1
|
Mu J, Chen C, Ren Z, Liu F, Gu X, Sun J, Liu Y, Geng D, Yang S, Li Q, Liu L, Wang L, Chen X, Xie H, Shen C. Multicenter Validation of lncRNA and Target mRNA Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke From Peripheral Blood Leukocytes. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034764. [PMID: 38979813 PMCID: PMC11292759 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiles in leukocytes have shown potential as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to identify altered lncRNA and target mRNA profiles in peripheral blood leukocytes as biomarkers and to assess the diagnostic value and association with AIS prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and differentially expressed target mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were screened by RNA sequencing in the discovery set, which consisted of 10 patients with AIS and 20 controls. Validation sets consisted of a multicenter (311 AIS versus 303 controls) and a nested case-control study (351 AIS versus 352 controls). The discriminative value of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs added to the traditional risk factors was estimated with the area under the curve. NAMPT-AS, FARP1-AS1, FTH1, and NAMPT were identified in the multicenter case-control study (P<0.05). LncRNA NAMPT-AS was associated with cis-target mRNA NAMPT and trans-target mRNA FTH1 in all validation sets (P<0.001). Similarly, AIS cases exhibited upregulated lncRNA FARP-AS1 and FTH1 expression (P<0.001) in the nested case-control study (P<0.001). Furthermore, lncRNA FARP1-AS1 expression was upregulated in AIS patients at discharge with an unfavorable outcome (P<0.001). Positive correlations were found between NAMPT expression level and NIHSS scores of AIS patients (P<0.05). Adding 2 lncRNAs and 2 target mRNAs to the traditional risk factor model improved area under the curve by 22.8% and 5.2% in the multicenter and the nested case-control studies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS lncRNA NAMPT-AS and FARP1-AS1 have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for AIS and exhibit good performance when combined with target mRNA NAMPT and FTH1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Mu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Changying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zhanyun Ren
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsuChina
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Xincheng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Junxiang Sun
- Department of CardiologyThe Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsuChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Centre for Disease Control and PreventionJurongJiangsuChina
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Third People’s HospitalXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of NeurologyJurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong People’s HospitalJurongJiangsuChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of NeurologyJurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong People’s HospitalJurongJiangsuChina
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of NeurologyThe Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hankun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karunakaran U, Elumalai S, Chung SM, Maedler K, Won KC, Moon JS. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 coordinates the hydrogen sulfide - AMPK axis to attenuate high glucose-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction by glutathione antioxidant system. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102994. [PMID: 38128451 PMCID: PMC10776427 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of β-cell loss in diabetes mellitus is significantly influenced by persistent hyperglycemia. At the cellular level, a number of signaling cascades affect the expression of apoptotic genes, ultimately resulting in β-cell failure; these cascades have not been elucidated. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) plays a central role in the detoxification of reactive aldehydes generated from endogenous and exogenous sources and protects against mitochondrial deterioration in cells. Here we report that under diabetogenic conditions, ALDH2 is strongly inactivated in β-cells through CDK5-dependent glutathione antioxidant imbalance by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) degradation. Intriguingly, CDK5 inhibition strengthens mitochondrial antioxidant defense through ALDH2 activation. Mitochondrial ALDH2 activation selectively preserves β-cells against high-glucose-induced dysfunction by activating AMPK and Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) signaling. This is associated with the stabilization and enhancement of the activity of G6PD by SIRT2, a cytoplasmic NAD+-dependent deacetylase, and is thereby linked to an elevation in the GSH/GSSG ratio, which leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, treatment with NaHS, an H2S donor, selectively preserves β-cell function by promoting ALDH2 activity, leading to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by high-glucose concentrations. Collectively, our results provide the first direct evidence that ALDH2 activation enhances H2S-AMPK-G6PD signaling, leading to improved β-cell function and survival under high-glucose conditions via the glutathione redox balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suma Elumalai
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Chung
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Islet Biology Laboratory, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jackson CW, Xu J, Escobar I, Saul I, Fagerli E, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA. Resveratrol Preconditioning Downregulates PARP1 Protein to Alleviate PARP1-Mediated Cell Death Following Cerebral Ischemia. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:165-178. [PMID: 36633794 PMCID: PMC10336177 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality; however, available therapeutics are limited. The study of ischemic tolerance, in paradigms such as resveratrol preconditioning (RPC), provides promise for the development of novel prophylactic therapies. The heavily oxidative environment following stroke promotes poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)-overactivation and parthanatos, both of which are major contributors to neuronal injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that RPC instills ischemic tolerance through decreasing PARP1 overexpression and parthanatos following in vitro and in vivo cerebral ischemia. To test this hypothesis, we utilized rat primary neuronal cultures (PNCs) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. RPC was administered 2 days preceding ischemic insults. RPC protected PNCs against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal loss, as well as increases in total PARP1 protein, implying protection against PARP1-overactivation. Twelve hours following OGD, we observed reductions in NAD+/NADH as well as an increase in AIF nuclear translocation, but RPC ameliorated NAD+/NADH loss and blocked AIF nuclear translocation. MCAO in the rat induced AIF nuclear translocation in the ischemic penumbra after 24 h, which was ameliorated with RPC. We tested the hypothesis that RPC's neuroprotection was instilled through long-term downregulation of nuclear PARP1 protein. RPC downregulated nuclear PARP1 protein for at least 6 days in PNCs, likely contributing to RPC's ischemic tolerance. This study describes a novel mechanism by which RPC instills prophylaxis against ischemia-induced PARP1 overexpression and parthanatos, through a long-term reduction of nuclear PARP1 protein.
Collapse
Grants
- R01 NS045676 NINDS NIH HHS
- 3R01NS034773, R01NS45676, R01NS054147 NIH HHS
- R01 NS054147 NINDS NIH HHS
- RF1 NS034773 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 NS097658 NINDS NIH HHS
- R01 NS034773 NINDS NIH HHS
- 3R01NS034773, R01NS45676, R01NS054147 NIH HHS
- 3R01NS034773, R01NS45676, R01NS054147 NIH HHS
- 3R01NS034773, R01NS45676, R01NS054147 NIH HHS
- 3R01NS034773, R01NS45676, R01NS054147 NIH HHS
- 3R01NS034773, R01NS45676, R01NS054147 NIH HHS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Jackson
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Iris Escobar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isabel Saul
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Eric Fagerli
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
López-Morales MA, Castelló-Ruiz M, Burguete MC, Hervás D, Pérez-Pinzón MA, Salom JB. Effect and mechanisms of resveratrol in animal models of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:2013-2028. [PMID: 37802493 PMCID: PMC10925864 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231206236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) holds promise as cerebroprotective treatment in cerebral ischemia. This systematic review aims to assess the effects and mechanisms of RSV in animal models of ischemic stroke. We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science to identify 75 and 57 eligible rodent studies for qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Range of evidence met 10 of 13 STAIR criteria. Median (Q1, Q3) quality score was 7 (5, 8) on the CAMARADES 15-item checklist. Bayesian meta-analysis showed SMD estimates (95% CI) favoring RSV: infarct size (-1.72 [-2.03; -1.41]), edema size (-1.61 [-2.24; -0.98]), BBB impairment (-1.85 [-2.54; -1.19]), neurofunctional impairment (-1.60 [-1.92; -1.29]), and motor performance (1.39 [0.64; 2.08]); and less probably neuronal survival (0.63 [-1.40; 2.48]) and apoptosis (-0.96 [-2.87; 1.02]). Species (rat vs mouse) was associated to a larger benefit. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of the estimates. Reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis underlie these effects. Our results quantitatively state the beneficial effects of RSV on structural and functional outcomes in rodent stroke models, update the evidence on the mechanisms of action, and provide an exhaustive list of targeted signaling pathways. Current evidence highlights the need for conducting further high-quality preclinical research to better inform clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikahela A López-Morales
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pérez-Pinzón
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
You Y, Liang W. SIRT1 and SIRT6: The role in aging-related diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166815. [PMID: 37499928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive functional deterioration with increased risk of mortality. It is a complex biological process driven by a multitude of intertwined mechanisms such as increased DNA damage, chronic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes that regulate fundamental biological functions from genomic stability and lifespan to energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. Of the seven mammalian SIRT isotypes (SIRT1-7), SIRT1 and SIRT6 are well-recognized for regulating signaling pathways related to aging. Herein, we review the protective role of SIRT1 and SIRT6 in aging-related diseases at molecular, cellular, tissue, and whole-organism levels. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of SIRT1 and SIRT6 modulators in the treatment of these diseases and challenges thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi You
- Department of General Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adzika GK, Mprah R, Rizvi R, Adekunle AO, Ndzie Noah ML, Wowui PI, Adzraku SY, Adu-Amankwaah J, Wang F, Lin Y, Fu L, Liu X, Xiang J, Sun H. Occlusion preconditioned mice are resilient to hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocarditis and arrhythmias due to enhanced immunomodulation, metabolic homeostasis, and antioxidants defense. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124649. [PMID: 36875113 PMCID: PMC9975755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sea-level residents experience altitude sickness when they hike or visit altitudes above ~2,500 m due to the hypobaric hypoxia (HH) conditions at such places. HH has been shown to drive cardiac inflammation in both ventricles by inducing maladaptive metabolic reprogramming of macrophages, which evokes aggravated proinflammatory responses, promoting myocarditis, fibrotic remodeling, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden deaths. The use of salidroside or altitude preconditioning (AP) before visiting high altitudes has been extensively shown to exert cardioprotective effects. Even so, both therapeutic interventions have geographical limitations and/or are inaccessible/unavailable to the majority of the population as drawbacks. Meanwhile, occlusion preconditioning (OP) has been extensively demonstrated to prevent hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage by triggering endogenous cardioprotective cascades to mitigate myocardial damage. Herein, with the notion that OP can be conveniently applied anywhere, we sought to explore it as an alternative therapeutic intervention for preventing HH-induced myocarditis, remodeling, and arrhythmias. Methods OP intervention (6 cycles of 5 min occlusion with 200 mmHg for 5 min and 5 min reperfusion at 0 mmHg - applying to alternate hindlimb daily for 7 consecutive days) was performed, and its impact on cardiac electric activity, immunoregulation, myocardial remodeling, metabolic homeostasis, oxidative stress responses, and behavioral outcomes were assessed before and after exposure to HH in mice. In humans, before and after the application of OP intervention (6 cycles of 5 min occlusion with 130% of systolic pressure and 5 min reperfusion at 0 mmHg - applying to alternate upper limb daily for 6 consecutive days), all subjects were assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Results Comparing the outcomes of OP to AP intervention, we observed that similar to the latter, OP preserved cardiac electric activity, mitigated maladaptive myocardial remodeling, induced adaptive immunomodulation and metabolic homeostasis in the heart, enhanced antioxidant defenses, and conferred resistance against HH-induce anxiety-related behavior. Additionally, OP enhanced respiratory and oxygen-carrying capacity, metabolic homeostasis, and endurance in humans. Conclusions Overall, these findings demonstrate that OP is a potent alternative therapeutic intervention for preventing hypoxia-induced myocarditis, cardiac remodeling, arrhythmias, and cardiometabolic disorders and could potentially ameliorate the progression of other inflammatory, metabolic, and oxidative stress-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruqayya Rizvi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | - Seyram Yao Adzraku
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Fengli Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuwen Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Role of NAD + and FAD in Ischemic Stroke Pathophysiology: An Epigenetic Nexus and Expanding Therapeutic Repertoire. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4. [PMID: 36180651 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The redox coenzymes viz., oxidized β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by way of generation of optimal reducing power and cellular energy currency (ATP), control a staggering array of metabolic reactions. The prominent cellular contenders for NAD+ utilization, inter alia, are sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), which have been significantly implicated in ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis. NAD+ and FAD are also two crucial epigenetic enzyme-required metabolites mediating histone deacetylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation through SIRTs and PARP-1 respectively, and demethylation through FAD-mediated lysine specific demethylase activity. These enzymes and post-translational modifications impinge on the components of neurovascular unit, primarily neurons, and elicit diverse functional upshots in an ischemic brain. These could be circumstantially linked with attendant cognitive deficits and behavioral outcomes in post-stroke epoch. Parsing out the contribution of NAD+/FAD-synthesizing and utilizing enzymes towards epigenetic remodeling in IS setting, together with their cognitive and behavioral associations, combined with possible therapeutic implications will form the crux of this review.
Collapse
|
8
|
Intracellular Signaling. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Lundt S, Ding S. NAD + Metabolism and Diseases with Motor Dysfunction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1776. [PMID: 34828382 PMCID: PMC8625820 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases result in the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, with motor and cognitive impairments being the two most observable problems. Motor dysfunction could be caused by motor neuron diseases (MNDs) characterized by the loss of motor neurons, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, or other neurodegenerative diseases with the destruction of brain areas that affect movement, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the most abundant metabolites in the human body and is involved with numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism, circadian clock, and DNA repair. NAD+ can be reversibly oxidized-reduced or directly consumed by NAD+-dependent proteins. NAD+ is synthesized in cells via three different paths: the de novo, Preiss-Handler, or NAD+ salvage pathways, with the salvage pathway being the primary producer of NAD+ in mammalian cells. NAD+ metabolism is being investigated for a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss cellular NAD+ homeostasis, looking at NAD+ biosynthesis and consumption, with a focus on the NAD+ salvage pathway. Then, we examine the research, including human clinical trials, focused on the involvement of NAD+ in MNDs and other neurodegenerative diseases with motor dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lundt
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mitochondrial Metabolism behind Region-Specific Resistance to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbil Hippocampus. Role of PKCβII and Phosphate-Activated Glutaminase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168504. [PMID: 34445210 PMCID: PMC8395184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic episodes are a leading cause of death worldwide with limited therapeutic interventions. The current study explored mitochondrial phosphate-activated glutaminase (GLS1) activity modulation by PKCβII through GC-MS untargeted metabolomics approach. Mitochondria were used to elucidate the endogenous resistance of hippocampal CA2-4 and dentate gyrus (DG) to transient ischemia and reperfusion in a model of ischemic episode in gerbils. In the present investigation, male gerbils were subjected to bilateral carotids occlusion for 5 min followed by reperfusion (IR). Gerbils were randomly divided into three groups as vehicle-treated sham control, vehicle-treated IR and PKCβII specific inhibitor peptide βIIV5-3-treated IR. Vehicle or βIIV5-3 (3 mg/kg, i.v.) were administered at the moment of reperfusion. The gerbils hippocampal tissue were isolated at various time of reperfusion and cell lysates or mitochondria were isolated from CA1 and CA2-4,DG hippocampal regions. Recombinant proteins PKCβII and GLS1 were used in in vitro phosphorylation reaction and organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHC) transiently exposed to NMDA (25 μM) to evaluate the inhibition of GLS1 on neuronal viability. PKCβII co-precipitates with GAC (GLS1 isoform) in CA2-4,DG mitochondria and phosphorylates GLS1 in vitro. Cell death was dose dependently increased when GLS1 was inhibited by BPTA while inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) attenuated cell death in NMDA-challenged OHC. Fumarate and malate were increased after IR 1h in CA2-4,DG and this was reversed by βIIV5-3 what correlated with GLS1 activity increases and earlier showed elevation of neuronal death (Krupska et al., 2017). The present study illustrates that CA2-4,DG resistance to ischemic episode at least partially rely on glutamine and glutamate utilization in mitochondria as a source of carbon to tricarboxylic acid cycle. This phenomenon depends on modulation of GLS1 activity by PKCβII and remodeling of MPC: all these do not occur in ischemia-vulnerable CA1.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheng R, Chen JL, Qin ZH. Cerebral conditioning: Mechanisms and potential clinical implications. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
12
|
Pukhalskaia AE, Linkova NS, Diatlova AS, Kozlov KL, Kvetnoy IM, Koroleva MV, Volkov AM. Sirtuins Expression in the Hippocampus and Buccal Epithelium of Elderly and Senile Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057021020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Liu J, Gu Y, Guo M, Ji X. Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning on neurological diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:869-882. [PMID: 34237192 PMCID: PMC8265941 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the organ with the highest demand for oxygen, the brain has a poor tolerance to ischemia and hypoxia. Despite severe ischemia/hypoxia induces the occurrence and development of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, sublethal insult may induce strong protection against subsequent fatal injuries by improving tolerance. Searching for potential measures to improve brain ischemic/hypoxic is of great significance for treatment of ischemia/hypoxia related CNS diseases. Ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning (I/HPC) refers to the approach to give the body a short period of mild ischemic/hypoxic stimulus which can significantly improve the body's tolerance to subsequent more severe ischemia/hypoxia event. It has been extensively studied and been considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in CNS diseases. Its protective mechanisms involved multiple processes, such as activation of hypoxia signaling pathways, anti-inflammation, antioxidant stress, and autophagy induction, etc. As a strategy to induce endogenous neuroprotection, I/HPC has attracted extensive attention and become one of the research frontiers and hotspots in the field of neurotherapy. In this review, we discuss the basic and clinical research progress of I/HPC on CNS diseases, and summarize its mechanisms. Furthermore, we highlight the limitations and challenges of their translation from basic research to clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yakun Gu
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huberman MA, d'Adesky ND, Niazi QB, Perez-Pinzon MA, Bramlett HM, Raval AP. Irisin-Associated Neuroprotective and Rehabilitative Strategies for Stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:62-73. [PMID: 34215971 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, a newly discovered protein hormone that is secreted in response to low frequency whole body vibration (LFV), could be a promising post-stroke rehabilitation therapy for patients who are frail and cannot comply with regular rehabilitation therapy. Irisin is generated from a membrane-bound precursor protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Aside from being highly expressed in muscle, FNDC5 is highly expressed in the brain. The cleaved form of FNDC5 was found in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as in various regions of the brain. Numerous studies suggest that irisin plays a key role in brain metabolism and inflammation regulation. Both the metabolism and inflammation govern stroke outcome, and in a published study, we demonstrated that LFV therapy following middle cerebral artery occlusion significantly reduced innate immune response, improved motor function and infarct volume in reproductively senescent female rats. The observed effect of LFV therapy could be working via irisin, therefore, the current review focuses to understand various aspects of irisin including its mechanism of action on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ann Huberman
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nathan D d'Adesky
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Qismat Bahar Niazi
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Helen M Bramlett
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ami P Raval
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liang J, Han R, Zhou B. Metabolic Reprogramming: Strategy for Ischemic Stroke Treatment by Ischemic Preconditioning. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050424. [PMID: 34064579 PMCID: PMC8151271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and permanent disability worldwide. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is an endogenous protective strategy, which has been reported to exhibit a significant neuroprotective effect in reducing the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms of IPC remain elusive. An increased understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of stroke and IPC serves to highlight the importance of metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the metabolic disorder and metabolic plasticity in the incidence and progression of ischemic stroke. We also elaborate how IPC fully mobilizes the metabolic reprogramming to maintain brain metabolic homeostasis, especially for energy and redox homeostasis, and finally protects brain function in the event of an ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongrong Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Bing Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (R.H.)
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nizinski J, Filberek P, Sibrecht G, Krauze T, Zielinski J, Piskorski J, Wykretowicz A, Guzik P. Non-invasive in vivo human model of post-ischaemic skin preconditioning by measurement of flow-mediated 460-nm autofluorescence. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 87:4283-4292. [PMID: 33792076 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transient ischaemia and reperfusion (TIAR) induce early ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in different tissues and organs, including the skin. IPC protects tissues by modifying the mitochondrial function and decreasing the amount of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Skin 460-nm autofluorescence is proportional to the NADH content and can be non-invasively measured during TIAR. We propose a non-invasive in vivo human model of skin IPC for studying the effects of repeated TIARs on the NADH content. METHODS Fifty-one apparently healthy volunteers (36 women) underwent three 100-second forearm ischaemia episodes induced by inflation of brachial pressure cuff to the pressure of 60 mmHg above systolic blood pressure, followed by 500-second long reperfusion episodes. Changes in skin NADH content were measured using 460-nm fluorescence before and during each of the three TIARs. RESULTS The first two TIARs caused a significant reduction in the skin NADH content before (P = .0065) and during the third ischaemia (P = .0011) and reperfusion (P = .0003) up to 3.0%. During the third TIAR, the increase in skin NADH was 20% lower than during the first ischaemia (P = .0474). CONCLUSIONS The measurement of the 460-nm fluorescence during repeated TIARs allows for a non-invasive in vivo investigation of human skin IPC. Although IPC reduces the overall NADH skin content, the most noticeable NADH reduction appears during ischaemia after earlier TIARs. Studying the skin model of IPC may provide new avenues for in vivo physiological, clinical and pharmacological research on mitochondrial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nizinski
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Filberek
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Greta Sibrecht
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Krauze
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielinski
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Wykretowicz
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Guzik
- Department of Cardiology Intensive Care Therapy and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Potential Therapeutic Role of Phytochemicals to Mitigate Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010023. [PMID: 33379372 PMCID: PMC7823298 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function and neuronal damage. Although the precise pathobiology of AD remains elusive, accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the underlying causes of AD. Mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear DNA that encode mitochondrial components may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. In particular, the dysfunction of electron transport chain complexes, along with the interactions of mitochondrial pathological proteins are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction causes an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress (OS) and vice versa. Neuroinflammation is another potential contributory factor that induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytochemicals or other natural compounds have the potential to scavenge oxygen free radicals and enhance cellular antioxidant defense systems, thereby protecting against OS-mediated cellular damage. Phytochemicals can also modulate other cellular processes, including autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, pharmacological intervention via neuroprotective phytochemicals can be a potential strategy to combat mitochondrial dysfunction as well as AD. This review focuses on the role of phytochemicals in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaempferol protects mitochondria and alleviates damages against endotheliotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110040. [PMID: 32145585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (Kae), a flavonoid, has been found in fruits and other vegetables, possesses many biological activities. 14-3-3 protein exerts protection on various types of injured tissues and cells. Doxorubicin (Dox) causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induces endotheliotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. We hypothesized that Kae could protect vascular endothelium by regulating 14-3-3γ or related pathways against Dox toxicity. HUVECs were established Dox-toxic injury models. Kae's effects were assessed with many physiological, enzymatic, cellular, and molecular biological indexes. Our results showed that Dox-induced damage in HUVECs were reduced through Kae to promote the expression of total protein 14-3-3γ and mitochondrial Bcl-2, phosphorylate Bad, increase cell viability, NO content, DDAHⅡactivity, p-eNOS/eNOS ratio, and MMP levels, maintained NAD+/NADH and GSH/GSSG balance, and decrease LDH and caspase-3 activities, ADMA content, ROS generation, mPTP openness, and apoptosis. Kae's effects were abolished with pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA downregulating 14-3-3γ expression, or ABT-737 inhibiting Bcl-2 activity. This study demonstrated that Kae protected the vascular endothelium against Dox-induced damage by regulating 14-3-3γ and ADMA/DDAHⅡ/eNOS/NO pathway, inhibiting oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates the Endotheliotoxicity and the Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Doxorubicin via 14-3-3 γ/Bcl-2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5820415. [PMID: 31885804 PMCID: PMC6914960 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5820415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) with cardiotoxicity and endotheliotoxicity limits its clinical application for cancer. The toxicitic mechanism involves excess ROS generation. 14-3-3s have the protective effects on various injured tissues and cells. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid extracted from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii and has multiple bioactivities. We hypothesize that TMP has the protective effects on vascular endothelium by upregulating 14-3-3γ. To test the hypothesis, Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity was used to establish vascular endothelium injury models in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effects of TMP were assessed by determining thoracic aortic strips' endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), as well as LDH, CK, caspase-3, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities and MDA level in serum, apoptotic rate, and histopathological changes of vascular tissue (in vivo). Also, cell viability, LDH and caspase-3 activities, ROS generation, levels of NAD+/NADH and GSH/GSSG, MMP, mPTP opening, and apoptotic rate were evaluated (in vitro). The expression of 14-3-3γ and Bcl-2, as well as phosphorylation of Bad (S112), were determined by Western blot. Our results showed that Dox-induced injury to vascular endothelium was decreased by TMP via upregulating 14-3-3γ expression in total protein and Bcl-2 expression in mitochondria, activating Bad (S112) phosphorylation, maintaining EDD, reducing LDH, CK, and caspase-3 activities, thereby causing a reduction in apoptotic rate, and histopathological changes of vascular endothelium (in vivo). Furthermore, TMP increased cell viability and MMP levels, maintained NAD+/NADH, GSH/GSSG balance, decreased LDH and caspase-3 activities, ROS generation, mPTP opening, and apoptotic rate (in vitro). However, the protective effects to vascular endothelium of TMP were significantly canceled by pAD/14-3-3γ-shRNA, an adenovirus that caused knockdown 14-3-3γ expression, or ABT-737, a specific Bcl-2 inhibitor. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that TMP protects the vascular endothelium against Dox-induced injury via upregulating 14-3-3γ expression, promoting translocation of Bcl-2 to the mitochondria, closing mPTP, maintaining MMP, inhibiting RIRR mechanism, suppressing oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial function, and alleviating Dox-induced endotheliotoxicity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Duan FX, Shi YJ, Chen J, Ding SQ, Wang FC, Tang J, Wang R, Shen L, Xi J, Qi Q, Lü HZ, Hu JG. Neuroprotective effects of P7C3 against spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1680-1687. [PMID: 31718264 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219888620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Xiang Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Chao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang N, Li H, Zhang L, Baines CP, Ding S. Subcellular NAMPT-mediated NAD + salvage pathways and their roles in bioenergetics and neuronal protection after ischemic injury. J Neurochem 2019; 151:732-748. [PMID: 31553812 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NAD+ is a cofactor required for glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and complex I enzymatic reaction. In mammalian cells, NAD+ is predominantly synthesized through the salvage pathway, where nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme. Previously, we demonstrated that NAMPT exerts a neuroprotective effect in ischemia through the suppression of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mammalian cells maintain distinct NAD+ pools in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei. However, it is unknown whether mitochondria have an intact machinery for NAD+ salvage, and if so, whether it plays a dominant role in bioenergetics, mitochondrial function, and neuronal protection after ischemia. Here, using mouse primary cortical neuron and cortical tissue preparations, and multiple technologies including cytosolic and mitochondrial subfractionation, viral over-expression of transgenes, molecular biology, and confocal microscopy, we provided compelling evidence that neuronal mitochondria possess an intact machinery of NAMPT-mediated NAD+ salvage pathway, and that NAMPT and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3 (NMNAT3) are localized in the mitochondrial matrix. By knocking down NMNAT1-3 and NAMPT with siRNA, we found that NMNAT3 has a larger effect on basal and ATP production-related mitochondrial respiration than NMNAT1-2 in primary cultured neurons, while NMNAT1-2 have a larger effect on glycolytic flux than NMNAT3. Using an oxygen glucose deprivation model, we found that mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and non-subcellular compartmental over-expressions of NAMPT have a comparable effect on neuronal protection and suppression of apoptosis-inducing factor translocation. The current study provides novel insights into the roles of subcellular compartmental NAD+ salvage pathways in NAD+ homeostasis, bioenergetics, and neuronal protection in ischemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Wang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Shinghua Ding
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu J, Khoury N, Jackson CW, Escobar I, Stegelmann SD, Dave KR, Perez-Pinzon MA. Ischemic Neuroprotectant PKCε Restores Mitochondrial Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase in the Neuronal NADH Shuttle after Ischemic Injury. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:418-432. [PMID: 31473978 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of mitochondrial function is a major protective strategy for cerebral ischemic injuries. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) promotes the synthesis of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ along with its reducing equivalent, NADH, is an essential co-factor needed for energy production from glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Yet, NAD+/NADH are impermeable to the inner mitochondrial membrane and their import into the mitochondria requires the activity of specific shuttles. The most important neuronal NAD+/NADH shuttle is the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS). The MAS has been implicated in synaptic function and is potentially dysregulated during cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to determine if metabolic changes induced by PKCε preconditioning involved regulation of the MAS. Using primary neuronal cultures, we observed that the activation of PKCε enhanced mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in vitro. Conversely, inhibition of the MAS resulted in decreased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic capacity. We further demonstrated that activation of PKCε increased the phosphorylation of key components of the MAS in rat brain synaptosomal fractions. Additionally, PKCε increased the enzyme activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2), an effect that was dependent on the import of PKCε into the mitochondria and phosphorylation of GOT2. Furthermore, PKCε activation was able to rescue decreased GOT2 activity induced by ischemia. These findings reveal novel protective targets and mechanisms against ischemic injury, which involves PKCε-mediated phosphorylation and activation of GOT2 in the MAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Charles W Jackson
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Iris Escobar
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Samuel D Stegelmann
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pastore D, Pacifici F, Dave KR, Palmirotta R, Bellia A, Pasquantonio G, Guadagni F, Donadel G, Di Daniele N, Abete P, Lauro D, Rundek T, Perez-Pinzon MA, Della-Morte D. Age-Dependent Levels of Protein Kinase Cs in Brain: Reduction of Endogenous Mechanisms of Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3544. [PMID: 31331067 PMCID: PMC6678180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. However, current therapeutic approaches have failed to reach significant results in their prevention and cure. Protein Kinase Cs (PKCs) are kinases involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and cerebral ischemia. Specifically ε, δ, and γPKC are associated with the endogenous mechanism of protection referred to as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Existing modulators of PKCs, in particular of εPKC, such as ψεReceptor for Activated C-Kinase (ψεRACK) and Resveratrol, have been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for cerebrovascular and cognitive diseases. PKCs change in expression during aging, which likely suggests their association with IPC-induced reduction against ischemia and increase of neuronal loss occurring in senescent brain. This review describes the link between PKCs and cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders, and proposes PKCs modulators as innovative candidates for their treatment. We report original data showing εPKC reduction in levels and activity in the hippocampus of old compared to young rats and a reduction in the levels of δPKC and γPKC in old hippocampus, without a change in their activity. These data, integrated with other findings discussed in this review, demonstrate that PKCs modulators may have potential to restore age-related reduction of endogenous mechanisms of protection against neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Pasquantonio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation, University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Menegas S, Ferreira CL, Cararo JH, Gava FF, Dal-Pont GC, Gomes ML, Agostini JF, Schuck PF, Scaini G, Andersen ML, Quevedo J, Valvassori SS. Resveratrol protects the brain against oxidative damage in a dopaminergic animal model of mania. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:941-950. [PMID: 30919245 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on behavior and oxidative stress parameters in the brain of rats submitted to the animal model of mania induced by m-AMPH. In the first model (reversal treatment), rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline or m-AMPH (1 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 14 days, and from the 8th to the 14th day, they were orally treated with water or resveratrol (15 mg/kg), once a day. In the second model (maintenance treatment), rats were orally pretreated with water or resveratrol (15 mg/kg) once a day, and from the 8th to the 14th day, they received saline or m-AMPH i.p., once a day. Locomotor and exploratory activities were assessed in the open-field test. Oxidative and nitrosative damage parameters to lipid and proteins were evaluated by TBARS, 4-HNE, carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine in the brain submitted to the experimental models. m-AMPH administration increased the locomotor and exploratory activities; resveratrol was not able to reverse or prevent these manic-like behaviors. Additionally, m-AMPH increased the lipid and protein oxidation and nitrosylation in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. However, resveratrol prevented and reversed the oxidative and nitrosative damage to proteins and lipids in all cerebral areas assessed. Since oxidative stress plays an important role in BD pathophysiology, supplementation of resveratrol in BD patients could be regarded as a possible adjunctive treatment with mood stabilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Menegas
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila L Ferreira
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Cararo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Gava
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Dal-Pont
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria L Gomes
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of SouthernSanta Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jotele F Agostini
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of SouthernSanta Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fernanda Schuck
- Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, School of Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of RioGrande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samira S Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mitochondria in Neuroprotection by Phytochemicals: Bioactive Polyphenols Modulate Mitochondrial Apoptosis System, Function and Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102451. [PMID: 31108962 PMCID: PMC6566187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In aging and neurodegenerative diseases, loss of distinct type of neurons characterizes disease-specific pathological and clinical features, and mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal survival and death. Mitochondria are now considered as the organelle to modulate cellular signal pathways and functions, not only to produce energy and reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress, deficit of neurotrophic factors, and multiple other factors impair mitochondrial function and induce cell death. Multi-functional plant polyphenols, major groups of phytochemicals, are proposed as one of most promising mitochondria-targeting medicine to preserve the activity and structure of mitochondria and neurons. Polyphenols can scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and activate redox-responsible transcription factors to regulate expression of genes, coding antioxidants, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family, and pro-survival neurotrophic factors. In mitochondria, polyphenols can directly regulate the mitochondrial apoptosis system either in preventing or promoting way. Polyphenols also modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics (fission and fusion), and autophagic degradation to keep the quality and number. This review presents the role of polyphenols in regulation of mitochondrial redox state, death signal system, and homeostasis. The dualistic redox properties of polyphenols are associated with controversial regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis system involved in the neuroprotective and anti-carcinogenic functions. Mitochondria-targeted phytochemical derivatives were synthesized based on the phenolic structure to develop a novel series of neuroprotective and anticancer compounds, which promote the bioavailability and effectiveness. Phytochemicals have shown the multiple beneficial effects in mitochondria, but further investigation is required for the clinical application.
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang SN, Miao CY. Targeting NAMPT as a therapeutic strategy against stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:83-89. [PMID: 31338216 PMCID: PMC6613878 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second and the leading most common cause of death in the world and China, respectively, but with few effective therapies. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is the rate-limiting enzyme for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis in mammals, thereby influencing NAD-dependent enzymes and constituting a strong endogenous defence system against various stresses. Accumulating in-vitro and in-vivo studies have demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of NAMPT in stroke. Here, we review the direct evidence of NAMPT as a promising target against stroke from five potential therapeutic strategies, including NAMPT overexpression, recombinant NAMPT, NAMPT activators, NAMPT enzymatic product nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and NMN precursors nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide, and describe the relevant mechanisms and limitations, providing a promising choice for developing novel and effective therapeutic interventions against ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Na Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Yu Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hsu YC, Wu YT, Tsai CL, Wei YH. Current understanding and future perspectives of the roles of sirtuins in the reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:563-575. [PMID: 29557214 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218759636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, there are seven members of the sirtuin protein family (SIRT1-7). SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 catalyze posttranslational modification of proteins in the nucleus, SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are in the mitochondria and SIRT2 is in the cytosol. SIRT1 can deacetylate the transcription factor SOX2 and regulate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) reprogramming through the miR-34a-SIRT1-p53 axis. SIRT2 can regulate the function of pluripotent stem cells through GSK3β. SIRT3 can positively regulate PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression during the differentiation of stem cells. SIRT4 has no direct role in regulating reprogramming but may have the potential to prevent senescence of somatic cells and to facilitate the reprogramming of iPSCs. SIRT5 can deacetylate STAT3, which is an important transcription factor in regulating pluripotency and differentiation of stem cells. SIRT6 can enhance the reprogramming efficiency of iPSCs from aged skin fibroblasts through miR-766 and increase the expression levels of the reprogramming genes including Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog through acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56. SIRT7 plays a regulatory role in the process of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), which has been suggested to be a crucial process in the generation of iPSCs from fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the roles of sirtuins in the metabolic reprogramming and differentiation of stem cells and discuss the bidirectional changes in the gene expression and activities of sirtuins in the commitment of differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSCs, respectively. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of the interplay between different sirtuins and mitochondrial function will provide new insights into the regulation of differentiation of stem cells and iPSCs formation, respectively, and may help design effective stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine. Impact statement This is an extensive review of the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of some members of the sirtuins family, such as SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, and SIRT6, in the regulation of intermediary metabolism during stem cell differentiation and in the reprogramming of somatic cells to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This article provides an updated integrated view on the mechanisms by which sirtuins-mediated posttranslational protein modifications regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defense in the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells and in iPSCs formation, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hsu
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.,*These two authors made equal contributions
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- 2 Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan.,*These two authors made equal contributions
| | - Chia-Ling Tsai
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Huei Wei
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 145474 Mackay Medical College , New Taipei City 252, Taiwan.,2 Center for Mitochondrial Medicine and Free Radical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Resveratrol in Alzheimer's Disease: Role of SIRT1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8152373. [PMID: 30510627 PMCID: PMC6232815 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8152373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder of the cortex and hippocampus, which eventually leads to cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of AD remains unclear, the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in these learning and memory regions is a hallmark of AD. Therefore, the inhibition of Aβ peptide aggregation has been considered the primary therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Many studies have shown that resveratrol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties and can decrease the toxicity and aggregation of Aβ peptides in the hippocampus of AD patients, promote neurogenesis, and prevent hippocampal damage. In addition, the antioxidant activity of resveratrol plays an important role in neuronal differentiation through the activation of silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1). SIRT1 plays a vital role in the growth and differentiation of neurons and prevents the apoptotic death of these neurons by deacetylating and repressing p53 activity; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Resveratrol also has anti-inflammatory effects as it suppresses M1 microglia activation, which is involved in the initiation of neurodegeneration, and promotes Th2 responses by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and SIRT1 expression. This review will focus on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotective effects of resveratrol, specifically on its role in SIRT1 and the association with AD pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Khoury N, Xu J, Stegelmann SD, Jackson CW, Koronowski KB, Dave KR, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. Resveratrol Preconditioning Induces Genomic and Metabolic Adaptations within the Long-Term Window of Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance Leading to Bioenergetic Efficiency. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4549-4565. [PMID: 30343466 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective agents administered post-cerebral ischemia have failed so far in the clinic to promote significant recovery. Thus, numerous efforts were redirected toward prophylactic approaches such as preconditioning as an alternative therapeutic strategy. Our laboratory has revealed a novel long-term window of cerebral ischemic tolerance mediated by resveratrol preconditioning (RPC) that lasts for 2 weeks in mice. To identify its mediators, we conducted an RNA-seq experiment on the cortex of mice 2 weeks post-RPC, which revealed 136 differentially expressed genes. The majority of genes (116/136) were downregulated upon RPC and clustered into biological processes involved in transcription, synaptic signaling, and neurotransmission. The downregulation in these processes was reminiscent of metabolic depression, an adaptation used by hibernating animals to survive severe ischemic states by downregulating energy-consuming pathways. Thus, to assess metabolism, we used a neuronal-astrocytic co-culture model and measured the cellular respiration rate at the long-term window post-RPC. Remarkably, we observed an increase in glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration efficiency upon RPC. We also observed an increase in the expression of genes involved in pyruvate uptake, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, all of which indicated an increased reliance on energy-producing pathways. We then revealed that these nuclear and mitochondrial adaptations, which reduce the reliance on energy-consuming pathways and increase the reliance on energy-producing pathways, are epigenetically coupled through acetyl-CoA metabolism and ultimately increase baseline ATP levels. This increase in ATP would then allow the brain, a highly metabolic organ, to endure prolonged durations of energy deprivation encountered during cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Samuel D Stegelmann
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Charles W Jackson
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Juan I Young
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA. .,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vexler ZS, Mallard C, Hagberg H. Positive and negative conditioning in the neonatal brain. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:279-293. [PMID: 31214666 PMCID: PMC6581457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain injury in the perinatal period occurs in many clinical settings, e.g. hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term infants, neonatal stroke, encephalopathy of prematurity, and infections. These insults often result in life-long disabilities including cerebral palsy, cognitive deficits, visual dysfunction, hearing impairments, and epilepsy. However, the success of clinical implementation of a broad array of potential neuroprotective strategies tested experimentally has been limited with the exception of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) used within hours of birth in term human babies with mild to moderate HIE. There is an extensive search for adjuvant therapeutic approaches to enhance the outcomes. One strategy is to modify susceptibility in the developing CNS by means of preconditioning or postconditioning using sublethal stress. The pre-clinical and clinical literature has shown that CNS immaturity at the time of ischemic insult plays a central role in the response to injury. Thus, better understanding of the molecular regulation of the endogenous vulnerability of the immature brain is needed. Further, the use of sublethal stressors of different origin may help shed light on mechanistic similarities and distinctions beween conditioning strategies. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of protection that are achieved by an interplay of changes on the systemic level and brain level, and via changes of intracellular and mitochondrial signaling. We also discuss the barriers to improving our understanding of how brain immaturity and the type of insult-hypoxic, ischemic or inflammatory-affect the efficacy of conditioning efforts in the immature brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zinaida S. Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carina Mallard
- Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Center of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jackson CW, Escobar I, Xu J, Perez-Pinzon MA. Effects of ischemic preconditioning on mitochondrial and metabolic neruoprotection: 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and sirtuins. Brain Circ 2018; 4:54-61. [PMID: 30276337 PMCID: PMC6126241 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and cardiac arrest result in cerebral ischemia, a highly prevalent medical issue around the world, which is characterized by a reduction or loss of blood flow to the brain. The loss of adequate nutrient supply in the brain during ischemia results in neuronal cell death contributing to cognitive and motor deficits that are usually permanent. Current effective therapies for cerebral ischemia are only applicable after the fact. Thus, the development of preventative therapies of ischemia is imperative. A field of research that continues to show promise in developing therapies for cerebral ischemia is ischemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC is described as exposure to sublethal ischemic events, which induce adaptive changes that provide tolerance to future ischemic events. Through either transient sub-lethal ischemic events, or the actions of a preconditioning molecular mimetic, IPC typically results in augmented gene expression and cellular metabolism. A pivotal target of such changes in gene expression and metabolism is the mitochondrion. Direct and indirect effects on mitochondria by IPC can result in the activation of 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular metabolism. Changes in the activity of the posttranslational modifiers, SIRT1 and SIRT5, also contribute to the overall adaptive processes in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial functioning. In this review, we present recently collected evidence to highlight the neuroprotective interactions of mitochondria with AMPK, SIRT1, and SIRT5 in IPC. To produce this review, we utilized PubMed and previous reviews to target and to consolidate the relevant studies and lines of evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Jackson
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Iris Escobar
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumar S, Lombard DB. Functions of the sirtuin deacylase SIRT5 in normal physiology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:311-334. [PMID: 29637793 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD+-dependent protein deacylases/ADP-ribosyltransferases that have emerged as candidate targets for new therapeutics to treat metabolic disorders and other diseases, including cancer. The sirtuin SIRT5 resides primarily in the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes the removal of negatively charged lysine acyl modifications; succinyl, malonyl, and glutaryl groups. Evidence has now accumulated to document the roles of SIRT5 as a significant regulator of cellular homeostasis, in a context- and cell-type specific manner, as has been observed previously for other sirtuin family members. SIRT5 regulates protein substrates involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, ketone body formation, nitrogenous waste management, and ROS detoxification, among other processes. SIRT5 plays pivotal roles in cardiac physiology and stress responses and is involved in the regulation of numerous aspects of myocardial energy metabolism. SIRT5 is implicated in neoplasia, as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in a context-specific manner, and may serve a protective function in the setting of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of functional impacts of SIRT5 on its metabolic targets, and its molecular functions in both normal and pathological conditions. Finally, we will discuss the potential utility of SIRT5 as a drug target and also summarize the current status, progress, and challenges in developing small molecule compounds to modulate SIRT5 activity with high potency and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - David B Lombard
- a Department of Pathology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Institute of Gerontology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li G, Morris-Blanco KC, Lopez MS, Yang T, Zhao H, Vemuganti R, Luo Y. Impact of microRNAs on ischemic stroke: From pre- to post-disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:59-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. The NAD +-Dependent Family of Sirtuins in Cerebral Ischemia and Preconditioning. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:691-710. [PMID: 28683567 PMCID: PMC5824497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases and ADP ribosylases. Their requirement for NAD+ as a cosubstrate allows them to act as metabolic sensors that couple changes in the energy status of the cell to changes in cellular physiological processes. NAD+ levels are affected by several NAD+-producing and NAD+-consuming pathways as well as by cellular respiration. Thus their intracellular levels are highly dynamic and are misregulated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders including cerebral ischemia. This, in turn, compromises several NAD+-dependent processes that may ultimately lead to cell death. Recent Advances: A number of efforts have been made to replenish NAD+ in cerebral ischemic injuries as well as to understand the functions of one its important mediators, the sirtuin family of proteins through the use of pharmacological modulators or genetic manipulation approaches either before or after the insult. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The results of these studies have regarded the sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia. Yet, additional efforts are needed to understand the role of some of the less characterized members and to address the sex-specific effects observed with some members. Sirtuins also exhibit cell-type-specific expression in the brain as well as distinct subcellular and regional localizations. As such, they are involved in diverse and sometimes opposing cellular processes that can either promote neuroprotection or further contribute to the injury; which also stresses the need for the development and use of sirtuin-specific pharmacological modulators. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 691-710.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koronowski KB, Khoury N, Morris-Blanco KC, Stradecki-Cohan HM, Garrett TJ, Perez-Pinzon MA. Metabolomics Based Identification of SIRT5 and Protein Kinase C Epsilon Regulated Pathways in Brain. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:32. [PMID: 29440987 PMCID: PMC5797631 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Sirtuins in brain function is emerging, yet little is known about SIRT5 in this domain. Our previous work demonstrates that protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε)-induced protection from focal ischemia is lost in SIRT5-/- mice. Thus, metabolic regulation by SIRT5 contributes significantly to ischemic tolerance. The aim of this study was to identify the SIRT5-regulated metabolic pathways in the brain and determine which of those pathways are linked to PKCε. Our results show SIRT5 is primarily expressed in neurons and endothelial cells in the brain, with mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial localization. Pathway and enrichment analysis of non-targeted primary metabolite profiles from Sirt5-/- cortex revealed alterations in several pathways including purine metabolism (urea, adenosine, adenine, xanthine), nitrogen metabolism (glutamic acid, glycine), and malate-aspartate shuttle (malic acid, glutamic acid). Additionally, perturbations in β-oxidation and carnitine transferase (pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid) and glutamate transport and glutamine synthetase (urea, xylitol, adenine, adenosine, glycine, glutamic acid) were predicted. Metabolite changes in SIRT5-/- coincided with alterations in expression of amino acid (SLC7A5, SLC7A7) and glutamate (EAAT2) transport proteins as well as key enzymes in purine (PRPS1, PPAT), fatty acid (ACADS, HADHB), glutamine-glutamate (GAD1, GLUD1), and malate-aspartate shuttle (MDH1) metabolic pathways. Moreover, PKCε activation induced alternations in purine metabolites (urea, glutamine) that overlapped with putative SIRT5 pathways in WT but not in SIRT5-/- mice. Finally, we found that purine metabolism is a common metabolic pathway regulated by SIRT5, PKCε and ischemic preconditioning. These results implicate Sirt5 in the regulation of pathways central to brain metabolism, with links to ischemic tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Koronowski
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kahlilia C. Morris-Blanco
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Holly M. Stradecki-Cohan
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang T, Li Q, Zhang F. Regulation of gene expression in ischemic preconditioning in the brain. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2017; 1:47-56. [PMID: 30035270 PMCID: PMC6051752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability, with very few effective treatments and limited progress in the effort to search for novel therapeutic approaches. The phenomenon that a sublethal ischemic insult induces protection against a subsequent severe ischemia, termed ischemic preconditioning (IPC), represents an endogenous protective approach against ischemic brain injury, and may direct a breakthrough to future therapeutic strategies. It is broadly accepted that new protein synthesis is required for IPC-mediated long-term neuroprotection; however, their relative regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present review, we summarize genomic-based studies on alterations in gene expression and protein synthesis, particularly categorizing potential pathways regulated by IPC. We also review the role of epigenetics, an inheritable genetic regulatory mechanism without changes in DNA sequence, in IPC-mediated neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Narayanan SV, Perez-Pinzon MA. Ischemic preconditioning treatment of astrocytes transfers ischemic tolerance to neurons. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2017; 1:2-8. [PMID: 29368759 PMCID: PMC5777620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) represents a potential therapy against cerebral ischemia. While our group has previously shown IPC to induce neuroprotection through various pathways, the role of astrocytes in supporting IPC-induced neuroprotection has not been extensively studied. Astrocyte-derived lactate has gained attention as a potential soluble mediator through which astrocytes could impart ischemic tolerance to neurons. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if i) IPC-treatment of astrocytes alone could transfer ischemic tolerance to neurons; ii) if IPC-treatment of astrocytes increases lactate production; and if iii) exogenous lactate administration to neurons could induce neuroprotection against lethal ischemia in vitro. For this purpose, a co-culture system was used and modified from a previous method. This system allows astrocytes and neurons to be separated by a physical barrier, while allowing secreted substances from either cell type to interact with each other. Oxygen-glucose deprivation was used as a model of cerebral ischemia and IPC in cultured rodent astrocytes and neurons. Neurons incubated with IPC-treated astrocytes were significantly protected against lethal ischemic injury compared to neurons incubated with sham-treated astrocytes. In addition, IPC-treatment of astrocytes significantly increased lactate secretion into the extracellular media. Finally, exogenous lactate administration can significantly attenuate cell death in neuronal cultures following exposure to lethal OGD. Our results suggest that IPC-treatment of astrocytes alone can transfer ischemic tolerance to neurons. In addition, the ability of IPC to increase lactate production in astrocytes suggest that lactate could represent a neuroprotective agent to protect neurons against lethal ischemic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan V. Narayanan
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine MD/PhD Program, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine MD/PhD Program, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cohan CH, Stradecki-Cohan HM, Morris-Blanco KC, Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Youbi M, Wright CB, Perez-Pinzon MA. Protein kinase C epsilon delays latency until anoxic depolarization through arc expression and GluR2 internalization. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3774-3788. [PMID: 28585865 PMCID: PMC5718329 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17712178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Global cerebral ischemia is a debilitating injury that damages the CA1 region of the hippocampus, an area important for learning and memory. Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ) activation is a critical component of many neuroprotective treatments. The ability of PKCɛ activation to regulate AMPA receptors (AMPARs) remains unexplored despite the role of AMPARs in excitotoxicity after brain ischemia. We determined that PKCɛ activation increased expression of a protein linked to learning and memory, activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (arc). Also, arc is necessary for neuroprotection and confers protection through decreasing AMPAR currents via GluR2 internalization. In vivo, activation of PKCɛ increased arc expression through a BDNF/TrkB pathway, and decreased GluR2 mRNA levels. In hippocampal cultured slices, PKCɛ activation decreased AMPAR current amplitudes in an arc- and GluR2-dependent manner. Additionally, PKCɛ activation triggered an arc- and GluR2 internalization-dependent delay in latency until anoxic depolarization. Inhibiting arc also blocked PKCɛ-mediated neuroprotection against lethal oxygen and glucose deprivation. These data characterize a novel PKCɛ-dependent mechanism that for the first time defines a role for arc and AMPAR internalization in conferring neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Cohan
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,2 Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Holly M Stradecki-Cohan
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kahlilia C Morris-Blanco
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nathalie Khoury
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mehdi Youbi
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- 2 Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- 1 Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,2 Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,4 Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Resveratrol and Brain Mitochondria: a Review. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2085-2101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
40
|
Martín-Jiménez CA, Salazar-Barreto D, Barreto GE, González J. Genome-Scale Reconstruction of the Human Astrocyte Metabolic Network. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:23. [PMID: 28243200 PMCID: PMC5303712 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant cells of the central nervous system; they have a predominant role in maintaining brain metabolism. In this sense, abnormal metabolic states have been found in different neuropathological diseases. Determination of metabolic states of astrocytes is difficult to model using current experimental approaches given the high number of reactions and metabolites present. Thus, genome-scale metabolic networks derived from transcriptomic data can be used as a framework to elucidate how astrocytes modulate human brain metabolic states during normal conditions and in neurodegenerative diseases. We performed a Genome-Scale Reconstruction of the Human Astrocyte Metabolic Network with the purpose of elucidating a significant portion of the metabolic map of the astrocyte. This is the first global high-quality, manually curated metabolic reconstruction network of a human astrocyte. It includes 5,007 metabolites and 5,659 reactions distributed among 8 cell compartments, (extracellular, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticle, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisome and nucleus). Using the reconstructed network, the metabolic capabilities of human astrocytes were calculated and compared both in normal and ischemic conditions. We identified reactions activated in these two states, which can be useful for understanding the astrocytic pathways that are affected during brain disease. Additionally, we also showed that the obtained flux distributions in the model, are in accordance with literature-based findings. Up to date, this is the most complete representation of the human astrocyte in terms of inclusion of genes, proteins, reactions and metabolic pathways, being a useful guide for in-silico analysis of several metabolic behaviors of the astrocyte during normal and pathologic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Martín-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Salazar-Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 promotes neurogenesis and improves cognitive function after ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2017; 290:63-73. [PMID: 28077334 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition with few therapeutic interventions available. The neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 inhibits mature neuronal cell death while also increasing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis in models of neurodegeneration and acute injury. P7C3 compounds enhance flux of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in mammalian cells, a proposed therapeutic approach to treating cerebral ischemia. The effectiveness of P7C3-A20 treatment on chronic histopathological and behavioral outcomes and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke has not previously been established. Here, a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats was followed by twice daily injection of P7C3-A20 or vehicle for 7days. P7C3-A20-treated rats performed significantly better than vehicle-treated controls in sensorimotor cylinder and grid-walk tasks, and in a chronic test of spatial learning and memory. These behavioral improvements with P7C3-A20 treatment were correlated with significantly decreased cortical and hippocampal atrophy, and associated with increased neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and hippocampal dentate gyrus subgranular zone. Furthermore, cerebral ischemia significantly reduced NAD in the cortex but P7C3-A20 treatment restored NAD to sham levels. Thus, P7C3-A20 treatment mitigates neurodegeneration and augments repair in the brain after focal ischemia, which translates into chronic behavioral improvement. This suggests a new therapeutic approach of using P7C3 compounds to safely augment NAD and thereby promote two independent processes critical to protecting the brain from ischemic stroke: mature neuron survival and postnatal neurogenesis throughout the post-ischemic brain.
Collapse
|
42
|
Li D, Liu N, Zhao L, Tong L, Kawano H, Yan HJ, Li HP. Protective effect of resveratrol against nigrostriatal pathway injury in striatum via JNK pathway. Brain Res 2016; 1654:1-8. [PMID: 27769789 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nigrostriatal pathway injury is one of the traumatic brain injury models that usually lead to neurological dysfunction or neuron necrosis. Resveratrol-induced benefits have recently been demonstrated in several models of neuronal degeneration diseases. However, the protective properties of resveratrol against neurodegeneration have not been explored definitely. Thus, we employ the nigrostriatal pathway injury model to mimic the insults on the brain. Resveratrol decreased the p-ERK expression and increased the p-JNK expression compared to the DMSO group, but not alter the p38 MAPK proteins around the lesion site by Western blot. Prior to the injury, mice were infused with resveratrol intracerebroventricularly with or without JNK-IN-8, a specific c-JNK pathway inhibitor for JNK1, JNK2 and JNK4. The study assessed modified improved neurological function score (mNSS) and beam/walking test, the level of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and striatal expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins associated with neuronal apoptosis. The results revealed that resveratrol exerted a neuroprotective effect as shown by the improved mNSS and beam latency, anti-inflammatory effects as indicated by the decreased level of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, resveratrol up-regulated the protein expression of p-JNK and Bcl-2, down-regulated the expression of Bax and the number of Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) positive neurons. However, these advantages of resveratrol were abolished by JNK-IN-8 treatment. Overall, we demonstrated that resveratrol treatment attenuates the nigrostriatal pathway injury-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammation via activation of c-JNK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hitoshi Kawano
- Department of Health and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
| | - Hong-Jing Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Phosphorylation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel occurs independently of PKCε in turtle brain. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 200:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
44
|
Lopez MS, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R. Resveratrol preconditioning induces cerebral ischemic tolerance but has minimal effect on cerebral microRNA profiles. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1644-50. [PMID: 27323784 PMCID: PMC5012525 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16656202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of the plant-derived polyphenol resveratrol were established in multiple disease systems. Notably, pre-treatment with resveratrol was shown to be neuroprotective in several models of cerebral ischemia. Mechanisms of resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection have been explored in the context of canonical resveratrol targets, but epigenetic and non-coding RNA processes have not yet been evaluated. Resveratrol was shown to alter microRNAs in cancer and cardiac ischemia. Previous studies also showed that ischemic preconditioning that induces ischemic tolerance significantly alters cerebral microRNA levels, particularly those that target neuroprotective pathways. Therefore, we tested if resveratrol-mediated ischemic tolerance also alters microRNA expression with a goal to identify microRNAs that are amenable to manipulation to induce neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Hence, we tested the microRNA profiles in mouse brain following intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol that induced significant tolerance against transient focal ischemia. We analyzed microRNA profiles using microarrays from both Affymetrix and LC Sciences that contain probes for all known mouse microRNAs. The results show that there is no consistent change in any of the microRNAs tested between resveratrol and vehicle groups indicating that microRNAs play a minimal role in resveratrol-mediated cerebral ischemic tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Lopez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Cellular & Molecular Pathology Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Capuani B, Pacifici F, Pastore D, Palmirotta R, Donadel G, Arriga R, Bellia A, Di Daniele N, Rogliani P, Abete P, Sbraccia P, Guadagni F, Lauro D, Della-Morte D. The role of epsilon PKC in acute and chronic diseases: Possible pharmacological implications of its modulators. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:659-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
46
|
Diazoxide Attenuates Postresuscitation Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest by Opening Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1253842. [PMID: 27648441 PMCID: PMC5018309 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1253842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective. We investigated whether and how diazoxide can attenuate brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by selective opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels. Methods. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with induced cerebral ischemia (n = 10 per group) received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (1 mL; vehicle group), diazoxide (10 mg/kg; DZ group), or diazoxide (10 mg/kg) plus 5-hydroxydecanoate (5 mg/kg; DZ + 5-HD group) 30 min after CPR. The control group (sham group, n = 5) underwent sham operation, without cardiac arrest. Mitochondrial respiratory control rate (RCR) was determined. Brain cell apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL staining. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) in the cerebral cortex was determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results. The neurological deficit scores (NDS) in the vehicle group decreased significantly at 24 h and 48 h after CPR. Diazoxide significantly improved NDS and mitochondrial RCR after CPR at both time points; 5-HD cotreatment abolished these effects. Diazoxide decreased TUNEL-positive cells following CPR, upregulated Bcl-2 and PKCε, downregulated Bax, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio; 5-HD cotreatment reversed these effects. Conclusions. Diazoxide attenuates postresuscitation brain injury, protects mitochondrial function, inhibits brain cell apoptosis, and activates the PKC pathway by opening mitoKATP channels.
Collapse
|
47
|
Morris-Blanco KC, Dave KR, Saul I, Koronowski KB, Stradecki HM, Perez-Pinzon MA. Protein Kinase C Epsilon Promotes Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance Via Modulation of Mitochondrial Sirt5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29790. [PMID: 27435822 PMCID: PMC4951704 DOI: 10.1038/srep29790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a mitochondrial-localized NAD(+)-dependent lysine desuccinylase and a major regulator of the mitochondrial succinylome. We wanted to determine whether SIRT5 is activated by protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε)-mediated increases in mitochondrial Nampt and whether SIRT5 regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. In isolated mitochondria from rat cortical cultures, PKCε activation increased SIRT5 levels and desuccinylation activity in a Nampt-dependent manner. PKCε activation did not lead to significant modifications in SIRT3 activity, the major mitochondrial lysine deacetylase. Assessments of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the cortex of wild type (WT) and SIRT5-/- mice revealed that SIRT5 regulates oxygen consumption in the presence of complex I, complex II, and complex IV substrates. To explore the potential role of SIRT5 in PKCε-mediated protection, we compared WT and SIRT5-/- mice by employing both in vitro and in vivo ischemia paradigms. PKCε-mediated decreases in cell death following oxygen-glucose deprivation were abolished in cortical cultures harvested from SIRT5-/- mice. Furthermore, PKCε failed to prevent cortical degeneration following MCAO in SIRT5-/- mice. Collectively this demonstrates that SIRT5 is an important mitochondrial enzyme for protection against metabolic and ischemic stress following PKCε activation in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahlilia C. Morris-Blanco
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isabel Saul
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Holly M. Stradecki
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Perez-Pinzon MA. Long-term window of ischemic tolerance: An evolutionarily conserved form of metabolic plasticity regulated by epigenetic modifications? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:6-12. [PMID: 27796011 DOI: 10.29245/2572.942x/2016/2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of effective neuroprotective agents in the clinic, ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning are gaining increased interest in the field of cerebral ischemia. Our lab recently reported that resveratrol preconditioning affords tolerance against a focal cerebral ischemic insult in mice that can last for at least 14 days in vivo making it the longest window of ischemic tolerance discovered to date by a single administration of a pharmacological agent. The mechanism behind this novel extended window of ischemic tolerance remains elusive. In the below commentary we discuss potential mechanisms that could explain this novel extended window of ischemic tolerance in the context of previously identified windows and the known mechanisms behind them. We also draw parallels from the fields of hibernation and hypoxia-tolerance, which are chronic adaptations to severe conditions of hypoxia and ischemia known to be mediated by a form of metabolic depression. We also briefly discuss the importance of epigenetic modifications in maintaining this depressed state of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang P, Miao CY. NAMPT as a Therapeutic Target against Stroke. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:891-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
50
|
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is among the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by a lack of blood flow to the brain that results in cell death and damage, ultimately causing motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments. Today, clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia, mostly stroke and cardiac arrest, is limited and new neuroprotective therapies are desperately needed. The Sirtuin family of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases has been shown to govern several processes within the central nervous system as well as to possess neuroprotective properties in a variety of pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's Disease, among others. Recently, Sirt1 in particular has been identified as a mediator of cerebral ischemia, with potential as a possible therapeutic target. To gather studies relevant to this topic, we used PubMed and previous reviews to locate, select, and resynthesize the lines of evidence presented here. In this review, we will first describe some functions of Sirt1 in the brain, mainly neurodevelopment, learning and memory, and metabolic regulation. Second, we will discuss the experimental evidence that has implicated Sirt1 as a key protein in the regulation of cerebral ischemia as well as a potential target for the induction of ischemic tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Koronowski
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Program, Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|