up algorithm aiming at the condition-independent determination of pH and Mg by employing multiple quantifiable 31P spectral properties simultaneously. To generate entries for an initial look-up table, measurements from 114 model solutions prepared with varying chemical properties were made at 9.4 T. The number of look-up table entries was increased by inter- and extrapolation using a multi-dimensional function developed based on the Hill equation. The assignment of biochemical parameters, that is, pH and Mg, is realized using probability distributions incorporating specific measurement uncertainties on the quantified spectral parameters, allowing for an estimation of most plausible output values. As proof of concept, we applied a version of the look-up algorithm employing only the chemical shifts of γ- and β-ATP for the determination of pH and Mg to in vivo 3D 31P MRSI data acquired at 7 T from (i) the lower leg muscles of healthy volunteers and (ii) the brains of patients with glioblastoma. The resulting volumetric maps showed plausible values for pH and Mg, partly revealing differences from maps generated using the conventional calibration equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Franke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip S Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antoine Feignier
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Bangert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weckesser
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schlemmer
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Korzowski
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Caratis F, Opiełka M, Hausmann M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rojek B, de Vallière C, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Karaszewski B, Rutkowska A. The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0283060. [PMID: 38527054 PMCID: PMC10962805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is one of the hallmarks of demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). The response to acidic pH is primarily mediated by a family of G protein-coupled proton-sensing receptors: OGR1, GPR4 and TDAG8. These receptors are inactive at alkaline pH, reaching maximal activation at acidic pH. Genome-wide association studies have identified a locus within the TDAG8 gene associated with several autoimmune diseases, including MS. Accordingly, we here found that expression of TDAG8, as opposed to GPR4 or OGR1, is upregulated in MS plaques. This led us to investigate the expression of TDAG8 in oligodendrocytes using mouse and human in vitro and in vivo models. We observed significant upregulation of TDAG8 in human MO3.13 oligodendrocytes during maturation and in response to acidic conditions. However, its deficiency did not impact normal myelination in the mouse CNS, and its expression remained unaltered under demyelinating conditions in mouse organotypic cerebellar slices. Notably, our data revealed no expression of TDAG8 in primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in contrast to its expression in primary human OPCs. Our investigations have revealed substantial species differences in the expression of proton-sensing receptors in oligodendrocytes, highlighting the limitations of the employed experimental models in fully elucidating the role of TDAG8 in myelination and oligodendrocyte biology. Consequently, the study does not furnish robust evidence for the role of TDAG8 in such processes. Nonetheless, our findings tentatively point towards a potential association between TDAG8 and myelination processes in humans, hinting at a potential link between TDAG8 and the pathophysiology of MS and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionä Caratis
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Opiełka
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Velasco-Estevez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Group, Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartłomiej Rojek
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Mukherjee S, Oviya A, Prakash R, Pareek D, Patra S, Maity S, Rai V, Singh M, Singh G, Yadav DD, Das S, Maiti P, Paik P. Poly( N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) Hydrogel Mimics the Cellular Microenvironment and Promotes Neurite Growth with Protection from Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5644-5661. [PMID: 37993284 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the glycine-based acryloyl monomer is polymerized to obtain a neurogenic polymeric hydrogel for regenerative applications. The synthesized poly(N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) [poly(NAG-b-A)] nanohydrogel exhibits high swelling (∼1500%) and is mechanically very stable, biocompatible, and proliferative in nature. The poly(NAG-b-A) nanohydrogel provides a stable 3D extracellular mimetic environment and promotes healthy neurite growth for primary cortical neurons by facilitating cellular adhesion, proliferation, actin filament stabilization, and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the protective role of the poly(NAG-b-A) hydrogel for the neurons in oxidative stress conditions is revealed and it is found that it is a clinically relevant material for neuronal regenerative applications, such as for promoting nerve regeneration via GSK3β inhibition. This hydrogel additionally plays an important role in modulating the biological microenvironment, either as an agonist and antagonist or as an antioxidant. Furthermore, it favors the physiological responses and eases the neurite growth efficiency. Additionally, we found out that the conversion of glycine-based acryloyl monomers into their corresponding polymer modulates the mechanical performance, mimics the cellular microenvironment, and accelerates the self-healing capability due to the responsive behavior towards reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the p(NAG-b-A) hydrogel could be a potential candidate to induce neuronal regeneration since it provides a physical cue and significantly boosts neurite outgrowth and also maintains the microtubule integrity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Alagu Oviya
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 046, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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5
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Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Reshkin SJ, Devesa J. Hydrogen Ion Dynamics as the Fundamental Link between Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer: Its Application to the Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Diseases with Special Emphasis on Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052454. [PMID: 35269597 PMCID: PMC8910484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH-related metabolic paradigm has rapidly grown in cancer research and treatment. In this contribution, this recent oncological perspective has been laterally assessed for the first time in order to integrate neurodegeneration within the energetics of the cancer acid-base conceptual frame. At all levels of study (molecular, biochemical, metabolic, and clinical), the intimate nature of both processes appears to consist of opposite mechanisms occurring at the far ends of a physiopathological intracellular pH/extracellular pH (pHi/pHe) spectrum. This wide-ranging original approach now permits an increase in our understanding of these opposite processes, cancer and neurodegeneration, and, as a consequence, allows us to propose new avenues of treatment based upon the intracellular and microenvironmental hydrogen ion dynamics regulating and deregulating the biochemistry and metabolism of both cancer and neural cells. Under the same perspective, the etiopathogenesis and special characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an excellent model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and, utilizing this pioneering approach, we find that MS appears to be a metabolic disease even before an autoimmune one. Furthermore, within this paradigm, several important aspects of MS, from mitochondrial failure to microbiota functional abnormalities, are analyzed in depth. Finally, and for the first time, a new and integrated model of treatment for MS can now be advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-629-047-141
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Division of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
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6
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Lee WH, Cha GD, Kim DH. Flexible and biodegradable electronic implants for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 72:13-21. [PMID: 34425329 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, implantable devices have immense potential for intracranial sensing of brain activity and application of controlled therapy for providing feedback to the sensing. Flexible materials are preferred for implantable devices, as they can minimise implanted device-brain tissue mechanical mismatch. Moreover, biodegradable implantable devices can reduce potential immunological side-effects. Biodegradability also helps avoid the burdensome secondary surgery for retrieving the implanted device. In this study, we reviewed recent advancements related to the use of flexible and biodegradable type of implantable devices for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Representative cases of intracranial sensing and feedback therapy are introduced, and then a brief discussion concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hee Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Doo Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Stringer MS, Lee H, Huuskonen MT, MacIntosh BJ, Brown R, Montagne A, Atwi S, Ramirez J, Jansen MA, Marshall I, Black SE, Zlokovic BV, Benveniste H, Wardlaw JM. A Review of Translational Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Human and Rodent Experimental Models of Small Vessel Disease. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:15-30. [PMID: 32936435 PMCID: PMC7803876 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major health burden, yet the pathophysiology remains poorly understood with no effective treatment. Since much of SVD develops silently and insidiously, non-invasive neuroimaging such as MRI is fundamental to detecting and understanding SVD in humans. Several relevant SVD rodent models are established for which MRI can monitor in vivo changes over time prior to histological examination. Here, we critically review the MRI methods pertaining to salient rodent models and evaluate synergies with human SVD MRI methods. We found few relevant publications, but argue there is considerable scope for greater use of MRI in rodent models, and opportunities for harmonisation of the rodent-human methods to increase the translational potential of models to understand SVD in humans. We summarise current MR techniques used in SVD research, provide recommendations and examples and highlight practicalities for use of MRI SVD imaging protocols in pre-selected, relevant rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Stringer
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rosalind Brown
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Axel Montagne
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Atwi
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Ramirez
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Marshall
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandra E Black
- Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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8
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Pacheco-Liñán PJ, Bravo I, Nueda ML, Albaladejo J, Garzón-Ruiz A. Functionalized CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots for Intracellular pH Measurements by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2106-2117. [PMID: 32551511 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important biomarker for many human diseases and great efforts are being made to develop new pH probes for bioimaging and biomedical applications. Here, the use of three different CdSe/ZnS QDs, functionalized with d-penicillamine and small peptides, as pH probes for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is investigated. The fluorescence pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles is analyzed in different experimental media: aqueous solution, synthetic intracellular medium, and mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and tumoral SK-MEL-2 cell lines. Different experiments along with theoretical calculations are conducted to unravel the mechanisms causing pH sensitivity of the nanoparticles and the effect of the length and composition of the peripheral branches on their photophysical properties. Absolute intracellular pH values measured in live cells with FLIM using a fluorescent probe based on a QD are reported here for the first time (intracellular pH values of 7.0 and 7.1 for C3H10T1/2 and SK-MEL-2 cells, respectively). These fluorescent nanoprobes can also be used to distinguish between different types of cells in cocultures on the basis of their different fluorescence lifetimes in dissimilar intracellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Pacheco-Liñán
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Iván Bravo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - María L. Nueda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), Unidad Asociada de Biomedicina (UCLM-CSIC), C/ Almansa, 14, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Andrés Garzón-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Dr. José María Sánchez Ibáñez, s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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9
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Benabou S, Ruckebusch C, Sliwa M, Aviñó A, Eritja R, Gargallo R, de Juan A. Study of conformational transitions of i-motif DNA using time-resolved fluorescence and multivariate analysis methods. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:6590-6605. [PMID: 31199873 PMCID: PMC6649798 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the presence of i-motif structures at C-rich sequences in human cells and their regulatory functions have been demonstrated. Despite numerous steady-state studies on i-motif at neutral and slightly acidic pH, the number and nature of conformation of this biological structure are still controversial. In this work, the fluorescence lifetime of labelled molecular beacon i-motif-forming DNA sequences at different pH values is studied. The influence of the nature of bases at the lateral loops and the presence of a Watson–Crick-stabilized hairpin are studied by means of time-correlated single-photon counting technique. This allows characterizing the existence of several conformers for which the fluorophore has lifetimes ranging from picosecond to nanosecond. The information on the existence of different i-motif structures at different pH values has been obtained by the combination of classical global decay fitting of fluorescence traces, which provides lifetimes associated with the events defined by the decay of each sequence and multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis or multivariate curve resolution based on alternating least squares. Multivariate analysis, which is seldom used for this kind of data, was crucial to explore similarities and differences of behaviour amongst the different DNA sequences and to model the presence and identity of the conformations involved in the pH range of interest. The results point that, for i-motif, the intrachain contact formation and its dissociation show lifetimes ten times faster than for the open form of DNA sequences. They also highlight that the presence of more than one i-motif species for certain DNA sequences according to the length of the sequence and the composition of the bases in the lateral loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Benabou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Ruckebusch
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR - Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anna Aviñó
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna de Juan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Omolo CA, Megrab NA, Kalhapure RS, Agrawal N, Jadhav M, Mocktar C, Rambharose S, Maduray K, Nkambule B, Govender T. Liposomes with pH responsive 'on and off' switches for targeted and intracellular delivery of antibiotics. J Liposome Res 2019; 31:45-63. [PMID: 31663407 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2019.1686517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
pH responsive drug delivery systems are one of the new strategies to address the spread of bacterial resistance to currently used antibiotics. The aim of this study was to formulate liposomes with 'On' and 'Off'' pH responsive switches for infection site targeting. The vancomycin (VCM) loaded liposomes had sizes below 100 nm, at pH 7.4. The QL-liposomes had a negative zeta potential at pH 7.4 that switched to a positive charge at acidic pH. VCM release from the liposome was quicker at pH 6 than pH 7.4. The OA-QL-liposome showed 4-fold lower MIC at pH 7.4 and 8- and 16-fold lower at pH 6.0 against both MSSA and MRSA compared to the bare drug. OA-QL liposome had a 1266.67- and 704.33-fold reduction in the intracellular infection for TPH-1 macrophage and HEK293 cells respectively. In vivo studies showed that the amount of MRSA recovered from mice treated with formulations was 189.67 and 6.33-fold lower than the untreated and bare VCM treated mice respectively. MD simulation of the QL lipid with the phosphatidylcholine membrane (POPC) showed spontaneous binding of the lipid to the bilayer membrane both electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions contributed to the binding. These studies demonstrated that the 'On' and 'Off' pH responsive liposomes enhanced the activity targeted and intracellular delivery VCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin A Omolo
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, United States International University of Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nagia A Megrab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rahul S Kalhapure
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahantesh Jadhav
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chunderika Mocktar
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Rambharose
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kaminee Maduray
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bongani Nkambule
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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11
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Ballance WC, Qin EC, Chung HJ, Gillette MU, Kong H. Reactive oxygen species-responsive drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119292. [PMID: 31279098 PMCID: PMC7081518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and disorders seriously impact memory and cognition and can become life-threatening. Current medical techniques attempt to combat these detrimental effects mainly through the administration of neuromedicine. However, drug efficacy is limited by rapid dispersal of the drugs to off-target sites while the site of administration is prone to overdose. Many neuropathological conditions are accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the inflammatory response. Accordingly, ROS-responsive drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution. To guide intelligent and comprehensive design of ROS-responsive drug delivery systems, this review article discusses the two following topics: (1) the biology of ROS in both healthy and diseased nervous systems and (2) recent developments in ROS-responsive, drug delivery system design. Overall, this review article would assist efforts to make better decisions about designing ROS-responsive, neural drug delivery systems, including the selection of ROS-responsive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Ballance
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ellen C Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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12
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Abstract
This review systematically examines the evidence for shifts in flux through energy generating biochemical pathways in Huntington’s disease (HD) brains from humans and model systems. Compromise of the electron transport chain (ETC) appears not to be the primary or earliest metabolic change in HD pathogenesis. Rather, compromise of glucose uptake facilitates glucose flux through glycolysis and may possibly decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), limiting subsequent NADPH and GSH production needed for antioxidant protection. As a result, oxidative damage to key glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes further restricts energy production so that while basal needs may be met through oxidative phosphorylation, those of excessive stimulation cannot. Energy production may also be compromised by deficits in mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics or trafficking. Restrictions on energy production may be compensated for by glutamate oxidation and/or stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Transcriptional dysregulation generated by mutant huntingtin also contributes to energetic disruption at specific enzymatic steps. Many of the alterations in metabolic substrates and enzymes may derive from normal regulatory feedback mechanisms and appear oscillatory. Fine temporal sequencing of the shifts in metabolic flux and transcriptional and expression changes associated with mutant huntingtin expression remain largely unexplored and may be model dependent. Differences in disease progression among HD model systems at the time of experimentation and their varying states of metabolic compensation may explain conflicting reports in the literature. Progressive shifts in metabolic flux represent homeostatic compensatory mechanisms that maintain the model organism through presymptomatic and symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Dubinsky
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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13
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Flinck M, Kramer SH, Pedersen SF. Roles of pH in control of cell proliferation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13068. [PMID: 29575508 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular pH (pHi ) is a prerequisite for normal cell function, and changes in pHi or pericellular pH (pHe ) exert important signalling functions. It is well established that proliferation of mammalian cells is dependent on a permissive pHi in the slightly alkaline range (7.0-7.2). It is also clear that mitogen signalling in nominal absence of HCO3- is associated with an intracellular alkalinization (~0.3 pH unit above steady-state pHi ), which is secondary to activation of Na+ /H+ exchange. However, it remains controversial whether this increase in pHi is part of the mitogenic signal cascade leading to cell cycle entry and progression, and whether it is relevant under physiological conditions. Furthermore, essentially all studies of pHi in mammalian cell proliferation have focused on the mitogen-induced G0-G1 transition, and the regulation and roles of pHi during the cell cycle remain poorly understood. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss the possible roles of pHi and pHe in cell cycle progression. While the focus is on the mammalian cell cycle, important insights from studies in lower eukaryotes are also discussed. We summarize current evidence of links between cell cycle progression and pHi and discuss possible pHi - and pHe sensors and signalling pathways relevant to mammalian proliferation control. The possibility that changes in pHi during cell cycle progression may be an integral part of the checkpoint control machinery is explored. Finally, we discuss the relevance of links between pH and proliferation in the context of the perturbed pH homoeostasis and acidic microenvironment of solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Flinck
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. H. Kramer
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. F. Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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14
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Schmitz B, Wang X, Barker PB, Pilatus U, Bronzlik P, Dadak M, Kahl KG, Lanfermann H, Ding XQ. Effects of Aging on the Human Brain: A Proton and Phosphorus MR Spectroscopy Study at 3T. J Neuroimaging 2018; 28:416-421. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Schmitz
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD
- Southeast Nebraska Cancer Center; Lincoln NE
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD
| | - Ulrich Pilatus
- Institute of Neuroradiology; Goethe University; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Paul Bronzlik
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Mete Dadak
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Kai G. Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry; Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Heinrich Lanfermann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; Hannover Medical School; Germany
| | - Xiao-Qi Ding
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology; Hannover Medical School; Germany
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15
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Zamiri B, Mirceta M, Abu-Ghazalah R, Wold MS, Pearson CE, Macgregor RB. Stress-induced acidification may contribute to formation of unusual structures in C9orf72-repeats. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1482-1491. [PMID: 29550431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansion of the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC)n·(GGCCCC)n is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Both strands of the C9orf72 repeat have been shown to form unusual DNA and RNA structures that are thought to be involved in mutagenesis and/or pathogenesis. We previously showed that the C-rich DNA strands from the C9orf72 repeat can form four-stranded quadruplexes at neutral pH. The cytosine residues become protonated under slightly acidic pH (pH 4.5-6.2), facilitating the formation of intercalated i-motif structures. METHODS Using CD spectroscopy, UV melting, and gel electrophoresis, we demonstrate a pH-induced structural transition of the C-rich DNA strand of the C9orf72 repeat at pHs reported to exist in living cells under stress, including during neurodegeneration and cancer. RESULTS We show that the repeats with lengths of 4, 6, and 8 units, form intercalated quadruplex i-motifs at low pH (pH < 5) and monomolecular hairpins and monomolecular quadruplexes under neutral-basic conditions (pH ≥ 8). Furthermore, we show that the human replication protein A (RPA) binds to the G-rich and C-rich DNA strands under acidic conditions, suggesting that it can bind to i-motif structures. CONCLUSIONS In the proper sequence context, i-motif structures can form at pH values found in some cells in vivo. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE DNA conformational plasticity exists over broad range of solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Zamiri
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mila Mirceta
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Program of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Rashid Abu-Ghazalah
- W. Booth School of Engineering Technology Practice and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 0A3, Canada
| | - Marc S Wold
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christopher E Pearson
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Program of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Robert B Macgregor
- Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
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16
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Liachenko S, Ramu J, Paule MG, Hanig J. Comparison of quantitative T 2 and ADC mapping in the assessment of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:52-59. [PMID: 29427612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relative performance of MRI T2 relaxation and ADC mapping as potential biomarkers of neurotoxicity, a model of 3-nitropropionic acid (NP)-induced neurodegeneration in rats was employed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NP (N = 20, 16-20 mg/kg, ip or sc) or saline (N = 6, 2 ml/kg, ip) daily for 3 days. MRI was performed using a 7 T system employing quantitative T2 and ADC mapping based on spin echo pulse sequence. All maps were skull stripped and co-registered and the changes were quantified using baseline subtraction and anatomical segmentation. Following the in vivo portion of the study, rat brains were histologically examined. Four NP-treated rats were considered responders based on their MRI and histology data. T2 values always increased in the presence of toxicity, while ADC changes were bidirectional, decreasing in some lesion areas and increasing in others. In contrast to T2 in some cases, ADC did not change. The effect sizes of T2 and ADC signals suggestive of neurotoxicity were 2.64 and 1.66, respectively, and the variability of averaged T2 values among anatomical regions was consistently lower than that for ADC. The histopathology data confirmed the presence of neurotoxicity, however, a more detailed assessment of the correlation of MRI with histology is needed. T2 mapping provides more sensitive and specific information than ADC about changes in the rat brain thought to be associated with neurotoxicity due to a higher signal-to-noise ratio, better resolution, and unidirectional changes, and presents a better opportunity for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Liachenko
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States.
| | - Jaivijay Ramu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Joseph Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, White Oak, MD, United States
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17
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Flament J, Hantraye P, Valette J. In Vivo Multidimensional Brain Imaging in Huntington's Disease Animal Models. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1780:285-301. [PMID: 29856025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7825-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat located in the gene encoding for huntingtin protein. This mutation induces the expression of a polyglutamine stretch in the mutated protein resulting in the modification of various biological properties of the wild-type protein and the progressive appearance of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders that are typically associated to this condition. Although the exact neuropathological mechanisms of degeneration are still not fully understood, HD pathology is characterized by severe neuronal losses in various brain regions including the basal ganglia and many cortical areas. Early signs of astrogliosis may precede actual neuronal degeneration. Early metabolic impairment at least in part associated with mitochondrial complex II deficiency may play a key role in huntingtin-induced mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Clinical trials are actively prepared including various gene-silencing approaches aiming at decreasing mutated huntingtin production. However, with the lack of a specific imaging biomarker capable of visualizing mutated huntingtin or huntingtin aggregates, there is a need for surrogate markers of huntingtin neurodegeneration. MRI and caudate nucleus atrophy is one of the most sensitive imaging biomarkers of HD. As such it can be used as a means to study disease progression and potential halting of the neurodegenerative process by therapeutic intervention, but this marker relies on actual neuronal loss which is a somewhat a late event in the pathology. As a means to develop, characterize and evaluate new, potentially earlier biomarkers of HD pathology we have recently embarked on a series of NMR developments looking for brain imaging techniques that allow for noninvasive longitudinal evaluation/characterization of functional alterations in animal models of HD. This chapter describes an assemblage of innovative NMR methods that have proved useful in detecting pathological cell dysfunctions in various preclinical models of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Flament
- CEA, DRF, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, US27, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, DRF, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- INSERM, US27, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Julien Valette
- CEA, DRF, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- CNRS, CEA, Paris-Sud Univ., Univ. Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory (UMR9199), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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18
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Acid-Sensing Ion Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3728096. [PMID: 29056828 PMCID: PMC5625748 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3728096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are a family of proton-sensing channels that are voltage insensitive, cation selective (mostly permeable to Na+), and nonspecifically blocked by amiloride. Derived from 5 genes (ACCN1-5), 7 subunits have been identified, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3, 4, and 5, that are widely expressed in the peripheral and central nervous system as well as other tissues. Over the years, different studies have shown that activation of these channels is linked to various physiological and pathological processes, such as memory, learning, fear, anxiety, ischemia, and multiple sclerosis to name a few, so their potential as therapeutic targets is increasing. This review focuses on recent advances that have helped us to better understand the role played by ASICs in different pathologies related to neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory processes, and pain.
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19
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Bonvento G, Valette J, Flament J, Mochel F, Brouillet E. Imaging and spectroscopic approaches to probe brain energy metabolism dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1927-1943. [PMID: 28276944 PMCID: PMC5464722 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17697989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in energy metabolism are generally considered to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Whether these changes are causal or simply a part of self-defense mechanisms is a matter of debate. Furthermore, energy defects have often been discussed solely in the context of their probable neuronal origin without considering the cellular heterogeneity of the brain. Recent data point towards the existence of a tri-cellular compartmentation of brain energy metabolism between neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, each cell type having a distinctive metabolic profile. Still, the number of methods to follow energy metabolism in patients is extremely limited and existing clinical techniques are blind to most cellular processes. There is a need to better understand how brain energy metabolism is regulated in health and disease through experiments conducted at different scales in animal models to implement new methods in the clinical setting. The purpose of this review is to offer a brief overview of the broad spectrum of methodological approaches that have emerged in recent years to probe energy metabolism in more detail. We conclude that multi-modal neuroimaging is needed to follow non-cell autonomous energy metabolism dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Flament
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM US 27, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- University Pierre and Marie Curie, Neurometabolic Research Group, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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20
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Tiret B, Brouillet E, Valette J. Evidence for a "metabolically inactive" inorganic phosphate pool in adenosine triphosphate synthase reaction using localized 31P saturation transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the rat brain at 11.7 T. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1513-8. [PMID: 27354096 PMCID: PMC5012527 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16657095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increased spectral resolution made possible at high fields, a second, smaller inorganic phosphate resonance can be resolved on (31)P magnetic resonance spectra in the rat brain. Saturation transfer was used to estimate de novo adenosine triphosphate synthesis reaction rate. While the main inorganic phosphate pool is used by adenosine triphosphate synthase, the second pool is inactive for this reaction. Accounting for this new pool may not only help us understand (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolic profiles better but also better quantify adenosine triphosphate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Tiret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Emmanuel Brouillet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Valette
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9199, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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21
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Majdi A, Mahmoudi J, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Golzari SE, Sabermarouf B, Reyhani-Rad S. Permissive role of cytosolic pH acidification in neurodegeneration: A closer look at its causes and consequences. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:879-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Majdi
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Samad E.J. Golzari
- Cardiovascular Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Babak Sabermarouf
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Siamak Reyhani-Rad
- Department of Laboratory Sciences; Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University; Marand Iran
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22
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Singh P, Kumar A, Kaur S, Singh A, Gupta M, Kaur G. Stitching of tyrosine and 10H-acridin-9-one: turn-ON fluorescence in the narrow pH range 7.4–8.5 and intracellular labelling of cancer cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We tailored 10H-acridin-9-one and (S)-tyrosine into 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[(9-oxo-9,10-dihydroacridine-4-carbonyl) amino]propionic acid (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Palwinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Sukhmeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Muskan Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology
- Guru Nanak Dev University
- Amritsar-143005
- India
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23
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Wassef SN, Wemmie J, Johnson CP, Johnson H, Paulsen JS, Long JD, Magnotta VA. T1ρ imaging in premanifest Huntington disease reveals changes associated with disease progression. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1107-14. [PMID: 25820773 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging biomarkers sensitive to Huntington's disease (HD) during the premanifest phase preceding motor diagnosis may accelerate identification and evaluation of potential therapies. For this purpose, quantitative MRI sensitive to tissue microstructure and metabolism may hold great potential. We investigated the potential value of T1ρ relaxation to detect pathological changes in premanifest HD (preHD) relative to other quantitative relaxation parameters. METHODS Quantitative MR parametric mapping was used to assess differences between 50 preHD subjects and 26 age- and sex-matched controls. Subjects with preHD were classified into two progression groups based on their CAG-age product (CAP) score; a high and a low/moderate CAP group. Voxel-wise and region-of-interest analyses were used to assess changes in the quantitative relaxation times. RESULTS T1ρ showed a significant increase in the relaxation times in the high-CAP group, as compared to controls, largely in the striatum. The T1ρ changes in the preHD subjects showed a significant relationship with CAP score. No significant changes in T2 or T2* relaxation times were found in the striatum. T2* relaxation changes were found in the globus pallidus, but no significant changes with disease progression were found. CONCLUSION These data suggest that quantitative T1ρ mapping may provide a useful marker for assessing disease progression in HD. The absence of T2 changes suggests that the T1ρ abnormalities are unlikely owing to altered water content or tissue structure. The established sensitivity of T1ρ to pH and glucose suggests that these factors are altered in HD perhaps owing to abnormal mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafik N Wassef
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,SINAPSE, Iowa Neuroimaging Consortium, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Hospital Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Casey P Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hans Johnson
- SINAPSE, Iowa Neuroimaging Consortium, Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jane S Paulsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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24
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Towards being genuinely smart: ‘isothermally-responsive’ polymers as versatile, programmable scaffolds for biologically-adaptable materials. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymers are of broad interest in a range of biomedical and biotechnological fields. This review summaries the use of ‘isothermal’ transitions where thermo-responsive polymers are re-programmed to respond to other stimuli, but with the same outputs, with the aim of making them ‘smarter’.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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25
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Gallart-Palau X, Serra A, Qian J, Chen CP, Kalaria RN, Sze SK. Temporal lobe proteins implicated in synaptic failure exhibit differential expression and deamidation in vascular dementia. Neurochem Int 2014; 80:87-98. [PMID: 25497727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Progressive synaptic failure precedes the loss of neurons and decline in cognitive function in neurodegenerative disorders, but the specific proteins and posttranslational modifications that promote synaptic failure in vascular dementia (VaD) remain largely unknown. We therefore used an isobaric tag for relative and absolute proteomic quantitation (iTRAQ) to profile the synapse-associated proteome of post-mortem human cortex from vascular dementia patients and age-matched controls. Brain tissue from VaD patients exhibited significant down-regulation of critical synaptic proteins including clathrin (0.29; p < 1.0⋅10(-3)) and GDI1 (0.51; p = 3.0⋅10(-3)), whereas SNAP25 (1.6; p = 5.5⋅10(-3)), bassoon (1.4; p = 1.3⋅10(-3)), excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (2.6; p = 9.2⋅10(-3)) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent kinase II (1.6; p = 3.0⋅10(-2)) were substantially up-regulated. Our analyses further revealed divergent patterns of protein modification in the dementia patient samples, including a specific deamidation of synapsin1 predicted to compromise protein structure. Our results reveal potential molecular targets for intervention in synaptic failure and prevention of cognitive decline in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Serra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jingru Qian
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute for Ageing and Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Building, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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26
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Brouillet E. The 3-NP Model of Striatal Neurodegeneration. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2014; 67:9.48.1-9.48.14. [PMID: 24723322 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0948s67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is an irreversible inhibitor of respiratory chain complex II. Chronic systemic administration of 3-NP to mice, rats, and non-human primates leads to preferential degeneration of the striatum, and produces motor and cognitive symptoms that are highly reminiscent of Huntington's disease (HD). HD is caused by a dominant inherited expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntington gene. Thus, many aspects of HD cannot be mimicked by 3-NP. However, recent research shows that mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress may play a key role in HD pathogenesis, further supporting the potential utility of the 3-NP model of striatal degeneration. First, a basic protocol to produce acute striatal lesions in rats using repeated intraperitoneal injection of 3-NP is described. Second, a more complex protocol that takes advantage of the use of osmotic minipumps to steadily release 3-NP leading to consistent lesions and motor symptoms in Lewis rats is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Brouillet
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, URA2210, CEA, and CNRS, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), I2BM, Life Science Division, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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27
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Scahill R. Recent advances in imaging the onset and progression of Huntington’s disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.13.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Huntington’s disease is a devastating autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder resulting in progressive decline in motor and cognitive function, accompanied by neuropsychiatric disturbances. In vivo imaging can reveal the underlying neuropathological changes that contribute to symptom manifestation. Observational studies of individuals carrying the causative gene have demonstrated that structural and functional brain changes are apparent decades before clinical onset of the disease; imaging measures can predict those individuals who subsequently undergo clinical conversion. Such studies have improved our understanding of neurodegeneration across the disease spectrum and aided the identification of therapeutic targets. Clinical trials of potentially disease-modifying treatments are likely to be investigated in the near future and imaging provides a powerful tool to monitor disease progression and thereby assess therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Scahill
- Huntington’s Disease Research Group, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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