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Sirois JP, Heinz A. Matrikines in the skin: Origin, effects, and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108682. [PMID: 38917886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex multi-component environment that has a decisive influence on the biomechanical properties of tissues and organs. Depending on the tissue, ECM components are subject to a homeostasis of synthesis and degradation, a subtle interplay that is influenced by external factors and the intrinsic aging process and is often disturbed in pathologies. Upon proteolytic cleavage of ECM proteins, small bioactive peptides termed matrikines can be formed. These bioactive peptides play a crucial role in cell signaling and contribute to the dynamic regulation of both physiological and pathological processes such as tissue remodeling and repair as well as inflammatory responses. In the skin, matrikines exert an influence for instance on cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation as well as vasodilation, angiogenesis and protein expression. Due to their manifold functions, matrikines represent promising leads for developing new therapeutic options for the treatment of skin diseases. This review article gives a comprehensive overview on matrikines in the skin, including their origin in the dermal ECM, their biological effects and therapeutic potential for the treatment of skin pathologies such as melanoma, chronic wounds and inflammatory skin diseases or for their use in anti-aging cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Sirois
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Heinz
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Yao L, Xu Z, Davies DE, Jones MG, Wang Y. Dysregulated bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk: a core determinant of lung fibrosis progression. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:27-33. [PMID: 38558961 PMCID: PMC7615773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Progressive lung fibrosis is characterised by dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Understanding of disease pathogenesis remains limited and has prevented the development of effective treatments. While an abnormal wound healing response is strongly implicated in lung fibrosis initiation, factors that determine why fibrosis progresses rather than regular tissue repair occurs are not fully explained. Within human lung fibrosis there is evidence of altered epithelial and mesenchymal lung populations as well as cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a dynamic and reversible biological process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and down-regulate cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion to gain migratory properties. This review will focus upon the role of EMT and dysregulated epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in progressive lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Zijian Xu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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Chang HY, Huynh M, Roopra A, Callander NS, Miyamoto S. HAPLN1 matrikine: a bone marrow homing factor linked to poor outcomes in patients with MM. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6859-6872. [PMID: 37647592 PMCID: PMC10685165 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for dissemination, growth, and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Homing of myeloma cells to the BM niche is a crucial step in MM dissemination, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. In particular, any role of matrikines, neofunctional peptides derived from extracellular matrix proteins, remains unknown. Here, we report that a matrikine derived from hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) induces MM cell adhesion to the BM stromal components, such as fibronectin, endothelial cells, and stromal cells and, furthermore, induces their chemotactic and chemokinetic migration. In a mouse xenograft model, we show that MM cells preferentially home to HAPLN1 matrikine-conditioned BM. The transcription factor STAT1 is activated by HAPLN1 matrikine and is necessary to induce MM cell adhesion, migration, migration-related genes, and BM homing. STAT1 activation is mediated by interferon beta (IFN-β), which is induced by NF-κB after stimulation by HAPLN1 matrikine. Finally, we also provide evidence that higher levels of HAPLN1 in BM samples correlate with poorer progression-free survival of patients with newly diagnosed MM. These data reveal that a matrikine present in the BM microenvironment acts as a chemoattractant, plays an important role in BM homing of MM cells via NF-κB-IFN-β-STAT1 signaling, and may help identify patients with poor outcomes. This study also provides a mechanistic rationale for targeting HAPLN1 matrikine in MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Yeun Chang
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mailee Huynh
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Natalie S. Callander
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Sumioka T, Matsumoto KI, Reinach PS, Saika S. Tenascins and osteopontin in biological response in cornea. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:131-149. [PMID: 37209968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The structural composition, integrity and regular curvature of the cornea contribute to the maintenance of its transparency and vision. Disruption of its integrity caused by injury results in scarring, inflammation and neovascularization followed by losses in transparency. These sight compromising effects is caused by dysfunctional corneal resident cell responses induced by the wound healing process. Upregulation of growth factors/cytokines and neuropeptides affect development of aberrant behavior. These factors trigger keratocytes to first transform into activated fibroblasts and then to myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts express extracellular matrix components for tissue repair and contract the tissue to facilitate wound closure. Proper remodeling following primary repair is critical for restoration of transparency and visual function. Extracellular matrix components contributing to the healing process are divided into two groups; a group of classical tissue structural components and matrix macromolecules that modulate cell behaviors/activities besides being integrated into the matrix structure. The latter components are designated as matricellular proteins. Their functionality is elicited through mechanisms which modulate the scaffold integrity, cell behaviors, activation/inactivation of either growth factors or cytoplasmic signaling regulation. We discuss here the functional roles of matricellular proteins in mediating injury-induced corneal tissue repair. The roles are described of major matricellular proteins, which include tenascin C, tenascin X and osteopontin. Focus is directed towards dealing with their roles in modulating individual activities of wound healing-related growth factors, e. g., transforming growth factor β (TGF β). Modulation of matricellular protein functions could encompass a potential novel strategy to improve the outcome of injury-induced corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- Department of Biological. Sciences SUNY Optometry, New York, NY, 10036, USA
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, 641-0012, Japan
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Recombinant mussel protein Pvfp5β enhances cell adhesion of poly(vinyl alcohol)/k-carrageenan hydrogel scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:639-652. [PMID: 35569680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric hydrogels are increasingly considered as scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their extraordinary resemblance with the extracellular matrix (ECM) of many tissues. As cell adhesion is a key factor in regulating important cell functions, hydrogel scaffolds are often functionalized or loaded with a variety of bioactive molecules that can promote adhesion. Interesting biomimetic approaches exploit the properties of mussel-inspired recombinant adhesive proteins. In this work, we prepared hydrogel scaffolds with a 50%w mixture of k-carrageenan (kC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), by a two-step physical gelation process, and we coated them with Perna viridis foot protein-5β (Pvfp5β). The mechanical and morphological properties of hydrogels were investigated both after conditioning with typical cell culture media and also after coating with the Pvfp5β. The protein resulted strongly adsorbed onto the surface of the hydrogel and also able to penetrate in its interiors to a certain depth, mainly interacting with the kC component of the scaffold as resulted from the confocal analysis. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH-3T3 were seeded on top of the hydrogels and cultured up to two weeks. The role of Pvfp5β in promoting cell adhesion, spreading and colonization of the scaffold was demonstrated.
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Tsai NY, Wang F, Toma K, Yin C, Takatoh J, Pai EL, Wu K, Matcham AC, Yin L, Dang EJ, Marciano DK, Rubenstein JL, Wang F, Ullian EM, Duan X. Trans-Seq maps a selective mammalian retinotectal synapse instructed by Nephronectin. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:659-674. [PMID: 35524141 PMCID: PMC9172271 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mouse visual system serves as an accessible model to understand mammalian circuit wiring. Despite rich knowledge in retinal circuits, the long-range connectivity map from distinct retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types to diverse brain neuron types remains unknown. In this study, we developed an integrated approach, called Trans-Seq, to map RGCs to superior collicular (SC) circuits. Trans-Seq combines a fluorescent anterograde trans-synaptic tracer, consisting of codon-optimized wheat germ agglutinin fused to mCherry, with single-cell RNA sequencing. We used Trans-Seq to classify SC neuron types innervated by genetically defined RGC types and predicted a neuronal pair from αRGCs to Nephronectin-positive wide-field neurons (NPWFs). We validated this connection using genetic labeling, electrophysiology and retrograde tracing. We then used transcriptomic data from Trans-Seq to identify Nephronectin as a determinant for selective synaptic choice from αRGC to NPWFs via binding to Integrin α8β1. The Trans-Seq approach can be broadly applied for post-synaptic circuit discovery from genetically defined pre-synaptic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenichi Toma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jun Takatoh
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily L Pai
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kongyan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angela C Matcham
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luping Yin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John L Rubenstein
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Mechanisms of Tumor Progression and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051231. [PMID: 35267539 PMCID: PMC8909913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in determining the biological behavior of several of the more aggressive malignancies. Among the various cell types evident in the tumor “field”, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous collection of activated fibroblasts secreting a wide repertoire of factors that regulate tumor development and progression, inflammation, drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Insensitivity to chemotherapeutics and metastatic spread are the major contributors to cancer patient mortality. This review discusses the complex interactions between CAFs and the various populations of normal and neoplastic cells that interact within the dynamic confines of the tumor microenvironment with a focus on the involved pathways and genes. Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous population of stromal cells found in solid malignancies that coexist with the growing tumor mass and other immune/nonimmune cellular elements. In certain neoplasms (e.g., desmoplastic tumors), CAFs are the prominent mesenchymal cell type in the tumor microenvironment, where their presence and abundance signal a poor prognosis in multiple cancers. CAFs play a major role in the progression of various malignancies by remodeling the supporting stromal matrix into a dense, fibrotic structure while secreting factors that lead to the acquisition of cancer stem-like characteristics and promoting tumor cell survival, reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, aggressive growth and metastasis. Tumors with high stromal fibrotic signatures are more likely to be associated with drug resistance and eventual relapse. Clarifying the molecular basis for such multidirectional crosstalk among the various normal and neoplastic cell types present in the tumor microenvironment may yield novel targets and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review highlights the most recent concepts regarding the complexity of CAF biology including CAF heterogeneity, functionality in drug resistance, contribution to a progressively fibrotic tumor stroma, the involved signaling pathways and the participating genes.
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Yao L, Zhou Y, Li J, Wickens L, Conforti F, Rattu A, Ibrahim FM, Alzetani A, Marshall BG, Fletcher SV, Hancock D, Wallis T, Downward J, Ewing RM, Richeldi L, Skipp P, Davies DE, Jones MG, Wang Y. Bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals in pulmonary fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101096. [PMID: 34418430 PMCID: PMC8435701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the prototypic progressive fibrotic lung disease with a median survival of 2 to 4 years. Injury to and/or dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium is strongly implicated in IPF disease initiation, but the factors that determine whether fibrosis progresses rather than normal tissue repair occurs remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells augments transforming growth factor-β-induced profibrogenic responses in underlying lung fibroblasts via paracrine signaling. Here, we investigated bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and its potential to drive fibrosis progression. RNA-Seq of lung fibroblasts exposed to conditioned media from ATII cells undergoing RAS-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition identified many differentially expressed genes including those involved in cell migration and extracellular matrix regulation. We confirmed that paracrine signaling between RAS-activated ATII cells and fibroblasts augmented fibroblast recruitment and demonstrated that this involved a zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-tissue plasminogen activator axis. In a reciprocal fashion, paracrine signaling from transforming growth factor-β-activated lung fibroblasts or IPF fibroblasts induced RAS activation in ATII cells, at least partially through the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, which may signal via the epithelial growth factor receptor via epithelial growth factor-like repeats. Together, these data identify that aberrant bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in IPF drives a chronic feedback loop that maintains a wound-healing phenotype and provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudi Yao
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Wickens
- Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Rattu
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Fathima Maneesha Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie V Fletcher
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Wallis
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Skipp
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Centre for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Donna E Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark G Jones
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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Park HJ, Yun JI, Lee ST. Localization of integrin heterodimer α 9β 1 on the surface of uterine endometrial stromal and epithelial cells in mice. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:228-232. [PMID: 33029300 PMCID: PMC7473287 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1804446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that endometrial stromal (ES) and endometrial epithelial (EE) cells did not attach to tenascin C, indicating the absence of active integrin α9β1 on the surface of mouse ES and EE cells. However, that study used recombinant tenascin C without fibronectin (FN) type III repeats interacting with integrin heterodimers. Therefore, we re-evaluated the presence of integrin α9β1 actively functioning on the surface of mouse ES and EE cells using full-length native tenascin C with FN type III repeats. The functionality of integrin α9β1 was confirmed using attachment and antibody inhibition assays. Both mouse ES and EE cells showed significantly increased adhesion to native tenascin C, and functional blocking of integrin α9β1 significantly inhibited adhesion to native tenascin C. These results demonstrate that the integrin α9 and β1 subunits function as active heterodimers on the plasma membrane of mouse ES and EE cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,KustoGen Inc., Chuncheon, Korea
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11
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Harikrishnan K, Joshi O, Madangirikar S, Balasubramanian N. Cell Derived Matrix Fibulin-1 Associates With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor to Inhibit Its Activation, Localization and Function in Lung Cancer Calu-1 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:522. [PMID: 32719793 PMCID: PMC7348071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a known promoter of tumor progression and is overexpressed in lung cancers. Growth factor receptors (including EGFR) are known to interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which regulate their activation and function. Fibulin-1 (FBLN1) is a major component of the ECM in lung tissue, and its levels are known to be downregulated in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). To test the possible role FBLN1 isoforms could have in regulating EGFR signaling and function in lung cancer, we performed siRNA mediated knockdown of FBLN1C and FBLN1D in NSCLC Calu-1 cells. Their loss significantly increased basal (with serum) and EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) mediated EGFR activation without affecting net EGFR levels. Overexpression of FBLN1C and FBLN1D also inhibits EGFR activation confirming their regulatory crosstalk. Loss of FBLN1C and FBLN1D promotes EGFR-dependent cell migration, inhibited upon Erlotinib treatment. Mechanistically, both FBLN1 isoforms interact with EGFR, their association not dependent on its activation. Notably, cell-derived matrix (CDM) enriched FBLN1 binds EGFR. Calu-1 cells plated on CDM derived from FBLN1C and FBLN1D knockdown cells show a significant increase in EGF mediated EGFR activation. This promotes cell adhesion and spreading with active EGFR enriched at membrane ruffles. Both adhesion and spreading on CDMs is significantly reduced by Erlotinib treatment. Together, these findings show FBLN1C/1D, as part of the ECM, can bind and regulate EGFR activation and function in NSCLC Calu-1 cells. They further highlight the role tumor ECM composition could have in influencing EGFR dependent lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omkar Joshi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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12
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Nieto-Nicolau N, Martín-Antonio B, Müller-Sánchez C, Casaroli-Marano RP. In vitro potential of human mesenchymal stem cells for corneal epithelial regeneration. Regen Med 2020; 15:1409-1426. [PMID: 32352350 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for corneal epithelial regeneration in vitro. Materials & methods: Bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue MSC were analyzed for corneal epithelial and mesenchymal markers, using limbal stem cells and corneal cells as controls. MSC with better potential were cultured with specific mediums for epithelial induction. Transepithelial electric resistance and wound healing assay with human corneal epithelial cells were performed. Results: BM-MSC showed better potential, increased corneal markers, and higher transepithelial electric resistance values when induced with limbal epithelial culture medium. Induced BM-MSC promoted better wound healing of human corneal epithelial cells by paracrine secretion. Conclusion: BM-MSC has potential for corneal epithelial induction in a protocol compatible with human application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang I Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Steitz AM, Steffes A, Finkernagel F, Unger A, Sommerfeld L, Jansen JM, Wagner U, Graumann J, Müller R, Reinartz S. Tumor-associated macrophages promote ovarian cancer cell migration by secreting transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) and tenascin C. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:249. [PMID: 32312959 PMCID: PMC7171168 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A central and unique aspect of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is the extensive transcoelomic spreading of tumor cell via the peritoneal fluid or malignant ascites. We and others identified tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the ascites as promoters of metastasis-associated processes like extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, tumor cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. The precise mechanisms and mediators involved in these functions of TAM are, however, largely unknown. We observed that HGSC migration is promoted by soluble mediators from ascites-derived TAM, which can be emulated by conditioned medium from monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) differentiated in ascites to TAM-like asc-MDM. A similar effect was observed with IL-10-induced alternatively activated m2c-MDM but not with LPS/IFNγ-induced inflammatory m1-MDM. These observations provided the basis for deconvolution of the complex TAM secretome by performing comparative secretome analysis of matched triplets of different MDM phenotypes with different pro-migratory properties (asc-MDM, m2c-MDM, m1-MDM). Mass spectrometric analysis identified an overlapping set of nine proteins secreted by both asc-MDM and m2c-MDM, but not by m1-MDM. Of these, three proteins, i.e., transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) protein, tenascin C (TNC), and fibronectin (FN1), have been associated with migration-related functions. Intriguingly, increased ascites concentrations of TGFBI, TNC, and fibronectin were associated with short progression-free survival. Furthermore, transcriptome and secretome analyses point to TAM as major producers of these proteins, further supporting an essential role for TAM in promoting HGSC progression. Consistent with this hypothesis, we were able to demonstrate that the migration-inducing potential of asc-MDM and m2c-MDM secretomes is inhibited, at least partially, by neutralizing antibodies against TGFBI and TNC or siRNA-mediated silencing of TGFBI expression. In conclusion, the present study provides the first experimental evidence that TAM-derived TGFBI and TNC in ascites promote HGSC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mary Steitz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alina Steffes
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Annika Unger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leah Sommerfeld
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia M Jansen
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology and Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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14
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Brassart-Pasco S, Brézillon S, Brassart B, Ramont L, Oudart JB, Monboisse JC. Tumor Microenvironment: Extracellular Matrix Alterations Influence Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:397. [PMID: 32351878 PMCID: PMC7174611 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of various cell types embedded in an altered extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM not only serves as a support for tumor cell but also regulates cell-cell or cell-matrix cross-talks. Alterations in ECM may be induced by hypoxia and acidosis, by oxygen free radicals generated by infiltrating inflammatory cells or by tumor- or stromal cell-secreted proteases. A poorer diagnosis for patients is often associated with ECM alterations. Tumor ECM proteome, also named cancer matrisome, is strongly altered, and different ECM protein signatures may be defined to serve as prognostic biomarkers. Collagen network reorganization facilitates tumor cell invasion. Proteoglycan expression and location are modified in the TME and affect cell invasion and metastatic dissemination. ECM macromolecule degradation by proteases may induce the release of angiogenic growth factors but also the release of proteoglycan-derived or ECM protein fragments, named matrikines or matricryptins. This review will focus on current knowledge and new insights in ECM alterations, degradation, and reticulation through cross-linking enzymes and on the role of ECM fragments in the control of cancer progression and their potential use as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Brassart-Pasco
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Bertrand Brassart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Ramont
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
| | - Jean Claude Monboisse
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
- CHU Reims, Service Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Reims, France
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15
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Eckersley A, Ozols M, O'Cualain R, Keevill EJ, Foster A, Pilkington S, Knight D, Griffiths CEM, Watson REB, Sherratt MJ. Proteomic fingerprints of damage in extracellular matrix assemblies. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 5:100027. [PMID: 33543016 PMCID: PMC7852314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the dynamic intracellular environment, structural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with half-lives measured in decades, are susceptible to accumulating damage. Whilst conventional approaches such as histology, immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry are able to identify age- and disease-related changes in protein abundance or distribution, these techniques are poorly suited to characterising molecular damage. We have previously shown that mass spectrometry can detect tissue-specific differences in the proteolytic susceptibility of protein regions within fibrillin-1 and collagen VI alpha-3. Here, we present a novel proteomic approach to detect damage-induced “peptide fingerprints” within complex multi-component ECM assemblies (fibrillin and collagen VI microfibrils) following their exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) by broadband UVB or solar simulated radiation (SSR). These assemblies were chosen because, in chronically photoaged skin, fibrillin and collagen VI microfibril architectures are differentially susceptible to UVR. In this study, atomic force microscopy revealed that fibrillin microfibril ultrastructure was significantly altered by UVR exposure whereas the ultrastructure of collagen VI microfibrils was resistant. UVR-induced molecular damage was further characterised by proteolytic peptide generation with elastase followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Peptide mapping revealed that UVR exposure increased regional proteolytic susceptibility within the protein structures of fibrillin-1 and collagen VI alpha-3. This allowed the identification of UVR-induced molecular changes within these two key ECM assemblies. Additionally, similar changes were observed within protein regions of co-purifying, microfibril-associated receptors integrins αv and β1. This study demonstrates that LC-MS/MS mapping of peptides enables the characterisation of molecular post-translational damage (via direct irradiation and radiation-induced oxidative mechanisms) within a complex in vitro model system. This peptide fingerprinting approach reliably allows both the identification of UVR-induced molecular damage in and between proteins and the identification of specific protein domains with increased proteolytic susceptibility as a result of photo-denaturation. This has the potential to serve as a sensitive method of identifying accumulated molecular damage in vivo using conventional mass spectrometry data-sets. Mass spectrometry “peptide fingerprinting” can detect post-translational damage within extracellular matrix proteins. UVR-induced FBN1 and COL6A3 peptide fingerprints are reproducibly identified from purified microfibrils. Peptide mapping reveals increased regional susceptibilities to proteolysis in FBN1 and COL6A3 proteins. Regional changes are also observed in protein structures of microfibril-associated receptor integrins αv and β1. This “peptide fingerprinting” approach is applicable to conventional LC-MS/MS datasets.
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Key Words
- AFM, atomic force microscopy
- COL6A3, collagen VI alpha 3 chain
- Collagen VI microfibril
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor domain
- Fibrillin microfibril
- HDF, human dermal fibroblast
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- Mass spectrometry
- PSM, peptide spectrum match
- Photodamage
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SSR, solar simulated radiation
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
- UVR, ultraviolet radiation
- Ultraviolet radiation
- vWA, von Willebrand factor type A domain
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronan O'Cualain
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma-Jayne Keevill
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - April Foster
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne Pilkington
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Core Research Facility, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher E M Griffiths
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Weyand CM, Watanabe R, Zhang H, Akiyama M, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ. Cytokines, growth factors and proteases in medium and large vessel vasculitis. Clin Immunol 2019; 206:33-41. [PMID: 30772599 PMCID: PMC6693995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis are autoimmune vasculitides that cause aneurysm formation and tissue infarction. Extravascular inflammation consists of an intense acute phase response. Deeper understanding of pathogenic events in the vessel wall has highlighted the loss of tissue protective mechanisms, the intrusion of immune cells into "forbidden territory", and the autonomy of self-renewing vasculitic infiltrates. Adventitial vasa vasora critically control vessel wall access and drive differentiation of tissue-invasive T cells. Selected T cells establish tissue residency and build autonomous, self-sufficient inflammatory lesions. Pathogenic effector T cells intrude and survive due to failed immune checkpoint inhibition. Vasculitis-sustaining T cells and macrophages provide a broad portfolio of effector functions, involving heterogeneous populations of pro-inflammatory T cells and diverse macrophage subsets that ultimately induce wall capillarization and intimal hyperplasia. Redirecting diagnostic and therapeutic strategies from control of extravascular inflammatory markers to suppression of vascular inflammation will improve disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
| | - Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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17
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Eble JA, Niland S. The extracellular matrix in tumor progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:171-198. [PMID: 30972526 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the scaffold of tissues and organs. It is a complex network of extracellular proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which form supramolecular aggregates, such as fibrils and sheet-like networks. In addition to its biochemical composition, including the covalent intermolecular cross-linkages, the ECM is also characterized by its biophysical parameters, such as topography, molecular density, stiffness/rigidity and tension. Taking these biochemical and biophysical parameters into consideration, the ECM is very versatile and undergoes constant remodeling. This review focusses on this remodeling of the ECM under the influence of a primary solid tumor mass. Within this tumor stroma, not only the cancer cells but also the resident fibroblasts, which differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), modify the ECM. Growth factors and chemokines, which are tethered to and released from the ECM, as well as metabolic changes of the cells within the tumor bulk, add to the tumor-supporting tumor microenvironment. Metastasizing cancer cells from a primary tumor mass infiltrate into the ECM, which variably may facilitate cancer cell migration or act as barrier, which has to be proteolytically breached by the infiltrating tumor cell. The biochemical and biophysical properties therefore determine the rates and routes of metastatic dissemination. Moreover, primed by soluble factors of the primary tumor, the ECM of distant organs may be remodeled in a way to facilitate the engraftment of metastasizing cancer cells. Such premetastatic niches are responsible for the organotropic preference of certain cancer entities to colonize at certain sites in distant organs and to establish a metastasis. Translational application of our knowledge about the cancer-primed ECM is sparse with respect to therapeutic approaches, whereas tumor-induced ECM alterations such as increased tissue stiffness and desmoplasia, as well as breaching the basement membrane are hallmark of malignancy and diagnostically and histologically harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
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18
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Michalek IM, Lelen-Kaminska K, Caetano Dos Santos FL. Peptides stimulating synthesis of extracellular matrix used in anti-ageing cosmetics: Are they clinically tested? A systematic review of the literature. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 60:e267-e271. [PMID: 30941744 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peptides stimulating synthesis of extracellular matrix are now commonly used in the production of anti-ageing cosmetics. However, much uncertainty still exists about the methodology of their clinical assessment. The aim of the study was to review the literature for clinical study designs assessing the efficacy of these peptides. The authors searched systematically publications indexed in PubMed, Scope and Web of Science, according to the PRISMA protocol. Altogether 12 scientific papers, reporting results of 15 independent studies were identified. Out of these 15 studies, only six used a placebo control. Double-blinding was applied in five out of 15 studies. Nine studies were based on female-only populations. For the product performance evaluation, most of the studies (10 out of the 15) used image-based methods. The literature on the topic is sparse. The studies carried out so far have many methodological limitations. Most of the clinical experiments hitherto conducted were non-double-blind and used no placebo control. There is a need for better planned and controlled clinical trials in this area.
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19
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A short peptide potentially promotes the healing of skin wound. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181734. [PMID: 30842341 PMCID: PMC6430730 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound, a common form of skin damage in daily life, remains a serious challenge in clinical treatment. Bioactive peptides with high efficiency have been considered as potential therapeutic candidates for wound healing. In this report, a novel short linear peptide, with mature peptide sequence of 'GLLSGINAEWPC' and no obvious similarity with other known bioactive peptides, was identified by genomic method from the skin of odorous frog, Odorrana andersonii Our results suggested that OA-GL12 (OA: abbreviation of species (O. andersonii), GL: two initial amino acids, 12: peptide length) obviously accelerated the scratch-healing of keratinocytes and human fibroblasts in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, OA-GL12 showed significant effect in promoting the wound healing on the full-thickness skin wound model. Inflammatory assay results demonstrated that OA-GL12 induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), which might explain the powerful accelerating capacity of wound healing. Moreover, results also indicated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was involved in the mechanisms underlying the scratch-healing promoting activity of OA-GL12. In addition, OA-GL12 showed obvious free radical scavenging activity. Results supported that OA-GL12 did not exert risk in acute toxicity, hemolytic activity, and direct antibacterial activity. The remarkable effect of OA-GL12 on promoting wound healing verified in this research made it potential to be a novel template for the development of wound healing-promoting agents.
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20
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Dempsey SG, Miller CH, Hill RC, Hansen KC, May BCH. Functional Insights from the Proteomic Inventory of Ovine Forestomach Matrix. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1657-1668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandi G. Dempsey
- Aroa Biosurgery Limited, Airport Oaks, Auckland 2022, New Zealand
| | | | - Ryan C. Hill
- Omix Technologies LLC, Bioscience 1, 12635 E. Montview Blvd. Suite 100, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Omix Technologies LLC, Bioscience 1, 12635 E. Montview Blvd. Suite 100, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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21
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Wells A, Clark A, Bradshaw A, Ma B, Edington H. The great escape: How metastases of melanoma, and other carcinomas, avoid elimination. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 243:1245-1255. [PMID: 30764707 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218820287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Cancers kill mainly because metastatic disease is resistant to systemic therapies. It was hoped that newer targeted and immunomodulatory interventions could overcome these issues. However, recent findings point to a generalized resistance to elimination imparted by both cancer-intrinsic and -extrinsic changes to provide survival advantages to the disseminated tumor cells. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework for the microenvironmental inputs and changes that contribute to this generalized therapeutic resistance. In addition we address the issues of experimental systems in terms of studying this phenomenon with their advantages and limitations. This is meant to spur studies into this critical aspect of tumor progression that directly leads to cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wells
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,3 Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.,4 McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,5 Hillman Cancer Centers of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Amanda Clark
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew Bradshaw
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,3 Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,3 Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.,5 Hillman Cancer Centers of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Howard Edington
- 6 Department of Surgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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22
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Xia L, Dai L, Yang Q. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection decreases arginine uptake by downregulating CAT-1 expression. Vet Res 2018; 49:95. [PMID: 30236161 PMCID: PMC6148772 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. TGEV primarily targets and infects porcine intestinal epithelial cells, which play an important role in nutrient absorption. However, the effects of TGEV infection on nutrient absorption in swine have not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the impact of TGEV infection on arginine uptake using the porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 as a model system. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed that TGEV infection leads to reduced arginine uptake at 48 hours post-infection (hpi). Expression of cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT-1) was attenuated as well. TGEV infection induced activation of phospho-protein kinase C α (p-PKC α), phospho-epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), and enhanced the expression of caveolin-1, all of which appear to be involved in down-regulating arginine uptake and CAT-1 expression. These results illuminate the relationship between TGEV infection and nutrient absorption, and further our understanding of the mechanisms of TGEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xia
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lei Dai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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23
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Keller S, Kneissl J, Grabher-Meier V, Heindl S, Hasenauer J, Maier D, Mattes J, Winter P, Luber B. Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling effects in gastric cancer cell lines by detailed motility-focused phenotypic characterization linked with molecular analysis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:845. [PMID: 29237412 PMCID: PMC5729506 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancers frequently overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has been implicated in pathological processes including tumor cell motility, invasion and metastasis. Targeting EGFR with the inhibitory antibody cetuximab may affect the motile and invasive behavior of tumor cells. Here, we evaluated the effects of EGFR signaling in gastric cancer cell lines to link the phenotypic behavior of the cells with their molecular characteristics. Methods Phenotypic effects were analyzed in four gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, Hs746T, LMSU and MKN1) by time-lapse microscopy and transwell invasion assay. Effects on EGFR signaling were detected using Western blot and proteome profiler analyses. A network was constructed linking EGFR signaling to the regulation of cellular motility. Results The analysis of the effects of treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and cetuximab revealed that only one cell line (MKN1) was sensitive to cetuximab treatment in all phenotypic assays, whereas the other cell lines were either not responsive (Hs746T, LMSU) or sensitive only in certain tests (AGS). Cetuximab inhibited EGFR, MAPK and AKT activity and associated components of the EGFR signaling pathway to different degrees in cetuximab-sensitive MKN1 cells. In contrast, no such changes were observed in Hs746T cells. Thus, the different phenotypic behaviors of the cells were linked to their molecular response to treatment. Genetic alterations had different associations with response to treatment: while PIK3CA mutations and KRAS mutation or amplification were not obstructive, the MET mutation was associated with non-response. Conclusion These results identify components of the EGFR signaling network as important regulators of the phenotypic and molecular response to cetuximab treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3822-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Keller
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Julia Kneissl
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Verena Grabher-Meier
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Stefan Heindl
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Maier
- Biomax Informatics AG, Robert-Koch-Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Julian Mattes
- Knowledge-Based Vision Systems, Software Competence Center Hagenberg GmbH, Softwarepark 21, 4232, Hagenberg, Austria.,Present Address: MATTES Medical Imaging GmbH, Softwarepark 21, 4232, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Peter Winter
- GenXPro GmbH, Altenhöferallee 3, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Birgit Luber
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Trogerstr. 18, 81675, München, Germany.
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Fu H, Tian Y, Zhou L, Zhou D, Tan RJ, Stolz DB, Liu Y. Tenascin-C Is a Major Component of the Fibrogenic Niche in Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:785-801. [PMID: 27612995 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis initiates at certain focal sites in which the fibrogenic niche provides a specialized microenvironment that facilitates fibroblast activation and proliferation. However, the molecular identity of these fibrogenic niches is poorly characterized. Here, we determined whether tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is a component of the fibrogenic niche in kidney fibrosis. In vivo, TNC expression increased rapidly in kidneys subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia/reperfusion injury and predominantly localized at the foci rich in fibroblasts in renal interstitium. In vitro, TNC selectively promoted renal interstitial fibroblast proliferation, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and the expression of proliferation-related genes. The mitogenic activity of TNC required the integrin/focal adhesion kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Using decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds, we found that TNC-enriched scaffolds facilitated fibroblast proliferation, whereas TNC-deprived scaffolds inhibited proliferation. Matrix scaffold prepared from fibrotic kidney also promoted greater ex vivo fibroblast proliferation than did scaffolds prepared from healthy kidney. Conversely, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of TNC in vivo repressed injury-induced fibroblast expansion and renal fibrosis. These studies identify TNC as a major constituent of the fibrogenic niche that promotes fibroblast proliferation, and illustrate a pivotal role for the TNC-enriched microenvironment in kidney fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and.,Departments of Pathology
| | - Yuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | | | | | - Donna B Stolz
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and .,Departments of Pathology
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Clark AM, Ma B, Taylor DL, Griffith L, Wells A. Liver metastases: Microenvironments and ex-vivo models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1639-52. [PMID: 27390264 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216658144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a highly metastasis-permissive organ, tumor seeding of which usually portends mortality. Its unique and diverse architectural and cellular composition enable the liver to undertake numerous specialized functions, however, this distinctive biology, notably its hemodynamic features and unique microenvironment, renders the liver intrinsically hospitable to disseminated tumor cells. The particular focus for this perspective is the bidirectional interactions between the disseminated tumor cells and the unique resident cell populations of the liver; notably, parenchymal hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver sinusoidal endothelial, Kupffer, and hepatic stellate cells. Understanding the early steps in the metastatic seeding, including the decision to undergo dormancy versus outgrowth, has been difficult to study in 2D culture systems and animals due to numerous limitations. In response, tissue-engineered biomimetic systems have emerged. At the cutting-edge of these developments are ex vivo 'microphysiological systems' (MPS) which are cellular constructs designed to faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of a human organ or organ regions on a milli- to micro-scale level and can be made all human to maintain species-specific interactions. Hepatic MPSs are particularly attractive for studying metastases as in addition to the liver being a main site of metastatic seeding, it is also the principal site of drug metabolism and therapy-limiting toxicities. Thus, using these hepatic MPSs will enable not only an enhanced understanding of the fundamental aspects of metastasis but also allow for therapeutic agents to be fully studied for efficacy while also monitoring pharmacologic aspects and predicting toxicities. The review discusses some of the hepatic MPS models currently available and although only one MPS has been validated to relevantly modeling metastasis, it is anticipated that the adaptation of the other hepatic models to include tumors will not be long in coming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Linda Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Decorin as a multivalent therapeutic agent against cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:174-85. [PMID: 26522384 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Decorin is a prototypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan that epitomizes the multifunctional nature of this critical gene family. Soluble decorin engages multiple receptor tyrosine kinases within the target-rich environment of the tumor stroma and tumor parenchyma. Upon receptor binding, decorin initiates signaling pathways within endothelial cells downstream of VEGFR2 that ultimately culminate in a Peg3/Beclin 1/LC3-dependent autophagic program. Concomitant with autophagic induction, decorin blunts capillary morphogenesis and endothelial cell migration, thereby significantly compromising tumor angiogenesis. In parallel within the tumor proper, decorin binds multiple RTKs with high affinity, including Met, for a multitude of oncosuppressive functions including growth inhibition, tumor cell mitophagy, and angiostasis. Decorin is also pro-inflammatory by modulating macrophage function and cytokine secretion. Decorin suppresses tumorigenic growth, angiogenesis, and prevents metastatic lesions in a variety of in vitro and in vivo tumor models. Therefore, decorin would be an ideal therapeutic candidate for combating solid malignancies.
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Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC), a multifunctional matricellular glyco-protein, is highly expressed in the majority of melanoma cell lines and has been implicated in the progression of melanoma. A growing body of evidence has implicated the role of TNC in the process of invasion and metastasis for melanoma. However, the mechanism and individual signaling pathways by which TNC drives melanoma progression have not been illuminated. Herein we provide perspectives from the investigation of TNC in other settings that may hint at the mechanistic role of TNC in this disease.
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Liu F, Lv X, Yu H, Xu P, Ma R, Zou K. In search of key genes associated with endometriosis using bioinformatics approach. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 194:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bergman A, Gligorijevic B. Niche construction game cancer cells play. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2015; 130:203. [PMID: 27656339 PMCID: PMC5027994 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/i2015-15203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Niche construction concept was originally defined in evolutionary biology as the continuous interplay between natural selection via environmental conditions and the modification of these conditions by the organism itself. Processes unraveling during cancer metastasis include construction of niches, which cancer cells use towards more efficient survival, transport into new environments and preparation of the remote sites for their arrival. Many elegant experiments were done lately illustrating, for example, the premetastatic niche construction, but there is practically no mathematical modeling done which would apply the niche construction framework. To create models useful for understanding niche construction role in cancer progression, we argue that a) genetic, b) phenotypic and c) ecological levels are to be included. While the model proposed here is phenomenological in its current form, it can be converted into a predictive outcome model via experimental measurement of the model parameters. Here we give an overview of an experimentally formulated problem in cancer metastasis and propose how niche construction framework can be utilized and broadened to model it. Other life science disciplines, such as host-parasite coevolution, may also benefit from niche construction framework adaptation, to satisfy growing need for theoretical considerations of data collected by experimental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Bergman
- Systems and Computational Biology Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave, 10461, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Bioengineering Department, Temple University, 1947 N 12th st., 19122 Philadelphia, PA, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Cottman Ave 333, 19111 Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Guided tissue regeneration in heart valve replacement: from preclinical research to first-in-human trials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:432901. [PMID: 26495295 PMCID: PMC4606187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/432901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart valve tissue-guided regeneration aims to offer a functional and viable alternative to current prosthetic replacements. Not requiring previous cell seeding and conditioning in bioreactors, such exceptional tissue engineering approach is a very fascinating translational regenerative strategy. After in vivo implantation, decellularized heart valve scaffolds drive their same repopulation by recipient's cells for a prospective autologous-like tissue reconstruction, remodeling, and adaptation to the somatic growth of the patient. With such a viability, tissue-guided regenerated conduits can be delivered as off-the-shelf biodevices and possess all the potentialities for a long-lasting resolution of the dramatic inconvenience of heart valve diseases, both in children and in the elderly. A review on preclinical and clinical investigations of this therapeutic concept is provided with evaluation of the issues still to be well deliberated for an effective and safe in-human application.
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Bedal KB, Grässel S, Spanier G, Reichert TE, Bauer RJ. The NC11 domain of human collagen XVI induces vasculogenic mimicry in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1429-39. [PMID: 26424749 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen XVI, a fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helix (FACIT) collagen, is involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and glioblastoma progression. The NC11 domain of collagen XVI has been described previously with a strong implication in physiological processes. We detected the non-collagenous (NC) 11-domain in supernatants of OSCC cells after recombinant expression of full-length collagen XVI and in sera from OSCC patients and healthy individuals. Stable expression of NC11-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein in OSCC cells initiated proliferation control and block of anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, the NC11 domain triggered the generation of tubular-like net structures on laminin-rich matrix in contrast to mock-GFP control cells and cells expressing full-length collagen XVI. Taqman® quantitative PCR and diaminobenzidine staining in 2D- and 3D cell culture revealed a significantly increased gene and protein expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and uPAR in recombinant NC11-GFP-expressing cells. Specific VEGF receptor inhibition with Axitinib or fetal calf serum heat inactivation prevented formation of tubular-like net structures. Accordantly, NC11-GFP coated culture slides led to an increase of focal adhesion contact formation and the upregulation of VEGFR1 and uPAR in three different non-transfected OSCC cell lines. In summary, we suggest that the NC11 domain of collagen XVI is a potential biomarker for OSCC and triggers vasculogenic mimicry via upregulation of endothelial receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and uPAR in 2D- and 3D OSCC cell culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze B Bedal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg 93059, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I 93053, Regensburg, Germany and
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I 93053, Regensburg, Germany and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, University Hospital Regensburg 93059, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg 93059, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg 93059, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg 93059, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I 93053, Regensburg, Germany and
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Proteases decode the extracellular matrix cryptome. Biochimie 2015; 122:300-13. [PMID: 26382969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is comprised of 1100 core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins and of glycosaminoglycans. This structural scaffold contributes to the organization and mechanical properties of tissues and modulates cell behavior. The extracellular matrix is dynamic and undergoes constant remodeling, which leads to diseases if uncontrolled. Bioactive fragments, called matricryptins, are released from the extracellular proteins by limited proteolysis and have biological activities on their own. They regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes such as angiogenesis, cancer, diabetes, wound healing, fibrosis and infectious diseases and either improve or worsen the course of diseases depending on the matricryptins and on the molecular and biological contexts. Several protease families release matricryptins from core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins both in vitro and in vivo. The major proteases, which decrypt the extracellular matrix, are zinc metalloproteinases of the metzincin superfamily (matrixins, adamalysins and astacins), cysteine proteinases and serine proteases. Some matricryptins act as enzyme inhibitors, further connecting protease and matricryptin fates and providing intricate regulation of major physiopathological processes such as angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. They strengthen the role of the extracellular matrix as a key player in tissue failure and core-matrisome and matrisome-associated proteins as important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- UMR 5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- UMR 5086 CNRS - Université Lyon 1, 7 Passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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Wells A, Nuschke A, Yates CC. Skin tissue repair: Matrix microenvironmental influences. Matrix Biol 2015; 49:25-36. [PMID: 26278492 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The process of repair of wounded skin involves intricate orchestration not only between the epidermal and dermal compartments but also between the resident and immigrant cells and the local microenvironment. Only now are we beginning to appreciate the complex roles played by the matrix in directing the outcome of the repair processes, and how this impacts the signals from the various cells. Recent findings speak of dynamic and reciprocal interactions that occurs among the matrix, growth factors, and cells that underlies this integrated process. Further confounding this integration are the physiologic and pathologic situations that directly alter the matrix to impart at least part of the dysrepair that occurs. These topics will be discussed with a call for innovative model systems of direct relevance to the human situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
| | - Austin Nuschke
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Cecelia C Yates
- Department of Health Development and Promotion, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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Wagner M, Wiig H. Tumor Interstitial Fluid Formation, Characterization, and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2015; 5:115. [PMID: 26075182 PMCID: PMC4443729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interstitium, situated between the blood and lymph vessels and the cells, consists of a solid or matrix phase and a fluid phase representing the tissue microenvironment. In the present review, we focus on the interstitial fluid phase of solid tumors, the tumor interstitial fluid (TIF), i.e., the fluid bathing the tumor and stroma cells, also including immune cells. This is a component of the internal milieu of a solid tumor that has attracted regained attention. Access to this space may provide important insight into tumor development and therapy response. TIF is formed by transcapillary filtration, and since this fluid is not readily available we discuss available techniques for TIF isolation, results from subsequent characterization and implications of recent findings with respect to fluid filtration and uptake of macromolecular therapeutic agents. There appear to be local gradients in signaling substances from neoplastic tissue to plasma that may provide new understanding of tumor biology. The development of sensitive proteomic technologies has made TIF a valuable source for tumor specific proteins and biomarker candidates. Potential biomarkers will appear locally in high concentrations in tumors and may eventually be found diluted in the plasma. Access to TIF that reliably reflects the local tumor microenvironment enables identification of substances that can be used in early detection and monitoring of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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Ca2+ signaling in cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, and cancer metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:409245. [PMID: 25977921 PMCID: PMC4421034 DOI: 10.1155/2015/409245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proper control of Ca2+ signaling is mandatory for effective cell migration, which is critical for embryonic development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. However, how Ca2+ coordinates structural components and signaling molecules for proper cell motility had remained elusive. With the advance of fluorescent live-cell Ca2+ imaging in recent years, we gradually understand how Ca2+ is regulated spatially and temporally in migrating cells, driving polarization, protrusion, retraction, and adhesion at the right place and right time. Here we give an overview about how cells create local Ca2+ pulses near the leading edge, maintain cytosolic Ca2+ gradient from back to front, and restore Ca2+ depletion for persistent cell motility. Differential roles of Ca2+ in regulating various effectors and the interaction of roles of Ca2+ signaling with other pathways during migration are also discussed. Such information might suggest a new direction to control cancer metastasis by manipulating Ca2+ and its associating signaling molecules in a judicious manner.
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Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Oncosuppressive functions of decorin. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e975645. [PMID: 27308453 PMCID: PMC4905288 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is rapidly emerging as a prominent contributor to various fundamental processes of tumorigenesis. In particular, decorin, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, is assuming a central role as a potent soluble tumor repressor. Decorin binds and antagonizes various receptor tyrosine kinases and inhibits downstream oncogenic signaling in several solid tumors. Among other functions, decorin evokes cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic programs. Recent work has revealed a paradigmatic shift in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its tumoricidal properties. Decorin adversely compromises the genetic signature of the tumor microenvironment and induces endothelial cell autophagy downstream of VEGFR2. Moreover, decorin selectively evokes destruction of tumor cell mitochondria downstream of Met through mitophagy. Acting as a partial agonist, decorin signals via proautophagic receptors and triggers procatabolic processes that parallel the classical tumoricidal properties of this multifaceted proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology; Anatomy and Cell Biology; and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program; Kimmel Cancer Center ; Thomas Jefferson University ; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology; Goethe University ; Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology; Anatomy and Cell Biology; and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program; Kimmel Cancer Center ; Thomas Jefferson University ; Philadelphia, PA USA
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Polarization of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase delineates a transition to high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm lesions. Pancreas 2014; 43:1256-63. [PMID: 25072283 PMCID: PMC4519037 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A functional vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase (v-ATPase) complex regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The goal of this study was to identify the distribution of the v-ATPase in human and murine models of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) and assess its role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. METHODS We evaluated the immunolabeling pattern of the v-ATPase in human PanIN specimens and murine PanIN-1 and PanIN-2 lesions obtained from Ptf1a(Cre/+); LSL-Kras(G12D) mice. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was interrogated in primary PanIN cells by examining the phosphorylated levels of its surface coreceptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), and its intracellular effector, nonphosphorylated β-catenin. The response of primary PanIN cells to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was assessed in the absence and presence of the v-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin. RESULTS In advanced (PanIN-2), but not early (PanIN-1), lesions, the v-ATPase assumed a polarized phenotype. Blocking the v-ATPase disrupted Wnt/β-catenin signaling in primary PanIN cells despite significantly higher levels of the total and activated Wnt cell surface coreceptor, LRP6. Vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase blockade significantly decreased the total and activated levels of EGF receptor, a determinant of PanIN progression. The activation of EGF receptor and its intracellular mediator, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, was also reduced by v-ATPase blockade. This led to diminished proliferation in response to EGF ligand. CONCLUSIONS The v-ATPase regulates Wnt/β-catenin and EGF receptor signaling in PanINs.
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Shao H, Li S, Watkins SC, Wells A. α-Actinin-4 is required for amoeboid-type invasiveness of melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32717-28. [PMID: 25296750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Actinin-4 (ACTN4), a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, is up-regulated in melanoma, though its role in melanoma remains speculative. We have discovered that in WM1158, a highly aggressive melanoma cell line, down-regulation of ACTN4 by shRNA induces a collagen I-dependent amoeboidal-to-mesenchymal transition. Re-expression of low levels of WT ACTN4 but not similar expression levels of ACTN1 successfully restores the amoeboidal morphology and limits collagen I gel compaction. A truncated ACTN4 mutant 1-890, which lacks the C-terminal tail, fails to rescue the amoeboidal morphology and to compact collagen I gel. Interestingly, in three-dimensional collagen I gels, ACTN4 KD cells are more polarized compared with cells in which scrambled shRNA is expressed. Surprisingly, ACTN4 KD cells migrate faster than the ones expressing the scrambled shRNA on a collagen I gel (two-dimensional) although these two cell lines migrate similarly on tissue culture. Most importantly, down-regulation of ACTN4 significantly reduced invasion of WM1158 cells into the three-dimensional collagen I gel, a representative of the dermis. Taken together, these findings suggest that ACTN4 plays an important role in maintaining the amoeboidal morphology of invasive melanoma and thus promoting dissemination through collagen-rich matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaoyan Li
- Shady Side Academy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238, and
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Cell Biology and Physiology, and McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Alan Wells
- From the Departments of Pathology and the Laboratory and Pathology Service, Pittsburgh Veterans Affairs Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Instructive roles of extracellular matrix on autophagy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2146-53. [PMID: 24976620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an essential role in maintaining an intricate balance between nutrient demands and energetic requirements during normal homeostasis. Autophagy recycles metabolic substrates from nonspecific bulk degradation of proteins and excess or damaged organelles. Recent work posits an active and dynamic signaling role for extracellular matrix-evoked autophagic regulation, that is, allosteric and independent of prevailing nutrient conditions. Several candidates, representing a diverse repertoire of matrix constituents (decorin, collagen VI, laminin α2, endostatin, endorepellin, and kringle V), can modulate autophagic signaling pathways. Importantly, a novel principle indicates that matrix constituents can differentially modulate autophagic induction and repression via interaction with specific receptors. Most of the matrix-derived factors described here appear to control autophagy in a canonical manner but independent of nutrient deprivation. Because the molecular composition and structure of the extracellular matrix are dynamically remodeled during various physiological and pathological conditions, we propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is key for maintaining proper tissue homeostasis and disease prevention, such as cancer progression and muscular dystrophies.
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