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Kazemi-Sufi S, Alipour S, Rabieepour M, Roshan-Milani S, Naderi R. Serum proinflammatory cytokines, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL/OPG ratio in mild and severe COVID-19. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:1047. [PMID: 39333916 PMCID: PMC11428542 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease, is characterized by a quantitative and qualitative, and progressive decrease in bone mass, which is related to inflammation. Since a cytokine storm is triggered in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this study aims to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, and their relationship in mild and severe COVID-19. METHODS This study was performed on 48 adult patients (18 mild, 18 severe COVID-19, and 12 healthy subjects as a control group). Serum OPG, RANKL, TNF-α, IL-1β, 25-OH vitamin D, and ALKp were measured by ELISA and colorimetric assay. RESULTS COVID-19 patients had a significant increase in RANKL, and RANKL/OPG in mild and severe form (p < 0.001) while OPG decreased significantly in severe form compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). Inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) increased in both groups of patients whereas Alkaline phosphatase (ALKp) increased only in severe patients (p < 0.001). Both groups had 25-OH vitamin D deficiency in comparison to healthy ones (p < 0.001). Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed to determine the relationship between RANKL, OPG, ALKp, and 25-OH vitamin D with TNF-α and IL-1β in mild and severe COVID-19, which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Serum RANKL/OPG ratio was elevated in COVID-19 individuals and is assumed to be a risk factor for BMD reduction and osteoporosis in these patients. Correlations between IL-1β, TNF-α, ALKp, 25-OH vitamin D, OPG, RANKL, and RANKL/OPG ratio offered the potential role of these proinflammatory markers in the mechanism of osteoporosis in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Kazemi-Sufi
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahriar Alipour
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Masome Rabieepour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Roshan-Milani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Kang JH, Kawano T, Murata M, Toita R. Vascular calcification and cellular signaling pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2024; 336:122309. [PMID: 38042282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular calcification (VC) is observed in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. VC is divided into three types according to its location: intimal, medial, and valvular. Various cellular signaling pathways are associated with VC, including the Wnt, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin, Ras homologous GTPase, apoptosis, Notch, and cytokine signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the literature concerning the key cellular signaling pathways associated with VC and their role as potential therapeutic targets. Inhibitors to these pathways represent good candidates for use as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hun Kang
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Takahito Kawano
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan; AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Cai Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ma H, Li R, Guo S, Wu S, Guo X. Associations Between Life's Essential 8 and Abdominal Aortic Calcification Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e031146. [PMID: 38063150 PMCID: PMC10863763 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aim to examine the associations between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the recently updated measurement of cardiovascular health (CVH), and AAC among participants aged ≥40 years. METHODS AND RESULTS This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013 to 2014. AAC (AAC score>0) and severe AAC (AAC score>6) were quantified by the Kauppila score system. Multiple linear, multivariable logistic, and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations. A total of 2369 participants were included with a mean AAC score of 1.41 (0.13). Participants in the high-cardiovascular-health group had lower AAC scores, lower prevalence of AAC, and lower prevalence of severe AAC. After the adjustment of potential confounders (age, sex, race and ethnicity, education levels, marital status, poverty income ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, serum phosphorus, and serum total calcium), higher cardiovascular health was significantly associated with lower risk of AAC. Meanwhile, elevated nicotine exposure score, blood glucose score, and blood pressure score within the LE8 components were significantly associated with lower risk of AAC. Also, nonlinear dose-response relationships were observed. Subgroup analyses (age strata, sex, poverty income ratio, education levels, marital status) indicated the inverse associations of LE8 and AAC were generally similar in different populations. CONCLUSIONS LE8 was negatively and nonlinearly related to the risk of AAC among middle-aged and older populations. Meanwhile, LE8 components should prioritize higher scores for nicotine exposure, blood glucose, and blood pressure evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongao Cai
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan ProvinceZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Hongxuan Ma
- Department of Kidney TransportationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Ruihui Li
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xueli Guo
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
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Song JH, Liu MY, Ma YX, Wan QQ, Li J, Diao XO, Niu LN. Inflammation-associated ectopic mineralization. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:1025-1038. [PMID: 38933004 PMCID: PMC11197766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic mineralization refers to the deposition of mineralized complexes in the extracellular matrix of soft tissues. Calcific aortic valve disease, vascular calcification, gallstones, kidney stones, and abnormal mineralization in arthritis are common examples of ectopic mineralization. They are debilitating diseases and exhibit excess mortality, disability, and morbidity, which impose on patients with limited social or financial resources. Recent recognition that inflammation plays an important role in ectopic mineralization has attracted the attention of scientists from different research fields. In the present review, we summarize the origin of inflammation in ectopic mineralization and different channels whereby inflammation drives the initiation and progression of ectopic mineralization. The current knowledge of inflammatory milieu in pathological mineralization is reviewed, including how immune cells, pro-inflammatory mediators, and osteogenic signaling pathways induce the osteogenic transition of connective tissue cells, providing nucleating sites and assembly of aberrant minerals. Advances in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in inflammatory-mediated ectopic mineralization enable novel strategies to be developed that may lead to the resolution of these enervating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qian-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Feng X, Qiao J, Xu W. Impact of immune regulation and differentiation dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells on the disease process in ankylosing spondylitis and prospective analysis of stem cell transplantation therapy. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:1138-1147. [PMID: 37689998 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic bone and joint disease caused by inflammation, erosion, and pathological bone formation. The pathological features of chronic inflammation, bone destruction, and pathological ossification occur due to the disruption of the body's immune regulation and altered bone remodeling balance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multidirectional differentiation potential and immunomodulatory functions and play an important role in immune regulation and bone formation. The immune regulation and osteogenic capacity of MSCs in AS are altered by factors such as genetic background, internal environment, infection, and mechanical forces that drive disease development. This review further evaluates the role of MSCs dysfunction in inflammation and pathological bone formation by analyzing the effects of the above-mentioned factors on MSCs function and also looks forward to the prospects of MSCs in treating AS, providing some ideas for an in-depth study of inflammation and ectopic ossification. KEY MESSAGES
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Feng
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Qiao
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Joint Bone Disease Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Long J, Yao Z, Zhang W, Liu B, Chen K, Li L, Teng B, Du X, Li C, Yu X, Qin L, Lai Y. Regulation of Osteoimmune Microenvironment and Osteogenesis by 3D-Printed PLAG/black Phosphorus Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302539. [PMID: 37616380 PMCID: PMC10558667 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects remains a significant challenge to be solved clinically. Immunomodulatory properties of orthopedic biomaterials have significance in regulating osteoimmune microenvironment for osteogenesis. A lactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold incorporates black phosphorus (BP) fabricated by 3D printing technology to investigate the effect of BP on osteoimmunomodulation and osteogenesis in site. The PLGA/BP scaffold exhibits suitable biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties as an excellent microenvironment to support new bone formation. The studies' result also demonstrate that the PLGA/BP scaffolds are able to recruit and stimulate macrophages M2 polarization, inhibit inflammation, and promote human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) proliferation and differentiation, which in turn promotes bone regeneration in the distal femoral defect region of steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) rat model. Moreover, it is screened and demonstrated that PLGA/BP scaffolds can promote osteogenic differentiation by transcriptomic analysis, and PLGA/BP scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization by activating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in hBMSC cells. In this study, it is shown that the innovative PLGA/BP scaffolds are extremely effective in stimulating bone regeneration by regulating macrophage M2 polarization and a new strategy for the development of biomaterials that can be used to repair bone defects is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Ben Liu
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Kaiming Chen
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Long Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Bin Teng
- Center for Energy Metabolism and ReproductionShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Fu Du
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Cairong Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Feng Yu
- Materials and Interfaces CenterShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Ling Qin
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
- Musculoskeletal Research LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongHKHong Kong SAR999077P. R. China
- CAS‐HK Joint Lab of BiomaterialsShenzhen518055P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & DevelopmentShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055P. R. China
- CAS‐HK Joint Lab of BiomaterialsShenzhen518055P. R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Laboratory of Biomaterials Additive ManufacturingShenzhen518055P. R. China
- Orthopaedics/Department of Spine Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen518035P. R. China
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7
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Liu A, Luo P, Huang H. New insight of complement system in the process of vascular calcification. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1168-1178. [PMID: 37002701 PMCID: PMC10148053 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system defences against pathogenic microbes and modulates immune homeostasis by interacting with the innate and adaptive immune systems. Dysregulation, impairment or inadvertent activation of complement system contributes to the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Vascular calcification is the pivotal pathological basis of CVD, and contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of CVD. Increasing evidences indicate that the complement system plays a key role in chronic kidney diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and aging-related diseases, which are closely related with vascular calcification. However, the effect of complement system on vascular calcification is still unclear. In this review, we summarize current evidences about the activation of complement system in vascular calcification. We also describe the complex network of complement system and vascular smooth muscle cells osteogenic transdifferentiation, systemic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, extracellular matrix remodelling, oxidative stress, apoptosis in vascular calcification. Hence, providing a better understanding of the potential relationship between complement system and vascular calcification, so as to provide a direction for slowing the progression of this burgeoning health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau University of Science and Technology Macau China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases Sun Yat‐sen University Shenzhen China
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Tanboon J, Inoue M, Hirakawa S, Tachimori H, Hayashi S, Noguchi S, Okiyama N, Fujimoto M, Suzuki S, Nishino I. Muscle pathology of antisynthetase syndrome according to antibody subtypes. Brain Pathol 2023:e13155. [PMID: 36882048 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) could be challenging due to inaccessibility and technical difficulty of the serology test for the less common non-Jo-1 antibodies. This study aimed to describe ASS antibody-specific myopathology and evaluate the diagnostic utility of myofiber HLA-DR expression. We reviewed 212 ASS muscle biopsies and compared myopathologic features among subtypes. Additionally, we compared their HLA-DR staining pattern with 602 non-ASS myositis and 140 genetically confirmed myopathies known to have an inflammatory component. We used t-test and Fisher's exact for comparisons and used sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values to assess the utility of HLA-DR expression for ASS diagnosis. RNAseq performed from a subset of myositis cases and histologically normal muscle biopsies was used to evaluate interferon (IFN)-signaling pathway-related genes. Anti-OJ ASS showed prominent myopathology with higher scores in muscle fiber (4.6 ± 2.0 vs. 2.8 ± 1.8, p = 0.001) and inflammatory domains (6.8 ± 3.2 vs. 4.5 ± 2.9, p = 0.006) than non-OJ ASS. HLA-DR expression and IFN-γ-related genes upregulation were prominent in ASS and inclusion body myositis (IBM). When dermatomyositis and IBM were excluded, HLA-DR expression was 95.4% specific and 61.2% sensitive for ASS with a positive predictive value of 85.9% and a negative predictive value of 84.2%; perifascicular HLA-DR pattern is common in anti-Jo-1 ASS than non-Jo-1 ASS (63.1% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.0001). In the appropriate clinicopathological context, myofiber HLA-DR expression help support ASS diagnosis. The presence of HLA-DR expression suggests involvement of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of ASS, though the detailed mechanisms have yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantima Tanboon
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Inoue
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirakawa
- Department of Clinical Data Science, Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- Department of Clinical Data Science, Clinical Research & Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Genome Medicine Development, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genome Analysis, Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Bessueille L, Kawtharany L, Quillard T, Goettsch C, Briolay A, Taraconat N, Balayssac S, Gilard V, Mebarek S, Peyruchaud O, Duboeuf F, Bouillot C, Pinkerton A, Mechtouff L, Buchet R, Hamade E, Zibara K, Fonta C, Canet-Soulas E, Millan JL, Magne D. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase impairs dyslipidemia and protects mice from atherosclerosis. Transl Res 2023; 251:2-13. [PMID: 35724933 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcium accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques predicts cardiovascular mortality, but the mechanisms responsible for plaque calcification and how calcification impacts plaque stability remain debated. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target to block cardiovascular calcification. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of the recently developed TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 on atherosclerosis plaque calcification and progression. TNAP levels were investigated in ApoE-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet from 10 weeks of age and in plaques from the human ECLAGEN biocollection (101 calcified and 14 non-calcified carotid plaques). TNAP was inhibited in mice using SBI-425 administered from 10 to 25 weeks of age, and in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with MLS-0038949. Plaque calcification was imaged in vivo with 18F-NaF-PET/CT, ex vivo with osteosense, and in vitro with alizarin red. Bone architecture was determined with µCT. TNAP activation preceded and predicted calcification in human and mouse plaques, and TNAP inhibition prevented calcification in human VSMCs and in ApoE-deficient mice. More unexpectedly, TNAP inhibition reduced the blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and protected mice from atherosclerosis, without impacting the skeletal architecture. Metabolomics analysis of liver extracts identified phosphocholine as a substrate of liver TNAP, who's decreased dephosphorylation upon TNAP inhibition likely reduced the release of cholesterol and triglycerides into the blood. Systemic inhibition of TNAP protects from atherosclerosis, by ameliorating dyslipidemia, and preventing plaque calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bessueille
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Lynn Kawtharany
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Germany
| | - Anne Briolay
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Nirina Taraconat
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Stéphane Balayssac
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Véronique Gilard
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Mechtouff
- Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France; CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - René Buchet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Univ Lyon, LYON, France
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Caroline Fonta
- Brain and Cognition Research Center CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - David Magne
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5246, ICBMS, Univ Lyon, LYON, France.
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10
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Innate Immunity in Calcinosis Cutis. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcinosis cutis is the deposition of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue, manifesting as variably shaped papules, nodules, and plaques that can substantially impair quality of life. The pathophysiology of calcinosis cutis involves dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, leukocytes, and other components of the innate immune system. In some conditions associated with calcinosis cutis, elevated serum calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D may also perturb innate immunity. The mechanisms by which these lead to cutaneous and subcutaneous calcification likely parallel those seen in vascular calcification. The role of aberrant innate immunity is further supported by the association between various autoantibodies with calcinosis cutis, such as anti-MDA5, anti-NXP2, anti-centromere, and anti-topoisomerase I. Treatments for calcinosis cutis remain limited and largely experimental, although mechanistically many therapies appear to focus on dampening innate immune responses. Further research is needed to better understand the innate immune pathophysiology and establish treatment options based on randomized-controlled trials.
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11
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Vallée A. Arterial Stiffness Determinants for Primary Cardiovascular Prevention among Healthy Participants. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092512. [PMID: 35566636 PMCID: PMC9105622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arterial stiffness (AS), measured by arterial stiffness index (ASI), can be considered as a major denominator in cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Thus, it remains essential to highlight the risk factors influencing its increase among healthy participants. Methods: According to European consensus, AS is defined as ASI > 10 m/s. The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of the arterial stiffness (ASI > 10 m/s) among UK Biobank normotensive and healthy participants without comorbidities and previous CV diseases. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 22,452 healthy participants. Results: Participants were divided into two groups, i.e., ASI > 10 m/s (n = 5782, 25.8%) and ASI < 10 m/s (n = 16,670, 74.2%). All the significant univariate covariables were included in the multivariate analysis. The remaining independent factors associated with AS were age (OR = 1.063, threshold = 53.0 years, p < 0.001), BMI (OR = 1.0450, threshold = 24.9 kg/m2, p < 0.001), cystatin c (OR = 1.384, threshold = 0.85 mg/L, p = 0.011), phosphate (OR = 2.225, threshold = 1.21 mmol/L, p < 0.001), triglycerides (OR = 1.281, threshold = 1.09 mmol/L, p < 0.001), mean BP (OR = 1.028, threshold = 91.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), HR (OR = 1.007, threshold = 55 bpm, p < 0.001), Alkaline phosphate (OR = 1.002, threshold = 67.9 U/L, p = 0.004), albumin (OR = 0.973, threshold = 46.0 g/L, p < 0.001), gender (male, OR = 1.657, p < 0.001) and tobacco use (current, OR = 1.871, p < 0.001). Conclusion: AS is associated with multiple parameters which should be investigated in future prospective studies. Determining the markers of increased ASI among healthy participants participates in the management of future CV risk for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology-Data-Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
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12
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sebastián-Serrano Á, Merchán-Rubira J, Di-Lauro C, Bianchi C, Soria-Tobar L, Narisawa S, Millán JL, Ávila J, Hernández F, Díaz-Hernández M. TNAP upregulation is a critical factor in Tauopathies and its blockade ameliorates neurotoxicity and increases life-expectancy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 165:105632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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14
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Shen J, Zhao M, Zhang C, Sun X. IL-1β in atherosclerotic vascular calcification: From bench to bedside. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4353-4364. [PMID: 34803503 PMCID: PMC8579452 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular calcification contributes to increased risk of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Assessing the type and severity of inflammation is crucial in the treatment of numerous cardiovascular conditions. IL-1β, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, plays diverse roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular calcification. Several large-scale, population cohort trials have shown that the incidence of cardiovascular events is clinically reduced by the administration of anti-IL-1β therapy. Anti-IL-1β therapy might reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events by affecting atherosclerotic vascular calcification, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of IL-1β in atherosclerotic vascular calcification, and describe the latest results reported in clinical trials evaluating anti-IL-1β therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review will aid in improving current understanding of the pathophysiological roles of IL-1β and mechanisms underlying its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Shen
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National high-level talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National high-level talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
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15
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Tintut Y, Honda HM, Demer LL. Biomolecules Orchestrating Cardiovascular Calcification. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101482. [PMID: 34680115 PMCID: PMC8533507 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, once considered a degenerative, end-stage, and inevitable condition, is now recognized as a complex process regulated in a manner similar to skeletal bone at the molecular and cellular levels. Since the initial discovery of bone morphogenetic protein in calcified human atherosclerotic lesions, decades of research have now led to the recognition that the regulatory mechanisms and the biomolecules that control cardiovascular calcification overlap with those controlling skeletal mineralization. In this review, we focus on key biomolecules driving the ectopic calcification in the circulation and their regulation by metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory stimuli. Although calcium deposits in the vessel wall introduce rupture stress at their edges facing applied tensile stress, they simultaneously reduce rupture stress at the orthogonal edges, leaving the net risk of plaque rupture and consequent cardiac events depending on local material strength. A clinically important consequence of the shared mechanisms between the vascular and bone tissues is that therapeutic agents designed to inhibit vascular calcification may adversely affect skeletal mineralization and vice versa. Thus, it is essential to consider both systems when developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tintut
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Henry M. Honda
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Linda L. Demer
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (Y.T.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Physiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-206-2677
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16
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Guo W, Li X, Wu J, Zhu W, Lu J, Qin P, Diao Q, Xu N, Zhang Q. Serum alkaline phosphatase is associated with arterial stiffness and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in a Chinese population. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13560. [PMID: 33846986 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been recognized as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, recently. This study aimed to explore the association of ALP with arterial stiffness and 10-year CVD risk. METHODS A total of 12 539 participants without CVD who underwent health examinations including serum ALP level were retrospectively analysed. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and 10-year CVD risk was evaluated by Framingham risk score. RESULTS All participants were stratified into four groups according to the quartile of serum ALP. Participants with high ALP quartiles had higher cardiovascular parameters and baPWV, as well as an increase 10-year CVD risk. There was a dose-response relationship between serum ALP level and baPWV (OR = 1.134, 95% CI 1.103-1.165, P < .001). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum ALP was positively associated with elevated baPWV and 10-year CVD risk after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors in both women and men. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point of serum ALP for elevated baPWV was 84U/L and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was 0.740 (95% CI 0.726-0.754, P < .001), with 71.2% and 63.4% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, in women. The AUROC of serum ALP in women was larger than that in men [0.575 (95% CI 0.559-0.590), P < .001]. CONCLUSIONS Serum ALP is independently associated with arterial stiffness and 10-year CVD risk. Our results imply that serum ALP may be a promising marker to identify an increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis in women needing further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfang Zhu
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Diao
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nainzhen Xu
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Health Promotion Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Inflammation: a putative link between phosphate metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:201-227. [PMID: 33416083 PMCID: PMC7796315 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary habits in the western world lead to increasing phosphate intake. Under physiological conditions, extraosseous precipitation of phosphate with calcium is prevented by a mineral buffering system composed of calcification inhibitors and tight control of serum phosphate levels. The coordinated hormonal regulation of serum phosphate involves fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), αKlotho, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol. A severe derangement of phosphate homeostasis is observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a patient collective with extremely high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Higher phosphate levels in serum have been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in CKD patients, but also in the general population. The causal connections between phosphate and CVD are currently incompletely understood. An assumed link between phosphate and cardiovascular risk is the development of medial vascular calcification, a process actively promoted and regulated by a complex mechanistic interplay involving activation of pro-inflammatory signalling. Emerging evidence indicates a link between disturbances in phosphate homeostasis and inflammation. The present review focuses on critical interactions of phosphate homeostasis, inflammation, vascular calcification and CVD. Especially, pro-inflammatory responses mediating hyperphosphatemia-related development of vascular calcification as well as FGF23 as a critical factor in the interplay between inflammation and cardiovascular alterations, beyond its phosphaturic effects, are addressed.
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18
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Amer AE, Shehatou GSG, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, El-Sheakh AR. Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D 3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:1047-1059. [PMID: 34309798 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of flavocoxid (FCX) on vascular calcification (VC) in rats. METHODS Vitamin D3 and nicotine were administered to Wistar rats, which then received FCX (VC-FCX group) or its vehicle (VC group) for 4 weeks. Control and FCX groups served as controls. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, heart rate (HR), and left ventricular weight (LVW)/BW were measured. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Moreover, aortic calcium content and aortic expression of runt-related transcription factor (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), Il-1β, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed. Oxidative status in aortic homogenates was investigated. RESULTS Compared to untreated VC rats, FCX treatment prevented body weight loss, reduced aortic calcium deposition, restored normal values of SBP, DBP, and HR, and attenuated LV hypertrophy. FCX also improved renal function and ameliorated serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, and ALP in rats with VC. FCX abolished aortic lipid peroxidation in VC rats. Moreover, VC-FCX rats showed marked reductions in aortic levels of Il-1β and osteogenic marker (Runx2) and attenuated aortic expression of TNF-α, iNOS, and MMP-9 proteins compared to untreated VC rats. The expression of the smooth muscle lineage marker α-SMA was greatly enhanced in aortas from VC rats upon FCX treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate FCX ability to attenuate VDN-induced aortic calcinosis in rats, suggesting its potential for preventing arteiocalcinosis in diabetic patients and those with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
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19
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Canet-Soulas E, Bessueille L, Mechtouff L, Magne D. The Elusive Origin of Atherosclerotic Plaque Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622736. [PMID: 33768090 PMCID: PMC7985066 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known for decades or even centuries that arteries calcify as they age. Vascular calcification probably affects all adults, since virtually all have atherosclerotic plaques: an accumulation of lipids, inflammatory cells, necrotic debris, and calcium phosphate crystals. A high vascular calcium score is associated with a high cardiovascular mortality risk, and relatively recent data suggest that even microcalcifications that form in early plaques may destabilize plaques and trigger a cardiovascular event. If the cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque calcification have been relatively well characterized in mice, human plaques appear to calcify through different mechanisms that remain obscure. In this context, we will first review articles reporting the location and features of early calcifications in human plaques and then review the articles that explored the mechanisms though which human and mouse plaques calcify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Bessueille
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Mechtouff
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Stroke Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- ICBMS, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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20
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Alesutan I, Luong TTD, Schelski N, Masyout J, Hille S, Schneider MP, Graham D, Zickler D, Verheyen N, Estepa M, Pasch A, Maerz W, Tomaschitz A, Pilz S, Frey N, Lang F, Delles C, Müller OJ, Pieske B, Eckardt KU, Scherberich J, Voelkl J. Circulating uromodulin inhibits vascular calcification by interfering with pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:930-941. [PMID: 32243494 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Uromodulin is produced exclusively in the kidney and secreted into both urine and blood. Serum levels of uromodulin are correlated with kidney function and reduced in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but physiological functions of serum uromodulin are still elusive. This study investigated the role of uromodulin in medial vascular calcification, a key factor associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in CKD patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in primary human (HAoSMCs) and mouse (MOVAS) aortic smooth muscle cells, cholecalciferol overload and subtotal nephrectomy mouse models and serum from CKD patients. In three independent cohorts of CKD patients, serum uromodulin concentrations were inversely correlated with serum calcification propensity. Uromodulin supplementation reduced phosphate-induced osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification of HAoSMCs. In human serum, pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) co-immunoprecipitated with uromodulin. Uromodulin inhibited TNFα and IL-1β-induced osteo-/chondrogenic signalling and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated β cells (NF-kB) as well as phosphate-induced NF-kB-dependent transcriptional activity in HAoSMCs. In vivo, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of uromodulin ameliorated vascular calcification in mice with cholecalciferol overload. Conversely, cholecalciferol overload-induced vascular calcification was aggravated in uromodulin-deficient mice. In contrast, uromodulin overexpression failed to reduce vascular calcification during renal failure in mice. Carbamylated uromodulin was detected in serum of CKD patients and uromodulin carbamylation inhibited its anti-calcific properties in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Uromodulin counteracts vascular osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation and calcification, at least in part, through interference with cytokine-dependent pro-calcific signalling. In CKD, reduction and carbamylation of uromodulin may contribute to vascular pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrogenesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Osteogenesis
- Phenotype
- Protein Carbamylation
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Uromodulin/blood
- Uromodulin/genetics
- Uromodulin/pharmacology
- Vascular Calcification/blood
- Vascular Calcification/immunology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Young Adult
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Trang T D Luong
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadeshda Schelski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaber Masyout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) Study
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Misael Estepa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Calciscon AG, Aarbergstrasse 5, 2560 Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
- Nierenpraxis Bern, Bubenbergplatz 5, 3011 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology, Lindenhofspital, Bremgartenstrasse 117, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Winfried Maerz
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf Krehl Street 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, P5,7, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) Study
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juergen Scherberich
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Klinikum München-Harlaching, Teaching Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Sanatoriumsplatz 2, 81545 München, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Xiao X, Liu YZ, Cheng ZB, Sun JX, Shao YD, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. Adipokines in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:15-26. [PMID: 33476587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), a critical endocrine gland, is capable of producing and secreting abundant adipokines. Adipokines act on distant or adjacent organ tissues via paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine mechanism, which play attractive roles in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that adipokines can connect obesity with cardiovascular diseases by serving as promoters or inhibitors in vascular calcification. The chronic hypoxia in AT, caused by the adipocyte hypertrophy, is able to trigger imbalanced adipokine generation, which leads to apoptosis, osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular inflammation, and abnormal deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the vessel wall. The objectives of this review aim at providing a brief summary of the crucial influence of major adipokines on the formation and development of vascular calcification, which may contribute to better understanding these adipokines for establishing the appropriate therapeutic strategies to counteract obesity-associated vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Duo Shao
- Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Tanboon J, Inoue M, Hirakawa S, Tachimori H, Hayashi S, Noguchi S, Suzuki S, Okiyama N, Fujimoto M, Nishino I. Pathologic Features of Anti-Mi-2 Dermatomyositis. Neurology 2021; 96:e448-e459. [PMID: 33277422 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the characteristic pathologic features of dermatomyositis (DM) associated with anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies (anti-Mi-2 DM). METHODS We reviewed 188 muscle biopsies from patients (1) pathologically diagnosed with DM through the sarcoplasmic expression for the myxovirus-resistant protein A and (2) serologically positive for 1 of 5 DM-specific autoantibodies (DMSAs) (anti-Mi-2, n = 30; other DMSAs, n = 152) or negative for all 5 DMSAs (n = 6). We then compared the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of patients with anti-Mi-2 DM to those with non-Mi-2 DM and patients with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) (n = 212) using the t test, Fisher exact test, and a logistic regression model. RESULTS Patients with anti-Mi-2 DM showed significantly higher severity scores in muscle fiber and inflammatory domains than non-Mi-2 DM patients. The presence of perifascicular necrosis, increased perimysial alkaline phosphatase activity, and sarcolemmal membrane attack complex deposition was more frequent in patients with anti-Mi-2 DM (p < 0.01). After Bonferroni correction, there were no significant differences in the percentages of the features mentioned above between the patients with anti-Mi-2 DM and those with ASS (p > 0.01). CONCLUSION Perifascicular necrosis and perimysial pathology, features previously reported in ASS, are common in patients with anti-Mi-2 DM. Our findings not only assist in differentiating anti-Mi-2 DM from other DM subtypes but also suggest the possibility of an overlapping mechanism between anti-Mi-2 DM and ASS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that the muscle biopsies of DM patients with anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies are more likely to demonstrate higher severity scores in muscle fiber and inflammatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantima Tanboon
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Michio Inoue
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Shinya Hirakawa
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hisateru Tachimori
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Hayashi
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Satoru Noguchi
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Suzuki
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- From Department of Neuromuscular Research (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.), National Institute of Neuroscience, Departments of Genome Medicine Development (J.T., M.I., S. Hayashi, S.N., I.N.) and Clinical Genome Analysis (I.N.), Medical Genome Center, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology (S. Hirakawa, H.T.), Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry; Department of Neurology (S.S.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Dermatology (N.O., M.F.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki; and Department of Dermatology (M.F.), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan.
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23
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Amer AE, El-Sheakh AR, Hamed MF, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, Shehatou GSG. Febuxostat attenuates vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 156:105580. [PMID: 33010420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible ameliorative influences of febuxostat (FEB) on vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN)-induced vascular calcification (VC) in Wistar rats. VDN rats received a single dose of vitamin D3 (300.000 IU/kg, I.M) and two oral doses of nicotine (25 mg/kg) on day 1. They were then administrated FEB, in two doses (10 and 15 mg/kg/day, orally), or the drug vehicle, for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as control. At the end of the experiment, body weight, kidney function parameters, serum ionic composition, cardiovascular measures, aortic calcium deposition and aortic levels of oxidative stress markers, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN) were determined. Aortic immunoexpressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were evaluated. FEB significantly restored body weight loss, ameliorated kidney function and diminished serum disturbances of calcium and phosphorus in VDN rats. Moreover, FEB reduced VDN-induced elevations in aortic calcium deposition, SBP and DBP. FEB (15 mg/kg) markedly decreased left ventricular hypertrophy and bradycardia in VDN group. Mechanistically, FEB dose-dependently improved oxidative damage, decreased levels of IL-1β and Runx2, lessened expression of TNF-α, iNOS and MMP-9 and enhanced expression of OPN and α-SMA in VDN aortas relative to controls. These findings indicate that FEB, mainly at the higher administered dose (15 mg/kg), successfully attenuated VDN-induced VC. FEB may be useful in reducing VC in patients at high risk, including those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
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24
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Li C, Zhang S, Chen X, Ji J, Yang W, Gui T, Gai Z, Li Y. Farnesoid X receptor activation inhibits TGFBR1/TAK1-mediated vascular inflammation and calcification via miR-135a-5p. Commun Biol 2020; 3:327. [PMID: 32581266 PMCID: PMC7314757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular calcification. However, only a few studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation under high-phosphate conditions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here, we show that inflammation resulting from the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway is involved in calcification in CKD rats or osteogenic medium-cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, miR-135a-5p is demonstrated to be a key regulator of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, which has been reported to be decreased in CKD rats. We further reveal that farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation increases miR-135a-5p expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGFBR1/TAK1 pathway, ultimately resulting in the attenuation of vascular inflammation and calcification in CKD rats. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mechanisms underlying the development of inflammation in vascular calcification, and evidence that FXR activation could serve as a therapeutic strategy for retarding vascular calcification in CKD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Osteogenesis
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Vasculitis/genetics
- Vasculitis/metabolism
- Vasculitis/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
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25
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Akintunde JK, Akintola TE, Aliu FH, Fajoye MO, Adimchi SO. Naringin regulates erectile dysfunction by abolition of apoptosis and inflammation through NOS/cGMP/PKG signalling pathway on exposure to Bisphenol-A in hypertensive rat model. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:123-136. [PMID: 32428650 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of naringin (NRG) on extracellular metabolism of ATP through the NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) on exposure to Bisphenol-A (BPA) in penis. Fifty-six adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into eight (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 40 mg/kg L-NAME, Group III was treated with 50 mg/kg BPA, Group IV was treated with 40 mg/kg L-NAME +50 mg/kg BPA. Group V was administered with 40 mg/kg L-NAME +80 mg/kg NRG. Group VI was administered with 50 mg/kg BPA + 80 mg/kg NRG. Group VII was administered with 40 mg/kg L-NAME+50 mg/kg BPA + 80 mg/kg NRG. Lastly, group VIII was treated with 80 mg/kg NRG for 14 days. NRG prevented hypertension and erectile dysfunction by inhibiting the activities of angiotensin-converting enzymes, arginase, and phosphodiesterase-51 (PDE-51) with corresponding down-regulation of inflammatory markers including TNF-α and IL-B. Additionally, hypertensive erectile dysfunction was remarkably prevented by NRG as manifested by the declined activities of AChE, MAO-A and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, ADPase, AMPase and ADA) with resultant increase in NO level. Also, penile expression of antigen presenting cells, CD43 transcript, caspace-9 and tumor suppressor P53 proteins were repressed on treatment with NRG. This study validates the hypothesis that NRG may be a valuable remedy in abrogating penile inflammatory markers, apoptosis and enzymes of ATP-hydrolysis via NOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathways in hypertensive rat model on exposure to environmental toxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Akintunde
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - T E Akintola
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - F H Aliu
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - M O Fajoye
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S O Adimchi
- Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Toxicology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Pathophysiological and Genetic Aspects of Vascular Calcification. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5169069. [PMID: 32411445 PMCID: PMC7201852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5169069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an independent cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) of morbidity and mortality. New studies point out the existence of a complex physiopathological mechanism that involves inflammation, oxidation, the release of chemical mediators, and genetic factors that promote the osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This review will evaluate the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and genetics modulation of the process of vascular calcification. Objective. A systematic review of the pathophysiology factors involved in vascular calcification and its genetic influence was performed. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in the Medline and PubMed databases and were searched for studies concerning vascular calcification using the keywords and studies published until 2020/01 in English. Inclusion Criteria. Studies in vitro, animal models, and humans. These include cohort (both retrospective and prospective cohort studies), case-control, cross-sectional, and systematic reviews. Exclusion Criteria. Studies before 2003 of the existing literature.
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Zhang X, Li Y, Yang P, Liu X, Lu L, Chen Y, Zhong X, Li Z, Liu H, Ou C, Yan J, Chen M. Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Vascular Calcification Through Activation of NLRP3 (Nucleotide-Binding Domain, Leucine-Rich-Containing Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing-3) Inflammasome and NF-κB (Nuclear Factor κB) Signals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:751-765. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease. Increased plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-dependent product, concentrations are found in patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, a clear mechanistic link between TMAO and vascular calcification is not yet established. In this study, we investigate whether TMAO participates in the progression of vascular calcification using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models.
Approach and Results:
Alizarin red staining revealed that TMAO promoted calcium/phosphate-induced calcification of rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this was confirmed by calcium content assay. Similarly, TMAO upregulated the expression of bone-related molecules including Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2) and BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2), suggesting that TMAO promoted osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, ex vivo study also showed the positive regulatory effect of TMAO on vascular calcification. Furthermore, we found that TMAO accelerated vascular calcification in rats with chronic kidney disease, as indicated by Mico-computed tomography analysis, alizarin red staining and calcium content assay. By contrast, reducing TMAO levels by antibiotics attenuated vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease rats. Interestingly, TMAO activated NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome and NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signals during vascular calcification. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signals attenuated TMAO-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.
Conclusions:
This study for the first time demonstrates that TMAO promotes vascular calcification through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signals, suggesting the potential link between gut microbial metabolism and vascular calcification. Reducing the levels of TMAO could become a potential treatment strategy for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Yining Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Pingzhen Yang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Lihe Lu
- Department of Pathophysiolgy, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, China (L.L., Y.C.)
| | - Yanting Chen
- Department of Pathophysiolgy, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, China (L.L., Y.C.)
| | - Xinglong Zhong
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Zehua Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Hailin Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Caiwen Ou
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Jianyun Yan
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
| | - Minsheng Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China (X.Z., Y.L., P.Y., X.L., X.Z., Z.L., H.L., C.O., J.Y., M.C.)
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Millar SA, John SG, McIntyre CW, Ralevic V, Anderson SI, O'Sullivan SE. An Investigation Into the Role of Osteocalcin in Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 32587575 PMCID: PMC7298126 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) is a bone-derived protein that is detected within human calcified vascular tissue. Calcification is particularly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but the role of OCN in calcification, whether active or passive, has not been elucidated. Part 1: The relationship between OCN, CKD and vascular calcification was assessed in CKD patients (n = 28) and age-matched controls (n = 19). Part 2: in vitro, we analyzed whether addition of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN) influenced the rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. Human aortic VSMCs were cultured in control media or mineralisation inducing media (MM) containing increased phosphate with or without ucOCN (10 or 30 ng/mL) for up to 21 days. Markers of osteogenic differentiation and calcification were determined [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total intracellular OCN, Runx2 expression, α-SMA expression, alizarin red calcium staining, and calcium quantification]. Part 1 results: In our human population, calcification was present (mean age 76 years), but no differences were detected between CKD patients and controls. Plasma total OCN was increased in CKD patients compared to controls (14 vs. 9 ng/mL; p < 0.05) and correlated to estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.05), however no relationship was detected between total OCN and calcification. Part 2 results: in vitro, ALP activity, α-SMA expression and calcium concentrations were significantly increased in MM treated VSMCs at day 21, but no effect of ucOCN was observed. Cells treated with control media+ucOCN for 21 days did not show increases in ALP activity nor calcification. In summary, although plasma total OCN was increased in CKD patients, this study did not find a relationship between OCN and calcification in CKD and non-CKD patients, and found no in vitro evidence of an active role of ucOCN in vascular calcification as assessed over 21 days. ucOCN appears not to be a mediator of vascular calcification, but further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Millar
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sophie A. Millar
| | - Stephen G. John
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher W. McIntyre
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vera Ralevic
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan I. Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Saoirse E. O'Sullivan
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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El Jamal A, Briolay A, Mebarek S, Le Goff B, Blanchard F, Magne D, Brizuela L, Bougault C. Cytokine-Induced and Stretch-Induced Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Production by Enthesis Cells Could Favor Abnormal Ossification in Spondyloarthritis. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2264-2276. [PMID: 31373726 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a common rheumatic disease characterized by enthesis inflammation (enthesitis) and ectopic ossification (enthesophytes). The current pathogenesis model suggests that inflammation and mechanical stress are both strongly involved in SpA pathophysiology. We have previously observed that the levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bone anabolic molecule, were particularly high in SpA patients' serum compared to healthy donors. Therefore, we wondered how this deregulation was related to SpA molecular mechanisms. Mouse primary osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and tenocytes were used as cell culture models. The sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) gene expression and S1P secretion were significantly enhanced by cyclic stretch in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Further, TNF-α and IL-17, cytokines implicated in enthesitis, increased Sphk1 mRNA in chondrocytes in an additive manner when combined to stretch. The immunochemistry on mouse ankles showed that sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) was localized in some chondrocytes; the addition of a pro-inflammatory cocktail augmented Sphk1 expression in cultured ankles. Subsequently, fingolimod was used to block S1P metabolism in cell cultures. It inhibited S1P receptors (S1PRs) signaling and SK1 and SK2 activity in both osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Fingolimod also reduced S1PR-induced activation by SpA patients' synovial fluid (SF), demonstrating that the stimulation of chondrocytes by SFs from SpA patients involves S1P. In addition, when the osteogenic culture medium was supplemented with fingolimod, alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and bone formation markers were significantly reduced in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Osteogenic differentiation was accompanied by an increase in S1prs mRNA, especially S1P1/3 , but their contribution to S1P-impact on mineralization seemed limited. Our results suggest that S1P might be overproduced in SpA enthesis in response to cytokines and mechanical stress, most likely by chondrocytes. Moreover, S1P could locally favor the abnormal ossification of the enthesis; therefore, blocking the S1P metabolic pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of SpA. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddine El Jamal
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CNRS, UMR5246, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Briolay
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CNRS, UMR5246, Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CNRS, UMR5246, Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Le Goff
- INSERM UMR1238, Nantes University, Nantes, France.,Rheumatology Department, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | | | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CNRS, UMR5246, Lyon, France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CNRS, UMR5246, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), CNRS, UMR5246, Lyon, France
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30
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Sclerostin as Regulatory Molecule in Vascular Media Calcification and the Bone-Vascular Axis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11070428. [PMID: 31330917 PMCID: PMC6669501 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11070428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin is a well-known inhibitor of bone formation that acts on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This manuscript considers the possible role of sclerostin in vascular calcification, a process that shares many similarities with physiological bone formation. Rats were exposed to a warfarin-containing diet to induce vascular calcification. Vascular smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation, vascular calcification grade, and bone histomorphometry were examined. The presence and/or production of sclerostin was investigated in serum, aorta, and bone. Calcified human aortas were investigated to substantiate clinical relevance. Warfarin-exposed rats developed vascular calcifications in a time-dependent manner which went along with a progressive increase in serum sclerostin levels. Both osteogenic and adipogenic pathways were upregulated in calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as sclerostin mRNA and protein levels. Evidence for the local vascular action of sclerostin was found both in human and rat calcified aortas. Warfarin exposure led to a mildly decreased bone and mineralized areas. Osseous sclerostin production and bone turnover did not change significantly. This study showed local production of sclerostin in calcified vessels, which may indicate a negative feedback mechanism to prevent further calcification. Furthermore, increased levels of serum sclerostin, probably originating from excessive local production in calcified vessels, may contribute to the linkage between vascular pathology and impaired bone mineralization.
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31
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Lee JH, Lee JW, Lee YJ. The Relationship between Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Arterial Stiffness in Korean Adults. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:1084-1091. [PMID: 31092766 PMCID: PMC6927803 DOI: 10.5551/jat.48942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a useful marker of hepatobiliary or bone disorders, has recently been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine the association of serum ALP level with arterial stiffness, as measured by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2476 participants (1486 men and 990 women) aged ≥ 20 years who underwent a medical examination. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine the bivariate correlations between baPWV and clinical variables. To examine the independent relationship between serum ALP and baPWV, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with baPWV as the dependent variable in a sex-specific manner. Results: After adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, log-transformed AST, log-transformed ALT, and log-transformed GGT levels, log-transformed serum ALP level was positively and independently associated with baPWV (β = 78.6 for men, P = 0.001; and β = 85.3 for women, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum ALP level was positively and independently associated with baPWV in men and women, suggesting that an elevated ALP level may be a useful surrogate marker for arterial stiffness in adult men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine
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32
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Zhang T, Yao Y. Effects of inflammatory cytokines on bone/cartilage repair. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6841-6850. [PMID: 30335899 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many inflammatory factors can affect cell behaviors and work as a form of inter-regulatory networks through the inflammatory pathway. Inflammatory cytokines are critical for triggering bone regeneration after fracture or bone injury. Also, inflammatory cytokines play an important role in cartilage repair. The synergistic or antagonistic effects of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines have a great influence on fracture healing. This review discusses key inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways involved in bone or cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology And Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology And Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Roszkowska M, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bessueille L, Buchet R, Magne D, Pikula S. Collagen promotes matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization by vascular smooth muscle cells. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tse CS, Loftus EV, Raffals LE, Gossard AA, Lightner AL. Effects of vedolizumab, adalimumab and infliximab on biliary inflammation in individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:190-195. [PMID: 29808485 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic biliary disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with no known cure. AIM To evaluate the effect of biological therapies on PSC progression in IBD patients. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 88 cases (75 unique patients with 12 patients treated >1 biologics) of IBD (48 ulcerative colitis, 24 Crohn's disease and 3 indeterminate colitis) with concomitant PSC who received biological therapy (42 infliximab, 19 adalimumab, 27 vedolizumab) between June 2002 and October 2017. Hepatic biochemistries were compared using the paired t-test (patients served as their own controls) ≤3 months before and 6-8 and 12-14 months after biological initiation. Radiographic information of biliary stenosis and liver fibrosis were obtained via abdominal ultrasound, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography. RESULTS Use of adalimumab was associated with a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after 6-8 months (P = 0.03; mean change -70 U/L, standard deviation [SD] 88 U/L) compared to vedolizumab (mean change +50 U/L, SD 142 U/L) or infliximab (mean change +37 U/L, SD 183 U/L) but the change was not significant after 12-14 months (P = 0.24). No significant decreases were observed with AST, ALT, total or direct bilirubin, elastography score or radiographic imaging of biliary tree dilation/strictures with any biological therapy after 6-8 or 12-14 months. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that biological therapies used for the treatment of IBD are not effective treatments for PSC. Further study is needed to elucidate any potential beneficial effect of adalimumab on PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Tse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E V Loftus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - L E Raffals
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A A Gossard
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A L Lightner
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Willy K, Girndt M, Voelkl J, Fiedler R, Martus P, Storr M, Schindler R, Zickler D. Expanded Haemodialysis Therapy of Chronic Haemodialysis Patients Prevents Calcification and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in vitro. Blood Purif 2017; 45:131-138. [PMID: 29402827 DOI: 10.1159/000484925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is a common phenomenon in patients with chronic kidney disease and strongly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Vascular calcification is an active process mediated in part by inflammatory processes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). These could be modified by the insufficient removal of proinflammatory cytokines through conventional high-flux (HF) membranes. Recent trials demonstrated a reduction of inflammation in VSMC by use of dialysis membranes with a higher and steeper cut-off. These membranes caused significant albumin loss. Therefore, the effect of high retention Onset (HRO) dialysis membranes on vascular calcification and its implications in vitro was evaluated. METHODS In the PERCI II trial, 48 chronic dialysis patients were dialyzed using HF and HRO dialyzers and serum samples were collected. Calcifying VSMC were incubated with the serum samples. Calcification was determined using alizarin red staining (AZR) and determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Furthermore, apoptosis was evaluated, and release of matrix Gla protein (MGP), osteopontin (OPN) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) were measured in cell supernatants. RESULTS Vascular calcification in vitro was significantly reduced by 24% (ALP) and 36% (AZR) after 4 weeks of HRO dialysis and by 33% (ALP) and 48% (AZR) after 12 weeks of dialysis using HRO membranes compared to HF dialysis. Apoptosis was significantly lower in the HRO group. The concentrations of MGP and OPN were significantly elevated after incubation with HF serum compared to HRO serum and healthy controls. Similarly, GDF-15 release in the supernatant was elevated after incubation with HF serum, an effect significantly ameliorated after treatment with HRO medium. CONCLUSIONS Expanded haemodialysis therapy reduces the pro-calcific potential of serum from dialysis patients in vitro. With a markedly reduced albumin filtration compared to high cut-off dialysis, use of the HRO dialyzers may possibly provide a treatment option for chronic dialysis patients to reduce the progression of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Willy
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité Campus Virchow, Charité Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Storr
- Department of Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Fakhry M, Skafi N, Fayyad-Kazan M, Kobeissy F, Hamade E, Mebarek S, Habib A, Borghol N, Zeidan A, Magne D, Fayyad-Kazan H, Badran B. Characterization and assessment of potential microRNAs involved in phosphate-induced aortic calcification. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4056-4067. [PMID: 28776684 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Medial artery calcification, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (CKD), is known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Hyperphosphatemia associated with CKD is a strong stimulator of vascular calcification but the molecular mechanisms regulating this process remain not fully understood. We showed that calcification was induced after exposing Sprague-Dawley rat aortic explants to high inorganic phosphate level (Pi , 6 mM) as examined by Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining. This calcification was associated with high Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) activity, vascular smooth muscle cells de-differentiation, manifested by downregulation of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) protein expression which was assessed by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, and trans-differentiation into osteo-chondrocyte-like cells revealed by upregulation of Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), TNAP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA levels which were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. To unravel the possible mechanism(s) involved in this process, microRNA (miR) expression profile, which was assessed using TLDA technique and thereafter confirmed by individual qRT-PCR, revealed differential expression 10 miRs, five at day 3 and 5 at day 6 post Pi treatment versus control untreated aortas. At day 3, miR-200c, -155, 322 were upregulated and miR-708 and 331 were downregulated. After 6 days of treatment, miR-328, -546, -301a were upregulated while miR-409 and miR-542 were downregulated. Our results indicate that high Pi levels trigger aortic calcification and modulation of certain miRs. These observations suggest that mechanisms regulating aortic calcification might involve miRs, which warrant further investigations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fakhry
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.,Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Najwa Skafi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon.,Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, and the Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nada Borghol
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Cardiovascular Physiology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Magne
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
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Córdova LA, Loi F, Lin TH, Gibon E, Pajarinen J, Nabeshima A, Lu L, Yao Z, Goodman SB. CCL2, CCL5, and IGF-1 participate in the immunomodulation of osteogenesis during M1/M2 transition in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3069-3076. [PMID: 28782174 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory (M1) to tissue healing (M2) via exogenous addition of interleukin-4 (IL-4) facilitates osteogenesis; however, the molecular mediators underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. This study characterizes the IL-4-dependent paracrine crosstalk between macrophages and osteoprogenitors and its effect on osteogenesis in vitro. Primary murine M1 were co-cultured with MC3T3 cells (M1-MC3T3) in both transwell plates and direct co-cultures. To modulate M1 to M2, M1-MC3T3 were treated with IL-4 (20 ng/mL) at day 3 after seeding (M1 + IL-4-MC3T3). Selected molecular targets were assessed at days 3 and 6 after seeding at protein and mRNA levels. Mineralization was assessed at day 21. Transwell M1 + IL-4-MC3T3 significantly enhanced the secretion of CCL2/MCP-1, IGF-1 and to a lesser degree, CCL5/RANTES at day 6. At day 3, alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) was upregulated in direct M1-MC3T3. At day 6, Smurf2 and Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in direct M1 + IL-4-MC3T3. Finally, M1 + IL-4-MC3T3 increased bone matrix mineralization compared with MC3T3 cells in transwell, but this was significantly less than M1-MC3T3. Taken together, macrophage subtypes enhanced the osteogenesis in transwell setting and the transition from M1 to M2 was associated with an increase in bone anabolic factors CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES and IGF-1 in vitro. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3069-3076, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Córdova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago, 8380000, Chile
| | - Florence Loi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Tzu-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305.,Biomechanics and Bone & Joint Biomaterials Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Paris7 University, Paris, France
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Laura Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305
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38
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Peiró C, Lorenzo Ó, Carraro R, Sánchez-Ferrer CF. IL-1β Inhibition in Cardiovascular Complications Associated to Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:363. [PMID: 28659798 PMCID: PMC5468794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that affects nowadays millions of people worldwide. In adults, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for the majority of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The course of the T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of β-cell mass. DM is associated with a number of related complications, among which cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from the disease. DM is acknowledged as a low-grade chronic inflammatory state characterized by the over-secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, which reinforce inflammatory signals thus contributing to the development of complications. In this context, the pharmacological approaches to treat diabetes should not only correct hyperglycaemia, but also attenuate inflammation and prevent the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Over the last years, novel biological drugs have been developed to antagonize the pathophysiological actions of IL-1β. The drugs currently used in clinical practice are anakinra, a recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, the soluble decoy receptor rilonacept and the monoclonal antibodies canakinumab and gevokizumab. This review will summarize the main experimental and clinical findings obtained with pharmacological IL-1β inhibitors in the context of the cardiovascular complications of DM, and discuss the perspectives of IL-1β inhibitors as novel therapeutic tools for treating these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Carraro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, Hospital de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de La PrincesaMadrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)Madrid, Spain
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39
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Zeng LR, Zhu FB, Wang JY, Hou Q, Yue ZS, Yan SG, Quan RF, Zhang YL. Local influence of high molecular polyethylene particles on heterotopic ossification. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2934-2938. [PMID: 28587363 PMCID: PMC5450723 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of molecular polyethylene particles on local heterotopic ossification. A total of 36 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=18) and the observation group (n=18). High molecular polyethylene particles were injected to rupture Achilles tendon position in the observation group, and normal saline was injected in the control group. X-ray examinations were conducted on Achilles tendon in the 4th, 8th and 12th week after operation. The incidence rate of heterotopic ossification was evaluated, and bone trabecula morphological structure was studied under optical microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression levels were also measured. Our results showed that heterotopic ossification incidence in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Achilles tendon structure in the control group increased in volume, and its texture was harder and cartilage-like. In the observation group, trabecular bone volume, thickness and quantity were more than those observed in the control group. BMP-2, TGF-β, IL-1, TNF-α, Runx2 and MMP-9 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. We concluded that, high molecular polyethylene particles had a significant inhibiting effect on local heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ru Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Bing Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Hou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Shuang Yue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Gui Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Fu Quan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311200, P.R. China
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40
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Davies OG, Liu Y, Player DJ, Martin NRW, Grover LM, Lewis MP. Defining the Balance between Regeneration and Pathological Ossification in Skeletal Muscle Following Traumatic Injury. Front Physiol 2017; 8:194. [PMID: 28421001 PMCID: PMC5376571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by the formation of bone at atypical sites. This type of ectopic bone formation is most prominent in skeletal muscle, most frequently resulting as a consequence of physical trauma and associated with aberrant tissue regeneration. The condition is debilitating, reducing a patient's range of motion and potentially causing severe pathologies resulting from nerve and vascular compression. Despite efforts to understand the pathological processes governing HO, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the micro-environmental conditions conducive to its formation, and attempting to define the balance between muscle regeneration and pathological ossification remains complex. The development of HO is thought to be related to a complex interplay between factors released both locally and systemically in response to trauma. It develops as skeletal muscle undergoes significant repair and regeneration, and is likely to result from the misdirected differentiation of endogenous or systemically derived progenitors in response to biochemical and/or environmental cues. The process can be sequentially delineated by the presence of inflammation, tissue breakdown, adipogenesis, hypoxia, neo-vasculogenesis, chondrogenesis and ossification. However, exactly how each of these stages contributes to the formation of HO is at present not well understood. Our previous review examined the cellular contribution to HO. Therefore, the principal aim of this review will be to comprehensively outline changes in the local tissue micro-environment following trauma, and identify how these changes can alter the balance between skeletal muscle regeneration and ectopic ossification. An understanding of the mechanisms governing this condition is required for the development and advancement of HO prophylaxis and treatment, and may even hold the key to unlocking novel methods for engineering hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Darren J Player
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Neil R W Martin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
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41
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Zou J, Chen Y, Qian J, Yang H. Effect of a low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on expression and secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in nucleus pulposus cells. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:462-470. [PMID: 28173722 PMCID: PMC5536647 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516683077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate changes in nucleus pulposus cell expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α following stimulation with a low-frequency (LF) pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). Methods Primary rat nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, followed by stimulation with LF-PEMFs at a frequency of 2 Hz and different intensities, ranging from 0.5–3.0 A/m. Cells were observed for morphological changes, and proliferation rates were measured by cell viability counts. Expression of IL-1β and TNF-α within the nucleus pulposus cells was measured using western blotting, and levels of IL-1β and TNF-α secreted in the culture media were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Stimulation of nucleus pulposus cells with LF-PEMFs did not appear to affect cell morphology or nucleus pulposus cell IL-1β and TNF-α expression levels. LF-PEMFs did not significantly affect cell proliferation, however, levels of IL-1β and TNF-α secreted into the culture media were found to be significantly reduced in an intensity-dependent manner. Conclusion Low-frequency PEMF stimulation may inhibit secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α in cultured nucleus pulposus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiale Qian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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42
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Lin TH, Pajarinen J, Lu L, Nabeshima A, Cordova LA, Yao Z, Goodman SB. NF-κB as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory-Associated Bone Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 107:117-154. [PMID: 28215222 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive mechanism for pathogen clearance and maintaining tissue homeostasis. In the skeletal system, inflammation is closely associated with many bone disorders including fractures, nonunions, periprosthetic osteolysis (bone loss around orthopedic implants), and osteoporosis. Acute inflammation is a critical step for proper bone-healing and bone-remodeling processes. On the other hand, chronic inflammation with excessive proinflammatory cytokines disrupts the balance of skeletal homeostasis involving osteoblastic (bone formation) and osteoclastic (bone resorption) activities. NF-κB is a transcriptional factor that regulates the inflammatory response and bone-remodeling processes in both bone-forming and bone-resorption cells. In vitro and in vivo evidences suggest that NF-κB is an important potential therapeutic target for inflammation-associated bone disorders by modulating inflammation and bone-remodeling process simultaneously. The challenges of NF-κB-targeting therapy in bone disorders include: (1) the complexity of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways; (2) the fundamental roles of NF-κB-mediated signaling for bone regeneration at earlier phases of tissue damage and acute inflammation; and (3) the potential toxic effects on nontargeted cells such as lymphocytes. Recent developments of novel inhibitors with differential approaches to modulate NF-κB activity, and the controlled release (local) or bone-targeting drug delivery (systemic) strategies, have largely increased the translational application of NF-κB therapy in bone disorders. Taken together, temporal modulation of NF-κB pathways with the combination of recent advanced bone-targeting drug delivery techniques is a highly translational strategy to reestablish homeostasis in the skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-H Lin
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - J Pajarinen
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - L Lu
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - A Nabeshima
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - L A Cordova
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Z Yao
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - S B Goodman
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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43
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Fakhry M, Roszkowska M, Briolay A, Bougault C, Guignandon A, Diaz-Hernandez JI, Diaz-Hernandez M, Pikula S, Buchet R, Hamade E, Badran B, Bessueille L, Magne D. TNAP stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell trans-differentiation into chondrocytes through calcium deposition and BMP-2 activation: Possible implication in atherosclerotic plaque stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:643-653. [PMID: 27932058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque calcification varies from early, diffuse microcalcifications to a bone-like tissue formed by endochondral ossification. Recently, a paradigm has emerged suggesting that if the bone metaplasia stabilizes the plaques, microcalcifications are harmful. Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an ectoenzyme necessary for mineralization by its ability to hydrolyze inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), is stimulated by inflammation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our objective was to determine the role of TNAP in trans-differentiation of VSMCs and calcification. In rodent MOVAS and A7R5 VSMCs, addition of exogenous alkaline phosphatase (AP) or TNAP overexpression was sufficient to stimulate the expression of several chondrocyte markers and induce mineralization. Addition of exogenous AP to human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in pellets also stimulated chondrogenesis. Moreover, TNAP inhibition with levamisole in mouse primary chondrocytes dropped mineralization as well as the expression of chondrocyte markers. VSMCs trans-differentiated into chondrocyte-like cells, as well as primary chondrocytes, used TNAP to hydrolyze PPi, and PPi provoked the same effects as TNAP inhibition in primary chondrocytes. Interestingly, apatite crystals, associated or not to collagen, mimicked the effects of TNAP on VSMC trans-differentiation. AP and apatite crystals increased the expression of BMP-2 in VSMCs, and TNAP inhibition reduced BMP-2 levels in chondrocytes. Finally, the BMP-2 inhibitor noggin blocked the rise in aggrecan induced by AP in VSMCs, suggesting that TNAP induction in VSMCs triggers calcification, which stimulates chondrogenesis through BMP-2. Endochondral ossification in atherosclerotic plaques may therefore be induced by crystals, probably to confer stability to plaques with microcalcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Fakhry
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France; Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monika Roszkowska
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anne Briolay
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Guignandon
- Univ Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, LBTO, UMR INSERM 1059, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Juan Ignacio Diaz-Hernandez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Dpt. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Diaz-Hernandez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Dpt. Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular IV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Slawomir Pikula
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - René Buchet
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France
| | - Eva Hamade
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Lebanese University, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, EDST-PRASE, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, University Lyon 1, ICBMS, UMR CNRS 5246, F-69622 Lyon, France.
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TWEAK favors phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells through canonical and non-canonical activation of NFκB. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2305. [PMID: 27441657 PMCID: PMC4973358 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in aging, chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) recently emerged as a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. TWEAK binding to its functional receptor Fn14 was reported to promote several steps of atherosclerotic plaque progression. However, no information is currently available on the role of TWEAK/Fn14 on the development of medial calcification, which is highly prevalent in aging, CKD and T2DM. This study explored the involvement of TWEAK in human vascular smooth muscle cells (h-VSMCs) calcification in vitro. We report that TWEAK binding to Fn14 promotes inorganic phosphate-induced h-VSMCs calcification, favors h-VSMCs osteogenic transition, decreasing acta2 and myh11 and increasing bmp2 mRNA and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), and increases MMP9 activity. Blockade of the canonical NFκB pathway reduced by 80% TWEAK pro-calcific properties and decreased osteogenic transition, TNAP and MMP9 activity. Blockade of non-canonical NFκB signaling by a siRNA targeting RelB reduced by 20% TWEAK pro-calcific effects and decreased TWEAK-induced loss of h-VSMCs contractile phenotype and MMP9 activity, without modulating bmp2 mRNA or TNAP activity. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by a MAPK kinase inhibitor did not influence TWEAK pro-calcific properties. Our results suggest that TWEAK/Fn14 directly favors inorganic phosphate-induced h-VSMCs calcification by activation of both canonical and non-canonical NFκB pathways. Given the availability of neutralizing anti-TWEAK strategies, our study sheds light on the TWEAK/Fn14 axis as a novel therapeutic target in the prevention of VC.
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45
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Zickler D, Willy K, Girndt M, Fiedler R, Martus P, Storr M, Schindler R. High cut-off dialysis in chronic haemodialysis patients reduces serum procalcific activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1706-12. [PMID: 27445317 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is enhanced in chronic dialysis patients, possibly due to the insufficient removal of various intermediate molecular weight uraemic toxins such as interleukins with conventional membranes. In this study, we assessed the modulation of in vitro vascular calcification with the use of high cut-off (HCO) membranes in chronic dialysis patients. METHODS In a PERCI trial, 43 chronic dialysis patients were treated with conventional high-flux and HCO filters for 3 weeks in a randomized order following a 2-period crossover design. After each phase, serum predialysis samples were drawn. Calcifying human coronary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with the patient's serum samples. Calcification was assessed with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining. In the clinical trial, HCO dialysis reduced the serum levels of the soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1 and 2, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL2R). We therefore investigated the in vitro effects of these mediators on vascular calcification. RESULTS VSMCs incubated with HCO dialysis serum showed a 26% reduction of ALP with HCO serum compared with high-flux serum. Alizarin was 43% lower after incubation with the HCO serum compared with the high-flux serum. While sIL2R and sTNFR 1 and 2 showed no effects on VSMC calcification, VCAM-1 caused a dose-dependent enhancement of calcification. CONCLUSIONS The use of HCO dialysis membranes in chronic dialysis patients reduces the procalcific effects of serum on VSMC in vitro. The mechanisms of the strong effect of HCO on in vitro calcification are not completely understood. One factor may be lower levels of VCAM-1 in HCO serum samples, since VCAM-1 was able to induce vascular calcification in our experiments. Neither sTNFR 1, sTNFR 2 nor sIL2R enhance vascular calcification in vitro. Regardless of the mechanisms, our results encourage further studies of highly permeable filters in chronic dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Willy
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Storr
- Department of Research and Development, Gambro Dialysatoren GmbH, Hechingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Schindler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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Bougault C, Briolay A, Boutet MA, Pilet P, Delplace S, Le Goff B, Guicheux J, Blanchard F, Magne D. Wnt5a is expressed in spondyloarthritis and exerts opposite effects on enthesis and bone in murine organ and cell cultures. Transl Res 2015; 166:627-38. [PMID: 26163991 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that initiates at the enthesis, where tendons attach to bone through a fibrocartilage zone. At late stages, excessive bone apposition appears within the diseased enthesis. Because Wnt5a participates to normal bone formation and appears related to inflammatory processes, we investigated the role of this Wnt growth factor in inflammation-associated ossification in SpA. The concentration of Wnt5a assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in synovial fluids of patients with SpA (2.58 ± 0.98 ng/mL) was higher than in osteoarthritic patients (1.33 ± 0.71 ng/mL). In murine primary cultures of tendon cells, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts and in an organotypic model of mouse ankle, we showed that tumor necrosis factor α reversibly diminished Wnt5a expression and secretion, respectively. Wnt5a decreased gene expression of differentiation markers and mineralization in cultured chondrocytes and reduced alkaline phosphatase activity in Achilles tendon enthesis (-14%) and osteocalcin protein levels released by ankle explants (-36%). On the contrary, Wnt5a stimulated ossification markers' expression in cultured osteoblasts and increased the bone volume of the tibial plateau of the cultured explants (+19%). In conclusion, our results suggest that Wnt5a is expressed locally in the joints of patients with SpA. Wnt5a appears more associated with ossification than with inflammation and tends to inhibit mineralization in chondrocytes and enthesis, whereas it seems to favor the ossification process in osteoblasts and bone. Further studies are needed to decipher the opposing effects observed locally in enthesis and systemically in bone in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Bougault
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5246, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Anne Briolay
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5246, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Astrid Boutet
- Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR957, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Pilet
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie ostéoarticulaire et dentaire, INSERM, UMRS 791, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Delplace
- Physiopathology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases, Université du Littoral-Côte d'Opale, EA 4490, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Benoît Le Goff
- Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR957, Nantes, France; Department of Rheumatology, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie ostéoarticulaire et dentaire, INSERM, UMRS 791, Nantes, France; UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; PHU4 OTONN, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, INSERM, UMR957, Nantes, France
| | - David Magne
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5246, Villeurbanne, France
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Hénaut L, Sanchez-Nino MD, Aldamiz-Echevarría Castillo G, Sanz AB, Ortiz A. Targeting local vascular and systemic consequences of inflammation on vascular and cardiac valve calcification. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:89-105. [PMID: 26788590 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1081685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac valve calcification and vascular calcification (VC) are associated with cardiovascular mortality in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis are among the causes of systemic inflammation that are associated with VC. AREAS COVERED This review collates clinical and experimental evidence that inflammation accelerates VC progression. Specifically, we review the actions of key pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related transcription factors on VC, and the role played by senescence. Inflammatory cytokines, such as the TNF superfamily and IL-6 superfamily, and inflammation-related transcription factor NF-κB promote calcification in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells, or experimental animal models through direct effects, but also indirectly by decreasing circulating Fetuin A or Klotho levels. EXPERT OPINION Experimental evidence suggests a causal link between inflammation and VC that would change the clinical approach to prevention and treatment of VC. However, the molecular basis remains unclear and little is known about VC in humans treated with drugs targeting inflammatory cytokines. The effect of biologicals targeting TNF-α, RANKL, IL-6, and other inflammatory mediators on VC, in addition to the impact of dietary phosphate in patients with chronic systemic inflammation, requires study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hénaut
- a 1 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, Nephrology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Nino
- b 2Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,c 3 REDINREN , Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana B Sanz
- b 2Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,c 3 REDINREN , Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- c 3 REDINREN , Madrid, Spain.,e 5 Chief of nephrology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz , Madrid, Spain .,f 6 Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo-IRSIN , Madrid, Spain
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Bessueille L, Fakhry M, Hamade E, Badran B, Magne D. Glucose stimulates chondrocyte differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and calcification: A possible role for IL-1β. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2797-804. [PMID: 26277062 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Glucose stimulates calcification in culture of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We observed that high glucose levels stimulated mouse and human VSMC trans-differentiation into chondrocytes, with increased levels of Sox9, type II collagen, glycosaminoglycan and Runx2 expression, and increased alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. These effects were associated with increased expression of IL-1β, which stimulated alkaline phosphatase and calcification, suggesting that glucose induces chondrocyte differentiation of VSMCs, possibly through IL-1β activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bessueille
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Maya Fakhry
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE-EDST Campus Rafic Hariri-Hadath-Beirut-Liban, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 999095, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE-EDST Campus Rafic Hariri-Hadath-Beirut-Liban, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 999095, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Genomic and Health Laboratory/PRASE-EDST Campus Rafic Hariri-Hadath-Beirut-Liban, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 999095, Lebanon
| | - David Magne
- Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS), UMR CNRS 5246, University of Lyon 1, Bâtiment Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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Bessueille L, Magne D. Inflammation: a culprit for vascular calcification in atherosclerosis and diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2475-89. [PMID: 25746430 PMCID: PMC11113748 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is today acknowledged that aging is associated with a low-grade chronic inflammatory status, and that inflammation exacerbates age-related diseases such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vascular calcification is a complication that also occurs during aging, in particular in association with atherosclerosis and T2DM. Recent studies provided compelling evidence that vascular calcification is associated with inflammatory status and is enhanced by inflammatory cytokines. In the present review, we propose on one hand to highlight the most important and recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis and T2DM. On the other hand, we will present the effects of inflammatory mediators on the trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cell and on the deposition of crystals. Since vascular calcification significantly impacts morbidity and mortality in affected individuals, a better understanding of its induction and development will pave the way to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Bessueille
- University of Lyon, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, Bâtiment Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - D. Magne
- University of Lyon, ICBMS UMR CNRS 5246, Bâtiment Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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50
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Awan Z, Denis M, Roubtsova A, Essalmani R, Marcinkiewicz J, Awan A, Gram H, Seidah NG, Genest J. Reducing Vascular Calcification by Anti-IL-1β Monoclonal Antibody in a Mouse Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Angiology 2015; 67:157-67. [PMID: 25904765 DOI: 10.1177/0003319715583205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the link between cholesterol and activation of inflammation via interleukin 1β (IL-1β), we tested the effects of IL-1β inhibition on atherosclerotic calcification in mice. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia develop extensive aortic calcification and calcific aortic stenosis. Although statins delay this process, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol lowering alone is not enough to avert it. Data suggest that vascular inflammation initiated by hypercholesterolemia is followed by unchecked mineralization at sites of atherosclerotic plaques. The LDL-receptor (LDLR)-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) and LDLR-attenuated Pcsk9(Tg) mice are available animal models for pharmacological testing. METHODS A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against IL-1β or placebo was administered subcutaneously in Ldlr(-/-) and Pcsk9(Tg) models fed a Western diet. Drug level, anthropometric, lipid, and glucose profiles were determined. Expressions of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), serum amyloid A1, and cytokine were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Aortic calcification was determined by microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT) and X-ray densitometry, and aortic flow velocity was assessed by ultrasound. RESULTS Circulating levels of IL-1β in Ldlr(-/-) mice were significantly greater (2-fold) than observed in Pcsk9(Tg) mice. Placebo- and mAb-treated mice did not differ in their growth, lipid, glucose profiles, and other cytokines. Calcifications were significantly diminished in mAb-treatment Ldlr(-/-) mice (a reduction of ∼ 75% by X-ray and ∼ 90% by micro-CT) and reduced insignificantly in mAb-treatment Pcsk9(Tg) mice, whereas aortic flow velocity was unchanged in both models. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we demonstrate that aortic calcifications can be inhibited by an IL-1β mAb in LDLR-deficient mice. These results have a translational component to prevent vascular calcification in human and represent new evidence to rationalize targeting inflammation in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhier Awan
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maxime Denis
- The Department Cardiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anna Roubtsova
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Amani Awan
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hermann Gram
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- The Department Cardiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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