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Lai JZ, Lin CY, Chen SJ, Cheng YM, Abe M, Lin TC, Chien FC. Temporal-Focusing Multiphoton Excitation Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy Using Spontaneously Blinking Fluorophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404942. [PMID: 38641901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) based on temporal-focusing multiphoton excitation (TFMPE) and single-wavelength excitation is used to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of spontaneously blinking fluorophore-labeled subcellular structures in a thick specimen with a nanoscale-level spatial resolution. To eliminate the photobleaching effect of unlocalized molecules in out-of-focus regions for improving the utilization rate of the photon budget in 3D SMLM imaging, SMLM with single-wavelength TFMPE achieves wide-field and axially confined two-photon excitation (TPE) of spontaneously blinking fluorophores. TPE spectral measurement of blinking fluorophores is then conducted through TFMPE imaging at a tunable excitation wavelength, yielding the optimal TPE wavelength for increasing the number of detected photons from a single blinking event during SMLM. Subsequently, the TPE fluorescence of blinking fluorophores is recorded to obtain a two-dimensional TFMPE-SMLM image of the microtubules in cancer cells with a localization precision of 18±6 nm and an overall imaging resolution of approximately 51 nm, which is estimated based on the contribution of Nyquist resolution and localization precision. Combined with astigmatic imaging, the system is capable of 3D TFMPE-SMLM imaging of brain tissue section of a 5XFAD transgenic mouse with the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease, revealing the distribution of neurotoxic amyloid-beta peptide deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zong Lai
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.301, Sec.2, Gaofa 3rd Rd., Guiren Dist., Tainan City, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.301, Sec.2, Gaofa 3rd Rd., Guiren Dist., Tainan City, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Cheng
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tzu-Chau Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ching Chien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli Dist., Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
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2
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Sortino R, Cunquero M, Castro-Olvera G, Gelabert R, Moreno M, Riefolo F, Matera C, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Agnetta L, Decker M, Lluch JM, Hernando J, Loza-Alvarez P, Gorostiza P. Three-Photon Infrared Stimulation of Endogenous Neuroreceptors in Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311181. [PMID: 37823736 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
To interrogate neural circuits and crack their codes, in vivo brain activity imaging must be combined with spatiotemporally precise stimulation in three dimensions using genetic or pharmacological specificity. This challenge requires deep penetration and focusing as provided by infrared light and multiphoton excitation, and has promoted two-photon photopharmacology and optogenetics. However, three-photon brain stimulation in vivo remains to be demonstrated. We report the regulation of neuronal activity in zebrafish larvae by three-photon excitation of a photoswitchable muscarinic agonist at 50 pM, a billion-fold lower concentration than used for uncaging, and with mid-infrared light of 1560 nm, the longest reported photoswitch wavelength. Robust, physiologically relevant photoresponses allow modulating brain activity in wild-type animals with spatiotemporal and pharmacological precision. Computational calculations predict that azobenzene-based ligands have high three-photon absorption cross-section and can be used directly with pulsed infrared light. The expansion of three-photon pharmacology will deeply impact basic neurobiology and neuromodulation phototherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Sortino
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Cunquero
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Gustavo Castro-Olvera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ricard Gelabert
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Moreno
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Fabio Riefolo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Current address: Teamit Institute, Partnerships, Barcelona Health Hub, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Matera
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la, Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Luca Agnetta
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Astratov VN, Sahel YB, Eldar YC, Huang L, Ozcan A, Zheludev N, Zhao J, Burns Z, Liu Z, Narimanov E, Goswami N, Popescu G, Pfitzner E, Kukura P, Hsiao YT, Hsieh CL, Abbey B, Diaspro A, LeGratiet A, Bianchini P, Shaked NT, Simon B, Verrier N, Debailleul M, Haeberlé O, Wang S, Liu M, Bai Y, Cheng JX, Kariman BS, Fujita K, Sinvani M, Zalevsky Z, Li X, Huang GJ, Chu SW, Tzang O, Hershkovitz D, Cheshnovsky O, Huttunen MJ, Stanciu SG, Smolyaninova VN, Smolyaninov II, Leonhardt U, Sahebdivan S, Wang Z, Luk’yanchuk B, Wu L, Maslov AV, Jin B, Simovski CR, Perrin S, Montgomery P, Lecler S. Roadmap on Label-Free Super-Resolution Imaging. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2023; 17:2200029. [PMID: 38883699 PMCID: PMC11178318 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Label-free super-resolution (LFSR) imaging relies on light-scattering processes in nanoscale objects without a need for fluorescent (FL) staining required in super-resolved FL microscopy. The objectives of this Roadmap are to present a comprehensive vision of the developments, the state-of-the-art in this field, and to discuss the resolution boundaries and hurdles which need to be overcome to break the classical diffraction limit of the LFSR imaging. The scope of this Roadmap spans from the advanced interference detection techniques, where the diffraction-limited lateral resolution is combined with unsurpassed axial and temporal resolution, to techniques with true lateral super-resolution capability which are based on understanding resolution as an information science problem, on using novel structured illumination, near-field scanning, and nonlinear optics approaches, and on designing superlenses based on nanoplasmonics, metamaterials, transformation optics, and microsphere-assisted approaches. To this end, this Roadmap brings under the same umbrella researchers from the physics and biomedical optics communities in which such studies have often been developing separately. The ultimate intent of this paper is to create a vision for the current and future developments of LFSR imaging based on its physical mechanisms and to create a great opening for the series of articles in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Yair Ben Sahel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yonina C. Eldar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Luzhe Huang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Nikolay Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zachary Burns
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Material Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Evgenii Narimanov
- School of Electrical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Neha Goswami
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Quantitative Light Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emanuel Pfitzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Hsiao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica 1, Roosevelt Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Brian Abbey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aymeric LeGratiet
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-22305 Lannion, France
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Natan T. Shaked
- Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Bertrand Simon
- LP2N, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS UMR 5298, Université de Bordeaux, Talence France
| | - Nicolas Verrier
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Olivier Haeberlé
- IRIMAS UR UHA 7499, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, China
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Yeran Bai
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Boston University Photonics Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Behjat S. Kariman
- Optical Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, CHT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Enrico Melen 83B, 16152 Genoa, Italy
- DIFILAB, Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics and the Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory (AIST); and the Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moshe Sinvani
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Faculty of Engineering and the Nano-Technology Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900 Israel
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guan-Jie Huang
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Chu
- Department of Physics and Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Omer Tzang
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dror Hershkovitz
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Center for Light matter Interactions, and the Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mikko J. Huttunen
- Laboratory of Photonics, Physics Unit, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy – Microanalysis and Information Processing, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vera N. Smolyaninova
- Department of Physics Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - Igor I. Smolyaninov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ulf Leonhardt
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sahar Sahebdivan
- EMTensor GmbH, TechGate, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Wien, Austria
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 1UT, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Luk’yanchuk
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexey V. Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - Boya Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223-0001, USA
| | - Constantin R. Simovski
- Department of Electronics and Nano-Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 199034, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stephane Perrin
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Montgomery
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Lecler
- ICube Research Institute, University of Strasbourg - CNRS - INSA de Strasbourg, 300 Bd. Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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4
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Piatkevich KD, Boyden ES. Optogenetic control of neural activity: The biophysics of microbial rhodopsins in neuroscience. Q Rev Biophys 2023; 57:e1. [PMID: 37831008 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583523000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics, the use of microbial rhodopsins to make the electrical activity of targeted neurons controllable by light, has swept through neuroscience, enabling thousands of scientists to study how specific neuron types contribute to behaviors and pathologies, and how they might serve as novel therapeutic targets. By activating a set of neurons, one can probe what functions they can initiate or sustain, and by silencing a set of neurons, one can probe the functions they are necessary for. We here review the biophysics of these molecules, asking why they became so useful in neuroscience for the study of brain circuitry. We review the history of the field, including early thinking, early experiments, applications of optogenetics, pre-optogenetics targeted neural control tools, and the history of discovering and characterizing microbial rhodopsins. We then review the biophysical attributes of rhodopsins that make them so useful to neuroscience - their classes and structure, their photocycles, their photocurrent magnitudes and kinetics, their action spectra, and their ion selectivity. Our hope is to convey to the reader how specific biophysical properties of these molecules made them especially useful to neuroscientists for a difficult problem - the control of high-speed electrical activity, with great precision and ease, in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiryl D Piatkevich
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute and Koch Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics and Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Wijethilake N, Anandakumar M, Zheng C, So PTC, Yildirim M, Wadduwage DN. DEEP-squared: deep learning powered De-scattering with Excitation Patterning. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:228. [PMID: 37704619 PMCID: PMC10499829 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Limited throughput is a key challenge in in vivo deep tissue imaging using nonlinear optical microscopy. Point scanning multiphoton microscopy, the current gold standard, is slow especially compared to the widefield imaging modalities used for optically cleared or thin specimens. We recently introduced "De-scattering with Excitation Patterning" or "DEEP" as a widefield alternative to point-scanning geometries. Using patterned multiphoton excitation, DEEP encodes spatial information inside tissue before scattering. However, to de-scatter at typical depths, hundreds of such patterned excitations were needed. In this work, we present DEEP2, a deep learning-based model that can de-scatter images from just tens of patterned excitations instead of hundreds. Consequently, we improve DEEP's throughput by almost an order of magnitude. We demonstrate our method in multiple numerical and experimental imaging studies, including in vivo cortical vasculature imaging up to 4 scattering lengths deep in live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navodini Wijethilake
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Mithunjha Anandakumar
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dushan N Wadduwage
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Panahiyan S, Muñoz CS, Chekhova MV, Schlawin F. Nonlinear Interferometry for Quantum-Enhanced Measurements of Multiphoton Absorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:203604. [PMID: 37267533 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.203604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption is of vital importance in many spectroscopic, microscopic, or lithographic applications. However, given that it is an inherently weak process, the detection of multiphoton absorption signals typically requires large field intensities, hindering its applicability in many practical situations. In this Letter, we show that placing a multiphoton absorbent inside an imbalanced nonlinear interferometer can enhance the precision of multiphoton cross section estimation with respect to strategies based on photon-number measurements using coherent or even squeezed light directly transmitted through the medium. In particular, the power scaling of the sensitivity with photon flux can be increased by 1 order compared with transmission measurements of the sample with coherent light, such that the measurement precision at any given intensity can be greatly enhanced. Furthermore, we show that this enhanced measurement precision is robust against experimental imperfections leading to photon losses, which usually tend to degrade the detection sensitivity. We trace the origin of this enhancement to an optimal degree of squeezing which has to be generated in a nonlinear SU(1,1) interferometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Panahiyan
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Sánchez Muñoz
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstraße 2, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstraße 7/B2, Erlangen D-91058, Germany
| | - Frank Schlawin
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg D-22761, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Xiao Y, Deng P, Zhao Y, Yang S, Li B. Three-photon excited fluorescence imaging in neuroscience: From principles to applications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1085682. [PMID: 36891460 PMCID: PMC9986337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1085682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of three-photon microscopy (3PM) has greatly expanded the capability of imaging deep within biological tissues, enabling neuroscientists to visualize the structure and activity of neuronal populations with greater depth than two-photon imaging. In this review, we outline the history and physical principles of 3PM technology. We cover the current techniques for improving the performance of 3PM. Furthermore, we summarize the imaging applications of 3PM for various brain regions and species. Finally, we discuss the future of 3PM applications for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Ministry of Education (MOE), Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
In this series of papers on light microscopy imaging, we have covered the fundamentals of microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and lightsheet microscopy. This last review covers multi-photon microscopy with a brief reference to intravital imaging and Brainbow labeling. Multi-photon microscopy is often referred to as two-photon microscopy. Indeed, using two-photon microscopy is by far the most common way of imaging thick tissues; however, it is theoretically possible to use a higher number of photons, and three-photon microscopy is possible. Therefore, this review is titled "multi-photon microscopy." Another term for describing multi-photon microscopy is "non-linear" microscopy because fluorescence intensity at the focal spot depends upon the average squared intensity rather than the squared average intensity; hence, non-linear optics (NLO) is an alternative name for multi-photon microscopy. It is this non-linear relationship (or third exponential power in the case of three-photon excitation) that determines the axial optical sectioning capability of multi-photon imaging. In this paper, the necessity for two-photon or multi-photon imaging is explained, and the method of optical sectioning by multi-photon microscopy is described. Advice is also given on what fluorescent markers to use and other practical aspects of imaging thick tissues. The technique of Brainbow imaging is discussed. The review concludes with a description of intravital imaging of the mouse. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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9
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Pochechuev MS, Bilan DS, Fedotov IV, Kelmanson IV, Solotenkov MA, Stepanov EA, Kotova DA, Ivanova AD, Kostyuk AI, Raevskii RI, Lanin AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Real-time fiber-optic recording of acute-ischemic-stroke signatures. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200050. [PMID: 35654757 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental framework and methodology for in vivo studies on rat stroke models that enable a real-time fiber-optic recording of stroke-induced hydrogen peroxide and pH transients in ischemia-affected brain areas. Arrays of reconnectable implantable fiber probes combined with advanced optogenetic fluorescent protein sensors are shown to enable a quantitative multisite time-resolved study of oxidative-stress and acidosis buildup dynamics as the key markers, correlates and possible drivers of ischemic stroke. The fiber probes designed for this work provide a wavelength-multiplex forward-propagation channel for a spatially localized, dual-pathway excitation of genetically encoded fluorescence-protein sensors along with a back-propagation channel for the fluorescence return from optically driven fluorescence sensors. We show that the spectral analysis of the fiber-probe-collected fluorescence return provides means for a high-fidelity autofluorescence background subtraction, thus enhancing the sensitivity of real-time detection of stroke-induced transients and significantly reducing measurement uncertainties in in vivo acute-stroke studies as inherently statistical experiments operating with outcomes of multiply repeated measurements on large populations of individually variable animal stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Fedotov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim A Solotenkov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Stepanov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra D Ivanova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I Kostyuk
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman I Raevskii
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Lanin
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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10
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Zhang H, Fu P, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Zhu L, Wang M, Abdellah M, He M, Qian J, Roe AW, Xi W. Large-depth three-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging of cortical microvasculature on nonhuman primates with bright AIE probe In vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121809. [PMID: 36166895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy has been a powerful tool in brain research, three-photon fluorescence microscopy is increasingly becoming an emerging technique for neurological research of the cortex in depth. Nonhuman primates play important roles in the study of brain science because of their neural and vascular similarity to humans. However, there are few research results of three-photon fluorescence microscopy on the brain of nonhuman primates due to the lack of optimized imaging systems and excellent fluorescent probes. Here we introduced a bright aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe with excellent three-photon fluorescence efficiency as well as facile synthesis process and we validated its biocompatibility in the macaque monkey. We achieved a large-depth vascular imaging of approximately 1 mm in the cerebral cortex of macaque monkey with our lab-modified three-photon fluorescence microscopy system and the AIE probe. Functional measurement of blood velocity in deep cortex capillaries was also performed. Furthermore, the comparison of cortical deep vascular structure parameters across species was presented on the monkey and mouse cortex. This work is the first in vivo three-photon fluorescence microscopic imaging research on the macaque monkey cortex reaching the imaging depth of ∼1 mm with the bright AIE probe. The results demonstrate the potential of three-photon microscopy as primate-compatible method for imaging fine vascular networks and will advance our understanding of vascular function in normal and disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hequn Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project (BBP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mubin He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Anna Wang Roe
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wang Xi
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology (ZIINT), Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China; MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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11
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Emiliani V, Entcheva E, Hedrich R, Hegemann P, Konrad KR, Lüscher C, Mahn M, Pan ZH, Sims RR, Vierock J, Yizhar O. Optogenetics for light control of biological systems. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:55. [PMID: 37933248 PMCID: PMC10627578 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and light. Optogenetics employs natural and engineered photoreceptors, mostly of microbial origin, to be genetically introduced into the cells of interest. As a result, cells that are naturally light-insensitive can be made photosensitive and addressable by illumination and precisely controllable in time and space. The selectivity of expression and subcellular targeting in the host is enabled by applying control elements such as promoters, enhancers and specific targeting sequences to the employed photoreceptor-encoding DNA. This powerful approach allows precise characterization and manipulation of cellular functions and has motivated the development of advanced optical methods for patterned photostimulation. Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience during the past 15 years and is primed to have a similar impact in other fields, including cardiology, cell biology and plant sciences. In this Primer, we describe the principles of optogenetics, review the most commonly used optogenetic tools, illumination approaches and scientific applications and discuss the possibilities and limitations associated with optogenetic manipulations across a wide variety of optical techniques, cells, circuits and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai R. Konrad
- Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lüscher
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Mahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhuo-Hua Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ruth R. Sims
- Wavefront Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Vierock
- Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Neuroscience Research Center, Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Departments of Brain Sciences and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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12
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Lühder TAK, Chemnitz M, Schneidewind H, Schartner EP, Ebendorff‐Heidepriem H, Schmidt MA. Tailored Multi-Color Dispersive Wave Formation in Quasi-Phase-Matched Exposed Core Fibers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103864. [PMID: 35038237 PMCID: PMC8922130 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Widely wavelength-tunable femtosecond light sources in a compact, robust footprint play a central role in many prolific research fields and technologies, including medical diagnostics, biophotonics, and metrology. Fiber lasers are on the verge in the development of such sources, yet widespan spectral tunability of femtosecond pulses remains a pivotal challenge. Dispersive wave generation, also known as Cherenkov radiation, offers untapped potentials to serve these demands. In this work, the concept of quasi-phase matching for multi-order dispersive wave formation with record-high spectral fidelity and femtosecond durations is exploited in selected, partially conventionally unreachable spectral regions. Versatile patterned sputtering is utilized to realize height-modulated high-index nano-films on exposed fiber cores to alter fiber dispersion to an unprecedented degree through spatially localized, induced resonances. Nonlinear optical experiments and simulations, as well as phase-mismatching considerations based on an effective dispersion, confirm the conversion process and reveal unique emission features, such as almost power-independent wavelength stability and femtosecond duration. This resonance-empowered approach is applicable to both fiber and on-chip photonic systems and paves the way to instrumentalize dispersive wave generation as a unique tool for efficient, coherent femtosecond multi-frequency conversion for applications in areas such as bioanalytics, life science, quantum technology, or metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman A. K. Lühder
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert‐Einstein‐Str. 9Jena07745Germany
| | - Mario Chemnitz
- Institut National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCentre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications1650 Boulevard Lionel‐BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Henrik Schneidewind
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert‐Einstein‐Str. 9Jena07745Germany
| | - Erik P. Schartner
- School of Physical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
| | - Heike Ebendorff‐Heidepriem
- School of Physical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA5005Australia
| | - Markus A. Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert‐Einstein‐Str. 9Jena07745Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Material ResearchFraunhoferstr. 6Jena07743Germany
- Abbe School of Photonics and Physics FacultyFriedrich Schiller UniversityJena07743Germany
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13
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Bakker GJ, Weischer S, Ferrer Ortas J, Heidelin J, Andresen V, Beutler M, Beaurepaire E, Friedl P. Intravital deep-tumor single-beam 3-photon, 4-photon, and harmonic microscopy. eLife 2022; 11:e63776. [PMID: 35166669 PMCID: PMC8849342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-photon excitation has recently been demonstrated as an effective method to perform intravital microscopy in deep, previously inaccessible regions of the mouse brain. The applicability of 3-photon excitation for deep imaging of other, more heterogeneous tissue types has been much less explored. In this work, we analyze the benefit of high-pulse-energy 1 MHz pulse-repetition-rate infrared excitation near 1300 and 1700 nm for in-depth imaging of tumorous and bone tissue. We show that this excitation regime provides a more than 2-fold increased imaging depth in tumor and bone tissue compared to the illumination conditions commonly used in 2-photon excitation, due to improved excitation confinement and reduced scattering. We also show that simultaneous 3- and 4-photon processes can be effectively induced with a single laser line, enabling the combined detection of blue to far-red fluorescence together with second and third harmonic generation without chromatic aberration, at excitation intensities compatible with live tissue imaging. Finally, we analyze photoperturbation thresholds in this excitation regime and derive setpoints for safe cell imaging. Together, these results indicate that infrared high-pulse-energy low-repetition-rate excitation opens novel perspectives for intravital deep-tissue microscopy of multiple parameters in strongly scattering tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Sarah Weischer
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Júlia Ferrer Ortas
- Laboratory for Optics & Biosciences École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERMParisFrance
| | - Judith Heidelin
- LaVision BioTec GmbH, a Miltenyi Biotec companyBielefeldGermany
| | - Volker Andresen
- LaVision BioTec GmbH, a Miltenyi Biotec companyBielefeldGermany
| | | | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics & Biosciences École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERMParisFrance
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CentreNijmegenNetherlands
- Cancer Genomics CentreUtrechtNetherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonUnited States
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14
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Compressed sensing in fluorescence microscopy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 168:66-80. [PMID: 34153330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compressed sensing (CS) is a signal processing approach that solves ill-posed inverse problems, from under-sampled data with respect to the Nyquist criterium. CS exploits sparsity constraints based on the knowledge of prior information, relative to the structure of the object in the spatial or other domains. It is commonly used in image and video compression as well as in scientific and medical applications, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the field of fluorescence microscopy, it has been demonstrated to be valuable for fast and high-resolution imaging, from single-molecule localization, super-resolution to light-sheet microscopy. Furthermore, CS has found remarkable applications in the field of mesoscopic imaging, facilitating the study of small animals' organs and entire organisms. This review article illustrates the working principles of CS, its implementations in optical imaging and discusses several relevant uses of CS in the field of fluorescence imaging from super-resolution microscopy to mesoscopy.
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15
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Pallen S, Shetty Y, Das S, Vaz JM, Mazumder N. Advances in nonlinear optical microscopy techniques for in vivo and in vitro neuroimaging. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1199-1217. [PMID: 35047093 PMCID: PMC8724370 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of the brain via optical microscopy is one of the challenges in neuroimaging, considering the complex structures. Advanced neuroimaging techniques provide a more comprehensive insight into patho-mechanisms of brain disorders, which is useful in the early diagnosis of the pathological and physiological changes associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in optical microscopy techniques have evolved powerful tools to overcome scattering of light and provide improved in vivo neuroimaging with sub-cellular resolution, endogenous contrast specificity, pinhole less optical sectioning capability, high penetration depth, and so on. The following article reviews the developments in various optical imaging techniques including two-photon and three-photon fluorescence, second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, and stimulated Raman scattering in neuroimaging. We have outlined the potentials and drawbacks of these techniques and their possible applications in the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sparsha Pallen
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Yuthika Shetty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Subir Das
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Joel Markus Vaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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16
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Adesnik H, Abdeladim L. Probing neural codes with two-photon holographic optogenetics. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1356-1366. [PMID: 34400843 PMCID: PMC9793863 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function. Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial resolution activation schemes that limit the types of perturbations that can be made. However, neural activity manipulations at finer spatial scales are likely to be important to more fully understand neural computation. Spatially precise multiphoton holographic optogenetics promises to address this challenge and opens up many new classes of experiments that were not previously possible. More specifically, by offering the ability to recreate extremely specific neural activity patterns in both space and time in functionally defined ensembles of neurons, multiphoton holographic optogenetics could allow neuroscientists to reveal fundamental aspects of the neural codes for sensation, cognition and behavior that have been beyond reach. This Review summarizes recent advances in multiphoton holographic optogenetics that substantially expand its capabilities, highlights outstanding technical challenges and provides an overview of the classes of experiments it can execute to test and validate key theoretical models of brain function. Multiphoton holographic optogenetics could substantially accelerate the pace of neuroscience discovery by helping to close the loop between experimental and theoretical neuroscience, leading to fundamental new insights into nervous system function and disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Lamiae Abdeladim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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17
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Zheng C, Park JK, Yildirim M, Boivin JR, Xue Y, Sur M, So PTC, Wadduwage DN. De-scattering with Excitation Patterning enables rapid wide-field imaging through scattering media. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eaay5496. [PMID: 34233883 PMCID: PMC8262816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy has enabled in vivo deep tissue imaging on the millimeter scale. A key unmet challenge is its limited throughput especially compared to rapid wide-field modalities that are used ubiquitously in thin specimens. Wide-field imaging methods in tissue specimens have found successes in optically cleared tissues and at shallower depths, but the scattering of emission photons in thick turbid samples severely degrades image quality at the camera. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel technique called De-scattering with Excitation Patterning or "DEEP," which uses patterned nonlinear excitation followed by computational imaging-assisted wide-field detection. Multiphoton temporal focusing allows high-resolution excitation patterns to be projected deep inside specimen at multiple scattering lengths due to the use of long wavelength light. Computational reconstruction allows high-resolution structural features to be reconstructed from tens to hundreds of DEEP images instead of millions of point-scanning measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jong Kang Park
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- ASML, Wilton, CT 06897, USA
| | - Murat Yildirim
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Josiah R Boivin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yi Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Deptartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 558 Cory Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mriganka Sur
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dushan N Wadduwage
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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18
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Yang W, Yuste R. Holographic Imaging and Stimulation of Neural Circuits. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1293:613-639. [PMID: 33398846 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical neuroscience challenge is the need to optically image and manipulate neural activity with high spatiotemporal resolution over large brain volumes. The last three decades have seen the development of calcium imaging to record activity from neuronal populations, as well as optochemistry and optogenetics to optically manipulate neural activity. These methods are typically implemented with wide-field or laser-scanning microscopes. While the former approach has a good temporal resolution, it generally lacks spatial resolution or specificity, particularly in scattering tissues such as the nervous system; meanwhile, the latter approach, particularly when combined with two-photon excitation, has high spatial resolution and specificity but poor temporal resolution. As a new technique, holographic microscopy combines the advantages of both approaches. By projecting a holographic pattern on the brain through a spatial light modulator, the activity of specific groups of neurons in 3D brain volumes can be imaged or stimulated with high spatiotemporal resolution. In a combination of other techniques such as fast scanning or temporal focusing, this high spatiotemporal resolution can be further improved. Holographic microscopy enables all-optical interrogating of neural activity in 3D, a critical tool to dissect the function of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, San Sebastian, Spain
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19
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Zhuang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Dai Q. Photobleaching Imprinting Enhanced Background Rejection in Line-Scanning Temporal Focusing Microscopy. Front Chem 2021; 8:618131. [PMID: 33392156 PMCID: PMC7773834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.618131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, two-photon temporal focusing microscopy (2pTFM) provides a parallel high-speed imaging strategy with optical sectioning capability. Owing to out-of-focus fluorescence induced by scattering, 2pTFM suffers deteriorated signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for deep imaging in turbid tissue, Here, we utilized the photobleaching property of fluorophore to eliminate out-of-focus fluorescence. According to different decay rates in different focal depth, we extract the in-focus signals out of backgrounds through time-lapse images. We analyzed the theoretical foundations of photobleaching imprinting of the line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy, simulated implementation for background rejection, and demonstrated the contrast enhancement in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and cleared Thy1-YFP mouse brains. More than 50% of total background light rejection was achieved, providing higher SBR images of the MCF-10A samples and mouse brains. The photobleaching imprinting method can be easily adapted to other fluorescence dyes or proteins, which may have application in studies involving relatively large and nontransparent organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing, China
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20
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Lenton ICD, Scott EK, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Favre-Bulle IA. Optical Tweezers Exploring Neuroscience. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:602797. [PMID: 33330435 PMCID: PMC7732537 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, optical tweezers (OT) have been increasingly used in neuroscience for studies of molecules and neuronal dynamics, as well as for the study of model organisms as a whole. Compared to other areas of biology, it has taken much longer for OT to become an established tool in neuroscience. This is, in part, due to the complexity of the brain and the inherent difficulties in trapping individual molecules or manipulating cells located deep within biological tissue. Recent advances in OT, as well as parallel developments in imaging and adaptive optics, have significantly extended the capabilities of OT. In this review, we describe how OT became an established tool in neuroscience and we elaborate on possible future directions for the field. Rather than covering all applications of OT to neurons or related proteins and molecules, we focus our discussions on studies that provide crucial information to neuroscience, such as neuron dynamics, growth, and communication, as these studies have revealed meaningful information and provide direction for the field into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac C. D. Lenton
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan K. Scott
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Itia A. Favre-Bulle
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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21
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Quicke P, Howe CL, Song P, Jadan HV, Song C, Knöpfel T, Neil M, Dragotti PL, Schultz SR, Foust AJ. Subcellular resolution three-dimensional light-field imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035006. [PMID: 32904628 PMCID: PMC7456658 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and light efficient volume imaging at fast frame rates. Voltage imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) stands to particularly benefit from LFM's volumetric imaging capability due to high required sampling rates and limited probe brightness and functional sensitivity. Aim: We demonstrate subcellular resolution GEVI light-field imaging in acute mouse brain slices resolving dendritic voltage signals in three spatial dimensions. Approach: We imaged action potential-induced fluorescence transients in mouse brain slices sparsely expressing the GEVI VSFP-Butterfly 1.2 in wide-field microscopy (WFM) and LFM modes. We compared functional signal SNR and localization between different LFM reconstruction approaches and between LFM and WFM. Results: LFM enabled three-dimensional (3-D) localization of action potential-induced fluorescence transients in neuronal somata and dendrites. Nonregularized deconvolution decreased SNR with increased iteration number compared to synthetic refocusing but increased axial and lateral signal localization. SNR was unaffected for LFM compared to WFM. Conclusions: LFM enables 3-D localization of fluorescence transients, therefore eliminating the need for structures to lie in a single focal plane. These results demonstrate LFM's potential for studying dendritic integration and action potential propagation in three spatial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quicke
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel L. Howe
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pingfan Song
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herman V. Jadan
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenchen Song
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Neil
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pier L. Dragotti
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Simon R. Schultz, E-mail: ; Amanda J. Foust, E-mail:
| | - Amanda J. Foust
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Simon R. Schultz, E-mail: ; Amanda J. Foust, E-mail:
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22
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Papagiakoumou E, Ronzitti E, Emiliani V. Scanless two-photon excitation with temporal focusing. Nat Methods 2020; 17:571-581. [PMID: 32284609 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temporal focusing, with its ability to focus light in time, enables scanless illumination of large surface areas at the sample with micrometer axial confinement and robust propagation through scattering tissue. In conventional two-photon microscopy, widely used for the investigation of intact tissue in live animals, images are formed by point scanning of a spatially focused pulsed laser beam, resulting in limited temporal resolution of the excitation. Replacing point scanning with temporally focused widefield illumination removes this limitation and represents an important milestone in two-photon microscopy. Temporal focusing uses a diffusive or dispersive optical element placed in a plane conjugate to the objective focal plane to generate position-dependent temporal pulse broadening that enables axially confined multiphoton absorption, without the need for tight spatial focusing. Many techniques have benefitted from temporal focusing, including scanless imaging, super-resolution imaging, photolithography, uncaging of caged neurotransmitters and control of neuronal activity via optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Emiliano Ronzitti
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France.
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23
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Lanin AA, Chebotarev AS, Pochechuev MS, Kelmanson IV, Kotova DA, Bilan DS, Ermakova YG, Fedotov AB, Ivanov AA, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Two- and three-photon absorption cross-section characterization for high-brightness, cell-specific multiphoton fluorescence brain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900243. [PMID: 31568649 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an accurate quantitative characterization of absolute two- and three-photon absorption (2PA and 3PA) action cross sections of a genetically encodable fluorescent marker Sypher3s. Both 2PA and 3PA action cross sections of this marker are found to be remarkably high, enabling high-brightness, cell-specific two- and three-photon fluorescence brain imaging. Brain imaging experiments on sliced samples of rat's cortical areas are presented to demonstrate these imaging modalities. The 2PA action cross section of Sypher3s is shown to be highly sensitive to the level of pH, enabling pH measurements via a ratiometric readout of the two-photon fluorescence with two laser excitation wavelengths, thus paving the way toward fast optical pH sensing in deep-tissue experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Lanin
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Artem S Chebotarev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Ivanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Photochemistry Centre, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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24
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Lanin AA, Pochechuev MS, Chebotarev AS, Kelmanson IV, Bilan DS, Kotova DA, Tarabykin VS, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Cell-specific three-photon-fluorescence brain imaging: neurons, astrocytes, and gliovascular interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:836-839. [PMID: 32058483 DOI: 10.1364/ol.45.000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present brain imaging experiments on rat cortical areas, demonstrating that, when combined with a suitable high-brightness, cell-specific genetically encoded fluorescent marker, three-photon-excited fluorescence (3PEF), enables subcellular-resolution, cell-specific 3D brain imaging that is fully compatible and readily integrable with other nonlinear-optical imaging modalities, including two-photon-fluorescence and harmonic-generation microscopy. With laser excitation provided by sub-100-fs, 1.25-µm laser pulses, cell-specific 3PEF from astrocytes and their processes detected in parallel with a three-photon-resonance-enhanced third harmonic from blood vessels is shown to enable a high-contrast 3D imaging of gliovascular interfaces.
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25
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Wang T, Wu C, Ouzounov DG, Gu W, Xia F, Kim M, Yang X, Warden MR, Xu C. Quantitative analysis of 1300-nm three-photon calcium imaging in the mouse brain. eLife 2020; 9:53205. [PMID: 31999253 PMCID: PMC7028383 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1300 nm three-photon calcium imaging has emerged as a useful technique to allow calcium imaging in deep brain regions. Application to large-scale neural activity imaging entails a careful balance between recording fidelity and perturbation to the sample. We calculated and experimentally verified the excitation pulse energy to achieve the minimum photon count required for the detection of calcium transients in GCaMP6s-expressing neurons for 920 nm two-photon and 1320 nm three-photon excitation. By considering the combined effects of in-focus signal attenuation and out-of-focus background generation, we quantified the cross-over depth beyond which three-photon microscopy outpeforms two-photon microscopy in recording fidelity. Brain tissue heating by continuous three-photon imaging was simulated with Monte Carlo method and experimentally validated with immunohistochemistry. Increased immunoreactivity was observed with 150 mW excitation power at 1 and 1.2 mm imaging depths. Our analysis presents a translatable model for the optimization of three-photon calcium imaging based on experimentally tractable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chunyan Wu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Dimitre G Ouzounov
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Fei Xia
- Meining School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Xusan Yang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Melissa R Warden
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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26
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Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Molecular Imaging in Oncology: Advanced Microscopy Techniques. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 216:533-561. [PMID: 32594398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies usually require high levels of morphological, functional, and biochemical information at subcellular resolution. This type of information cannot be obtained from clinical imaging techniques, such as MRI, PET/CT, or US. Luckily, many microscopy techniques exist that can offer this information, also for malignant tissues and therapeutic approaches. In this overview, we discuss the various advanced optical microscopy techniques and their applications in oncological research. After a short introduction in Sect. 16.1, we continue in Sect. 16.2 with a discussion on fluorescent labelling strategies, followed in Sect. 16.3 by an in-depth description of confocal, light-sheet, two-photon, and super-resolution microscopy. We end in Sect. 16.4 with a focus on the applications, specifically in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institut für Molekulare Kreislaufforschung, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institut für Molekulare Kreislaufforschung, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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27
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Lee JH, Rico-Jimenez JJ, Zhang C, Alex A, Chaney EJ, Barkalifa R, Spillman DR, Marjanovic M, Arp Z, Hood SR, Boppart SA. Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence and multi-harmonic imaging reveals in vivo structural and metabolic changes in murine skin. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5431-5444. [PMID: 31646056 PMCID: PMC6788598 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous quantification of multifarious cellular metabolites and the extracellular matrix in vivo has been long sought. Simultaneous label-free autofluorescence and multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy has achieved simultaneous four-channel nonlinear imaging to study tissue structure and metabolism. In this study, we implemented two laser systems and directly compared SLAM microscopy with conventional two-photon microscopy for in vivo imaging. We found that three-photon imaging of adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) in SLAM microscopy using our tailored laser source provided better resolution, contrast, and background suppression than conventional two-photon imaging of NAD(P)H. We also integrated fluorescence lifetime imaging with SLAM microscopy, and enabled differentiation of free and bound NAD(P)H. We imaged murine skin in vivo and showed that changes in tissue structure, cell dynamics, and metabolism can be monitored simultaneously in real-time. We also discovered an increase in metabolism and protein-bound NAD(P)H in skin cells during the early stages of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyuk Lee
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Jose J. Rico-Jimenez
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Co-first authors with equal contribution
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zane Arp
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
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28
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Zhang Y, Zhou T, Hu X, Li X, Xie H, Fang L, Kong L, Dai Q. Overcoming tissue scattering in wide-field two-photon imaging by extended detection and computational reconstruction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20117-20132. [PMID: 31510112 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared to point-scanning multiphoton microscopy, line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy (LTFM) is competitive in high imaging speed while maintaining tight axial confinement. However, considering its wide-field detection mode, LTFM suffers from shallow penetration depth as a result of the crosstalk induced by tissue scattering. In contrast to the spatial filtering based on confocal slit detection, here we propose the extended detection LTFM (ED-LTFM), the first wide-field two-photon imaging technique to extract signals from scattered photons and thus effectively extend the imaging depth. By recording a succession of line-shape excited signals in 2D and reconstructing signals under Hessian regularization, we can push the depth limitation of wide-field imaging in scattering tissues. We validate the concept with numerical simulations, and demonstrate the performance of enhanced imaging depth in in vivo imaging of mouse brains.
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29
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Wang F, Wan H, Ma Z, Zhong Y, Sun Q, Tian Y, Qu L, Du H, Zhang M, Li L, Ma H, Luo J, Liang Y, Li WJ, Hong G, Liu L, Dai H. Light-sheet microscopy in the near-infrared II window. Nat Methods 2019; 16:545-552. [PMID: 31086342 PMCID: PMC6579541 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive deep-tissue three-dimensional optical imaging of live mammals with high spatiotemporal resolution is challenging owing to light scattering. We developed near-infrared II (1,000-1,700 nm) light-sheet microscopy with excitation and emission of up to approximately 1,320 nm and 1,700 nm, respectively, for optical sectioning at a penetration depth of approximately 750 μm through live tissues without invasive surgery and at a depth of approximately 2 mm in glycerol-cleared brain tissues. Near-infrared II light-sheet microscopy in normal and oblique configurations enabled in vivo imaging of live mice through intact tissue, revealing abnormal blood flow and T-cell motion in tumor microcirculation and mapping out programmed-death ligand 1 and programmed cell death protein 1 in tumors with cellular resolution. Three-dimensional imaging through the intact mouse head resolved vascular channels between the skull and brain cortex, and allowed monitoring of recruitment of macrophages and microglia to the traumatic brain injury site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yeteng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qinchao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liangqiong Qu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haotian Du
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulin Li
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Huilong Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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30
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Padamsey Z, Tong R, Emptage N. Optical Quantal Analysis Using Ca 2+ Indicators: A Robust Method for Assessing Transmitter Release Probability at Excitatory Synapses by Imaging Single Glutamate Release Events. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:5. [PMID: 30886576 PMCID: PMC6409341 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence that presynaptic efficacy and plasticity influence circuit function and behavior in vivo, studies of presynaptic function remain challenging owing to the difficulty of assessing transmitter release in intact tissue. Electrophysiological analyses of transmitter release are indirect and cannot readily resolve basic presynaptic parameters, most notably transmitter release probability (p r), at single synapses. These issues can be circumvented by optical quantal analysis, which uses the all-or-none optical detection of transmitter release in order to calculate p r. Over the past two decades, we and others have successfully demonstrated that Ca2+ indicators can be strategically implemented to perform optical quantal analysis at single glutamatergic synapses in ex vivo and in vitro preparations. We have found that high affinity Ca2+ indicators can reliably detect spine Ca2+ influx generated by single quanta of glutamate, thereby enabling precise calculation of pr at single synapses. Importantly, we have shown this method to be robust to changes in postsynaptic efficacy, and to be sensitive to activity-dependent presynaptic changes at central synapses following the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). In this report, we describe how to use Ca2+-sensitive dyes to perform optical quantal analysis at single synapses in hippocampal slice preparations. The general technique we describe here can be applied to other glutamatergic synapses and can be used with other reporters of glutamate release, including recently improved genetically encoded Ca2+ and glutamate sensors. With ongoing developments in imaging techniques and genetically encoded probes, optical quantal analysis is a promising strategy for assessing presynaptic function and plasticity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Padamsey
- Center for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rudi Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Emptage
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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31
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Cabré G, Garrido-Charles A, Moreno M, Bosch M, Porta-de-la-Riva M, Krieg M, Gascón-Moya M, Camarero N, Gelabert R, Lluch JM, Busqué F, Hernando J, Gorostiza P, Alibés R. Rationally designed azobenzene photoswitches for efficient two-photon neuronal excitation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:907. [PMID: 30796228 PMCID: PMC6385291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of neuronal activity using two-photon excitation of azobenzene photoswitches with near-infrared light has been recently demonstrated, but their practical use in neuronal tissue to photostimulate individual neurons with three-dimensional precision has been hampered by firstly, the low efficacy and reliability of NIR-induced azobenzene photoisomerization compared to one-photon excitation, and secondly, the short cis state lifetime of the two-photon responsive azo switches. Here we report the rational design based on theoretical calculations and the synthesis of azobenzene photoswitches endowed with both high two-photon absorption cross section and slow thermal back-isomerization. These compounds provide optimized and sustained two-photon neuronal stimulation both in light-scattering brain tissue and in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, displaying photoresponse intensities that are comparable to those achieved under one-photon excitation. This finding opens the way to use both genetically targeted and pharmacologically selective azobenzene photoswitches to dissect intact neuronal circuits in three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Cabré
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Aida Garrido-Charles
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Miquel Moreno
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Miquel Bosch
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Montserrat Porta-de-la-Riva
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Michael Krieg
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
| | - Marta Gascón-Moya
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Núria Camarero
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ricard Gelabert
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - José M Lluch
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Félix Busqué
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
| | - Ramon Alibés
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain.
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32
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Mouchet SR, Verstraete C, Mara D, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Finlayson ED, Van Deun R, Deparis O, Verbiest T, Maes B, Vukusic P, Kolaric B. Nonlinear optical spectroscopy and two-photon excited fluorescence spectroscopy reveal the excited states of fluorophores embedded in a beetle's elytra. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180052. [PMID: 30603071 PMCID: PMC6304011 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon illumination by ultraviolet light, many animal species emit light through fluorescence processes arising from fluorophores embedded within their biological tissues. Fluorescence studies in living organisms are however relatively scarce and so far limited to the linear regime. Multiphoton excitation fluorescence analyses as well as nonlinear optical techniques offer unique possibilities to investigate the effects of the local environment on the excited states of fluorophores. Herein, these techniques are applied for the first time to study of the naturally controlled fluorescence in insects. The case of the male Hoplia coerulea beetle is investigated because the scales covering the beetle's elytra are known to possess an internal photonic structure with embedded fluorophores, which controls both the beetle's coloration and the fluorescence emission. An intense two-photon excitation fluorescence signal is observed, the intensity of which changes upon contact with water. A third-harmonic generation signal is also detected, the intensity of which depends on the light polarization state. The analysis of these nonlinear optical and fluorescent responses unveils the multi-excited states character of the fluorophore molecules embedded in the beetle's elytra. The role of form anisotropy in the photonic structure, which causes additional tailoring of the beetle's optical responses, is demonstrated by circularly polarized light and nonlinear optical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien R. Mouchet
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
- Department of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Verstraete
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Dimitrije Mara
- L–Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Cleuvenbergen
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ewan D. Finlayson
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Rik Van Deun
- L–Luminescent Lanthanide Lab, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deparis
- Department of Physics and Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Maes
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pete Vukusic
- School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Branko Kolaric
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
- Center for Photonics, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Old World Labs, 1357 N. Great Neck Road Suite 104, Virginia Beach, VA 23454, USA
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33
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Functional imaging of visual cortical layers and subplate in awake mice with optimized three-photon microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30635577 PMCID: PMC6329792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy is used to image neuronal activity, but has severe limitations for studying deeper cortical layers. Here, we developed a custom three-photon microscope optimized to image a vertical column of the cerebral cortex > 1 mm in depth in awake mice with low (<20 mW) average laser power. Our measurements of physiological responses and tissue-damage thresholds define pulse parameters and safety limits for damage-free three-photon imaging. We image functional visual responses of neurons expressing GCaMP6s across all layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) and in the subplate. These recordings reveal diverse visual selectivity in deep layers: layer 5 neurons are more broadly tuned to visual stimuli, whereas mean orientation selectivity of layer 6 neurons is slightly sharper, compared to neurons in other layers. Subplate neurons, located in the white matter below cortical layer 6 and characterized here for the first time, show low visual responsivity and broad orientation selectivity. Two-photon microscopy is a powerful tool for studying neuronal activity but cannot easily image deeper cortical layers. Here, the authors design a custom microscope for three-photon microscopy and use it to reveal response properties of layer 5, 6, and subplate visual cortical neurons.
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34
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Escobet-Montalbán A, Gasparoli FM, Nylk J, Liu P, Yang Z, Dholakia K. Three-photon light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5484-5487. [PMID: 30383037 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of three-photon excitation light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy in single- and two-photon modes has emerged as a powerful wide-field, low-photodamage technique for fast volumetric imaging of biological samples. We extend this imaging modality to the three-photon regime, enhancing its penetration depth. Our present study uses a conventional femtosecond pulsed laser at 1000 nm wavelength for the imaging of 450 μm diameter cellular spheroids. In addition, we show, experimentally and through numerical simulations, the potential advantages in three-photon light-sheet microscopy of using propagation-invariant Bessel beams in preference to Gaussian beams.
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35
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Escobet-Montalbán A, Spesyvtsev R, Chen M, Saber WA, Andrews M, Herrington CS, Mazilu M, Dholakia K. Wide-field multiphoton imaging through scattering media without correction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau1338. [PMID: 30333995 PMCID: PMC6184782 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical approaches to fluorescent, spectroscopic, and morphological imaging have made exceptional advances in the last decade. Super-resolution imaging and wide-field multiphoton imaging are now underpinning major advances across the biomedical sciences. While the advances have been startling, the key unmet challenge to date in all forms of optical imaging is to penetrate deeper. A number of schemes implement aberration correction or the use of complex photonics to address this need. In contrast, we approach this challenge by implementing a scheme that requires no a priori information about the medium nor its properties. Exploiting temporal focusing and single-pixel detection in our innovative scheme, we obtain wide-field two-photon images through various turbid media including a scattering phantom and tissue reaching a depth of up to seven scattering mean free path lengths. Our results show that it competes favorably with standard point-scanning two-photon imaging, with up to a fivefold improvement in signal-to-background ratio while showing significantly lower photobleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Escobet-Montalbán
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Roman Spesyvtsev
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9FT, UK
| | - Melissa Andrews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- CRUK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Michael Mazilu
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
- Corresponding author.
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36
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Del Bonis-O’Donnell JT, Chio L, Dorlhiac GF, McFarlane IR, Landry MP. Advances in Nanomaterials for Brain Microscopy. NANO RESEARCH 2018; 11:5144-5172. [PMID: 31105899 PMCID: PMC6516768 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic imaging of the brain continues to reveal details of its structure, connectivity, and function. To further improve our understanding of the emergent properties and functions of neural circuits, new methods are necessary to directly visualize the relationship between brain structure, neuron activity, and neurochemistry. Advances in engineering the chemical and optical properties of nanomaterials concurrent with developments in deep-tissue microscopy hold tremendous promise for overcoming the current challenges associated with in vivo brain imaging, particularly for imaging the brain through optically-dense brain tissue, skull, and scalp. To this end, developments in nanomaterials offer much promise toward implementing tunable chemical functionality for neurochemical targeting and sensing, and fluorescence stability for long-term imaging. In this review, we summarize current brain microscopy methods and describe the diverse classes of nanomaterials recently leveraged as contrast agents and functional probes for microscopic optical imaging of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Chio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Gabriel F Dorlhiac
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ian R McFarlane
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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37
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Pittet MJ, Garris CS, Arlauckas SP, Weissleder R. Recording the wild lives of immune cells. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaaq0491. [PMID: 30194240 PMCID: PMC6771424 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaq0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intravital microscopic imaging can uncover fundamental aspects of immune cell behavior in real time in both healthy and pathological states. Here, we discuss approaches for single-cell imaging of adaptive and innate immune cells to explore how they migrate, communicate, and mediate regulatory or effector functions in various tissues throughout the body. We further review how intravital single-cell imaging can be used to study drug effects on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher S Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean P Arlauckas
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, CPZN 5206, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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38
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Guesmi K, Abdeladim L, Tozer S, Mahou P, Kumamoto T, Jurkus K, Rigaud P, Loulier K, Dray N, Georges P, Hanna M, Livet J, Supatto W, Beaurepaire E, Druon F. Dual-color deep-tissue three-photon microscopy with a multiband infrared laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:12. [PMID: 30839589 PMCID: PMC6107000 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy combined with genetically encoded fluorescent indicators is a central tool in biology. Three-photon (3P) microscopy with excitation in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) water transparency bands at 1.3 and 1.7 µm opens up new opportunities for deep-tissue imaging. However, novel strategies are needed to enable in-depth multicolor fluorescence imaging and fully develop such an imaging approach. Here, we report on a novel multiband SWIR source that simultaneously emits ultrashort pulses at 1.3 and 1.7 µm that has characteristics optimized for 3P microscopy: sub-70 fs duration, 1.25 MHz repetition rate, and µJ-range pulse energy. In turn, we achieve simultaneous 3P excitation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent proteins (mRFP, mCherry, tdTomato) along with third-harmonic generation. We demonstrate in-depth dual-color 3P imaging in a fixed mouse brain, chick embryo spinal cord, and live adult zebrafish brain, with an improved signal-to-background ratio compared to multicolor two-photon imaging. This development opens the way towards multiparametric imaging deep within scattering tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khmaies Guesmi
- Laboratory Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Lamiae Abdeladim
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Samuel Tozer
- Vision Institute, CNRS Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 6, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Takuma Kumamoto
- Vision Institute, CNRS Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 6, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Karolis Jurkus
- Laboratory Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Rigaud
- Laboratory Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Karine Loulier
- Vision Institute, CNRS Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 6, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Dray
- Zebrafish Neurogenetics Unit, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Georges
- Laboratory Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Marc Hanna
- Laboratory Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Vision Institute, CNRS Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris 6, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Frédéric Druon
- Laboratory Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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39
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Chen IW, Papagiakoumou E, Emiliani V. Towards circuit optogenetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:179-189. [PMID: 29635216 PMCID: PMC6027648 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics neuronal targeting combined with single-photon wide-field illumination has already proved its enormous potential in neuroscience, enabling the optical control of entire neuronal networks and disentangling their role in the control of specific behaviors. However, establishing how a single or a sub-set of neurons controls a specific behavior, or how functionally identical neurons are connected in a particular task, or yet how behaviors can be modified in real-time by the complex wiring diagram of neuronal connections requires more sophisticated approaches enabling to drive neuronal circuits activity with single-cell precision and millisecond temporal resolution. This has motivated on one side the development of flexible optical methods for two-photon (2P) optogenetic activation using either, or a hybrid of two approaches: scanning and parallel illumination. On the other side, it has stimulated the engineering of new opsins with modified spectral characteristics, channel kinetics and spatial distribution of expression, offering the necessary flexibility of choosing the appropriate opsin for each application. The need for optical manipulation of multiple targets with millisecond temporal resolution has imposed three-dimension (3D) parallel holographic illumination as the technique of choice for optical control of neuronal circuits organized in 3D. Today 3D parallel illumination exists in several complementary variants, each with a different degree of simplicity, light uniformity, temporal precision and axial resolution. In parallel, the possibility to reach hundreds of targets in 3D volumes has prompted the development of low-repetition rate amplified laser sources enabling high peak power, while keeping low average power for stimulating each cell. All together those progresses open the way for a precise optical manipulation of neuronal circuits with unprecedented precision and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Chen
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR8250, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR8250, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR8250, Paris Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris, France.
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40
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Yang W, Yuste R. Holographic imaging and photostimulation of neural activity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:211-221. [PMID: 29660600 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging methods are powerful tools in neuroscience as they can systematically monitor the activity of neuronal populations with high spatiotemporal resolution using calcium or voltage indicators. Moreover, caged compounds and optogenetic actuators enable to optically manipulate neural activity. Among optical methods, computer-generated holography offers an enormous flexibility to sculpt the excitation light in three-dimensions (3D), particularly when combined with two-photon light sources. By projecting holographic light patterns on the sample, the activity of multiple neurons across a 3D brain volume can be simultaneously imaged or optically manipulated with single-cell precision. This flexibility makes two-photon holographic microscopy an ideal all-optical platform to simultaneously read and write activity in neuronal populations in vivo in 3D, a critical ability to dissect the function of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Yang
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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