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Luo Y, Bollag WB. The Role of PGC-1α in Aging Skin Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:1135. [PMID: 38994987 PMCID: PMC11240425 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin provides a physical and immune barrier to protect the body from foreign substances, microbial invasion, and desiccation. Aging reduces the barrier function of skin and its rate of repair. Aged skin exhibits decreased mitochondrial function and prolonged low-level inflammation that can be seen in other organs with aging. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an important transcriptional coactivator, plays a central role in modulating mitochondrial function and antioxidant production. Mitochondrial function and inflammation have been linked to epidermal function, but the mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which PGC-1α might exert a positive effect on aged skin barrier function. Initially, we provide an overview of the function of skin under physiological and aging conditions, focusing on the epidermis. We then discuss mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and inflamm-aging, the chronic low-level inflammation observed in aging individuals. Finally, we discuss the effects of PGC-1α on mitochondrial function, as well as the regulation and role of PGC-1α in the aging epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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2
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Melnyk S, Bollag WB. Aquaporins in the Cornea. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3748. [PMID: 38612559 PMCID: PMC11011575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea is an avascular, transparent tissue that allows light to enter the visual system. Accurate vision requires proper maintenance of the cornea's integrity and structure. Due to its exposure to the external environment, the cornea is prone to injury and must undergo proper wound healing to restore vision. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channels important for passive water transport and, in some family members, the transport of other small molecules; AQPs are expressed in all layers of the cornea. Although their functions as water channels are well established, the direct function of AQPs in the cornea is still being determined and is the focus of this review. AQPs, primarily AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5, have been found to play an important role in maintaining water homeostasis, the corneal structure in relation to proper hydration, and stress responses, as well as wound healing in all layers of the cornea. Due to their many functions in the cornea, the identification of drug targets that modulate the expression of AQPs in the cornea could be beneficial to promote corneal wound healing and restore proper function of this tissue crucial for vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Melnyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Charlie Norwood Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
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3
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Luo Y, Vivaldi Marrero E, Choudhary V, Bollag WB. Phosphatidylglycerol to Treat Chronic Skin Wounds in Diabetes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1497. [PMID: 37242739 PMCID: PMC10222993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review proposes the use of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) to enhance diabetic wound healing. Initially, the characteristics of diabetic wounds are examined, focusing on the epidermis. Hyperglycemia accompanying diabetes results in enhanced inflammation and oxidative stress in part through the generation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), in which glucose is conjugated to macromolecules. These AGEs activate inflammatory pathways; oxidative stress results from increased reactive oxygen species generation by mitochondria rendered dysfunctional by hyperglycemia. These factors work together to reduce the ability of keratinocytes to restore epidermal integrity, contributing to chronic diabetic wounds. DOPG has a pro-proliferative action on keratinocytes (through an unclear mechanism) and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes and the innate immune system by inhibiting the activation of Toll-like receptors. DOPG has also been found to enhance macrophage mitochondrial function. Since these DOPG effects would be expected to counteract the increased oxidative stress (attributable in part to mitochondrial dysfunction), decreased keratinocyte proliferation, and enhanced inflammation that characterize chronic diabetic wounds, DOPG may be useful in stimulating wound healing. To date, efficacious therapies to promote the healing of chronic diabetic wounds are largely lacking; thus, DOPG may be added to the armamentarium of drugs to enhance diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Edymarie Vivaldi Marrero
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.L.); (E.V.M.); (V.C.)
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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4
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Luo Y, Uaratanawong R, Choudhary V, Hardin M, Zhang C, Melnyk S, Chen X, Bollag WB. Advanced Glycation End Products and Activation of Toll-like Receptor-2 and -4 Induced Changes in Aquaporin-3 Expression in Mouse Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1376. [PMID: 36674890 PMCID: PMC9864132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inflammation and impaired re-epithelization are major contributing factors to chronic non-healing diabetic wounds; diabetes is also characterized by xerosis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and the activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), can trigger inflammatory responses. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays essential roles in keratinocyte function and skin wound re-epithelialization/re-generation and hydration. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, mimics the increased acetylation observed in diabetes. We investigated the effects of TLR2/TLR4 activators and AGEs on keratinocyte AQP3 expression in the presence and absence of SAHA. Primary mouse keratinocytes were treated with or without TLR2 agonist Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM), TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or AGEs, with or without SAHA. We found that (1) PAM and LPS significantly upregulated AQP3 protein basally (without SAHA) and PAM downregulated AQP3 protein with SAHA; and (2) AGEs (100 µg/mL) increased AQP3 protein expression basally and decreased AQP3 levels with SAHA. PAM and AGEs produced similar changes in AQP3 expression, suggesting a common pathway or potential crosstalk between TLR2 and AGEs signaling. Our findings suggest that TLR2 activation and AGEs may be beneficial for wound healing and skin hydration under normal conditions via AQP3 upregulation, but that these pathways are likely deleterious in diabetes chronically through decreased AQP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rawipan Uaratanawong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Mary Hardin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Catherine Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Samuel Melnyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wendy B. Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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5
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Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of our body and plays a protective role against the external environment. The skin functions as a mechanical and water permeability barrier, assisting with thermoregulation and defending our body against a variety of stresses such as ultraviolet radiation, microbial infection, physical injuries, and chemical hazards. The structure of the skin consists of three main layers: the hypodermis, the dermis, and the epidermis. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of integral membrane proteins whose function is to regulate intracellular fluid hemostasis by facilitating the transportation of water, and in some cases small molecules, across the cell membranes. Up to six different AQPs (AQP1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 10) are expressed in a variety of cell types in the skin. The AQP family plays an important role in these various locations, contributing to many key functions of the skin including hydration, wound healing, and immune responses. The involvement of different aquaporin family members in skin is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuming Yin
- Department of Breast Oncoplastic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Sino-Russian Joint Research Center for Oncoplastic Breast Surgery, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Tricarico PM, Mentino D, De Marco A, Del Vecchio C, Garra S, Cazzato G, Foti C, Crovella S, Calamita G. Aquaporins Are One of the Critical Factors in the Disruption of the Skin Barrier in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4020. [PMID: 35409378 PMCID: PMC8999368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving as an effective mechanical barrier between the internal milieu and the external environment. The skin is widely considered the first-line defence of the body, with an essential function in rejecting pathogens and preventing mechanical, chemical, and physical damages. Keratinocytes are the predominant cells of the outer skin layer, the epidermis, which acts as a mechanical and water-permeability barrier. The epidermis is a permanently renewed tissue where undifferentiated keratinocytes located at the basal layer proliferate and migrate to the overlying layers. During this migration process, keratinocytes undertake a differentiation program known as keratinization process. Dysregulation of this differentiation process can result in a series of skin disorders. In this context, aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins allowing the movement of water and small neutral solutes, are emerging as important players in skin physiology and skin diseases. Here, we review the role of AQPs in skin keratinization, hydration, keratinocytes proliferation, water retention, barrier repair, wound healing, and immune response activation. We also discuss the dysregulated involvement of AQPs in some common inflammatory dermatological diseases characterised by skin barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maura Tricarico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Aurora De Marco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Del Vecchio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Caterina Foti
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare, 11, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
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7
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Samuelov L, Bochner R, Magal L, Malovitski K, Sagiv N, Nousbeck J, Keren A, Fuchs-Telem D, Sarig O, Gilhar A, Sprecher E. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, as a potential novel treatment for psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 31:567-576. [PMID: 34787924 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is characterized by aberrant activation of several pro-inflammatory circuits as well as abnormal hyperproliferation and dysregulated apoptosis of keratinocytes (KCs). Most currently available therapeutic options primarily target psoriasis-associated immunological defects rather than epidermal abnormalities. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, Vorinostat, in targeting hyperproliferation and impaired apoptosis in psoriatic skin. METHODS Vorinostat effect was investigated in primary KCs cell cultures using cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry, apoptosis assays (Annexin V-FICH and caspase-3/7) and antibody arrays, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Vorinostat impact on clinical manifestations of psoriasis was investigated in a chimeric mouse model. RESULTS Vorinostat was found to inhibit KCs proliferation and to induce their differentiation and apoptosis. Using a chimeric mouse model, vorinostat was found to result in marked attenuation of a psoriasiform phenotype with a significant decrease in epidermal thickness and inhibition of epidermal proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that vorinostat, a prototypic HDAC inhibitor, may be of potential use in the treatment of psoriasis and other hyperproliferative skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Bochner
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lee Magal
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadav Sagiv
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Janna Nousbeck
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dana Fuchs-Telem
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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8
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Ikarashi N, Shiseki M, Yoshida R, Tabata K, Kimura R, Watanabe T, Kon R, Sakai H, Kamei J. Cannabidiol Application Increases Cutaneous Aquaporin-3 and Exerts a Skin Moisturizing Effect. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090879. [PMID: 34577578 PMCID: PMC8469387 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major nonpsychotropic component of Cannabis sativa with various pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the skin moisturizing effect of CBD and its mechanism. A 1% CBD solution was applied daily to skin of HR-1 hairless (Seven-week-old, male) for 14 days. The dermal water content in CBD-treated mice was significantly increased compared to that in the control group. Furthermore, no inflammatory reaction in the skin and no obvious skin disorders were observed. The mRNA expression levels of loricrin, filaggrin, collagen, hyaluronic acid degrading enzyme, hyaluronic acid synthase, ceramide degrading enzyme, and ceramide synthase in the skin were not affected by the application of CBD. However, only aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a member of the aquaporin family, showed significantly higher levels in the CBD-treated group than in the control group at both the mRNA and protein levels. It was revealed that CBD has a moisturizing effect on the skin. In addition, it is possible that increased expression of AQP3, which plays an important role in skin water retention, is a contributor to the mechanism. CBD is expected to be developed in the future as a cosmetic material with a unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.); +81-3-3815-7021 (J.K.)
| | - Marina Shiseki
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Ryotaro Yoshida
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Keito Tabata
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Rina Kimura
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomofumi Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (R.Y.); (K.T.); (R.K.); (T.W.); (R.K.); (H.S.)
- Juntendo Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (J.K.); Tel.: +81-3-5498-5918 (N.I.); +81-3-3815-7021 (J.K.)
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9
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Łuczaj W, Dobrzyńska I, Wroński A, Domingues MR, Domingues P, Skrzydlewska E. Cannabidiol-Mediated Changes to the Phospholipid Profile of UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes from Psoriatic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186592. [PMID: 32916896 PMCID: PMC7555222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UVB phototherapy is treatment for psoriasis, which increases phospholipid oxidative modifications in the cell membrane of the skin. Therefore, we carried out lipidomic analysis on the keratinocytes of healthy individuals and patients with psoriasis irradiated with UVB and treated with cannabidiol (CBD), phytocannabinoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our results showed that, in psoriatic keratinocytes phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and ether-linked phosphoethanolamine (PEo), were downregulated, while SM (d41:2) was upregulated. These changes were accompanied by an increase in negative zeta potential, which indicates translocation of PS to the outer layer of the membrane. CBD treatment of psoriatic keratinocytes led to downregulation of PC, PS, and upregulation of certain PEo and an SM species, SM (d42:2), and the zeta potential. However, UVB irradiation of psoriatic keratinocytes resulted in upregulation of PC, PC plasmalogens (PCp), PEo, and a decrease in the negative zeta potential. The exposure of UVB-irradiated cells to CBD led to a decrease in the level of SM (d42:2). Our results suggest that CBD induces pro-apoptotic mechanisms in psoriatic keratinocytes while simultaneously improving the antioxidant properties and preventing the loss of transepidermal water of keratinocytes of patients irradiated with UVB. Thus, CBD has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857485882
| | - Izabela Dobrzyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University in Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Adam Wroński
- Dermatological Specialized Center “DERMAL” NZOZ in Bialystok, 15-453 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (MR.D.); (P.D.)
- Department of Chemistry &, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (MR.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2d, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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10
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Yao Q, Jia T, Qiao W, Gu H, Kaku K. Unsaturated fatty acid-enriched extract from Hippophae rhamnoides seed reduces skin dryness through up-regulating aquaporins 3 and hyaluronan synthetases 2 expressions. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:321-329. [PMID: 32638495 PMCID: PMC7818504 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Seed oil of sea buckthorn (SBT) is well known to contain high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and PUFA is generally acknowledged to promote skin hydration by reducing trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL). Aims The present study is aimed to investigate that skin hydration offered by SBT seed oil is whether through up‐regulating AQP3 or HAS2 expression. Methods MTT assay was performed to detect cytotoxicity of SBT seed oil, and then, PCR was carried out to explore whether SBT seed oil can increase AQP3 mRNA expression in normal human epidermis keratinocytes (NHEK) cells or not. Immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot analysis were used to test the protein level expression of AQP3 and HAS2 influenced by SBT seed oil in NHEK cells or in reconstructed epidermis skin model. Results According to the result of MTT assay, all test concentration of SBT seed oil showed no cytotoxicity to cells. 10 μg/mL SBT seed oil treatment evidently increased AQP3 mRNA level compared to negative control (NC). IF and Western blot analysis results demonstrated that AQP3 and HAS2 protein levels in NHEK cells treated with 10 μg/mL SBT seed oil were much higher than that of NC. Finally, treatment with 10 μg/mL SBT seed oil substantially up‐regulated expression of AQP3 and HAS2 protein in reconstructed epidermis skin model in comparison to NC. Conclusions In summary, our study first proved that SBT seed oil can improve skin hydration through increasing AQP3 and HAS2 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Yao
- Pigeon Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Tinghan Jia
- Pigeon Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Qiao
- Pigeon Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjian Gu
- Pigeon Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Ken Kaku
- Pigeon Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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11
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Möbus L, Rodriguez E, Harder I, Stölzl D, Boraczynski N, Gerdes S, Kleinheinz A, Abraham S, Heratizadeh A, Handrick C, Haufe E, Werfel T, Schmitt J, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis displays stable and dynamic skin transcriptome signatures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:213-223. [PMID: 32615169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin transcriptome studies in atopic dermatitis (AD) showed broad dysregulation as well as "improvement" under therapy. These observations were mainly made in trials and based on microarray data. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to explore the skin transcriptome and the impact of systemic treatment in patients of the TREATgermany registry. METHODS Biopsy specimens from 59 patients with moderate-to-severe AD before and 30 patients 12 weeks after start of systemic treatment (dupilumab [n = 22] or cyclosporine [n = 8]) and from 31 healthy controls were subjected to mRNA sequencing. Differential expression, pathway enrichment, correlation, and coexpression network analysis were conducted. RESULTS Both lesional and nonlesional skin showed a stable "core" signature characterized by disturbed epidermal differentiation and activation of IL-31/IL-1 signaling. A second dynamic signature showed progressive enrichment for type 2 inflammation, TH17 signaling, and natural killer cell function. Markers correlated with disease activity have functions in epidermal barrier properties and immune modulation. IL4RA was among the top 3 central dysregulated genes. Cyclosporine led to a more pronounced global transcriptome reversion and normalized TH17 cell/IL23 signaling, whereas dupilumab led to a stronger increase in level of epidermal differentiation markers. Both treatments strongly decreased levels of type 2 markers, but overall the residual profile was still profoundly different from that of healthy skin. Lower levels of IL4RA and IL13 and high IL36A expression were related to a stronger clinical response to dupilumab. CONCLUSION The AD core signature is characterized by dysregulation of genes related to keratinocyte differentiation and itch signaling. A dynamic signature reflects progressive immune responses dominated by type 2 cytokines with an additional role of TH17 and natural killer cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Möbus
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elke Rodriguez
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Harder
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dora Stölzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Boraczynski
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Gerdes
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Abraham
- University Allergy Centre, Carl Gustav Carus University Medical Centre, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annice Heratizadeh
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christiane Handrick
- Practice for Dermatology and Venereology, Christiane Handrick, MD, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Haufe
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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12
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Choudhary V, Griffith S, Chen X, Bollag WB. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation Increases Keratinocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators and is Inhibited by Phosphatidylglycerol. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 97:324-335. [PMID: 32173651 PMCID: PMC7174787 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin serves not only as a protective barrier to microbial entry into the body but also as an immune organ. The outer layer, the epidermis, is composed predominantly of keratinocytes, which can be stimulated to produce proinflammatory mediators. Although some inflammation is useful to defend against infection, excessive or persistent inflammation can lead to the development of inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, a common skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the US population. We have previously found that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) derived from soy can inhibit inflammation in a contact irritant ear edema mouse model. Here, we investigated the ability of soy PG to inhibit inflammatory mediator expression in response to activators of the pattern recognition receptors, toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and -4 (TLR4). We found that in epidermal keratinocytes, soy PG inhibited TLR2 and TLR4 activation and inflammatory mediator expression in response to a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, as well as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern. However, at higher concentrations, soy PG alone enhanced the expression of some proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a narrow therapeutic window for this lipid. Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), but not dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, exerted a similar inhibitory effect, completely blocking keratinocyte inflammatory mediator expression induced by TLR2 and TLR4 activators as well as NFκB activation in a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7); however, DOPG was not itself proinflammatory even at high concentrations. Furthermore, DOPG had no effect on NFκB activation in response to a TLR7/8 agonist. Our results suggest that DOPG could be used to inhibit excessive skin inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although inflammation is beneficial for clearing an infection, in some cases, the infection can be excessive and/or become chronic, thereby resulting in considerable tissue damage and pathological conditions. We show here that the phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol can inhibit the activation of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 of the innate immune system as well as the downstream inflammatory mediator expression in response to microbial component-mimicking agents in epidermal keratinocytes that form the physical barrier of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); and Departments of Physiology (V.C., S.G., X.C., W.B.B.) and Dermatology (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shantelle Griffith
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); and Departments of Physiology (V.C., S.G., X.C., W.B.B.) and Dermatology (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); and Departments of Physiology (V.C., S.G., X.C., W.B.B.) and Dermatology (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); and Departments of Physiology (V.C., S.G., X.C., W.B.B.) and Dermatology (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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13
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Bollag WB, Aitkens L, White J, Hyndman KA. Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis: more than skin deep. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1144-C1153. [PMID: 32267715 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00075.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The skin is essential for terrestrial life. It is responsible for regulating water permeability and functions as a mechanical barrier that protects against environmental insults such as microbial infection, ultraviolet light, injury, and heat and cold, which could damage the cells of the body and compromise survival of the organism. This barrier is provided by the outer layer, the epidermis, which is composed predominantly of keratinocytes; keratinocytes undergo a program of differentiation to form the stratum corneum comprising the cornified squame "bricks" and lipid "mortar." Dysregulation of this differentiation program can result in skin diseases, including psoriasis and nonmelanoma skin cancers, among others. Accumulating evidence in the literature indicates that the water-, glycerol-, and hydrogen peroxide-transporting channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a key role in various processes involved in keratinocyte function, and abnormalities in this channel have been observed in several human skin diseases. Here, we discuss the data linking AQP3 to keratinocyte proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival as well as its role in skin properties and functions like hydration, water retention, wound healing, and barrier repair. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating AQP3 levels, localization, and function and the anomalies in AQP3 that are associated with various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lorry Aitkens
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kelly A Hyndman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Yang R, Chowdhury S, Choudhary V, Chen X, Bollag WB. Keratinocyte aquaporin-3 expression induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors is mediated in part by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:380-386. [PMID: 32003033 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The water and glycerol channel, aquaporin-3 (AQP3), plays an important role in the skin epidermis, with effects on hydration, permeability barrier repair and wound healing; therefore, information about the mechanisms regulating its expression is important for a complete understanding of skin function physiologically and in disease conditions. We previously demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce the mRNA and protein expression of AQP3, in part through the p53 family, transcription factors for which acetylation is known to affect their regulatory activity. Another set of transcription factors previously shown to induce AQP3 expression and/or regulate skin function are the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Since there are reports that PPARs are also acetylated, we examined the involvement of these nuclear hormone receptors in HDACi-induced AQP3 expression. We first verified that a PPARγ agonist upregulated AQP3 mRNA and protein levels and that this increase was blocked by a PPARγ antagonist. We then showed that the PPARγ antagonist also inhibited AQP3 expression induced both by a broad-spectrum HDACi and an HDAC3-selective inhibitor. Interestingly, a PPARα antagonist also inhibited HDACi-induced AQP3 expression. These antagonist effects were observed in both primary mouse and normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, PPARγ overexpression enhanced HDACi-stimulated AQP3 mRNA levels. Thus, our results suggest that PPARγ and/or PPARα may play a role in regulating AQP3 levels in the skin; based on the ability of PPAR agonists to promote epidermal differentiation and/or inhibit proliferation, topical PPAR agonists might be considered as a therapy for hyperproliferative skin disorders, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Jianghan University Medical School, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shinjini Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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15
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Ikarashi N, Mizukami N, Kon R, Kaneko M, Uchino R, Fujisawa I, Fukuda N, Sakai H, Kamei J. Study of the Mechanism Underlying the Onset of Diabetic Xeroderma Focusing on an Aquaporin-3 in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153782. [PMID: 31382467 PMCID: PMC6696158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma is a frequent complication in diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the onset of diabetic xeroderma, focusing on aquaporin-3 (AQP3), which plays an important role in water transport in the skin. Dermal water content in diabetic mice was significantly lower than that in control mice. The expression level of AQP3 in the skin was significantly lower in diabetic mice than in control mice. One week after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment, despite their increased blood glucose levels, mice showed no changes in the expression levels of AQP3, Bmal1, Clock, and D site-binding protein (Dbp) in the skin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the urine. In contrast, two weeks after STZ treatment, mice showed increases in the blood glucose level, decreases in AQP3, Bmal1, Clock, and Dbp levels, and increases in the urinary levels of 8-OHdG. The results of this study suggest that skin AQP3 expression decreases in diabetes, which may limit water transport from the vessel side to the corneum side, causing dry skin. In addition, in diabetic mice, increased oxidative stress triggered decreases in the expression levels of Bmal1 and Clock in the skin, thereby inhibiting the transcription of Aqp3 by Dbp, which resulted in decreased AQP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutomo Ikarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Nanaho Mizukami
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Risako Kon
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miho Kaneko
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ryogo Uchino
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Fujisawa
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Natsuko Fukuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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16
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Choudhary V, Uaratanawong R, Patel RR, Patel H, Bao W, Hartney B, Cohen E, Chen X, Zhong Q, Isales CM, Bollag WB. Phosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammation by Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:868-877. [PMID: 30391260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and inflammation. We previously showed that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) can regulate keratinocyte function and suppress skin inflammation. Based on data suggesting that PG can inhibit toll-like receptor (TLR) activation induced by microorganisms and their components, we determined whether PG can inhibit TLR activation in response to antimicrobial peptides. These peptides, which are up-regulated in psoriasis, are known to function as danger-associated molecular patterns (i.e., DAMPs) to activate TLRs and the innate immune system. Because S100A9 is elevated in psoriatic skin and in animal models of psoriasis, we selected S100A9 as a representative antimicrobial peptide DAMP. We showed that in primary keratinocytes and a macrophage cell line, PG suppressed inflammatory mediator production induced by recombinant S100A9 functioning through both TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, PG, but not phosphatidylcholine, inhibited downstream S100A9-elicited TLR2 and NF-κB activation. These results, to our knowledge previously unreported, show PG's ability to inhibit DAMP-induced TLR activation, thereby reducing inflammatory signals. In addition, topical PG ameliorated skin lesions and inflammation in a mouse model of psoriasis. Together, these results suggest the possibility of developing PG as a therapy for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rawipan Uaratanawong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ravi R Patel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hirel Patel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendi Bao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bernadette Hartney
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elyssa Cohen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
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17
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Xie D, Choudhary V, Seremwe M, Edwards JG, Wang A, Emmons AC, Bollag KA, Johnson MH, Bollag WB. Soy Phosphatidylglycerol Reduces Inflammation in a Contact Irritant Ear Edema Mouse Model In Vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:1-8. [PMID: 29695409 PMCID: PMC5988020 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) regulates the function of keratinocytes, the predominant cells that compose the epidermis, inhibiting the proliferation of rapidly dividing keratinocytes. In particular, soy PG, a PG mixture with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is efficacious at inhibiting these proliferating keratinocytes. Psoriasis is a skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammation. Data in the lung suggest that PG in pulmonary surfactant inhibits inflammation. To investigate the possibility of using PG containing polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment of psoriasis, we examined the effect of soy PG on inflammation induced by the application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a contact irritant, to mouse ears in vivo. We monitored ear thickness and weight as a measure of ear edema, as well as CD45-positive immune cell infiltration. Our results indicate that soy PG when applied together with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D), an agent known to acutely disrupt the skin barrier, suppressed ear edema and inhibited the infiltration of CD45-positive immune cells. On the other hand, neither PG nor vitamin D alone was effective. The combination also decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels. This result suggested the possibility that PG was not permeating the skin barrier efficiently. Therefore, in a further study we applied PG in a penetration-enhancing vehicle and found that it inhibited inflammation induced by the phorbol ester and decreased CD45-positive immune cell infiltration. Our results suggest the possibility of using soy PG as a topical treatment option for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xie
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Mutsa Seremwe
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - John G Edwards
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Angela Wang
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Aaron C Emmons
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Katherine A Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia (V.C., W.B.B.); Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.X., M.S., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (D.X., V.C., M.S., A.W., A.C.E., K.A.B., W.B.B.), Department of Family Medicine (D.X.), Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (M.H.J.), and Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Apeliotus Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.G.E., W.B.B.)
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18
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Bollag WB, Helwa I, Choudhary V, Chen X, Kaddour-Djebbar I. Response to Letter to the Editor on “Anti-Psoriatic Drug Monomethylfumarate Increases Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Levels and Induces Aquaporin-3 mRNA and Protein Expression”. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 364:449-451. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Bailey LJ, Choudhary V, Bollag WB. Possible Role of Phosphatidylglycerol-Activated Protein Kinase C-βII in Keratinocyte Differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:59-71. [PMID: 32528559 PMCID: PMC7289045 DOI: 10.2174/1874372201711010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The epidermis is a continuously regenerating tissue maintained by a balance between proliferation and differentiation, with imbalances resulting in skin disease. We have previously found that in mouse keratinocytes, the lipid-metabolizing enzyme phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is associated with the aquaglyceroporin, aquaporin 3 (AQP3), an efficient transporter of glycerol. Our results also show that the functional interaction of AQP3 and PLD2 results in increased levels of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in response to an elevated extracellular calcium level, which triggers keratinocyte differentiation. Indeed, we showed that directly applying PG can promote keratinocyte differentiation. Objective We hypothesized that the differentiative effects of this PLD2/AQP3/PG signaling cascade, in which AQP3 mediates the transport of glycerol into keratinocytes followed by its PLD2-catalyzed conversion to PG, are mediated by protein kinase CβII (PKCβII), which contains a PG-binding domain in its carboxy-terminus. Method: To test this hypothesis we used quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Results We first verified the presence of PKCβII mRNA and protein in mouse keratinocytes. Next, we found that autophosphorylated (activated) PKCβII was redistributed upon treatment of keratinocytes with PG. In the unstimulated state phosphoPKCβII was found in the cytosol and perinuclear area; treatment with PG resulted in enhanced phosphoPKCβII localization in the perinuclear area. PG also induced translocation of phosphoPKCβII to the plasma membrane. In addition, we observed that overexpression of PKCβII enhanced calcium- and PG-induced keratinocyte differentiation without affecting calcium-inhibited keratinocyte proliferation. Conclusion These results suggest that the PG produced by the PLD2/AQP3 signaling module may function by activating PKCβII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakiea J Bailey
- Department of Physiology, 1120 15th Street, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.,Department of Physiology, 1120 15th Street, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA.,Department of Physiology, 1120 15th Street, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University), Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Helwa I, Choudhary V, Chen X, Kaddour-Djebbar I, Bollag WB. Anti-Psoriatic Drug Monomethylfumarate Increases Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Levels and Induces Aquaporin-3 mRNA and Protein Expression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:243-253. [PMID: 28515158 PMCID: PMC5502379 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.239715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis. Monomethylfumarate (MMF) is an antipsoriatic agent with a poorly understood mechanism of action. In other cell types MMF increases the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that regulates cellular antioxidant responses, to reduce oxidative stress like that observed in inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis. We tested the hypothesis that MMF enhances Nrf2 activity in keratinocytes, thereby improving their capacity to counteract environmental stresses. We used Western analysis, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to examine the effect of MMF on the expression of Nrf2 and its targets. We also measured intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels following MMF treatment. Our data show that MMF increased total and nuclear Nrf2 levels in primary mouse keratinocytes and enhanced mRNA expression of several Nrf2-downstream effectors, including heme oxygenase-1 and peroxiredoxin-6. Moreover, MMF treatment attenuated the generation of ROS following hydrogen peroxide treatment. On the other hand, the expression and membranous localization of aquaporin-3 (AQP3), a glycerol channel implicated in keratinocyte differentiation, was stimulated by MMF, which also enhanced keratinocyte glycerol uptake. The Nrf2 activator sulforaphane also increased AQP3 levels, suggesting that AQP3 expression may be regulated by Nrf2. We show for the first time that MMF stimulates Nrf2 and AQP3 expression and function/activity in keratinocytes. This effect may account, in part, for the previously observed ability of MMF to inhibit proliferation and inflammatory mediator production and promote differentiation in keratinocytes and to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Helwa
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia; Department of Oral Biology (I.H., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), and Department of Medicine (Dermatology) (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia; Department of Oral Biology (I.H., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), and Department of Medicine (Dermatology) (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia; Department of Oral Biology (I.H., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), and Department of Medicine (Dermatology) (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia; Department of Oral Biology (I.H., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), and Department of Medicine (Dermatology) (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), Augusta, Georgia; Department of Oral Biology (I.H., W.B.B.), Department of Physiology (V.C., X.C., I.K.-D., W.B.B.), and Department of Medicine (Dermatology) (W.B.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Choudhary V, Olala LO, Kagha K, Pan ZQ, Chen X, Yang R, Cline A, Helwa I, Marshall L, Kaddour-Djebbar I, McGee-Lawrence ME, Bollag WB. Regulation of the Glycerol Transporter, Aquaporin-3, by Histone Deacetylase-3 and p53 in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1935-1944. [PMID: 28526298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin- (AQP) 3, a water and glycerol channel, plays an important role in epidermal function, with studies showing its involvement in keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration and in epidermal wound healing and barrier repair. Increasing speculation about the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to treat skin diseases led us to investigate HDAC's role in the regulation of AQP3. The broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induced AQP3 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in normal keratinocytes. The SAHA-induced increase in AQP3 levels resulted in enhanced [3H]glycerol uptake in normal but not in AQP3-knockout keratinocytes, confirming that the expressed AQP3 was functional. Use of HDAC inhibitors with different specificities limited our exploration of the responsible HDAC member to HDAC1, HDAC2, or HDAC3. Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown and overexpression of HDAC3 suggested a role for HDAC3 in suppressing AQP3 expression basally. Further investigation implicated p53 as a transcription factor involved in regulating HDAC inhibitor-induced AQP3 expression. Thus, our study supports the regulation of AQP3 expression by HDAC3 and p53. Because suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid is already approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, it could potentially be used as a therapy for skin diseases like psoriasis, where AQP3 is abnormally expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Lawrence O Olala
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Kagha
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Pan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abigail Cline
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Marshall
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Aquaporins in the Skin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:173-191. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bollag WB. Lipid signaling in keratinocytes: Lipin-1 plays a PArt. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:523-5. [PMID: 26852087 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.c067074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30904; and Departments of Physiology and Medicine (Dermatology), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
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