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Lu H, Suo Z, Lin J, Cong Y, Liu Z. Monocyte-macrophages modulate intestinal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease. Biomark Res 2024; 12:76. [PMID: 39095853 PMCID: PMC11295551 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes and macrophages play an indispensable role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and modulating mucosal immune responses in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although numerous studies have described macrophage properties in IBD, the underlying mechanisms whereby the monocyte-macrophage lineage modulates intestinal homeostasis during gut inflammation remain elusive. MAIN BODY In this review, we decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the generation of intestinal mucosal macrophages and fill the knowledge gap in understanding the origin, maturation, classification, and functions of mucosal macrophages in intestinal niches, particularly the phagocytosis and bactericidal effects involved in the elimination of cell debris and pathogens. We delineate macrophage-mediated immunoregulation in the context of producing pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, toxic mediators, and macrophage extracellular traps (METs), and participating in the modulation of epithelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis in the intestine and its accessory tissues. Moreover, we emphasize that the maturation of intestinal macrophages is arrested at immature stage during IBD, and the deficiency of MCPIP1 involves in the process via ATF3-AP1S2 signature. In addition, we confirmed the origin potential of IL-1B+ macrophages and defined C1QB+ macrophages as mature macrophages. The interaction crosstalk between the intestine and the mesentery has been described in this review, and the expression of mesentery-derived SAA2 is upregulated during IBD, which contributes to immunoregulation of macrophage. Moreover, we also highlight IBD-related susceptibility genes (e.g., RUNX3, IL21R, GTF2I, and LILRB3) associated with the maturation and functions of macrophage, which provide promising therapeutic opportunities for treating human IBD. CONCLUSION In summary, this review provides a comprehensive, comprehensive, in-depth and novel description of the characteristics and functions of macrophages in IBD, and highlights the important role of macrophages in the molecular and cellular process during IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhimin Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan Province, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Human Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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2
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Soni N, Bissa B. Exosomes, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer Precision Medicine: New Frontiers. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00169-X. [PMID: 39032591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
"The environment shapes people's actions," a well-known proverb, strongly dictates that a change in our way of life changes our behavior. Circadian rhythms have been identified as a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis in the body, which, if disrupted by sleeping patterns, could result in significant metabolic alterations that adversely affect our health. The changes induced by circadian rhythm alter the secretion and cargo selection in exosomes which are nanovesicles important for intercellular communication. Exosomes were formerly known as "junk particles" but are now recognized as miniature copies of a cell's genetic material. Dysregulation of circadian rhythm has shown that it changes the gene expression of a cell to some extent and significantly alters the exosomal release. Meanwhile, cells secrete exosomes continuously to align the rhythmicity of the biological clock. In this study, we integrate circadian rhythms and exosomes with precision medicines to find better approaches to early diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Soni
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bhawana Bissa
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Laguna JG, Freitas ADS, Barroso FAL, De Jesus LCL, De Vasconcelos OAGG, Quaresma LS, Américo MF, Campos GM, Glória RDA, Dutra JDCF, Da Silva TF, Vital KD, Fernandes SO, Souza RO, Martins FDS, Ferreira E, Santos TM, Birbrair A, De Oliveira MFA, Faria AMC, Carvalho RDDO, Venanzi FM, Le Loir Y, Jan G, Guédon É, Azevedo VADC. Recombinant probiotic Lactococcus lactis delivering P62 mitigates moderate colitis in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1309160. [PMID: 38680913 PMCID: PMC11047439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1309160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objective p62 is a human multifunctional adaptor protein involved in key cellular processes such as tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. It acts as a negative regulator of inflammasome complexes. It may thus be considered a good candidate for therapeutic use in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as colitis. Probiotics, including recombinant probiotic strains producing or delivering therapeutic biomolecules to the host mucosal surfaces, could help prevent and mitigate chronic intestinal inflammation. The objective of the present study was to combine the intrinsic immunomodulatory properties of the probiotic Lactococcus lactis NCDO2118 with its ability to deliver health-promoting molecules to enhance its protective and preventive effects in the context of ulcerative colitis (UC). Material and methods This study was realized in vivo in which mice were supplemented with the recombinant strain. The intestinal barrier function was analyzed by monitoring permeability, secretory IgA total levels, mucin expression, and tight junction genes. Its integrity was evaluated by histological analyses. Regarding inflammation, colonic cytokine levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and expression of key genes were monitored. The intestinal microbiota composition was investigated using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. Results and discussion No protective effect of L. lactis NCDO2118 pExu:p62 was observed regarding mice clinical parameters compared to the L. lactis NCDO2118 pExu: empty. However, the recombinant strain, expressing p62, increased the goblet cell counts, upregulated Muc2 gene expression in the colon, and downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines Tnf and Ifng when compared to L. lactis NCDO2118 pExu: empty and inflamed groups. This recombinant strain also decreased colonic MPO activity. No difference in the intestinal microbiota was observed between all treatments. Altogether, our results show that recombinant L. lactis NCDO2118 delivering p62 protein protected the intestinal mucosa and mitigated inflammatory damages caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We thus suggest that p62 may constitute part of a therapeutic approach targeting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andria dos Santos Freitas
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Cláudio Lima De Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ludmila Silva Quaresma
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Américo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Munis Campos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Assis Glória
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joyce da Cruz Ferraz Dutra
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando Da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Kátia Duarte Vital
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone O. Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ramon O. Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Túlio Marcos Santos
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Franco Maria Venanzi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy
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Xiao J, Guo X, Wang Z. Crosstalk between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease: key clues toward unraveling the mystery. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385907. [PMID: 38605960 PMCID: PMC11007100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal tract constitutes a complex ecosystem, made up of countless gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune cells, with hypoxia being a fundamental environmental characteristic of this ecology. Under normal physiological conditions, a delicate balance exists among these complex "residents", with disruptions potentially leading to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The core pathology of IBD features a disrupted intestinal epithelial barrier, alongside evident immune and microecological disturbances. Central to these interconnected networks is hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is a key regulator in gut cells for adapting to hypoxic conditions and maintaining gut homeostasis. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as pivotal gut metabolites, serve as vital mediators between the host and microbiota, and significantly influence intestinal ecosystem. Recent years have seen a surge in research on the roles and therapeutic potential of HIF-1α and SCFAs in IBD independently, yet reviews on HIF-1α-mediated SCFAs regulation of IBD under hypoxic conditions are scarce. This article summarizes evidence of the interplay and regulatory relationship between SCFAs and HIF-1α in IBD, pivotal for elucidating the disease's pathogenesis and offering promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Xiao
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Anorectal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Department of Geriatric, the First People’s Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhenquan Wang
- Department of Anorectal, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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5
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Maiese K. The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273570. [PMID: 38022638 PMCID: PMC10663950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of metabolic disorders influence the entire body and significantly affect the nervous system impacting greater than one billion people with disability in the peripheral nervous system as well as with cognitive loss, now the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such as DM, and neurologic disease remain a significant challenge for the treatment and care of individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall disease progression. These clinical challenges to address the interplay between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders warrant innovative strategies that can focus upon the underlying mechanisms of aging-related disorders, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and cell death. Programmed cell death pathways that involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis can play a critical role in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and oversee processes that include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, and inflammatory cell activation. The silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are novel targets that can oversee programmed cell death pathways tied to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide, apolipoprotein E (APOE), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) exposure with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and trophic factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO). The pathways of programmed cell death, SIRT1, AMPK, and WISP1 offer exciting prospects for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and nervous system function that can be compromised during aging-related disorders and lead to cognitive impairment, but these pathways have dual roles in determining the ultimate fate of cells and organ systems that warrant thoughtful insight into complex autofeedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Innovation and Commercialization, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Wang T, Cheng Z, Zhao R, Cheng J, Ren H, Zhang P, Liu P, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yu X, Sun D, Zhang D. Sirt6 enhances macrophage lipophagy and improves lipid metabolism disorder by regulating the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway in atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37736721 PMCID: PMC10515036 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are considerably involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis; nevertheless, the fundamental mechanism is still largely unclear. This research sought to examine the function of lipophagy in lipid metabolism disorder-induced atherosclerosis and its fundamental mechanisms. Previously, Sirt6 has been reported to stimulate plaque stability by promoting macrophage autophagy. However, its role in macrophage lipophagy and its relationship with Wnt1 remains to be established. In this study, ApoE-/-: Sirt6-/- and ApoE-/-: Sirt6Tg mice were used and lipid droplets were analysed via transmission electron microscopy and Bodipy 493/503 staining in vitro. Atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/-: Sirt6-/- mice showed greater necrotic cores and lower stability score. Reconstitution of Sirt6 in atherosclerotic mice improved lipid metabolism disorder and prevented the progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, macrophages with Ac-LDL intervention showed more lipid droplets and increased expression of adipophilin and PLIN2. Reconstitution of Sirt6 recruited using SNF2H suppressed Wnt1 expression and improved lipid metabolism disorder by promoting lipophagy. In addition, downregulation of Sirt6 expression in Ac-LDL-treated macrophages inhibited lipid droplet degradation and stimulated foam cell formation. Innovative discoveries in the research revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by lipid metabolism disorders due to downregulated Sirt6 expression. Thus, modulating Sirt6's function in lipid metabolism might be a useful therapeutic approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengke Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qimeng Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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7
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Tang D, Kang R. SQSTM1 is a therapeutic target for infection and sterile inflammation. Cytokine 2023; 169:156317. [PMID: 37542833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation represents a fundamental immune response triggered by various detrimental stimuli, such as infections, tissue damage, toxins, and foreign substances. Protein degradation plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory process at multiple levels. The identification of sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, also known as p62) protein as a binding partner of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase in 1995 marked a significant milestone. Subsequent investigations unveiled the activity of SQSTM1 to interact with diverse unstructured substrates, including proteins, organelles, and pathogens, facilitating their delivery to the lysosome for autophagic degradation. In addition to its well-established intracellular functions, emerging studies have reported the active secretion or passive release of SQSTM1 by immune or non-immune cells, orchestrating the inflammatory responses. These distinct characteristics render SQSTM1 a critical therapeutic target in numerous human diseases, including infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and modulation of SQSTM1, discusses its intracellular and extracellular roles in inflammation, and highlights its significance in inflammation-related diseases. Future investigations focusing on elucidating the precise localization, structure, post-translational modifications of SQSTM1, as well as the identification of additional interacting partners, hold promise for unravelling further insights into the multifaceted functions of SQSTM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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8
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Morales M, Xue X. Hypoxia in the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4767-4783. [PMID: 37358514 PMCID: PMC10799609 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease of disordered chronic inflammation in the intestines that affects many people across the world. While the disease is still being better characterized, greater progress has been made in understanding the many components that intersect in the disease. Among these components are the many pieces that compose the intestinal epithelial barrier, the various cytokines and immune cells, and the population of microbes that reside in the intestinal lumen. Since their discovery, the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been found to play an expansive role in physiology as well as diseases such as inflammation due to their role in oxygen sensing-related gene transcription, and metabolic control. Making use of existing and developing paradigms in the immuno-gastroenterology of IBD, we summarized that hypoxic signaling plays as another component in the status and progression of IBD, which may include possible functions at the origins of inflammatory dysregulation. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4767-4783, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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9
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Macias-Ceja DC, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Autophagy in intestinal fibrosis: relevance in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170436. [PMID: 37397491 PMCID: PMC10307973 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is often associated with fibrotic disorders in which an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix is a hallmark. Long-term fibrosis starts with tissue hypofunction and finally ends in organ failure. Intestinal fibrosis is not an exception, and it is a frequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies have confirmed the link between deregulated autophagy and fibrosis and the presence of common prognostic markers; indeed, both up- and downregulation of autophagy are presumed to be implicated in the progression of fibrosis. A better knowledge of the role of autophagy in fibrosis may lead to it becoming a potential target of antifibrotic therapy. In this review we explore novel advances in the field that highlight the relevance of autophagy in fibrosis, and give special focus to fibrosis in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Salla M, Guo J, Joshi H, Gordon M, Dooky H, Lai J, Capicio S, Armstrong H, Valcheva R, Dyck JRB, Thiesen A, Wine E, Dieleman LA, Baksh S. Novel Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer: An Interplay between Metabolic Dysregulation and Excessive Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065967. [PMID: 36983040 PMCID: PMC10055751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation can trigger altered epigenetic, inflammatory, and bioenergetic states. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with evidence of subsequent metabolic syndrome disorder. Studies have demonstrated that as many as 42% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who are found to have high-grade dysplasia, either already had colorectal cancer (CRC) or develop it within a short time. The presence of low-grade dysplasia is also predictive of CRC. Many signaling pathways are shared among IBD and CRC, including cell survival, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signaling pathways. Current IBD therapeutics target a small subset of molecular drivers of IBD, with many focused on the inflammatory aspect of the pathways. Thus, there is a great need to identify biomarkers of both IBD and CRC, that can be predictive of therapeutic efficacy, disease severity, and predisposition to CRC. In this study, we explored the changes in biomarkers specific for inflammatory, metabolic, and proliferative pathways, to help determine the relevance to both IBD and CRC. Our analysis demonstrated, for the first time in IBD, the loss of the tumor suppressor protein Ras associated family protein 1A (RASSF1A), via epigenetic changes, the hyperactivation of the obligate kinase of the NOD2 pathogen recognition receptor (receptor interacting protein kinase 2 [RIPK2]), the loss of activation of the metabolic kinase, AMP activated protein kinase (AMPKα1), and, lastly, the activation of the transcription factor and kinase Yes associated protein (YAP) kinase, that is involved in proliferation of cells. The expression and activation status of these four elements are mirrored in IBD, CRC, and IBD-CRC patients and, importantly, in matched blood and biopsy samples. The latter would suggest that biomarker analysis can be performed non-invasively, to understand IBD and CRC, without the need for invasive and costly endoscopic analysis. This study, for the first time, illustrates the need to understand IBD or CRC beyond an inflammatory perspective and the value of therapeutics directed to reset altered proliferative and metabolic states within the colon. The use of such therapeutics may truly drive patients into remission.
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11
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Hutter V, Hopper S, Skamarauskas J, Hoffman E. High content analysis of in vitro alveolar macrophage responses can provide mechanistic insight for inhaled product safety assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105506. [PMID: 36330929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the safety of inhaled substances in the alveolar region of the lung requires an understanding of how the respired material interacts with both physical and immunological barriers. Human alveolar-like macrophages in vitro provide a platform to assess the immunological response in the airways and may better inform the understanding of a response to an inhaled challenge being adaptive or adverse. The aim of this study was to determine if a morphometric phenotyping approach could discriminate between different inhaled nicotine products and indicate the potential mechanism of toxicity of a substance. Cigarette smoke (CS) and e-liquids extracted into cell culture medium were applied to human alveolar-like macrophages in mono-culture (ImmuONE™) and co-culture (ImmuLUNG™) to test the hypothesis. Phenotype profiling of cell responses was highly reproducible and clearly distinguished the different responses to CS and e-liquids. Whilst the phenotypes of untreated macrophages were similar regardless of culture condition, macrophages cultured in the presence of epithelial cells were more sensitive to CS-induced changes related to cell size and vacuolation processes. This technique demonstrated phenotypical observations typical for CS exposure and indicative of the established mechanisms of toxicity. The technique provides a rapid screening approach to determine detailed immunological responses in the airways which can be linked to potentially adverse pathways and support inhalation safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hutter
- ImmuONE Ltd, Science Building, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK; Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - S Hopper
- Thornton & Ross Ltd, Linthwaite, Huddersfield HD7 5QH, UK; School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Becket University, City Campus, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS1 3HE, UK
| | - J Skamarauskas
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
| | - E Hoffman
- ImmuONE Ltd, Science Building, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK
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12
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Chen SL, Li CM, Li W, Liu QS, Hu SY, Zhao MY, Hu DS, Hao YW, Zeng JH, Zhang Y. How autophagy, a potential therapeutic target, regulates intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1087677. [PMID: 37168865 PMCID: PMC10165000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1087677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation in the intestines, with the primary types including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The link between autophagy, a catabolic mechanism in which cells clear protein aggregates and damaged organelles, and intestinal health has been widely studied. Experimental animal studies and human clinical studies have revealed that autophagy is pivotal for intestinal homeostasis maintenance, gut ecology regulation and other aspects. However, few articles have summarized and discussed the pathways by which autophagy improves or exacerbates IBD. Here, we review how autophagy alleviates IBD through the specific genes (e.g., ATG16L1, IRGM, NOD2 and LRRK2), crosstalk of multiple phenotypes with autophagy (e.g., Interaction of autophagy with endoplasmic reticulum stress, intestinal antimicrobial defense and apoptosis) and autophagy-associated signaling pathways. Moreover, we briefly discuss the role of autophagy in colorectal cancer and current status of autophagy-based drug research for IBD. It should be emphasized that autophagy has cell-specific and environment-specific effects on the gut. One of the problems of IBD research is to understand how autophagy plays a role in intestinal tract under specific environmental factors. A better understanding of the mechanism of autophagy in the occurrence and progression of IBD will provide references for the development of therapeutic drugs and disease management for IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Lan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Meng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang-Yuan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Sen Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Chengdu Xinan Women’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hao Zeng, ; Yi Zhang,
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13
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Wang EJ, Wu MY, Ren ZY, Zheng Y, Ye RD, TAN CSH, Wang Y, Lu JH. Targeting macrophage autophagy for inflammation resolution and tissue repair in inflammatory bowel disease. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad004. [PMID: 37152076 PMCID: PMC10157272 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific, recurrent inflammatory disease, majorly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its unclear pathogenesis, the current therapeutic strategy for IBD is focused on symptoms alleviation. Autophagy is a lysosome-mediated catabolic process for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies and subsequent functional studies have highlighted the critical role of autophagy in IBD via a number of mechanisms, including modulating macrophage function. Macrophages are the gatekeepers of intestinal immune homeostasis, especially involved in regulating inflammation remission and tissue repair. Interestingly, many autophagic proteins and IBD-related genes have been revealed to regulate macrophage function, suggesting that macrophage autophagy is a potentially important process implicated in IBD regulation. Here, we have summarized current understanding of macrophage autophagy function in pathogen and apoptotic cell clearance, inflammation remission and tissue repair regulation in IBD, and discuss how this knowledge can be used as a strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wu
- Center for Metabolic Liver Diseases and Center for Cholestatic Liver Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zheng-yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chris Soon Heng TAN
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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14
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Role of Wnt signaling in the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:281-326. [PMID: 36967198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a key role in digestion and protection against external pathogens. This tissue presents a high cellular turnover with the epithelium being completely renewed every 5days, driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing in the crypt bases. To sustain this dynamic renewal of the intestinal epithelium, the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of ISCs must be precisely controlled. One of the central pathways supporting ISC maintenance and dynamics is the Wnt pathway. In this chapter, we examine the role of Wnt signaling in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and tissue regeneration, including mechanisms regulating ISC identity and fine-tuning of Wnt pathway activation. We extensively discuss the contribution of the stem cell niche in maintaining Wnt signaling in the intestinal crypts that support ISC functions. The integration of these findings highlights the complex interplay of multiple niche signals and cellular components sustaining ISC behavior and maintenance, which together supports the immense plasticity of the intestinal epithelium.
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15
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Blocking Autophagy in M1 Macrophages Enhances Virus Replication and Eye Disease in Ocularly Infected Transgenic Mice. J Virol 2022; 96:e0140122. [PMID: 36286481 PMCID: PMC9645210 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01401-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in clearing, disassembling, and recycling damaged cells, thus limiting inflammation. The HSV-1 γ34.5 gene is involved in neurovirulence and immune evasion by blocking autophagy in infected cells.
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16
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Liu Z, Li C, Liu M, Song Z, Moyer MP, Su D. The Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 6 Pathway in the Treatment of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Hypoxia and Intestinal Microbiota through the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4469-4481. [PMID: 35864969 PMCID: PMC9295061 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study is to explore the key molecular of Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and the related Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulated by LRP6 during the intestinal barrier dysfunction. Colorectal protein profile analysis showed that LRP6 expression was decreased in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and mice received fecal bacteria transplantation from stroke patients. Mice with intestinal hypoxia and intestinal epithelial cells cultured in hypoxia showed decreased expression of LRP6. Overexpression of LPR6 or its N-terminus rescued the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway which was inhibited by hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In mice overexpressing of LRP6, the expression of β-catenin and DKK1 increased, Bcl2 decreased, and Bax increased. Mice with LRP6 knockout showed an opposite trend, and the expression of Claudin2, Occludin and ZO-1 decreased. Two drugs, curcumin and auranofin could alleviate intestinal barrier damage in DSS-induced colitis mice by targeting LRP-6. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis and hypoxia can inhibit the LRP6 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and drugs targeting LRP6 can protect the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510799, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510799, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510799, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510799, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | | | - Dan Su
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510799, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.,INCELL Corporation, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, USA.,Department of Anorectal surgery. The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou 510665, China
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17
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Butera A, Quaranta MT, Crippa L, Spinello I, Saulle E, Di Carlo N, Campanile D, Boirivant M, Labbaye C. CD147 Targeting by AC-73 Induces Autophagy and Reduces Intestinal Fibrosis Associated with TNBS Chronic Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1751-1761. [PMID: 35833587 PMCID: PMC9683082 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases. Medical treatment of intestinal fibrosis is an unmet therapeutic need. CD147 overexpression can induce myofibroblast differentiation associated with extracellular matrix deposition, favouring the development of fibrosis. To understand whether CD147 may promote intestinal fibrosis, we analysed its expression and blocked its function by using its specific inhibitor AC-73 [3-{2-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylmethyl) amino]-1-hydroxyethyl} phenol] in the murine TNBS [trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid]-chronic colitis model associated with intestinal fibrosis. METHODS TNBS chronic colitis was induced by weekly intrarectal administration of escalating doses of TNBS. Ethanol-treated and untreated mice were used as controls. Separated groups of TNBS, ethanol-treated or untreated mice received AC-73 or vehicle administered intraperitoneally from day 21 to day 49. At day 49, mice were killed, and colons collected for histological analysis, protein and RNA extraction. CD147, α-SMA and activated TGF-β1 protein levels, CD147/ERK/STAT3 signalling pathway and autophagy were assessed by Western blot, collagen and inflammatory/fibrogenic cytokines mRNA tissue content by quantitative PCR. RESULTS In mice with chronic TNBS colitis, CD147 protein level increased during fibrosis development in colonic tissue, as compared to control mice. CD147 inhibition by AC-73 treatment reduced intestinal fibrosis, collagen and cytokine mRNA tissue content, without significant modulation of activated TGF-β1 protein tissue content. AC-73 inhibited CD147/ERK1/2 and STAT3 signalling pathway activation and induced autophagy. CONCLUSIONS CD147 is a potential new target for controlling intestinal fibrosis and its inhibitor, AC-73, might represent a potential new anti-fibrotic therapeutic option in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Crippa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Isabella Spinello
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernestina Saulle
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Di Carlo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Campanile
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Boirivant
- Corresponding authors: Monica Boirivant, MD, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale R. Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy. Tel: +39 0649902976; E-mail:
| | - Catherine Labbaye
- Catherine Labbaye, PhD, National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale R. Elena, 299, 00161 Roma, Italy. Tel: +39 0649902418; E-mail:
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18
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Cao Q, Mertens RT, Sivanathan KN, Cai X, Xiao P. Macrophage orchestration of epithelial and stromal cell homeostasis in the intestine. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:313-331. [PMID: 35593111 PMCID: PMC9543232 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru0322-176r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem where numerous cell types of epithelial, immune, neuronal, and endothelial origin coexist in an intertwined, highly organized manner. The functional equilibrium of the intestine relies heavily on the proper crosstalk and cooperation among each cell population. Furthermore, macrophages are versatile, innate immune cells that participate widely in the modulation of inflammation and tissue remodeling. Emerging evidence suggest that macrophages are central in orchestrating tissue homeostasis. Herein, we describe how macrophages interact with epithelial cells, neurons, and other types of mesenchymal cells under the context of intestinal inflammation, followed by the therapeutic implications of cellular crosstalk pertaining to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Randall Tyler Mertens
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kisha Nandini Sivanathan
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xuechun Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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IFNγ-Treated Macrophages Induce EMT through the WNT Pathway: Relevance in Crohn’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051093. [PMID: 35625832 PMCID: PMC9139093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn’s disease (CD) in which macrophages play a central role. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the WNT pathway have been associated with fibrosis. We aim to analyse the relevance of the tissue microenvironment in macrophage phenotype and the EMT process. Methods: Intestinal surgical resections are obtained from control and CD patients with stenotic or penetrating behaviour. Cytokine’s expression, macrophage phenotype, EMT markers and WNT signalling pathway are determined by WB, RT-PCR, ELISA or Cytometry. U937 cells are treated with IFNγ, TNFα, IL1β, IL4 or IL10 and co-cultured with HT29 cells and, in some cases, are treated with XAV939 or miFZD4. The expression of macrophage, EMT and WNT pathway markers in U937 or HT29 cells is analysed by WB or RT-PCR. Results: IFNγ, WNT6, CD16 and CD86 are increased in the intestinal tissue of CD patients. IFNγ-treated U937 activated the EMT process and WNT pathway in HT29 cells, and the EMT process is mediated by FZD4. Conclusions: An IFNγ-rich microenvironment polarises macrophages, which induces EMT through the WNT pathway.
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20
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Zhang M, Yang D, Yu H, Li Q. MicroRNA-497 inhibits inflammation in DSS-induced IBD model mice and lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108318. [PMID: 34775365 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS MicroRNA (miR)-497 is downregulated in several inflammatory diseases, excluding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study is to evaluate whether miR-497 inhibits gut inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used to induce experimental colitis, while 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was for RAW264.7 cell damage.Colitis severity was evaluated by disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histopathologic injury, etc. The nuclear transcription factor NF-κB activity in colon tissues was also estimated by western blot. Then, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-497, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colon tissues and RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway was determined by western blot and TOP/FOP-flash reporter assays. RESULTS The level of miR-497 was reduced in inflamed mucosa from IBD patients, mice with colitis and LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. miR-497 knockout (miR-497 KO) mice were more susceptible to DSS-induced colitis, with increased inflammatory response, compared with control mice. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-497 reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Finally, we found that miR-497 inhibited inflammation through Wnt/β-catenin pathway both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that miR-497 inhibits inflammation in DSS-induced IBD model mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway and the release of cytokines, indicating that miR-497 plays a key role in the progression of IBD. Thus, therapeutic regulation of miR-497 expression may be beneficial for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Haq S, Wang H, Grondin J, Banskota S, Marshall JK, Khan II, Chauhan U, Cote F, Kwon YH, Philpott D, Brumell JH, Surette M, Steinberg GR, Khan WI. Disruption of autophagy by increased 5-HT alters gut microbiota and enhances susceptibility to experimental colitis and Crohn's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi6442. [PMID: 34739317 PMCID: PMC8570609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, an essential intracellular recycling process, is linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases including Crohn’s disease (CD). Factors that lead to the development of impaired autophagy during intestinal inflammation remain largely unexplored. Here, we report the impact of the interaction between serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine;(5-HT)] and autophagy in colitis in mouse and human studies. In mice, increased gut 5-HT inhibited autophagy and led to enhanced colitis susceptibility. Reciprocally, mice with reduced 5-HT exhibited up-regulated autophagy via the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which resulted in significantly decreased colitis. Deletion of autophagy gene, Atg7, in an epithelial-specific manner, in concert with reduced 5-HT, promoted the development of a colitogenic microbiota and abolished the protective effects conferred by reduced 5-HT. Notably, in control and patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we uncovered that 5-HT treatment inhibited autophagy. Our findings suggest 5-HT as a previously unidentified therapeutic target in intestinal inflammatory disorders such as CD that exhibits dysregulated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jensine Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John K. Marshall
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irfan I. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Usha Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francine Cote
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John H. Brumell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario and Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Yin J, Ren Y, Yang K, Wang W, Wang T, Xiao W, Yang H. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:46-51. [PMID: 34658125 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops as a result of a combination of genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and environmental influences, which is mainly represented by ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). IBDs can result in inflammatory hypoxia by causing intestinal inflammation and vascular damage. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), as a transcription factor, can regulate the cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels and support the development and function of the gut barrier. HIF-αplays its functions through translocating into the nucleus, dimerizing with HIF-1β, and binding to hypoxia-responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of HIF-1α in murine models of IBD. In this review, we aim to outline the major roles of HIF-1α in the IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanbei Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunqiu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Nursing Department, Nursing School of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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23
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Miah M, Goh I, Haniffa M. Prenatal Development and Function of Human Mononuclear Phagocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649937. [PMID: 33898444 PMCID: PMC8060508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human mononuclear phagocyte (MP) system, which includes dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. During embryonic development, MPs derive sequentially in yolk sac progenitors, fetal liver, and bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells. MPs maintain tissue homeostasis and confer protective immunity in post-natal life. Recent evidence - primarily in animal models - highlight their critical role in coordinating the remodeling, maturation, and repair of target organs during embryonic and fetal development. However, the molecular regulation governing chemotaxis, homeostasis, and functional diversification of resident MP cells in their respective organ systems during development remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the development and functional contribution of tissue MPs during human organ development and morphogenesis and its relevance to regenerative medicine. We outline how single-cell multi-omic approaches and next-generation ex-vivo organ-on-chip models provide new experimental platforms to study the role of human MPs during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi Miah
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Issac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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A data-driven computational model enables integrative and mechanistic characterization of dynamic macrophage polarization. iScience 2021; 24:102112. [PMID: 33659877 PMCID: PMC7895754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells that dynamically integrate microenvironmental signals to shape their own functional phenotypes, a process known as polarization. Here we develop a large-scale mechanistic computational model that for the first time enables a systems-level characterization, from quantitative, temporal, dose-dependent, and single-cell perspectives, of macrophage polarization driven by a complex multi-pathway signaling network. The model was extensively calibrated and validated against literature and focused on in-house experimental data. Using the model, we generated dynamic phenotype maps in response to numerous combinations of polarizing signals; we also probed into an in silico population of model-based macrophages to examine the impact of polarization continuum at the single-cell level. Additionally, we analyzed the model under an in vitro condition of peripheral arterial disease to evaluate strategies that can potentially induce therapeutic macrophage repolarization. Our model is a key step toward the future development of a network-centric, comprehensive "virtual macrophage" simulation platform.
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25
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Qiu W, Deng Y, Zhuang M, Wang P, Li C, Li Y, Zhu B, Zhang P, Li D, Sun Y, Yang J, Cao S, Sun Y. Identification of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in mice intestines after severe burns and a preliminary study into the key gene H19. J Burn Care Res 2021; 43:16-29. [PMID: 33512532 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine is considered the key organ in stress response to severe burns and injury to intestine after severe burns can be fatal. However, the injury and subsequent repair of intestinal tissues after severe burns at the genetic level are poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important functions in regulating many biological processes, including gene transcription and translation. Autophagy is a process of intracellular degradation and reutilization of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles. METHODS We herein analyzed the genome-wide expression profile of lncRNAs and mRNAs after severe burns in the intestines of mice by lncRNA microarray. qRT-PCR was performed to verify the reliability of microarray analysis results, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs. The common regulatory network between the top ten differentially expressed lncRNAs and trans-related mRNAs was visualized by Cytoscape (v3.7.2). Next, we hypothesized that H19 is the key gene for intestinal mucosal repair. After H19 was overexpressed, the changes in downstream autophagy protein expression levels were observed. RESULTS GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in a cell cycle- and mitosis-related genes.Overexpression of lncRNA-H19 showed that the autophagy-related gene Trim21 was up-regulated, while HIF1α was down-regulated. CONCLUSION LncRNA-H19 played a key role in repairing the intestinal mucosa, and overexpression of lncRNA-H19 activated autophagy and migration of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuequ Deng
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhuang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cuijie Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Cao
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou, China
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26
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Zhou C, Li L, Li T, Sun L, Yin J, Guan H, Wang L, Zhu H, Xu P, Fan X, Sheng B, Xiao W, Qiu Y, Yang H. SCFAs induce autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and relieve colitis by stabilizing HIF-1α. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1189-1202. [PMID: 32696223 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a critical regulator of barrier integrity during colonic mucosal injury. Previous works have shown that the absence of autophagy is implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Additionally, changes in bacterial profiles in the gut are intimately associated with IBD. Although HIF-1α, autophagy, microbiota, and their metabolites are all involved in the pathogenesis of IBD, their roles are not known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HIF-1α and autophagy in healthy and inflammatory states using transgenic mice, colitis models, and cell culture models. We confirmed that the absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α changed the composition of the intestinal microbes and increased the susceptibility of mice to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. In addition, autophagy levels in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were significantly reduced in IEC-specific HIF-1α-deficient (HIF-1α∆IEC) mice. Moreover, in the cell culture models, butyrate treatment significantly increased autophagy in HT29 cells under normal conditions, whereas butyrate had little effect on autophagy after HIF-1α ablation. Furthermore, in the DSS-induced colitis model, butyrate administration relieved the colonic injury and suppressed inflammation in Cre-/HIF-1α- (HIF-1αloxP/loxP) mice. However, the butyrate-mediated protection against colonic injury was considerably diminished in the HIF-1α∆IEC mice. These results show that HIF-1α, autophagy, and intestinal microbes are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Butyrate can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating autophagy via HIF-1α. These insights may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for IBD. KEY MESSAGES: • The absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α leads to downregulation of autophagy in mice. • The absence of intestinal epithelial HIF-1α exacerbates DSS-induced colitis. • Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can alleviate DSS-induced colitis by regulating autophagy via HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangzi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiuheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haidi Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liucan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baifa Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Constantinovits M, Sipos F, L Kiss A, Műzes G. Preconditioning with cell-free DNA prevents DSS-colitis by promoting cell protective autophagy. J Investig Med 2020; 68:992-1001. [PMID: 32393477 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Presence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a long-known fact. The biological effect of cfDNA administration on cellular autophagy within normal and inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. In this study, the effects of intravenous cfDNA pretreatment on autophagy response were studied in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis. Selected proinflammatory cytokine and autophagy-related gene and protein expressions were compared with clinical and histological activity parameters, and with transmission electron microscopic evaluations. A single intravenous dose of cfDNA pretreatment with cfDNA from colitis exhibited beneficial response concerning the clinical and histological severity of DSS-colitis as compared with effects of normal cfDNA. Pretreatment with colitis-derived cfDNA substantially altered the gene and protein expression of several autophagy and inflammatory cytokine genes in a clinically favorable manner. Autophagy in splenocytes is also altered after colitis-derived cfDNA pretreatment. During the process of acute colitis, the subsequent inflammatory environment presumably results in changes of cfDNA with the potential to facilitate cell protective autophagy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the impact of colitis-associated autophagy, and elucidating alterations of the interaction between autophagy and innate immunity caused by nucleic acids may provide further insight into the etiology of IBD. By targeting or modifying cfDNA, novel anti-inflammatory therapies may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Constantinovits
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Succinate Activates EMT in Intestinal Epithelial Cells through SUCNR1: A Novel Protagonist in Fistula Development. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051104. [PMID: 32365557 PMCID: PMC7290938 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease-associated fibrostenosis and fistulas imply the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. As succinate and its receptor (SUCNR1) are involved in intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, we investigated their relevance in EMT and Crohn’s disease (CD) fistulas. Succinate levels and SUCNR1-expression were analyzed in intestinal resections from non-Inflammatory Bowel Disease (non-IBD) subjects and CD patients with stenosing-B2 or penetrating-B3 complications and in a murine heterotopic-transplant model of intestinal fibrosis. EMT, as increased expression of Snail1, Snail2 and vimentin and reduction in E-cadherin, was analyzed in tissues and succinate-treated HT29 cells. The role played by SUCNR1 was studied by silencing its gene. Succinate levels and SUCNR1 expression are increased in B3-CD patients and correlate with EMT markers. SUCNR1 is detected in transitional cells lining the fistula tract and in surrounding mesenchymal cells. Grafts from wild type (WT) mice present increased succinate levels, SUCNR1 up-regulation and EMT activation, effects not observed in SUCNR1−/− tissues. SUCNR1 activation induces the expression of Wnt ligands, activates WNT signaling and induces a WNT-mediated EMT in HT29 cells. In conclusion, succinate and its receptor are up-regulated around CD-fistulas and activate Wnt signaling and EMT in intestinal epithelial cells. These results point to SUCNR1 as a novel pharmacological target for fistula prevention.
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29
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Kang SB, Yoo HS, Jeon SH, Song CW, Lee NR, Kim NJ, Lee JK, Inn KS. Identification of 3',4',5'-trihydroxyflavone as an mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and its suppressive effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106524. [PMID: 32334388 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavone derivatives have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammation model systems; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a flavone derivative 3',4',5'-trihydroxyflavone (THF; NJK16003) was synthesized, and its anti-inflammatory effects and molecular targets were investigated using in vitro systems and an in vivo colitis model. NJK16003 showed potent anti-inflammatory activities in cell-based assays using macrophages. In vitro enzyme activity assays using various inflammation-related kinases revealed the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a possible molecular target. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with NJK16003 resulted in an increase in light chain 3B protein lipidation and a decrease in p62 protein levels and ribosomal S6 kinase phosphorylation, indicating that NJK16003 induces autophagy through mTOR inhibition. NJK16003 treatment resulted in significant induction of autophagy and suppression of inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Autophagy induction has been shown to alleviate colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cell death of intestinal epithelial cells. Indeed, inflammatory responses and intestinal epithelial cell death in our DSS-induced colitis mouse model were significantly suppressed by NJK16003 treatment. Our results indicate that NJK16003 could suppress inflammation by inducing autophagy through its mTOR inhibitory activity. These results suggest that NJK16003 could be a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases including colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bae Kang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Jeon
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Song
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Soo Inn
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Diminished Vitamin D Receptor Protein Levels in Crohn's Disease Fibroblasts: Effects of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040973. [PMID: 32244667 PMCID: PMC7230839 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been associated to Crohn’s disease (CD) pathogenesis, and the exogenous administration of VD improves the course of the disease, but the mechanistic basis of these observations remains unknown. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates most of the biological functions of this hormone, and we aim to analyze here the expression of VDR in intestinal tissue, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts from CD patients. The effects of VD on a fibroblast wound healing assay and murine intestinal fibrosis are also analyzed. Our data show diminished VDR protein levels in surgical resections and epithelial cells from CD patients. In intestinal fibroblasts isolated from damaged tissue of CD patients, we detected enhanced migration and decreased VDR expression compared with both fibroblasts from non-damaged tissue of the same CD patient or control fibroblasts. Treatment with VD increased VDR protein levels, avoided the accelerated migration in CD fibroblasts, and prevented murine intestinal fibrosis induced by the heterotopic transplant model. In conclusion, our study demonstrates diminished VDR protein levels associated with enhanced migration in intestinal fibroblasts from damaged tissue of CD patients. In these cells, VD accumulates VDR and normalizes migration, which supports that CD patients would benefit from the VD anti-fibrotic therapeutic value that we demonstrate in a murine experimental model.
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31
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Ortiz-Masià D, Salvador P, Macias-Ceja DC, Gisbert-Ferrándiz L, Esplugues JV, Manyé J, Alós R, Navarro-Vicente F, Mamie C, Scharl M, Cosin-Roger J, Calatayud S, Barrachina MD. WNT2b Activates Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Through FZD4: Relevance in Penetrating Crohn´s Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:230-239. [PMID: 31359032 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT] has been related to fibrosis and fistula formation, common complications associated with Crohn´s disease [CD]. The WNT signalling pathway mediates EMT, and specific WNT/FZD interactions have been related to the activation of this process in several diseases. We aim to analyse the relevance of EMT and WNT ligands and receptors in the penetrating behaviour of CD. METHODS Intestinal surgical resections were obtained from control and CD patients with a stenotic or penetrating behaviour. Fibrosis was determined by the histological analysis of collagen deposition and EMT by confocal microscopy. The expression of WNT ligands, inhibitors, and FZD receptors was analysed by RT-PCR, WB, IH, and IF studies. The effects of WNT2b and the role of FZD4 in EMT were analysed in HT29 epithelial cells. RESULTS Fibrosis and expression of EMT markers were detected in samples from CD patients irrespective of the clinical behaviour. However, an increased colocalisation of E-CADHERIN and VIMENTIN, an increased number of cells expressing WNT2b, and a higher expression of FZD4 and WNT2b/FZD4 interaction, were detected in intestinal tissue from the penetrating compared with the stenotic CD behaviour. WNT2b induced EMT in HT29 cells through FZD4 activation. CONCLUSIONS An increased EMT, associated with increased WNT2b/FZD4 interaction, was detected in intestinal tissue from CD patients with a penetrating behaviour. WNT2b, through FZD4 activation, induces EMT in vitro which points to a novel pharmacological target to prevent intestinal penetrating complications of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Laura Gisbert-Ferrándiz
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rafael Alós
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital De Sagunto, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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32
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Maiese K. Cognitive impairment with diabetes mellitus and metabolic disease: innovative insights with the mechanistic target of rapamycin and circadian clock gene pathways. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:23-34. [PMID: 31794280 PMCID: PMC6959472 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1698288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Dementia is the 7th leading cause of death that imposes a significant financial and service burden on the global population. Presently, only symptomatic care exists for cognitive loss, such as Alzheimer's disease.Areas covered: Given the advancing age of the global population, it becomes imperative to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for cognitive loss. New studies provide insight to the association of cognitive loss with metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus.Expert opinion: Diabetes mellitus is increasing in incidence throughout the world and affects 350 million individuals. Treatment strategies identifying novel pathways that oversee metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders offer exciting prospects to treat dementia. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and circadian clock gene pathways that include AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), erythropoietin (EPO), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) provide novel strategies to treat cognitive loss that has its basis in metabolic cellular dysfunction. However, these pathways are complex and require precise regulation to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize any potential clinical disability. Further investigations hold great promise to treat both the onset and progression of cognitive loss that is associated with metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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33
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Zhao C, Mirando AC, Sové RJ, Medeiros TX, Annex BH, Popel AS. A mechanistic integrative computational model of macrophage polarization: Implications in human pathophysiology. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007468. [PMID: 31738746 PMCID: PMC6860420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages respond to signals in the microenvironment by changing their functional phenotypes, a process known as polarization. Depending on the context, they acquire different patterns of transcriptional activation, cytokine expression and cellular metabolism which collectively constitute a continuous spectrum of phenotypes, of which the two extremes are denoted as classical (M1) and alternative (M2) activation. To quantitatively decode the underlying principles governing macrophage phenotypic polarization and thereby harness its therapeutic potential in human diseases, a systems-level approach is needed given the multitude of signaling pathways and intracellular regulation involved. Here we develop the first mechanism-based, multi-pathway computational model that describes the integrated signal transduction and macrophage programming under M1 (IFN-γ), M2 (IL-4) and cell stress (hypoxia) stimulation. Our model was calibrated extensively against experimental data, and we mechanistically elucidated several signature feedbacks behind the M1-M2 antagonism and investigated the dynamical shaping of macrophage phenotypes within the M1-M2 spectrum. Model sensitivity analysis also revealed key molecular nodes and interactions as targets with potential therapeutic values for the pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease and cancer. Through simulations that dynamically capture the signal integration and phenotypic marker expression in the differential macrophage polarization responses, our model provides an important computational basis toward a more quantitative and network-centric understanding of the complex physiology and versatile functions of macrophages in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Adam C. Mirando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Sové
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thalyta X. Medeiros
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Divison of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aleksander S. Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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34
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Roh TT, Chen Y, Paul HT, Guo C, Kaplan DL. 3D bioengineered tissue model of the large intestine to study inflammatory bowel disease. Biomaterials 2019; 225:119517. [PMID: 31580968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro model of intestinal epithelium with an immune component was bioengineered to mimic immunologic responses seen in inflammatory bowel disease. While intestinal immune phenomena can be modeled in transwells and 2D culture systems, 3D tissue models improve physiological relevance by providing a 3D substrate which enable migration of macrophages towards the epithelium. An intestinal epithelial layer comprised of non-transformed human colon organoid cells and a subepithelial layer laden with monocyte-derived macrophages was bioengineered to mimic native intestinal mucosa cell organization using spongy biomaterial scaffolds. Confluent monolayers with microvilli, a mucus layer, and infiltration of macrophages to the basal side of the epithelium were observed. Inflammation, induced by E. coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide and interferon γ resulted in morphological changes to the epithelium, resulting in ball-like structures, decreased epithelial coverage, and increased migration of macrophages to the epithelium. Analysis of cytokines present in the inflamed tissue model demonstrated significantly upregulated secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are often associated with active inflammatory bowel disease, including CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-2, and MIP-1β. The macrophage layer enhanced epithelial and biochemical responses to inflammatory insult, and this new tissue system may be useful to study and develop potential therapies for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrence T Roh
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Harry T Paul
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Chengchen Guo
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St. Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Cosin-Roger J, Ortiz-Masià MD, Barrachina MD. Macrophages as an Emerging Source of Wnt Ligands: Relevance in Mucosal Integrity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2297. [PMID: 31608072 PMCID: PMC6769121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a conserved pathway involved in important cellular processes such as the control of embryonic development, cellular polarity, cellular migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to playing a central role during embryogenesis, this pathway is also an essential part of adult homeostasis. Indeed, it controls the proliferation of epithelial cells in different organs such as intestine, lung, and kidney, and guarantees the maintenance of the mucosa in physiological conditions. The origin of this molecular pathway is the binding between Wnt ligands (belonging to a family of 19 different homologous secreted glycoproteins) and their specific membrane receptors, from the Frizzled receptor family. This specific interaction triggers the activation of the signaling cascade, which in turn activates or suppresses the expression of different genes in order to change the behavior of the cell. On the other hand, alterations of this pathway have been described in pathological conditions such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. In recent years, macrophages-among other cell types-have emerged as a potential source of Wnt ligands. Due to their high plasticity, macrophages, which are central to the innate immune response, are capable of adopting different phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. In the past, two different phenotypes were described: a proinflammatory phenotype-M1 macrophages-and an anti-inflammatory phenotype-M2 macrophages-and a selective expression of Wnt ligands has been associated with said phenotypes. However, nowadays it is assumed that macrophages in vivo move through a continual spectrum of functional phenotypes. In both physiological and pathological (inflammation, fibrosis and cancer) conditions, the accumulation and polarization of macrophages conditions the future of the tissue, facilitating various scenarios, such as resolution of inflammation, activation of fibrosis, and cancer development due to the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, in autocrine and paracrine manner. In this work, we provide an overview of studies that have explored the role of macrophages and how they act as a source of Wnt ligands and as mediators of mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mª Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBER, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Cosin-Roger J, Canet F, Macias-Ceja DC, Gisbert-Ferrándiz L, Ortiz-Masiá D, Esplugues JV, Alós R, Navarro F, Barrachina MD, Calatayud S. Autophagy Stimulation as a Potential Strategy Against Intestinal Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091078. [PMID: 31540207 PMCID: PMC6770118 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently observed reduced autophagy in Crohn’s disease patients and an anti-inflammatory effect of autophagy stimulation in murine colitis, but both anti- and pro-fibrotic effects are associated with autophagy stimulation in different tissues, and fibrosis is a frequent complication of Crohn’s disease. Thus, we analyzed the effects of pharmacological modulation of autophagy in a murine model of intestinal fibrosis and detected that autophagy inhibition aggravates, while autophagy stimulation prevents, fibrosis. These effects are associated with changes in inflammation and in collagen degradation in primary fibroblasts. Thus, pharmacological stimulation of autophagy may be useful against intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Hospital Dr Peset, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Canet
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dulce C Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Gisbert-Ferrándiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masiá
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Hospital Dr Peset, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Alós
- Departamento de Cirugía del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital La Fe, 46526 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Navarro
- Departamento de Cirugía y Coloproctología, Hospital de Manises, 46940 Valencia, Spain
| | - María D Barrachina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Augmenting canonical Wnt signalling in therapeutically inert cells converts them into therapeutically potent exosome factories. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:695-705. [PMID: 31451800 PMCID: PMC6736698 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are therapeutic candidates with disease-modifying bioactivity, but their variable potency has complicated their clinical translation. Transcriptomic analyses of CDCs from human donors have revealed that the therapeutic potency of these cells correlates with Wnt/β-catenin signalling and with β-catenin protein levels. Here, we show that skin fibroblasts engineered to overexpress β-catenin and the transcription factor Gata4 become immortal and therapeutically potent. Transplantation of the engineered fibroblasts into a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction led to improved cardiac function and mouse survival. And in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, exosomes secreted by the engineered fibroblasts improved exercise capacity and reduced skeletal-muscle fibrosis. We also demonstrate that exosomes from high-potency CDCs exhibit enhanced levels of miR-92a (a known potentiator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway), and that they activate cardioprotective bone-morphogenetic-protein signalling in cardiomyocytes. Our findings show that the modulation of canonical Wnt signalling can turn therapeutically inert mammalian cells into immortal exosome factories for cell-free therapies. Overexpression of β-catenin and the transcription factor Gata4 in skin fibroblasts converts them into therapeutically active cells that secrete reparative exosomes as shown in mice models of myocardial infarction and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Wang X, Ribeiro M, Iracheta-Vellve A, Lowe P, Ambade A, Satishchandran A, Bukong T, Catalano D, Kodys K, Szabo G. Macrophage-Specific Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Contributes to Impaired Autophagic Flux in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2019; 69:545-563. [PMID: 30102772 PMCID: PMC6351177 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cell activation drives diverse cellular programming during hepatic diseases. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have recently been identified as important regulators of immunity and inflammation. In nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), HIF-1α is upregulated in hepatocytes, where it induces steatosis; however, the role of HIF-1α in macrophages under metabolic stress has not been explored. In this study, we found increased HIF-1α levels in hepatic macrophages in methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice and in macrophages of patients with NASH compared with controls. The HIF-1α increase was concomitant with elevated levels of autophagy markers BNIP3, Beclin-1, LC3-II, and p62 in both mouse and human macrophages. LysMCre HIFdPA fl/fl mice, which have HIF-1α levels stabilized in macrophages, showed higher steatosis and liver inflammation compared with HIFdPA fl/fl mice on MCD diet. In vitro and ex vivo experiments reveal that saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), both induces HIF-1α and impairs autophagic flux in macrophages. Using small interfering RNA-mediated knock-down and overexpression of HIF-1α in macrophages, we demonstrated that PA impairs autophagy via HIF-1α. We found that HIF-1α mediates NF-κB activation and MCP-1 production and that HIF-1α-mediated impairment of macrophage autophagy increases IL-1β production, contributing to MCD diet-induced NASH. Conclusion: Palmitic acid impairs autophagy via HIF-1α activation in macrophages. HIF-1α and impaired autophagy are present in NASH in vivo in mouse macrophages and in human blood monocytes. We identified that HIF-1α activation and decreased autophagic flux stimulate inflammation in macrophages through upregulation of NF-κB activation. These results suggest that macrophage activation in NASH involves a complex interplay between HIF-1α and autophagy as these pathways promote proinflammatory overactivation in MCD diet-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA,Institute and Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick Lowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aditya Ambade
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Abhishek Satishchandran
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Terence Bukong
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Donna Catalano
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Karen Kodys
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Roles of Autophagy-Related Genes in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010077. [PMID: 30669622 PMCID: PMC6356351 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that is essential for a variety of cellular responses. Due to its role in the maintenance of biological homeostasis in conditions of stress, dysregulation or disruption of autophagy may be linked to human diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a complicated inflammatory colitis disorder; Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the principal types. Genetic studies have shown the clinical relevance of several autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in the pathogenesis of IBD. Additionally, recent studies using conditional knockout mice have led to a comprehensive understanding of ATGs that affect intestinal inflammation, Paneth cell abnormality and enteric pathogenic infection during colitis. In this review, we discuss the various ATGs involved in macroautophagy and selective autophagy, including ATG16L1, IRGM, LRRK2, ATG7, p62, optineurin and TFEB in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Although advances have been made regarding the involvement of ATGs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, determining the precise contribution of autophagy has remained elusive. Recent efforts based on direct targeting of ATGs and autophagy will further facilitate the development of new therapeutic opportunities for IBD.
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40
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Succinate receptor mediates intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:178-187. [PMID: 30279517 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Succinate, an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is accumulated in inflamed areas and its signaling through succinate receptor (SUCNR1) regulates immune function. We analyze SUCNR1 expression in the intestine of Crohn's disease patients and its role in murine intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. We show that both serum and intestinal succinate levels and SUCNR1 expression in intestinal surgical resections were higher in CD patients than in controls. SUCNR1 co-localized with CD86, CD206, and α-SMA+ cells in human intestine and we found a positive and significant correlation between SUCNR1 and α-SMA expression. In human isolated fibroblasts from CD patients SUCNR1 expression was higher than in those from controls and treatment with succinate increased SUCNR1 expression, fibrotic markers and inflammatory cytokines through SUCNR1. This receptor modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in resting murine macrophages, macrophage polarization and fibroblast activation and Sucnr1-/- mice were protected against both acute TNBS-colitis and intestinal fibrosis induced by the heterotopic transplant of colonic tissue. We demonstrate increased succinate levels in serum and SUCNR1 expression in intestinal tissue of CD patients and show a role for SUCNR1 in murine intestinal inflammation and fibrosis.
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41
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Simmen S, Cosin-Roger J, Melhem H, Maliachovas N, Maane M, Baebler K, Weder B, Maeyashiki C, Spanaus K, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Iron Prevents Hypoxia-Associated Inflammation Through the Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Intestinal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:339-355. [PMID: 30704983 PMCID: PMC6357696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia-associated pathways influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factors, which are regulated by iron-dependent hydroxylases. Signals reflecting oxygen tension and iron levels in enterocytes regulate iron metabolism. Conversely, iron availability modulates responses to hypoxia. In the present study we sought to elucidate how iron influences the responses to hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium. METHODS Human subjects were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsy specimens and serum samples were collected. HT-29, Caco-2, and T84 cells were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia in the presence of iron or the iron chelator deferoxamine. Changes in inflammatory gene expression and signaling were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed using antibodies against nuclear factor (NF)-κB and primers for the promoter of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)1β. RESULTS Human subjects presented reduced levels of ferritin in the intestinal epithelium after hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced iron deprivation-associated TNF and IL1β expression in HT-29 cells through the induction of autophagy. Contrarily, hypoxia triggered TNF and IL1β expression, and NF-κB activation in Caco-2 and T84 cells. Iron blocked autophagy in Caco-2 cells, while reducing hypoxia-associated TNF and IL1β expression through the inhibition of NF-κB binding to the promoter of TNF and IL1β. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia promotes iron mobilization from the intestinal epithelium. Hypoxia-associated autophagy reduces inflammatory processes in HT-29 cells. In Caco-2 cells, iron uptake is essential to counteract hypoxia-induced inflammation. Iron mobilization into enterocytes may be a vital protective mechanism in the hypoxic inflamed mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Maliachovas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pedro A. Ruiz-Castro, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Shao T, Zhao C, Li F, Gu Z, Liu L, Zhang L, Wang Y, He L, Liu Y, Liu Q, Chen Y, Donde H, Wang R, Jala VR, Barve S, Chen SY, Zhang X, Chen Y, McClain CJ, Feng W. Intestinal HIF-1α deletion exacerbates alcoholic liver disease by inducing intestinal dysbiosis and barrier dysfunction. J Hepatol 2018; 69:886-895. [PMID: 29803899 PMCID: PMC6615474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been implicated in transcriptional regulation of intestinal barrier integrity and inflammation. We aimed to test the hypothesis that HIF-1α plays a critical role in gut microbiota homeostasis and the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity in a mouse model of ALD. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and intestinal epithelial-specific Hif1a knockout mice (IEhif1α-/-) were pair-fed modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 5% (w/v) alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin for 24 days. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and endotoxin were determined. Fecal microbiota were assessed. Liver steatosis and injury, and intestinal barrier integrity were evaluated. RESULTS Alcohol feeding increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and lipopolysaccharide, hepatic triglyceride concentration, and liver injury in the WT mice. These deleterious effects were exaggerated in IEhif1α-/- mice. Alcohol exposure resulted in greater reduction of the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, in IEhif1α-/- mice. In addition, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide and intestinal trefoil factor were further decreased by alcohol in IEhif1α-/- mice. Metagenomic analysis showed increased gut dysbiosis and significantly decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in IEhif1α-/- mice compared to the WT mice exposed to alcohol. An increased abundance of Akkermansia and a decreased level of Lactobacillus in IEhif1α-/- mice were also observed. Non-absorbable antibiotic treatment reversed the liver steatosis in both WT and IEhif1α-/- mice. CONCLUSION Intestinal HIF-1α is essential for the adaptative response to alcohol-induced changes in intestinal microbiota and barrier function associated with elevated endotoxemia and hepatic steatosis and injury. LAY SUMMARY Alcohol consumption alters gut microbiota and multiple intestinal barrier protecting factors that are regulated by intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Absence of intestinal HIF-1α exacerbates gut leakiness leading to an increased translocation of bacteria and bacterial products to the liver, consequently causing alcoholic liver disease. Intestinal specific upregulation of HIF-1α could be developed as a novel approach for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical Univesity, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiqing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Zelin Gu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Limimg Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical Univesity, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical Univesity, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hridgandh Donde
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical Univesity, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Venkatakrishna R. Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish Barve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yongping Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Robley Rex Louisville VAMC, Louisville, KY, USA,Corresponding authors: Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street CTR517, Louisville, KY, United State, 40202. Tel.: +1 502 852 2912; fax: +1 502 852 8927; , or or
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Alcohol Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Zhou M, Xu W, Wang J, Yan J, Shi Y, Zhang C, Ge W, Wu J, Du P, Chen Y. Boosting mTOR-dependent autophagy via upstream TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signalling and downstream NF-κB pathway quenches intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress injury. EBioMedicine 2018; 35:345-360. [PMID: 30170968 PMCID: PMC6161481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Defective autophagy has been proposed as an important event in a growing number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. However, the precise role of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent autophagy and its underlying regulatory mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium in response to inflammation and oxidative stress remain poorly understood. METHODS The levels of p-mTOR, LC3B, p62 and autophagy in mice and LPS-treated cells were examined by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We evaluated the expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, MDA, SOD and T-AOC by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and commercially available kits after silencing of mTOR and ATG5. In vivo modulation of mTOR and autophagy was achieved by using AZD8055, rapamycin and 3-methyladenine. Finally, to verify the involvement of TLR4 signalling and the NF-κB pathway in cells and active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and TEM were performed to determine TLR4 signalling relevance to autophagy and inflammation. RESULTS The mTOR-dependent autophagic flux impairment in a murine model of colitis, human intestinal epithelial cells and active UC patients is probably regulated by TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signalling and the NF-κB pathway. Silencing mTOR remarkably attenuated, whereas inhibiting ATG5 aggravated, LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative injury. Pharmacological administration of mTOR inhibitors and autophagy stimulators markedly ameliorated experimental colitis and oxidative stress in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings not only shed light on the regulatory mechanism of mTOR-dependent autophagy, but also provided potential therapeutic targets for intestinal inflammatory diseases such as refractory inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junkai Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wensong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
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44
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Cellular Stress Responses and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:7192646. [PMID: 30026758 PMCID: PMC6031203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7192646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progresses in the past two decades have greatly expanded our understanding of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an incurable disease with multifaceted and challenging clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of IBD involves multiple processes on the cellular level, which include the stress response signaling such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia. Under physiological conditions, the stress responses play key roles in cell survival, mucosal barrier integrity, and immunomodulation. However, they can also cause energy depletion, trigger cell death and tissue injury, promote inflammatory response, and drive the progression of clinical disease. In recent years, gut microflora has emerged as an essential pathogenic factor and therapeutic target for IBD. Altered compositional and metabolic profiles of gut microbiota, termed dysbiosis, are associated with IBD. Recent studies, although limited, have shed light on how ER stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxic stress interact with gut microorganisms, a potential source of stress in the microenvironment of gastrointestinal tract. Our knowledge of cellular stress responses in intestinal homeostasis as well as their cross-talks with gut microbiome will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and probably open avenues for new therapies.
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45
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Maiese K. Moving to the Rhythm with Clock (Circadian) Genes, Autophagy, mTOR, and SIRT1 in Degenerative Disease and Cancer. Curr Neurovasc Res 2018; 14:299-304. [PMID: 28721811 DOI: 10.2174/1567202614666170718092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian circadian clock and its associated clock genes are increasingly been recognized as critical components for a number of physiological and disease processes that extend beyond hormone release, thermal regulation, and sleep-wake cycles. New evidence suggests that clinical behavior disruptions that involve prolonged shift work and even space travel may negatively impact circadian rhythm and lead to multi-system disease. METHODS In light of the significant role circadian rhythm can hold over the body's normal physiology as well as disease processes, we examined and discussed the impact circadian rhythm and clock genes hold over lifespan, neurodegenerative disorders, and tumorigenesis. RESULTS In experimental models, lifespan is significantly reduced with the introduction of arrhythmic mutants and leads to an increase in oxidative stress exposure. Interestingly, patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease may suffer disease onset or progression as a result of alterations in the DNA methylation of clock genes as well as prolonged pharmacological treatment for these disorders that may lead to impairment of circadian rhythm function. Tumorigenesis also can occur with the loss of a maintained circadian rhythm and lead to an increased risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, breast cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer. Interestingly, the circadian clock system relies upon the regulation of the critical pathways of autophagy, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) as well as proliferative mechanisms that involve the wingless pathway of Wnt/β-catenin pathway to foster cell survival during injury and block tumor cell growth. CONCLUSION Future targeting of the pathways of autophagy, mTOR, SIRT1, and Wnt that control mammalian circadian rhythm may hold the key for the development of novel and effective therapies against aging- related disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, NY. United States
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46
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Mowat AM, Scott CL, Bain CC. Barrier-tissue macrophages: functional adaptation to environmental challenges. Nat Med 2017; 23:1258-1270. [PMID: 29117177 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are found throughout the body, where they have crucial roles in tissue development, homeostasis and remodeling, as well as being sentinels of the innate immune system that can contribute to protective immunity and inflammation. Barrier tissues, such as the intestine, lung, skin and liver, are exposed constantly to the outside world, which places special demands on resident cell populations such as macrophages. Here we review the mounting evidence that although macrophages in different barrier tissues may be derived from distinct progenitors, their highly specific properties are shaped by the local environment, which allows them to adapt precisely to the needs of their anatomical niche. We discuss the properties of macrophages in steady-state barrier tissues, outline the factors that shape their differentiation and behavior and describe how macrophages change during protective immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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47
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Cosin-Roger J, Simmen S, Melhem H, Atrott K, Frey-Wagner I, Hausmann M, de Vallière C, Spalinger MR, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28740109 PMCID: PMC5524634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia regulates autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3, two innate immune mechanisms linked by mutual regulation and associated to IBD. Here we show that hypoxia ameliorates inflammation during the development of colitis by modulating autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NLRP3 pathway. Hypoxia significantly reduces tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and NLRP3 expression, and increases the turnover of the autophagy protein p62 in colon biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients, and in samples from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and Il-10−/− mice. In vitro, NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 expression are reduced through hypoxia-induced autophagy. We also identify NLRP3 as a novel binding partner of mTOR. Dimethyloxalylglycine-mediated hydroxylase inhibition ameliorates colitis in mice, downregulates NLRP3 and promotes autophagy. We suggest that hypoxia counteracts inflammation through the downregulation of the binding of mTOR and NLRP3 and activation of autophagy. Hypoxia and HIF-1α activation are protective in mouse models of colitis, and the latter regulates autophagy. Here Cosin-Roger et al. show that hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s patients and murine colitis models by inhibiting mTOR/NLRP3 pathway and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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48
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Diversity and functions of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:845-864. [PMID: 28378807 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mφ) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation. In the current review we discuss the function of intestinal cDC and monocyte-derived MNP, highlighting how these subsets play several non-redundant roles in the regulation of intestinal immune responses. While much remains to be learnt, recent findings also underline how the various populations of MNP adapt to deal with the challenges specific to their environment. Understanding these processes should help target individual subsets for 'fine tuning' immunological responses within the intestine, a process that may be of relevance both for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and for optimized vaccine design.
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49
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Macias-Ceja DC, Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masiá D, Salvador P, Hernández C, Esplugues JV, Calatayud S, Barrachina MD. Stimulation of autophagy prevents intestinal mucosal inflammation and ameliorates murine colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2501-2511. [PMID: 28500644 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Defective autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and there are interactions between autophagy and inflammation. Here we have analysed the effects of autophagy stimulators on murine colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were treated with intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) (3.5 mg·20 g-1 ) and body weight was measured daily. Histological damage was scored 2 or 4 days after treatment. Some mice received trehalose (3% in drinking water 3 weeks before TNBS administration) or a daily administration of rapamycin (1.25 mg·kg-1 , i.p.), betanin (1 g·kg-1 , i.p.) or betanin + 3-methyladenine (3MA) (10 mg·kg-1 , i.p.). Protein levels of p-mTOR, p62, LC3, BCL10, NFκB, IκBα and p-IκBα in mucosa were determined by Western blots and mRNA expression of TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL10, COX2, CCR7, CD11c, inducible NOS and CD86 by qRT-PCR. KEY RESULTS Impaired autophagy associated with body weight loss and intestinal damage was detected in the mucosa of TNBS-treated mice. Administration of trehalose, rapamycin or betanin prevented the impaired autophagic flux induced by TNBS and decreased mucosal protein levels of BCL10, p-IκBα and NFκB-p65 and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and M1 macrophage markers. Blockade of autophagosome formation by treatment with 3MA, prevented the reduction in protein levels of p62, BCL10, p-IκBα and NFκB-p65 induced by betanin in TNBS-treated mice and weakened the protective effects of betanin on murine colitis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pharmacological stimulation of mucosal autophagy reduced intestinal inflammation and improved murine colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masiá
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernández
- FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- FISABIO, Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Glover LE, Lee JS, Colgan SP. Oxygen metabolism and barrier regulation in the intestinal mucosa. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3680-3688. [PMID: 27500494 DOI: 10.1172/jci84429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells and provide an important barrier to the flux of antigens from the outside. This barrier is provided at a number of levels, including epithelial junctional complexes, mucus production, and mucosa-derived antimicrobials. Tissue metabolism is central to the maintenance of homeostasis in the mucosa. In the intestine, for example, baseline pO2 levels are uniquely low due to counter-current blood flow and the presence of large numbers of bacteria. As such, hypoxia and HIF signaling predominates normal intestinal metabolism and barrier regulation during both homeostasis and active inflammation. Contributing factors that elicit important adaptive responses within the mucosa include the transcriptional regulation of tight junction proteins, metabolic regulation of barrier components, and changes in autophagic flux. Here, we review recent literature around the topic of hypoxia and barrier function in health and during disease.
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