1
|
Wekema L, Schoenmakers S, Schenkelaars N, Laskewitz A, Huurman RH, Liu L, Walters L, Harmsen HJM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Faas MM. Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Affects the Maternal Gut Microbiota and Immune Response in Mid-Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9076. [PMID: 39201761 PMCID: PMC11354285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This might be due to undesired obesity-induced changes in the maternal gut microbiota and related changes in the maternal immune adaptations during pregnancy. The current study examines how obesity affects gut microbiota and immunity in pregnant obese and lean mice during mid-pregnancy (gestational day 12 (GD12)). C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet or low-fat diet from 8 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. At GD12, we analyzed the gut microbiota composition in the feces and immune responses in the intestine (Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes) and the peripheral circulation (spleen and peripheral blood). Maternal obesity reduced beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia) and changed intestinal and peripheral immune responses (e.g., dendritic cells, Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg axis, monocytes). Numerous correlations were found between obesity-associated bacterial genera and intestinal/peripheral immune anomalies. This study shows that maternal obesity impacts the abundance of specific bacterial gut genera as compared to lean mice and deranges maternal intestinal immune responses that subsequently change peripheral maternal immune responses in mid-pregnancy. Our findings underscore the opportunities for early intervention strategies targeting maternal obesity, ideally starting in the periconceptional period, to mitigate these obesity-related pregnancy effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieske Wekema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (N.S.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Nicole Schenkelaars
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (N.S.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Anne Laskewitz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Romy H. Huurman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.M.H.)
| | - Lisa Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.M.H.)
| | - Hermie J. M. Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.L.); (L.W.); (H.J.M.H.)
| | - Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.S.); (N.S.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (A.L.); (R.H.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gribonika I, Strömberg A, Chandode RK, Schön K, Lahl K, Bemark M, Lycke N. Migratory CD103 +CD11b + cDC2s in Peyer's patches are critical for gut IgA responses following oral immunization. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:509-523. [PMID: 38492746 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Induction and regulation of specific intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses critically depend on dendritic cell (DC) subsets and the T cells they activate in the Peyer's patches (PP). We found that oral immunization with cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant resulted in migration-dependent changes in the composition and localization of PP DC subsets with increased numbers of cluster of differentiation (CD)103- conventional DC (cDC)2s and lysozyme-expressing DC (LysoDCs) in the subepithelial dome and of CD103+ cDC2s that expressed CD101 in the T cell zones, while oral ovalbumin (OVA) tolerization was instead associated with greater accumulation of cDC1s and peripherally induced regulatory T cells (pTregs) in this area. Decreased IgA responses were observed after CT-adjuvanted immunization in huCD207DTA mice lacking CD103+ cDC2s, while oral OVA tolerization was inefficient in cDC1-deficient Batf3-/- mice. Using OVA transgenic T cell receptor CD4 T cell adoptive transfer models, we found that co-transferred endogenous wildtype CD4 T cells can hinder the induction of OVA-specific IgA responses through secretion of interleukin-10. CT could overcome this blocking effect, apparently through a modulating effect on pTregs while promoting an expansion of follicular helper T cells. The data support a model where cDC1-induced pTreg normally suppresses PP responses for any given antigen and where CT's oral adjuvanticity effect is dependent on promoting follicular helper T cell responses through induction of CD103+ cDC2s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inta Gribonika
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anneli Strömberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rakesh K Chandode
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Schön
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Lahl
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Section for Experimental and Translational Immunology, Institute for Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Medicine - Human Immunology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Nils Lycke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nagai M, Okawa T, Nakata K, Takahashi D, Miyajima R, Shiratori H, Yamanaka D, Nakamura A, Oyama C, Takahashi SI, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Suzuki K, Ohashi W, Dohi T, Kawamura YI, Hase K. Sugar and arginine facilitate oral tolerance by ensuring the functionality of tolerogenic immune cell subsets in the intestine. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114490. [PMID: 38990720 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although oral tolerance is a critical system in regulating allergic disorders, the mechanisms by which dietary factors regulate the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance remain unclear. To address this, we explored the differentiation and function of various immune cells in the intestinal immune system under fasting and ad libitum-fed conditions before oral ovalbumin (OVA) administration. Fasting mitigated OVA-specific Treg expansion, which is essential for oral tolerance induction. This abnormality mainly resulted from functional defects in the CX3CR1+ cells responsible for the uptake of luminal OVA and reduction of tolerogenic CD103+ dendritic cells. Eventually, fasting impaired the preventive effect of oral OVA administration on asthma and allergic rhinitis development. Specific food ingredients, namely carbohydrates and arginine, were indispensable for oral tolerance induction by activating glycolysis and mTOR signaling. Overall, prior food intake and nutritional signals are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis by inducing tolerance to ingested food antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyoshi Nagai
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Takuma Okawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakata
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Reina Miyajima
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiratori
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; Dairy Science and Technology Institute, Kyodo Milk Industry Co., Hinode-machi, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Oyama
- Communal Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi
- Division of Human Immunology, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Suzuki
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Taeko Dohi
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki I Kawamura
- Clinical Research Advancement Section, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; The Institute of Fermentation Sciences (IFeS), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao L, Wang X, Li Z. A novel chimeric recombinant FliC-Pgp3 vaccine promotes immunoprotection against Chlamydia muridarum infection in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128723. [PMID: 38101679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Pgp3 subunit vaccine elicits immune protection against Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but additional adjuvants are still required to enhance its immunoprotective efficacy. Flagellin can selectively stimulate immunity and act as an adjuvant. In this research, the FliC-Pgp3 recombinant was successfully expressed and purified. Tri-immunization with the FliC-Pgp3 vaccine in Balb/C mice induced rapid and persistent germinal center B-cell response and Tfh differentiation, promoting a significantly higher IgG antibody titer compared to the Pgp3 group. FliC-Pgp3 immunization primarily induced Th1-type cellular immunity, leading to higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secreted by CD4+ T cells than in Pgp3-vaccinated mice. Chlamydia muridarum challenge results showed that FliC-Pgp3-vaccinated mice exhibited more rapid clearance of Chlamydia muridarum colonization in the lower genital tract, ensuring a lower hydrosalpinx rate and cumulative score. Histological analysis showed reduced dilation and inflammatory infiltration in the oviduct and uterine horn of FliC-Pgp3-vaccinated mice compared to the PBS and Pgp3 control. Importantly, tri-immunization with FliC-Pgp3 effectively activated CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells, as confirmed by the adoptive transfer, resulting in better immune protection in recipient mice. In summary, the novel FliC-Pgp3 chimeric is hoped to be a novel vaccine with improved immunoprotection against Chlamydia muridarum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanhua Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglv Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blanco T, Singh RB, Nakagawa H, Taketani Y, Dohlman TH, Chen Y, Chauhan SK, Yin J, Dana R. Conventional type I migratory CD103 + dendritic cells are required for corneal allograft survival. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:711-726. [PMID: 36642378 PMCID: PMC10413378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplant rejection primarily occurs because of the T helper 1 (Th1) effector cell-mediated immune response of the host towards allogeneic tissue. The evidence suggests that type 1 migratory conventional CD103+ dendritic cells (CD103+DC1) acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype in the tumor environment; however, the involvement of CD103+DC1 in allograft survival continues to be an elusive question of great clinical significance in tissue transplantation. In this study, we assess the role of CD103+DC1 in suppressing Th1 alloreactivity against transplanted corneal allografts. The immunosuppressive function of CD103+DC1 has been extensively studied in non-transplantation settings. We found that host CD103+DC1 infiltrates the corneal graft and migrates to the draining lymph nodes to suppress alloreactive CD4+ Th1 cells via the programmed death-ligand 1 axis. The systemic depletion of CD103+ DC1 in allograft recipients leads to amplified Th1 activation, impaired Treg function, and increased rate of allograft rejection. Although allograft recipient Rag1 null mice reconstituted with naïve CD4+CD25- T cells efficiently generated peripheral Treg cells (pTreg), the CD103+DC1-depleted mice failed to generate pTreg. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of pTreg failed to rescue allografts in CD103+DC1-depleted recipients from rejection. These data demonstrate the critical role of CD103+DC1 in regulating host alloimmune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Blanco
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yukako Taketani
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jia Yin
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fonceca AM, Lauzon-Joset J, Scott N, Stumbles PA, Strickland D, Everard ML. In Vivo Evidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Persistence in a Subset of Pulmonary Dendritic Cells Following a Primary Infection. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:466-474. [PMID: 37523237 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes annual epidemics of infections affecting the whole population. In vitro, it has been shown to infect and persist in human dendritic cells (DCs) for prolonged periods. Initially persistence is associated with low levels of replication before the virus becomes dormant. Reactivation of viral replication can be triggered many months later. Infection of DCs is likely to influence the host's ability to generate effective long-term memory responses. A well-established animal was utilized to confirm that RSV both infects and persists in pulmonary DCs in vivo. Mice were infected with a modified strain of RSV expressing red fluorescent protein (RSV-RFP) when replicating. Clinical symptoms of infection were monitored using weight change and inflammatory cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavage, which correlated with the RSV viral titer (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Lung tissues were collected at 3, 5, 7, and 21 days postinfection (dpi) to assess leukocyte populations by flow cytometry. Clinical symptoms and RSV viral load peaked at 5 dpi. RSV-RFP was most prevalent in macrophages at 3 dpi and also observed in B cells and DCs. At 21 dpi, RSV-RFP remained evident in a subset of conventional DCs (CD103+CD11b+) even though both clinical symptoms and pulmonary inflammation had resolved. These results confirm that in this well-established mouse model, RSV persists in lung conventional DCs following resolution of the acute infection. Further work is required to explore whether the virus continues with low-level replication before becoming dormant in vivo, as has been described in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Fonceca
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | | | - Naomi Scott
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | | | - Mark L Everard
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Metzger R, Winter L, Bouznad N, Garzetti D, von Armansperg B, Rokavec M, Lutz K, Schäfer Y, Krebs S, Winheim E, Friedrich V, Matzek D, Öllinger R, Rad R, Stecher B, Hermeking H, Brocker T, Krug AB. CCL17 Promotes Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis Dependent on the Microbiota. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2227-2238. [PMID: 36426975 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and a major cause of mortality. Proinflammatory and antitumor immune responses play critical roles in colitis-associated colon cancer. CCL17, a chemokine of the C-C family and ligand for CCR4, is expressed by intestinal dendritic cells in the steady state and is upregulated during colitis in mouse models and inflammatory bowel disease patients. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and functional relevance of CCL17 for colitis-associated colon tumor development using CCL17-enhanced GFP-knockin mice. CCL17 was highly expressed by dendritic cells but also upregulated in macrophages and intermediary monocytes in colon tumors induced by exposure to azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. Despite a similar degree of inflammation in the colon, CCL17-deficient mice developed fewer tumors than did CCL17-competent mice. This protective effect was abrogated by cohousing, indicating a dependency on the microbiota. Changes in microbiota diversity and composition were detected in separately housed CCL17-deficient mice, and these mice were more susceptible to azoxymethane-induced early apoptosis in the colon affecting tumor initiation. Immune cell infiltration in colitis-induced colon tumors was not affected by the lack of CCL17. Taken together, our results indicate that CCL17 promotes colitis-associated tumorigenesis by influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiome and reducing apoptosis during tumor initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Metzger
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lis Winter
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nassim Bouznad
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Debora Garzetti
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt von Armansperg
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Lutz
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schäfer
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krebs
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Winheim
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Friedrich
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana Matzek
- Core Facility Animal Models, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; and.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; and.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brocker
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne B Krug
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keuning MW, Grobben M, Bijlsma MW, Anker B, Berman-de Jong EP, Cohen S, Felderhof M, de Groen AE, de Groof F, Rijpert M, van Eijk HWM, Tejjani K, van Rijswijk J, Steenhuis M, Rispens T, Plötz FB, van Gils MJ, Pajkrt D. Differences in systemic and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in a prospective cohort of Dutch children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976382. [PMID: 36159841 PMCID: PMC9500453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As SARS-CoV-2 will likely continue to circulate, low-impact methods become more relevant to monitor antibody-mediated immunity. Saliva sampling could provide a non-invasive method with reduced impact on children. Studies reporting on the differences between systemic and mucosal humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are inconsistent in adults and scarce in children. These differences may be further unraveled by exploring associations to demographic and clinical variables. Methods To evaluate the use of saliva antibody assays, we performed a cross-sectional cohort study by collecting serum and saliva of 223 children attending medical services in the Netherlands (irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, symptoms or vaccination) from May to October 2021. With a Luminex and a Wantai assay, we measured prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S), receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid-specific IgG and IgA in serum and saliva and explored associations with demographic variables. Findings The S-specific IgG prevalence was higher in serum 39% (95% CI 32 - 45%) than in saliva 30% (95% CI 24 - 36%) (P ≤ 0.003). Twenty-seven percent (55/205) of children were S-specific IgG positive in serum and saliva, 12% (25/205) were only positive in serum and 3% (6/205) only in saliva. Vaccinated children showed a higher concordance between serum and saliva than infected children. Odds for saliva S-specific IgG positivity were higher in girls compared to boys (aOR 2.63, P = 0.012). Moreover, immunocompromised children showed lower odds for S- and RBD-specific IgG in both serum and saliva compared to healthy children (aOR 0.23 - 0.25, P ≤ 0.050). Conclusions We showed that saliva-based antibody assays can be useful for identifying SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity in a non-invasive manner, and that IgG prevalence may be affected by sex and immunocompromisation. Differences between infection and vaccination, between sexes and between immunocompromised and healthy children should be further investigated and considered when choosing systemic or mucosal antibody measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya W. Keuning
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Merijn W. Bijlsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beau Anker
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eveline P. Berman-de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Anne-Elise de Groen
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke de Groof
- Department of Pediatrics, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Rijpert
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaans Medical Center, Zaandam, Netherlands
| | - Hetty W. M. van Eijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van Rijswijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frans B. Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Medical Center, Blaricum, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology & Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against porcine CD103. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:4005-4015. [PMID: 35599260 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in activating, regulating, and maintaining the immune response. CD103+ DCs, one of the DC subpopulations, mainly function in the mucosal immune response. They are responsible for capturing and carrying antigens to the relevant lymph nodes to activate the downstream immune responses. However, there is limited available information regarding the function of CD103+ DCs in the porcine mucosal immune response. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against porcine CD103 were prepared, and their applications were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and flow cytometry. The produced mAbs (7F3 and 9H3) were both IgG1 subtype with κ chains in the light chain. The 7F3 recognizes a linear epitope (PDLRPRAQVYFSDLE) while 9H3 recognizes another linear epitope (QILDEGQVLLGAVGA). The prepared mAbs could be used in vivo to detect the cells expressing CD103 molecules, giving wide applications of both mAbs. In conclusion, this study successfully prepared 2 mAbs against CD103 protein, and they showed applicability in vivo experiments, which will provide the basis for the study of porcine mucosal immunity. KEY POINTS: • Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against porcine CD103 molecule • Analysis of the distribution of CD103 protein on different cells is possible • Exploration of the CD103+ DCs function in porcine mucosal immunity is possible.
Collapse
|
10
|
Luciani C, Hager FT, Cerovic V, Lelouard H. Dendritic cell functions in the inductive and effector sites of intestinal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:40-50. [PMID: 34465895 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is constantly exposed to foreign antigens, which are mostly innocuous but can sometimes be harmful. Therefore, the intestinal immune system has the delicate task of maintaining immune tolerance to harmless food antigens while inducing tailored immune responses to pathogens and regulating but tolerating the microbiota. Intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in these functions as sentinel cells able to prime and polarize the T cell responses. DCs are deployed throughout the intestinal mucosa but with local specializations along the gut length and between the diffuse effector sites of the gut lamina propria (LP) and the well-organized immune inductive sites comprising isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs), Peyer's patches (PPs), and other species-specific gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs). Understanding the specificities of each intestinal DC subset, how environmental factors influence DC functions, and how these can be modulated is key to harnessing the therapeutic potential of mucosal adaptive immune responses, whether by enhancing the efficacy of mucosal vaccines or by increasing tolerogenic responses in inflammatory disorders. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to intestinal DCs in steady state and upon inflammation, with a special focus on their functional specializations, highly dependent on their microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vuk Cerovic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wittner J, Schulz SR, Steinmetz TD, Berges J, Hauke M, Channell WM, Cunningham AF, Hauser AE, Hutloff A, Mielenz D, Jäck HM, Schuh W. Krüppel-like factor 2 controls IgA plasma cell compartmentalization and IgA responses. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:668-682. [PMID: 35347229 PMCID: PMC9259478 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a potent regulator of lymphocyte differentiation, activation and migration. However, its functional role in adaptive and humoral immunity remains elusive. Therefore, by using mice with a B cell-specific deletion of KLF2, we investigated plasma cell differentiation and antibody responses. We revealed that the deletion of KLF2 resulted in perturbed IgA plasma cell compartmentalization, characterized by the absence of IgA plasma cells in the bone marrow, their reductions in the spleen, the blood and the lamina propria of the colon and the small intestine, concomitant with their accumulation and retention in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Most intriguingly, secretory IgA in the intestinal lumen was almost absent, dimeric serum IgA was drastically reduced and antigen-specific IgA responses to soluble Salmonella flagellin were blunted in KLF2-deficient mice. Perturbance of IgA plasma cell localization was caused by deregulation of CCR9, Integrin chains αM, α4, β7, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Hence, KLF2 not only orchestrates the localization of IgA plasma cells by fine-tuning chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules but also controls IgA responses to Salmonella flagellin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Wittner
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian R. Schulz
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobit D. Steinmetz
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Berges
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Hauke
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - William M. Channell
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- grid.6572.60000 0004 1936 7486Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.418217.90000 0000 9323 8675Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hutloff
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Institute of Immunology and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kimoto T. Development of a safe and effective novel synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF-10 derived from physiological metabolic pathways and function of human pulmonary surfactant. Vaccine 2021; 40:544-553. [PMID: 34887132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is required for vaccination against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Previously, we described that intranasally administration of surfacten®, a medicine derived from bovine pulmonary surfactant (PS), with IAV vaccine can induce IAV-specific IgA in the respiratory tract mucosa and IgG in serum. PS is secreted by alveolar type II cells and Clara cells and serves to reduce lung surface tension. PS finished its rules is incorporated by antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells, and alveolar type II cells and rapidly metabolized. We focused on the metabolic pathways and rapid metabolic turnover of PS and developed a PS-based mucosal adjuvant. First, we determined the essential components of PS adjuvanticity and found that the complex of three PS lipids and surfactant protein-C can enhance to deliver the vaccine antigen and activate APCs. Later, we improved the safety, efficacy and ease of manufacture and finally succeeded in developing SF-10. The use of SF-10 with influenza split vaccine (HAv) (HAv-SF-10) enhances HAv incorporation into APCs both in vitro and in vivo, and intranasal instillation of HAv-SF-10 induced systemic and mucosal HAv-specific immunities in not only mice but also cynomolgus monkeys. The report that PS has physiological effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa prompted us develop a new SF-10-based vaccine that can be administered orally. In this review, We summarize our work on the development of clinically effective PS-based nasal and oral mucosal adjuvants for influenza vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma H, Tan Y, Wen D, Qu N, Kong Q, Li K, Ma S, Zhang J. DC-CTL targeting carbonic anhydrase IX gene combined with iAPA therapy in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4363-4373. [PMID: 34851805 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1955610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To deliver specific antigens in tumor immunotherapy, tumor cell lysates are commonly used to sensitize dendritic cells (DCs). However, the lysates possess low immunogenicity and contain many types of non-tumor-related antigens, which may induce autoimmune diseases. Tumor antigen peptides can provide high specificity but are expensive and their short half-lives limit their clinical application. METHODS In this study, we used adenovirus to transfer the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) gene into DCs to generate specificity to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) which is the most common space-occupying lesion in humans. Inhibition of antigen presentation attenuators (iAPA) technology was also used to enhance the DC delivery capacity. Finally, DCs were co-cultured with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) and the anti-tumor effects were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that the CA9-DC-CTLs possessed a high specificity to CA9-positive cells and showed stronger anti-tumor activity than GFP-DC-CTLs both in vitro and in vivo. DISCUSSION These findings may suggest a novel treatment option for RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heran Ma
- Qilu Cell Therapy Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China.,Shandong Yinfeng Life Science Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Qilu Cell Therapy Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China.,Shandong Yinfeng Life Science Research Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Dingke Wen
- Qilu Cell Therapy Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Na Qu
- Qilu Cell Therapy Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Qunfang Kong
- Qilu Cell Therapy Technology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Digestion, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Suxia Ma
- Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Faustini SE, Jossi SE, Perez‐Toledo M, Shields AM, Allen JD, Watanabe Y, Newby ML, Cook A, Willcox CR, Salim M, Goodall M, Heaney JL, Marcial‐Juarez E, Morley GL, Torlinska B, Wraith DC, Veenith TV, Harding S, Jolles S, Ponsford MJ, Plant T, Huissoon A, O'Shea MK, Willcox BE, Drayson MT, Crispin M, Cunningham AF, Richter AG. Development of a high-sensitivity ELISA detecting IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in serum and saliva. Immunology 2021; 164:135-147. [PMID: 33932228 PMCID: PMC8242512 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting antibody responses during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential in determining the seroepidemiology of the virus and the potential role of antibody in disease. Scalable, sensitive and specific serological assays are essential to this process. The detection of antibody in hospitalized patients with severe disease has proven relatively straightforward; detecting responses in subjects with mild disease and asymptomatic infections has proven less reliable. We hypothesized that the suboptimal sensitivity of antibody assays and the compartmentalization of the antibody response may contribute to this effect. We systematically developed an ELISA, optimizing different antigens and amplification steps, in serum and saliva from non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Using trimeric spike glycoprotein, rather than nucleocapsid, enabled detection of responses in individuals with low antibody responses. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate to both antigens, but more anti-spike IgG1 than IgG3 was detectable. All antigens were effective for detecting responses in hospitalized patients. Anti-spike IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were readily detectable in saliva from a minority of RT-PCR confirmed, non-hospitalized symptomatic individuals, and these were mostly subjects who had the highest levels of anti-spike serum antibodies. Therefore, detecting antibody responses in both saliva and serum can contribute to determining virus exposure and understanding immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sian E. Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Sian E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Adrian M. Shields
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Maddy L. Newby
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Carrie R. Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Jennifer L. Heaney
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | | | - Barbara Torlinska
- Institute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - David C. Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Tonny V. Veenith
- Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | | | | | | | - Tim Plant
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Aarnoud Huissoon
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Matthew K. O'Shea
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Benjamin E. Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alex G. Richter
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zuo J, Cao Y, Wang Z, Shah AU, Wang W, Dai C, Chen M, Lin J, Yang Q. The mechanism of antigen-presentation of avian bone marrowed dendritic cells suppressed by infectious bronchitis virus. Genomics 2021; 113:1719-1732. [PMID: 33865956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are first guard to defend avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection and invasion. While IBV always suppress dendritic cells and escape the degradation and presentation, which might help viruses to transfer and migrant. Initially, we compared two IBV's function in activating avian bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) and found that both IBV (QX and M41) did not significantly increase surface marker of avian BMDCs. Moreover, a significant decrease of m6A modification level in mRNA, but an increased in the ut RNA were observed in avian BMDCs upon the prevalent IBV (QX) infection. Further study found that both non-structural protein 7 (NSP7) and NSP16 inhibited the maturation and cytokines secretion of BMDCs, as well as their antigen-presentation ability. Lastly, we found that gga-miR21, induced by both NSP7 and NSP16, inhibited the antigen presentation of avian BMDCs. Taken together, our results illustrated how IBV inhibited the antigen-presentation of avian DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yanan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Immunology and Engineering, National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Veterinary Biologicals, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Abid Ullah Shah
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Chen Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Mingjia Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vijayan A, Van Maele L, Fougeron D, Cayet D, Sirard JC. The GM-CSF Released by Airway Epithelial Cells Orchestrates the Mucosal Adjuvant Activity of Flagellin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2873-2882. [PMID: 33008952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The TLR5 agonist flagellin is a potent adjuvant and is currently being developed for use in vaccines. The mechanisms that drive flagellin's activity are influenced by its administration route. Previous studies showed that lung structural cells (especially epithelial cells lining the conducting airways) are pivotal for the efficacy of intranasally administered flagellin-containing vaccines. In this study, we looked at how the airway epithelial cells (AECs) regulate the flagellin-dependent stimulation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells and the Ab response in mice. Our results demonstrate that after sensing flagellin, AECs trigger the release of GM-CSF in a TLR5-dependent fashion and the doubling of the number of activated type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) in draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, the neutralization of GM-CSF reduced cDC2s activation. This resulted in lower of Ag-specific CD4+ T cell count and Ab titers in mice. Our data indicate that during pulmonary immunization, the GM-CSF released by AECs orchestrates the cross-talk between cDC2s and CD4+ T cells and thus drives flagellin's adjuvant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Vijayan
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Fougeron
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Faustini SE, Jossi SE, Perez-Toledo M, Shields AM, Allen JD, Watanabe Y, Newby ML, Cook A, Willcox CR, Salim M, Goodall M, Heaney JL, Marcial-Juarez E, Morley GL, Torlinska B, Wraith DC, Veenith TV, Harding S, Jolles S, Ponsford MJ, Plant T, Huissoon A, O'Shea MK, Willcox BE, Drayson MT, Crispin M, Cunningham AF, Richter AG. Detection of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in both serum and saliva enhances detection of infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.06.16.20133025. [PMID: 32588002 PMCID: PMC7310662 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.16.20133025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting antibody responses during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential in determining the seroepidemiology of the virus and the potential role of antibody in disease. Scalable, sensitive and specific serological assays are essential to this process. The detection of antibody in hospitalized patients with severe disease has proven straightforward; detecting responses in subjects with mild disease and asymptomatic infections has proven less reliable. We hypothesized that the suboptimal sensitivity of antibody assays and the compartmentalization of the antibody response may contribute to this effect. METHODS We systemically developed an ELISA assay, optimising different antigens and amplification steps, in serum and saliva from symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. RESULTS Using trimeric spike glycoprotein, rather than nucleocapsid enabled detection of responses in individuals with low antibody responses. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate to both antigens, but more anti-spike IgG1 than IgG3 was detectable. All antigens were effective for detecting responses in hospitalized patients. Anti-spike, but not nucleocapsid, IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were readily detectable in saliva from non-hospitalized symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Antibody responses in saliva and serum were largely independent of each other and symptom reporting. CONCLUSIONS Detecting antibody responses in both saliva and serum is optimal for determining virus exposure and understanding immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. FUNDING This work was funded by the University of Birmingham, the National Institute for Health Research (UK), the NIH National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the University of Southampton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sian E Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Sian E Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Marisol Perez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Adrian M Shields
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Alex Cook
- Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Jennifer L Heaney
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Edith Marcial-Juarez
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Gabriella L Morley
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Barbara Torlinska
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Tonny V Veenith
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, B15 2TH, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Tim Plant
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Aarnoud Huissoon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Immunology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Matthew K O'Shea
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Transcriptional regulation of DC fate specification. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:38-46. [PMID: 32151907 PMCID: PMC7187805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells function in the immune system to instruct adaptive immune cells to respond accordingly to different threats. While conventional dendritic cells can be subdivided into two main subtypes, termed cDC1s and cDC2s, it is clear that further heterogeneity exists within these subtypes, particularly for cDC2s. Understanding the signals involved in specifying each of these lineages and subtypes thereof is crucial to (i) enable us to determine their specific functions and (ii) put us in a position to be able to target these cells to promote or prevent a specific function in any given disease setting. Although we still have much to learn regarding the specification of these cells, here we review the most recent advances in our understanding of this and highlight some of the next questions for the future.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gut-associated IgA + immune cells regulate obesity-related insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3650. [PMID: 31409776 PMCID: PMC6692361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is emerging as an important contributor to obesity-related insulin resistance, but the role of intestinal B cells in this context is unclear. Here, we show that high fat diet (HFD) feeding alters intestinal IgA+ immune cells and that IgA is a critical immune regulator of glucose homeostasis. Obese mice have fewer IgA+ immune cells and less secretory IgA and IgA-promoting immune mediators. HFD-fed IgA-deficient mice have dysfunctional glucose metabolism, a phenotype that can be recapitulated by adoptive transfer of intestinal-associated pan-B cells. Mechanistically, IgA is a crucial link that controls intestinal and adipose tissue inflammation, intestinal permeability, microbial encroachment and the composition of the intestinal microbiome during HFD. Current glucose-lowering therapies, including metformin, affect intestinal-related IgA+ B cell populations in mice, while bariatric surgery regimen alters the level of fecal secretory IgA in humans. These findings identify intestinal IgA+ immune cells as mucosal mediators of whole-body glucose regulation in diet-induced metabolic disease. The effect of diet-induced obesity on intestinal B cell populations is not well understood despite emerging evidence of a critical role for the intestinal immune system in contributing to insulin resistance. Here, the authors show important functions of IgA in regulating metabolic disease and for intestinal immunity in modulating systemic glucose metabolism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Benedikz EK, Bailey D, Cook CNL, Gonçalves-Carneiro D, Buckner MMC, Blair JMA, Wells TJ, Fletcher NF, Goodall M, Flores-Langarica A, Kingsley RA, Madsen J, Teeling J, Johnston SL, MacLennan CA, Balfe P, Henderson IR, Piddock LJV, Cunningham AF, McKeating JA. Bacterial flagellin promotes viral entry via an NF-kB and Toll Like Receptor 5 dependent pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7903. [PMID: 31133714 PMCID: PMC6536546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses and bacteria colonize hosts by invading epithelial barriers. Recent studies have shown that interactions between the microbiota, pathogens and the host can potentiate infection through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether diverse bacterial species could modulate virus internalization into host cells, often a rate-limiting step in establishing infections. Lentiviral pseudoviruses expressing influenza, measles, Ebola, Lassa or vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoproteins enabled us to study entry of viruses that exploit diverse internalization pathways. Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased viral uptake, even at low bacterial frequencies. This did not require bacterial contact with or invasion of host cells. Studies determined that the bacterial antigen responsible for this pro-viral activity was the Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin. Exposure to flagellin increased virus attachment to epithelial cells in a temperature-dependent manner via TLR5-dependent activation of NF-ΚB. Importantly, this phenotype was both long lasting and detectable at low multiplicities of infection. Flagellin is shed from bacteria and our studies uncover a new bystander role for this protein in regulating virus entry. This highlights a new aspect of viral-bacterial interplay with significant implications for our understanding of polymicrobial-associated pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Benedikz
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dalan Bailey
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,The Pirbright Institute, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Charlotte N L Cook
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Michelle M C Buckner
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy J Wells
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicola F Fletcher
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Teeling
- Biological Sciences, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Calman A MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Castro-Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. IgG and Fcγ Receptors in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:805. [PMID: 31031776 PMCID: PMC6473071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are cell surface glycoproteins that mediate cellular effector functions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Genetic variation in FcγR genes can influence susceptibility to a variety of antibody-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). More recently, however, genetic studies have implicated altered FcγR signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition classically associated with dysregulated innate and T cell immunity. Specifically, a variant of the activating receptor, FcγRIIA, with low affinity for IgG, confers protection against the development of ulcerative colitis, a subset of IBD, leading to a re-evaluation of the role of IgG and FcγRs in gastrointestinal tract immunity, an organ system traditionally associated with IgA. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of IgG and FcγR function at this unique host-environment interface, from the pathogenesis of colitis and defense against enteropathogens, its contribution to maternal-fetal cross-talk and susceptibility to cancer. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of this information, both in terms of how FcγR signaling pathways may be targeted for the treatment of IBD and how FcγR engagement may influence the efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridge, United Kingdom
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kimoto T, Kim H, Sakai S, Takahashi E, Kido H. Oral vaccination with influenza hemagglutinin combined with human pulmonary surfactant-mimicking synthetic adjuvant SF-10 induces efficient local and systemic immunity compared with nasal and subcutaneous vaccination and provides protective immunity in mice. Vaccine 2018; 37:612-622. [PMID: 30553569 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that a synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF-10, which mimics human pulmonary surfactant, delivers antigen to mucosal dendritic cells in the nasal cavity and promotes induction of humoral and cellular immunity. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of oral administration of antigen combined with SF-10 (antigen-SF-10) on systemic and local immunity. Oral administration of ovalbumin, a model antigen, combined with SF-10 enhanced ovalbumin uptake into intestinal antigen presenting MHC II+CD11c+ cells and their CD11b+CD103+ and CD11b+CD103- subtype dendritic cells, which are the major antigen presenting subsets of the intestinal tract, more efficiently compared to without SF-10. Oral vaccination with influenza hemagglutinin vaccine (HAv)-SF-10 induced HAv-specific IgA and IgG in the serum, and HAv-specific secretory IgA and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal washes, gastric extracts and fecal material; their levels were significantly higher than those induced by subcutaneous HAv or intranasal HAv and HAv-SF-10 vaccinations. Enzyme-linked immunospot assay showed high numbers of HAv-specific IgA and IgG antibody secreting cells in the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosal lymphoid tissues after oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10, but no or very low induction following oral vaccination with HAv alone. Oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10 provided protective immunity against severe influenza A virus infection, which was significantly higher than that induced by HAv combined with cholera toxin. Oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10 was associated with unique cytokine production patterns in the spleen after HAv stimulation; including marked induction of HAv-responsive Th17 cytokines (e.g., IL-17A and IL-22), high induction of Th1 cytokines (e.g., IL-2 and IFN-γ) and moderate induction of Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-5). These results indicate that oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10 induces more efficient systemic and local immunity than nasal or subcutaneous vaccination with characteristically high levels of secretory HAv-specific IgA in various mucosal organs and protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakai
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Flores-Langarica A, Cook C, Müller Luda K, Persson EK, Marshall JL, Beristain-Covarrubias N, Yam-Puc JC, Dahlgren M, Persson JJ, Uematsu S, Akira S, Henderson IR, Lindbom BJ, Agace W, Cunningham AF. Intestinal CD103 +CD11b + cDC2 Conventional Dendritic Cells Are Required for Primary CD4 + T and B Cell Responses to Soluble Flagellin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2409. [PMID: 30386346 PMCID: PMC6199373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic immunization with soluble flagellin (sFliC) from Salmonella Typhimurium induces mucosal responses, offering potential as an adjuvant platform for vaccines. Moreover, this engagement of mucosal immunity is necessary for optimal systemic immunity, demonstrating an interaction between these two semi-autonomous immune systems. Although TLR5 and CD103+CD11b+ cDC2 contribute to this process, the relationship between these is unclear in the early activation of CD4+ T cells and the development of antigen-specific B cell responses. In this work, we use TLR5-deficient mice and CD11c-cre.Irf4 fl/fl mice (which have reduced numbers of cDC2, particularly intestinal CD103+CD11b+ cDCs), to address these points by studying the responses concurrently in the spleen and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). We show that CD103+CD11b+ cDC2 respond rapidly and accumulate in the MLN after immunization with sFliC in a TLR5-dependent manner. Furthermore, we identify that whilst CD103+CD11b+ cDC2 are essential for the induction of primary T and B cell responses in the mucosa, they do not play such a central role for the induction of these responses in the spleen. Additionally, we show the involvement of CD103+CD11b+ cDC2 in the induction of Th2-associated responses. CD11c-cre.Irf4 fl/fl mice showed a reduced primary FliC-specific Th2-associated IgG1 responses, but enhanced Th1-associated IgG2c responses. These data expand our current understanding of the mucosal immune responses promoted by sFliC and highlights the potential of this adjuvant for vaccine usage by taking advantage of the functionality of mucosal CD103+CD11b+ cDC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Flores-Langarica
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Cook
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Müller Luda
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma K Persson
- VIB-Ugent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nonantzin Beristain-Covarrubias
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Madelene Dahlgren
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny J Persson
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Satoshi Uematsu
- International Research and Development Centre for Mucosal Vaccine, Institute for Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunology and Genomics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Johansson Lindbom
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Section of Biology and Chemistry, Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - William Agace
- Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Section of Biology and Chemistry, Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|