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Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Georgescu MF, Maino Vieytes CA, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Noren Hooten N, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Plasma homocysteine and longitudinal change in cognitive function among urban adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 364:65-79. [PMID: 39134149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have inconsistently linked cognitive performance and change over time to an elevated level of homocysteine (Hcy), with few conducted among urban adults. METHODS Longitudinal data [Visit 1 (2004-2009) and Visit 2 (2009-2013)] were analyzed from up to 1430 selected Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) participants. Baseline and follow-up blood Hcy was measured, while 11 cognitive function test scores were assessed at either of these two visits. Overall, sex- and race-stratified associations were evaluated using mixed-effects linear regression models, adjusting for key potential confounders. Interaction effects between Hcy and serum levels of folate and vitamin B-12 were also tested. RESULTS We found that greater LnHcyv1 was significantly associated with poorer baseline attention based on higher Loge (TRAILS A, in seconds) [β (SE): 0.101 (0.031), P = 0.001]. Heterogeneity was also found by sex and by race. Most notably, among men only, LnHcyv1 was associated with faster decline on the BVRT (# of errors), a measure of visuo-spatial memory (β (SE): 0.297(0.115), P = 0.010, reduced model); while among African American adults only, an elevated and increasing LnHcy over time was associated with faster rate of decline on Loge (TRAILS B, in seconds) [β (SE): +0.012 (0.005), p = 0.008], a measure of executive function. Interactions between Hcy, folate and vitamin B-12 blood exposures were also detected. CONCLUSIONS In summary, sex- and race-specific adverse association between elevated Hcy and cognitive performance over time were detected among middle-aged urban adults, in domains of attention, visuo-spatial memory and executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- VA National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC 20420, USA; Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael F Georgescu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christian A Maino Vieytes
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marie T Fanelli-Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Kassis A, Fichot MC, Horcajada MN, Horstman AMH, Duncan P, Bergonzelli G, Preitner N, Zimmermann D, Bosco N, Vidal K, Donato-Capel L. Nutritional and lifestyle management of the aging journey: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1087505. [PMID: 36761987 PMCID: PMC9903079 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1087505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
With age, the physiological responses to occasional or regular stressors from a broad range of functions tend to change and adjust at a different pace and restoring these functions in the normal healthy range becomes increasingly challenging. Even if this natural decline is somehow unavoidable, opportunities exist to slow down and attenuate the impact of advancing age on major physiological processes which, when weakened, constitute the hallmarks of aging. This narrative review revisits the current knowledge related to the aging process and its impact on key metabolic functions including immune, digestive, nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular functions; and revisits insights into the important biological targets that could inspire effective strategies to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Kassis
- Whiteboard Nutrition Science, Beaconsfield, QC, Canada,Amira Kassis,
| | | | | | | | - Peter Duncan
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Preitner
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diane Zimmermann
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Vidal
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Donato-Capel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Laurence Donato-Capel,
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Homocysteine levels, genetic background, and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2023; 270:477-485. [PMID: 36169739 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is considered an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between homocysteine levels and cognitive impairment in patients with PD. METHODS We conducted a case-control study that included 246 patients with PD, of whom 32 were cognitively impaired. The levels of homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 were measured in peripheral blood. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine differences in homocysteine levels between PD patients with and without cognitive impairment. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the role of Hcy levels in PD with cognitive decline. Five polymorphisms in genes involved in Hcy metabolism, including MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131, COMT rs4680, MTRR rs1801394, and TCN2 rs1801198, were genotyped. RESULTS Our case-control study showed that homocysteine levels were associated with cognitive impairment in PD after adjusting for possible confounding factors such as levodopa equivalent daily dose. The results of our meta-analysis further supported the positive association between homocysteine levels and cognition in PD. We found that the MTHFR rs1801133 TT genotype led to higher homocysteine levels in PD patients, whereas the MTHFR rs1801131 CC genotype resulted in higher folate levels. However, the polymorphisms studied were not associated with cognitive impairment in PD. CONCLUSIONS Increased homocysteine levels were a risk factor for cognitive decline in PD. However, no association was found between polymorphisms in genes involved in homocysteine metabolism and cognitive impairment in PD. Large-scale studies of ethnically diverse populations are required to definitively assess the relationship between MTHFR and cognitive impairment in PD.
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Association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T Gene Polymorphisms with Mild Cognitive Impairment Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:2962792. [PMID: 34580600 PMCID: PMC8464412 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2962792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (rs1801133) gene polymorphisms are related to a growing risk of Alzheimer's disease; however, whether this association applies to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unclear. Objective We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the contribution of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) gene variants to the risk of MCI. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from their inception to March 21, 2021, with language restricted to English or Chinese. We used fixed or random effects to examine the association between MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) gene variants and MCI susceptibility. Forest plots of pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated. Results Eight articles with 2,175 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. There was no significant association between MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) gene variants and MCI susceptibility under the allelic (OR, 1.318; 95% CI, 0.964–1.801; p = 0.084), dominant (OR, 1.296; 95% CI, 0.925–1.817; p = 0.132), recessive (OR, 1.397; 95% CI, 0.845–2.312; p = 0.193), heterozygous (OR, 1.031; 95% CI, 0.855–1.243; p = 0.749), or homozygous (OR, 1.506; 95% CI, 0.850–2.667; p = 0.160) models. Conclusion The results suggest that MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) gene polymorphisms are not associated with MCI susceptibility. However, large-scale studies covering various factors are required.
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Zhang C, Luo J, Yuan C, Ding D. Vitamin B12, B6, or Folate and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:781-794. [PMID: 32773392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that B vitamin deficiencies are an essential cause of neurological pathology. There is a need to provide evidence of the benefit of B vitamins for the prevention of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between intake and plasma levels of vitamins B12, B6, and folate and cognitive function in older populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were used to search the literature though August 8, 2019. We included observational population-based studies evaluating the association between concentrations or intake levels of vitamins B6, B12, or folate and cognition in older adults aged ≥45 years. The quality of all studies was assessed by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were analyzed by the random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by excluding the studies with significant heterogeneity. RESULTS Twenty-one observational studies with sample sizes ranging from 155-7030 were included in the meta-analysis. Higher levels of vitamin B12 (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.97) and folate concentration (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.51-0.90) were associated with better cognition in cross-sectional studies, but not in sensitivity analyses or prospective studies. High vitamin B6 concentrations showed no significant benefit on cognition and dementia risk. Prospective studies did not provide substantial evidence for the relationship. CONCLUSION The results from our meta-analysis suggest that vitamins B12, B6, and folate may not be modifiable risk factors for slowing cognitive decline among community-dwelling older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ford AH, Almeida OP. Effect of Vitamin B Supplementation on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging 2019; 36:419-434. [PMID: 30949983 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-019-00649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B deficiency and elevated total plasma homocysteine have been associated with cognitive impairment and dementia in later life, although it is unknown if treatment with these vitamins improves cognitive outcomes. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy of treatment with vitamin B12, vitamin B6, or folic acid in slowing cognitive decline amongst older adults with and without cognitive impairment. METHODS We summarized findings from previous systematic reviews of clinical trials and performed a new systematic review and meta-analysis of 31 English-language, randomized placebo-controlled trials of B-vitamin supplementation of individuals with and without existing cognitive impairment. RESULTS Previous reviews have generally reported no effect of B vitamins on cognitive function in older adults with or without cognitive impairment at study entry, although these vitamins effectively lowered total plasma homocysteine levels in participants. Ten randomized placebo-controlled trials of 1925 participants with pre-existing cognitive impairment and 21 trials of 15,104 participants without cognitive impairment have been completed to date but these generally confirmed findings from previous reviews with the exception of two trials that showed a modest but clinically uncertain benefit for vitamins in people with elevated plasma homocysteine. B-vitamin supplementation did not show an improvement in Mini-Mental State Examination scores for individuals with (mean difference 0.16, 95% confidence interval - 0.18 to 0.51) and without (mean difference 0.04, 95% confidence interval - 0.10 to 0.18) cognitive impairment compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Raised total plasma homocysteine is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, although available evidence from randomized controlled trials shows no obvious cognitive benefit of lowering homocysteine using B vitamins. Existing trials vary greatly in the type of supplementation, population sampled, study quality, and duration of treatment, thereby making it difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data. Findings should therefore be viewed in the context of the limitations of the available data and the lack of evidence of effect should not necessarily be interpreted as evidence of no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ford
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School (M577), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School (M577), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Fiocco AJ, Krieger L, D'Amico D, Parrott MD, Laurin D, Gaudreau P, Greenwood C, Ferland G. A systematic review of existing peripheral biomarkers of cognitive aging: Is there enough evidence for biomarker proxies in behavioral modification interventions?: An initiative in association with the nutrition, exercise and lifestyle team of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 52:72-119. [PMID: 31059801 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral biomarkers have shown significant value in predicting brain health and may serve as a useful proxy measurement in the assessment of evidence-based lifestyle behavior modification programs, including physical activity and nutrition programs, that aim to maintain cognitive function in late life. The aim of this systematic review was to elucidate which peripheral biomarkers are robustly associated with cognitive function among relatively healthy non-demented older adults. Following the standards for systematic reviews (PICO, PRIMSA), and employing MEDLINE and Scopus search engines, 222 articles were included in the review. Based on the review of biomarker proxies of cognitive health, it is recommended that a comprehensive biomarker panel, or biomarker signature, be developed as a clinical end point for behavior modification trials aimed at enhancing cognitive function in late life. The biomarker signature should take a multisystemic approach, including lipid, immune/inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in the biological signature index of cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Krieger
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle D'Amico
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Laurin
- Laval University, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, QC, Canada
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Beydoun MA, Tajuddin SM, Shaked D, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. One-carbon metabolism gene polymorphisms are associated with cognitive trajectory among African-American adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:238.e5-238.e18. [PMID: 31208817 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sex-specific link between longitudinal annual rate of cognitive change (LARCC) and polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism enzymatic genes remains unclear, particularly among African-American adults. We tested associations of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, and SHMT genes and select MTHFR haplotypes and latent classes (SNPHAP/SNPLC) with LARCC. Up to 797 African-American participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study (age: 30-64 y, 52% women) had 1.6-1.7 (i.e., 1 or 2) repeated measures (follow-up time, mean = 4.69 y) on 9 cognitive test scores, reflecting verbal and visual memory, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, attention, and executive function: California Verbal Learning Test-immediate recall (CVLT-List A), CVLT-DFR (delayed free recall), Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT), Animal Fluency (AF), Digits Span Forward and Backward tests, and Trail Making Test parts A and B (Trails A and B). Multiple linear mixed-effects and multiple linear regression models were conducted. Overall, MTHFR SNPs rs4846051(A1317G, G>A) and rs1801131(A1298C, G>T) were associated with slower and faster declines on AF, respectively, whereas rs2066462(C1056T, A>G) was related to slower decline on Trails B (executive function). Among men, rs4846051(A1317G, G>A) was linked to faster decline on BVRT (visual memory), whereas rs2066462(C1056T, A>G) and rs9651118(C>T) were associated with slower decline on CVLT-List A and rs9651118(C>T) with faster decline on CVLT-DFR. Among women, a slower decline on the domain "verbal memory/fluency" was observed with rs1801133(C677T, A>G). MTHFR2SNPHAP [rs1801133(C677T, A>G)/rs1801131(A1298C, G>T): GG] was associated with slower decline on AF among women, whereas MTHFR3SNPHAP(AT) was linked with slower decline on CVLT-List A among men but faster decline on "verbal memory/fluency" among women. Similar patterns were observed for MTHFR SNPLCs. In sum, MTHFR gene variations can differentially impact longitudinal changes in multiple cognitive domains among African-American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Salman M Tajuddin
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Shaked
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kaur G, Gaur R, Yadav S, Saraswathy KN. Association of vitamin B12 mediated hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrafolate reductase (C677T) gene polymorphism with cognitive impairment: A population based study from North India. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:123-125. [PMID: 30245375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study attempts to understand the association of homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism with cognitive impairment (CI) among 808 individuals of either sex (aged 30-70 years) from a largely vegetarian, mendelian population of North India. Biochemical and genetic analyses were done using standard protocols. Results indicate that 34.3% of the subjects had mild CI, 28.7% moderate CI and 0.2% were having severe CI. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found to be a significant risk factor for moderate/severe CI. Both CT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism were found to pose significant decreased risk for CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjinder Kaur
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Rajan Gaur
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Suniti Yadav
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
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Li Z, Peng X, Xiang W, Han J, Li K. The effect of resistance training on cognitive function in the older adults: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Aging Clin Exp Res 2018; 30:1259-1273. [PMID: 30006762 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-0998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is often accompanied by decline in aspects of cognitive function. Cognitive decline has harmful effects on living independence and general health. Resistance training is seen as a promising intervention to prevent or delay cognitive deterioration, yet the evidence from reviews is less consistent. AIM To assess the effect of resistance training on cognition in the elderly with and without mild cognitive impairment and to provide an up-to-date overview. METHODS A search was conducted using PUBMED, Web of science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Wan Fang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The searches were limited to articles published in English or Chinese from January 2010 to September 2017. RESULTS The search returned 2634 records, of which 12 articles were included in the systematic review. Main results showed that resistance training had positive effects on the executive function and global cognitive function of the elderly, and short-term interventions had little positive effect on memory and attention. Secondary results demonstrated that there was a significant benefit of triweekly resistance training in global cognitive function and biweekly in executive function of the elderly. CONCLUSIONS Resistance training had positive effects on the executive cognitive ability and global cognitive function among the elderly; however, it had a weak-positive impact on memory. No significant improvement was found in attention. Triweekly resistance training has a better effect on general cognitive ability than biweekly. Further studies are needed focusing on the development and application of resistance training among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiaqi Han
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, 965 Xinjiang Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Roostaei T, Felsky D, Nazeri A, De Jager PL, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Voineskos AN. Genetic influence of plasma homocysteine on Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 62:243.e7-243.e14. [PMID: 29102475 PMCID: PMC6953632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have consistently reported elevated plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, results from clinical trials of homocysteine-lowering treatments are inconsistent. This discrepancy may be explained by a lack of causal association between homocysteine and AD. Mendelian randomization studies have the potential to provide insight into the causality of this association through studying the effect of genetic predisposition to high homocysteine on AD. Our analyses using summarized (n = 54,162) and individual participant (n = 6987) data from Caucasian participants did not show an effect of plasma homocysteine genetic risk on susceptibility to AD. Although with smaller sample sizes, further subanalyses also did not support an effect of genetically determined plasma homocysteine on cognitive impairment and decline, beta-amyloid and tau pathology and gray matter atrophy in AD. However, we found associations with tau tangle burden (n = 251) and gray matter atrophy (n = 605) in cognitively normal elderly. Our results do not support a causal association between elevated homocysteine and risk, severity, and progression of AD. However, the relationship between genetically determined homocysteine and brain pathology in cognitively normal elderly requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Roostaei
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arash Nazeri
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging-Genetics Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Underserved Populations Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Porter K, Hoey L, Hughes CF, Ward M, McNulty H. Causes, Consequences and Public Health Implications of Low B-Vitamin Status in Ageing. Nutrients 2016; 8:E725. [PMID: 27854316 PMCID: PMC5133110 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential protective roles of folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins (vitamins B12, B6 and riboflavin) in diseases of ageing are of increasing research interest. The most common cause of folate and riboflavin deficiencies in older people is low dietary intake, whereas low B12 status is primarily associated with food-bound malabsorption, while sub-optimal vitamin B6 status is attributed to increased requirements in ageing. Observational evidence links low status of folate and the related B-vitamins (and/or elevated concentrations of homocysteine) with a higher risk of degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), cognitive dysfunction and osteoporosis. Deficient or low status of these B-vitamins alone or in combination with genetic polymorphisms, including the common MTHFR 677 C → T polymorphism, could contribute to greater disease risk in ageing by causing perturbations in one carbon metabolism. Moreover, interventions with the relevant B-vitamins to optimise status may have beneficial effects in preventing degenerative diseases. The precise mechanisms are unknown but many have been proposed involving the role of folate and the related B-vitamins as co-factors for one-carbon transfer reactions, which are fundamental for DNA and RNA biosynthesis and the maintenance of methylation reactions. This review will examine the evidence linking folate and related B-vitamins with health and disease in ageing, associated mechanisms and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Porter
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Leane Hoey
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Catherine F Hughes
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Mary Ward
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Helene McNulty
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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Setién-Suero E, Suárez-Pinilla M, Suárez-Pinilla P, Crespo-Facorro B, Ayesa-Arriola R. Homocysteine and cognition: A systematic review of 111 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:280-98. [PMID: 27531233 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels have been associated with cognitive dysfunction in a wide range of conditions. The aim of this review is to establish which cognitive domains and populations are the most affected. METHODS We systematically review the literature and consider all articles that showed any relationship between plasma Hcy levels and scores achieved on cognitive performance tests in both, the general population and patients suffering from central nervous system disorders and other diseases. When effect sizes were available and combinable, several meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS We found 111 pertinent articles. There were 24 cohort studies, 18 randomized trials, 21 case-control studies, and 48 cross-sectional studies. This review reveals a positive trend between cognitive decline and increased plasma Hcy concentrations in general population and in patients with cognitive impairments. Results from the meta-analyses also confirm this trend. Treatment with vitamin supplementation fails to show a reduction in cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Further investigations are warranted to clarify this relationship. Earlier detection of the elevated Hcy levels may be an effective intervention to prevent cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Setién-Suero
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.
| | - Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain
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15
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John J, Bhatia T, Kukshal P, Chandna P, Nimgaonkar VL, Deshpande SN, Thelma BK. Association study of MiRSNPs with schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia and cognition. Schizophr Res 2016; 174:29-34. [PMID: 27106592 PMCID: PMC5487370 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to 3'UTRs of genes and negatively regulate their expression. With ~50% of miRNAs expressing in the brain, they play an important role in neuronal development, plasticity, cognition and neurological disorders. Conserved miRNA targets are present in >60% genes in humans and are under evolutionary pressure to maintain pairing with miRNA. However, such binding may be affected by genetic variant(s) in the target sites (MiRSNPs), thereby altering gene expression. Differential expression of a large number of genes in postmortem brains of schizophrenia (SZ) patients compared to controls has been documented. Thus studying the role of MiRSNPs which are underinvestigated in SZ becomes attractive. We systematically selected 35 MiRSNPs with predicted functional relevance in 3'UTRs of genes shown previously to be associated with SZ, genotyped and tested their association with disease, using independent discovery and replication samples (total n=1017 cases; n=1073 controls). We also explored genetic associations with two sets of quantitative traits, namely tardive dyskinesia (TD) and cognitive functions disrupted in SZ in subsets of the study cohort. In the primary analysis, a significant association of MiRSNP rs7430 at PPP3CC was observed with SZ in the discovery and the replication samples [discovery: P=0.01; OR (95% CI) 1.24 (1.04-1.48); replication: P=0.03; OR (95% CI) 1.20 (1.02-1.43)]. In the exploratory analyses, five SNPs were nominally associated with TD (P values 0.04-0.004). Separately, 12 SNPs were associated with one or more of the eight cognitive domains (P values 0.05-0.003). These associations, particularly the SNP at PPP3CC merit further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin John
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Triptish Bhatia
- Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER-Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Prachi Kukshal
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Puneet Chandna
- AceProbe Technologies (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Smita N Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, PGIMER-Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
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16
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Analysis of risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral infarction. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:673-7. [PMID: 25227943 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in cerebral infarction patients. Associations between VCI and age, gender, blood pressure, lipid levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, homocysteine (Hcy), and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (HS-CRP) were evaluated in patients with cerebral infarction (n = 300) using single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. By single factor analysis, the age, glycosylated hemoglobin, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure, Hcy, HS-CRP, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly associated with VCI in these patients. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the age, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, Hcy, and HS-CRP were revealed as independent risk factors. The age, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, Hcy, and HS-CRP can serve as predictive factors for VCI in patients with cerebral infarction.
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Polito L, Poloni TE, Vaccaro R, Abbondanza S, Mangieri M, Davin A, Villani S, Guaita A. High homocysteine and epistasis between MTHFR and APOE: association with cognitive performance in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2016; 76:9-16. [PMID: 26774227 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with cognitive impairment in the elderly. The impact of high tHcy on different cognitive domains deserves further investigation, as does the role of the C677T polymorphism of the 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. A cross-sectional analysis of 903 subjects from the population-based "InveCe.Ab" study was performed. The participants had no psychosis or active neurological disorders. They underwent a neuropsychological assessment. Principal component analysis allowed cognitive performance to be condensed into two components: executive functions and memory. Novel components were evaluated for association with tHcy, controlling for potential confounders. Regression models showed that high serum tHcy was associated with lower executive functions, but not with memory. MTHFR C677T TT was associated with higher tHcy but did not affect cognitive performance per se. However, when combined with the apolipoprotein E (APOE)-ε4 allele, it was a risk factor for lower executive performance, independently of tHcy levels. In summary, high tHcy per se, or MTHFR C677T TT in combination with the APOE-ε4 allele, might be associated primarily with executive dysfunctions rather than memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy; "C. Golgi" Geriatric Institute, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy; "C. Golgi" Geriatric Institute, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Annalisa Davin
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Villani
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonio Guaita
- "Golgi Cenci" Foundation, Abbiategrasso 20081, Milan, Italy
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18
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Thomas P, Fenech M. Buccal Cytome Biomarkers and Their Association with Plasma Folate, Vitamin B12 and Homocysteine in Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 8:57-69. [PMID: 26228832 DOI: 10.1159/000435784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and is the commonest form of dementia. One aim of this study was to determine whether AD individuals have altered plasma folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) levels compared to controls. The other aim was to investigate correlations between B vitamins and buccal biomarkers to test whether they are influenced by B vitamin status. METHODS Folate, vitamin B12 and Hcy were measured using ARCHITECT® and AxSYM® assays. Genomic stability was measured using the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AD basal cells was 0.96 (p < 0.0001), for karyorrhectic cells 0.88 (p < 0.0001) and for basal and karyorrhectic cells 0.91 (p < 0.0001). Hcy was significantly increased (p = 0.0003) compared to controls. Plasma vitamin B12 in controls showed a positive correlation with pyknosis (r = 0.5365, p = 0.004), karyolysis (r = 0.5447, p = 0.004) and condensed chromatin (r = 0.5238, p = 0.006). Plasma vitamin B12 in AD cases showed a positive correlation with micronuclei (r = 0.3552, p = 0.04) and basal cells (r = 0.3448, p = 0.04), whilst plasma Hcy showed a negative correlation with karyorrhectic cells (r = -0.4107, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Hcy was significantly increased in AD cases relative to controls. The lower frequency of basal cells and karyorrhectic cells observed in AD cases may be explained by lower vitamin B12 and higher Hcy levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Thomas
- Commonwealth and Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Genome Health and Personalised Nutrition Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Flagship, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
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19
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Park SH, Kim H, Lee KJ. Correlations between homocysteine and grey matter volume in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2015; 15:116-122. [PMID: 25560091 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that elevated total homocysteine levels are associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, few studies have examined the radiological markers of associated neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that elevated levels of homocysteine are associated with cerebral grey matter volume loss. We compared the grey matter in a high homocysteine group and a normal homocysteine group using an optimized voxel-based morphometry. METHODS The study included 79 patients with AD who were divided into two groups: a high homocysteine group and a normal homocysteine group. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a standardized protocol and neurocognitive evaluation. Homocysteine tests and other routine laboratory examinations for dementia assessment were carried out in all patients. RESULTS There was no significant difference in grey matter volume between the patients with high homocysteine levels and those with normal homocysteine levels. A multiple regression analysis also revealed that the levels of homocysteine were not associated with the grey matter volume in patients with AD. Homocysteine levels were not correlated significantly with Mini-Mental State Examination, Global Deterioration Scale, or Clinical Dementia Rating. CONCLUSION Our results showed that elevated homocysteine levels are not associated with reduced cerebral grey matter volume in AD. Larger samples will be needed to assess potential correlations between homocysteine and neuroanatomical pathology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyeok Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kang Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
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20
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Ham AC, Enneman AW, van Dijk SC, Oliai Araghi S, Swart KMA, Sohl E, van Wijngaarden JP, van der Zwaluw NL, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, van Schoor NM, van der Cammen TJM, Zillikens MC, de Jonge R, Lips P, de Groot LCPGM, van Meurs JBJ, Uitterlinden AG, Witkamp RF, Stricker BHC, van der Velde N. Associations between medication use and homocysteine levels in an older population, and potential mediation by vitamin B12 and folate: data from the B-PROOF Study. Drugs Aging 2015; 31:611-21. [PMID: 24993981 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-014-0192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated homocysteine levels are a risk indicator for cardiovascular disease, fractures and cognitive decline. Previous studies indicated associations between homocysteine levels and medication use, including antihypertensive, lipid-lowering and antidiabetic medication. However, results were often contradictory and inconclusive. Our objective was to study the associations established previously in more detail by sub-classifying medication groups, and investigate the potential mediating role of vitamin B12 and folate status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Baseline data from the B-PROOF (B-vitamins for the PRevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures) study were used. We included 2,912 participants aged ≥65 years, with homocysteine levels of 12-50 μmol/L and creatinine levels ≤150 μmol/L, for whom self-reported medication data were available. We used multivariable linear regression models and analysis of covariance to assess the association between medication use and plasma homocysteine levels, and the potential mediation by serum vitamin B12 and folate. RESULTS The mean age was 74 years (standard deviation, 6.5), 50 % were women, and median homocysteine levels were 14 µmol/L [interquartile range, 13-17 µmol/L]. Higher mean homocysteine levels were observed in users vs. non-users for diuretics (15.2 vs. 14.9, p = 0.043), high-ceiling sulphonamide diuretics (16.0 vs. 14.9, p < 0.001), medication acting via the renin-angiotensin system (15.2 vs. 14.9, p = 0.029) and metformin (15.6 vs. 15.1, p = 0.006). Non-selective β-blocker use was associated with lower mean homocysteine levels (14.4 vs. 15.0, p = 0.019). Only this association was mediated by an underlying association with vitamin B12 and folate levels. CONCLUSION The associations between homocysteine levels and medication use appear to be fairly modest. Our results suggest that medication use is unlikely to contribute to clinically relevant changes in plasma homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies C Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Geriatric Section, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Jadavji NM, Wieske F, Dirnagl U, Winter C. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency alters levels of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in brain tissue. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 3:1-4. [PMID: 26937386 PMCID: PMC4750636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme key regulator in folate metabolism. Deficiencies in MTHFR result in increased levels of homocysteine, which leads to reduced levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). In the brain, SAM donates methyl groups to catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which is involved in neurotransmitter analysis. Using the MTHFR-deficient mouse model the purpose of this study was to investigate levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and amino acid levels in brain tissue. MTHFR deficiency affected levels of both glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid in within the cerebellum and hippocampus. Mthfr−/− mice had reduced levels of glutamate in the amygdala and γ-aminobutyric acid in the thalamus. The excitatory mechanisms of homocysteine through activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in brain tissue might alter levels of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid.
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Key Words
- 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
- 5-HT, serotonin.
- 5-methylTHF, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- DOPAC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- Glutamate
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HVA, homovanillic acid
- Homocysteine
- MTHFR, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Monoamine neurotransmitters
- S-Adenosylmethionine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- γ-Aminobutyric acid
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Jadavji
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - F Wieske
- Department of Experimental Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Winter
- Department of Experimental Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Tsai CL, Wang CH, Pan CY, Chen FC. The effects of long-term resistance exercise on the relationship between neurocognitive performance and GH, IGF-1, and homocysteine levels in the elderly. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:23. [PMID: 25713518 PMCID: PMC4322723 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a long-term resistance exercise intervention on executive functions in healthy elderly males, and to further understand the potential neurophysiological mechanisms mediating the changes. The study assessed forty-eight healthy elderly males randomly assigned to exercise (n = 24) or control (n = 24) groups. The assessment included neuropsychological and neuroelectric measures during a variant of the oddball task paradigm, as well as growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and homocysteine levels at baseline and after either a 12 month intervention of resistance exercise training or control period. The results showed that the control group had a significantly lower accuracy rate and smaller P3a and P3b amplitudes in the oddball condition after 12 months. The exercise group exhibited improved reaction times (RTs), sustained P3a and P3b amplitudes, increased levels of serum IGF-1, and decreased levels of serum homocysteine. The changes in IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with the changes in RT and P3b amplitude of the oddball condition in the exercise group. In conclusion, significantly enhanced serum IGF-1 levels after 12 months of resistance exercise were inversely correlated with neurocognitive decline in the elderly. These findings suggest that regular resistance exercise might be a promising strategy to attenuate the trajectory of cognitive aging in healthy elderly individuals, possibly mediated by IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Tsai
- Lab of Cognitive Neurophysiology, Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Lab of Cognitive Neurophysiology, Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Pan
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Chen
- Department of Recreation Sport and Health Promotion, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung, Taiwan
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Luo M, Ji H, Zhou X, Liang J, Zou T. Correlation of homocysteine metabolic enzymes gene polymorphism and mild cognitive impairment in the Xinjiang Uygur population. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:326-32. [PMID: 25625218 PMCID: PMC4316859 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in the homocysteine (HCY) metabolic enzymes in the Xinjiang Uygur population who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Material/Methods Based on the epidemiological investigation, 129 cases of diagnosed Uygur MCI patients and a matched control group with 131 cases were enrolled for analyzing the association between the polymorphisms in the HCY metabolism related genes (C677T, A1298C, and G1968A polymorphisms in MTHFR, as well as the A2756G polymorphism in MS) and MCI by using the SNaPshot method. We then determined the homocysteine level in patients. Results In Xinjiang Uygur subjects, the A1298C polymorphisms in MTHFR and the A2756G polymorphisms in the MS gene in the MCI group were different from those in the control group. However, the C677T and G1968A polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene in MCI patients were not different from those in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that, in addition to the well-known risk factors, such as low education level, high cholesterol level, high level of low-density lipoprotein, and high homocysteine levels, the A>G mutation in the MS gene at the rs1805087 locus was another independent risk factor for MCI in the Uyghur MCI population. The risk of MCI in G allele carriers was 2.265 times higher than that in matched control individuals (95% CI: 1.205~4.256, P<0.05). Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of HCY metabolizing enzymes is correlated to the occurrence of MCI in the Xinjiang Uygur population. The A2756G polymorphism in the MS gene could be an independent risk factor for MCI in the Xinjiang Uygur population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- 1st Department of Cadres Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Huihui Ji
- Ningbo Key Lab of Behavior Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- 1st Department of Cadres Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Liang
- 3rd Department of Cadres Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Zou
- 1st Department of Cadres Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
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Lu YH, Cheng LM, Huang YH, Lo MY, Wu TJT, Lin HY, Hsu TR, Niu DM. Heterozygous carriers of classical homocystinuria tend to have higher fasting serum homocysteine concentrations than non-carriers in the presence of folate deficiency. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:1155-8. [PMID: 25516282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many studies have reported that serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) carriers are usually normal and only elevated after a methionine load. However, the amount of methionine required for a loading test is non-physiological and is never reached with regular feeding. Therefore, CBS carriers do not seem to be at an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the risk of cardiovascular diseases of CBS carriers with folate deficiency has not been studied. We recently found an extraordinarily high carrier rate (1/7.78) of a novel CBS mutation (p.D47E, c.T141A) in an Austronesian Taiwanese Tao tribe who live in a geographic area with folate deficiency. We evaluated if the CBS carriers tend to have higher fasting serum tHcy concentrations than non-carriers in presence of folate deficiency. METHODS The serum tHcy and folate levels before and after folate replacement were measured in 48 adult Tao carriers, 40 age-matched Tao non-carriers and 40 age-matched Han Taiwanese controls. RESULTS The serum tHcy level of the Tao CBS carriers (17.9 ± 3.8 μmol/l) was significantly higher than in Tao non-carriers (15.7 ± 3.5 μmol/l; p < 0.008) and Taiwanese controls (11.8 ± 2.9 μmol/l; p < 0.001). Furthermore, a high prevalence of folate deficiency in the Tao compared with the Taiwanese controls (4.9 ± 1.8 ng/ml vs. 10.6 ± 5.5 ng/ml; p < 0.001) was also noted. Of note, the difference in tHcy levels between the carriers and non-carriers was eliminated by folate supplementation. (carriers:13.65 ± 2.13 μmol/l; non-carriers:12.39 ± 3.25 μmol/l, p = 0.321). CONCLUSIONS CBS carriers tend to have a higher tHcy level in the presence of folate deficiency than non-carriers. Although many reports have indicated that CBS carriers are not associated with cardiovascular disease, the risk for CBS carriers with folate deficiency has not been well studied. Owing to a significantly elevated level of fasting tHcy without methionine loading, it is important to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease in CBS carriers with folate deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiu Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Mei Cheng
- Lanyu Township Health Office, Taitung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yu Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tina Jui-Ting Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Rong Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Dau-Ming Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yang R, Chen RP, Chen H, Zhang H, Cai DH. Folic acid attenuates cognitive dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4214-4219. [PMID: 25550933 PMCID: PMC4276191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction is common in patients with diabetes but its pathogenesis is not clear. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of 5', 10' methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) in the development of diabetic cognitive impairment and test whether folic acid (FA) supplementation prevents cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats. In the current study, three months after streptozotocin-induced diabetes onset, rats showed cognitive dysfunction including the prolonged escape latency, the decreased time spent in the target quadrant and the declined number of crossing the platform in Morris water maze test. Diabetic rats also presented elevated plasma homocysteine level and downregulation of MTHFR in hippocampus revealed by Western blotting. The diabetic cognitive dysfunction was attenuated by 30-day dietary FA treatment with a significantly decreased homocysteine level. In conclusion, these results suggest that MTHFR plays a crucial role in diabetic cognitive dysfunction and folate fortification might become a potent therapeutic strategy against diabetic cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Rong-Ping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - De-Hong Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510282, China
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Abstract
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in supporting the structural and functional development of the human brain from conception, throughout early infancy and extending into later life. A growing body of evidence suggests that folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins are essential for brain health across all age groups, owing to their specific roles in C1 metabolism and particularly in the production of S-adenosylmethionine, a universal methyl donor essential for the production of neurotransmitters. Emerging, though not entirely consistent, evidence suggests that maternal folate status throughout pregnancy may influence neurodevelopment and behaviour of the offspring. Furthermore optimal B-vitamin status is associated with better cognitive health in ageing. Of note, a recent clinical trial provided evidence that supplementation with folic acid and related B-vitamins over a 2-year-period reduced global and regional brain atrophy, as measured by MRI scan in older adults. In terms of potential mechanisms, the effects of these B-vitamins on cognitive health may be independent or may be mediated by nutrient-nutrient and/or relevant gene-nutrient interactions. Furthermore, a new area of research suggests that the in utero environment influences health in later life. Folate, an important cofactor in C1 metabolism, is indirectly involved in DNA methylation, which in turn is considered to be one of the epigenetic mechanisms that may underlie fetal programming and brain development. The present review will explore the evidence that supports a role for folate and the related B-vitamins in brain health across the lifecycle, and potential mechanisms to explain such effects.
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Belcavello L, Camporez D, Almeida LD, Morelato RL, Batitucci MCP, de Paula F. Association of MTHFR and PICALM polymorphisms with Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:611-6. [PMID: 25359311 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia in the elderly and causes a decrease in cognition, functionality, and behaviour. Genetic risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. In this case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in MTHFR (rs1801133), PICALM (3851719), CLU (rs11136000), and CR1 (rs6701713) are associated with AD. Genotype frequencies were evaluated in 82 late-onset AD patients and 161 elderly healthy controls matched by age and gender. We detected a significant association of the MTHFR rs1801133 and PICALM rs3851179 polymorphisms with AD. The results of this study support the hypothesis that several genes are involved in the aetiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Belcavello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human Molecular Genetics Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil,
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Watanabe K, Watanabe T, Nakayama M. Cerebro-renal interactions: impact of uremic toxins on cognitive function. Neurotoxicology 2014; 44:184-93. [PMID: 25003961 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has received attention as an important problem in recent years. Causes of CI with CKD are multifactorial, and include cerebrovascular disease, renal anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, dialysis disequilibrium, and uremic toxins (UTs). Among these causes, little is known about the role of UTs. We therefore selected 21 uremic compounds, and summarized reports of cerebro-renal interactions associated with UTs. Among the compounds, uric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, interleukin 1-β, interleukin 6, TNF-α, and PTH were most likely to affect the cerebro-renal interaction dysfunction; however, sufficient data have not been obtained for other UTs. Notably, most of the data were not obtained under uremic conditions; therefore, the impact and mechanism of each UT on cognition and central nervous system in uremic state remains unknown. At present, impacts and mechanisms of UT effects on cognition are poorly understood. Clarifying the mechanisms and establishing novel therapeutic strategies for cerebro-renal interaction dysfunction is expected to be subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
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Chen NY, Liu CW, Du LL, Xiao LP, Ge L, Wang YY, Wei Z, Wu HY, Luo CY, Liang L, Peng JH, Luo XQ, Yin RX, Nguyen CP, Pan SL. Enrichment of MTHFR 677 T in a Chinese long-lived cohort and its association with lipid modulation. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:104. [PMID: 24968810 PMCID: PMC4092207 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Variants in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene may result in a lowered catalytic activity and associate with subsequent elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentration, abnormal DNA synthesis and methylation, cardiovascular risk, and unhealthy aging. Several investigations on the relationship of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with serum lipid profile and longevity have been conducted in some populations, but the findings remain mixed. Herein, we sought to look at the association between MTHFR C677T and lipid profile in a longevous cohort in Bama, a well-known home of longevity in China. Methods Genotyping of MTHFR C677T was undertaken in 516 long-lived inhabitants (aged 90 and older, long-lived group, LG) and 493 healthy controls (aged 60–75, non-long-lived group, non-LG) recruited from Bama area. Correlation between MTHFR genotypes and lipids was then evaluated. Results T allele and TT genotype were significantly more prevalent in LG (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively), especially in females, than in non-LG. No difference in the tested lipid measures among MTHFR C677T genotypes was observed in LG, non-LG and total population (P > 0.05 for all). However, female but not male T carriers exhibited higher TC and LDL-C levels than did T noncarriers in the total population and in LG after stratification by sex (P < 0.05 for each). These differences did not however remain through further subdivision by hyperlipidemia and normolipidemia. Conclusion The higher prevalence of MTHFR 677 T genotypes and its modest unfavorable impact on lipids in Bama long-lived individuals may imply an existence of other protective genotypes which require further determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shang-Ling Pan
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Gamaldo AA, Teel A, Zonderman AB, Wang Y. Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:643. [PMID: 24962204 PMCID: PMC4099157 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment, including dementia, is a major health concern with the increasing aging population. Preventive measures to delay cognitive decline are of utmost importance. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, increasing in prevalence from <1% below the age of 60 years to >40% above 85 years of age. Methods We systematically reviewed selected modifiable factors such as education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, caffeine, antioxidants, homocysteine (Hcy), n-3 fatty acids that were studied in relation to various cognitive health outcomes, including incident AD. We searched MEDLINE for published literature (January 1990 through October 2012), including cross-sectional and cohort studies (sample sizes > 300). Analyses compared study finding consistency across factors, study designs and study-level characteristics. Selecting studies of incident AD, our meta-analysis estimated pooled risk ratios (RR), population attributable risk percent (PAR%) and assessed publication bias. Results In total, 247 studies were retrieved for systematic review. Consistency analysis for each risk factor suggested positive findings ranging from ~38.9% for caffeine to ~89% for physical activity. Education also had a significantly higher propensity for “a positive finding” compared to caffeine, smoking and antioxidant-related studies. Meta-analysis of 31 studies with incident AD yielded pooled RR for low education (RR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.30-3.04), high Hcy (RR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.50-2.49), and current/ever smoking status (RR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.23-1.52) while indicating protective effects of higher physical activity and n-3 fatty acids. Estimated PAR% were particularly high for physical activity (PAR% = 31.9; 95% CI: 22.7-41.2) and smoking (PAR%=31.09%; 95% CI: 17.9-44.3). Overall, no significant publication bias was found. Conclusions Higher Hcy levels, lower educational attainment, and decreased physical activity were particularly strong predictors of incident AD. Further studies are needed to support other potential modifiable protective factors, such as caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd,, Suite 100, Room #: 04B118, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e379. [PMID: 24713860 PMCID: PMC4012283 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few biomarkers have been known that can easily measure clinical conditions in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) is a new method that can measure ionized and low-molecular-weight metabolites. To explore global metabolomic alterations that characterize the onset of schizophrenia and identify biomarkers, we profiled the relative and absolute concentrations of the plasma metabolites from 30 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ, four drug-naïve samples), 38 healthy controls and 15 individuals with autism spectrum disorders using CE-TOFMS. Five metabolites had robust changes (increased creatine and decreased betaine, nonanoic acid, benzoic acid and perillic acid) in two independent sample sets. Altered levels of these metabolites are consistent with well-known hypotheses regarding abnormalities of the homocysteine metabolism, creatine kinase-emia and oxidative stress. Although it should be considered that most patients with FESZ received medication, these metabolites are candidate biomarkers to improve the determination of diagnosis, severity and clinical stages, especially for FESZ.
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Ford AH, Flicker L, Singh U, Hirani V, Almeida OP. Homocysteine, depression and cognitive function in older adults. J Affect Disord 2013; 151:646-651. [PMID: 23928176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and high total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) are independently associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. We designed this study to determine if high tHcy is a mediator of cognitive performance in older adults with major depression. METHODS We recruited 358 community-dwelling older adults experiencing depressive symptoms, 236 (65.9%) of who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depression. Assessment included the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), fasting tHcy and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery. RESULTS Individuals with major depression and high tHcy had significantly worse immediate verbal and delayed visual recall. Non-depressed participants with high tHcy had lower MMSE, immediate and delayed recall scores than those with normal tHcy. The odds of cognitive inefficiency for those with high tHcy was nearly doubled for the MMSE (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.3), immediate (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.5) and delayed (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.1-3.4) word recall after adjusting for age, gender, IHD and MADRS score. LIMITATIONS The presence of sub-syndromal depressive symptoms in our non-depressed group and exclusion of participants with established cognitive impairment may limit the generalizability of this study. CONCLUSIONS Elevated tHcy was associated with weaker performance in tests of immediate and delayed memory and global cognitive performance when compared to those with normal tHcy independent of the presence of major depression or the severity of depressive symptoms. Homocysteine lowering B-vitamin supplementation may offer a potential therapeutic target to try and mitigate the often-disabling impact of cognitive deficits found in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ford
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing (M573), Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, 50 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
| | - Leon Flicker
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing (M573), Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Urvashnee Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, 50 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Varsha Hirani
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing (M573), Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing (M573), Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, 50 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
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Hankey GJ, Ford AH, Yi Q, Eikelboom JW, Lees KR, Chen C, Xavier D, Navarro JC, Ranawaka UK, Uddin W, Ricci S, Gommans J, Schmidt R, Almeida OP, van Bockxmeer FM. Effect of B Vitamins and Lowering Homocysteine on Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Previous Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2013; 44:2232-9. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.001886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ford AH, Garrido GJ, Beer C, Lautenschlager NT, Arnolda L, Flicker L, Almeida OP. Homocysteine, grey matter and cognitive function in adults with cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33345. [PMID: 22413017 PMCID: PMC3296688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) has been associated with cognitive impairment, vascular disease and brain atrophy. METHODS We investigated 150 volunteers to determine if the association between high tHcy and cerebral grey matter volume and cognitive function is independent of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Participants with high tHcy (≥15 µmol/L) showed a widespread relative loss of grey matter compared with people with normal tHcy, although differences between the groups were minimal once the analyses were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and prevalent cardiovascular disease. Individuals with high tHcy had worse cognitive scores across a range of domains and less total grey matter volume, although these differences were not significant in the adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the association between high tHcy and loss of cerebral grey matter volume and decline in cognitive function is largely explained by increasing age and cardiovascular diseases and indicate that the relationship is not causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Ford
- Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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