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Shafiee A, Sun J, Ahmed IA, Phua F, Rossi GR, Lin CY, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Wolvetang EJ, Brown J, Khosrotehrani K. Development of Physiologically Relevant Skin Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304879. [PMID: 38044307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of skin organs for studying developmental pathways, modeling diseases, or regenerative medicine purposes is a major endeavor in the field. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are successfully used to derive skin cells, but the field is still far from meeting the goal of creating skin containing appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. Here, the goal is to generate skin organoids (SKOs) from human skin fibroblast or placental CD34+ cell-derived hiPSCs. With all three hiPSC lines, complex SKOs with stratified skin layers and pigmented hair follicles are generated with different efficacies. In addition, the hiPSC-derived SKOs develop sebaceous glands, touch-receptive Merkel cells, and more importantly eccrine sweat glands. Together, physiologically relevant skin organoids are developed by direct induction of embryoid body formation, along with simultaneous inactivation of transforming growth factor beta signaling, activation of fibroblast growth factor signaling, and inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways. The skin organoids created in this study can be used as valuable platforms for further research into human skin development, disease modeling, or reconstructive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jane Sun
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Imaan A Ahmed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Felicia Phua
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Gustavo R Rossi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Cheng-Yu Lin
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | | | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Brown
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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2
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Redmond LC, Limbu S, Farjo B, Messenger AG, Higgins CA. Male pattern hair loss: Can developmental origins explain the pattern? Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1174-1181. [PMID: 37237288 PMCID: PMC10946844 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Male pattern hair loss (MPHL), also referred to as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of non-scarring progressive hair loss, with 80% of men suffering from this condition in their lifetime. In MPHL, the hair line recedes to a specific part of the scalp which cannot be accurately predicted. Hair is lost from the front, vertex, and the crown, yet temporal and occipital follicles remain. The visual effect of hair loss is due to hair follicle miniaturisation, where terminal hair follicles become dimensionally smaller. Miniaturisation is also characterised by a shortening of the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen), and a prolongation of the dormant phase (kenogen). Together, these changes result in the production of thinner and shorter hair fibres, referred to as miniaturised or vellus hairs. It remains unclear why miniaturisation occurs in this specific pattern, with frontal follicles being susceptible while occipital follicles remain in a terminal state. One main factor we believe to be at play, which will be discussed in this viewpoint, is the developmental origin of the skin and hair follicle dermis on different regions of the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Summik Limbu
- Department of BioengineeringImperial College LondonLondonUK
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3
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Vatanashevanopakorn C, Sartyoungkul T. iPSC-based approach for human hair follicle regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1149050. [PMID: 37325563 PMCID: PMC10266356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are a multifunctional structure involved in physical protection, thermoregulation, sensational detection, and wound healing. Formation and cycling of HFs require dynamic interaction between different cell types of the follicles. Although the processes have been well studied, the generation of human functional HFs with a normal cycling pattern for clinical utilization has yet to be achieved. Recently, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) serve as an unlimited cell source for generating various types of cells including cells of the HFs. In this review, HF morphogenesis and cycling, different cell sources used for HF regeneration, and potential strategies for HF bioengineering using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are depicted. Challenges and perspectives toward the therapeutic use of bioengineered HFs for hair loss disorder are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnavuth Vatanashevanopakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanutchaporn Sartyoungkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Yu Q, Wang Q, Zhang L, Deng W, Cao X, Wang Z, Sun X, Yu J, Xu X. The applications of 3D printing in wound healing: the external delivery of stem cells and antibiosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114823. [PMID: 37068658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
As the global number of chronic wound patients rises, the financial burden and social pressure on patients increase daily. Stem cells have emerged as promising tissue engineering seed cells due to their enriched sources, multidirectional differentiation ability, and high proliferation rate. However, delivering them in vitro for the treatment of skin injury is still challenging. In addition, bacteria from the wound site and the environment can significantly impact wound healing. In the last decade, 3D bioprinting has dramatically enriched cell delivery systems. The produced scaffolds by this technique can be precisely localized within cells and perform antibacterial actions. In this review, we summarized the 3D bioprinting-based external delivery of stem cells and their antibiosis to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Linzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xia Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Xuan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ximing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
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5
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Sung JH. Effective and economical cell therapy for hair regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113988. [PMID: 36370520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed and summarized the latest reports on the characteristics of stem cells and follicular cells that are under development for hair loss treatment. Compared with conventional medicine, cell therapy could be effective in the long term with a single treatment while having mild adverse effects. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the advantages of easy access and large isolation amount compared with dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cup cells (DSCs), and promote hair growth through the paracrine effect. ASCs have a poor potential in hair neogenesis, therefore, methods to enhance trichogenecity of ASCs should be developed. DSCs can be isolated from the peribulbar dermal sheath cup, while having immune tolerance, and hair inductivity. Therefore, DSCs were first developed and finished the phase II clinical trial; however, the hair growth was not satisfactory. Considering that a single injection of DSCs is effective for at least 9 months in the clinical setting, they can be an alternative therapy for hair regeneration. Though DPCs are not yet studied in clinical trials, we should pay attention to DPCs, as hair loss is associated with gradual reduction of DPCs and DP cell numbers fluctuate over the hair cycle. DPCs could make new hair follicles with epidermal cells, and have an immunomodulatory function to enable allogeneic transplantation. In addition, we can expand large quantities of DPCs with hair inductivity using spheroid culture, hypoxia condition, and growth factor supplement. 'Off-the-shelf' DPC therapy could be effective and economical, and therefore promising for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
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6
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Xu K, Yu E, Wu M, Wei P, Yin J. Cells, growth factors and biomaterials used in tissue engineering for hair follicles regeneration. Regen Ther 2022; 21:596-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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7
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Hosseini M, Koehler KR, Shafiee A. Biofabrication of Human Skin with Its Appendages. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201626. [PMID: 36063498 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been made to generate human skin organ in the laboratory. Yet, the current models are limited due to the lack of many critical biological and structural features of the skin. Importantly, these in vitro models lack appendages and fail to recapitulate the whole human skin construction. Thus, engineering a human skin with the capacity to generate all components, including appendages, is a major challenge. This review intends to provide an update on the recent efforts underway to regenerate appendage-bearing skin organs based on scaffold-free and scaffold-based bioengineering approaches. Although the mouse skin equivalents containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands have been established in vitro, there has been limited success in humans. A combination of biofabricated matrices and cell aggregates, such as organoids, can pave the way for generating skin substitutes with human-like biological, structural, and physical features. Accordingly, the formation of human skin organoids and reconstruction of vascularized skin equipped with immune cells prompt calls for more scientific research. The generation of appendage-bearing skin substitutes can be applied in practice for wound healing, hair restoration, and scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.,ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
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8
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Park S. Hair Follicle Morphogenesis During Embryogenesis, Neogenesis, and Organogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933370. [PMID: 35938157 PMCID: PMC9354988 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles are mini organs that repeat the growth and regression cycle continuously. These dynamic changes are driven by the regulation of stem cells via their multiple niche components. To build the complex structure of hair follicles and surrounding niches, sophisticated morphogenesis is required during embryonic development. This review will explore how hair follicles are formed and maintained through dynamic cellular changes and diverse signaling pathways. In addition, comparison of differences in stem cells and surrounding niche components during embryogenesis, neogenesis, and organogenesis will provide a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms for hair follicle generation and insights into skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbum Park
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Sangbum Park,
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9
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Ouji Y, Misu M, Kitamura T, Okuzaki D, Yoshikawa M. Impaired differentiation potential of CD34-positive cells derived from mouse hair follicles after long-term culture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11011. [PMID: 35773408 PMCID: PMC9247072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle epithelial stem cells (HFSCs), which exist in the bulge region, have important functions for homeostasis of skin as well as hair follicle morphogenesis. Although several methods for isolation of HFSCs using a variety of stem cell markers have been reported, few investigations regarding culture methods or techniques to yield long-term maintenance of HFSCs in vitro have been conducted. In the present study, we screened different types of commercially available culture medium for culturing HFSCs. Among those tested, one type was shown capable of supporting the expression of stem cell markers in cultured HFSCs. However, both the differentiation potential and in vivo hair follicle-inducing ability of HFSCs serially passaged using that optimal medium were found to be impaired, probably because of altered responsiveness to Wnt signaling. The changes noted in HFSCs subjected to a long-term culture suggested that the Wnt signaling-related environment must be finely controlled for maintenance of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiteru Ouji
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Masayasu Misu
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Kitamura
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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10
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Direct Reprograming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Dermal Papilla Cells via Small Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084213. [PMID: 35457029 PMCID: PMC9030401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of somatic fibroblasts into alternative cell linages could provide a promising source of cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. However, the direct conversion of fibroblasts into other functional cell types is still challenging. In this study, we show that dermal-papilla-cell-like cells (DPC-LCs) can be generated by treating fibroblasts, including L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines and somatic mouse fibroblasts, with small molecules. Based on alkaline phosphatase activity and other molecular markers, different compounds or their combinations are needed for converting the two different fibroblasts into DPC-LCs. Notably, we found that TTNPB alone can efficiently convert primary adult mouse fibroblasts into DPC-LCs. DPC-LCs generated from mouse fibroblasts showed a stronger hair-inducing capacity. Transcriptome analysis reveals that expression of genes associated with a hair-inducing capacity are increased in DPC-LCs. This pharmacological approach to generating functional dermal papilla cells may have many important implications for hair follicle regeneration and hair loss therapy.
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11
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Fukuyama M, Tsukashima A, Kimishima M, Yamazaki Y, Okano H, Ohyama M. Human iPS Cell-Derived Cell Aggregates Exhibited Dermal Papilla Cell Properties in in vitro Three-Dimensional Assemblage Mimicking Hair Follicle Structures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:590333. [PMID: 34409023 PMCID: PMC8365839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.590333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches for human hair follicle (HF) regeneration mostly adopt cell-autonomous tissue reassembly in a permissive murine intracorporeal environment. This, together with the limitation in human-derived trichogenic starting materials, potentially hinders the bioengineering of human HF structures, especially for the drug discovery and treatment of hair loss disorders. In this study, we attempted to reproduce the anatomical relationship between an epithelial main body and the dermal papilla (DP) within HF in vitro by three-dimensionally assembling columnarly molded human keratinocytes (KCs) and the aggregates of DP cells and evaluated how HF characteristics were reproduced in the constructs. The replaceability of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived DP substitutes was assessed using the aforementioned reconstruction assay. Human DP cell aggregates were embedded into Matrigel as a cluster. Subsequently, highly condensed human KCs were cylindrically injected onto DP spheroids. After 2-week culture, the structures visually mimicking HFs were obtained. KC-DP constructs partially reproduced HF microanatomy and demonstrated differential keratin (KRT) expression pattern in HFs: KRT14 in the outermost part and KRT13, KRT17, and KRT40, respectively, in the inner portion of the main body. KC-DP constructs tended to upregulate HF-related genes, KRT25, KRT33A, KRT82, WNT5A, and LEF1. Next, DP substitutes were prepared by exposing hiPSC-derived mesenchymal cells to retinoic acid and subsequently to WNT, BMP, and FGF signal activators, followed by cell aggregation. The resultant hiPSC-derived DP substitutes (iDPs) were combined with KCs in the invented assay. KC-iDP constructs morphologically resemble KC-DP constructs and analogously mimicked KRT expression pattern in HF. iDP in the constructs expressed DP-related markers, such as vimentin and versican. Intriguingly, KC-iDP constructs more intensely expressed KRT33A, KRT82, and LEF1, which were stepwisely upregulated by the addition of WNT ligand and the mixture of WNT, SHH, and EDA signaling activators, supporting the idea that iDP exhibited biological properties analogous to DP cell aggregates in the constructs in vitro. These preliminary findings suggested the possibility of regenerating DP equivalents with in vitro hair-inductive capacity using hiPSC-derived cell composites, which potentially reduce the necessity of human tissue-derived trichogenic cell subset and eventually allow xeno-free bioengineering of human HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Fukuyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoko Kimishima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ibrahim MR, Medhat W, El-Fakahany H, Abdel-Raouf H, Snyder EY. The Developmental & Molecular Requirements for Ensuring that Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cells Have Acquired Competence for Hair Follicle Generation Following Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211014820. [PMID: 34053245 PMCID: PMC8182633 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211014820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
When using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to achieve hair follicle (HF) replacement, we found it best to emulate the earliest fundamental developmental processes of gastrulation, ectodermal lineage commitment, and dermogenesis. Viewing hiPSCs as a model of the epiblast, we exploited insights from mapping the dynamic up- and down-regulation of the developmental molecules that determine HF lineage in order to ascertain the precise differentiation stage and molecular requirements for grafting HF-generating progenitors. To yield an integrin-dependent lineage like the HF in vivo, we show that hiPSC derivatives should co-express, just prior to transplantation, the following combination of markers: integrins α6 and β1 and the glycoprotein CD200 on their surface; and, intracellularly, the epithelial marker keratin 18 and the hair follicle bulge stem cell (HFBSC)-defining molecules transcription factor P63 and the keratins 15 and 19. If the degree of trichogenic responsiveness indicated by the presence of these molecules is not achieved (they peak on Days 11-18 of the protocol), HF generation is not possible. Conversely, if differentiation of the cells is allowed to proceed beyond the transient intermediate progenitor state represented by the HFBSC, and instead cascades to their becoming keratin 14+ keratin 5+ CD200– keratinocytes (Day 25), HF generation is equally impossible. We make the developmental case for transplanting at Day 16-18 of differentiation—the point at which the hiPSCs have lost pluripotency, have attained optimal expression of HFBSC markers, have not yet experienced downregulation of key integrins and surface glycoproteins, have not yet started expressing keratinocyte-associated molecules, and have sufficient proliferative capacity to allow a well-populated graft. This panel of markers may be used for isolating (by cytometry) HF-generating derivatives away from cell types unsuited for this therapy as well as for identifying trichogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel R Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt.,Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Walid Medhat
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt
| | - Hasan El-Fakahany
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt
| | - Hamza Abdel-Raouf
- Department of Dermatology, STD's and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Al-Minya, Egypt
| | - Evan Y Snyder
- Center for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Higgins C, Sharpe P, Celiz A. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100107. [PMID: 33889838 PMCID: PMC8050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary research field aiming at the regeneration, restoration, or replacement of damaged tissues and organs. Classical TE approaches combine scaffolds, cells and soluble factors to fabricate constructs mimicking the native tissue to be regenerated. However, to date, limited success in clinical translations has been achieved by classical TE approaches, because of the lack of satisfactory biomorphological and biofunctional features of the obtained constructs. Developmental TE has emerged as a novel TE paradigm to obtain tissues and organs with correct biomorphology and biofunctionality by mimicking the morphogenetic processes leading to the tissue/organ generation in the embryo. Ectodermal appendages, for instance, develop in vivo by sequential interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in a process known as secondary induction. A fine artificial replication of these complex interactions can potentially lead to the fabrication of the tissues/organs to be regenerated. Successful developmental TE applications have been reported, in vitro and in vivo, for ectodermal appendages such as teeth, hair follicles and glands. Developmental TE strategies require an accurate selection of cell sources, scaffolds and cell culture configurations to allow for the correct replication of the in vivo morphogenetic cues. Herein, we describe and discuss the emergence of this TE paradigm by reviewing the achievements obtained so far in developmental TE 3D scaffolds for teeth, hair follicles, and salivary and lacrimal glands, with particular focus on the selection of biomaterials and cell culture configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C.A. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A.D. Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Ji S, Zhu Z, Sun X, Fu X. Functional hair follicle regeneration: an updated review. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:66. [PMID: 33594043 PMCID: PMC7886855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a highly conserved sensory organ associated with the immune response against pathogens, thermoregulation, sebum production, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and wound healing. Although recent advances in lineage-tracing techniques and the ability to profile gene expression in small populations of cells have increased the understanding of how stem cells operate during hair growth and regeneration, the construction of functional follicles with cycling activity is still a great challenge for the hair research field and for translational and clinical applications. Given that hair formation and cycling rely on tightly coordinated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, we thus review potential cell sources with HF-inducive capacities and summarize current bioengineering strategies for HF regeneration with functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
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15
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A Review of 3-Dimensional Skin Bioprinting Techniques: Applications, Approaches, and Trends. Dermatol Surg 2021; 46:1500-1505. [PMID: 32205755 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineering is used to fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) artificial scaffolds to create a microenvironment that mimics human tissue. Bioprinting uses biomaterials, cells, and/or bioink to fabricate prospective scaffolds to mirror the structural, compositional, and functional aspects of the skin. Various bioprinting methods (inkjet-based bioprinting, pressure-assisted bioprinting, and laser-assisted bioprinting) have been used for regenerative wound repair and have been characterized based on biocompatibility, cellular microenvironment, cell proliferation, vitality, and morphology. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the basic principles of 3D printing, current 3D skin bioprinting applications and approaches, and future directions for regenerative medical skin constructs. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed with keywords "three-dimensional printing," "dermatologic surgery," "bioprinting," "reconstructive surgical procedures," "wound healing," "skin grafts," "skin scaffolds," "tissue reconstruction," and "tissue engineering." RESULTS A summary of the different applications and 3-dimensional skin bioprinting techniques is presented. In addition, synthetic, natural, and combination polymers are reviewed. Advantages, disadvantages, indications, and approaches are discussed in depth. CONCLUSION Skin grafting is a dynamic technique of dermal reconstruction that can be successful with comprehensive knowledge of skin bioprinting methods.
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16
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Hair follicle germs containing vascular endothelial cells for hair regenerative medicine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:624. [PMID: 33436760 PMCID: PMC7804392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of severe hair loss. Recent advances in three-dimensional tissue engineering, such as formation of hair follicle germs (HFGs), have considerably improved hair regeneration after transplantation in animal models. Here, we proposed an approach for fabricating HFGs containing vascular endothelial cells. Epithelial, dermal papilla, and vascular endothelial cells initially formed a single aggregate, which subsequently became a dumbbell-shaped HFG, wherein the vascular endothelial cells localized in the region of dermal papilla cells. The HFGs containing vascular endothelial cells exhibited higher expression of hair morphogenesis-related genes in vitro, along with higher levels of hair shaft regeneration upon transplantation to the dorsal side of nude mice, than those without vascular endothelial cells. The generated hair follicles represented functional characteristics, such as piloerection, as well as morphological characteristics comparable to those of natural hair shafts. This approach may provide a promising strategy for fabricating tissue grafts with higher hair inductivity for hair regenerative medicine.
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3D Organoid Culture Using Skin Keratinocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2454:285-295. [PMID: 33689165 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2021_357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The keratinocytes are predominant cells in the epidermis of the human skin. To assess the cellular response of the keratinocytes to the genotoxic stress, we derived the skin keratinocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture method is powerful tool to analyze the organ and tissue response against the genotoxic stress. Here we describe the method of 3D organoid culture using skin keratinocytes derived from human iPSCs.
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Chen Y, Huang J, Liu Z, Chen R, Fu D, Yang L, Wang J, Du L, Wen L, Miao Y, Hu Z. miR-140-5p in Small Extracellular Vesicles From Human Papilla Cells Stimulates Hair Growth by Promoting Proliferation of Outer Root Sheath and Hair Matrix Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593638. [PMID: 33425897 PMCID: PMC7793747 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of dermal papilla cells to hair follicle (HF) regeneration has attracted a great deal of attention. However, cultured dermal papilla cells (DPCs) tend to lose their capacity to induce hair growth during passage, restricting their usefulness. Accumulating evidence indicates that DPCs regulate HF growth mainly through their unique paracrine properties, raising the possibility of therapies based on extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we explored the effects of EVs from high- and low-passage human scalp follicle dermal papilla cells (DP-EVs) on activation of hair growth, and investigated the underlying mechanism. DP-EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and cultured with human scalp follicles, hair matrix cells (MxCs), and outer root sheath cells (ORSCs), and we found low-passage DP-EVs accelerated HF elongation and cell proliferation activation. High-throughput miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis identified 100 miRNAs that were differentially expressed between low- (P3) and high- (P8) passage DP-EVs. GO and KEGG pathway analysis of 1803 overlapping target genes revealed significant enrichment in the BMP/TGF-β signaling pathways. BMP2 was identified as a hub of the overlapping genes. miR-140-5p, which was highly enriched in low-passage DP-EVs, was identified as a potential regulator of BMP2. Direct repression of BMP2 by miR-140-5p was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, overexpression and inhibition of miR-140-5p in DP-EVs suppressed and increased expression of BMP signaling components, respectively, indicating that this miRNA plays a critical role in hair growth and cell proliferation. DP-EVs transport miR-140-5p from DPCs to epithelial cells, where it downregulates BMP2. Therefore, DPC-derived vesicular miR-140-5p represents a therapeutic target for alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danlan Fu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lunan Yang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Du
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Leventoux N, Morimoto S, Imaizumi K, Sato Y, Takahashi S, Mashima K, Ishikawa M, Sonn I, Kondo T, Watanabe H, Okano H. Human Astrocytes Model Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E2680. [PMID: 33322219 PMCID: PMC7763297 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modeling has a great potential for uncovering the mechanisms of pathogenesis, especially in the case of neurodegenerative diseases where disease-susceptible cells can usually not be obtained from patients. So far, the iPSC-based modeling of neurodegenerative diseases has mainly focused on neurons because the protocols for generating astrocytes from iPSCs have not been fully established. The growing evidence of astrocytes' contribution to neurodegenerative diseases has underscored the lack of iPSC-derived astrocyte models. In the present study, we established a protocol to efficiently generate iPSC-derived astrocytes (iPasts), which were further characterized by RNA and protein expression profiles as well as functional assays. iPasts exhibited calcium dynamics and glutamate uptake activity comparable to human primary astrocytes. Moreover, when co-cultured with neurons, iPasts enhanced neuronal synaptic maturation. Our protocol can be used for modeling astrocyte-related disease phenotypes in vitro and further exploring the contribution of astrocytes to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leventoux
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuta Sato
- Keio University Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan;
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mashima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Iki Sonn
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
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20
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Kinoshita-Ise M, Tsukashima A, Kinoshita T, Yamazaki Y, Ohyama M. Altered FGF expression profile in human scalp-derived fibroblasts upon WNT activation: implication of their role to provide folliculogenetic microenvironment. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:35. [PMID: 32973962 PMCID: PMC7507293 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hair follicle (HF) formation and growth are sustained by epithelial-mesenchymal interaction via growth factors and cytokines. Pivotal roles of FGFs on HF regeneration and neogenesis have been reported mainly in rodent models. FGF expression is regulated by upstream pathways, represented by canonical WNT signaling; however, how FGFs influence on human folliculogenesis remains elusive. The aim of this study is to assess if human scalp-derived fibroblasts (sFBs) are able to modulate their FGF expression profile in response to WNT activation and to evaluate the influence of WNT-activated or suppressed FGFs on folliculogenesis. Methods Dermal papilla cells (DPCs), dermal sheath cells (DSCs), and sFBs were isolated from the human scalp and cultured independently. The gene expression profile of FGFs in DPCs, DSCs, and sFBs and the influence of WNT activator, CHIR99021, on FGF expression pattern in sFBs were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which were confirmed at protein level by western blotting analysis. The changes in the expression of DPC or keratinocyte (KC) biomarkers under the presence of FGF7 or 9 were examined in both single and co-culture assay of DPCs and/or KCs. The influence of FGF 7 and FGF 9 on hair morphogenesis and growth was analyzed in vivo using mouse chamber assay. Results In single culture, sFBs were distinguished from DPCs and DSCs by relatively high expression of FGF5 and FGF18, potential inducers of hair cycle retardation or catagen phase. In WNT-activated state, sFBs downregulated FGF7 while upregulating FGF9, a positive regulator of HF morphogenesis, FGF16 and FGF20 belonging to the same FGF subfamily. In addition, CHIR99021, a WNT activator, dose-dependently modulated FGF7 and 9 expression to be folliculogenic. Altered expressions of FGF7 and FGF9 by CHIR99021 were confirmed at protein level. Supplementation of FGF9 to cultured DPCs resulted in upregulation of representative DP biomarkers and this tendency was sustained, when DPCs were co-cultured with KCs. In mouse chamber assay, FGF9 increased both the number and the diameter of newly formed HFs, while FGF7 decreased HF diameter. Conclusion The results implied that sFBs support HF formation by modulating regional FGF expression profile responding to WNT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kinoshita-Ise
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Tomonari Kinoshita
- Division of Cellular Signaling Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yoshimi Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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21
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Sharma A, Sances S, Workman MJ, Svendsen CN. Multi-lineage Human iPSC-Derived Platforms for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:309-329. [PMID: 32142662 PMCID: PMC7159985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a powerful platform for disease modeling and have unlocked new possibilities for understanding the mechanisms governing human biology, physiology, and genetics. However, hiPSC-derivatives have traditionally been utilized in two-dimensional monocultures, in contrast to the multi-systemic interactions that influence cells in the body. We will discuss recent advances in generating more complex hiPSC-based systems using three-dimensional organoids, tissue-engineering, microfluidic organ-chips, and humanized animal systems. While hiPSC differentiation still requires optimization, these next-generation multi-lineage technologies can augment the biomedical researcher's toolkit and enable more realistic models of human tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Samuel Sances
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael J Workman
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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22
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Yan H, Gao Y, Ding Q, Liu J, Li Y, Jin M, Xu H, Ma S, Wang X, Zeng W, Chen Y. Exosomal Micro RNAs Derived from Dermal Papilla Cells Mediate Hair Follicle Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1368-1382. [PMID: 31337968 PMCID: PMC6643152 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes (DPC-Exos) promote the anagen stage of hair follicle (HF) growth and delay the catagen stage. However, the roles of DPC-Exos in regulating hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) quiescence and activation remain unknown. Here, we found that HFSC differentiation was induced by co-culture with DPCs, and that DPC-Exos attached to the surface of HFSCs. Using micro RNA (miRNA) high-throughput sequencing, we identified 111 miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed between DPC-Exos and DPCs, and the predicted target genes of the top 34 differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that DPC-Exos regulate HFSCs proliferation and differentiation via genes involved in cellular signal transduction, fatty acid expression regulation, and cellular communication. The overexpression of miR-22-5p indicated that it negatively regulates HFSC proliferation and LEF1 was revealed as the direct target gene of miR-22-5p. We therefore propose the miR-22-5p-LEF1 axis as a novel pathway regulating HFSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miaohan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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DNA Damage Response After Ionizing Radiation Exposure in Skin Keratinocytes Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:193-205. [PMID: 31085283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal cells are positioned on the body surface and thus risk being exposed to genotoxic stress, including ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet rays, and chemical compounds. The biological effect of IR on the skin tissue is a significant problem for medical applications such as radiation therapy. Keratinocyte stem cells and progenitors are at risk for IR-dependent tumorigenesis during radiation therapy for cancer treatment. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of genome stability in epidermal cells, we derived skin keratinocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and analyzed their DNA damage response (DDR). METHODS AND MATERIALS Skin keratinocytes were derived from iPSCs and designated as first- (P1), second- (P2), and third- (P3) passage cells to compare the differentiation states of DDR. After 2 Gy gamma-ray exposure, cells were immunostained with DNA double-strand break markers γ-H2AX/53BP1 and cell senescence markers p16/p21 for DDR analysis. DDR protein expression level, cell survival, and apoptosis were analyzed by western blotting, WST-8 assay and TUNEL assay, respectively. DDR of constructed 3D organoid modeling was also analyzed. RESULTS P1, P2, and P3 keratinocytes were characterized with keratinocyte markers keratin 14 and p63 using immunofluorescence, and all cells were positive to both markers. Derived keratinocytes showed high expression of integrin α6 and CD71 (real-time (qRT)-PCR ratio: iPSCs: integrin α6: 1.12, CD71: 1.25, P1: integrin α6: 7.80, CD71: 0.43, P2: integrin α6: 5.53, CD71: 0.48), suggesting that P1 and P2 keratinocytes have potential as keratinocyte progenitors. Meanwhile, P3 keratinocytes showed low expression of integrin α6 and CD71 (qRT-PCR ratio: P3: integrin α6: 0.55, CD71: 0.10), suggesting differentiated keratinocytes. After IR exposure, the P1 and P2 keratinocytes showed an increase in DNA repair activity by a γ-H2AX/53BP1 focus assay (P1: γ-H2AX: 28.0%, 53BP1: 17.0%, P2: γ-H2AX: 37.7%, 53BP1: 28.3%) but not in P3 keratinocytes (P3: γ-H2AX: 74.7%, 53BP1: 63.7%) compared with iPSCs (γ-H2AX: 57.0%, 53BP1: 55.0%). Furthermore, in derived keratinocytes, expression of the cellular senescence markers p16 and p21 were increased compared with iPSCs (P16: non irradiated, iPSCs: 0%, P1: 12.5%, P2: 14.5%, P3: 29.7%, IR, iPSCs: 0%, P1: 19.5%, P2: 34.8%, P3: 64.5%). DDR protein expression, cellular sensitivity, and apoptosis activity decreased in derived keratinocytes compared with iPSCs. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the derivation of keratinocytes from iPSCs and their characterization of differentiated states and DDR. Derived keratinocytes showed progenitors like character as a result of DDR. These results suggest that derived keratinocytes are useful tools for analyzing the effects of IR, such as DDR on the skin tissue from radiation therapy for cancer.
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Ohyama M. Use of human intra-tissue stem/progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for hair follicle regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2019; 39:4. [PMID: 30834027 PMCID: PMC6388497 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hair follicle (HF) is a unique miniorgan, which self-renews for a lifetime. Stem cell populations of multiple lineages reside within human HF and enable its regeneration. In addition to resident HF stem/progenitor cells (HFSPCs), the cells with similar biological properties can be induced from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). As approaches to regenerate HF by combining HF-derived cells have been established in rodents and a huge demand exists to treat hair loss diseases, attempts have been made to bioengineer human HF using HFSPCs or hiPSCs. Main body of the abstract The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the strategies to regenerate human HF using HFSPCs or hiPSCs. HF morphogenesis and regeneration are enabled by well-orchestrated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs). In rodents, various combinations of keratinocytes with mesenchymal (dermal) cells with trichogenic capacity, which were transplanted into in vivo environment, have successfully generated HF structures. The regeneration efficiency was higher, when epithelial or dermal HFSPCs were adopted. The success in HF formation most likely depended on high receptivity to trichogenic dermal signals and/or potent hair inductive capacity of HFSPCs. In theory, the use of epithelial HFSPCs in the bulge area and dermal papilla cells, their precursor cells in the dermal sheath, or trichogenic neonatal dermal cells should elicit intense EMI sufficient for HF formation. However, technical hurdles, represented by the limitation in starting materials and the loss of intrinsic properties during in vitro expansion, hamper the stable reconstitution of human HFs with this approach. Several strategies, including the amelioration of culture condition or compartmentalization of cells to strengthen EMI, can be conceived to overcome this obstacle. Obviously, use of hiPSCs can resolve the shortage of the materials once reliable protocols to induce wanted HFSPC subsets have been developed, which is in progress. Taking advantage of their pluripotency, hiPSCs may facilitate previously unthinkable approaches to regenerate human HFs, for instance, via bioengineering of 3D integumentary organ system, which can also be applied for the treatment of other diseases. Short conclusion Further development of methodologies to reproduce bona fide EMI in HF formation is indispensable. However, human HFSPCs and hiPSCs hold promise as materials for human HF regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
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Wang J, Cui K, Yang Z, Li T, Hua G, Han D, Yao Y, Chen J, Deng X, Yang X, Deng X. Transcriptome Analysis of Improved Wool Production in Skin-Specific Transgenic Sheep Overexpressing Ovine β-Catenin. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030620. [PMID: 30709037 PMCID: PMC6387261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which controls decisive steps in embryogenesis and functions as a crucial effector in the development of hair follicles. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wool production have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of ovine β-catenin on wool follicles of transgenic sheep produced by pronuclear microinjection with a skin-specific promoter of human keratin14 (k14). Both polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis showed that the sheep carried the ovine β-catenin gene and that the β-catenin gene could be stably inherited. To study the molecular responses to high expression of β-catenin, high-throughput RNA-seq technology was employed using three transgenic sheep and their wild-type siblings. These findings suggest that β-catenin normally plays an important role in wool follicle development by activating the downstream genes of the Wnt pathway and enhancing the expression of keratin protein genes and keratin-associated protein genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoying Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Deping Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yanzhu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaotian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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26
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AlSogair S. Stem cell therapy and hair loss: Present evidence and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY & DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_10_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tan JJY, Tee JK, Chou KO, Yong SYA, Pan J, Ho HK, Ho PCL, Kang L. Impact of substrate stiffness on dermal papilla aggregates in microgels. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1347-1357. [PMID: 29687797 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interaction between cells and the extracellular environment plays a vital role in cellular development. The mechanical property of a 3-dimensional (3D) culture can be modified to mimic in vivo conditions. Dermal papilla (DP) cells are shown to gradually lose their inductivity in hair cycle development in a 2-dimensional culture. They are shown to partially restore their inductivity when transferred into a 3D microenvironment. In this study, a microarray fabricated from three different concentrations of poly-ethylene-glycol-diacrylate 3500, namely 5%, 10% and 15% w/v, yielded increasing substrate stiffness. The impact of varying substrate stiffness was tested for DP cell viability, attachment, and selected hair inductive markers. DP aggregates were shown to be viable and exhibited greater spreading with increasing substrate stiffness. Moreover, DP aggregates cultured on a softer substrate showed a greater fold change of gene and protein expressions than those cultured on a harder substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Y Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore (NUS), Lower Kent Ridge Road, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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28
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Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. Application of Cord Blood and Cord Blood-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:529-537. [PMID: 30251563 PMCID: PMC7103603 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718794864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of articular cartilage is of great interest in cartilage tissue engineering
since articular cartilage has a low regenerative capacity. Due to the difficulty in
obtaining healthy cartilage for transplantation, there is a need to develop an alternative
and effective regeneration therapy to treat degenerative or damaged joint diseases. Stem
cells including various adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells are now actively used
in tissue engineering. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of cord blood
cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from these cells in cartilage
regeneration. The abilities of these cells to undergo chondrogenic differentiation are
also described. Finally, the technical challenges of articular cartilage regeneration and
future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Zare M, Zarrintaj P, Alizadeh E, Taghiabadi E, Heidari-Kharaji M, Amirkhani MA, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Engineering the niche for hair regeneration - A critical review. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:70-85. [PMID: 30201489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in hair follicle regeneration and alopecia treatment necessitates revisiting the concepts and approaches. In this sense, there is a need for shedding light on the clinical and surgical therapies benefitting from nanobiomedicine. From this perspective, this review attempts to recognize requirements upon which new hair therapies are grounded; to underline shortcomings and opportunities associated with recent advanced strategies for hair regeneration; and most critically to look over hair regeneration from nanomaterials and pluripotent stem cell standpoint. It is noteworthy that nanotechnology is able to illuminate a novel path for reprogramming cells and controlled differentiation to achieve the desired performance. Undoubtedly, this strategy needs further advancement and a lot of critical questions have yet to be answered. Herein, we introduce the salient features, the hurdles that must be overcome, the hopes, and practical constraints to engineer stem cell niches for hair follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrak Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Choi N, Choi J, Kim JH, Jang Y, Yeo JH, Kang J, Song SY, Lee J, Sung JH. Generation of trichogenic adipose-derived stem cells by expression of three factors. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:18-29. [PMID: 30146106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can promote hair growth, but unmet needs exist for enhancing ASC hair inductivity. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we introduced three trichogenic factors platelet-derived growth factor-A, SOX2, and β-catenin to ASCs (tfASCs) and evaluated whether tfASCs have similar characteristics as dermal papilla (DP) cells. METHOD Global gene expression was examined using NGS analysis. Telogen-to-anagen induction, vibrissae hair follicle organ culture and patch assay were used. RESULTS tfASC cell size is smaller than that of ASCs, and they exhibit short doubling time. tfASCs also resist aging and can be expanded until passage 12. Cell proportion in S and G2/M increases in tfASCs, and tfASCs express high mRNA levels of cell cycle related genes. The mRNA expression of DP markers was notably higher in tfASCs. Moreover, NGS analysis revealed that the global gene expression of tfASCs is similar to that of DP cells. The injection of tfASCs accelerated the telogen-to-anagen transition and conditioned medium of tfASCs increased the anagen phase of vibrissal hair follicles. Finally, we found that the injection of 3D-cultured tfASCs at p 9 generated new hair follicles in nude mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results indicate that 1) tfASCs have similar characteristics as DP cells, 2) tfASCs have enhanced hair-regenerative potential compared with ASCs, and 3) tfASCs even at late passage can make new hair follicles in a hair reconstitution assay. Because DP cells are difficult to isolate/expand and ASCs have low hair inductivity, tfASCs and tfASC-CM are clinically good candidates for hair regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea; STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | | | | | - Joo Hye Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Juwon Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea; STEMORE Co. Ltd., Incheon, South Korea.
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31
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The potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling diabetic wound healing in vitro. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1629-1643. [PMID: 30108152 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing and ulceration caused by diabetes mellitus, is a significant healthcare burden, markedly impairs quality of life for patients, and is the major cause of amputation worldwide. Current experimental approaches used to investigate the complex wound healing process often involve cultures of fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes in vitro, which can be limited in terms of complexity and capacity, or utilisation of rodent models in which the mechanisms of wound repair differ substantively from that in humans. However, advances in tissue engineering, and the discovery of strategies to reprogramme adult somatic cells to pluripotency, has led to the possibility of developing models of human skin on a large scale. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from tissues donated by diabetic patients allows the (epi)genetic background of this disease to be studied, and the ability to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cell types found within skin may facilitate the development of more complex skin models; these advances offer key opportunities for improving modelling of wound healing in diabetes, and the development of effective therapeutics for treatment of chronic wounds.
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32
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Kajiwara K, Tanemoto T, Wada S, Karibe J, Ihara N, Ikemoto Y, Kawasaki T, Oishi Y, Samura O, Okamura K, Takada S, Akutsu H, Sago H, Okamoto A, Umezawa A. Fetal Therapy Model of Myelomeningocele with Three-Dimensional Skin Using Amniotic Fluid Cell-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1701-1713. [PMID: 28591652 PMCID: PMC5470234 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a congenital disease without genetic abnormalities. Neurological symptoms are irreversibly impaired after birth, and no effective treatment has been reported to date. Only surgical repairs have been reported so far. In this study, we performed antenatal treatment of MMC with an artificial skin using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from a patient with Down syndrome (AF-T21-iPSCs) and twin-twin transfusion syndrome (AF-TTTS-iPSCs) to a rat model. We manufactured three-dimensional skin with epidermis generated from keratinocytes derived from AF-T21-iPSCs and AF-TTTS-iPSCs and dermis of human fibroblasts and collagen type I. For generation of epidermis, we developed a protocol using Y-27632 and epidermal growth factor. The artificial skin was successfully covered over MMC defect sites during pregnancy, implying a possible antenatal surgical treatment with iPSC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanemoto
- Department of Medical Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Seiji Wada
- Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Jurii Karibe
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ihara
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yu Ikemoto
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawasaki
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yoshie Oishi
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Kohji Okamura
- Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8471, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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33
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Dixit S, Baganizi DR, Sahu R, Dosunmu E, Chaudhari A, Vig K, Pillai SR, Singh SR, Dennis VA. Immunological challenges associated with artificial skin grafts: available solutions and stem cells in future design of synthetic skin. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:49. [PMID: 29255480 PMCID: PMC5729423 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair or replacement of damaged skins is still an important, challenging public health problem. Immune acceptance and long-term survival of skin grafts represent the major problem to overcome in grafting given that in most situations autografts cannot be used. The emergence of artificial skin substitutes provides alternative treatment with the capacity to reduce the dependency on the increasing demand of cadaver skin grafts. Over the years, considerable research efforts have focused on strategies for skin repair or permanent skin graft transplantations. Available skin substitutes include pre- or post-transplantation treatments of donor cells, stem cell-based therapies, and skin equivalents composed of bio-engineered acellular or cellular skin substitutes. However, skin substitutes are still prone to immunological rejection, and as such, there is currently no skin substitute available to overcome this phenomenon. This review focuses on the mechanisms of skin rejection and tolerance induction and outlines in detail current available strategies and alternatives that may allow achieving full-thickness skin replacement and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dixit
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA.,Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, NIH/NIEHS, Durham, 27709 NC USA
| | - Dieudonné R Baganizi
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Ejowke Dosunmu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Atul Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research and Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104 USA
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34
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Kido T, Horigome T, Uda M, Adachi N, Hirai Y. Generation of iPS-derived model cells for analyses of hair shaft differentiation. Biotechniques 2017; 63:131-134. [DOI: 10.2144/000114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological evaluation of hair growth/differentiation activity in vitro has been a formidable challenge, primarily due to the lack of relevant model cell systems. To solve this problem, we generated a stable model cell line in which successive differentiation via epidermal progenitors to hair components is easily inducible and traceable. Mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell–derived cells were selected to stably express a tetracycline (Tet)-inducible bone morphogenic protein-4 (BMP4) expression cassette and a luciferase reporter driven by a hair-specific keratin 31 gene (krt31) promoter (Tet-BMP4-KRT31-Luc iPS). While Tet- BMP4-KRT31-Luc iPS cells could be maintained as stable iPS cells, the cells differentiated to produce luciferase luminescence in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and doxycycline (Dox), and addition of a hair differentiation factor significantly increased luciferase fluorescence. Thus, this cell line may provide a reliable cell-based screening system to evaluate drug candidates for hair differentiation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kido
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Horigome
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Minori Uda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, 669-1337 Japan
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35
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Belair DG, Abbott BD. Engineering epithelial-stromal interactions in vitro for toxicology assessment. Toxicology 2017; 382:93-107. [PMID: 28285100 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue homeostasis. Epithelial-stromal interactions (ESIs) have historically been examined using mammalian models and ex vivo tissue recombination. Although these approaches have elucidated signaling mechanisms underlying embryonic morphogenesis processes and adult mammalian epithelial tissue function, they are limited by the availability of tissue, low throughput, and human developmental or physiological relevance. In this review, we describe how bioengineered ESIs, using either human stem cells or co-cultures of human primary epithelial and stromal cells, have enabled the development of human in vitro epithelial tissue models that recapitulate the architecture, phenotype, and function of adult human epithelial tissues. We discuss how the strategies used to engineer mature epithelial tissue models in vitro could be extrapolated to instruct the design of organotypic culture models that can recapitulate the structure of embryonic ectodermal tissues and enable the in vitro assessment of events critical to organ/tissue morphogenesis. Given the importance of ESIs towards normal epithelial tissue development and function, such models present a unique opportunity for toxicological screening assays to incorporate ESIs to assess the impact of chemicals on mature and developing epidermal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Barbara D Abbott
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Toxicity Assessment Division, Developmental Toxicology Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
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36
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Veraitch O, Mabuchi Y, Matsuzaki Y, Sasaki T, Okuno H, Tsukashima A, Amagai M, Okano H, Ohyama M. Induction of hair follicle dermal papilla cell properties in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived multipotent LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) mesenchymal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42777. [PMID: 28220862 PMCID: PMC5318903 DOI: 10.1038/srep42777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dermal papilla (DP) is a specialised mesenchymal component of the hair follicle (HF) that plays key roles in HF morphogenesis and regeneration. Current technical difficulties in preparing trichogenic human DP cells could be overcome by the use of highly proliferative and plastic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In this study, hiPSCs were differentiated into induced mesenchymal cells (iMCs) with a bone marrow stromal cell phenotype. A highly proliferative and plastic LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) subset of iMCs was subsequently programmed using retinoic acid and DP cell activating culture medium to acquire DP properties. The resultant cells (induced DP-substituting cells [iDPSCs]) exhibited up-regulated DP markers, interacted with human keratinocytes to up-regulate HF related genes, and when co-grafted with human keratinocytes in vivo gave rise to fibre structures with a hair cuticle-like coat resembling the hair shaft, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope analysis. Furthermore, iDPSCs responded to the clinically used hair growth reagent, minoxidil sulfate, to up-regulate DP genes, further supporting that they were capable of, at least in part, reproducing DP properties. Thus, LNGFR(+)THY-1(+) iMCs may provide material for HF bioengineering and drug screening for hair diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelia Veraitch
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Shiojicho 89-1, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- KOSÉ Endowed Program for Skin Care and Allergy Prevention, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hironobu Okuno
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Aki Tsukashima
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugiyama-Nakagiri Y, Fujimura T, Moriwaki S. Induction of Skin-Derived Precursor Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168451. [PMID: 27992514 PMCID: PMC5167543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of full thickness human skin from dissociated cells is an attractive approach not only for treating skin diseases, but also for treating many systemic disorders. However, it is currently not possible to obtain an unlimited number of skin dermal cells. The goal of this study was to develop a procedure to produce skin dermal stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs) were isolated as adult dermal precursors that could differentiate into both neural and mesodermal progenies and could reconstitute the dermis. Thus, we attempted to generate SKPs from iPSCs that could reconstitute the skin dermis. Human iPSCs were initially cultured with recombinant noggin and SB431542, an inhibitor of activin/nodal and TGFβ signaling, to induce neural crest progenitor cells. Those cells were then treated with SKP medium that included CHIR99021, a WNT signal activator. The induction efficacy from neural crest progenitor cells to SKPs was more than 97%. No other modifiers tested were able to induce those cells. Those human iPSC-derived SKPs (hiPSC-SKPs) showed a similar gene expression signature to SKPs isolated from human skin dermis. Human iPSC-SKPs differentiated into neural and mesodermal progenies, including adipocytes, skeletogenic cell types and Schwann cells. Moreover, they could be induced to follicular type keratinization when co-cultured with human epidermal keratinocytes. We here provide a new efficient protocol to create human skin dermal stem cells from hiPSCs that could contribute to the treatment of various skin disorders.
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Mohammadi P, Youssef KK, Abbasalizadeh S, Baharvand H, Aghdami N. Human Hair Reconstruction: Close, But Yet So Far. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1767-1779. [PMID: 27649771 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Billions of dollars are annually invested in pharmaceutical industry and cosmetic sector with intent to develop new drugs and treatment strategies for alopecia. Because the hair looks an important characteristic of humans-an effective appendage in perception, expression of beauty, and preservation of self-esteem-the global market for hair loss treatment products is exponentially increasing. However, current methods to treat hair loss endure yet multiple challenges, such as unfavorable outcomes, nonpermanent and patient-dependent results, as well as unpredictable impacts, which limit their application. Over recent years, remarkable advances in the fields of regenerative medicine and hair tissue engineering have raised new hopes for introducing novel cell-based approaches to treat hair loss. Through cell-based approaches, it is possible to produce hair-like structures in the laboratory setting or manipulate cells in their native niche (in vivo lineage reprogramming) to reconstruct the hair follicle. However, challenging issues still exist with the functionality of cultured human hair cells, the proper selection of nonhair cell sources in cases of shortage of donor hair, and the development of defined culture conditions. Moreover, in the case of in vivo lineage reprogramming, selecting appropriate induction factors and their efficient delivery to guide resident cells into a hair fate-with the aim of reconstructing functional hair-still needs further explorations. In this study, we highlight recent advances and current challenges in hair loss treatment using cell-based approaches and provide novel insights for crucial steps, which must be taken into account to develop reproducible, safe, and efficient cell-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mohammadi
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Kass Youssef
- 3 Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH , San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,2 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Houschyar KS, Momeni A, Pyles MN, Maan ZN, Whittam AJ, Siemers F. Wnt signaling induces epithelial differentiation during cutaneous wound healing. Organogenesis 2016; 11:95-104. [PMID: 26309090 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1086052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound repair in adult mammals typically does not regenerate original dermal architecture. Skin that has undergone repair following injury is not identical to intact uninjured skin. This disparity may be caused by differences in the mechanisms that regulate postnatal cutaneous wound repair compared to embryonic skin development and thus we seek a deeper understanding of the role that Wnt signaling plays in the mechanisms of skin repair in both fetal and adult wounds. The influence of secreted Wnt signaling proteins in tissue homeostasis has galvanized efforts to identify small molecules that target Wnt-mediated cellular responses. Wnt signaling is activated by wounding and participates in every subsequent stage of the healing process from the control of inflammation and programmed cell death, to the mobilization of stem cell reservoirs within the wound site. Endogenous Wnt signaling augmentation represents an attractive option to aid in the restoration of cutaneous wounds, as the complex mechanisms of the Wnt pathway have been increasingly investigated over the years. In this review, we summarize recent data elucidating the roles that Wnt signaling plays in cutaneous wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow S Houschyar
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA. ,b Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ; Bergmannstrost Halle , Germany
| | - Arash Momeni
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Malcolm N Pyles
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Alexander J Whittam
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Frank Siemers
- b Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ; Bergmannstrost Halle , Germany
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Singh D, Singh D, Han SS. 3D Printing of Scaffold for Cells Delivery: Advances in Skin Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8010019. [PMID: 30979115 PMCID: PMC6432526 DOI: 10.3390/polym8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury or damage to tissue and organs is a major health problem, resulting in about half of the world’s annual healthcare expenditure every year. Advances in the fields of stem cells (SCs) and biomaterials processing have provided a tremendous leap for researchers to manipulate the dynamics between these two, and obtain a skin substitute that can completely heal the wounded areas. Although wound healing needs a coordinated interplay between cells, extracellular proteins and growth factors, the most important players in this process are the endogenous SCs, which activate the repair cascade by recruiting cells from different sites. Extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins are activated by these SCs, which in turn aid in cellular migrations and finally secretion of growth factors that can seal and heal the wounds. The interaction between ECM proteins and SCs helps the skin to sustain the rigors of everyday activity, and in an attempt to attain this level of functionality in artificial three-dimensional (3D) constructs, tissue engineered biomaterials are fabricated using more advanced techniques such as bioprinting and laser assisted printing of the organs. This review provides a concise summary of the most recent advances that have been made in the area of polymer bio-fabrication using 3D bio printing used for encapsulating stem cells for skin regeneration. The focus of this review is to describe, in detail, the role of 3D architecture and arrangement of cells within this system that can heal wounds and aid in skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT-06510, CT, USA.
| | - Dolly Singh
- Biomaterials Lab, Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ko, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbukdo 712-749, Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- Biomaterials Lab, Department of Nano, Medical & Polymer Materials, College of Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ko, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsanbukdo 712-749, Korea.
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41
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Yang R, Zheng Y, Burrows M, Liu S, Wei Z, Nace A, Guo W, Kumar S, Cotsarelis G, Xu X. Generation of folliculogenic human epithelial stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2015; 5:3071. [PMID: 24468981 PMCID: PMC4049184 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial stem cells (EpSCs) in the hair follicle bulge are required for hair follicle growth and cycling. The isolation and propagation of human EpSCs for tissue engineering purposes remains a challenge. Here we develop a strategy to differentiate human iPSCs (hiPSCs) into CD200+/ITGA6+ EpSCs that can reconstitute the epithelial components of the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis. The hiPSC-derived CD200+/ITGA6+ cells show a similar gene expression signature as EpSCs directly isolated from human hair follicles. Human iPSC-derived CD200+/ITGA6+ cells are capable of generating all hair follicle lineages including the hair shaft, and the inner and outer root sheaths in skin reconstitution assays. The regenerated hair follicles possess a KRT15+ stem cell population and produce hair shafts expressing hair specific keratins. These results suggest an approach for generating large numbers of human EpSCs for tissue engineering and new treatments for hair loss, wound healing and other degenerative skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Burrows
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shujing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Arben Nace
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Yan L, Cao R, Wang L, Liu Y, Pan B, Yin Y, Lv X, Zhuang Q, Sun X, Xiao R. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keloid tissues and TGF-β1-induced hair follicle outer root sheath keratinocytes. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:601-10. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuanbo Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
| | - Bo Pan
- Auricular Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center; Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Ba-da-chu Beijing People's Republic of China
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Chan CC, Fan SMY, Wang WH, Mu YF, Lin SJ. A Two-Stepped Culture Method for Efficient Production of Trichogenic Keratinocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1070-9. [PMID: 25951188 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful hair follicle (HF) neogenesis in adult life depends on the existence of both capable dermal cells and competent epidermal keratinocytes that recapitulate embryonic organogenesis through epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. In tissue engineering, the maintenance of trichogenic potential of adult epidermal cells, while expanding them remains a challenging issue. We found that although HF outer root sheath keratinocytes could be expanded for more than 100 passages as clonogenic cells without losing the proliferative potential with a 3T3J2 fibroblast feeder layer, these keratinocytes were unable to form new HFs when combined with inductive HF dermal papilla (DP) cells. However, when these high-passage keratinocytes were cocultured with HF DP cells for 4 days in vitro, they regained the trichogenic ability to form new HFs after transplantation. We found that the short-term coculture with DP cells enhanced both Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a signaling cascade key to HF development, and upregulated the expression of HF-specific genes, including K6, K16, K17, and K75, in keratinocytes, indicating that these cells were poised toward a HF fate. Hence, efficient production of trichogenic keratinocytes can be obtained by a two-stepped procedure with initial cell expansion with a 3T3J2 fibroblast feeder followed by short-term coculture with DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Chan
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Wang
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Mu
- 2 Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,2 Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
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Peng Y, Xuan M, Leung VYL, Cheng B. Stem cells and aberrant signaling of molecular systems in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 19:8-21. [PMID: 25446806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ and it is able to self-repair throughout an individual's life. With advanced age, skin is prone to degenerate in response to damage. Although cosmetic surgery has been widely adopted to rejuvinate skin, we are far from a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for skin aging. Recently, adult skin-resident stem/progenitor cells, growth arrest, senescence or apoptotic death and dysfunction caused by alterations in key signaling genes, such as Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt-kinases, Wnt, p21 and p53, have been shown to play a vital role in skin regeneration. Simultaneously, enhanced telomere attrition, hormone exhaustion, oxidative stress, genetic events and ultraviolet radiation exposure that result in severe DNA damage, genomic instability and epigenetic mutations also contribute to skin aging. Therefore, cell replacement and targeting of the molecular systems found in skin hold great promise for controlling or even curing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Min Xuan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Biao Cheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China.
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47
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Lalit PA, Hei DJ, Raval AN, Kamp TJ. Induced pluripotent stem cells for post-myocardial infarction repair: remarkable opportunities and challenges. Circ Res 2014; 114:1328-45. [PMID: 24723658 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.300556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease with associated myocardial infarction continues to be a major cause of death and morbidity around the world, despite significant advances in therapy. Patients who have large myocardial infarctions are at highest risk for progressive heart failure and death, and cell-based therapies offer new hope for these patients. A recently discovered cell source for cardiac repair has emerged as a result of a breakthrough reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSCs can proliferate indefinitely in culture and can differentiate into cardiac lineages, including cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and cardiac progenitors. Thus, large quantities of desired cell products can be generated without being limited by cellular senescence. The iPSCs can be obtained from patients to allow autologous therapy or, alternatively, banks of human leukocyte antigen diverse iPSCs are possible for allogeneic therapy. Preclinical animal studies using a variety of cell preparations generated from iPSCs have shown evidence of cardiac repair. Methodology for the production of clinical grade products from human iPSCs is in place. Ongoing studies for the safety of various iPSC preparations with regard to the risk of tumor formation, immune rejection, induction of arrhythmias, and formation of stable cardiac grafts are needed as the field advances toward the first-in-man trials of iPSCs after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik A Lalit
- From the Department of Medicine (P.A.L., A.N.R., T.J.K.), Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program (P.A.L., T.J.K.), and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center (P.A.L., D.J.H., A.N.R., T.J.K.), Waisman Biomanufacturing at University of Wisconsin, Madison (D.J.H.)
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Koch PJ, Dinella J, Fete M, Siegfried EC, Koster MI. Modeling AEC-New approaches to study rare genetic disorders. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2443-54. [PMID: 24665072 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome is a rare monogenetic disorder that is characterized by severe abnormalities in ectoderm-derived tissues, such as skin and its appendages. A major cause of morbidity among affected infants is severe and chronic skin erosions. Currently, supportive care is the only available treatment option for AEC patients. Mutations in TP63, a gene that encodes key regulators of epidermal development, are the genetic cause of AEC. However, it is currently not clear how mutations in TP63 lead to the various defects seen in the patients' skin. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge of the AEC disease mechanism obtained by studying patient tissue and genetically engineered mouse models designed to mimic aspects of the disorder. We will then focus on new approaches to model AEC, including the use of patient cells and stem cell technology to replicate the disease in a human tissue culture model. The latter approach will advance our understanding of the disease and will allow for the development of new in vitro systems to identify drugs for the treatment of skin erosions in AEC patients. Further, the use of stem cell technology, in particular induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), will enable researchers to develop new therapeutic approaches to treat the disease using the patient's own cells (autologous keratinocyte transplantation) after correction of the disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Koch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Ohyama M, Okano H. Promise of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration and Investigation. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:605-609. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Environmental reprogramming and molecular profiling in reconstitution of human hair follicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19658-9. [PMID: 24272942 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319413110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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