1
|
Wu Y, Huang L, Li M, Cui X, Zhu J, Zhan Q, Wang C. Association between the lung microbiome and perioperative prognosis in lung transplant recipients. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae089. [PMID: 38573839 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies have confirmed that the lung microbiome of lung transplant recipients is altered and serves as a prognostic indicator for long-term mortality. Other studies reported that the lung microbiome affects host immunity and the transcriptome. However, the lung microbiome composition at the early post-transplant period following lung transplantation is unclear, and the relationship of the lung microbiome with pulmonary immunity and the host transcriptome is also not well understood. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that changes in the lung microbiome composition in the early post-transplant period may have a predictive value for perioperative outcomes following lung transplantation and that the lung microbiome is correlated with pulmonary immunity and the host transcriptome. Thus, this prospective study aimed at observing the lung microbiome composition in the early post-transplant period and the impact of the lung microbiome on pulmonary cytokines and the host transcriptome. Our findings will help us gain a comprehensive understanding of the distribution and significance of the lung microbiome in the early post-transplant period. METHODS An observational study was conducted to identify the lung microbiome and the host transcriptome characteristics using next-generation sequencing. Luminex was employed for quantifying alveolar cytokines. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to assess the impact of the lung microbiome on pulmonary immunity and differentially expressed genes in patients who died perioperatively after lung transplantation. RESULTS Patients with poor perioperative outcomes showed an increase in Mycoplasma and Arcobacter, a decrease of Gemella, and increased interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration. The lung microbiome correlates with lung immunity in lung transplant recipients. In the death group, the function of differentially expressed genes is associated with cell apoptosis, and promoting TNF production is upregulated. The lung microbiome is related to differentially expressed genes between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The lung microbiome and cytokines can be considered as potential biomarkers for early prognosis in lung transplant recipients. The lung microbiome is associated with both lung immunity and differentially expressed genes in lung transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Linna Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carter H, Costa RM, Adams TS, Gilchrist T, Emch CE, Bame M, Oldham JM, Linderholm AL, Noth I, Kaminski N, Moore BB, Gurczynski SJ. Dendritic Cell - Fibroblast Crosstalk via TLR9 and AHR Signaling Drives Lung Fibrogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.584457. [PMID: 38559175 PMCID: PMC10980010 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.584457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive scarring and loss of lung function. With limited treatment options, patients succumb to the disease within 2-5 years. The molecular pathogenesis of IPF regarding the immunologic changes that occur is poorly understood. We characterize a role for non-canonical aryl-hydrocarbon receptor signaling (ncAHR) in dendritic cells (DCs) that leads to production of IL-6 and IL-17, promoting fibrosis. TLR9 signaling in myofibroblasts is shown to regulate production of TDO2 which converts tryptophan into the endogenous AHR ligand kynurenine. Mice with augmented ncAHR signaling were created by crossing floxed AHR exon-2 deletion mice (AHR Δex2 ) with mice harboring a CD11c-Cre. Bleomycin was used to study fibrotic pathogenesis. Isolated CD11c+ cells and primary fibroblasts were treated ex-vivo with relevant TLR agonists and AHR modulating compounds to study how AHR signaling influenced inflammatory cytokine production. Human datasets were also interrogated. Inhibition of all AHR signaling rescued fibrosis, however, AHR Δex2 mice treated with bleomycin developed more fibrosis and DCs from these mice were hyperinflammatory and profibrotic upon adoptive transfer. Treatment of fibrotic fibroblasts with TLR9 agonist increased expression of TDO2. Study of human samples corroborate the relevance of these findings in IPF patients. We also, for the first time, identify that AHR exon-2 floxed mice retain capacity for ncAHR signaling.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Huang L, Li M, Cui X, Zhan Q, Wang C. The role of lung microbiota in primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e15152. [PMID: 37788167 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.15152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiota is altered in critically ill patients and predicts clinical outcomes. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a common complication and a leading cause of death within 1 month of lung transplantation, but the clinical significance of changes in the lung bacterial community during PGD is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the lung microbiota to the development and course of severe PGD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study to characterize the lung microbiota of 32 lung transplant patients with combined PGD using next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage samples. The relationship between lung flora dysbiosis and lung immunity in PGD was assessed by quantification of alveolar cytokines. The contribution of microbiota characteristics to patient outcomes was assessed by estimating overall survival. RESULTS Patients diagnosed with PGD grade 3 showed a reduction in alpha diversity, driven by a significant increase in the abundance of the genera Modestobacter, Scardovia and Selenomonas, and a reduction in the proportion of the genera Klebsiella and Oribacterium. Alpha diversity of the lung microbiota in PGD3 patients was negatively correlated with BALF interleukin (IL)-2 (r = -.752, p < .05). In addition, bacterial diversity in the lung microbiota of non-survivors was lower than that of survivors (p = .041). CONCLUSIONS There is variation in the lung microbiota of PGD grade 3 patients and dysbiosis of the lung microbiota is associated with lung immunity. The lung microbiota has potential in the diagnosis and treatment of PGD grade 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Watanabe T, Juvet SC, Berra G, Havlin J, Zhong W, Boonstra K, Daigneault T, Horie M, Konoeda C, Teskey G, Guan Z, Hwang DM, Liu M, Keshavjee S, Martinu T. Donor IL-17 receptor A regulates LPS-potentiated acute and chronic murine lung allograft rejection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158002. [PMID: 37937643 PMCID: PMC10721268 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a major complication after lung transplantation that results from a complex interplay of innate inflammatory and alloimmune factors, culminating in parenchymal and/or obliterative airway fibrosis. Excessive IL-17A signaling and chronic inflammation have been recognized as key factors in these pathological processes. Herein, we developed a model of repeated airway inflammation in mouse minor alloantigen-mismatched single-lung transplantation. Repeated intratracheal LPS instillations augmented pulmonary IL-17A expression. LPS also increased acute rejection, airway epithelial damage, and obliterative airway fibrosis, similar to human explanted lung allografts with antecedent episodes of airway infection. We then investigated the role of donor and recipient IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) in this context. Donor IL-17RA deficiency significantly attenuated acute rejection and CLAD features, whereas recipient IL-17RA deficiency only slightly reduced airway obliteration in LPS allografts. IL-17RA immunofluorescence positive staining was greater in human CLAD lungs compared with control human lung specimens, with localization to fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which was also seen in mouse LPS allografts. Taken together, repeated airway inflammation after lung transplantation caused local airway epithelial damage, with persistent elevation of IL-17A and IL-17RA expression and particular involvement of IL-17RA on donor structural cells in development of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Watanabe
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen C. Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Berra
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan Havlin
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenshan Zhong
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Boonstra
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Daigneault
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chihiro Konoeda
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Teskey
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zehong Guan
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Liu R, Wei C, Li D, Gao X. The role of IL-17 in lung cancer growth. Cytokine 2023; 169:156265. [PMID: 37348188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an inflammatory cytokine with multiple roles in immune protection, immunopathology, and inflammation-related tumors. Lung cancer is inflammation-related cancer, and a large number of studies have shown that IL-17 contributes to the metastasis and progression of lung cancer. However, some studies have shown that IL17 inhibits the occurrence of lung cancer. At present, there is still some controversy about the role of IL17 in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. This review introduces the basic characteristics of IL-17 and focuses on its role in lung cancer, in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Renli Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaojie Wei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiuzhu Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun L, Wang L, Moore BB, Zhang S, Xiao P, Decker AM, Wang HL. IL-17: Balancing Protective Immunity and Pathogenesis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:3360310. [PMID: 37600066 PMCID: PMC10439834 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3360310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological role of interleukin 17 (IL-17) has been explored during recent decades and identified as a pivotal player in coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses. Notably, IL-17 functions as a double-edged sword with both destructive and protective immunological roles. While substantial progress has implicated unrestrained IL-17 in a variety of infectious diseases or autoimmune conditions, IL-17 plays an important role in protecting the host against pathogens and maintaining physiological homeostasis. In this review, we describe canonical IL-17 signaling mechanisms promoting neutrophils recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production, and maintaining the epithelium barrier integrity, as well as some noncanonical mechanisms involving IL-17 that elicit protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lufei Wang
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Immunological Disease Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ann M. Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Falcón-Cama V, Montero-González T, Acosta-Medina EF, Guillen-Nieto G, Berlanga-Acosta J, Fernández-Ortega C, Alfonso-Falcón A, Gilva-Rodríguez N, López-Nocedo L, Cremata-García D, Matos-Terrero M, Pentón-Rol G, Valdés I, Oramas-Díaz L, Suarez-Batista A, Noa-Romero E, Cruz-Sui O, Sánchez D, Borrego-Díaz AI, Valdés-Carreras JE, Vizcaino A, Suárez-Alba J, Valdés-Véliz R, Bergado G, González MA, Hernandez T, Alvarez-Arzola R, Ramírez-Suárez AC, Casillas-Casanova D, Lemos-Pérez G, Blanco-Águila OR, Díaz A, González Y, Bequet-Romero M, Marín-Prida J, Hernández-Perera JC, Del Rosario-Cruz L, Marin-Díaz AP, González-Bravo M, Borrajero I, Acosta-Rivero N. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples, revealing cellular targets involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2023; 168:96. [PMID: 36842152 PMCID: PMC9968404 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-host interactions involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, which might contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples of patients who died with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its relationship with host factors involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, using microscopy-based methods. The cases analyzed showed advanced stages of diffuse acute alveolar damage and fibrosis. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NC) in a variety of cells, colocalizing with mitochondrial proteins, lipid droplets (LDs), and key host proteins that have been implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (vimentin, NLRP3, fibronectin, LC3B, DDX3X, and PPARγ), pointing to vimentin and LDs as platforms involved not only in the viral life cycle but also in inflammation and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient´s nasal swab was grown in cell culture and used to infect hamsters. Target cells identified in human tissue samples included lung epithelial and endothelial cells; lipogenic fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) showing features of lipofibroblasts such as activated PPARγ signaling and LDs; lung FLCs expressing fibronectin and vimentin and macrophages, both with evidence of NLRP3- and IL1β-induced responses; regulatory cells expressing immune-checkpoint proteins involved in lung repair responses and contributing to inflammatory responses in the lung; CD34+ liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes expressing vimentin; renal interstitial cells; and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly interfere with critical lung, renal, and liver functions involved in COVID-19-pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Emilio F Acosta-Medina
- Center for Advanced Studies of Cuba, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Guillen-Nieto
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Celia Fernández-Ortega
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nathalie Gilva-Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lilianne López-Nocedo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daina Cremata-García
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mariuska Matos-Terrero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Oramas-Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anamarys Suarez-Batista
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Enrique Noa-Romero
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Otto Cruz-Sui
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - José Suárez-Alba
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés-Véliz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gretchen Bergado
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Miguel A González
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernandez
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rydell Alvarez-Arzola
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anna C Ramírez-Suárez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dionne Casillas-Casanova
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilda Lemos-Pérez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Bequet-Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Alina P Marin-Díaz
- International Orthopedic Scientific Complex 'Frank Pais Garcia', Havana, Cuba
| | - Maritza González-Bravo
- Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Calle 25 entre J e I, #455, Plaza de la Revolucion, 10400, Havana, Cuba. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, INF 344, GO.1, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bryushkova EA, Skatova VD, Mutovina ZY, Zagrebneva AI, Fomina DS, Kruglova TS, Akopyan AA, Strazhesko ID, Lukyanov SA, Tkacheva ON, Lysenko MA, Chudakov DM. Tocilizumab, netakimab, and baricitinib in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: An observational study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273340. [PMID: 36001576 PMCID: PMC9401152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to assess inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in adult patients admitted to hospital with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and treated with a combination of standard-of-care (SOC) and targeted immunosuppressive therapy including anti-IL-17A (netakimab), anti-IL-6R (tocilizumab), or JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor (baricitinib) or with a standard-of-care therapy alone. Methods The observational cohort study included 154 adults hospitalized between February and August, 2020 with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 with National Early Warning Score2 (NEWS2) < 7 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels ≤ 140 mg/L on the day of the start of the therapy or observation. Patients were divided into the following groups: I) 4 mg baricitinib, 1 or 2 times a day for an average of 5 days (n = 38); II) 120 mg netakimab, one dose (n = 48); III) 400 mg tocilizumab, one dose (n = 34), IV) SOC only: hydroxychloroquine, antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulant, and dexamethasone (n = 34). Results CRP levels significantly decreased after 72 h in the tocilizumab (p = 1 x 10-5) and netakimab (p = 8 x 10-4) groups and remained low after 120 h. The effect was stronger with tocilizumab compared to other groups (p = 0.028). A significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels was observed 72 h after netakimab therapy (p = 0.029). NEWS2 scores significantly improved 72 h after tocilizumab (p = 6.8 x 10-5) and netakimab (p = 0.01) therapy, and 120 h after the start of tocilizumab (p = 8.6 x 10-5), netakimab (p = 0.001), or baricitinib (p = 4.6 x 10-4) therapy, but not in the SOC group. Blood neutrophil counts (p = 6.4 x 10-4) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (p = 0.006) significantly increased 72 h after netakimab therapy and remained high after 120 h. The percentage of patients discharged 5-7 days after the start of therapy was higher in the tocilizumab (44.1%) and netakimab (41.7%) groups than in the baricitinib (31.6%) and SOC (23.5%) groups. Compared to SOC (3 of the 34; 8.8%), mortality was lower in netakimab (0 of the 48; 0%, RR = 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0054 to 1.91)), tocilizumab (0 of the 34; 0%, RR = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.0077 to 2.67)), and baricitinib (1 of the 38; 2.6%, RR = 0.3 (95% CI: 0.033 to 2.73)) groups. Conclusion In hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, the combination of SOC with anti-IL-17A or anti-IL-6R therapy were superior or comparable to the combination with JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, and all three were superior to SOC alone. Whereas previous studies did not demonstrate significant benefit of anti-IL-17A therapy for severe COVID-19, our data suggest that such therapy could be a rational choice for mild-to-moderate disease, considering the generally high safety profile of IL-17A blockers. The significant increase in blood neutrophil count in the netakimab group may reflect efflux of neutrophils from inflamed tissues. We therefore hypothesize that neutrophil count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio could serve as markers of therapeutic efficiency for IL-17A-blocking antibodies in the context of active inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Bryushkova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria D. Skatova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zinaida Y. Mutovina
- City Clinical Hospital No.52 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena I. Zagrebneva
- City Clinical Hospital No.52 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S. Fomina
- City Clinical Hospital No.52 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana S. Kruglova
- City Clinical Hospital No.52 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Akopyan
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga N. Tkacheva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maryana A. Lysenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital No.52 of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Chudakov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spagnolo P, Tonelli R, Samarelli AV, Castelli G, Cocconcelli E, Petrarulo S, Cerri S, Bernardinello N, Clini E, Saetta M, Balestro E. The role of immune response in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: far beyond the Th1/Th2 imbalance. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:617-631. [PMID: 35983984 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION . Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease of unknown origin characterized by progressive scarring of the lung leading to irreversible loss of function. Despite the availability of two drugs that are able to slow down disease progression, IPF remains a deadly disease. The pathogenesis of IPF is poorly understood, but a dysregulated wound healing response following recurrent alveolar epithelial injury is thought to be crucial. Areas covered. In the last few years, the role of the immune system in IPF pathobiology has been reconsidered; indeed, recent data suggest that a dysfunctional immune system may promote and unfavorable interplay with pro-fibrotic pathways thus acting as a cofactor in disease development and progression. In this article, we review and critically discuss the role of T cells in the pathogenesis and progression of IPF in the attempt to highlight ways in which further research in this area may enable the development of targeted immunomodulatory therapies for this dreadful disease. EXPERT OPINION A better understanding of T cells interactions has the potential to facilitate the development of immune modulators targeting multiple T cell-mediated pathways thus halting disease initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gioele Castelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cocconcelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Petrarulo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Nicol Bernardinello
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,University Hospital of Modena, Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marina Saetta
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Balestro
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hasan M, Paul NC, Paul SK, Saikat ASM, Akter H, Mandal M, Lee SS. Natural Product-Based Potential Therapeutic Interventions of Pulmonary Fibrosis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051481. [PMID: 35268581 PMCID: PMC8911636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a disease-refractive lung condition with an increased rate of mortality. The potential factors causing PF include viral infections, radiation exposure, and toxic airborne chemicals. Idiopathic PF (IPF) is related to pneumonia affecting the elderly and is characterized by recurring scar formation in the lungs. An impaired wound healing process, defined by the dysregulated aggregation of extracellular matrix components, triggers fibrotic scar formation in the lungs. The potential pathogenesis includes oxidative stress, altered cell signaling, inflammation, etc. Nintedanib and pirfenidone have been approved with a conditional endorsement for the management of IPF. In addition, natural product-based treatment strategies have shown promising results in treating PF. In this study, we reviewed the recently published literature and discussed the potential uses of natural products, classified into three types—isolated active compounds, crude extracts of plants, and traditional medicine, consisting of mixtures of different plant products—in treating PF. These natural products are promising in the treatment of PF via inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial mesenchymal transition, as well as affecting TGF-β-mediated cell signaling, etc. Based on the current review, we have revealed the signaling mechanisms of PF pathogenesis and the potential opportunities offered by natural product-based medicine in treating PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Nidhan Chandra Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Shamrat Kumar Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Hafeza Akter
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Medical Science Research Foundation, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Dhaka 8100, Bangladesh; (N.C.P.); (S.K.P.); (A.S.M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Oriental Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.-S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singh N, Arora N. Diesel exhaust exposure in mice induces pulmonary fibrosis by TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150623. [PMID: 34610407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest increased risk of lung cancer associated with diesel exhaust (DE) exposure. However, DE-induced lung fibrosis may lead to cancer and needs investigation. OBJECTIVES To study the mechanism involved in the initiation of DE- induced lung fibrosis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to DE for 30 min/day for 5 days/weeks for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function test was performed to measure lung function. Mice were euthanized to collect BALF, blood, and lung tissue. BALF was used for cell count and cytokine analysis. Lung tissue slides were stained to examine structural integrity. RNA from lung tissue was used for RT-PCR. Immunoblots were performed to study fibrosis and EMT pathway. RESULTS Mice exposed to DE increase lung resistance and tissue elastance with decrease in inspiratory capacity (p < 0.05) suggesting lung function impairment. BALF showed significantly increased macrophages, neutrophils and monocytes (p < 0.01). Additionally, there was an increase in inflammation and alveolar wall thickening in lungs (p < 0.01) correlates with cellular infiltration. Macrophages had black soot deposition in lung tissue of DE exposed mice. Lung section staining revealed increase in mucus producing goblet cells for clearance of soot in lung. DE exposed lung showed increased collagen deposition and hydroxyproline residue (p < 0.01). Repetitive exposure of DE in mice lead to tissue remodeling in lung, demonstrated by fibrotic foci and smooth muscles. A significant increase in α-SMA and fibronectin (p < 0.05) in lung indicate progression of pulmonary fibrosis. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was activated with increase in P-smad3 expression in DE exposed mice. Decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased vimentin (p < 0.05) in lungs of DE exposed mice indicate epithelial to mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION DE exposure to mice induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis thereby remodeling tissue. The study demonstrates TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway involvement with an activation of EMT in DE exposed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Singh
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naveen Arora
- Allergy and Immunology Section, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu Y, Jiang Y, Liu S, Shen J, An Y. Phenotypes, Lung Microbiota and Cytokine Responses in Pneumonia After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6055-6065. [PMID: 34824541 PMCID: PMC8610763 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aim to identify phenotypes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients with pneumonia, discover relations of microbiota composition, cytokine profile, and outcomes between phenotypes. Specific cytokines will be evaluated for their role in lung injury in a murine model. Methods HSCT patients with pneumonia were included, and clustering of variables including cytokine levels provided the phenotypes. Outcomes were compared between phenotypes. Analysis of lung microbiota identified marker species of phenotypes. In the murine model, marker species-related cytokine regulations and the role of cytokines in lung injury were evaluated. Results Seventy-two patients were included, and two phenotypes were identified, namely "reactive" (N=21) and "nonreactive" (N=51) phenotype. Compared to their counterparts, patients with nonreactive phenotype had lower serum IL-6, IL-8, less severe inflammation, worse outcomes and more viruses as marker species in lung microbiota. The animal study validated the pathogens specific cytokine responses that presented in the human study and the potential protective role of IL-6 in these patients. Conclusion HSCT patients with pneumonia can be clustered into two phenotypes with different marker species and outcomes: the "nonreactive" phenotype and the "reactive" phenotype. Serum cytokine levels were different between the two phenotypes, which indicate the existence of the pathogen-related cytokine responses. For patients with the "nonreactive" phenotype, IL-6 therapy may improve their prognosis, which should be further tested in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youzhong An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bellando-Randone S, Della-Torre E, Balanescu A. The role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: Pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic? JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2021; 6:227-235. [PMID: 35387209 PMCID: PMC8922653 DOI: 10.1177/23971983211039421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is characterized by widespread fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, vascular impairment, and dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune system. Growing evidence indicates that T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion play a major role in the initiation of systemic sclerosis, but the role of T helper 17 cells and of interleukin-17 cytokines in the development and progression of the disease remains controversial. In particular, an equally distributed body of literature supports both pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic effects of interleukin-17, suggesting a complex and nuanced role of this cytokine in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis that may vary depending on disease stage, target cells in affected organs, and inflammatory milieu. Although interleukin-17 already represents an established therapeutic target for several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, more robust experimental evidence is required to clarify whether it may become an attractive therapeutic target for systemic sclerosis as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and
Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence,
Italy
| | - Emanuel Della-Torre
- Università Vita-Salute San
Raffaele, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology,
Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute,
Milan, Italy
| | - Andra Balanescu
- “Carol Davila” University of
Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology,
“Sf. Maria” Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou X, Moore BB. Experimental Models of Infectious Pulmonary Complications Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718603. [PMID: 34484223 PMCID: PMC8415416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. The prevalence and type of infection changes over time and is influenced by the course of immune reconstitution post-transplant. The interaction between pathogens and host immune responses is complex in HCT settings, since the conditioning regimens create periods of neutropenia and immunosuppressive drugs are often needed to prevent graft rejection and limit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Experimental murine models of transplantation are valuable tools for dissecting the procedure-related alterations to innate and adaptive immunity. Here we review mouse models of post-HCT infectious pulmonary complications, primarily focused on three groups of pathogens that frequently infect HCT recipients: bacteria (often P. aeruginosa), fungus (primarily Aspergillus fumigatus), and viruses (primarily herpesviruses). These mouse models have advanced our knowledge regarding how the conditioning and HCT process negatively impacts innate immunity and have provided new potential strategies of managing the infections. Studies using mouse models have also validated clinical observations suggesting that prior or occult infections are a potential etiology of noninfectious pulmonary complications post-HCT as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zinter MS, Hume JR. Effects of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on the Pulmonary Immune Response to Infection. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:634566. [PMID: 33575235 PMCID: PMC7871005 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.634566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections are common in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients of all ages and are associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens are all represented as causes of infection. The lung mounts a complex immune response to infection and this response is significantly affected by the pre-HCT conditioning regimen, graft characteristics, and ongoing immunomodulatory therapy. We review the published literature, including animal models as well as human data, to describe what is known about the pulmonary immune response to infection in HCT recipients. Studies have focused on the pulmonary immune response to Aspergillus fumigatus, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and viruses, and show a range of defects associated with both the innate and adaptive immune responses after HCT. There are still many open areas for research, to delineate novel therapeutic targets for pulmonary infections as well as to explore linkages to non-infectious inflammatory lung conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt S. Zinter
- Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Critical Care and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Janet R. Hume
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gurczynski SJ, Pereira NL, Hrycaj SM, Wilke C, Zemans RL, Moore BB. Stem cell transplantation uncovers TDO-AHR regulation of lung dendritic cells in herpesvirus-induced pathology. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139965. [PMID: 33491663 PMCID: PMC7934859 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an intracellular sensor of aromatic hydrocarbons that sits at the top of various immunomodulatory pathways. Here, we present evidence that AHR plays a role in controlling IL-17 responses and the development of pulmonary fibrosis in response to respiratory pathogens following bone marrow transplant (BMT). Mice infected intranasally with gamma-herpesvirus 68 (γHV-68) following BMT displayed elevated levels of the AHR ligand, kynurenine (kyn), in comparison with control mice. Inhibition or genetic ablation of AHR signaling resulted in a significant decrease in IL-17 expression as well as a reduction in lung pathology. Lung CD103+ DCs expressed AHR following BMT, and treatment of induced CD103+ DCs with kyn resulted in altered cytokine production in response to γHV-68. Interestingly, mice deficient in the kyn-producing enzyme indolamine 2-3 dioxygenase showed no differences in cytokine responses to γHV-68 following BMT; however, isolated pulmonary fibroblasts infected with γHV-68 expressed the kyn-producing enzyme tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO2). Our data indicate that alterations in the production of AHR ligands in response to respiratory pathogens following BMT results in a pro-Th17 phenotype that drives lung pathology. We have further identified the TDO2/AHR axis as a potentially novel form of intercellular communication between fibroblasts and DCs that shapes immune responses to respiratory pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gurczynski
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Nicolas L Pereira
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Steven M Hrycaj
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Carol Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
IL-17A Contributes to Lung Fibrosis in a Model of Chronic Pulmonary Graft-versus-host Disease. Transplantation 2020; 103:2264-2274. [PMID: 31658231 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary graft-versus-host disease (cpGVHD) after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) manifests as progressive airway and parenchymal lung fibrosis. On the basis of our prior data, mice that undergo allogeneic HCT with Tbet-knockout donors (AlloTbet) have increased lung Th17 cells and IL-17A and develop fibrosis resembling human cpGVHD. The role of IL-17A in posttransplant pulmonary fibrosis remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that IL-17A is necessary for development of murine cpGVHD in this model. METHODS AlloTbet mice received weekly intraperitoneal anti-IL-17A or IgG (200 μg/mouse) starting 2 weeks post-HCT and were sacrificed after week 5. Histologic airway and parenchymal fibrosis were semiquantitatively graded in a blinded fashion. Lung cells and proteins were measured by flow cytometry, ELISA, and multicytokine assays. RESULTS Anti-IL-17A modestly decreased airway and parenchymal lung fibrosis, along with a striking reduction in pulmonary neutrophilia, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL5 in AlloTbet mice. Additionally, anti-IL-17A decreased CCL2, inflammatory monocytes and macrophages, and Th17 cells. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of murine AlloHCT with Tbet donors, IL-17A blockade decreases fibrotic features of cpGVHD. This may be mediated by the observed reduction in neutrophils or specific lung monocyte and macrophage populations or alternatively via a direct effect on fibroblasts. Collectively, our results further suggest that anti-IL-17A strategies could prove useful in preventing alloimmune-driven fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pfavayi LT, Sibanda EN, Mutapi F. The Pathogenesis of Fungal-Related Diseases and Allergies in the African Population: The State of the Evidence and Knowledge Gaps. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:257-269. [PMID: 32069461 DOI: 10.1159/000506009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases in the African continent has received limited attention with the allergic diseases due to fungal allergens being among the least studied. This lead to the opinion being that the prevalence of allergic disease is low in Africa. Recent reports from different African countries indicate that this is not the case as allergic conditions are common and some; particularly those due to fungal allergens are increasing in prevalence. Thus, there is need to understand both the aetiology and pathogenies of these diseases, particularly the neglected fungal allergic diseases. This review addresses currently available knowledge of fungal-induced allergy, disease pathogenesis comparing findings from human versus experimental mouse studies of fungal allergy. The review discusses the potential role of the gut mycobiome and the extent to which this is relevant to fungal allergy, diagnosis and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Tsitsi Pfavayi
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom, .,Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,
| | - Elopy Nimele Sibanda
- Asthma Allergy and Immunology Clinic, Twin Palms Medical Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Pathology, National University of Science and Technology Medical School, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.,NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,NIHR Global Health Research Unit Tackling Infections to Benefit Africa, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wilke CA, Chadwick MM, Chan PR, Moore BB, Zhou X. Stem cell transplantation impairs dendritic cell trafficking and herpesvirus immunity. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130210. [PMID: 31479426 PMCID: PMC6795288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are at high risk of infection, which accounts for one-third of all deaths related to stem cell transplantation. Little is known about the cause of inferior host defense after immune cell reconstitution. Here, we exploited a murine syngeneic BM transplantation (BMT) model of late infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) to determine the role of conventional DC (cDC) trafficking in adaptive immunity in BMT mice. After infection, the expression of chemokine Ccl21 in the lung is reduced and the migration of cDCs into lung draining lymph nodes (dLNs) is impaired in BMT mice, limiting the opportunity for cDCs to prime Th cells in the dLNs. While cDC subsets are redundant in priming Th1 cells, Notch2 functions in cDC2s are required for priming increased Th17 responses in BMT mice, and cDC1s can lessen this activity. Importantly, Th17 cells can be primed both in the lungs and dLNs, allowing for increased Th17 responses without optimum cDC trafficking in BMT mice. Taken together, impaired cDC trafficking in BMT mice reduces protective Th1 responses and allows increased pathogenic Th17 responses. Thus, we have revealed a previously unknown mechanism for BMT procedures to cause long-term inferior immune responses to herpes viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A. Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mathew M. Chadwick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul R. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma WT, Yao XT, Peng Q, Chen DK. The protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 in viral infections: friend or foe? Open Biol 2019; 9:190109. [PMID: 31337278 PMCID: PMC6685926 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections cause substantial human morbidity and mortality, and are a significant health burden worldwide. Following a viral infection, the host may initiate complex antiviral immune responses to antagonize viral invasion and replication. However, proinflammatory antiviral immune responses pose a great threat to the host if not properly held in check. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a pleiotropic cytokine participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including tissue integrity maintenance, cancer progression, autoimmune disease development and, more intriguingly, infectious diseases. Abundant evidence suggests that while IL-17 plays a crucial role in enhancing effective antiviral immune responses, it may also promote and exacerbate virus-induced illnesses. Accumulated experimental and clinical evidence has broadened our understanding of the seemingly paradoxical role of IL-17 in viral infections and suggests that IL-17-targeted immunotherapy may be a promising therapeutic option. Herein, we summarize current knowledge regarding the protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 in viral infections, with emphasis on underlying mechanisms. The various and critical roles of IL-17 in viral infections necessitate the development of therapeutic strategies that are uniquely tailored to both the infectious agent and the infection environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ting Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou X, O’Dwyer DN, Xia M, Miller HK, Chan PR, Trulik K, Chadwick MM, Hoffman TC, Bulte C, Sekerak K, Wilke CA, Patel SJ, Yokoyama WM, Murray S, Yanik GA, Moore BB. First-Onset Herpesviral Infection and Lung Injury in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:63-74. [PMID: 30742492 PMCID: PMC6603051 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201809-1635oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: "Noninfectious" pulmonary complications are significant causes of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. Early-onset viral reactivations or infections are common after transplant. Whether the first-onset viral infection causes noninfectious pulmonary complications is unknown. Objectives: To determine whether the first-onset viral infection within 100 days after transplant predisposes to development of noninfectious pulmonary complications. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 738 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant patients enrolled from 2005 to 2011. We also established a novel bone marrow transplantation mouse model to test whether herpesviral reactivation after transplant causes organ injury. Measurements and Main Results: First-onset viral infections with human herpesvirus 6 or Epstein-Barr virus within 100 days after transplant increase the risk of developing idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 5.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-18.96; P = 0.007; and aHR, 9.21; 95% CI, 2.63-32.18; P = 0.001, respectively). First infection with human cytomegalovirus increases risk of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (aHR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.50-5.55; P = 0.002) and grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06-2.39; P = 0.02). Murine roseolovirus, a homolog of human herpesvirus 6, can also be reactivated in the lung and other organs after bone marrow transplantation. Reactivation of murine roseolovirus induced an idiopathic pneumonia syndrome-like phenotype and aggravated acute graft-versus-host disease. Conclusions: First-onset herpesviral infection within 100 days after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant increases risk of pulmonary complications. Experimentally reactivating murine roseolovirus causes organ injury similar to phenotypes seen in human transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - David N. O’Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and
| | - Holly K. Miller
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona; and
| | - Paul R. Chan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Kelsey Trulik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Mathew M. Chadwick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Timothy C. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Camille Bulte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin Sekerak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol A. Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Swapneel J. Patel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan Murray
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and
| | - Gregory A. Yanik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Warheit-Niemi HI, Hult EM, Moore BB. A pathologic two-way street: how innate immunity impacts lung fibrosis and fibrosis impacts lung immunity. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1065. [PMID: 31293783 PMCID: PMC6593479 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is characterised by the accumulation of extracellular matrix within the lung and is secondary to both known and unknown aetiologies. This accumulation of scar tissue limits gas exchange causing respiratory insufficiency. The pathogenesis of lung fibrosis is poorly understood, but immunologic‐based treatments have been largely ineffective. Despite this, accumulating evidence suggests that innate immune cells and receptors play important modulatory roles in the initiation and propagation of the disease. Paradoxically, while innate immune signalling may be important for the pathogenesis of fibrosis, there is also evidence to suggest that innate immune function against pathogens may be impaired, leading to dysregulated and/or impaired host defence. This review summarises the evidence for this pathologic two‐way street, highlights new concepts of pathogenesis and recommends future directions for research emphasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elissa M Hult
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.,Department of Internal Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahmed S, Misra DP, Agarwal V. Interleukin-17 pathways in systemic sclerosis-associated fibrosis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1135-1143. [PMID: 31073660 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is unregulated tissue repair that may cause impairment of organ function, especially in end-organ damage. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is the prototype systemic fibrosing disorder. Classical targets for fibrosis in SSc like transforming growth factor Beta (TGF-β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and multiple tyrosine kinases, have not yielded therapeutic benefit. There is multitude of evidence from across different tissues like the heart, lung, skin, liver, colon, and, to some extent, the kidney, that interleukin-17 (IL-17) and its downstream pathways are strongly associated with the initiation and propagation of fibrosis. Data from scleroderma patients, as well as from animal models of SSc, mirror these findings. Interestingly, hitherto unknown to be related to IL-17, newer molecules like Programmed Death-protein1 (PD-1), the phosphatase SHP2, along with known signal transducers like signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), have been recently shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Related molecules include the intracellular signalling molecules Ras/Erk, mammalian target organ of rapamycin (mTOR), and complement components. The biology of these pathways has not yet been fully elucidated to predict regulatory mechanisms, redundancies, and potential off-target effects. All these need to be better understood in the context of each other, in an effort to arrive at the optimal target to modulate fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakir Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, 226014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
O’Dwyer DN, Ashley SL, Gurczynski SJ, Xia M, Wilke C, Falkowski NR, Norman KC, Arnold KB, Huffnagle GB, Salisbury ML, Han MK, Flaherty KR, White ES, Martinez FJ, Erb-Downward JR, Murray S, Moore BB, Dickson RP. Lung Microbiota Contribute to Pulmonary Inflammation and Disease Progression in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:1127-1138. [PMID: 30789747 PMCID: PMC6515865 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201809-1650oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) causes considerable global morbidity and mortality, and its mechanisms of disease progression are poorly understood. Recent observational studies have reported associations between lung dysbiosis, mortality, and altered host defense gene expression, supporting a role for lung microbiota in IPF. However, the causal significance of altered lung microbiota in disease progression is undetermined. Objectives: To examine the effect of microbiota on local alveolar inflammation and disease progression using both animal models and human subjects with IPF. Methods: For human studies, we characterized lung microbiota in BAL fluid from 68 patients with IPF. For animal modeling, we used a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis in conventional and germ-free mice. Lung bacteria were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with novel techniques optimized for low-biomass sample load. Microbiota were correlated with alveolar inflammation, measures of pulmonary fibrosis, and disease progression. Measurements and Main Results: Disruption of the lung microbiome predicts disease progression, correlates with local host inflammation, and participates in disease progression. In patients with IPF, lung bacterial burden predicts fibrosis progression, and microbiota diversity and composition correlate with increased alveolar profibrotic cytokines. In murine models of fibrosis, lung dysbiosis precedes peak lung injury and is persistent. In germ-free animals, the absence of a microbiome protects against mortality. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that lung microbiota contribute to the progression of IPF. We provide biological plausibility for the hypothesis that lung dysbiosis promotes alveolar inflammation and aberrant repair. Manipulation of lung microbiota may represent a novel target for the treatment of IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N. O’Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Shanna L. Ashley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Stephen J. Gurczynski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
| | - Carol Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Nicole R. Falkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Katy C. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gary B. Huffnagle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Margaret L. Salisbury
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - MeiLan K. Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Kevin R. Flaherty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Eric S. White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - John R. Erb-Downward
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Susan Murray
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
O’Dwyer DN, Zhou X, Wilke CA, Xia M, Falkowski NR, Norman KC, Arnold KB, Huffnagle GB, Murray S, Erb-Downward JR, Yanik GA, Moore BB, Dickson RP. Lung Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and Injury in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1312-1321. [PMID: 29878854 PMCID: PMC6290939 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2456oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a common treatment for hematological neoplasms and autoimmune disorders. Among HCT recipients, pulmonary complications are common, morbid, and/or lethal, and they have recently been associated with gut dysbiosis. The role of lung microbiota in post-HCT pulmonary complications is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of lung microbiota in post-HCT pulmonary complications using animal modeling and human BAL fluid. METHODS For animal modeling, we used an established murine model of HCT with and without postengraftment herpes virus infection. For human studies, we characterized lung microbiota in BAL fluid from 43 HCT recipients. Lung bacteria were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and were compared with lung histology (murine) and with alveolar inflammation and pulmonary function testing (human). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Both HCT and viral infection independently altered the composition of murine lung microbiota, but they had no effect on lung microbial diversity. By contrast, combined HCT and viral infection profoundly altered lung microbiota, decreasing community diversity with an associated pneumonitis. Among human HCT recipients, increased relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum was associated with impaired pulmonary function, and lung microbiota were significantly associated with alveolar concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS In animal models and human subjects, lung dysbiosis is a prominent feature of HCT. Lung dysbiosis is correlated with histologic, immunologic, and physiologic features of post-HCT pulmonary complications. Our findings suggest the lung microbiome may be an unappreciated target for the prevention and treatment of post-HCT pulmonary complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N. O’Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Carol A. Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
| | - Nicole R. Falkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Katy C. Norman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Kelly B. Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Gary B. Huffnagle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Susan Murray
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and
| | - John R. Erb-Downward
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Gregory A. Yanik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gurczynski SJ, Zhou X, Flaherty M, Wilke CA, Moore BB. Bone marrow transplant-induced alterations in Notch signaling promote pathologic Th17 responses to γ-herpesvirus infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:881-893. [PMID: 29044226 PMCID: PMC5906203 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a common, often fatal, complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) characterized by severe pneumonitis and interstitial fibrosis. Fully reconstituted syngeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) mice infected with murine γ-herpesvirus-68 develop interleukin-17 (IL-17)-driven pneumonitis and fibrosis, which mimics clinical manifestations of IPS. We found CD103+ and CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) are selectively deficient for the Notch ligand, DLL4, following BMT and CD4+ T cells isolated from lungs and spleens of infected BMT mice display Notch signaling defects. Mice transplanted with CD4-Cre-driven dominant-negative Notch transcriptional regulator Mastermind-Like (CD4-Cre-DNMAML (CCD) mice) bone marrow displayed elevated IL-17 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF β) in the lungs, a further expansion of T-helper type 17 (Th17) cells, and developed more fibrosis than wild-type (WT)-BMT mice. Culture of BMT lung leukocytes with recombinant Notch ligand, DLL4, restored Notch signaling and decreased production of IL-17. Adoptive transfer of CD11c+ DCs could restore Th1 and limit Th17 in WT-BMT but not CCD-BMT mice, indicating that a specific DC/CD4+ T-cell Notch interaction modulates IL-17 production following reconstitution in syngeneic BMT mice. Given recent clinical observations showing that patients with pulmonary complications post-transplant harbor occult herpesvirus infections, these data provide mechanistic insight and suggest potential therapies for these devastating conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Gurczynski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Melanie Flaherty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carol A. Wilke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gurczynski SJ, Moore BB. IL-17 in the lung: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L6-L16. [PMID: 28860146 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00344.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-17 family of cytokines has emerged over the last two decades as a pleiotropic group of molecules that function in a wide variety of both beneficial and detrimental (pathological) processes, mainly in mucosal barrier tissue. The beneficial effects of IL-17 expression are especially important in the lung, where exposure to foreign agents is abundant. IL-17A plays an important role in protection from both extracellular bacteria and fungi, as well as viruses that infect cells of the mucosal tracts. IL-17 coregulated cytokines, such as IL-22, are involved in maintaining epithelial cell homeostasis and participate in epithelial cell repair/regeneration following inflammatory insults. Thus, the IL-17/IL-22 axis is important in both responding to, and recovering from, pathogens. However, aberrant expression or overexpression of IL-17 cytokines contributes to a number of pathological outcomes, including asthma, pneumonitis, and generation or exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis. This review covers the good, bad, and ugly aspects of IL-17 in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gurczynski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cipolla E, Fisher AJ, Gu H, Mickler EA, Agarwal M, Wilke CA, Kim KK, Moore BB, Vittal R. IL-17A deficiency mitigates bleomycin-induced complement activation during lung fibrosis. FASEB J 2017; 31:5543-5556. [PMID: 28821630 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700289r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and complement (C') activation have each been implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We have reported that IL-17A induces epithelial injury via TGF-β in murine bronchiolitis obliterans; that TGF-β and the C' cascade present signaling interactions in mediating epithelial injury; and that the blockade of C' receptors mitigates lung fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the role of IL-17A in regulating C' in lung fibrosis. Microarray analyses of mRNA isolated from primary normal human small airway epithelial cells indicated that IL-17A (100 ng/ml; 24 h; n = 5 donor lungs) induces C' components (C' factor B, C3, and GPCR kinase isoform 5), cytokines (IL8, -6, and -1B), and cytokine ligands (CXCL1, -2, -3, -5, -6, and -16). IL-17A induces protein and mRNA regulation of C' components and the synthesis of active C' 3a (C3a) in normal primary human alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECs). Wild-type mice subjected to IL-17A neutralization and IL-17A knockout (il17a-/- ) mice were protected against bleomycin (BLEO)-induced fibrosis and collagen deposition. Further, BLEO-injured il17a-/- mice had diminished levels of circulating Krebs Von Den Lungen 6 (alveolar epithelial injury marker), local caspase-3/7, and local endoplasmic reticular stress-related genes. BLEO-induced local C' activation [C3a, C5a, and terminal C' complex (C5b-9)] was attenuated in il17a-/- mice, and IL-17A neutralization prevented the loss of epithelial C' inhibitors (C' receptor-1 related isoform Y and decay accelerating factor), and an increase in local TUNEL levels. RNAi-mediated gene silencing of il17a in fibrotic mice arrested the progression of lung fibrosis, attenuated cellular apoptosis (caspase-3/7) and lung deposition of collagen and C' (C5b-9). Compared to normals, plasma from IPF patients showed significantly higher hemolytic activity. Our findings demonstrate that limiting complement activation by neutralizing IL-17A is a potential mechanism in ameliorating lung fibrosis.-Cipolla, E., Fisher, A. J., Gu, H., Mickler, E. A., Agarwal, M., Wilke, C. A., Kim, K. K., Moore, B. B., Vittal, R. IL-17A deficiency mitigates bleomycin-induced complement activation during lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellyse Cipolla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda J Fisher
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Elizabeth A Mickler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; and
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol A Wilke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin K Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ragini Vittal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
O'Dwyer DN, Dickson RP, Moore BB. The Lung Microbiome, Immunity, and the Pathogenesis of Chronic Lung Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 196:4839-47. [PMID: 27260767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of culture-independent techniques for microbiological analysis has uncovered the previously unappreciated complexity of the bacterial microbiome at various anatomic sites. The microbiome of the lung has relatively less bacterial biomass when compared with the lower gastrointestinal tract yet displays considerable diversity. The composition of the lung microbiome is determined by elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities. Chronic lung disease alters these factors. Many forms of chronic lung disease demonstrate exacerbations that drive disease progression and are poorly understood. Mounting evidence supports ways in which microbiota dysbiosis can influence host defense and immunity, and in turn may contribute to disease exacerbations. Thus, the key to understanding the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease may reside in deciphering the complex interactions between the host, pathogen, and resident microbiota during stable disease and exacerbations. In this brief review we discuss new insights into these labyrinthine relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Robert P Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou X, Moore BB. Adoptive Transfer of Lung Antigen Presenting Cells. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2182. [PMID: 28660232 PMCID: PMC5484164 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our protocol describes adoptive transfer of antigen presenting cells (APCs) isolated from the lungs by enzymatic digestion and magnetic enrichment. This protocol can be used to study APC functions and trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Our protocol describes immunofluorescent staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining on lung sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gurczynski SJ, Procario MC, O'Dwyer DN, Wilke CA, Moore BB. Loss of CCR2 signaling alters leukocyte recruitment and exacerbates γ-herpesvirus-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis following bone marrow transplantation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L611-27. [PMID: 27448666 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00193.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2-expressing leukocytes are required for the progression of fibrosis in models of induced lung injury as well as models of bone marrow transplant (BMT)-related idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Infection with murid γ-herpesvirus-68 (γHV-68) results in severe pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis following syngeneic BMT; however, the roles that various proinflammatory leukocyte populations play in this process remain unclear. Deletion of CCR2 in both non-BMT and BMT mice increased early lytic viral replication and resulted in a reduction in the numbers of lung-infiltrating GR1+,F4/80+ and CXCR1+ cells, while maintaining robust neutrophil infiltration. Similarly, in γHV-68-infected CCR2(-/-) BMT mice, recruitment of monocytes and lymphocytes were reduced whereas neutrophil recruitment was increased compared with wild-type (WT) BMT mice. Interestingly, levels of profibrotic IL-17 were increased in infected CCR2 BMT mice compared with WT BMT. Furthermore, an increase in lung-associated collagen was detected even though there was an overall decrease in the number of profibrotic CCR2+ fibrocytes detected in the lungs of CCR2(-/-) BMT mice. These data indicate that, contrary to most models of fibrosis, deletion of CCR2 offers no protection from γ-herpesvirus-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis, and, indeed, CCR2+ cells play a suppressive role during the development of pulmonary fibrosis following γ-herpesvirus infection post-BMT by limiting IL-7 and collagen production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gurczynski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Megan C Procario
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - David N O'Dwyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carol A Wilke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Warsinske HC, Wheaton AK, Kim KK, Linderman JJ, Moore BB, Kirschner DE. Computational Modeling Predicts Simultaneous Targeting of Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells Is Necessary for Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:183. [PMID: 27445819 PMCID: PMC4917547 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is pathologic remodeling of lung tissue that can result in difficulty breathing, reduced quality of life, and a poor prognosis for patients. Fibrosis occurs as a result of insult to lung tissue, though mechanisms of this response are not well-characterized. The disease is driven in part by dysregulation of fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblast cells, as well as pro-fibrotic mediator-driven epithelial cell apoptosis. The most well-characterized pro-fibrotic mediator associated with pulmonary fibrosis is TGF-β1. Excessive synthesis of, and sensitivity to, pro-fibrotic mediators as well as insufficient production of and sensitivity to anti-fibrotic mediators has been credited with enabling fibroblast accumulation. Available treatments neither halt nor reverse lung damage. In this study we have two aims: to identify molecular and cellular scale mechanisms driving fibroblast proliferation and differentiation as well as epithelial cell survival in the context of fibrosis, and to predict therapeutic targets and strategies. We combine in vitro studies with a multi-scale hybrid agent-based computational model that describes fibroblasts and epithelial cells in co-culture. Within this model TGF-β1 represents a pro-fibrotic mediator and we include detailed dynamics of TGF-β1 receptor ligand signaling in fibroblasts. PGE2 represents an anti-fibrotic mediator. Using uncertainty and sensitivity analysis we identify TGF-β1 synthesis, TGF-β1 activation, and PGE2 synthesis among the key mechanisms contributing to fibrotic outcomes. We further demonstrate that intervention strategies combining potential therapeutics targeting both fibroblast regulation and epithelial cell survival can promote healthy tissue repair better than individual strategies. Combinations of existing drugs and compounds may provide significant improvements to the current standard of care for pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, a two-hit therapeutic intervention strategy may prove necessary to halt and reverse disease dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley C. Warsinske
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amanda K. Wheaton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin K. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Denise E. Kirschner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|