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Parmar J, von Jonquieres G, Gorlamandala N, Chung B, Craig AJ, Pinyon JL, Birnbaumer L, Klugmann M, Moorhouse AJ, Power JM, Housley GD. TRPC Channels Activated by G Protein-Coupled Receptors Drive Ca 2+ Dysregulation Leading to Secondary Brain Injury in the Mouse Model. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:844-858. [PMID: 37462831 PMCID: PMC11226524 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) non-selective cation channels, particularly those assembled with TRPC3, TRPC6, and TRPC7 subunits, are coupled to Gαq-type G protein-coupled receptors for the major classes of excitatory neurotransmitters. Sustained activation of this TRPC channel-based pathophysiological signaling hub in neurons and glia likely contributes to prodigious excitotoxicity-driven secondary brain injury expansion. This was investigated in mouse models with selective Trpc gene knockout (KO). In adult cerebellar brain slices, application of glutamate and the class I metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine to Purkinje neurons expressing the GCaMP5g Ca2+ reporter demonstrated that the majority of the Ca2+ loading in the molecular layer dendritic arbors was attributable to the TRPC3 effector channels (Trpc3KO compared with wildtype (WT)). This Ca2+ dysregulation was associated with glutamate excitotoxicity causing progressive disruption of the Purkinje cell dendrites (significantly abated in a GAD67-GFP-Trpc3KO reporter brain slice model). Contribution of the Gαq-coupled TRPC channels to secondary brain injury was evaluated in a dual photothrombotic focal ischemic injury model targeting cerebellar and cerebral cortex regions, comparing day 4 post-injury in WT mice, Trpc3KO, and Trpc1/3/6/7 quadruple knockout (TrpcQKO), with immediate 2-h (primary) brain injury. Neuroprotection to secondary brain injury was afforded in both brain regions by Trpc3KO and TrpcQKO models, with the TrpcQKO showing greatest neuroprotection. These findings demonstrate the contribution of the Gαq-coupled TRPC effector mechanism to excitotoxicity-based secondary brain injury expansion, which is a primary driver for mortality and morbidity in stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Parmar
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Georg von Jonquieres
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Nagarajesh Gorlamandala
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Brandon Chung
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda J Craig
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jeremy L Pinyon
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Av. A Moreau de Justo 1300, C1107AFF, Buenos Aires CABA, Argentina
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Matthias Klugmann
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Moorhouse
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - John M Power
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Gary D Housley
- Translational Neuroscience Facility and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Xiao X, Lei Y, Yao T, Huang T, Yan P, Cao L, Cao Y. PM 10 exposure induces bronchial hyperresponsiveness by upreguating acetylcholine muscarinic 3 receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 490:117035. [PMID: 39019094 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM10) can induce respiratory diseases that are closely related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. However, the involved mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of PM10 on the acetylcholine muscarinic 3 receptor (CHRM3) expression and the role of the ERK1/2 pathway in rat bronchial smooth muscle. A whole-body PM10 exposure system was used to stimulate bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rats for 2 and 4 months, accompanied by MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 injection. The whole-body plethysmography system and myography were used to detect the pulmonary and bronchoconstrictor function, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels were determined by Western blotting, qPCR, and immunofluorescence. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the inflammatory cytokines. Compared with the filtered air group, 4 months of PM10 exposure significantly increased CHRM3-mediated pulmonary function and bronchial constriction, elevated CHRM3 mRNA and protein expression levels on bronchial smooth muscle, then induced bronchial hyperreactivity. Additionally, 4 months of PM10 exposure caused an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increased the secretion of inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126 inhibited the PM10 exposure-induced phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 pathway, thereby reducing the PM10 exposure-induced upregulation of CHRM3 in bronchial smooth muscle and CHRM3-mediated bronchoconstriction. U0126 could rescue PM10 exposure-induced pathological changes in the bronchus. In conclusion, PM10 exposure can induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rats by upregulating CHRM3, and the ERK1/2 pathway may be involved in this process. These findings could reveal a potential therapeutic target for air pollution induced respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Tong Yao
- Precision Medical Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5th Road, 710004, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Pingping Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Precision Medical Institute, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 West 5th Road, 710004, China.
| | - Yongxiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Bao L, Liu Y, Jia Q, Chu S, Jiang H, He S. Argon neuroprotection in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanism. Brain Res Bull 2024; 212:110964. [PMID: 38670471 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), primarily caused by cerebrovascular obstruction, results in severe neurological deficits and has emerged as a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Recently, there has been increasing exploration of the neuroprotective properties of the inert gas argon. Argon has exhibited impressive neuroprotection in many in vivo and ex vivo experiments without signs of adverse effects, coupled with the advantages of being inexpensive and easily available. However, the efficient administration strategy and underlying mechanisms of neuroprotection by argon in IS are still unclear. This review summarizes current research on the neuroprotective effects of argon in IS with the goal to provide effective guidance for argon application and to elucidate the potential mechanisms of argon neuroprotection. Early and appropriate argon administration at as high a concentration as possible offers favorable neuroprotection in IS. Argon inhalation has been shown to provide some long-term protection benefits. Argon provides the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic cytoprotective effects mainly around Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4), mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Therefore, argon holds significant promise as a novel clinical neuroprotective gas agent for ischemic stroke after further researches to identify the optimal application strategy and elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bao
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Liu
- Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Chu
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China; Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang He
- Department of Stroke Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China.
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He H, Li Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Li Z, Li L, Shi D, Zhang X, Shi H, Xue M, Feng L. NLRP1 restricts porcine deltacoronavirus infection via IL-11 inhibiting the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway. J Virol 2024; 98:e0198223. [PMID: 38411106 PMCID: PMC10949457 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01982-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuously emerging highly pathogenic coronaviruses remain a major threat to human and animal health. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a newly emerging enterotropic swine coronavirus that causes large-scale outbreaks of severe diarrhea disease in piglets. Unlike other porcine coronaviruses, PDCoV has a wide range of species tissue tropism, including primary human cells, which poses a significant risk of cross-species transmission. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) has a key role in linking host innate immunity to microbes and the regulation of inflammatory pathways. We now report a role for NLRP1 in the control of PDCoV infection. Overexpression of NLRP1 remarkably suppressed PDCoV infection, whereas knockout of NLRP1 led to a significant increase in PDCoV replication. A mechanistic study revealed that NLRP1 suppressed PDCoV replication in cells by upregulating IL-11 expression, which in turn inhibited the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor U0126 effectively hindered PDCoV replication in pigs. Together, our results demonstrated that NLRP1 exerted an anti-PDCoV effect by IL-11-mediated inhibition of the phosphorylation of the ERK signaling pathway, providing a novel antiviral signal axis of NLRP1-IL-11-ERK. This study expands our understanding of the regulatory network of NLRP1 in the host defense against virus infection and provides a new insight into the treatment of coronaviruses and the development of corresponding drugs.IMPORTANCECoronavirus, which mainly infects gastrointestinal and respiratory epithelial cells in vivo, poses a huge threat to both humans and animals. Although porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is known to primarily cause fatal diarrhea in piglets, reports detected in plasma samples from Haitian children emphasize the potential risk of animal-to-human spillover. Finding effective therapeutics against coronaviruses is crucial for controlling viral infection. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1), a key regulatory factor in the innate immune system, is highly expressed in epithelial cells and associated with the pathogenesis of viruses. We demonstrate here that NLRP1 inhibits the infection of the intestinal coronavirus PDCoV through IL-11-mediated phosphorylation inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, the ERK phosphorylation inhibitor can control the infection of PDCoV in pigs. Our study emphasizes the importance of NLRP1 as an immune regulatory factor and may open up new avenues for the treatment of coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Da Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Conesa MPB, Blixt FW, Peesh P, Khan R, Korf J, Lee J, Jagadeesan G, Andersohn A, Das TK, Tan C, Di Gesu C, Colpo GD, Moruno-Manchón JF, McCullough LD, Bryan R, Ganesh BP. Stabilizing histamine release in gut mast cells mitigates peripheral and central inflammation after stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:230. [PMID: 37805585 PMCID: PMC10560441 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of long-term disability and places a high economic burden on the global healthcare system. Functional outcomes from stroke are largely determined by the extent of ischemic injury, however, there is growing recognition that systemic inflammatory responses also contribute to outcomes. Mast cells (MCs) rapidly respond to injury and release histamine (HA), a pro-inflammatory neurotransmitter that enhances inflammation. The gut serves as a major reservoir of HA. We hypothesized that cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer that prevents the release of inflammatory mediators, would decrease peripheral and central inflammation, reduce MC trafficking to the brain, and improve stroke outcomes. We used the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke in aged (18 mo) male mice to investigate the role of MC in neuroinflammation post-stroke. After MCAO we treated mice with 25 mg/kg body weight of cromolyn (MC stabilizer) by oral gavage. Cromolyn was administered at 3 h, 10 h, 24 h and every 24 h for 3 days post-stroke. Three control groups were used. One group underwent a sham surgery and was treated with cromolyn, one received sham surgery with PBS vehicle and the third underwent MCAO with PBS vehicle. Mice were euthanized at 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Cromolyn administration significantly reduced MC numbers in the brain at both 24 h and 3 days post-stroke. Infarct volume was not significantly different between groups, however improved functional outcomes were seen at 3 days post-stroke in mice that received cromolyn. Treatment with cromolyn reduced plasma histamine and IL-6 levels in both the 24-h and 3-day cohorts. Gut MCs numbers were significantly reduced after cromolyn treatment at 24 h and 3 days after stroke. To determine if MC trafficking from the gut to the brain occurred after injury, GFP+MCs were adoptively transferred to c-kit-/- MC knock-out animals prior to MCAO. 24 h after stroke, elevated MC recruitment was seen in the ischemic brain. Preventing MC histamine release by cromolyn improved gut barrier integrity and an improvement in stroke-induced dysbiosis was seen with treatment. Our results show that preventing MC histamine release possesses prevents post-stroke neuroinflammation and improves neurological and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Blasco Conesa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Frank W Blixt
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pedram Peesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Romeesa Khan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Janelle Korf
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gayathri Jagadeesan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Andersohn
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tushar K Das
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Di Gesu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gabriela Delevati Colpo
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Xia X, Li M, Wei R, Li J, Lei Y, Zhang M. Intracerebral hirudin injection alleviates cognitive impairment and oxidative stress and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. Neuropathology 2023; 43:362-372. [PMID: 36918198 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia starts with cerebral blood flow interruption that causes severely limited oxygen and glucose supply, eliciting a cascade of pathological events, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and inflammatory response, which could ultimately result in neuronal death. Hirudin has beneficial effects in ischemic stroke and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we investigated the biological functions of hirudin and its related mechanisms in cerebral ischemia. The ischemia-like conditions were induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To investigate hirudin roles, intracerebroventricular injection of 10 U hirudin was given to the rats. Cognitive and motor functions were examined by beam walking and Morris water maze tests. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-stained brain sections were used to measure infarct volume. Oxidative stress was determined by assessment of oxidative stress markers. The proliferated cells were labeled by BrdU and Nestin double staining. Western blotting was performed to measure protein levels. Hirudin administration improved cognitive and motor deficits post-ischemia. Hirudin reduced brain infarction and neurological damage in MCAO-subjected rats. Hirudin alleviated oxidative stress and enhanced neurogenesis in ischemic rats. Hirudin facilitated the promotion of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and serine-threonine kinase. In sum, hirudin alleviates cognitive deficits by attenuating oxidative stress and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis through the regulation of ERK1/2 and serine-threonine kinase in MCAO-subjected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Xia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Baoji Third People's Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Renxian Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhucheng Street Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Meikui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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Onikanni SA, Yang CY, Noriega L, Wang CH. U0126 Compound Triggers Thermogenic Differentiation in Preadipocytes via ERK-AMPK Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097987. [PMID: 37175694 PMCID: PMC10178890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, thermogenic differentiation and activation in brown and white adipose tissues have been regarded as one of the major innovative and promising strategies for the treatment and amelioration of obesity. However, the pharmacological approach towards this process has had limited and insufficient commitments, which presents a greater challenge for obesity treatment. This research evaluates the effects of U0126 compound on the activation of thermogenic differentiation during adipogenesis. The results show that U0126 pretreatment primes both white and brown preadipocytes to upregulate thermogenic and mitochondrial genes as well as enhance functions during the differentiation process. We establish that U0126-mediated thermogenic differentiation induction occurs partially via AMPK activation signaling. The findings of this research suggest U0126 as a promising alternative ligand in pursuit of a pharmacological option to increase thermogenic adipocyte formation and improve energy expenditure. Thus it could pave the way for the discovery of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of obesity and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Amos Onikanni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Cheng-Ying Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Lloyd Noriega
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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Kondo D, Asano N, Ishiyama T, Shintani N, Matsukawa T. Effects of adrenaline and vasopressin on cerebral microcirculation at baseline and during global brain ischemia and reperfusion in rabbits. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 36476578 PMCID: PMC9730607 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the brain becomes ischemic. Adrenaline and vasopressin have been recommended for use during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We aimed to investigate the direct effects of adrenaline and vasopressin on the cerebral microvasculature at baseline and during ischemia and reperfusion in rabbits. METHODS The closed cranial window method was used to visualize the cerebral microcirculation and changes in the pial arteriole diameter in rabbits. Adrenaline and vasopressin were administered topically on the brain tissue. First, the effects of adrenaline and vasopressin on pial arterioles were evaluated in 7 rabbits that were given 4 different concentrations of adrenaline, and another 7 rabbits that received 4 different concentrations of vasopressin. Second, the effects of adrenaline and vasopressin were determined during the global brain ischemia and reperfusion, which was induced by clamping the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries for 15 min. An additional 21 rabbits were randomly assigned to receive artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) (n = 7), adrenaline 10-5 mol/L (n = 7), or vasopressin 10-7 mol/L (n = 7). Each drug was continuously infused from 5 min after the initiation of ischemia until 120 min after reperfusion. The pial arteriole diameters were recorded before and during ischemia, and after reperfusion. RESULTS At baseline, adrenaline and vasopressin did not affect the cerebral pial arterioles. During ischemia, vasopressin, but not aCSF and adrenaline constricted the pial vessels. Late in the reperfusion phase, pial diameter became reduced in the vasopressin and aCSF groups whereas pial diameter was higher in the animals treated with adrenaline. CONCLUSIONS Adrenaline and vasopressin did not affect pial arterioles at baseline. During reperfusion, adrenaline may counteract the cerebral vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondo
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
| | - Nobumasa Asano
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
| | - Tadahiko Ishiyama
- grid.472161.70000 0004 1773 1256Surgical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shintani
- grid.472161.70000 0004 1773 1256Surgical Center, University of Yamanashi Hospital, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi Japan
| | - Takashi Matsukawa
- grid.267500.60000 0001 0291 3581Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan
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Bömers JP, Grell AS, Edvinsson L, Johansson SE, Haanes KA. The MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Improves Outcomes following Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Female Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121446. [PMID: 36558896 PMCID: PMC9785726 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a haemorrhagic stroke that causes approximately 5% of all stroke incidents. We have been working on a treatment strategy that targets changes in cerebrovascular contractile receptors, by blocking the MEK/ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Recently, a positive effect of trametinib was found in male rats, but investigations of both sexes in pre-clinical studies are an important necessity. In the current study, a SAH was induced in female rats, by autologous blood-injection into the pre-chiasmatic cistern. This produces a dramatic, transient increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and an acute and prolonged decrease in cerebral blood flow. Rats were then treated with either vehicle or three doses of 0.5 mg/kg trametinib (specific MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor) intraperitoneally at 3, 9, and 24 h after the SAH. The outcome was assessed by a panel of tests, including intracranial pressure (ICP), sensorimotor tests, a neurological outcome score, and myography. We observed a significant difference in arterial contractility and a reduction in subacute increases in ICP when the rats were treated with trametinib. The sensory motor and neurological outcomes in trametinib-treated rats were significantly improved, suggesting that the improved outcome in females is similar to that of males treated with trametinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Peter Bömers
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Grell
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ellinor Johansson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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10
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Hou X, Zhou W, Bi C, Yang Z, Lu S, Ding Z, Ding Z, Zou Y, Guo Q, Schäfer MKE, Huang C. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 is involved in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:828567. [PMID: 36245918 PMCID: PMC9557206 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.828567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a series of epigenetic changes in brain tissue, among which histone modifications are associated with the deterioration of TBI. In this study, we explored the role of histone H3 modifications in a weight-drop model of TBI in rats. Screening for various histone modifications, immunoblot analyses revealed that the phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 (p-H3S10) was significantly upregulated after TBI in the brain tissue surrounding the injury site. A similar posttraumatic regulation was observed for phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), which is known to phosphorylate H3S10. In support of the hypothesis that ERK-mediated phosphorylation of H3S10 contributes to TBI pathogenesis, double immunofluorescence staining of brain sections showed high levels and colocalization of p-H3S10 and p-ERK predominantly in neurons surrounding the injury site. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of ERK-H3S10 signaling ameliorates TBI pathogenesis, the mitogen-activated protein kinase–extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor U0126, which inhibits ERK phosphorylation, was administered into the right lateral ventricle of TBI male and female rats via intracerebroventricular cannulation for 7 days post trauma. U0126 administration indeed prevented H3S10 phosphorylation and improved motor function recovery and cognitive function compared to vehicle treatment. In agreement with our findings in the rat model of TBI, immunoblot and double immunofluorescence analyses of brain tissue specimens from patients with TBI demonstrated high levels and colocalization of p-H3S10 and p-ERK as compared to control specimens from non-injured individuals. In conclusion, our findings indicate that phosphorylation-dependent activation of ERK-H3S10 signaling participates in the pathogenesis of TBI and can be targeted by pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinran Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlong Bi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuanyi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sining Lu
- Medical College of Xiangya, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zijin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael K. E. Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences and Research Center of Immunotherapy of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Changsheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Changsheng Huang,
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11
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Tong LY, Deng YB, Du WH, Zhou WZ, Liao XY, Jiang X. Clemastine Promotes Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Through the Activation of ERK1/2 via Muscarinic Receptors After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914153. [PMID: 35865954 PMCID: PMC9294397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) is closely associated with the obstruction of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation, which ultimately induces the inability to generate newly formed myelin. To address the concern, drug-based methods may be the most practical and feasible way, possibly applying to clinical therapies for patients with SCI. In our previous study, we found that clemastine treatment preserves myelin integrity, decreases the loss of axons, and improves functional recovery in the SCI model. Clemastine acts as an antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (muscarinic receptor, MR) identified from a string of anti-muscarinic drugs that can enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin wrapping. However, the effects of clemastine on OPC differentiation through MRs in SCI and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. To explore the possibility, a rat model of SCI was established. To investigate if clemastine could promote the differentiation of OPCs in SCI via MR, the expressions of OPC and mature OL were detected at 7 days post injury (dpi) or at 14 dpi. The significant effect of clemastine on encouraging OPC differentiation was revealed at 14 dpi rather than 7 dpi. Under pre-treatment with the MR agonist cevimeline, the positive role of clemastine on OPC differentiation was partially disrupted. Further studies indicated that clemastine increased the phosphorylation level of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and the expressions of transcription factors, Myrf and Olig2. To determine the relationship among clemastine, ERK1/2 signaling, specified transcription factors, and OPC differentiation, the ERK1/2 signaling was disturbed by U0126. The inhibition of ERK1/2 in SCI rats treated with clemastine decreased the expressions of p-ERK 1/2, Myrf, Olig2, and mature OLs, suggesting that ERK1/2 is required for clemastine on promoting OPC differentiation and that specified transcription factors may be affected by the activity of ERK1/2. Moreover, the impact of clemastine on modulating the level of p-ERK 1/2 was restricted following cevimeline pre-injecting, which provides further evidence that the role of clemastine was mediated by MRs. Altogether, our data demonstrated that clemastine, mediated by MRs, promotes OPC differentiation under the enhancement of Myrf and Olig2 by activating ERK1/2 signaling and suggests a novel therapeutic prospect for SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yao Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Bing Deng
- Department of Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Center Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Hong Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Jiang, ,
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12
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Wang R, Wang J, Sun J, Yang K, Wang N, Qin B. PM 2.5 causes vascular hyperreactivity through the upregulation of the thromboxane A 2 receptor and activation of MAPK pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:33095-33105. [PMID: 35025049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major cardiovascular disease environmental risk factor. However, the underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood. Thromboxane is widely known as an important vasoconstrictor substance that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in arteries and is involved in various cardiovascular diseases. This study examined the effect of PM2.5 on thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) in the mesenteric arteries and the underlying intracellular signal mechanisms (by focusing on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway). Rat mesenteric artery segments were exposed to PM2.5 in the presence of MAPK pathway inhibitors. The contractile reactivity of mesenteric arteries was analyzed using wire myography. The mRNA and protein expression of TP receptor and MAPK pathway molecules were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. Mesenteric artery receptor localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that TP receptor-mediated maximum contraction response was achieved after exposing arteries to 1.0 μg/mL PM2.5 for 16 h (Emax: 228 ± 16% of K+). Moreover, inhibitor U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 inhibitor), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) depressed the increased TP receptor-mediated contractile responses (reduced rage were 17.9 ~ 59.6%). These inhibitors also decreased the increased mRNA expression and protein of the TP receptor induced by PM2.5 (reduced by more than 50% and 46%, respectively). The immunoreactivity of increased TP receptor expression was primarily localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, phosphorylation quantitative analysis showed that in the presence of MAPK inhibitors, the PM2.5-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK protein increased by more than 30.0 ~ 130.3%. These results suggest that PM2.5 upregulates the TP receptor of rat mesenteric arteries through activation of the ERK1/2, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, 1 Xin Wang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Mao X, Wang X, Jin M, Li Q, Jia J, Li M, Zhou H, Liu Z, Jin W, Zhao Y, Luo Z. Critical involvement of lysyl oxidase in seizure-induced neuronal damage through ERK-Alox5-dependent ferroptosis and its therapeutic implications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3513-3528. [PMID: 36176900 PMCID: PMC9513491 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent insights collectively suggest the important roles of lysyl oxidase (LysOX) in the pathological processes of several acute and chronic neurological diseases, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we explore the regulatory role of LysOX in the seizure-induced ferroptotic cell death of neurons. Mechanistically, LysOX promotes ferroptosis-associated lipid peroxidation in neurons via activating extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)-dependent 5-lipoxygenase (Alox5) signaling. In addition, overexpression of LysOX via adeno-associated viral vector (AAV)-based gene transfer enhances ferroptosis sensitivity and aggravates seizure-induced hippocampal damage. Our studies show that pharmacological inhibition of LysOX with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) significantly blocks seizure-induced ferroptosis and thereby alleviates neuronal damage, while the BAPN-associated cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity could further be reduced through encapsulation with bioresponsive amorphous calcium carbonate-based nanocarriers. These findings unveil a previously unrecognized LysOX-ERK-Alox5 pathway for ferroptosis regulation during seizure-induced neuronal damage. Suppressing this pathway may yield therapeutic implications for restoring seizure-induced neuronal injury.
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14
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Mostajeran M, Edvinsson L, Ahnstedt H, Arkelius K, Ansar S. Repair-related molecular changes during recovery phase of ischemic stroke in female rats. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:23. [PMID: 35413803 PMCID: PMC9004052 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some degree of spontaneous recovery is usually observed after stroke. Experimental studies have provided information about molecular mechanisms underlying this recovery. However, the majority of pre-clinical stroke studies are performed in male rodents, and females are not well studied. This is a clear discrepancy when considering the clinical situation. Thus, it is important to include females in the evaluation of recovery mechanisms for future therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate spontaneous recovery and molecular mechanisms involved in the recovery phase two weeks after stroke in female rats. METHODS Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in female Wistar rats using a filament model. Neurological functions were assessed up to day 14 after stroke. Protein expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, neuronal specific nuclei protein (NeuN), nestin, tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Tie-2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and Akt were evaluated in the peri-infarct and ischemic core compared to contralateral side of the brain at day 14 by western blot. Expression of TGF-β in middle cerebral arteries was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Spontaneous recovery after stroke was observed from day 2 to day 14 and was accompanied by a significantly higher expression of nestin, p-Akt, p-ERK1/2 and TGF-β in ischemic regions compared to contralateral side at day 14. In addition, a significantly higher expression of TGF-β was observed in occluded versus non-occluded middle cerebral arteries. The expression of Tie-2 and IL-10 did not differ between the ischemic and contralateral sides. CONCLUSION Spontaneous recovery after ischemic stroke in female rats was coincided by a difference observed in the expression of molecular markers. The alteration of these markers might be of importance to address future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mostajeran
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kajsa Arkelius
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saema Ansar
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Blockage of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 prevents postoperative atrial fibrillation by inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome in sterile pericarditis mice. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Post-stroke treatment with argon preserved neurons and attenuated microglia/macrophage activation long-termly in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Sci Rep 2022; 12:691. [PMID: 35027642 PMCID: PMC8758662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from our group, argon has shown to significantly attenuate brain injury, reduce brain inflammation and enhance M2 microglia/macrophage polarization until 7 days after ischemic stroke. However, the long-term effects of argon have not been reported thus far. In the present study, we analyzed the underlying neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of argon, up to 30 days after ischemic stroke. Argon administration with a 3 h delay after stroke onset and 1 h after reperfusion demonstrated long-term neuroprotective effect by preserving the neurons at the ischemic boundary zone 30 days after stroke. Furthermore, the excessive microglia/macrophage activation in rat brain was reduced by argon treatment 30 days after ischemic insult. However, long-lasting neurological improvement was not detectable. More sensorimotor functional measures, age- and disease-related models, as well as further histological and molecular biological analyses will be needed to extend the understanding of argon’s neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action after ischemic stroke.
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17
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Rehnström M, Ahnstedt H, Krause DN, Edvinsson ML, Haanes KA, Edvinsson L. Ovariectomy Reduces Vasocontractile Responses of Rat Middle Cerebral Arteries After Focal Cerebral Ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:e122-e128. [PMID: 34654785 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Effects of sex hormones on stroke outcome are not fully understood. A deleterious consequence of cerebral ischemia is upregulation of vasoconstrictor receptors in cerebral arteries that exacerbate stroke injury. Here, we tested the hypothesis that female sex hormones alter vasocontractile responses after experimental stroke in vivo or after organ culture in vitro, a model of vasocontractile receptor upregulation. Female rats with intact ovaries and ovariectomized (OVX) females treated with 17β-estradiol, progesterone, or placebo were subjected to transient, unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion (I/R). The maximum contractile response, measured my wire myography, in response to the endothelin B receptor agonist sarafotoxin 6c was increased in female arteries after I/R, but the maximum response was significantly lower in arteries from OVX females. Maximum contraction mediated by the serotonin agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine was diminished after I/R, with arteries from OVX females showing a greater decrease in maximum contractile response. Contraction elicited by angiotensin II was similar in all arteries. Neither estrogen nor progesterone treatment of OVX females affected I/R-induced changes in endothelin B- and 5-carboxamidotryptamine-induced vasocontraction. These findings suggest that sex hormones do not directly influence vasocontractile alterations that occur after ischemic stroke; however, loss of ovarian function does impact this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmi Rehnström
- Department of Experimental Vasc Res, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Experimental Vasc Res, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Diana N Krause
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | | | | | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Experimental Vasc Res, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Denmark
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18
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Zhou J, Shen JY, Man XY, Li W, Chen JQ, Cai SQ, Zheng M. Differential Regulation of Integrin α5 and β4 in Normal and Psoriatic Epidermal Keratinocytes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | | | - Min Zheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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Huang S, Tan Z, Cai J, Wang Z, Tian Y. Myrtenol improves brain damage and promotes angiogenesis in rats with cerebral infarction by activating the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:584-593. [PMID: 34010584 PMCID: PMC8143630 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1917626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has a high disability and fatality worldwide. Myrtenol has protective effects on myocardial I/R injury through antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of myrtenol on cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cerebral I/R injury was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. MCAO rats were treated with or without myrtenol (10, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day) or/and U0126 (10 μL) intraperitoneally for 7 days. RESULTS In the present study, myrtenol had no toxicity at concentrations up to 1.3 g/kg. Myrtenol treatment improved neurological function of MCAO rats, with significantly (p < 0.05) improved neurological deficits (4.31 ± 1.29 vs. 0.00) and reduced brain edoema (78.95 ± 2.27% vs. 85.48 ± 1.24%). Myrtenol extenuated brain tissue injury and neuronal apoptosis, with increased Bcl-2 expression (0.48-fold) and decreased Bax expression (2.02-fold) and caspase-3 activity (1.36-fold). Myrtenol promoted angiogenesis in the brain tissues of MCAO rats, which was reflected by increased VEGF (0.86-fold) and FGF2 (0.51-fold). Myrtenol promoted the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 (0.80-fold) and ERK1/2 (0.97-fold) in MCAO rats. U0126, the inhibitor of ERK1/2 pathway, reversed the protective effects of myrtenol on brain tissue damage and angiogenesis in MCAO rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Myrtenol reduced brain damage and angiogenesis through activating the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which may provide a novel alternative strategy for preventing cerebral I/R injury. Further in vitro work detailing its mechanism-of-action for improving ischaemic cerebral infarction is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
| | - Zhanguo Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
| | - Jirui Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City, China
- Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- CONTACT Yuejun Tian Department of Neurology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe City462000, China; Institute of Urology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730030, China
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Wolf VL, Ergul A. Progress and challenges in preclinical stroke recovery research. Brain Circ 2021; 7:230-240. [PMID: 35071838 PMCID: PMC8757504 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_33_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant innovations in the management of acute ischemic stroke have led to an increased incidence in the long-term complications of stroke. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvements in and refinement of rehabilitation interventions that can lead to functional and neuropsychological recovery. The goal of this review is to summarize the current progress and challenges involved with preclinical stroke recovery research. Moving forward, stroke recovery research should be placing an increased emphasis on the incorporation of comorbid diseases and biological variables in preclinical models in order to overcome translational roadblocks to establishing successful clinical rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lea Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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21
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Spray S, Haanes KA, Edvinsson L, Johansson SE. Subacute phase of subarachnoid haemorrhage in female rats: Increased intracranial pressure, vascular changes and impaired sensorimotor function. Microvasc Res 2021; 135:104127. [PMID: 33359306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has devastating consequences but therapeutic options and the underlying pathogenesis remain poorly understood despite extensive preclinical and clinical research. One of the drawbacks of most preclinical studies to date is that the mechanisms behind DCI after SAH are studied only in male animals. In this study we therefore established a female rat model of SAH in order to determine subacute pathophysiological changes that may contribute to DCI in females. METHODS Experimental SAH was induced in female rats by intracisternal injection of 300 μL of autologous blood. Sham operation served as a control. Neurological deficits and intracranial pressure measurements were evaluated at both 1 and 2 days after surgery. Additionally, changes in cerebral vascular contractility were evaluated 2 days after surgery using wire myography. RESULTS SAH in female rats resulted in sensorimotor deficits and decreased general wellbeing on both day 1 and day 2 after SAH. Intracranial pressure uniformly increased in all rats subjected to SAH on day 1. On day 2 the intracranial pressure had increased further, decreased slightly or remained at the level seen on day 1. Furthermore, female rats subjected to SAH developed cortical brain edema. Cerebral arteries, isolated 2 days after SAH, exhibited increased vascular contractions to endothelin-1 and 5-carboxamidotryptamine. CONCLUSION In the subacute phase after SAH in female rats, we observed increased intracranial pressure, decreased wellbeing, sensorimotor deficits, increased vascular contractility and cortical brain edema. Collectively, these pathophysiological changes may contribute to DCI after SAH in females. Previous studies reported similar pathophysiological changes for male rats in the subacute phase after SAH. Thus, prevention of these gender-independent mechanisms may provide the basis for a universal treatment strategy for DCI after SAH. Nevertheless, preclinical studies of potential therapies should employ both male and female SAH models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Spray
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup-Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup-Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup-Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Ellinor Johansson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup-Rigshospitalet, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
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Huang P, Wu SP, Wang N, Seto S, Chang D. Hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviates cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing apoptosis via mitochondrial permeability transition pore. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153532. [PMID: 33735723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are key cellular organelles that are essential for cell fate decisions. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) has displayed an impressively essential role in protection of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the mitochondrial effect of HSYA on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (BMECs) under I/R remains to be largely unclear. PURPOSE To evaluate the protective effects of HSYA-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) on cerebral I/R injury and its mechanism. METHODS Cerebral I/R injury was established by the model of Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Furthermore, to further clarify the relevant mechanism of HSYA's effects on mPTP, inhibition of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) with U0126 and transfect with Cyclophilin D (CypD) SiRNA to reversely verified whether the protective effects of HSYA were exerted by regulating the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK/CypD pathway. RESULTS HSYA treatment significantly increased BMECs viability, decreased the generation of ROS, opening of mPTP and translocation of cytochrome c after OGD/R. In addition to inhibited CypD, HSYA potentiated MEK and increased phosphorylation of ERK expression in BMECs, inhibited apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial. Notably, HSYA also significantly ameliorated neurological deficits and decreased the infarct volume in rats. CONCLUSION HSYA reduced the CytC export from mitochondrial by inhibited the open of mPTP via MEK/ERK/CypD pathway, contributing to the protection of I/R. Thus, our study not only revealed novel mechanisms of HSYA for its anti-I/R function, but also provided a template for the design of novel mPTP inhibitor for the treatment of various mPTP-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Si-Peng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Saiwang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dennis Chang
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University; Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Wang D, Shi S, Ren T, Zhang Y, Guo P, Wang J, Wang W. U0126 pretreatment inhibits cisplatin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HEI-OC1 cells and cochlear hair cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115447. [PMID: 33577918 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deafness is the most common sensory disorder in the world. Ototoxic drugs are common inducing factors of sensorineural hearing loss, and cochlear hair cell (HC) damage is the main concern of the present studies. Cisplatin is a widely used, highly effective antitumor drug, but some patients have experienced irreversible hearing loss as a result of its application. This hearing loss is closely related to HC apoptosis and autophagy. U0126 is a specific inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway and has neuroprotective effects. For example, the neuroprotective effect of U0126 on ischemic stroke has been widely recognized. In neural cells, U0126 can prevent death due to excess glutamate, dopamine, or zinc ions. However, no studies of U0126 and ototoxic drug-induced injury have been reported to date. In the present study, we found that U0126 pretreatment significantly reduced the apoptosis and autophagy of HCs in auditory House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells and cochlear HCs. In addition, U0126 reduced the cisplatin-induced production of reactive oxygen species as well as the cisplatin-induced decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest that U0126 may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Suming Shi
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tongli Ren
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wuqing Wang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai 200031, China.
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24
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Shi ZF, Fang Q, Chen Y, Xu LX, Wu M, Jia M, Lu Y, Wang XX, Wang YJ, Yan X, Dong LP, Yuan F. Methylene blue ameliorates brain edema in rats with experimental ischemic stroke via inhibiting aquaporin 4 expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:382-392. [PMID: 32665706 PMCID: PMC8027449 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain edema is a common and serious complication of ischemic stroke with limited effective treatment. We previously reported that methylene blue (MB) attenuated ischemic brain edema in rats, but the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in astrocytes plays a key role in brain edema. We also found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation was involved in the regulation of AQP4 expression in astrocytes. In the present study, we investigated whether AQP4 and ERK1/2 were involved in the protective effect of MB against cerebral edema. Rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), MB (3 mg/kg, for 30 min) was infused intravenously through the tail vein started immediately after reperfusion and again at 3 h after ischemia (1.5 mg/kg, for 15 min). Brain edema was determined by MRI at 0.5, 2.5, and 48 h after tMCAO. The decreases of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on diffusion-weighted MRI indicated cytotoxic brain edema, whereas the increase of T2 MRI values reflected vasogenic brain edema. We found that MB infusion significantly ameliorated cytotoxic brain edema at 2.5 and 48 h after tMCAO and decreased vasogenic brain edema at 48 h after tMCAO. In addition, MB infusion blocked the AQP4 increases and ERK1/2 activation in the cerebral cortex in ischemic penumbra at 48 h after tMCAO. In a cell swelling model established in cultured rat astrocyte exposed to glutamate (1 mM), we consistently found that MB (10 μM) attenuated cell swelling, AQP4 increases and ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 μM) had the similar effects as MB. These results demonstrate that MB improves brain edema and astrocyte swelling, which may be mediated by the inhibition of AQP4 expression via ERK1/2 pathway, suggesting that MB may be a potential choice for the treatment of brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fang Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Li-Xin Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Mei Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Li-Ping Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing, 100070, China.
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25
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Rehnström M, Frederiksen SD, Ansar S, Edvinsson L. Transcriptome profiling revealed early vascular smooth muscle cell gene activation following focal ischemic stroke in female rats - comparisons with males. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:883. [PMID: 33297959 PMCID: PMC7726885 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women account for 60% of all stroke deaths and are more often permanently disabled than men, despite their higher observed stroke incidence. Considering the clinical population affected by stroke, an obvious drawback is that many pre-clinical and clinical studies only investigate young males. To improve therapeutic translation from bench to bedside, we believe that it is advantageous to include both sexes in experimental models of stroke. The aims of this study were to identify early cerebral vascular responses to ischemic stroke in females, compare the differential gene expression patterns with those seen in males, and identify potential new therapeutic targets. Results Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) was used to induce stroke in both female and male rats, the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were isolated 3 h post reperfusion and RNA was extracted. Affymetrix whole transcriptome expression profiling was performed on female (n = 12) MCAs to reveal differentially expressed genes. In total, 1076 genes had an increased expression and 879 genes a decreased expression in the occluded MCAs as compared with the control MCAs from female rats. An enrichment of genes related to apoptosis, regulation of transcription, protein autophosphorylation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue repair and recovery were seen in the occluded MCA. The high expression genes chosen for qPCR verification (Adamts4, Olr1, JunB, Fosl1, Serpine1, S1pr3, Ccl2 and Socs3) were all shown to be upregulated in the same manner in both females and males after tMCAO (p < 0.05; n = 23). When comparing the differentially expressed genes in female MCAs (occluded and non-occluded) with our previous findings in males after tMCAO, a total of 297 genes overlapped (all groups had 32 genes in common). Conclusions The cascades of processes initiated in the vasculature following reperfusion are complex. Dynamic gene expression alterations were observed in the occluded MCAs, and to a less pronounced degree in the non-occluded MCAs. Dysregulation of inflammation and blood-brain barrier breakdown are possible pharmacological targets. The sample of genes (< 1% of the differentially expressed genes) validated for this microarray did not reveal any sex differences. However, sex differences might be observed for other gene targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07295-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmi Rehnström
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S22185, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Saema Ansar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S22185, Lund, Sweden.
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26
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Xiao B, Liu F, Jin YH, Jin YQ, Wang L, Lu JC, Yang XC. Renal sympathetic denervation attenuates left ventricle hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats by suppressing the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 43:142-150. [PMID: 33070656 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1833022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on left ventricle hypertrophy and the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS SHRs were divided into SHR, SHR + Sham, SHR + RSD and SHR + U0126 groups, with WKY rats as the baseline controls. The blood pressure of rats was observed, while myocardial fibrosis was evaluated through Masson staining. Thereafter, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out to determine the levels of myocardial-hypertrophy-related markers, and Western blotting was used to measure the activity of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. RESULTS In comparison with the WKY group, significant increases were observed in the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of rats from the other four groups at different time points after surgery. In addition, rats in these groups had obvious increases in LVMI, renal NE and IVSd and decreases in LVEDd, LVEF and LVFS. In addition, the CVF of myocardial tissues was increased, with the upregulation of ANP, BNP and β-MHC and the downregulation of α-MHC. For the activity of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, the levels of p-Raf/Raf, p-MEK/MEK and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 were all remarkably elevated (all P < .05). Further comparison with the SHR group showed that the above indexes in the rats were significantly improved in the RSD group and SHR + U0126 group (all P < .05). CONCLUSION RSD may decrease blood pressure, mitigate hypertension-induced left ventricle hypertrophy and improve cardiac function efficiently in SHRs via the suppression of the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye-Hui Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Chao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiu-Chun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
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Pan L, Ni H, Jin W, Su X. Inhibition of ERK or Akt ameliorates intimal hyperplasia via up-regulation of Cx37 and down-regulation of Cx43 in balloon injury rat model. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:658-666. [PMID: 32968622 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Connexins (Cxs) are reported to participate in atherosclerosis associated intimal hyperplasia (IH), while their function involved in the balloon injury (BI) induced IH and restenosis is less reported. Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to not injured (NI) group and BI group, which were further administrated with ERK-inhibitor U0216 and Akt-inhibitor MIK2206. Western blot and RT-PCR were utilized to detect the expression of Cx30, Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 at 6 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, and 14 days post-surgery. H&E staining and related intima area, media area, and luminal area measurement were applied to indicate neointima formation and IH. ERK and Akt phosphorylation levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining were also detected. Results Among the four Cxs detected, Cx37 showed down-regulated, and Cx43 showed up-regulated temporal expression pattern in BI rats with confirmed neointima formation. Up-regulated p-ERK (P<0.01) and p-Akt (P<0.01) can be detected in BI rats compared with NI rats. Meanwhile, U0216 and MIK2206 can significantly reduce Cx43 expression and increase CX37 expression accompanied with reduced neointima formation and PCNA staining (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in BI rats. Conclusions ERK or Akt inhibition can alleviate BI-induced IH via up-regulation of Cx37 and down-regulation of Cx43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemen Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haizhen Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenxu Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Su
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chronic real-time particulate matter exposure causes rat pulmonary arteriole hyperresponsiveness and remodeling: The role of ET BR-ERK1/2 signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115154. [PMID: 32710959 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is associated with the incidence of respiratory diseases. The present study evaluated the pulmonary vascular system injury by chronic real-time particulate matter (PM10) exposure and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Rats were exposed to PM10 or filtered air for 2 to 4 months using a whole body exposure system, and intraperitoneally injected with the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Right heart catheterization and myography were performed to detect lung function and pulmonary vascular reactivity, respectively. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histological analyses were used to detect the effects and mechanisms by which PM10 exposure-induced pulmonary vascular dysfunction. Functional experiment results showed that PM10 exposure increased the pulmonary artery pressure of rats and caused endothelin B receptor (ETBR)-mediated pulmonary arteriole hyperreactivity. U0126 significantly rescued these pathological changes. PM10 exposure upregulated the contractile ETBR of pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle, and damaged pulmonary artery endothelial cells to induce the release of more endothelin 1 (ET-1). The upregulated ETBR bound to increased ET-1 induced pulmonary arteriolar hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. U0126 inhibited the PM10 exposure-induced upregulation of ETBR in pulmonary arteriole, ETBR-mediated pulmonary arterial hyperresponsiveness and vascular remodeling. In conclusion, chronic real-time particulate matter exposure can activate the ERK1/2 signaling, thereby inducing the upregulation of contractile ETBR in pulmonary arteriole, which may be involved in pulmonary arteriole hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in rats. These findings provide new mechanistic evidence of PM10 exposure-induced respiratory diseases, and a new possible target for treatment.
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The Class III PI3K/Beclin-1 Autophagic Pathway Participates in the mmLDL-Induced Upregulation of ET A Receptor in Mouse Mesenteric Arteries. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:5070436. [PMID: 32309807 PMCID: PMC7152935 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5070436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The current study explored the effect of mmLDL on the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor in mouse mesenteric arteries in vivo, as well as the role of autophagy in this process. mmLDL was injected via the caudal vein, and the Class III PI3K autophagic pathway inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was injected intraperitoneally. The animals were divided into physiological saline (NS), mmLDL, and mmLDL + 3-MA groups. The dose-effect curve of endothelin-1- (ET-1-) induced mesenteric artery contraction was measured using myography, while ETA receptor mRNA expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions, and the protein levels of the ETA receptor, class III PI3K, Beclin-1, LC3 II/I, p62, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB were observed using Western blot analysis. mmLDL significantly strengthened ET-1-induced contraction (the Emax value increased from 184.87 ± 7.46% in the NS group to 319.91 ± 20.31% in the mmLDL group (P < 0.001), and the pEC50 value increased from 8.05 ± 0.05 to 9.11 ± 0.09 (P < 0.01). In addition to upregulating the protein levels of Class III PI3K, Beclin-1, and LC3 II/I and downregulating that of p62, mmLDL significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein level of the ETA receptor and increased the protein level of p-NF-κB. However, these effects were significantly inhibited by 3-MA. mmLDL activates autophagy via the Class III PI3K/Beclin-1 pathway and upregulates the ETA receptor via the downstream NF-κB pathway. Understanding the effect of mmLDL on the ETA receptor and the underlying mechanisms may provide a new idea for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Li Z, Lu J, Ma L, Wu C, Xu Z, Chen X, Ye X, Wang R, Zhao Y. dl-3-n-butylphthalide for alleviation of neurological deficit after combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization for moyamoya disease: a propensity score-matched analysis. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:421-433. [PMID: 30771781 DOI: 10.3171/2018.10.jns182152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postoperative neurological deficits impair the overall outcome of revascularization surgery for patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is approved for the treatment of ischemic stroke in China. This pilot study evaluated the effect of NBP on perioperative stroke and neurological deficits in patients with MMD. METHODS The authors studied cases in which patients underwent combined revascularization surgery for MMD at their institution, with or without NBP administration. The overall study group included 164 patients (213 surgically treated hemispheres), including 49 patients who received NBP (25 mg twice daily) for 7 postoperative days. The incidence of perioperative stroke and transient neurological deficit (TND) and the severity of neurological deficits were compared between 49 propensity score-matched case pairs with or without NBP treatment. Subgroup analyses by type of onset and preoperative neurological status were also performed to determine specific characteristics of patients who might benefit from NBP administration. RESULTS In the overall cohort, baseline characteristics differed with respect to preoperative stroke and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score between patients who received NBP and those who did not receive it. In the 49 propensity score-matched pairs, postoperative stroke was observed in 11 patients and TND occurred in 21 patients, with no significant difference in incidence between the 2 groups. However, the TND was less severe in the NBP-treated group (p = 0.01). At 1 month after surgery, the neurological outcome was more favorable (p = 0.001) and the disability-free recovery rate was higher in patients with NBP treatment (p < 0.001). The number of patients who experienced an improved neurological function, compared to preoperative function, as measured by mRS, was greater in the NBP group than in the no-NBP group (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that NBP administration was associated with decreased severity of TND (OR 0.28, p = 0.02), improved neurological function (OR 65.29, p = 0.04), and lower postoperative mRS score (OR 0.06, p < 0.001). These beneficial effects of NBP remained significant in ischemic type MMD and patients with preoperative mRS scores of 2 or greater. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative administration of NBP may alleviate perioperative neurological deficits after revascularization surgery for MMD, especially in patients with ischemic MMD and unfavorable preoperative status. The results of this study suggest that randomized controlled trials to assess the potential benefit of NBP in patients with MMD may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongze Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
| | - Junlin Lu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
| | - Li Ma
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
- 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
| | - Chunxue Wu
- 4Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Zongsheng Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
- 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
| | - Xun Ye
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
- 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
| | - Rong Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
- 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
- 3China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases
- 5Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; and
- 6Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, P. R. China
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Qin C, Zhou P, Wang L, Mamtilahun M, Li W, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Wang Y. Dl-3-N-butylphthalide attenuates ischemic reperfusion injury by improving the function of cerebral artery and circulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2011-2021. [PMID: 29762050 PMCID: PMC6775578 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18776833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dl-3-N-butylphthalide (NBP) is approved in China for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Previous studies have shown that NBP promotes recovery after stroke via multiple mechanisms. However, the effect of NBP on vascular function and thrombosis remains unclear. Here, we aim to study the effect of NBP on vascular function using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and a state-of-the-art high-resolution synchrotron radiation angiography. Eighty SD rats underwent MCAO surgery. NBP (90 mg/kg) was administrated daily by gavage. Synchrotron radiation angiography was used to evaluate the cerebral vascular perfusion, vasoconstriction, and vasodilation in real-time. Neurological scores, brain infarction and atrophy were evaluated. Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression levels of thrombosis and vasoconstriction-related genes. Results revealed that NBP attenuated thrombosis after MCAO and reduced brain infarct and atrophy volume. NBP administrated at 1 and 4 h after MCAO prevented the vasoconstriction of the artery and maintained its diameter at normal level. Administrated at one week after surgery, NBP functioned as a vasodilator in rats after MCAO while displayed no vasodilating effect in sham group. Our results suggested that NBP attenuates brain injury via increasing the regional blood flow by reducing thrombosis and vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qin
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Panting Zhou
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyassar Mamtilahun
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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32
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Deng J, Xu T, Yang J, Zhang KM, Li Q, Yu XY, Li R, Fu J, Jiang Q, Ma JX, Chen YM. Sema7A, a brain immune regulator, regulates seizure activity in PTZ-kindled epileptic rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:101-116. [PMID: 31179640 PMCID: PMC6930824 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) plays an important role in the immunoregulation of the brain. In our study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of Sema7A in epilepsy and further explore the roles of Sema7A in the regulation of seizure activity and the inflammatory response in PTZ‐kindled epileptic rats. Methods First, we measured the Sema7A expression levels in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in rats of a PTZ‐kindled epilepsy rat model. Second, to explore the role of Sema7A in the regulation of seizure activity, we conducted epilepsy‐related behavioral experiments after knockdown and overexpression of Sema7A in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Possible Sema7A‐related brain immune regulators (eg, ERK phosphorylation, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) were also investigated. Additionally, the growth of mossy fibers was visualized by anterograde tracing using injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the DG region. Results Sema7A expression was markedly upregulated in the brain tissues of TLE patients and rats of the epileptic model after PTZ kindling. After knockdown of Sema7A, seizure activity was suppressed based on the latency to the first epileptic seizure, number of seizures, and duration of seizures. Conversely, overexpression of Sema7A promoted seizures. Overexpression of Sema7A increased the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, ERK phosphorylation, and growth of mossy fibers in PTZ‐kindled epileptic rats. Conclusion Sema7A is upregulated in the epileptic brain and plays a potential role in the regulation of seizure activity in PTZ‐kindled epileptic rats, which may be related to neuroinflammation. Sema7A promotes the inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 as well as the growth of mossy fibers through the ERK pathway, suggesting that Sema7A may promote seizures by increasing neuroinflammation and activating pathological neural circuits. Sema7A plays a critical role in epilepsy and could be a potential therapeutic target for this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chonqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Jing-Xi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chonqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
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33
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Liu J, Nolte K, Brook G, Liebenstund L, Weinandy A, Höllig A, Veldeman M, Willuweit A, Langen KJ, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Post-stroke treatment with argon attenuated brain injury, reduced brain inflammation and enhanced M2 microglia/macrophage polarization: a randomized controlled animal study. Crit Care 2019; 23:198. [PMID: 31159847 PMCID: PMC6547472 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, argon has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in an array of models. However, the mechanisms by which argon exerts its neuroprotective characteristics remain unclear. Accumulating evidence imply that argon may exert neuroprotective effects via modulating the activation and polarization of microglia/macrophages after ischemic stroke. In the present study, we analyzed the underlying neuroprotective effects of delayed argon application until 7 days after reperfusion and explored the potential mechanisms. METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion or sham surgery randomly for 2 h using the endoluminal thread model. Three hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion induction and 1 h after reperfusion, animals received either 50% vol Argon/50% vol O2 or 50% vol N2/50% vol O2 for 1 h. The primary outcome was the 6-point neuroscore from 24 h to d7 after reperfusion. Histological analyses including infarct volume, survival of neurons (NeuN) at the ischemic boundary zone, white matter integrity (Luxol Fast Blue), microglia/macrophage activation (Iba1), and polarization (Iba1/Arginase1 double staining) on d7 were conducted as well. Sample size calculation was performed using nQuery Advisor + nTerim 4.0. Independent t test, one-way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were performed, respectively, for statistical analysis (SPSS 23.0). RESULTS The 6-point neuroscore from 24 h to d7 after reperfusion showed that tMCAO Ar group displayed significantly improved neurological performance compared to tMCAO N2 group (p = 0.026). The relative numbers of NeuN-positive cells in the ROIs of tMCAO Ar group significantly increased compared to tMCAO N2 group (p = 0.010 for cortex and p = 0.011 for subcortex). Argon significantly suppressed the microglia/macrophage activation as revealed by Iba1 staining (p = 0.0076) and promoted the M2 microglia/macrophage polarization as revealed by Iba1/Arginase 1 double staining (p = 0.000095). CONCLUSIONS Argon administration with a 3 h delay after stroke onset and 1 h after reperfusion significantly alleviated neurological deficit within the first week and preserved the neurons at the ischemic boundary zone 7 days after stroke. Moreover, argon reduced the excessive microglia/macrophage activation and promoted the switch of microglia/macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Studies making efforts to further elucidate the protective mechanisms and to benefit the translational application are of great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kay Nolte
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gary Brook
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa Liebenstund
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Weinandy
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Veldeman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Willuweit
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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34
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Wu SP, Li D, Wang N, Hou JC, Zhao L. YiQi Tongluo Granule against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Freezing GluN2B and CaMK II through NMDAR/ERK1/2 Signaling. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:244-252. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-peng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Dan Li
- Jing-Jin-Ji Joint Innovation Pharmaceutical (Beijing) Co., Ltd
| | - Ning Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Jin-cai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
| | - Li Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education
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35
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Zeng ZS, Lin J, Xu CB, Cao L, Chen C, Li J. Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein upregulates the ET B and α 1 receptors in mouse mesenteric arteries in vivo by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 71:937-944. [PMID: 30663067 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to explore whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) via tail vein injection upregulates the ETB and α1 receptors in mouse mesenteric arteries by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS The contraction curves of the mesenteric arteries caused by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c, ETB receptor agonist) and phenylephrine (PE, α1 receptor agonist) were measured by a myograph system. Serum oxLDL was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The levels of the ETB receptor, the α1 receptor, PI3K, p-PI3K and p-Akt were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. KEY FINDINGS Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein noticeably enhanced the contraction effect curves of S6c and PE, with significantly increased Emax values (P < 0.01), compared to those of the control group. This treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of the ETB and α1 receptors and the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in the vessel wall (P < 0.01). LY294002 inhibited the effect of mmLDL. CONCLUSIONS An increase in mmLDL activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, which upregulated the expression of the ETB and α1 receptors and enhanced the ETB and α1- receptor-mediated contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-San Zeng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
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36
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Feczkó T, Piiper A, Ansar S, Blixt FW, Ashtikar M, Schiffmann S, Ulshöfer T, Parnham MJ, Harel Y, Israel LL, Lellouche JP, Wacker MG. Stimulating brain recovery after stroke using theranostic albumin nanocarriers loaded with nerve growth factor in combination therapy. J Control Release 2018; 293:63-72. [PMID: 30458203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
For many years, delivering drug molecules across the blood brain barrier has been a major challenge. The neuropeptide nerve growth factor is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of cholinergic neurons and holds great potential in the treatment of stroke. However, as with many other compounds, the biomolecule is not able to enter the central nervous system. In the present study, nerve growth factor and ultra-small particles of iron oxide were co-encapsulated into a chemically crosslinked albumin nanocarrier matrix which was modified on the surface with apolipoprotein E. These biodegradable nanoparticles with a size of 212 ± 1 nm exhibited monodisperse size distribution and low toxicity. They delivered NGF through an artificial blood brain barrier and were able to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells in vitro. In an animal model of stroke, the infarct size was significantly reduced compared to the vehicle control. The combination therapy of NGF and the small-molecular MEK inhibitor U0126 showed a slight but not significant difference compared to U0126 alone. However, further in vivo evidence suggests that successful delivery of the neuropeptide is possible as well as the synergism between those two treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tivadar Feczkó
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Saema Ansar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank W Blixt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mukul Ashtikar
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulshöfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Yifat Harel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | | | | | - Matthias G Wacker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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37
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Blixt FW, Haanes KA, Ohlsson L, Dreisig K, Fedulov V, Warfvinge K, Edvinsson L. MEK/ERK/1/2 sensitive vascular changes coincide with retinal functional deficit, following transient ophthalmic artery occlusion. Exp Eye Res 2018; 179:142-149. [PMID: 30439349 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia remains a major cause of blindness in the world with few acute treatments available. Recent emphasis on retinal vasculature and the ophthalmic artery's vascular properties after ischemia has shown an increase in vasoconstrictive functionality, as previously observed in cerebral arteries following stroke. Specifically, endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction regulated by the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway. In this study, the ophthalmic artery of rats was occluded for 2 h with the middle cerebral artery occlusion model. MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was administered at 0, 6, and 24 h following reperfusion and the functional properties of the ophthalmic artery were evaluated at 48 h post reperfusion. Additionally, retinal function was evaluated at day 1, 4, and 7 after reperfusion. Occlusion of the ophthalmic artery led to a significant increase of endothelin-1 mediated vasoconstriction which can be attenuated by U0126 treatment, most evident at higher ET-1 concentrations of 10-7 M (Emax151.0 ± 22.0% of 60 mM K+), vs non-treated ischemic arteries Emax 212.1 ± 14.7% of 60 mM K+). Retinal function also deteriorated following ischemia and was improved with treatment with a-wave amplitudes of 725 ± 36 μV in control, 560 ± 21 μV in non-treated, and 668 ± 73 μV in U0126 treated at 2 log cd*s/m2 luminance in the acute stages (1 days post-ischemia). Full spontaneous retinal recovery was observed at day 7 regardless of treatment. In conclusion, this is the first study to show a beneficial in vivo effect of U0126 on vascular contractility following ischemia in the ophthalmic artery. Coupled with the knowledge obtained from cerebral vasculature, these results point towards a novel therapeutic approach following ischemia-related injuries to the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Blixt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Dreisig
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Vadim Fedulov
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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López-Morales MA, Castelló-Ruiz M, Burguete MC, Jover-Mengual T, Aliena-Valero A, Centeno JM, Alborch E, Salom JB, Torregrosa G, Miranda FJ. Molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective role of atrial natriuretic peptide in experimental acute ischemic stroke. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 472:1-9. [PMID: 29842904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Along with its role in regulating blood pressure and fluid homeostasis, the natriuretic peptide system could be also part of an endogenous protective mechanism against brain damage. We aimed to assess the possibility that exogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) could protect against acute ischemic stroke, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. Three groups of rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO, intraluminal filament technique, 60 min) received intracerebroventricular vehicle, low-dose ANP (0.5 nmol) or high-dose ANP (2.5 nmol), at 30 min reperfusion. Neurofunctional condition, and brain infarct and edema volumes were measured at 24 h after tMCAO. Apoptotic cell death and expression of natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A and NPR-C), K+ channels (KATP, KV and BKCa), and PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways were analyzed. Significant improvement in neurofunctional status, associated to reduction in infarct and edema volumes, was shown in the high-dose ANP group. As to the molecular mechanisms analyzed, high-dose ANP: 1) reduced caspase-3-mediated apoptosis; 2) did not modify the expression of NPR-A and NPR-C, which had been downregulated by the ischemic insult; 3) induced a significant reversion of ischemia-downregulated KATP channel expression; and 4) induced a significant reversion of ischemia-upregulated pERK2/ERK2 expression ratio. In conclusion, ANP exerts a significant protective role in terms of both improvement of neurofunctional status and reduction in infarct volume. Modulation of ANP on some molecular mechanisms involved in ischemia-induced apoptotic cell death (KATP channels and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway) could account, at least in part, for its beneficial effect. Therefore, ANP should be considered as a potential adjunctive neuroprotective agent improving stroke outcome after successful reperfusion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikahela A López-Morales
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Jover-Mengual
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Centeno
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Alborch
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Miranda
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Blixt FW, Haanes KA, Ohlsson L, Tolstrup Christiansen A, Warfvinge K, Edvinsson L. Increased endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstriction after organ culture in rat and pig ocular arteries can be suppressed with MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitors. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:e619-e625. [PMID: 29369532 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Even though retinal vascular changes following ischaemia have been poorly understood, the upregulation of vasoconstrictive endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors (ETA /ETB ) following global cerebral ischaemia has been described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway is involved in the observed upregulation and whether specific MEK/ERK1/2 inhibitors U0126 and trametinib can prevent it. METHODS The aim was also to localize ETA and ETB receptors using immunohistochemistry in both fresh rat ophthalmic arteries and after 24-hr organ culture and study the receptors functionally using myography. Pig retinal arteries also underwent 24-hr organ culture to validate similar responses across species and the retinal vasculature. RESULTS Results showed that following organ culture there is a significant increase in ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction, in particular via the ETB receptor. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry revealed a clear increase in pERK in the smooth muscle cells of rat ophthalmic artery. U0126 and trametinib were successful in attenuating the functional vasoconstriction in both rat and pig, as well as restoring immunofluorescence of pERK to fresh levels and counteracting ETB expression in the smooth muscle cells of the rat ophthalmic artery. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway in responsible for the increase in functional vasoconstriction via ET-1 receptor in rat ophthalmic and pig retinal arteries. Furthermore, this study is the first to suggest a way of inhibiting and preventing such an increase. With these results, we suggest a novel approach in retinal ischaemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Blixt
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Kristian Agmund Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research; Glostrup Research Institute; Rigshospitalet; Glostrup Denmark
| | - Lena Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | | | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research; Glostrup Research Institute; Rigshospitalet; Glostrup Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research; Glostrup Research Institute; Rigshospitalet; Glostrup Denmark
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Mostajeran M, Wetterling F, W. Blixt F, Edvinsson L, Ansar S. Acute mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 inhibition improves functional recovery and vascular changes after ischaemic stroke in rat-monitored by 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e12985. [PMID: 29055086 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to evaluate the beneficial effect of early mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibition administered at a clinical relevant time-point using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model and a dedicated rodent magnetic resonance imaging system (9.4T) to monitor cerebrovascular changes non-invasively for 2 weeks. METHOD Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male rats for two hours followed by reperfusion. The specific MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 was administered ip at 6 and 24 hours post-reperfusion. Neurological functions were evaluated by 6- and 28-point tests. 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor morphological infarct changes at day 2, 8 and 14 after stroke and to evaluate cerebral perfusion at day 14. Immunohistochemistry evaluation of Ki67 was performed 14 days post-stroke. RESULTS U0126 improved long-term behavioural outcome and significantly reduced infarct size. In addition, cerebral perfusion in U0126-treated animals was improved compared to the vehicle group. Immunohistochemistry showed a significant increase in Ki67+ cells in U0126-treated animals compared to the vehicle group. CONCLUSION Early MEK1/2 inhibition improves long-term functional outcome, promotes recovery processes after stroke and most importantly provides a realistic time window for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mostajeran
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - F. Wetterling
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience; University of Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - F. W. Blixt
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - L. Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - S. Ansar
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Liu Y, Chen XL, Xu CB, Cao L, Lin J, Chen G, Li J. Tail vein injection of mmLDL upregulates mouse mesenteric artery ET B receptors via activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 96-98:33-39. [PMID: 28797761 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Minimally modified low density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the effect of mmLDL on mouse mesenteric artery endothelin type B (ETB) receptors and its molecular mechanism. Mice were injected with normal saline (NS group), mmLDL in the tail vein (mmLDL group), or with both mmLDL and an intraperitoneal injection of the ERK1/2 pathway-specific inhibitor U0126 (mmLDL+U0126 group). The dose-response curve of mesenteric artery contraction induced by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c), the ETB receptor agonist, was measured using a sensitive myograph system. ELISAs, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the serum concentrations of mouse oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) as well as the expression of ETB receptors, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2). The S6c-induced contraction dose-response curve was significantly enhanced by mmLDL treatment and showed a significantly higher Emax value than in the NS group (P<0.001), and the ETB receptor mRNA and protein expression in the vascular wall was significantly higher than in the NS group. The serum concentration and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were also increased by mmLDL treatment, but intraperitoneal injection of U0126 inhibited these changes as well as the increase in p-ERK1/2 protein in the vessel wall caused by mmLDL. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 serum concentrations were positively correlated with the S6c-induced maximum contraction of blood vessels. Increased in vivo levels of mmLDL increased the serum concentrations and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by activating the ERK1/2 pathway, resulting in the expression of ETB receptors and the enhancement of contractile function in vascular smooth muscle. Understanding the effect of mmLDL on ETB receptors and its mechanism can provide ideas for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hu'nan, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China
| | - Gen Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hu'nan, China.
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Chavez-Valdez R, O’Connor M, Perin J, Reyes M, Armstrong J, Parkinson C, Gilmore M, Jennings J, Northington FJ, Lee JK. Sex-specific associations between cerebrovascular blood pressure autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury in neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:759-766. [PMID: 28141793 PMCID: PMC5561426 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary injury is common in neonatal encephalopathy, but the link with cerebrovascular dysfunction is unknown. We hypothesized that alterations of cerebral autoregulation are associated with cardiopulmonary injury in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal encephalopathy. METHODS The cerebral hemoglobin volume index (HVx) from near-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with optimal autoregulatory vasoreactivity (MAPOPT). We measured associations between MAP relative to MAPOPT and indicators of cardiopulmonary injury (duration of mechanical respiratory support and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), milrinone, or steroids). RESULTS We identified associations between cerebrovascular autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury that were often sex-specific. Greater MAP deviation above MAPOPT was associated with shorter duration of intubation in boys but longer ventilatory support in girls. Greater MAP deviation below MAPOPT related to longer intensive care stay in boys. Milrinone was associated with greater MAP deviation below MAPOPT in girls. CONCLUSION MAP deviation from MAPOPT may relate to cardiopulmonary injury after neonatal encephalopathy, and sex may modulate this relationship. Whereas MAP above MAPOPT may protect the brain and lungs in boys, it may be related to cardiopulmonary injury in girls. Future studies are needed to characterize the role of sex in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Chavez-Valdez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew O’Connor
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Perin
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Reyes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jillian Armstrong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Charlamaine Parkinson
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Gilmore
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacky Jennings
- Center for Child and Community Health Research (CCHR), Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frances J. Northington
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Neurosciences Intensive Care Nursery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Sun J, Nan G. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway in neurological diseases: A potential therapeutic target (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1338-1346. [PMID: 28440493 PMCID: PMC5428947 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways are critical modulators of a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and the abnormal activation of some signaling pathways can contribute to disease progression in various conditions. As a result, signaling pathways have emerged as an important tool through which the occurrence and development of diseases can be studied, which may then lead to the development of novel drugs. Accumulating evidence supports a key role for extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in the embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the regulation of adult brain function. ERK1/2, one of the most well characterized members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, regulates a range of processes, from metabolism, motility and inflammation, to cell death and survival. In the nervous system, ERK1/2 regulates synaptic plasticity, brain development and repair as well as memory formation. ERK1/2 is also a potent effector of neuronal death and neuroinflammation in many CNS diseases. This review summarizes recent findings in neurobiological ERK1/2 research, with a special emphasis on findings that clarify our understanding of the processes that regulate the plethora of isoform-specific ERK functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Finally, we suggest some potential therapeutic strategies associated with agents acting on the ERK1/2 signaling to prevent or treat neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Guangxian Nan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Liu Q, Gonzales RJ. Targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase in acute ischaemic stroke. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:712-714. [PMID: 28035739 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Liu
- Department of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute; Phoenix AZ USA
| | - R. J. Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Arizona; Phoenix AZ USA
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Mostajeran M, Edvinsson L, Warfvinge K, Singh R, Ansar S. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 in the acute phase of stroke improves long-term neurological outcome and promotes recovery processes in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:814-824. [PMID: 26595054 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 is activated during acute phase of stroke and contributes to stroke pathology. We have found that acute treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitors decreases infarct size and neurological deficits 2 days after experimental stroke. However, it is not known whether benefits of this inhibition persist long-term. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess neurological function, infarct size and recovery processes 14 days after stroke in male rats to determine long-term outcome following acute treatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. METHODS Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male rats. U0126 or vehicle was given at 0 and 24 h of reperfusion. Neurological function was assessed by staircase, 6-point and 28-point neuroscore tests up to 14 days after induction of stroke. At day 14, infarct volumes were determined and recovery processes were evaluated by measuring protein expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 and nestin. Levels of p-ERK1/2 protein were determined. RESULTS Acute treatment with U0126 significantly improved long-term functional recovery, reduced infarct size, and enhanced Tie-2 and nestin protein expression at 14 days post-stroke. There was no residual blockade of p-ERK1/2 at this time point. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that benefits of early treatment with U0126 persist beyond subacute phase of ischaemic stroke in male rats. Prevention of ERK1/2 activation in the acute phase results in improved long-term functional outcome and enhances later-stage recovery processes. These results expand our understanding of the benefits and promise of using MEK1/2 inhibitors in stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mostajeran
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - L. Edvinsson
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - K. Warfvinge
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - R. Singh
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - S. Ansar
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Ahnstedt H, McCullough LD, Cipolla MJ. The Importance of Considering Sex Differences in Translational Stroke Research. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:261-73. [PMID: 26830778 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and differences between men and women have been documented in incidence, prevalence, and outcome. Here, we reviewed the literature on sex differences in stroke severity, mortality, functional outcome, and response to therapies after ischemic stroke. Many of the sex differences in stroke severity and mortality are explained by differences in baseline demographics such as older age in women. However, women account for more stroke deaths, consistently suffer from worse stroke outcomes, and are more often institutionalized and permanently disabled than men. These sex differences in functional outcome are equalized after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and women may benefit more from treatment than men. However, this may depend on race, as African-American women have less of a response to tPA than other groups. Regarding endovascular treatments, the few existing studies that have investigated sex differences in stroke outcome point to equal benefit in both sexes; however, many clinical trials are relatively underpowered to detect sex differences. Further, we considered sex-specific effects in animal models of stroke and present recommendations for the performance of stroke studies in female animals. The male-biased use of research animals is distinguished from the clinical situation where there is a disproportionate and growing female stroke population. Stroke in women is greatly understudied, and including both sexes is especially important in both preclinical and clinical studies that evaluate potential stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Ave., HSRF 416A, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Ave., HSRF 416A, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
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Zhang L, Chopp M, Lu M, Zhang T, Winter S, Doppler E, Meier D, Chao L, Eapen A, Pabla P, Gang Zhang Z. Cerebrolysin dose-dependently improves neurological outcome in rats after acute stroke: A prospective, randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled study. Int J Stroke 2016; 11:347-55. [PMID: 26763925 DOI: 10.1177/1747493015625645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrolysin is a mixture of neuropeptides and free amino acids that is clinically used for the treatment of stroke. To further standardize treatment schemes, we assessed the dose response of Cerebrolysin on sensorimotor outcome in a rat model of ischemic stroke. METHODS This study was a prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled, preclinical experiment. Male and female Wistar rats, subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion, were randomly treated with Cerebrolysin doses of 0.8, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 ml/kg or placebo, 4 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion for a total of 10 consecutive days. RESULTS The primary outcome was neurologic improvement at day 28, lesion volume, mortality, and animal weight were secondary and safety outcomes, respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.001) dose effect of Cerebrolysin on neurological outcome. Cerebrolysin at a dose of ≥ 2.5 ml/kg significantly (p < 0.001) improved neurological outcome (Mean Estimate (95% CL): 0.8 ml/kg: 6.2 (-6.0/18.4), 2.5 ml/kg: -28.9 (-41.6/-16.2), 5.0 ml/kg: -33.4 (-45.0/-21.7), 7.5 ml/kg: -36.3 (-48.2/-24.4). Higher doses (≥ 2.5 ml/kg) resulted in better recovery; however, differences between effective doses were not significant. Treatment with 5 ml/kg reduced lesion volume (p = 0.016). No treatment gender interactions were found and there were no differences in death or weight loss. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data on Cerebrolysin efficacy demonstrate the feasibility of a preclinical study setup following a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded design with a clinical relevant treatment scheme. Cerebrolysin at doses of ≥ 2.5 ml/kg improved functional outcome and at a dose of 5 ml/kg reduced infarct volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Talan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Winter
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Edith Doppler
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Dieter Meier
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Li Chao
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Anita Eapen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Wang JJ, Chen XL, Xu CB, Jiang GF, Lin J, Liu EQ, Qin XP, Li J. The ERK1/2 pathway participates in the upregulation of the expression of mesenteric artery α1 receptors by intravenous tail injections of mmLDL in mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 77:80-8. [PMID: 26545627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Minimally modified low density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, no studies examining the effect of mmLDL on vascular smooth muscle receptors have been released. The current study investigated the effect of mmLDL on the mesenteric artery α1 adrenoceptor and the molecular mechanisms. Mice were divided into the normal saline (NS), mmLDL, and mmLDL+U0126 groups. In the mmLDL+U0126 group, the animals were subjected to an intravenous tail injection of mmLDL and an intraperitoneal injection of U0126. Vascular tension caused by noradrenaline (NA) in mesenteric arteries was measured with a sensitive myograph system. The serum levels of oxLDL, TNF-α, and IL-1β were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expressions of the α1 adrenoceptor, the α2 adrenoceptor, TNF-α, IL-1β, and pERK1/2 were detected using real-time polymerase chain reactions and Western blot analysis. Compared with the NS group, the mmLDL group exhibited a noticeably enhanced NA shrinkage dose-response curve and a significantly increased Emax value (P<0.01). Prazosin (α1 adrenoceptor antagonist) caused a noticeable right shift of the dose-response curve. U0126 inhibited the increases in the serum levels and vessel wall expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and enhanced the NA shrinkage dose-response curve caused by mmLDL, as observed by a significantly decreased Emax value (P<0.01). It inhibited the increased α1 adrenoceptor expression caused by mmLDL. The serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α demonstrated a positive correlation with the NA-induced maximum shrinkage percentage. U0126 inhibited the mmLDL-induced increase in the pERK1/2 protein level in the vessel wall. In conclusion, mmLDL increased the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in vivo by activating the ERK1/2 pathway, which resulted in α1 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and an increase in the expression of α1 adrenoceptor. The results of this study may provide new ideas for the prevention and cure of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China
| | - Cang-Bao Xu
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gao-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hu'nan, China
| | - Jie Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China
| | - En-Qi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu-Ping Qin
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hu'nan, China
| | - Jie Li
- The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hu'nan, China; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hu'nan, China.
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